Exhaust structure, battery pack shell, battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack shell, a battery pack and an electric equipment. It relates to the technical field of batteries. The exhaust structure comprises a first shell, a filter, a filling piece and a suction accessory. The first shell has an exhaust passage; the filter, the filling piece and the suction accessory are located in the exhaust passage. The filling piece is used for heat absorption and / or heat insulation; along the airflow flow direction of the exhaust passage, the filter, the filling piece and the suction accessory are sequentially arranged. The exhaust structure provided by the embodiment of the application sequentially arranges the filter, the filling piece and the suction accessory, filters, absorbs heat / insulates, and adsorbs high-temperature airflow such as smoke airflow, realizes multiple purification of the smoke airflow, reduces particles and harmful chemical substances in the smoke airflow, and reduces visible smoke discharged into the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the safety of power batteries has become an increasingly important concern. When a power battery experiences thermal runaway, it produces a large amount of white smoke.

[0003] In related technologies, a pressure relief valve or exhaust channel is installed on the battery pack to directly discharge the thermal runaway flue gas into the environment.

[0004] However, thermal runaway battery packs have the problem of large emissions of visible smoke. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. By sequentially arranging a filter, a filler, and an adsorption element, the exhaust structure filters, absorbs / insulates heat, and adsorbs smoke airflow, achieving multiple purifications of the smoke airflow and reducing visible smoke emitted into the environment.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an exhaust structure, comprising:

[0007] The first housing has an exhaust channel;

[0008] Filter components;

[0009] Filler, used for heat absorption and / or insulation;

[0010] The adsorption element, filter element, filler element, and adsorption element are all located in the exhaust channel, and are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the first housing has a first air inlet and an exhaust outlet communicating with an exhaust passage.

[0012] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, the filter element is positioned closer to the first air inlet than the adsorbent element, and the adsorbent element is positioned closer to the exhaust outlet than the filter element; the filler element is positioned between the filter element and the filler element.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a second housing located in the exhaust channel.

[0014] A filter element is disposed between the first housing and the second housing. The second housing has a second receiving cavity for accommodating the filler element.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust structure further includes a third housing located within the second accommodating cavity. The third housing forms the third accommodating cavity, which is used to accommodate the adsorption element.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, a first air inlet is provided on the first housing; the first air inlet is connected to an exhaust channel; a second air inlet is provided on the second housing; and a third air inlet is provided on the third housing.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the first housing, the second housing, and the third housing are all cylindrical, and the first housing, the second housing, and the third housing are coaxially arranged.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the first housing has a first end cap and a side wall that are interconnected; the first end cap and the side wall surround to form an exhaust channel; a pressure relief element is provided on the side of the side wall opposite to the first end cap.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of first openings are formed on the sidewall, and the plurality of first openings form a first air inlet.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the first end cap has a plurality of second openings, which form a first air inlet.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, the sidewall includes a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall connected end to end.

[0022] Along the first direction, the first sidewall and the third sidewall are arranged opposite to each other; along the second direction, the second sidewall and the fourth sidewall are arranged opposite to each other.

[0023] A first opening is provided on the first sidewall and / or the third sidewall.

[0024] The first and second directions intersect.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the second housing has a fifth sidewall, a sixth sidewall, and a second end cap, with the fifth sidewall and the sixth sidewall disposed opposite to each other along a first direction.

[0026] The fifth sidewall and the sixth sidewall are connected by the second end cap, and the fifth sidewall, the sixth sidewall and the second end cap surround each other to form the second receiving cavity.

[0027] The fifth and sixth sidewalls have second air inlets formed at the ends near the filter element. The second air inlets are positioned opposite to the first air inlet of the first housing.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the third housing is a plate-like structure, and the second end cap and the third housing are disposed opposite to each other along the third direction; the third housing is used to connect the fifth side wall and the sixth side wall.

[0029] In some embodiments of this application, a third housing, a fifth sidewall, and a sixth sidewall surround to form a third receiving cavity, which is located on the side of the third housing opposite to the second end cap.

[0030] The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction intersect with each other.

[0031] In some embodiments of this application, along a third direction, the fifth sidewall has a first end, a first middle section and a second end connected in sequence, the first end and the second end cap are connected, and the first middle section and the third shell are connected.

[0032] Along the third direction, the sixth sidewall has a third end, a second middle section and a fourth end connected in sequence, the third end and the second end cap are connected, and the second middle section and the third shell are connected.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, both the second and third housings are plate-like structures.

[0034] The second and third housings are spaced apart along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0035] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel, the second housing and sidewalls surround to form a second receiving cavity; the second receiving cavity is located on the side of the second housing opposite to the first end cap.

[0036] The third housing and sidewalls surround to form a third receiving cavity, which is located on the side of the third housing opposite to the second housing.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the second housing is formed with a plurality of third openings; the plurality of third openings form a second air inlet.

[0038] The third housing has multiple fourth openings; the multiple fourth openings form a third air inlet.

[0039] In some embodiments of this application, the air intake areas of the first air intake, the second air intake, and the third air intake decrease sequentially.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the diameter of the third opening is larger than that of the fourth opening.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, both the filter element and the filler element are porous structures.

[0042] The filter element has a first pore diameter, and the filler element has a second pore diameter, wherein the size of the first pore diameter is larger than the size of the second pore diameter.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, both the filler and the adsorption element are porous structures.

[0044] The pores of the filler have a second pore diameter, and the pores of the adsorption element have a third pore diameter; the size of the second pore diameter is larger than the size of the third pore diameter.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the first aperture is P1, and P1 satisfies: 200μm≤P1≤500μm.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, P1 satisfies: 200μm≤P1≤300μm.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, the second aperture is P2, where P2 satisfies: 50μm≤P2≤150μm.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, P2 satisfies: 70μm≤P2≤120μm.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, the third aperture is P3, where P3 satisfies: 0.1μm≤P3≤2μm.

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, P3 satisfies: 0.5μm≤P3≤1μm.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the filter element includes a filter screen or a sieve.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the filter or screen includes 316L, Fe3Al, or FeCrAl.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the filler includes inorganic filter media.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the inorganic filter material includes ceramic fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, or porous alumina.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the material of the adsorption element includes needle-punched fiberglass felt or organic fiber.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the adsorption element is A, where A satisfies: 2mm≤A≤50mm.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, A satisfies: 10mm≤A≤30mm.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, the diameter of the first opening is B, where B satisfies: 0.5mm≤B≤2mm.

[0059] And / or, the diameter of the second opening is C, where C satisfies: 0.5mm≤C≤2mm.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the diameter of the third opening is D, where D satisfies: 0.3mm≤D≤2mm.

[0061] And / or, the diameter of the fourth opening is E, where E satisfies: 0.2mm≤E≤1.9mm.

[0062] In some embodiments of this application, the mesh size of the filter or sieve is F, where F satisfies: 100 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, F satisfies: 200 mesh ≤ F ≤ 400 mesh.

[0064] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack housing, including the housing and the aforementioned venting structure.

[0065] In some embodiments of this application, the housing includes a tray body, the tray body having a tray cavity for accommodating the battery assembly.

[0066] The first air inlet of the exhaust channel of the exhaust structure is connected to the tray cavity, and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

[0067] In some embodiments of this application, the housing includes a tray body, the tray body forming a tray cavity for accommodating a battery assembly; the tray body includes a side beam, the side beam forming a side beam air inlet, a side beam exhaust outlet and a first cavity, the side beam air inlet and the side beam exhaust outlet are both connected to the first cavity; the side beam air inlet is connected to the tray cavity.

[0068] The exhaust structure is located at the exhaust port of the side beam.

[0069] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, including:

[0070] Battery components;

[0071] Battery pack housing, with a tray cavity for accommodating battery components;

[0072] Alternatively, the battery pack may include a venting structure.

[0073] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery pack.

[0074] This application provides an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure includes a first housing filter, a filler, and an adsorption element. The first housing has an exhaust channel; the filter, filler, and adsorption element are all located in the exhaust channel. The filler is used for heat absorption and / or heat insulation; the filter, filler, and adsorption element are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0075] Filters are used to remove high-temperature airflow entering the exhaust system, such as particulate matter and impurities in the smoke stream. Packing materials are used to absorb heat from the smoke stream, lowering the gas temperature and promoting condensation. Adsorbents are used to adsorb the condensed portion of the smoke stream, as well as volatile organic compounds and other gaseous pollutants in the airflow.

[0076] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment filters, absorbs / insulates heat, and adsorbs smoke airflow by sequentially setting filter, filler, and adsorber, thereby achieving multiple purification of smoke airflow, reducing particulate matter and harmful chemicals in the smoke airflow, and reducing visible smoke emitted into the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0077] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0078] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0079] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0080] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0081] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0082] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 2 of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0083] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 2 of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0084] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 2 of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0085] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 2 of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0086] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second housing of the exhaust structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0087] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the third housing of the exhaust structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0088] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 3 of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0089] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 3 of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0090] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the exhaust structure provided in Embodiment 3 of this application. Figure 3 .

[0091] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0092] 10: Exhaust structure; 20: Pressure relief component;

[0093] 100: First housing; 110: Exhaust passage; 120: First end cap; 130: Side wall; 131: First side wall; 132: Second side wall; 133: Third side wall; 134: Fourth side wall; 140: First opening; 150: Second opening;

[0094] 200: Filter element;

[0095] 300: Filler;

[0096] 400: Adsorption component;

[0097] 500: Second housing; 510: Second end cap; 520: Fifth side wall; 521: Sixth side wall; 530: Second accommodating cavity; 540: Third opening;

[0098] 600: Third housing; 610: Third accommodating cavity; 620: Fourth opening;

[0099] 700: Pallet body;

[0100] 800: Battery assembly;

[0101] 900: Cover body.

[0102] The accompanying drawings have illustrated specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0103] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0104] Currently, to address the smoke generated by thermal runaway of power batteries, pressure relief valves or exhaust channels are installed on the battery pack to directly discharge the smoke generated by thermal runaway into the environment.

[0105] The white fumes generated by battery thermal runaway are mainly composed of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The white fumes from thermal runaway are primarily gases from the electrolyte. These VOCs are gaseous at high temperatures, but condense into liquid or solid particles when the temperature drops below their dew point.

[0106] In some battery packs, the main body of the battery pack casing is designed with gas channels to extend the airflow path. This extends the airflow path, consumes the instantaneous pressure of the airflow, and appropriately reduces the temperature of the airflow, thus having a cooling and buffering effect and protecting the battery pack casing.

[0107] In some battery packs, at least a portion of the gas flow path in the exhaust channel of the battery pack casing is bent. The exhaust channel is used to discharge the gas flow generated during thermal runaway of the battery components to the pressure relief valve of the battery pack. By extending the gas flow path in the exhaust channel, the gas temperature flowing to the pressure relief valve area is reduced, preventing the pressure relief valve from igniting and ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery pack.

[0108] However, related technologies focus on extending the path of the thermal runaway airflow generated by the battery pack to achieve cooling and avoid the hazards caused by the high-temperature airflow. These technologies also fail to effectively control the large amounts of visible smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery pack, resulting in the continued problem of significant white smoke emissions into the environment.

[0109] In summary, thermal runaway battery packs have the problem of large emissions of visible smoke.

[0110] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide an exhaust structure, a battery pack housing, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The exhaust structure includes a first housing, a filter, a filler, and an adsorption element. The first housing has an exhaust channel; the filter, filler, and adsorption element are all located within the exhaust channel. The filler is used for heat absorption and / or heat insulation; the filter, filler, and adsorption element are sequentially arranged along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel.

[0111] Filters are used to remove high-temperature airflow entering the exhaust system, such as particulate matter and impurities in the smoke stream. Packing materials are used to absorb heat from the smoke stream, lowering the gas temperature and promoting condensation. Adsorbents are used to adsorb the condensed portion of the smoke stream, as well as volatile organic compounds and other gaseous pollutants in the airflow.

[0112] The exhaust structure provided in this application embodiment filters, absorbs / insulates heat, and adsorbs high-temperature airflow, such as smoke, by sequentially setting filter, filler, and adsorber. This achieves multiple purification of the smoke airflow, reduces particles and harmful chemicals in the smoke airflow, and reduces visible smoke emitted into the environment.

[0113] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0114] Firstly, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 11 As shown in the embodiment of this application, an exhaust structure 10 is provided, comprising:

[0115] The first housing 100 has an exhaust passage 110;

[0116] Filter element 200;

[0117] Filler 300, filler 300 is used for heat absorption and / or heat insulation;

[0118] Adsorption element 400; filter element 200, filler element 300 and adsorption element 400 are all located in the exhaust channel along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 110, and filter element 200, filler element 300 and adsorption element 400 are arranged in sequence.

[0119] In this embodiment, the exhaust structure 10 is used to filter, absorb / insulate, and adsorb the high-temperature airflow, such as smoke, emitted when the battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

[0120] Exemplarily, the first housing 100 provides a physical structure for housing and protecting the exhaust passage 110 and its internal filters 200, fillers 300, and adsorbents 400. The exhaust passage 110 of the first housing 100 is designed to ensure that the smoke flow from thermal runaway of the battery pack flows along a designed path.

[0121] In this way, the first housing 100 serves to provide support and protection for the entire exhaust structure 10, ensuring that the airflow flows under controlled conditions.

[0122] Exhaust passage 110 is the main flow path for airflow and is used to guide the flow of smoke gases generated during thermal runaway of the battery pack. By controlling the gas flow path, exhaust passage 110 helps to reduce the temperature and pressure of the smoke gases.

[0123] The filter element 200 is used to remove particulate matter and impurities from the smoke airflow. By incorporating the filter element 200, the exhaust structure 10 can reduce solid particles in visible smoke, thereby reducing the concentration of smoke emitted into the environment.

[0124] The filler 300 can be a heat-absorbing layer with heat-absorbing function, used to absorb heat from the smoke flow, reduce the gas temperature, and promote smoke condensation. Alternatively, the filler 300 can be a heat-insulating layer with heat-insulating function, preventing and reducing heat transfer and avoiding the transfer of high temperatures from inside the battery pack to the exhaust structure. Furthermore, the filler 300 can be a filler layer that simultaneously has heat-absorbing and heat-insulating functions to further improve the thermal management effect of the gas.

[0125] The adsorbent 400 is used to adsorb the condensation part of the smoke flow and volatile organic compounds and other gaseous pollutants in the flow.

[0126] For example, after the smoke stream enters the exhaust channel 110 of the exhaust structure 10, the smoke stream first passes through the filter 200, thereby reducing solid particles and impurities in the smoke stream. These particles are one of the main components of visible smoke, and by reducing solid particles and impurities, the concentration and visibility of the smoke can be reduced.

[0127] After filtration, the flue gas flow enters the packing element 300. The packing element 300 absorbs heat from the flue gas flow, lowering the gas temperature. This not only reduces the gas volume and pressure but also promotes the condensation of certain components in the flue gas flow into liquid or solid particles, thereby reducing the amount of gaseous pollutants. Simultaneously, the packing element 300 can prevent and reduce heat transfer.

[0128] Finally, the airflow passes through the adsorbent 400. The adsorbent 400 is specifically designed to adsorb the condensed portion of the airflow, as well as volatile organic compounds and other gaseous pollutants. This step further purifies the airflow and reduces the emission of harmful chemicals.

[0129] The exhaust structure 10 provided in this application embodiment filters, absorbs / insulates heat, and adsorbs smoke airflow by sequentially arranging a filter element 200, a filler element 300, and an adsorbent element 400. The exhaust structure 10 achieves multiple purification of the airflow, reducing particles and harmful chemicals in the smoke airflow before it is discharged into the environment, reducing visible smoke and harmful gases discharged into the environment, reducing the negative impact on air quality, and improving environmental protection performance.

[0130] As one possible implementation, the first housing 100 has a first air inlet and an exhaust outlet that communicate with the exhaust passage 110.

[0131] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 110, the filter element 200 is positioned relative to the adsorption element 400 and closer to the first air inlet, while the adsorption element 400 is positioned relative to the filter element 200 and closer to the exhaust port; the filler element 300 is positioned between the filter element 200 and the filler element 300.

[0132] For example, the first air inlet is located at the beginning of the exhaust channel 110 and is used to receive the smoke flow generated during thermal runaway of the battery pack.

[0133] The exhaust port is located at the end of the exhaust channel 110 and is used to discharge the airflow purified by the treatment components into the environment.

[0134] The filter element 200 is positioned near the first air inlet. Since the filter element 200 is the first component encountered by the airflow after entering the exhaust channel 110, its main function is to reduce solid particles and impurities in the airflow, thereby reducing the concentration of visible smoke.

[0135] The filler 300 is disposed between the filter element 200 and the adsorption element 400. The function of the filler 300 is to absorb heat in the flue gas flow, lower the gas temperature, and promote the condensation of certain components, thereby reducing the amount of gaseous pollutants. At the same time, the filler 300 has a heat insulation function, which can prevent and reduce heat transfer.

[0136] The adsorbent 400 is positioned near the exhaust port. The adsorbent 400 is used to adsorb condensate, volatile organic compounds, and other gaseous pollutants from the airflow, further purifying the airflow.

[0137] By arranging the filter element 200, the filler element 300, and the adsorbent element 400 in that order, the flue gas stream is progressively purified before being discharged into the environment. The filter element 200, the filler element 300, and the adsorbent element 400 function effectively in their respective positions, ensuring the high efficiency of the purification process.

[0138] In one possible implementation, the exhaust structure 10 further includes a second housing 500 located in the exhaust passage 110. A second air inlet is provided on the second housing 500.

[0139] A filter element 200 is disposed between the first housing 100 and the second housing 500; the second housing 500 forms a second receiving cavity 530 for accommodating the filler element 300.

[0140] Exemplarily, the second housing 500 has a second receiving cavity 530 specifically designed to accommodate the filler 300, ensuring its effective absorption of heat from the airflow. The filler 300 is located within the second receiving cavity 530 of the second housing 500. The filler 300 absorbs heat from the airflow, lowers the gas temperature, and promotes the condensation of certain components, thereby reducing the amount of gaseous contaminants.

[0141] In one possible implementation, the exhaust structure 10 further includes a third housing 600 located in the second accommodating cavity 530; a third air inlet is provided on the third housing 600. The third housing 600 forms a third accommodating cavity 610 for accommodating the adsorption member 400.

[0142] For example, the third accommodating cavity 610 provides a dedicated space for the adsorbent 400, enabling it to effectively contact the airflow and maximize its ability to adsorb volatile organic compounds and other gaseous pollutants. By placing the adsorbent 400 within the third accommodating cavity 610, the flow path and speed of the airflow can be better controlled, ensuring that the adsorbent material of the adsorbent 400 has sufficient contact time with the airflow.

[0143] As one feasible implementation, the first housing 100, the second housing 500 and the third housing 600 are all cylindrical and are coaxially arranged.

[0144] For example, by coaxially arranging the first housing 100, the second housing 500, and the third housing 600, airflow can sequentially pass through the filter element 200, the filler element 300, and the adsorption element 400 along a straight path. This design simplifies the airflow path, reduces flow resistance, and improves purification efficiency. Simultaneously, the cylindrical coaxial design makes the entire exhaust structure 10 more compact, occupying less space, and suitable for applications in confined spaces.

[0145] As one feasible implementation method, refer to Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 13As shown, the first housing 100 has a first end cap 120 and a side wall 130 connected to each other; the first end cap 120 and the side wall 130 surround to form an exhaust channel 110; a pressure relief member 20 is provided on the side of the side wall 130 opposite to the first end cap 120.

[0146] For example, the exhaust passage 110 is formed by the first end cap 120 and the side wall 130. The exhaust passage 110 is the main flow path of the airflow, ensuring that the airflow can pass smoothly through the various components.

[0147] The pressure relief element 20 is disposed on the side wall 130 opposite to the first end cover 120. The pressure relief element 20 is used to release pressure when the internal pressure of the exhaust structure 10 is too high, preventing the first housing 100 from rupturing or other safety accidents. The pressure relief element 20 provides a safe release path to deal with unexpected high-pressure situations.

[0148] A mounting panel is provided on the side wall 130 opposite to the first end cover 120. The mounting panel has a through hole, and threaded blind holes can be arranged on both sides of the through hole. The pressure relief component 20 can be installed on the mounting panel by bolting, welding, riveting, etc.

[0149] Understandably, the pressure relief component 20 is located on the side of the exhaust structure 10 away from the battery pack.

[0150] For example, the pressure relief component 20 can be an explosion-proof valve, such as a waterproof and breathable valve. It is understood that the pressure relief component 20 can also be other structural components with waterproof, breathable, and rapid venting functions.

[0151] As one feasible implementation method, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the sidewall 130 has a plurality of first openings 140, which together form a first air inlet.

[0152] For example, a plurality of first openings 140 are formed on the sidewall 130, which together constitute a first air inlet. These first openings 140 allow airflow to enter the exhaust passage 110 from the sidewall 130.

[0153] As one feasible implementation method, refer to Figure 9 As shown, the first end cap 120 has a plurality of second openings 150, which form a first air inlet.

[0154] For example, the first end cap 120 also has a plurality of second openings 150, which also form a first air inlet. These second openings 150 allow airflow to enter the exhaust passage 110 from the end cap direction, ensuring multi-directional airflow and improving airflow entry efficiency.

[0155] The second housing 500 has a plurality of third openings 540; the plurality of third openings 540 form a second air inlet. By providing a plurality of third openings 540 on the second housing 500, the smoke airflow is made to enter the second receiving cavity 530 evenly, thereby optimizing the performance of the filler 300.

[0156] The third housing 600 has a plurality of fourth openings 620; the plurality of fourth openings 620 form a third air inlet. By providing a plurality of fourth openings 620 on the third housing 600, the smoke airflow is made to enter the third receiving cavity 610 evenly, thereby optimizing the performance of the filler 300.

[0157] The air intake area of ​​the first, second, and third air intakes decreases sequentially.

[0158] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel 110, the smoke airflow first passes through the first air inlet and contacts the filter element 200, then passes through the second air inlet and contacts the filler element 300, and then passes through the third air inlet and contacts the adsorbent element 400.

[0159] By setting the intake areas of the first, second, and third air inlets to gradually decrease, the airflow velocity can be effectively controlled. As airflow passes through each air inlet, for the same intake volume, the airflow velocity increases, and the outlet pressure increases. This helps to form a controlled airflow path within the exhaust structure 10. Furthermore, the increased velocity leads to a rise in local pressure, thereby indirectly promoting the opening of the pressure relief component 20.

[0160] Among them, the air intake area refers to the effective cross-sectional area of ​​fluid entering a system or equipment.

[0161] By setting up a first housing 100, a second housing 500, and a third housing 600, and respectively setting a first opening 140 or a second opening 150 on the first housing 100, a third opening 540 on the second housing 500, and a fourth opening 620 on the third housing 600, the thermal runaway flue gas can only flow along the path of the filter element 200, the filler element 300, and the adsorbent element 400, so as to give full play to the effect of each structural layer.

[0162] In one embodiment, reference is made to... Figures 2 to 4 As shown, a first opening 140 is provided on the side wall 130. The first opening 140 forms a first air inlet. By providing the first opening 140 on the side wall 130, the exhaust structure 10 can receive airflow. The first opening 140 not only allows smoke to enter the exhaust channel 110, but also plays a preliminary filtration role. The first opening 140 can capture and remove large particles carried in the thermal runaway airflow, reducing the burden on the subsequent filter element 200, filler element 300 and adsorption element 400, and improving the overall purification efficiency.

[0163] Both the first housing 100 and the second housing 500 are cylindrical structures. The second housing 500 is located in the exhaust channel 110 formed by the first housing 100. A filter element 200 is disposed between the first housing 100 and the second housing 500. (Refer to...) Figure 4 As shown, the bottom of the second housing 500 abuts against the first end cap 120. An annular cavity is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the second housing 500 and the inner peripheral wall of the first housing 100. The annular cavity is used to accommodate the filter element 200. The filter element 200 is annular.

[0164] The first housing 100 provides external protection, while the second housing 500 forms a second accommodating cavity 530 that provides additional protection and isolation for the filler 300, ensuring that the filler 300 operates in a controlled environment. Furthermore, the second housing 500 is located within the exhaust passage 110 of the first housing 100, achieving a compact integrated design that saves space and improves system efficiency.

[0165] The third housing 600 has a cylindrical structure. The bottom of the third housing 600 abuts against the bottom of the second housing 500. An annular cavity is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the third housing 600 and the inner peripheral wall of the second housing 500. The annular cavity is used to accommodate the filler 300. The filler 300 is annular. The third housing 600 forms a third receiving cavity 610. The third receiving cavity 610 is used to accommodate the adsorbent 400 for adsorbing the smoke condensed by the filler 300.

[0166] In another embodiment, refer to Figures 5 to 10 As shown, a first opening 140 is provided on the side wall 130. A second opening 150 is provided on the first end cap 120. The first opening 140 and the second opening 150 together form a first air inlet. By providing the first opening 140 and the second opening 150 on the side wall 130 and the first end cap 120 respectively, the exhaust structure 10 can receive airflow from multiple directions. This multi-intake path design improves the uniformity and distribution efficiency of the airflow. The design of the first opening 140 and the second opening 150 increases the total area of ​​the first air inlet, allowing a larger volume of airflow to enter the system per unit time, thereby improving the overall processing capacity of the exhaust structure 10.

[0167] The side wall 130 includes a first side wall 131, a second side wall 132, a third side wall 133, and a fourth side wall 134 connected from end to end.

[0168] Along the first direction, the first sidewall 131 and the third sidewall 133 are arranged opposite to each other; along the second direction, the second sidewall 132 and the fourth sidewall 134 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0169] The first sidewall 131 and the third sidewall 133 are arranged opposite each other along a second direction. These two sidewalls 130 are parallel to each other and provide two opposing surfaces in the structure. The second sidewall 132 and the fourth sidewall 134 are arranged opposite each other along a third direction. These two sidewalls 130 are also parallel to each other and together with the first sidewall 131 and the third sidewall 133 form a closed tetrahedral structure.

[0170] The first opening 140 is provided on one of the first sidewall 131 and the third sidewall 133. Alternatively, the first opening 140 may be provided on both the first sidewall 131 and the third sidewall 133.

[0171] By providing first openings 140 on the first end cap 120, first sidewall 131, and third sidewall 133, the first openings 140 not only allow smoke to enter the exhaust channel 110 but also serve as preliminary filters. The first openings 140 can capture and remove large particles carried in the thermal runaway airflow, reducing the burden on subsequent filter elements 200, filler elements 300, and adsorption elements 400, thus improving overall purification efficiency. By not providing first openings 140 on the second sidewall 132 and fourth sidewall 134, the structural integrity and strength of the sidewall 130 can be improved, ensuring its durability and stability under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and mitigating structural deformation or damage. In this way, combining airflow management and structural strength ensures the efficient operation and long-term durability of the exhaust structure 10.

[0172] The first and second directions intersect. The first direction is referenced... Figure 9 The direction indicated by X in the middle. The second direction is referenced. Figure 9 The direction shown is Z. The third direction is referenced. Figure 9 The direction shown in Y.

[0173] The second housing 500 is located within the exhaust passage 110 formed by the first housing 100. A filter element 200 is disposed between the first housing 100 and the second housing 500. (Refer to...) Figure 7 As shown, there is a gap between the second housing 500 and the first end cap 120. There is also a gap between the second housing 500 and the side wall 130. These gaps are used to accommodate the filter element 200. The filter element 200 is U-shaped.

[0174] The second housing 500 has a fifth side wall 520, a sixth side wall 521, and a second end cap 510, with the fifth side wall 520 and the sixth side wall 521 arranged opposite to each other along a first direction.

[0175] The fifth sidewall 520 and the sixth sidewall 521 are connected by the second end cap 510, and the fifth sidewall 520, the sixth sidewall 521 and the second end cap 510 surround to form the second receiving cavity 530.

[0176] The fifth sidewall 520 and the sixth sidewall near the filter element have a second air inlet. The second air inlet is positioned opposite to the first air inlet of the first housing 100.

[0177] The fifth sidewall 520 and the sixth sidewall 521 are arranged opposite each other along the second direction, forming the two main sides of the second receiving cavity 530. The second end cap 510 connects the fifth sidewall 520 and the sixth sidewall 521 together, forming the second receiving cavity 530. The first housing 100 provides external protection, while the second housing 500 provides additional protection and isolation for the filler 300, ensuring the components operate in a controlled environment. Simultaneously, the design of the second housing 500 allows for flexible configuration of different components within the exhaust channel 110, such as arranging the filler 300 within the second receiving cavity 530, optimizing airflow paths and the purification process.

[0178] Furthermore, the second housing 500 is located in the exhaust passage 110 of the first housing 100, achieving a compact integrated design that saves space and improves system efficiency.

[0179] The structure of the second housing 500 is similar to that of the first housing 100. The second housing 500 may also include a seventh sidewall and an eighth sidewall, with the fifth sidewall 520 and the sixth sidewall 521 arranged opposite to each other, and the seventh sidewall and the eighth sidewall arranged opposite to each other.

[0180] The third housing 600 is a plate-like structure. Along the third direction, the second end cap 510 and the third housing 600 are arranged opposite to each other. The third housing 600 is used to connect the fifth side wall 520 and the sixth side wall 521.

[0181] The third housing 600, the fifth sidewall 520, and the sixth sidewall 521 surround to form a third receiving cavity 610, which is located on the side of the third housing 600 away from the second end cap 510.

[0182] The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction intersect with each other.

[0183] The third housing 600 is used to connect the fifth sidewall 520 and the sixth sidewall 521, providing additional structural support and stability.

[0184] Reference Figure 7 As shown, the plate-like third housing 600 divides the second accommodating cavity 530 into two parts, and the part between the second end cap 510 and the third housing 600 is used to accommodate the filler 300.

[0185] The third housing 600, the fifth sidewall 520, and the sixth sidewall 521 surround to form a third accommodating cavity 610, which is located on the side of the third housing 600 opposite to the second end cap 510. The third accommodating cavity 610 is used to accommodate the adsorption element 400 for adsorbing smoke condensed by the filler 300.

[0186] Reference Figure 10 As shown, along the third direction, the fifth sidewall 520 has a first end, a first middle section and a second end connected in sequence, the first end and the second end cap 510 are connected, and the first middle section and the third housing 600 are connected.

[0187] Along the third direction, the sixth sidewall 521 has a third end, a second middle section and a fourth end connected in sequence, the third end and the second end cap 510 are connected, and the second middle section and the third housing 600 are connected.

[0188] The first end of the fifth sidewall 520 connects to the second end cap 510, forming the starting point of the sidewall 130. The first middle section connects to the third housing 600, providing support and stability in the middle.

[0189] The third end of the sixth sidewall 521 connects to the second end cap 510, forming the starting point on the other side. The second middle section connects to the third housing 600, providing support and connection in the middle.

[0190] The first and second middle sections are connected to the third housing 600, providing additional central support and enhancing the rigidity and durability of the overall structure.

[0191] In yet another embodiment, reference is made to... Figures 11 to 13 As shown, a second opening 150 is provided on the first end cap 120. The second opening 150 forms a first air inlet. By providing the second opening 150 on the first end cap 120, the exhaust structure 10 can receive airflow. The second opening 150 not only allows smoke to enter the exhaust channel 110, but also plays a preliminary filtration role. The second opening 150 can capture and remove large particles carried in the thermal runaway airflow, reducing the burden on the subsequent filter element 200, filler element 300 and adsorption element 400, and improving the overall purification efficiency.

[0192] Both the second shell 500 and the third shell 600 are plate-like structures.

[0193] Along the airflow direction of the exhaust passage 110, the second housing 500 and the third housing 600 are arranged at intervals; along the airflow direction of the exhaust passage, the second housing and the third housing are arranged at intervals.

[0194] The second housing 500 and the sidewall 130 surround to form a second receiving cavity 530; the second receiving cavity 530 is located on the side of the second housing 500 opposite to the first end cap 120.

[0195] The third housing 600 and the sidewall 130 surround to form a third receiving cavity 610, which is located on the side of the third housing 600 away from the second housing 500.

[0196] Reference Figure 13 As shown, there is a gap between the bottom of the second housing 500 and the first end cap 120. The filter element 200 is located between the second housing 500 and the first end cap 120. The filter element 200 is sheet-shaped.

[0197] Both the second housing 500 and the third housing 600 are plate-like structures, providing flat surfaces to support internal components.

[0198] The second housing 500 and the sidewall 130 surround to form a second receiving cavity 530; the second receiving cavity 530 is located on the side of the second housing 500 opposite to the first end cap 120. The second receiving cavity 530 is used to receive the filler 300.

[0199] The third housing 600 and the sidewall 130 surround to form a third receiving cavity 610, which is located on the side of the third housing 600 opposite to the second housing 500. The third receiving cavity 610 is used to accommodate the adsorption member 400.

[0200] Reference Figure 8 As shown, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, a high-temperature smoke stream enters the exhaust structure 10. First, the high-temperature smoke stream enters the exhaust channel 110 through the first air inlet. The first air inlet is formed by a first opening 140 on the first sidewall 131 and the third sidewall 133, and a second opening 150 on the first end cap 120. These openings perform preliminary filtration of the high-temperature smoke stream, removing larger particles.

[0201] Subsequently, the high-temperature smoke stream comes into contact with the filter element 200 for a second filtration. The filter element 200 further removes fine particles and impurities, improving the purity of the airflow.

[0202] Subsequently, the high-temperature smoke gas leaves the filter element 200 and enters the second receiving cavity 530 of the second housing 500. Since the second housing 500 has a third opening 540, the airflow is filtered again here.

[0203] Subsequently, the high-temperature flue gas flow is heated by the packing material 300 located in the second accommodating cavity 530. The airflow temperature decreases, and some of the gas condenses.

[0204] Subsequently, the high-temperature smoke gas leaves the filler 300 and enters the third accommodating cavity 610 formed by the third housing 600. Since the third housing 600 has a fourth opening 620, the airflow is filtered again here.

[0205] Subsequently, the high-temperature flue gas flow is adsorbed by the adsorbent 400 located in the third accommodating cavity 610. Some of the condensed gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent 400, further purifying the airflow.

[0206] Finally, the high-temperature smoke stream, after undergoing multiple filtration, heat absorption / insulation, and adsorption treatments, is discharged through the pressure relief component 20 into the exhaust channel 110, ensuring safe release.

[0207] In this way, through multiple filtration, heat absorption / insulation, and adsorption processes, the high-temperature flue gas is ensured to be fully purified before being discharged.

[0208] As one feasible implementation, both the filter element 200 and the filler element 300 have a porous structure.

[0209] The filter element 200 has a first pore diameter, and the filler 300 has a second pore diameter, wherein the size of the first pore diameter is larger than the size of the second pore diameter.

[0210] For example, by setting both the filter element 200 and the filler element 300 to a porous structure, not only is the airflow permeability improved, but the contact area with the airflow is also increased, thus optimizing airflow management.

[0211] Compared to the packing element 300, the filter element 200 has a larger first pore size because the high-temperature flue gas flow contacts the filter element 200 before contacting the packing element 300 after entering the exhaust channel 110. The filter element 200 is used for preliminary filtration to remove large particles and reduce the burden on the subsequent packing element 300.

[0212] Compared to the filter element 200, the second pore size of the filler element 300 is smaller. This increases the contact area between the filler element 300 and the airflow, allowing the filler element 300 to more effectively reduce the airflow temperature and promote the condensation of some of the gas.

[0213] By designing filter elements 200 and packing elements 300 with different pore sizes, the filter elements 200 and packing elements 300 can respectively treat particles of different sizes and heat, achieving staged purification. The filter element 200 with a larger first pore size is used for preliminary filtration to remove large particles, while the packing element 300 with a smaller second pore size is used for heat absorption and / or heat insulation, improving the overall purification efficiency.

[0214] As one feasible implementation, both the filler 300 and the adsorption element 400 are porous structures.

[0215] The pores of the filler 300 have a second pore diameter, and the pores of the adsorption element 400 have a third pore diameter; the size of the second pore diameter is larger than the size of the third pore diameter.

[0216] For example, by setting both the filler 300 and the adsorption member 400 as porous structures, not only is the airflow permeability improved, but the contact area with the airflow is also increased, thus optimizing airflow management.

[0217] Compared to the adsorbent 400, the filler 300 has a larger second pore size. This is because the high-temperature flue gas flows through the filter 200, filler 300, and adsorbent 400 sequentially after entering the exhaust channel 110. The filler 300 effectively reduces the airflow temperature and promotes the condensation of some gases by rapidly conducting heat. The larger pore size allows for a higher airflow rate, ensuring rapid heat exchange.

[0218] Compared to the packing element 300, the adsorbent element 400 has a smaller third pore size. The smaller pore size increases the adsorption surface area, enabling the adsorbent element 400 to more effectively capture and adsorb fine particles and gas molecules after condensation. The small pore size design helps to improve adsorption efficiency and selectivity, ensuring more thorough purification.

[0219] As one feasible implementation, the first aperture is P1, where P1 satisfies: 200μm≤P1≤500μm.

[0220] For example, when the first pore size ranges from 200 μm to 500 μm, the filter element 200 can effectively capture and remove large particles in the airflow. This helps protect the subsequent packing element 300 and adsorbent element 400 from clogging or damage by large particles. At the same time, by removing large particles, the filter element 200 reduces the burden on the packing element 300 and adsorbent element 400, allowing these components to focus on processing finer particles and heat exchange, thereby improving overall purification efficiency.

[0221] The large pore size range of filter element 200 ensures good airflow permeability and reduces resistance as airflow passes through it. This helps maintain efficient system operation and avoids pressure loss due to excessive resistance.

[0222] In some embodiments, P1 satisfies: 200μm≤P1≤300μm.

[0223] In some other embodiments, P1 satisfies: 300μm≤P1≤400μm.

[0224] In some other embodiments, P1 satisfies: 400μm≤P1≤500μm.

[0225] As one feasible implementation, the second aperture is P2, where P2 satisfies: 50μm≤P2≤150μm.

[0226] For example, when the second pore size of the packing element 300 ranges from 50 μm to 150 μm, the packing element 300 can provide sufficient surface area to contact the airflow, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. This helps to rapidly reduce the airflow temperature and promotes the condensation of some of the gas. The smaller pore size helps to promote gas condensation as the airflow temperature decreases, thereby improving the overall purification effect.

[0227] This aperture range provides moderate airflow resistance, ensuring that the airflow has sufficient residence time in the filler 300 for effective heat exchange without significantly increasing the system's pressure loss.

[0228] In some embodiments, P2 satisfies: 50μm≤P2≤70μm.

[0229] In some other embodiments, P2 satisfies: 70μm≤P2≤120μm.

[0230] In some other embodiments, P2 satisfies: 120μm≤P2≤150μm.

[0231] As one feasible implementation, the third aperture is P3, where P3 satisfies: 0.1μm≤P3≤2μm.

[0232] For example, when the third pore size of the adsorbent 400 is in the range of 0.1 μm to 2 μm, the adsorbent 400 can effectively capture and adsorb extremely fine particles and gas molecules. This is crucial for removing tiny contaminants from the airflow, improving the overall purification effect. This pore size range allows the adsorbent 400 to perform finer purification, ensuring that even the smallest particles and gas molecules can be effectively removed.

[0233] Smaller pore size provides a larger specific surface area, allowing the adsorbent 400 to come into contact with more gas molecules, thereby improving adsorption efficiency.

[0234] In some embodiments, P3 satisfies: 0.5μm≤P3≤1μm.

[0235] In some other embodiments, P3 satisfies: 0.1μm≤P3≤0.5μm.

[0236] In some other embodiments, P3 satisfies: 1μm≤P3≤2μm.

[0237] As one possible implementation, the filter element 200 includes a filter screen or a sieve.

[0238] For example, the filter screen can be a metal filter screen, and the sieve can be a metal sieve. In this way, the filter screen or sieve can withstand high-temperature environments, making it suitable for handling high-temperature flue gas streams, without easily deforming or being damaged. At the same time, the metal material of the filter screen or sieve provides excellent mechanical strength, enabling the filter element 200 to resist physical impacts and wear, extending its service life.

[0239] In addition, filters or screens can be reused through simple cleaning and maintenance, reducing replacement frequency and operating costs.

[0240] In addition, the pore size of the filter or screen can be precisely manufactured and kept stable to ensure consistent filtration performance and effectively remove large particles.

[0241] As one possible implementation, the material of the filter or screen includes 316L, Fe3Al, or FeCrAl.

[0242] For example, 316L stainless steel is a low-carbon version of 316 stainless steel, belonging to the austenitic stainless steel family. 316L stainless steel retains its mechanical properties, including strength and toughness, under high-temperature conditions, making it suitable for handling high-temperature fumes. 316L has excellent corrosion resistance, resisting corrosive chemicals that may be present in the fumes. The low-carbon version reduces the risk of carbide precipitation at high temperatures, thereby improving its corrosion resistance and extending its service life.

[0243] Fe3Al is an intermetallic compound primarily composed of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). It exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures, making it suitable for use in high-temperature smoke environments containing oxidizing components. Fe3Al maintains high hardness and wear resistance at high temperatures, enabling it to effectively filter particulate matter in smoke. For large-scale applications, its low cost makes it an economical and efficient choice.

[0244] FeCrAl (iron-chromium-aluminum alloy) is an alloy material with iron as the base and chromium and aluminum as the main alloying elements. FeCrAl maintains structural stability at high temperatures and is not easily deformed, which is crucial for the reliability of filter element 200 during long-term use. FeCrAl exhibits excellent oxidation resistance in high-temperature environments, resisting oxidizing components in smoke. FeCrAl has a long service life under harsh conditions, reducing the frequency of filter element replacement and maintenance when used as the material for filter element 200.

[0245] As one feasible implementation method, the mesh size of the filter or sieve is F, where F satisfies: 100 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

[0246] For example, a filter or screen with a mesh size in the range of 100-600 mesh can capture dust and particulate matter in smoke. By selecting a suitable metal filter within the range of 100 to 600 mesh, a filter element 200 for exhaust structures can be effectively designed to provide efficient particle removal capabilities while maintaining durability and economy.

[0247] In some embodiments, F satisfies: 100 mesh ≤ F ≤ 200 mesh.

[0248] In other embodiments, F satisfies: 200 mesh ≤ F ≤ 400 mesh.

[0249] In some other embodiments, F satisfies: 400 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

[0250] As one possible implementation, the material of the filler 300 includes inorganic filter media.

[0251] For example, inorganic filter media typically possess high-temperature resistance, enabling them to maintain their structural integrity and function in high-temperature environments. This makes them ideal for handling high-temperature fumes or gases.

[0252] Meanwhile, inorganic filter media typically possess high mechanical strength and wear resistance, maintaining stability under harsh operating conditions and extending the service life of the filler 300. As one feasible implementation, inorganic filter media include ceramic fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, or porous alumina.

[0253] Ceramic fibers, glass fibers, and alumina fibers inherently possess heat absorption and insulation properties. Basalt fibers can absorb heat using the principle of phase change.

[0254] For example, ceramic fiber is a fiber made of ceramic materials, typically including alumina (Al₂O₃), silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and other oxides. Ceramic fibers exhibit high-temperature resistance. They can withstand extremely high temperatures, enabling them to effectively absorb and dissipate heat in high-temperature environments. Ceramic fibers generally have low thermal conductivity, meaning they can slow down heat transfer, thus providing good insulation during heat absorption.

[0255] Glass fiber is a fiber material made from glass through a drawing process. Glass fiber remains stable in medium and high temperature environments and can absorb heat to a certain extent, preventing rapid heat conduction.

[0256] Basalt fiber is an inorganic fiber material made from natural basalt ore through high-temperature melting and spinning processes. Basalt fiber remains stable in high-temperature environments, enabling it to effectively absorb and dissipate heat. As a material made from natural basalt ore, basalt fiber possesses excellent thermophysical properties and provides stable performance during heat absorption.

[0257] Porous alumina is an alumina material (Al2O3) with a highly porous structure. This porous structure provides a large surface area, which helps to absorb and dissipate heat. Porous alumina can maintain its structural integrity at extremely high temperatures and exhibits extremely high stability in a variety of chemical environments, making it less prone to degradation during endothermic processes.

[0258] These inorganic filter materials typically have high heat capacity, enabling them to store a significant amount of heat during the heat absorption process. Simultaneously, they provide insulation. Furthermore, the structural stability of these materials ensures their continued and effective absorption and dissipation of heat in high-temperature environments.

[0259] As one possible implementation, the material of the adsorption element 400 includes needle-punched fiberglass mat or organic fiber.

[0260] For example, needle-punched glass fiber, commonly known as needle-punched glass fiber mat, is a nonwoven material made of glass fibers. It is formed by binding glass fibers together through a needle-punching process to create a felt-like material with a specific thickness and density.

[0261] Needle-punched fiberglass mat is suitable for high-temperature environments, maintaining its structure and function at high temperatures. It helps capture and adsorb fine particles, improving filtration efficiency.

[0262] Organic fibers are fibrous materials composed of organic compounds, typically derived from natural or synthetic organic polymers. Organic fibers possess adsorption capabilities, effectively capturing tiny particles and gas molecules. Furthermore, organic fibers are lightweight and relatively inexpensive.

[0263] As one possible implementation, the adsorption element 400 includes a filter. For example, the adsorption element 400 may be a HEPA filter. A HEPA filter is a high-efficiency particulate air filter specifically designed to capture fine particles in the air. HEPA filters are capable of capturing at least 99.97% of particles with a diameter of 0.3 micrometers.

[0264] HEPA filters capture particles through multiple mechanisms, including: 1. When particles approach the filter fibers with the airflow, they are directly intercepted by the fibers; 2. Larger particles deviate from the airflow path due to inertia and collide with the filter fibers; 3. Extremely small particles deviate from the airflow path due to Brownian motion, increasing the chance of them being captured.

[0265] As one feasible implementation method, the adsorption element is 400mm thick, and A satisfies: 2mm≤A≤50mm.

[0266] For example, when the thickness of the adsorbent 400 is within this range, the thickness of the adsorbent 400 can provide sufficient surface area to ensure adequate contact area with the smoke flow, thereby improving adsorption capacity and efficiency. Simultaneously, when the thickness of the adsorbent 400 is within this range, the contact time between the adsorbent 400 and the smoke flow can be optimized, thereby improving adsorption efficiency. When the thickness of the adsorbent 400 is within this range, it helps to balance fluid resistance and adsorption efficiency during adsorption, ensuring that the adsorbent 400 operates efficiently without generating excessive pressure drop.

[0267] When the thickness of the adsorption element 400 is within this range, the adsorption element 400 can provide better mechanical support and stability, preventing deformation or damage during operation, thereby maintaining the stability of the adsorption effect.

[0268] In some embodiments, A satisfies: 2mm≤A≤10mm.

[0269] In some other embodiments, A satisfies: 10mm ≤ A ≤ 30mm.

[0270] In some other embodiments, 30mm ≤ A ≤ 50mm.

[0271] As one feasible implementation, the diameter of the third opening 540 is larger than the diameter of the fourth opening 620.

[0272] For example, a filler 300 is arranged in the second accommodating cavity 530 of the second housing 500, and an adsorbent 400 is arranged in the third accommodating cavity 610 of the third housing 600. During the flow of high-temperature flue gas, the flue gas first contacts the filler 300 and then contacts the adsorbent 400.

[0273] The larger third opening 540 allows for a greater fluid flow rate, enabling the high-temperature flue gas to pass through quickly and come into contact with the packing 300. The packing 300 can initially reduce the flue gas temperature and remove larger particles and impurities.

[0274] The pre-treated flue gas flows into the third housing 600 and enters the third accommodating cavity 610 containing the adsorbent 400 through a smaller fourth opening 620. The smaller orifice provides finer flow control, enabling the adsorbent 400 to effectively capture and adsorb smaller particulate and gaseous pollutants.

[0275] As one feasible implementation, the diameter of the first opening 140 is B, where B satisfies: 0.5mm≤B≤2mm.

[0276] And / or, the diameter of the second opening 150 is C, where C satisfies: 0.5mm≤C≤2mm.

[0277] For example, when the apertures of the first opening 140 and the second opening 150 are in the range of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, it helps to reduce turbulence and ensure that the airflow enters the exhaust channel 110 smoothly. At the same time, within this aperture range, large particles in the smoke airflow can be effectively filtered out, preventing large particles from entering the exhaust channel 110 and clogging it.

[0278] Furthermore, when the apertures of the first opening 140 and the second opening 150 are within this range, it can be ensured that the sidewall 130 and the first end cap 120 have sufficient mechanical strength, avoiding the problem that the sidewall 130 and the first end cap 120 are not strong enough, and avoiding the problem that the first housing 100 is damaged under the impact of the smoke flow.

[0279] As one feasible implementation, the diameter of the third opening 540 is D, where D satisfies: 0.3mm≤D≤2mm.

[0280] And / or, the diameter of the fourth opening 620 is E, where E satisfies: 0.2mm≤E≤1.9mm.

[0281] For example, when the third pore size is in the range of 0.3-2 mm, larger particles and impurities can be effectively filtered out while allowing smaller particles to pass through. At the same time, this pore size range ensures that the flow rate and pressure of fluid or gas passing through the opening remain within design requirements.

[0282] For example, when the fourth aperture ranges from 0.2 to 1.9 mm, larger particles and impurities can be effectively filtered out while allowing smaller particles to pass through. At the same time, this aperture range ensures that the flow rate and pressure of fluid or gas passing through the opening remain within design requirements.

[0283] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack housing, including the housing and the aforementioned venting structure. The housing and the venting structure are connected.

[0284] In some embodiments of this application, the housing includes a tray body 700, the tray body having a tray cavity for accommodating the battery assembly 800. The air inlet of the exhaust channel 110 of the exhaust structure 10 communicates with the tray cavity, and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel 110 of the exhaust structure 10 communicates with the outside.

[0285] For example, when the battery module 800 experiences thermal runaway, it produces white smoke. The white smoke typically consists of gases, vapors, tiny droplets, and solid particles generated by internal chemical reactions within the battery module 800. These components scatter light, thus appearing white.

[0286] After the battery assembly 800 experiences thermal runaway, the white smoke enters the exhaust channel 110, which communicates with the tray cavity of the tray body. The filter element 200, filler element 300, and adsorbent element 400 located within the exhaust channel 110 sequentially filter, cool, and adsorb the white smoke. The filter element 200 filters large particles from the smoke; the filler element 300 absorbs heat, insulates, and cools the smoke, promoting condensation; and the adsorbent element 400 captures particles and droplets in the smoke through a physical adsorption mechanism, reducing their concentration in the airflow. Thus, the smoke, after multiple purification processes, is discharged through the exhaust port. In some embodiments of this application, the housing includes...

[0287] The tray body 700 has a tray cavity for accommodating the battery assembly 800. The tray body 700 includes a side beam, which has a side beam air inlet, a side beam exhaust outlet and a first cavity. The side beam air inlet and the side beam exhaust outlet are both connected to the first cavity.

[0288] The side beam air inlet is connected to the tray cavity, and the exhaust structure 10 is located at the side beam exhaust port.

[0289] For example, after the battery assembly 800 thermally runs away, the white smoke enters the tray cavity of the tray body, then enters the first cavity of the side beam through the side beam air inlet, and then enters the exhaust channel 110 of the exhaust structure 10 through the side beam exhaust port. The filter 200, the filler 300 and the adsorbent 400 located in the exhaust channel 110 sequentially filter, cool and adsorb the white smoke. The filter 200 filters large particles in the smoke, the filler 300 absorbs heat and cools the smoke to promote smoke condensation, and the adsorbent 400 captures particles and droplets in the smoke through a physical adsorption mechanism to reduce their concentration in the airflow. In this way, the smoke that has been purified through multiple steps is discharged through the exhaust port.

[0290] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, including:

[0291] Battery assembly 800;

[0292] Battery pack housing, with a tray cavity for accommodating battery assembly 800;

[0293] Alternatively, the battery pack may include an exhaust structure 10.

[0294] The battery pack casing has interconnected openings and a tray cavity. The cover 900 closes onto the opening.

[0295] It is understood that since the battery pack of this application adopts the technical solution of the above-described battery pack housing or venting structure 10 embodiments, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described battery pack housing or venting structure 10 embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0296] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a battery pack.

[0297] It is understood that since the electrical equipment of this application adopts the technical solution of the above-described battery pack embodiment, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described battery pack embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0298] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the utility models disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0299] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An exhaust structure, characterized in that, include: The first housing (100) has an exhaust passage (110); Filter element (200); A filler (300) for absorbing heat and / or insulating heat; Adsorption element (400); the filter element (200), the filler element (300) and the adsorption element (400) are all located in the exhaust channel (110); along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (110), the filter element (200), the filler element (300) and the adsorption element (400) are arranged in sequence.

2. The exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first housing (100) has an exhaust port that communicates with the exhaust passage (110); Along the airflow direction of the exhaust channel (110), the adsorption element (400) is disposed close to the exhaust port relative to the filter element (200); the filler (300) is disposed between the filter element (200) and the filler (300).

3. The exhaust structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a second housing (500) located in the exhaust passage (110); The filter element (200) is disposed between the first housing (100) and the second housing (500); the second housing (500) forms a second receiving cavity (530) for accommodating the filler element (300).

4. The exhaust structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a third housing (600) located in the second accommodating cavity (530); the third housing (600) forms a third accommodating cavity (610) for accommodating the adsorption member (400).

5. The exhaust structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first housing (100) is provided with a first air inlet; the first air inlet is connected to the exhaust channel (110); And / or, a second air inlet is provided on the second housing (500); And / or, the third housing (600) is provided with a third air inlet.

6. The exhaust structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first housing (100), the second housing (500) and the third housing (600) are all cylindrical, and the first housing (100), the second housing (500) and the third housing (600) are coaxially arranged.

7. The exhaust structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first housing (100) has a first end cap (120) and a side wall (130) connected to each other; the first end cap (120) and the side wall (130) surround to form the exhaust passage (110); a pressure relief element (20) is provided on the side of the side wall (130) away from the first end cap (120).

8. The exhaust structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sidewall (130) has a plurality of first openings (140), and the plurality of first openings (140) form the first air inlet.

9. The exhaust structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first end cap (120) has a plurality of second openings (150), which form the first air inlet.

10. The exhaust structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sidewall (130) includes a first sidewall (131), a second sidewall (132), a third sidewall (133), and a fourth sidewall (134) connected end to end; Along a first direction, the first sidewall (131) and the third sidewall (133) are disposed opposite to each other; along a second direction, the second sidewall (132) and the fourth sidewall (134) are disposed opposite to each other; The first opening (140) is provided on the first sidewall (131) and / or the third sidewall (133); The first direction and the second direction intersect each other.

11. The exhaust structure according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second housing (500) has a fifth sidewall (520), a sixth sidewall (521), and a second end cap (510), wherein the fifth sidewall (520) and the sixth sidewall (521) are disposed opposite to each other along the first direction; The fifth sidewall (520) and the sixth sidewall (521) are connected by the second end cap (510), and the fifth sidewall (520), the sixth sidewall (521) and the second end cap (510) surround to form the second accommodating cavity (530).

12. The exhaust structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The fifth sidewall (520) and the sixth sidewall (521) have a second air inlet at the end near the filter element (200); the second air inlet and the first air inlet of the first housing (100) are arranged opposite to each other.

13. The exhaust structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, The third housing (600) is a plate-shaped structure, and the second end cap (510) and the third housing (600) are disposed opposite to each other along the third direction; the third housing (600) is used to connect the fifth side wall (520) and the sixth side wall (521); The third housing (600), the fifth sidewall (520), and the sixth sidewall (521) surround to form a third receiving cavity (610), which is located on the side of the third housing (600) away from the second end cap (510); The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction intersect each other.

14. The exhaust structure according to claim 13, characterized in that, Along the third direction, the fifth sidewall (520) has a first end, a first middle section and a second end connected in sequence, the first end and the second end cap (510) are connected, and the first middle section and the third housing (600) are connected; Along the third direction, the sixth sidewall (521) has a third end, a second middle section and a fourth end connected in sequence, the third end is connected to the second end cap (510) and the second middle section is connected to the third housing (600).

15. The exhaust structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both the second housing (500) and the third housing (600) are plate-like structures; Along the airflow direction of the exhaust passage (110), the second housing (500) and the third housing (600) are spaced apart; The second housing (500) and the sidewall (130) surround to form the second receiving cavity (530); the second receiving cavity (530) is located on the side of the second housing (500) opposite to the first end cap (120); The third housing (600) and the sidewall (130) surround to form the third receiving cavity (610), which is located on the side of the third housing (600) away from the second housing (500).

16. The exhaust structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second housing (500) is formed with a plurality of third openings (540); the plurality of third openings (540) form the second air inlet; The third housing (600) has a plurality of fourth openings (620); the plurality of fourth openings (620) form a third air inlet.

17. The exhaust structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air intake areas of the first air intake, the second air intake, and the third air intake decrease sequentially.

18. The exhaust structure according to claim 16, characterized in that, The diameter of the third opening (540) is larger than that of the fourth opening (620).

19. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that, Both the filter element (200) and the filler element (300) have porous structures; The filter element (200) has a first pore diameter, and the filler element (300) has a second pore diameter, wherein the size of the first pore diameter is larger than the size of the second pore diameter.

20. The exhaust structure according to claim 19, characterized in that, Both the filler (300) and the adsorption element (400) are porous structures; The pores of the filler (300) have a second pore diameter, and the pores of the adsorption element (400) have a third pore diameter; the size of the second pore diameter is larger than the size of the third pore diameter.

21. The exhaust structure according to claim 19, characterized in that, The first aperture is P1, and P1 satisfies: 200μm≤P1≤500μm.

22. The exhaust structure according to claim 21, characterized in that, The P1 satisfies: 200μm≤P1≤300μm.

23. The exhaust structure according to claim 19, characterized in that, The second aperture is P2, which satisfies: 50μm≤P2≤150μm.

24. The exhaust structure according to claim 23, characterized in that, The P2 satisfies: 70μm≤P2≤120μm.

25. The exhaust structure according to claim 20, characterized in that, The third aperture is P3, and P3 satisfies: 0.1μm≤P3≤2μm.

26. The exhaust structure according to claim 25, characterized in that, The P3 satisfies the following condition: 0.5μm≤P3≤1μm.

27. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that, The filter element (200) includes a filter screen or a sieve.

28. The exhaust structure according to claim 27, characterized in that, The material of the filter or sieve includes 316L, Fe3Al, or FeCrAl.

29. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that, The material of the filler (300) includes inorganic filter media.

30. The exhaust structure according to claim 29, characterized in that, The inorganic filter material includes ceramic fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, or porous alumina.

31. The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that, The material of the adsorption element (400) includes needle-punched fiberglass felt or organic fiber.

32. The exhaust structure according to claim 31, characterized in that, The thickness of the adsorption element (400) is A, and A satisfies: 2mm≤A≤50mm.

33. The exhaust structure according to claim 32, characterized in that, The condition A satisfies: 10mm≤A≤30mm.

34. The exhaust structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The diameter of the first opening (140) is B, and B satisfies: 0.5mm≤B≤2mm; And / or, the diameter of the second opening (150) is C, wherein C satisfies: 0.5mm≤C≤2mm.

35. The exhaust structure according to claim 16, characterized in that, The diameter of the third opening (540) is D, and D satisfies: 0.3mm≤D≤2mm; And / or, the diameter of the fourth opening (620) is E, wherein E satisfies: 0.2mm≤E≤1.9mm.

36. The exhaust structure according to claim 27, characterized in that, The mesh size of the filter or sieve is F, and F satisfies: 100 mesh ≤ F ≤ 600 mesh.

37. The exhaust structure according to claim 36, characterized in that, The condition F satisfies: 200 mesh ≤ F ≤ 400 mesh.

38. A battery pack housing, characterized in that, include: case; The exhaust structure according to any one of claims 1-37, wherein the exhaust structure is connected to the housing.

39. The battery pack housing according to claim 38, characterized in that, The housing includes a tray body (700) having a tray cavity for accommodating a battery assembly (800); The first air inlet of the exhaust channel (110) of the exhaust structure is connected to the tray cavity, and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust channel (110) of the exhaust structure is connected to the outside.

40. The battery pack housing according to claim 38, characterized in that, The housing includes a tray body (700) having a tray cavity for accommodating a battery assembly (800); the tray body (700) includes a side beam having a side beam air inlet, a side beam exhaust outlet, and a first cavity; the side beam air inlet and the side beam exhaust outlet are both connected to the first cavity; the side beam air inlet is connected to the tray cavity. The exhaust structure is located at the exhaust port of the side beam.

41. A battery pack, characterized in that, include: Battery assembly (800); The battery pack housing according to any one of claims 38-40, wherein the tray cavity of the battery pack housing is used to receive the battery assembly (800); Alternatively, the battery pack may include the venting structure as described in any one of claims 1-37.

42. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack as described in claim 41.

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