An assembly type pipe clamp
By setting multiple protruding teeth and a continuous force transmission path in the mounting groove of the pipe clamp, the problem of easy slippage of existing pipe clamps under external impact is solved, achieving higher impact resistance and line accuracy, and adapting to stable clamping of different pipe diameters.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG DADI INFORMATION ENGINEERING CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing pipe clamps rely on the friction between the lower end of the clamping component and the groove, which is prone to failure under external impact, causing pipe slippage and affecting the accuracy of the wiring layout.
The system employs multiple protruding teeth within the mounting groove. By engaging the abutting section of the clamping component with these teeth and locking the connecting section with a locking element, the system enhances the impact resistance of the clamping component. Furthermore, the system utilizes the bending section and the extension section to form a continuous force transmission path, thereby improving clamping strength and stability.
It improves the pipe clamp's resistance to external impact, ensures that the pipe does not shift, enhances the accuracy and fixing strength of the pipeline layout, adapts to pipes of different diameters, and improves assembly and maintenance efficiency and reliability.
Smart Images

Figure CN224479371U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of pipeline installation technology, specifically relating to an assembled pipe clamp. Background Technology
[0002] Existing pipe clamps mainly consist of a fixing component and a clamping assembly fixed in the installation position. The fixing component has an installation groove, and the clamping assembly clamps the pipe and installs it in the installation groove. The clamping assembly includes two opposing clamping parts and a locking part. The two clamping parts cooperate to clamp the pipe, and the locking part can lock the top ends of the two clamping parts. When the clamping assembly clamps the pipe and installs it in the installation groove, the locking part locks the top ends of the two clamping parts, causing the lower ends of the clamping parts to tilt outwards and finally abut against the edge of the groove. The friction between the clamping parts and the installation groove is used to fix the pipe.
[0003] However, existing pipe clamps rely on the friction between the lower end of the clamping component and the groove. This friction is easily lost when subjected to external impacts (such as pipe vibration or shaking of the installation environment). In this case, the clamping assembly will slide along the length of the mounting groove, causing the pipe to deviate from its intended position and affecting the accuracy of the wiring layout. Utility Model Content
[0004] This application provides an assembled pipe clamp to solve the technical problem that existing pipe clamps have poor clamping effect on pipes and are prone to causing pipe displacement.
[0005] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:
[0006] An assembled pipe clamp includes a fixing member fixed to an installation position and a clamping assembly. The fixing member has an installation groove, and the clamping assembly is detachably mounted in the installation groove. The installation groove has multiple protruding teeth. The clamping assembly includes two clamping parts arranged opposite each other and a locking member connecting the two clamping parts. Each clamping part includes a connecting section that mates with the locking member, an abutting section that mates with the installation groove, and a clamping section for clamping a pipe. One end of the clamping section is connected to the connecting section, and the other end is connected to the abutting section. The clamping assembly clamps the pipe and installs it in the installation groove. The two clamping sections abut against the pipe, and the locking member locks the two connecting sections so that the abutting section engages with the protruding teeth.
[0007] The assembled pipe clamp of this application also includes the following additional technical features:
[0008] The mounting groove includes an upper narrow groove, a transition section, and a lower horizontal groove. The transition section connects the upper narrow groove and the lower horizontal groove. The upper narrow groove includes a slot section that connects to the transition section. The slot section has two slot sections, and protruding teeth are provided on the side of the slot section facing the lower horizontal groove.
[0009] The abutting section includes a limiting section that is movably disposed in the lower transverse groove and a moving section that is clearance-fitted with the upper narrow groove. The limiting section is used to abut against the protruding tooth.
[0010] The limiting section extends along the width of the lower transverse groove to engage with the protruding teeth set on the two groove sections.
[0011] The clamping section includes a curved section connected to the connecting section and an extension section connected to the abutting section. The curved section can conform to the outer contour of the pipe.
[0012] The width of the extension segment is greater than the width of the moving segment.
[0013] Multiple protruding teeth are arranged at intervals along the length of the mounting groove.
[0014] The clamping section includes a curved section connected to the connecting section and an extension section connected to the abutting section. The curved section has a reinforcing rib on the side away from the pipe, and the reinforcing rib is located on two opposite sides of the arc-shaped profile of the curved section.
[0015] The reinforcing rib extends toward the connecting section and to the top of the connecting section.
[0016] The locking component includes a fastener and a locking element. The connecting section has a mounting hole. One end of the fastener passes through the mounting hole and engages with the locking element, while the other end abuts against the connecting section.
[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by this application are as follows:
[0018] 1. This application utilizes multiple protruding teeth within the mounting groove. By setting an abutment section that engages with these teeth, when the locking element locks the two connecting sections, and when the locking element locks the connecting sections of the two clamping components, the abutment section precisely meshes with the protruding teeth, improving the clamping assembly's resistance to external impacts. Simultaneously, the engagement between the protruding teeth and the abutment section provides reliable lateral constraint, preventing pipe displacement and ensuring the accuracy of the wiring layout. Furthermore, by using multiple protruding teeth, it can flexibly adapt to pipes of different diameters, maintaining a stable engagement even when adjusting the clamping position, thus enhancing the fixing strength and reliability of the assembled pipe clamp and ensuring the accuracy of the wiring layout.
[0019] 2. As a preferred embodiment of this application, by setting the protruding tooth on the side of the slot section facing the lower horizontal groove, the space formed by the slot section, the lower horizontal groove and the transition section is used as the operation guide space. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the clamping component, after the abutting section moves towards the lower horizontal groove and disengages from the original protruding tooth, it can quickly align with the adjacent protruding tooth and re-clamp with the help of the space margin, which improves the efficiency of assembly and maintenance, and at the same time ensures the matching accuracy of the abutting section and the protruding tooth after each adjustment.
[0020] Furthermore, the limiting section is moved in the lower transverse groove, which allows for position adjustment along the length of the groove. It also forms a reliable positioning constraint by abutting against the protruding teeth, optimizing the clamping process of the pipe. By setting a gap fit between the moving section and the upper narrow groove, the movement of the limiting section is guided, ensuring the overall stability of the abutting section's movement. At the same time, the gap avoids movement interference, allowing the clamping assembly to flexibly adjust its position within the installation groove to adapt to different pipes or installation requirements. After locking, the pipe can be firmly fixed by the abutting between the limiting section and the protruding teeth.
[0021] 3. As a preferred embodiment of this application, by setting the curved section and connecting section to fit the outer contour of the pipe, the arc structure increases the contact area with the pipe, avoiding pipe damage caused by excessive local pressure, and enhancing the fixing effect through the friction generated by the fit. Simultaneously, the extension section connects the curved section and the abutment section, forming a continuous force transmission path between the clamping section, the abutment section, and the connecting section. When the locking element tightens the connecting section, the force can be transmitted to the abutment section through the curved section and the extension section, causing the abutment section to tightly engage with the protruding teeth, achieving synchronous linkage between clamping the pipe and fixing it. The clamping section can adapt to pipes of different diameters (through the curvature of the curved section) and efficiently converts the locking force into clamping force on the pipe and clamping force on the mounting groove, significantly improving the overall fastening performance of the pipe clamp.
[0022] Furthermore, by setting the width of the extension section to be greater than the width of the moving section, the connection strength between the clamping section and the abutting section is improved, which can disperse the reaction force of the pipeline on the bending section, ensure that the clamping force is stably transmitted to the abutting section, and improve the reliability of the abutting section and the toothed engagement.
[0023] 4. As a preferred embodiment of this application, by having multiple protruding teeth arranged sequentially at intervals along the length of the mounting groove, the clamping component can select the appropriate position of the protruding teeth for engagement according to the requirements such as the length of the pipe and the installation spacing, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the clamping position.
[0024] 5. As a preferred embodiment of this application, the bending section is further enhanced by setting reinforcing ribs to avoid long-term deformation, maintain a tight fit with the pipe, and ensure stable clamping force.
[0025] Furthermore, by setting reinforcing ribs that extend towards the connecting section and to the top of the connecting section, a reinforcing structure is formed that runs through the clamping section and the connecting section, improving the bending resistance of the connecting section and converting the locking force more evenly into the clamping force on the pipe, thereby enhancing the durability and stability of the assembled pipe clamp.
[0026] 6. In a preferred embodiment of this application, pressure is applied to the connecting section by setting the abutting end of the fastener, which causes the connecting sections of the two oppositely arranged clamping members to move closer to each other, thereby driving the clamping section to tighten to tightly wrap the pipe. At the same time, the abutting section and the protruding teeth of the mounting groove form a more secure engagement, improving the smoothness of pipe fixing. Attached Figure Description
[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the assembled pipe clamp and the pipe according to one embodiment of this application;
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping component according to one embodiment of this application;
[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the locking member and the clamping member according to one embodiment of this application.
[0031] List of components and reference numerals:
[0032] 1. Fixing component; 11. Mounting groove; 111. Upper narrow groove; 1111. Groove section; 112. Transition section; 113. Lower horizontal groove; 12. Raised tooth; 2. Clamping assembly; 21. Clamping component; 211. Connecting section; 2111. Mounting hole; 212. Abutment section; 2121. Limiting section; 2122. Moving section; 213. Clamping section; 2131. Bending section; 2132. Extension section; 22. Locking component; 221. Fastener; 222. Locking element; 23. Reinforcing rib; 3. Pipeline. Detailed Implementation
[0033] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of this application, a detailed explanation is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0034] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of this application and the features thereof can be combined with each other.
[0035] Furthermore, it should be understood in the description of this application that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
[0036] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the "above" or "below" of the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an assembled pipe clamp includes a fixing member 1 fixed to an installation position and a clamping assembly 2. The fixing member 1 is provided with an installation groove 11. The clamping assembly 2 is detachably installed in the installation groove 11. The installation groove 11 is provided with a plurality of protruding teeth 12. The clamping assembly 2 includes two clamping members 21 arranged opposite to each other and a locking member 22 connecting the two clamping members 21. The clamping member 21 includes a connecting section 211 that cooperates with the locking member 22, an abutting section 212 that cooperates with the installation groove 11, and a clamping section 213 for clamping a pipe 3. One end of the clamping section 213 is connected to the connecting section 211, and the other end is connected to the abutting section 212. The clamping assembly 2 clamps the pipe 3 and installs it in the installation groove 11. The two clamping sections 213 abut against the pipe 3. The locking member 22 locks the two connecting sections 211 so that the abutting section 212 engages with the protruding teeth 12.
[0039] This application incorporates multiple protruding teeth 12 within the mounting groove 11. By setting an abutment section 212 that engages with the protruding teeth 12, when the locking member 22 locks the two connecting sections 211, and when the locking member 22 locks the connecting sections 211 of the two clamping members 21, the abutment section 212 precisely engages with the protruding teeth 12, improving the clamping assembly 2's resistance to external impacts. Simultaneously, the engagement between the protruding teeth 12 and the abutment section 212 provides reliable lateral constraint, preventing pipe 3 displacement and ensuring the accuracy of the wiring layout. Furthermore, by incorporating multiple protruding teeth 12, it can flexibly adapt to pipes 3 of different diameters, maintaining a stable engagement even when adjusting the clamping position, thus enhancing the fixing strength and reliability of the assembled pipe clamp and ensuring the accuracy of the wiring layout.
[0040] In this application, the engagement between the abutment section 212 and the protruding tooth 12 can be any of the following embodiments:
[0041] Implementation method one: such as Figure 1 As shown, the abutting section 212 is engaged between two adjacent protrusions 12. The two protrusions 12 restrict the movement of the abutting section 212 away from the pipe 3, and also prevent the abutting section 212 from being displaced toward the pipe 3 by external force. This avoids excessive clamping force caused by the displacement of the abutting section 212 toward the pipe 3, which could damage the pipe 3.
[0042] Implementation Method 2: This implementation method is not illustrated. The protruding teeth are set on the side of the abutting section away from the pipe. The abutting sections of the two clamping members are between the two protruding teeth. The protruding teeth limit the displacement of the abutting section away from the pipe, thereby achieving stable clamping of the pipe.
[0043] As a preferred embodiment of this application: (e.g.) Figure 1 As shown, the mounting groove 11 is a T-shaped groove. The mounting groove 11 includes an upper narrow groove 111, a transition section 112, and a lower horizontal groove 113. The transition section 112 connects the upper narrow groove 111 and the lower horizontal groove 113. The upper narrow groove 111 includes a groove section 1111 connected to the transition section 112. There are two groove sections 1111, which are arranged relatively alternately. The protruding teeth 12 are arranged on the side of the groove section 1111 facing the lower horizontal groove 113.
[0044] By setting the protruding tooth 12 on the side of the slot section 1111 facing the lower transverse groove 113, the space formed by the slot section 1111, the lower transverse groove 113, and the transition section 112 is used as the operation guide space. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the clamping component 2, after the abutting section 212 moves towards the lower transverse groove 113 and disengages from the original protruding tooth 12, it can quickly align with the adjacent protruding tooth 12 and re-clamp with the help of the space margin, which improves the efficiency of assembly and maintenance, and at the same time ensures the matching accuracy of the abutting section 212 and the protruding tooth 12 after each adjustment.
[0045] As a preferred embodiment of implementation method three: such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the abutting section 212 includes a limiting section 2121 that is movably disposed in the lower transverse groove 113 and a moving section 2122 that is clearance-fitted with the upper narrow groove 111. The limiting section 2121 is used to abut against the protruding tooth 12.
[0046] The limiting section 2121 is movable and set in the lower transverse groove 113. The position can be adjusted along the length of the groove by utilizing the space of the lower transverse groove 113. It can also form a reliable positioning constraint by abutting with the protruding tooth 12, thus optimizing the clamping process of the pipe 3. By setting a gap fit between the moving section 2122 and the upper narrow groove 111, the movement of the limiting section 2121 is guided, ensuring the overall stability of the movement of the abutting section 212. At the same time, the gap is reserved to avoid movement interference. This allows the clamping component 2 to flexibly adjust its position in the installation groove 11 to adapt to different pipes 3 or installation requirements. After locking, the pipe 3 can be firmly fixed by the abutting of the limiting section 2121 and the protruding tooth 12.
[0047] As a preferred specific example under Embodiment 1: such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the limiting segment 2121 extends along the width direction of the lower transverse groove 113 to engage with the protruding teeth 12 disposed on the two slotted segments 1111. The protruding teeth 12 of the two slotted segments 1111 provide a stable constraint for the limiting segment 2121, improve the support effect of the fastener 1 on the limiting segment 2121, and thus improve the clamping effect of the assembled pipe clamp on the pipe 3.
[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the clamping section 213 includes a curved section 2131 connected to the connecting section 211 and an extension section 2132 connected to the abutting section 212. The curved section 2131 can conform to the outer contour of the pipe 3. By setting the curved section 2131 to be connected to the connecting section 211 and conforming to the outer contour of the pipe 3, the contact area with the pipe 3 is increased through the arc structure. This avoids damage to the pipe 3 caused by excessive local pressure and enhances the fixing effect through the friction generated by the contact. At the same time, the extension section 2132 connects the curved section 2131 and the abutting section 212, so that the clamping section 213, the abutting section 212 and the connecting section 211 form a continuous force transmission path. When the locking member 22 tightens the connecting section 211, the force can be transmitted to the abutting section 212 through the curved section 2131 and the extension section 2132, causing the abutting section 212 to be tightly engaged with the tooth 12, realizing the synchronous linkage of clamping the pipe 3 and fixing. The clamping section 213 can adapt to pipes 3 of different diameters (by fitting the curved section 2131), and can efficiently convert the locking force into clamping force on the pipe 3 and snapping force on the mounting groove 11, greatly improving the overall fastening performance of the pipe clamp.
[0049] As a preferred option, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the width of the extension section 2132 is greater than the width of the moving section 2122. By setting the width of the extension section 2132 to be greater than the width of the moving section 2122, the connection strength between the clamping section 213 and the abutting section 212 is improved. This can disperse the reaction force of the pipe 3 on the bending section 2131, ensure that the clamping force is stably transmitted to the abutting section 212, and improve the reliability of the engagement between the abutting section 212 and the protrusion 12.
[0050] As a preferred embodiment of this application (not shown), the abutment section is detachably disposed on the clamping section. A connecting rod is provided at the end of the abutment section opposite to the mounting groove, and the abutment section has a connecting hole that mates with the connecting rod; the connecting rod is threadedly connected to the connecting hole. By detachably disposing of the abutment section on the clamping section, a suitable abutment section can be selected according to different types of mounting grooves, increasing the range of applicable scenarios for the assembled pipe clamp. Those skilled in the art will understand that the abutment section can also be detachably disposed on the clamping section by means of snap-fitting between the abutment section and the clamping section, or by magnetically connecting the abutment section and the clamping section.
[0051] As a preferred embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, multiple protruding teeth 12 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length of the mounting groove 11. By arranging multiple protruding teeth 12 sequentially at intervals along the length of the mounting groove 11, the clamping assembly 2 can select the appropriate position of the protruding teeth 12 for engagement according to the requirements of the length of the pipe 3, the installation spacing, etc., to achieve precise adjustment of the clamping position.
[0052] As a preferred embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the clamping section 213 includes a curved section 2131 connected to the connecting section 211 and an extension section 2132 connected to the abutting section 212. The curved section 2131 has a reinforcing rib 23 on the side facing away from the pipe 3, and the reinforcing rib 23 is located on two opposite side edges of the arc-shaped profile of the curved section 2131. By providing the reinforcing rib 23, the deformation resistance of the curved section 2131 is further improved, preventing long-term deformation, maintaining a tight fit with the pipe 3, and ensuring stable clamping force.
[0053] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the reinforcing rib 23 extends toward the connecting section 211 and to the top of the connecting section 211. By setting the reinforcing rib 23 to extend toward the connecting section 211 and to the top of the connecting section 211, a reinforcing structure is formed that runs through the clamping section 213 and the connecting section 211, improving the bending resistance of the connecting section 211 and enabling the locking force to be more evenly converted into the clamping force on the pipe 3, thereby improving the durability and stability of the assembled pipe clamp.
[0054] As a preferred embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the locking member 22 includes a fastener 221 and a locking member 222. The connecting section 211 has a mounting hole 2111. One end of the fastener 221 passes through the mounting hole 2111 and engages with the locking member 222, while the other end abuts against the connecting section 211. Preferably, the fastener 221 is a head bolt, and the locking member 222 is a nut, with the locking member 222 abutting against the connecting section 211. By applying pressure to the connecting section 211 through the abutting end of the fastener 221, the connecting sections 211 of the two opposing clamping members 21 are brought closer together, thereby causing the clamping section 213 to tighten and tightly wrap the pipe 3. At the same time, the abutting section 212 forms a more secure engagement with the protrusion 12 of the mounting groove 11, improving the smoothness of pipe 3 fixation.
[0055] For any parts not mentioned in this application, existing technologies may be used or referenced.
[0056] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.
[0057] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A prefabricated pipe clamp, characterized in that, The device includes a fixing member fixed to an installation position and a clamping assembly. The fixing member has an installation groove, and the clamping assembly is detachably mounted in the installation groove. The installation groove has multiple protruding teeth. The clamping assembly includes two opposing clamping members and a locking member connecting the two clamping members. Each clamping member includes a connecting section that mates with the locking member, an abutting section that mates with the installation groove, and a clamping section for clamping a pipe. One end of each clamping section is connected to the connecting section, and the other end is connected to the abutting section. The clamping assembly clamps the pipe and installs it in the installation groove. The two clamping sections abut against the pipe, and the locking member locks the two connecting sections so that the abutting section engages with the protruding teeth.
2. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting groove includes an upper narrow groove, a transition section, and a lower horizontal groove. The transition section connects the upper narrow groove and the lower horizontal groove. The upper narrow groove includes a slot section connected to the transition section. The slot section has two slots, and the protruding teeth are provided on the side of the slot section facing the lower horizontal groove.
3. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 2, characterized in that, The abutting section includes a limiting section that is movably disposed in the lower transverse groove and a moving section that is gap-fitted with the upper narrow groove. The limiting section is used to abut against the protruding tooth.
4. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting segment extends along the width direction of the lower transverse groove to engage with the protruding teeth disposed on the two groove segments.
5. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 4, characterized in that, The clamping section includes a curved section connected to the connecting section and an extension section connected to the abutting section, the curved section being able to conform to the outer contour of the pipe.
6. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the extension segment is greater than the width of the moving segment.
7. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of protruding teeth are arranged sequentially at intervals along the length of the mounting groove.
8. The assembled pipe clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping section includes a curved section connected to the connecting section and an extension section connected to the abutting section. The curved section is provided with a reinforcing rib on the side away from the pipe. The reinforcing rib is provided on two opposite side edges of the arc-shaped profile of the curved section.
9. A prefabricated pipe clamp according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reinforcing rib extends toward the connecting segment and to the top of the connecting segment.
10. A prefabricated pipe clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking component includes a fastener and a locking element. The connecting section is provided with a mounting hole. One end of the fastener passes through the mounting hole and engages with the locking element, while the other end abuts against the connecting section.