Methods and systems for detecting and analyzing deviations in a vehicle's powerline communication network

Abstract

One comprehensive system: - a variety of vehicle modules, each comprising a powerline communication module; and - a vehicle powerline communication network comprising: power lines designed to transmit electrical energy to the vehicle modules, wherein the powerline communication modules enable the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, the powerline communication modules comprising: - a first powerline communication module configured to transmit pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and - a second powerline communication module, which includes the following: - a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals to detect deviations in the powerline communication network, wherein the reflectometer module comprises the following: - a frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) module configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to compare an actual channel estimate of the powerline communication with a set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state in order to determine if there is a match between the actual channel estimate of the powerline communication and any of the reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates generally to vehicles and in particular to the detection and analysis of deviations in a vehicle's powerline communication network. BACKGROUND

[0002] Powerline communication (PLC) generally refers to technologies where a power line designed to carry electrical energy also transmits data or communication signals between two nodes in a network. Powerline communication systems work by adding a modulated carrier signal to the existing wiring system. PLC can eliminate the need to install dedicated communication lines when power lines are available.

[0003] Recently, powerline communication (PLC) has been proposed for use in vehicles to reduce the number of wires required by transmitting communication signals over the vehicle's existing power lines. PLC technology enables the communication of information, such as data and control information, over existing direct current (DC) battery power lines. Using PLC in vehicles can reduce and / or eliminate the need for specific cables that would normally be present to carry communication information, thereby reducing the cost and weight of vehicles that use separate power and control cables.

[0004] The electrical wiring in a vehicle forms a complex network. Poor connections, breaks, and short circuits can occur during the assembly process or after the vehicle has been used. A potential problem when using PLCs in automotive applications is that changes, faults, or defects in the electrical wiring or the modules to which it is connected can be difficult to detect. This detection step is further complicated by the fact that the electrical wiring is neither terminated nor impedance-matched. Furthermore, different loads, dead legs, and wires of varying thicknesses can create discontinuities that cause reflections.

[0005] Accordingly, it is desirable to provide methods and systems that enable the detection, localization, identification, and / or marking of deviations, such as changes, defects, or faults, in the vehicle's electrical wiring. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying claims, together with the accompanying drawings and the present background information on the invention.

[0006] German patent application DE 10 2006 028 968 A1 describes an arrangement for diagnosing physical quantities in a motor vehicle. German patent application DE 10 2013 202 717 A1 describes a modular cable harness testing system and a modular cable harness testing device for motor vehicles. German patent application US 6 714 021 B2 describes a time-domain reflectometry tester for detecting local defects in transmission lines. German patent application US 2013 / 0 300 429 A1 describes a diagnostic system and a diagnostic procedure for the electrical power supply of an electric motor vehicle. German patent application DE 10 2013 216 942 A1 describes a method and a system for actively locating bus faults. SUMMARY

[0007] Methods and systems are provided for detecting and analyzing deviations in a vehicle's powerline communication network.

[0008] In one embodiment, a vehicle is provided which comprises various vehicle modules. The powerline communication network includes power lines designed to transmit electrical energy to the vehicle modules. Each vehicle module includes a powerline communication module that is communicatively coupled to at least one of the power lines. The powerline communication modules enable the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules. The powerline communication modules can transmit pilot signals over the powerline communication network. One or more of the powerline communication modules includes a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals to determine properties of the powerline communication network.

[0009] A system for detecting anomalies in a vehicle's powerline communication network is provided. The system comprises multiple vehicle modules, each containing a powerline communication module. The powerline communication network consists of electrical lines designed to transmit power to the vehicle modules. The powerline communication modules enable the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules. One of the powerline communication modules transmits pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and another powerline communication module includes a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals to detect anomalies in the powerline communication network.

[0010] A method can be implemented in a vehicle that includes a powerline communication network. This network comprises power lines designed to transmit electrical energy and communication information to and from a multitude of vehicle modules, each containing a powerline communication module. Pilot signals from one or more of the powerline communication modules can be transmitted over the powerline communication network. When a change occurs from an existing electrical state to a new electrical state, a reflectometer module on one or more of the powerline communication modules can process the pilot signals to determine whether a deviation has been detected in the powerline communication network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present invention is described below in conjunction with the following drawing figures, in which the same reference numerals denote the same elements, wherein: Fig. 1 is a vehicle according to various exemplary embodiments; Fig. Figure 2 is a simplified schematic block diagram of a vehicle communication network according to various embodiments; Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B are simplified schematic block diagrams which depict exemplary embodiments of a system 300 for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle, which is implemented in a vehicle according to various exemplary embodiments; Fig. 4A and Fig. Figure 4B are block diagrams illustrating two alternative implementations of reflectometer modules according to the disclosed embodiments; Fig. Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a process according to various embodiments; and Fig. Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a different procedure according to various embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The following detailed description is purely exemplary and is not intended to limit the invention or its applications and uses. Furthermore, it is not intended to be bound to any theory presented in the foregoing background or the following detailed description. overview

[0013] According to the disclosed embodiments, a vehicle is provided which has a cost-effective on-board diagnostic system for detecting deviations (e.g., possible or actual faults) in power lines, vehicle modules to which the power lines are connected, and the return conductor (ground). The on-board diagnostic system can reduce the time required for diagnostic analysis in a workshop.

[0014] The system comprises a variety of vehicle modules connected to a powerline communication network. Depending on the implementation, the powerline communication modules (PLCs) can be integrated into one or all of the vehicle modules, meaning that some (or all) of the vehicle modules may contain a PLC module. Each PLC module enables the transmission of communication information over the vehicle's power lines. The PLC modules thus form a powerline communication network. By deploying PLC modules throughout the vehicle, the need for dedicated communication (or signal) cables to and from the vehicle modules can be reduced or sometimes completely eliminated. Furthermore, the need for dedicated communication (or signal) circuitry within the vehicle modules can also be reduced or sometimes completely eliminated.

[0015] According to various embodiments, one, some, or all of the PLC modules can include a reflectometer module.

[0016] The PLC modules send and receive pilot signals over the vehicle's electrical wiring. The PLC modules can determine when a change in the vehicle's current electrical state has occurred, for example, based on signals from one of the vehicle modules. Each reflectometer module can then use this knowledge of the vehicle's current electrical state to process received pilot signals and perform reflectometric processing techniques to monitor the overall condition of the vehicle's electrical wiring and the vehicle modules. In one embodiment, the pilot signals are pilot subcarriers transmitted at known positions on a frequency-time grid (e.g., at each OFDM symbol).A reflectometer module can process the received pilot signals and calculate a channel estimate, which can be used to determine characteristics of power lines and / or vehicle modules of the vehicle, including whether deviations are detected.

[0017] For example, the reflectometer module can detect one or more anomalies associated with the powerline communication network, such as a change on a specific power line of this network, the return (ground) line, or a specific vehicle module connected to the powerline communication network. For instance, the reflectometer module can detect faults or potential faults on power lines, the return (ground) line, and / or in vehicle modules to which the power lines are connected. In some embodiments, the reflectometer module can also identify the location of this anomaly and its specific nature. Information about the anomalies can then be recorded for later diagnosis.

[0018] In some embodiments, the vehicle may contain multiple interacting PLC modules (e.g., each vehicle module may contain its own PLC module and reflectometer module). In such embodiments, information provided by different PLC and reflectometer modules can be processed to improve the precision of anomaly detection and identification. In some implementations, information provided by the various PLC and reflectometer modules can be processed by off-board diagnostic equipment to reduce on-board complexity.

[0019] Fig. Figure 1 depicts a vehicle 100, which includes a power source 110 (e.g., a vehicle battery), power lines 120, and a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus 125, which is connected to a series of vehicle modules 130-1 to 130-N. Although this drawing depicts nine vehicle modules 130-1 to 130-N, the person skilled in the art will understand that this is only a non-limiting example, and that a vehicle can comprise any number of vehicle modules arranged throughout the vehicle 100.

[0020] As used here, the term "vehicle module" refers to a controller module within a vehicle that controls vehicle systems, subsystems, actuators, sensors, switches, and the like. Each of the vehicle modules can perform a specific function or functions to control a particular vehicle system or subsystem, such as a vehicle body, engine, chassis, etc.Non-restrictive examples of vehicle modules may include, for example, an Engine Control Unit (ECU) or Engine Control Module (ECM), a Powertrain Control Module (PCM), a Transmission Control Module (TCM), a Body Control Module (BCM), an Extended Body Control Module (EBCM), a Passive Entry Passive Start (PEPS) Module, a Power Window and Lock Control Module (PWLCM), an Electrical Parking Brake Control Module (EPBCM), a Door Switch Panel Module (DSPM), a Vehicle Communication Interface Module (VCIM), an Electronic Brake Control Module (EBCM), a Vaporizer Control Module (VCM), etc.

[0021] The vehicle modules 130 can be coupled to the CAN bus 125 via wired or wireless communication links to exchange information with vehicle modules 130-1 to 130-N. Although not shown for simplicity, the vehicle 100 can also include a range of hardwired and wireless peripherals, such as sensors, switches, actuators, etc. Any suitable configuration of vehicle modules and peripherals can be used.

[0022] According to the disclosed embodiments, each of the vehicle modules 130 can be a powerline communication module (in Fig. 2 to 4B) include an implementation of a powerline communication network (in Fig. 2 shown in more detail) within the vehicle 100 is possible.

[0023] As in Fig. As shown in more detail in Figure 2, the network 200 comprises a power source 210 (e.g., a vehicle battery), the power lines 220, 220-1 to 220-N, an optional bus 225 with optional bus lines 225-1 to 225-N, and the vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N. In a non-restrictive embodiment, the bus 225 can be a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus conforming to any known CAN bus standard. As is known in the art, a CAN bus can refer to a message-based protocol designed for automotive applications, enabling microcontrollers, modules, and devices within a vehicle to communicate with each other without a host computer.

[0024] As used here, the term "powerline (PL)" refers to a transmission line (or conductor) in a vehicle that transmits electrical energy to the vehicle modules. This power line can be, for example, a direct current (DC) battery power line, an alternating current (AC) line (e.g., in an electric vehicle), or any other conventional transmission line found in a vehicle. The main power line 220 is electrically connected to a power source 210, such as a vehicle battery. The main power line 220 is connected to the vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N via auxiliary power lines 220-1 to 220-N. Thus, the power lines 220-1 to 220-N can supply electrical energy to the various vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N from the power source 210. For example, the vehicle module 230-1 is coupled to the main power line 220 via the auxiliary power line 220-1.

[0025] According to various embodiments, each of the vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N can include a powerline communication module 240-1 to 240-N. As used here, the term "powerline communication module (PLC)" refers to a module that can be implemented in any vehicle module to enable the use of a power line to transmit information (e.g., control information, data, communication signals, etc.). Communication between the PLC modules 240 is bidirectional (e.g., inputs to the PLC network 320 are also outputs). A PLC module includes a powerline transceiver (PLT), which comprises a transmitter submodule and a receiver submodule (not shown) to enable digital communication over a power line.Although not shown, each PLC module can incorporate 240 conventional transceiver components, including a modem, transmitter and receiver circuitry, amplifiers, filters, oscillators, voltage references, interfaces, and so on. A PLC module can interface with connectors on any vehicle module, allowing a conventional power line to carry both power and communication information, thus eliminating the need for dedicated communication cables. In some implementations, the PLC module can utilize multiplexed digital signaling technology to improve performance in noisy environments. The PLC modules can employ OFDM techniques and transmit familiar pilot signals over the power lines.

[0026] According to the disclosed embodiments, the power lines 220, 220-1 to 220-N are also used as electrical conductors to transmit communication information and signals, such as digital data bits modulated onto a high-frequency carrier signal, to and from the various vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N. In one embodiment, CAN protocols are used at the physical layer of the PLC modules. Compared with conventional vehicle communication networks, this can reduce the number of cables required for the network. In some embodiments, the bus 225 is not used, and the power lines 220 can serve as the "backbone" used to transmit communication information across the network.

[0027] In contrast, certain communication architectures can transmit communication information via both bus 225 and power lines 220-1 to 220-N. Thus, in some embodiments, network 200 can also include bus 225, and each of the vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N can be electrically coupled to bus 225 via a corresponding bus line 225-1 to 225-N. The vehicle modules 230 can transmit information on bus 225 so that it can be received by any of the other vehicle modules 230 that are coupled to bus 225. Each of the vehicle modules 230 can, for example, receive control and command messages via bus 225.

[0028] Fig. 3A and Fig. Figure 3B are simplified schematic block diagrams, which are exemplary embodiments of a system for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle 300, which is located in a vehicle (e.g. Fig. 1) is implemented according to various exemplary embodiments. As in Fig. 3A and Fig. As shown in Figure 3B, the system for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle 300 comprises a power source 210, the power lines 220-1 to 220-N, the bus lines 225-1, the vehicle modules 230, and a vehicle general condition monitoring module (VHMM) 320, all of which are coupled to a powerline communication network 310. Since the power source 210, the power lines 220-1 to 220-N, the bus lines 225-1, and the vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N have already been described with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. As described in section 2 above, these elements will not be repeated here, but will be described below with reference to Fig. 2 described.

[0029] The PLC network 320 can be viewed as a communication system with numerous inputs and outputs. The Powerline Communication (PLC) network 310 comprises power lines (not shown), grounding networks, and various consumers within the vehicle, which are not shown individually for simplicity. The power lines 220-1 to 220-N are also part of the Powerline Communication network 310, although they are shown separately to illustrate how they are connected to the vehicle modules 230-1 to 230-N.

[0030] The physical layer of the Powerline Communication Network 310 defines a channel for Powerline Communication (PLC) that transmits signals between PLC modules. The characteristics of the PLC channel vary depending on the electrical state of the vehicle. For a given electrical state of the vehicle, the PLC network 320 can be viewed as a linear time-invariant (LTI) system, which can be fully characterized by its frequency response (or an equivalent impulse response). The frequency response of the PLC network 320 is a continuous function of phase and amplitude as a function of frequency. The frequency response of the PLC channel is the Fourier transform of its impulse response. The frequency response includes magnitude and / or phase information measured against a discrete set of frequency values ​​over a finite RF frequency range or "bandwidth" (e.g.,a set of quantities and phases, which are measured for each frequency band or each subcarrier of a set of subcarriers). The frequency response of the PLC Network 320 captures physical phenomena, such as attenuation, reflections, radiation / heat losses at resistive loads, etc., as the RF signals propagate across the PLC Network 320.

[0031] The "communication channel state" of the "channel state" can be estimated by observing the characteristics of the frequency response of the PLC network 320 in a finite RF frequency range. The PLC channel can be observed by sending signals to the inputs of the PLC network 320 (e.g., individually) and measuring the same signals at its outputs (e.g., all together).

[0032] Many different known PLC channel estimation methods can be used to calculate the channel estimate. These methods depend on the communication modulation techniques used. For example, in one implementation in an OFDM-based system, the bandwidth is divided into frequency bands, and known pilot signals are embedded in a subset of these frequency bands. The PLC channel can be observed by measuring the phase and amplitude of known pilot signals and calculating a channel estimate. To further explain, a receiver can estimate the channel state by observing these known pilot signals in the different frequency bands. Each pilot signal is processed to generate a single phase and amplitude pair for that specific frequency band (and that specific time and electrical state).Thus, there is a discrete phase / amplitude pair for each specific frequency band. Each discrete phase / amplitude pair serves as a discrete channel estimate.

[0033] Any change in the vehicle's electrical state can affect the PLC channel because various devices are connected to or coupled to the vehicle's power lines when the electrical state changes. To further explain, when the electrical state changes, various systems may or may not be connected to the powerline communication network, and the devices connected to the power lines and the input impedances of various vehicle modules can change. Consequently, the characteristics of the Powerline Communication Network 310 can change depending on the vehicle's electrical state.

[0034] The electrical state of the vehicle can change in response to any number of conditions or events. For example, a change in the electrical state can occur when any operating mode of the vehicle changes (e.g., the vehicle's ignition is turned on or off, the headlights are turned on or off, the infotainment system is turned on or off, etc.).

[0035] In response to any of these conditions or events, electrical state information indicating a change in electrical state can be determined or detected by any vehicle module and then transmitted to any PLC module that includes a reflectometer module via a 225-1 bus line or another wired or wireless communication link with the vehicle module. For example, a change in electrical state can be reported to the vehicle module by another vehicle module, such as the ECU, BCM, etc.

[0036] The number of PLC modules varies depending on the implementation. For illustration, the Powerline Communication Network 310 is shown. Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B uses three PLC modules; however, it is understood that this implementation is not limiting, and that the Powerline Communication Network 310 can include any number of PLC modules 240-1 to 240-N, whichever is greater than two. Some use cases will now be described.

[0037] In one embodiment, the powerline communication network can comprise a single pair of PLC modules (i.e., a pair of transmitter-receiver PLC modules). Since the power lines are all connected to a single network, any deviation might then appear as a change in the frequency response of any given link (and thus the channel estimate). Therefore, a single pair of PLC modules (i.e., a pair of transmitter-receiver PLC modules) has the capability to detect any deviation in the powerline communication network.

[0038] With only a single pair of PLC modules (i.e., a pair of transmitter-receiver PLC modules), the distances between different deviations and normal channel estimations can be very small, leading to unreliable detection (e.g., a high false detection rate or a low detection rate). Furthermore, if more than one deviation is present, a single pair of PLC modules (i.e., a pair of transmitter-receiver PLC modules) cannot distinguish between the two or more deviations.

[0039] In other implementations, the powerline communication network can comprise multiple pairs of PLC modules (i.e., multiple pairs of transmitter-receiver PLC modules). Having multiple pairs of PLC modules can be advantageous in terms of detection performance and distinguishability, for example, in situations where multiple deviations may occur.

[0040] The VHMM 320 is a diagnostic module that includes a 245-2 reflectometer module. The processing performed by the VHMM 320 varies depending on the implementation. Fig. Figure 3A represents an embodiment with a "distributed" architecture of the system for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle 300, whereas Fig. Figure 3B shows an embodiment with a “central” architecture of the system for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle 300.

[0041] The system for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle 300 from Fig. 3A is an example of an embodiment with a "distributed" architecture, wherein the module for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle 320 comprises a PLC module 240-2 and a reflectometer module 245-2, and each PLC module 240-1, 240-N also comprises a reflectometer module 245-1, 245-N. In a distributed architecture, each PLC module can monitor all communication links on which it can receive and process pilot signals received by a specific PLC module (or group of PLC modules) in the network. In this way, the receiving PLC module can calculate a channel estimate for each specific PLC module with which it is connected. In one implementation, each reflectometer module 245 monitors and processes received pilot signals to generate a channel estimate.In some embodiments, each reflectometer module 245 can also process the channel estimation to generate a metric (or attribute) indicating the overall state of the network. Based on this metric (e.g., by comparing it to a reference), it can determine whether deviations are detected in the PLC network 320. When a deviation is detected by any PLC module 240, that PLC module 240 sends the relevant information to the VHMM 320. This communication can take place via the PLC network 310 or any other interconnection bus (CAN, etc.). The VHMM 320 combines or integrates the information received from other PLC modules 240-1, 240-N (as well as information from its own PLC module 240-2) to obtain a more accurate picture of the overall state of the network.The VHMM 320 can then share its observations either independently with a diagnostic tool or, depending on the computer, with a specific central ECU in order to combine all observations. In this way, the number of independent observations is roughly compared.

[0042] In contrast, the system for monitoring the general condition of the vehicle is 300. Fig. Figure 3B is an embodiment with a "central" architecture, wherein only the module for monitoring the general state of the vehicle 320 has a reflectometer module 245-2. In a central architecture, a single, central PLC module can be implemented, which receives processed information from all possible pairs of transmitter and receiver PLC modules and thus has information about each of the PLC channels that form the PLC network. In the embodiment with a "central" architecture, the reflectometer module 245-2 receives pilot signals from all other PLC modules 240-1, 240-N, processes them to generate channel estimates, and then processes the channel estimates to generate a metric for the general state of the network. Based on this metric, it determines whether deviations in the PLC network 320 are detected.

[0043] In another embodiment with a "hybrid" architecture (not shown), each PLC module 240-1, 240-N has a reflectometer module that performs limited processing and offloads the remaining processing load to the VHMM 320. In this embodiment, the VHMM 320 must process a larger amount of data. To further explain, a reflectometer module 245-1, 245-N on each PLC module 240-1, 240-N monitors the received pilot signals and processes them to generate a channel estimate. Each reflectometer module 245-1, 245-N then communicates its channel estimate to the VHMM 320, which processes the various channel estimates to generate a metric for the overall network health and then determines, based on this metric, whether any deviations are detected.

[0044] As used here, the term "reflectometer module" or "reflectometric processor" refers to software and / or hardware modules that can be implemented on PLC modules to perform reflectometric processing on certain properties of the vehicle's power lines (e.g., testing the integrity of the power lines in the vehicle). Fig. 4A and Fig. Figure 4B shows block diagrams illustrating two alternative implementations of the reflectometer modules according to the disclosed embodiments. Some implementations, which are described in Fig. As shown in Figure 4A, the reflectometer module 245-1 can be implemented entirely in software as an additional module to reduce costs. This software module is executed by a processor (not shown) of the PLC module 240-1. In these implementations, the reflectometer module can be implemented without requiring additional hardware. In other implementations, however, the reflectometer module 245-1 can be a separate module with its own hardware and software. This module is implemented on the vehicle module 230-1 and communicates with the PLC module.

[0045] According to the disclosed embodiments, the reflectometer module can measure information associated with pilot signals transmitted over the PLC channel, such as magnitude and / or phase information associated with each pilot signal. The reflectometer module can then use this measured information to calculate a channel estimate. The reflectometer module can then compare this calculated channel estimate with reference line information for a given electrical state to determine whether there are deviations in the vehicle's power line communication network. As used here, the term "deviations" can refer to defects, faults, or failures (e.g., poor connections, degraded connections, short-circuit states, open-circuit states, or other problematic conditions, etc.) in the vehicle's power lines.Furthermore, the deviations can also include deviations in the vehicle modules (e.g. malfunctions), which appear as changes in their input impedance.

[0046] For example, in one embodiment, discrete channel estimates from a reflectometer module, together with knowledge of the electrical state, can be used to determine whether deviations are detected. For instance, the reflectometer module can use the electrical state to access (e.g., search for or retrieve) pre-recorded comparison line reference information for that electrical state and a pre-recorded program library containing anomalous PLC channel estimates for that electrical state. The discrete channel estimates can then be compared with the pre-recorded comparison line reference information to determine whether a deviation has been detected.

[0047] As described in more detail below, when an anomaly is detected, reflectometric techniques can be used to compare the calculated channel estimate with a pre-recorded library of known anomalous channel estimates for that particular electrical state in order to further characterize this anomaly (e.g., to identify the specific nature of the anomaly, its location, etc.). For example, discrete channel estimates can be compared with each of the anomalous PLC channel estimates in the pre-recorded library until a matching anomalous PLC channel estimate is found that identifies characteristics of the anomaly (e.g., nature and location of the anomaly, etc.).

[0048] In general, reflectometry refers to a non-invasive diagnostic technique that enables the analysis of the properties of a medium, such as a power line or a power line communication network. Reflectometric methods can generally be classified as "active" or "passive." In active reflectometric methods, a reflectometer actively sends / transmits signals into a network and monitors the reflections. In passive reflectometric methods, a reflectometer checks signals received over a network from other devices. In the context of a PLC network, passive reflectometric methods can be used where a "source" or transmitter PLC module sends communication signals with known pilot signals over the PLC network's power lines to a destination or receiver PLC module. The receiver PLC module can then estimate the PLC channel based on the known pilot signals.Depending on the specific implementation, reflectometric processing can encompass any number of known techniques.

[0049] For example, in one embodiment, a reflectometry processor can use frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) techniques. According to a particular embodiment, a frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) module can receive electrical state information indicating the current electrical state of the vehicle and can then compare a channel estimate with a set of reference channel estimates for that particular current electrical state to determine whether there is a match between the actual channel estimate and any of the reference channel estimates for that particular current electrical state. The reference channel estimates for that particular current electrical state can include reference channel estimates indicating defects, reference channel estimates indicating faults, reference channel estimates indicating failures (e.g.,The FDR module provides reference channel estimates that indicate deviations in vehicle modules (e.g., malfunctions) manifested by changes in their input impedance, and so on. These estimates can be used to determine which of the reference channel estimates corresponds to the actual channel estimate for a given electrical state. This allows the FDR module to identify whether a defect, fault, or failure exists in the PLC network's power lines (e.g., poor connection, deterioration, short circuit, open circuit, or other problematic condition) or whether deviations are present in the vehicle modules.

[0050] Fig. Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method 500 according to various embodiments. It should be noted that the steps of method 500 are not necessarily presented in a specific order, and that executing some or all of the steps in an alternative sequence is possible and considered. The steps are presented in the sequence shown to facilitate description and explanation. Furthermore, steps can be added, omitted, and / or executed simultaneously without departing from the scope of the accompanying claims. It should also be noted that the illustrated method 500 can terminate at any time.In certain embodiments, some or all steps of this process and / or substantially equivalent steps are performed by executing processor-readable instructions, which are, for example, stored or contained on a non-temporary processor-readable medium. For example, references to a processor performing the functions of this disclosure refer to one or more cooperating computing components that execute instructions, such as in the form of an algorithm provided on a processor-readable medium, such as memory associated with a processor of a vehicle module, a powerline communication module, or a reflectometer module (if the reflectometer module is implemented using hardware).

[0051] When procedure 500 starts at 510, the vehicle is in a known electrical state. As used here, the term "electrical state" with respect to the vehicle refers to a state that takes into account the vehicle's operating mode in relation to its electrical systems and subsystems at a given time. In one embodiment, this known electrical state is transmitted to or determined by a processor implemented in a vehicle module. The vehicle module can transmit this known electrical state to a PLC module, which in turn can transmit the known electrical state to a reflectometer module.

[0052] A processor in the vehicle (e.g., on the PLC module or another vehicle module) constantly monitors changes in the electrical state. At step 520, the processor periodically determines or checks whether a change from the known electrical state to a new electrical state has occurred. If step 520 determines that a change to a new electrical state has occurred, step 500 loops back to step 520, where the processor again determines whether a change to a new electrical state has occurred.

[0053] As previously mentioned, when the electrical state changes, various loads are coupled to the power lines, and the input impedances of various vehicle modules can change, which can cause the PLC channel characteristics to change. To further explain, there is a physical channel that exists between a transmitter PLC module and a receiver PLC module, which are interconnected. This is referred to here as the PLC channel. The receiver PLC module receives pilot signals transmitted over this PLC channel and processes these pilot signals to calculate a channel estimate. Each time the electrical state of the vehicle changes, the frequency response (of this PLC channel) also changes, as observed at the receiver PLC module.Changes in the frequency response of the PLC channel can be observed at the receiver PLC module as changes in the channel estimates, which it calculates based on the received pilot signals. Therefore, if there is a change in the electrical state, the observed channel estimate will vary.

[0054] According to the disclosed embodiments, any change in the electrical state can be used to initiate reflectometric processing of pilot signals. Thus, when it is determined that a change in the new electrical state has occurred, method 500 proceeds to 530. In 530, the processor can retrieve comparison line reference information and perform a channel estimation of the powerline communication network using the received pilot signals that the processor has received over the powerline communication network. The comparison line reference information for this new electrical state can include an expected channel estimation of the powerline communication network if it is known to have no deviations.If there are no deviations for a given electrical state, the calculated channel estimate should correspond to an expected channel estimate specified by the comparison line reference information. The comparison line reference information can vary depending on the implementation. In one embodiment, the comparison line reference information might include an expected channel estimate between a specific pair of PLC modules (i.e., a specific transmitter PLC module and a specific receiver PLC module). For example, in a distributed reflectometry system, each specific receiver PLC module has comparison line reference information associated with it and each specific transmitter PLC module in the network.In contrast, in a central reflectometry system, a central PLC module has comparison line reference information that is associated with all possible pairs of transmitter and receiver PLC modules.

[0055] The reference line information differs for each electrical state because different systems and subsystems are coupled to the PLC network. In other words, for each specific electrical state, the reference line information is specific to that particular electrical state. As described below, the reference line information can be used to detect deviations in a PLC channel. In one embodiment, the reference line information can include a known channel estimate that characterizes normal or expected behavior of the powerline communication network (e.g., as a function of frequency) between a specific pair of PLC modules (i.e., a specific transmitter PLC module and a specific receiver PLC module) that are connected in that particular electrical state.In one embodiment, the comparison line reference information can be specific characteristics or features of the expected frequency response (e.g., expected phase / amplitude measurements) between a particular pair of PLC modules connected in this specific electrical state. Method 500 then proceeds to 540, where the processor determines whether the calculated channel estimate substantially matches the expected channel estimate for this new electrical state. For example, in one embodiment, the processor can compare the actual calculated channel estimate with the expected channel estimate to determine whether the calculated channel estimate is as expected for this specific new electrical state.In other words, the actual calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication network in the new electrical state can be compared with an expected channel estimate of the powerline communication network for this new electrical state.

[0056] If the processor (at 540) determines that the calculated channel estimate is substantially the same as (or "matches") the expected channel estimate for this new electrical state, it can be determined that no deviation has been detected in the PLC network, and procedure 500 returns to 530 in a loop.

[0057] If the processor (at 540) determines that the calculated channel estimate does not substantially match (or "match") the expected channel estimate for this new electrical state, this means that something has changed on the powerline communication channel, such as a change in a specific power line of this network, the return (ground) line, or a specific vehicle module coupled to the powerline communication network. In other words, a deviation is associated with the powerline communication network (e.g., a deviation on a power line to which the PLC module is coupled). Thus, if the calculated channel estimate does not substantially match an expected channel estimate (at 540), it can be determined that a deviation has been detected, and the procedure then proceeds to 550.

[0058] For each specific electrical state, a set or program library containing known anomalous channel estimates (e.g., through testing) can be generated. This set or library can then be used to identify the specific nature and / or location of the anomaly. To further clarify this, each anomalous channel estimate is associated with a specific anomaly (e.g., a specific anomaly type). The set or library of anomalous channel estimates for a given electrical state can be a library of references (e.g., characteristics or curves). Each reference identifies a different known anomalous state in the powerline communication network (e.g., as a function of frequency during operation in that specific electrical state).In one embodiment, the set of anomalous channel estimates for this new electrical state can be a program library containing references, where each reference comprises an anomalous channel estimate between a specific pair of PLC modules (i.e., a specific transmitter PLC module and a specific receiver PLC module). For example, in a distributed reflectometry system, each specific receiver PLC module has a set of anomalous channel estimates for every electrical state associated with it and each specific transmitter PLC module in the network. In contrast, in a centralized reflectometry system, a centralized PLC module has a set of anomalous channel estimates for every electrical state associated with all possible pairs of transmitter and receiver PLC modules.As previously mentioned, a set of anomalous channel estimates for each electrical state can comprise a program library with references, where each reference contains an anomalous channel estimate. As described below, the program libraries can be used to diagnose the specific nature and location of the deviation. By comparing the actual calculated PLC estimate with the set of anomalous channel estimates, a match can be found to identify the specific nature of the deviation in the powerline communication network.

[0059] At 550, the processor compares the calculated channel estimate with a set or program library containing anomalous channel estimates for this new electrical state, and can find a suitable anomalous channel estimate based on this comparison, which identifies the specific type and / or position of the deviation.

[0060] Fig. Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating another method 600 according to various embodiments. It should be noted that the steps of method 600 are not necessarily presented in a specific order, and that performing some or all of the steps in an alternative sequence is possible and considered. The steps have been presented in the sequence shown to facilitate description and explanation. Furthermore, steps can be added, omitted, and / or performed simultaneously without departing from the scope of the accompanying claims. It should also be noted that the illustrated method 600 can terminate at any time.In certain embodiments, some or all steps of this process and / or substantially equivalent steps are performed by executing processor-readable instructions, which are, for example, stored or contained on a non-temporary processor-readable medium. For example, references to a processor performing the functions of this disclosure refer to one or more cooperating computing components that execute instructions, such as in the form of an algorithm provided on a processor-readable medium, such as memory associated with a processor of a vehicle module, a powerline communication module, or a reflectometer module (if the reflectometer module is implemented using hardware).

[0061] Blocks 610 and 620 are the same as or similar to the previously described blocks 510 and 520. For the sake of brevity, the description of these blocks will not be repeated.

[0062] At 630, the processor retrieves an index for the new electrical state from a database.

[0063] The processor has access to and / or includes a database. Each electrical state has an associated index that can be used to retrieve PLC channel information from the database. For each specific electrical state index, the database includes corresponding PLC channel information. This PLC information may include (1) comparison line reference information for that electrical state and (2) a set or "program library" of anomalous channel estimates for that electrical state, each anomalous channel estimate associated with a specific deviation (e.g., a specific deviation type). The comparison line reference information may vary depending on the implementation. In one embodiment, the comparison line reference information may be an expected channel estimate between a specific pair of PLC modules (i.e.,a specific transmitter PLC module and a specific receiver PLC module). For example, in a distributed reflectometry system, each specific receiver PLC module has reference line information associated with it and with each specific transmitter PLC module in the network. In contrast, in a centralized reflectometry system, a central PLC module has reference line information associated with all possible pairs of transmitter and receiver PLC modules.

[0064] The reference line information differs for each electrical state because different systems and subsystems are coupled to the PLC network. In other words, for each specific electrical state, the reference line information is specific to that electrical state. As described below, the reference line information can be used to detect anomalies in a PLC channel. In one embodiment, the reference line information can include a known channel estimate, which characterizes a normal or expected channel estimate of the powerline communication network (e.g., as a function of frequency) between a specific pair of PLC modules (i.e., a specific transmitter PLC module and a specific receiver PLC module) when connected in that particular electrical state.In one embodiment, the reference line information can be specific characteristics or features of the expected channel estimation between a particular pair of PLC modules connected in that specific electrical state. The reference line information for each electrical state can be measured during manufacturing (or at other times, such as during vehicle maintenance) and stored in a database. Alternatively, the reference line information for each electrical state can be dynamically acquired while the vehicle is operating normally and stored in a database. This allows for the consideration of changes to the vehicle over time.

[0065] The set or "program library" of anomalous channel estimates for this new electrical state can be a program library containing references (e.g., characteristics or curves). Each reference identifies a different known anomalous state in the powerline communication network (e.g., as a function of frequency when operating in that particular electrical state). In one embodiment, the set of anomalous channel estimates for this new electrical state can be a program library containing references, where each reference represents a specific anomalous channel estimate between a particular pair of PLC modules (i.e., a particular transmitter PLC module and a particular receiver PLC module).For example, in a distributed architecture, each specific receiver PLC module has a set of anomalous channel estimates for each electrical state associated with it and with each specific transmitter PLC module in the network. In contrast, in a centralized architecture, a central PLC module has a set of anomalous channel estimates for each electrical state associated with all possible pairs of transmitter and receiver PLC modules. As noted earlier, a set of anomalous channel estimates for each electrical state can comprise a program library with references, each reference containing an anomalous channel estimate. As described below, these program libraries can be used to diagnose the specific nature and location of the anomaly.By comparing the actual, calculated channel estimate with the set of anomalous channel estimates, a match can be found to identify the specific type of deviation in the powerline communication network.

[0066] At 640, the processor uses the index for the new electrical state to retrieve and load PLC channel information relevant to the new electrical state from the database.

[0067] At 650, the processor uses a computed channel estimate to calculate a metric. The computed channel estimate and the metric can vary depending on the implementation. In one embodiment, the processor can receive the channel estimate from calculations performed by another module. In another embodiment, the processor can calculate the channel estimate based on received pilot signals. For example, in one implementation, the processor receives pilot signals transmitted over the powerline communication network, measures the characteristics of the pilot signals to obtain measured pilot signal characteristics, and then calculates the computed channel estimate based on these measured pilot signal characteristics. The measured PLC channel characteristics can be discrete phase / amplitude pairs for each specific frequency band. In one embodiment, the metric can be a vector.For example, in one implementation, the vector can include phase and amplitude information for the pilot signal at each subcarrier frequency value (e.g., discrete channel estimates sampled on different frequency bands).

[0068] At step 660, the processor compares the metric with the (previously described) reference line information for the new electrical state to determine the degree of correspondence between the metric and the reference line information (e.g., how well the metric matches the reference line information). The degree of correspondence between the metric and the reference line information can be determined differently depending on the embodiment and the type of metric and reference line information used. For example, in an embodiment where the metric and reference line information are in the form of a set of channel estimates, an absolute value of an overlap range between the two sets of channel estimates can be used to determine the degree of correspondence between the metric and the reference line information.In other embodiments where the metric and the comparison line reference information are in vector form, a distance measurement between the two vectors can be determined to ascertain the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information. For example, in one embodiment, a mean squared deviation can be used as the distance measurement between the two vectors. In another embodiment, a first-order standard of the difference between the metric vector and the vector of comparison line reference information can be used as the distance measurement. In still other embodiments, other distance measurements between the metric vector and the vector of comparison line reference information can be used to ascertain the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information.If the processor determines that there is a significant mismatch between the metric and the reference line information, then this means that there is a deviation on the PLC channel (or in the PLC network). Conversely, if the processor determines that the metric and the reference line information are substantially similar, then if there is no substantial similarity, then this means that there are no deviations on the PLC channel (or in the PLC network).

[0069] At 670, the processor determines whether the degree of correspondence between the metric and the reference line information is within a threshold. In one embodiment, to determine whether the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication substantially matches the expected channel estimate, the processor determines whether a difference between the metric and the reference line information is within a threshold. In this way, the processor can determine whether a mismatch between the metric and the reference line information is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, in one embodiment, to determine whether the mismatch is greater than or equal to a threshold, the processor can determine whether the distance measurement between the metric vector and the reference line information vector (e.g.,(over several pilot sessions or packages) within a threshold.

[0070] If, at 670, the processor determines that the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is within the threshold (e.g., if the mismatch between the metric and the comparison line reference information is less than the threshold), it determines that no deviation has been detected on the PCL (or in the PLC network), and procedure 600 loops back to 650.

[0071] If, at step 670, the processor determines that the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within a threshold (e.g., if the mismatch between the metric and the comparison line reference information is greater than or equal to the threshold), it determines that a deviation has been detected on the PCL (or in the PLC network), and procedure 600 can then proceed to the optional step 680.

[0072] In the optional step 680, the processor compares the calculated channel estimate with a set of anomalous channel estimates for the new electrical state (loaded from the program library in step 640). In one embodiment, the processor compares the calculated channel estimate with a set of known anomalous channel estimates for the new electrical state. The set of known anomalous channel estimates could be a program library containing references (e.g., a set of characteristics / curves) that characterize various anomalous conditions in the powerline communication network when operating in the new electrical state. If a match is found between the actual calculated channel estimates and the set of anomalous channel estimates, the processor has identified the specific nature and location of the deviation.In this respect, the deviation could be, for example, a specific type of defect, fault, or failure associated with this powerline communication network, its position along the powerline communication network, etc. Examples of deviations include poor connections, degraded connections, short circuits, open circuits, other problematic conditions on the vehicle's power lines, or other problems with the vehicle modules themselves.

[0073] Once the specific type and location of the deviation have been identified at step 680, the procedure continues from step 600 to step 690. At step 690, information about the new electrical state and the specific type and location of the deviation can be stored in such a way that it can then be used to diagnose the powerline communication network.

[0074] The foregoing description has been provided for the purpose of explanation and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the claims. The embodiments described above are provided to best explain a practical application and to enable other persons skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications suitable for the intended specific use.

[0075] In some cases, well-known components, systems, or processes have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific operational and functional details disclosed here are not to be interpreted as restrictive but merely as a representative basis for the instruction of the person skilled in the art.

[0076] The person skilled in the art will further understand that the various explanatory logic blocks and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations thereof. Some of the embodiments and implementations have been described previously with regard to functional and / or logical block components (or modules) and various processing steps. It is understood, however, that these block components (or modules) can be formed by any number of hardware, software, and / or firmware components configured to perform the specified functions. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various explanatory components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have previously been described in general terms with regard to their functionality.Whether this functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints to which the overall system is subject. A person skilled in the art may implement the described functionality differently for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

[0077] The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented directly as hardware, as a software module executed by a processor, or as a combination of both. A software module can reside in RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, registers, on a hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and the storage medium can be contained within an ASIC.

[0078] The block diagrams in Fig.Figures 1 to 4B illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this respect, each block in the block diagrams can represent a module, segment, or section of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions mentioned in the block may appear in a different order than shown in the figures.It should also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams, can be implemented by special hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or actions, or by combinations of special hardware and computer instructions.

[0079] In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like, may only be used to distinguish one entity or action from another, without necessarily requiring or implying an actual relationship or sequence between these entities or actions. Ordinal numbers, such as "first," "second," "third," etc., simply denote different individual elements of a multitude and do not imply any order or sequence unless specifically defined in the wording of the claims. The flow of text in the respective claims does not require that the process steps be executed in a chronological or logical order according to this flow, unless specifically defined in the wording of the claims.The process steps can be exchanged in any order without leaving the scope of the invention, as long as such an exchange does not contradict the formulation of the claims and is not illogical.

[0080] The terminology used here serves only to describe specific examples and is not intended to be restrictive. As used here, the singular forms "ein, eine, ein" and "der, die, das" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it is understood that the terms "umbandt" and / or "umfassend," when used in this description, presuppose the presence of specified features, integers, steps, processes, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, processes, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0081] Furthermore, depending on the context, words such as "connect" or "coupled with," which are used to describe a relationship between different elements, do not necessarily imply that a direct physical connection between these elements must be established. For example, two elements can be connected to each other physically, electronically, logically, or otherwise via one or more additional elements.

[0082] The detailed description provides the person skilled in the art with practical guidance for implementing the embodiment or embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Although, for example, some of the embodiments have been described with reference to frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR) techniques, it is understood that these embodiments are not limiting. In other embodiments, a reflectometry processor or a reflectometer module may employ time-domain reflectometry (TDR) techniques. For example, in a system employing an active TDR, the reflectometer module transmits short pulses over a power line and then switches to a receive state to observe the waveform received over the power line and monitor the reflections. The magnitude, duration, and shape of the reflected waveform (i.e.,Step or impulse response) are analyzed for specific properties of the powerline communication network. Examples

[0083] Example 1. A system, encompassing: a multitude of vehicle modules, each comprising a powerline communication module; and a vehicle powerline communication network comprising: power lines configured to transmit electrical energy to the vehicle modules, wherein the powerline communication modules enable the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, wherein the powerline communication modules comprise: a first powerline communication module, which is configured to transmit pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and a second powerline communication module, which includes the following: a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals to detect deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0084] Example 2. A system according to Example 1, wherein the reflectometer module is configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and performs reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state to locate deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0085] Example 3. A system according to Example 1 or 2, wherein the reflectometer module is further configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to perform reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state to identify deviations in the powerline communication network and to determine the specific nature of the deviation.

[0086] Example 4. A system according to one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the reflectometer module comprises the following: a frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) module configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to compare an actual channel estimate of the powerline communication with a set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state in order to determine whether there is a match between the actual channel estimate of the powerline communication and any of the reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state.

[0087] Example 5. A system according to Example 4, wherein the set of powerline communication reference channel estimates for that particular current electrical state includes at least one of: powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating defects; powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating faults; powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating failures on the vehicle's power lines; and powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating deviations in the vehicle modules.

[0088] Example 6. A system according to any of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the second powerline communication module is implemented in a vehicle health management module (VHMM) and further comprises the following: a third powerline communication module, configured to transmit other pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and wherein the reflectometer module is configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals and the other pilot signals in order to detect deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0089] Example 7. A vehicle, comprising: a powerline communication network comprising: a plurality of power lines, each power line being designed to transmit electrical energy; and a plurality of vehicle modules, each connected to at least one of the power lines, each vehicle module comprising: a power line communication module communicatively coupled to at least one of the power lines, the power line communication modules enabling the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, where at least one of the powerline communication modules includes the following: a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on pilot signals transmitted via the powerline communication network in order to determine certain properties of the powerline communication network.

[0090] Example 8. A vehicle according to Example 7, wherein the reflectometer module is configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and performs reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state to detect deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0091] Example 9. A vehicle according to Example 7 or 8, wherein the reflectometer module is configured to perform reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state to locate deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0092] Example 10. A vehicle according to one of Examples 7 to 9, wherein the reflectometer module is further configured to perform reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state to indicate deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0093] Example 11. A vehicle according to one of Examples 7 to 10, wherein the reflectometer module comprises the following: a frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) module configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to compare an actual channel estimate of the powerline communication with a set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state in order to determine whether there is a match between the actual channel estimate of the powerline communication and any of the reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state.

[0094] Example 12. A vehicle according to Example 11, wherein the set of powerline communication reference channel estimates for that particular current electrical state includes at least one of: powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating defects; powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating faults; powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating failures in the vehicle's power lines; and powerline communication reference channel estimates indicating deviations in the vehicle's modules.

[0095] Example 13. A vehicle according to any of Examples 7 to 12, in response to the determination that there has been a change from an existing electrical state to a new electrical state, wherein the reflectometer module is configured to: Measuring characteristics of the pilot signals received via the powerline communication network; Calculating a channel estimate for powerline communication based on the measured characteristics of the pilot signals; Calculate, based on the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication, a metric for the new electrical state;

[0096] Accessing channel information, which includes: comparison line reference information for the new electrical state, wherein the comparison line reference information includes: information that characterizes an expected channel estimate of the powerline communication for the new electrical state when the powerline communication network has no deviations;

[0097] Determine whether the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is within a threshold to determine whether the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication is substantially the same as the expected channel estimate of the powerline communication. If the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within the threshold, detect a deviation in the powerline communication network and record the new electrical state and an indication that the deviation has been detected in the powerline communication network.

[0098] Example 14. A vehicle according to Example 13, wherein the channel information further comprises: a set of known anomalous powerline communication channel estimates for the new electrical state, wherein each of the known anomalous powerline communication channel estimates is associated with a specific type of deviation, and where the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within the threshold, wherein the reflectometer module is further configured to: Identifying a specific type of deviation detected in the powerline communication network by: Compare the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication with each from the set of known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication for the new electrical state to find one that corresponds to the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication; and

[0099] Recording the new electrical state, the indication that the deviation was detected in the powerline communication network, the specific type of detected deviation, and the position of the deviation within the powerline communication network.

[0100] Example 15. A vehicle according to Example 14, wherein the set of known anomalous channel estimates of powerline communication for the new electrical state can be used to determine a specific type and position of a deviation by comparing the calculated channel estimate of powerline communication with a specific one from the set of anomalous channel estimates of powerline communication, in order to identify the specific type of deviation in the powerline communication network.

[0101] Example 16. A vehicle according to Example 14 or 15, wherein the set of known anomalous channel estimates of powerline communication for the new electrical state includes the following: A program library containing references that identify different abnormal states in the powerline communication network when operating in the new electrical state, wherein each reference identifies a different known abnormal state in the powerline communication network between a specific sender powerline communication module and a specific receiver powerline communication module as a function of frequency when operating in that specific electrical state.

[0102] Example 17. A vehicle according to any of Examples 7 to 16, wherein the second powerline communication module is implemented in a vehicle health management module (VHMM), and further comprising: a third powerline communication module, configured to transmit other pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and wherein the reflectometer module is configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals and the other pilot signals in order to detect deviations in the powerline communication network.

[0103] Example 18. In a vehicle comprising a plurality of vehicle modules, each of which has a powerline communication module, a method for detecting deviations in a powerline communication network comprising power lines designed to transmit electrical energy to the vehicle modules and to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, wherein the method comprises the following steps: Transmission of pilot signals from a powerline communication module over the powerline communication network; and in response to the determination that there has been a change from an existing electrical state to a new electrical state, processing of the pilot signals by a reflectometer module of another powerline communication module to determine whether a deviation has been detected in the powerline communication network.

[0104] Example 19. A method according to Example 18, wherein the processing of the pilot signals comprises the following: Measuring the characteristics of the pilot signals received via the powerline communication network; Calculating a channel estimate for powerline communication based on the measured characteristics of the pilot signals; Calculate, based on the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication, a metric for the new electrical state; Accessing channel information, which includes: comparison line reference information for the new electrical state, wherein the comparison line reference information includes: information that characterizes an expected channel estimate of the powerline communication for the new electrical state when the powerline communication network has no deviations; Determine whether the degree of correspondence between the metric in the comparison line reference information is within a threshold to determine whether the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication is substantially the same as the expected channel estimate of the powerline communication; Detect a deviation in the powerline communication network when the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within the threshold; and Recording the new electrical state and an indication that the deviation was detected in the powerline communication network.

[0105] Example 20. A method according to Example 19, wherein the channel information further comprises: a set of known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication for the new electrical state, wherein each of the known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication is associated with a specific type of deviation and identifies a specific anomalous state in the powerline communication network when operating in the new electrical state, and if the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within the threshold, further comprising the following steps: Identifying a specific type of deviation detected in the powerline communication network by: Compare the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication with each from the set of known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication to find one of the references that corresponds to the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication; and the recording includes the following: Recording the new electrical state, the indication that the deviation was detected in the powerline communication network, the specific type of detected deviation, and the position of the deviation within the powerline communication network.

[0106] Although at least one embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description, it is understood that numerous variations exist. It is also understood that the embodiment(s) is / are purely illustrative and is / are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide the person skilled in the art with practical guidance for implementing an embodiment of the invention. It is understood that various modifications to the function and arrangement of the elements can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the accompanying claims.

Claims

[1] A system, encompassing: - a variety of vehicle modules, each comprising a powerline communication module; and - a vehicle powerline communication network comprising: power lines designed to transmit electrical energy to the vehicle modules, wherein the powerline communication modules enable the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, the powerline communication modules comprising: - a first powerline communication module configured to transmit pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and - a second powerline communication module, which includes the following: - a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals to detect deviations in the powerline communication network, wherein the reflectometer module comprises the following: - a frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) module configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to compare an actual channel estimate of the powerline communication with a set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state in order to determine if there is a match between the actual channel estimate of the powerline communication and any of the reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state. [2] The system according to claim 1, wherein the reflectometer module is configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and performs reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state to locate deviations in the powerline communication network. [3] The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflectometer module is further configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to perform reflectometric processing based on the current electrical state in order to identify deviations in the powerline communication network and to determine the specific type of deviation. [4] The system according to claim 1, wherein the set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for this particular current electrical state comprises at least one of: reference channel estimates of the powerline communication indicating defects; reference channel estimates of the powerline communication indicating faults; reference channel estimates of the powerline communication indicating failures in the vehicle's power lines; and reference channel estimates of the powerline communication indicating deviations in vehicle modules. [5] The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second powerline communication module is implemented in a vehicle health monitoring module (VHMM) and further comprises: - a third powerline communication module, configured to transmit other pilot signals over the powerline communication network, and - wherein the reflectometer module is configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals and the other pilot signals to detect deviations in the powerline communication network. [6] A vehicle comprising: - a powerline communication network comprising: a plurality of power lines, each power line being designed to transmit electrical energy; and - a plurality of vehicle modules, each connected to at least one of the power lines, each vehicle module comprising the following: a powerline communication module which is communicatively coupled to at least one of the power lines, wherein the powerline communication modules enable the power lines to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, - wherein at least one of the powerline communication modules comprises: a reflectometer module configured to perform reflectometric processing on the pilot signals transmitted via the powerline communication network to determine properties of the powerline communication network, wherein the reflectometer module comprises: - - a frequency domain reflectometer module (FDR) configured to determine a current electrical state of the vehicle and to compare an actual channel estimate of the powerline communication with a set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state in order to determine whether there is a match between the actual channel estimate of the powerline communication and any of the reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for that particular current electrical state. [7] In a vehicle comprising a plurality of vehicle modules, each of which has a powerline communication module, a method for detecting deviations in a powerline communication network comprising power lines designed to transmit electrical energy to the vehicle modules and to transmit communication information to and from the vehicle modules, the method comprising the following steps: - Transmitting pilot signals from a powerline communication module over the powerline communication network; and - in response to the determination that there has been a change from an existing electrical state to a new electrical state, processing the pilot signals by a reflectometer module of another powerline communication module to determine whether an anomaly has been detected in the powerline communication network, wherein the reflectometer module comprises a frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) module, and wherein the processing of the pilot signals by the reflectometer module comprises the following steps: - Determining the current electrical state of the vehicle; - Comparing an actual channel estimate of the powerline communication with a set of reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for this particular current state to determine if there is a match between the actual channel estimate of the powerline communication and one of the reference channel estimates of the powerline communication for this particular current electrical state. [8] The method according to claim 7, wherein the processing of the pilot signals comprises: - Measuring characteristics of the pilot signals received via the powerline communication network; - Calculating a channel estimate for powerline communication based on the measured characteristics of the pilot signals; - Calculate, based on the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication, a metric for the new electrical state; - Accessing channel information, which includes: comparison line reference information for the new electrical state, wherein the comparison line reference information includes: information that characterizes an expected channel estimate of the powerline communication for the new electrical state when the powerline communication network has no deviations; - Determine whether the degree of correspondence between the metric in the comparison line reference information is within a threshold to determine whether the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication is substantially the same as the expected channel estimate of the powerline communication; - Detect a deviation in the powerline communication network when the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within the threshold; and - Recording the new electrical state and an indication that the deviation was detected in the powerline communication network. [9] The method according to claim 8, wherein the channel information further comprises: a set of known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication for the new electrical state, wherein each of the known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication is associated with a specific type of deviation and characterizes a specific anomalous state in the powerline communication network when operating in the new electrical state, and where the degree of correspondence between the metric and the comparison line reference information is not within the threshold, further comprising: - Identifying a specific type of anomaly detected in the powerline communication network by: comparing the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication with each from the set of known anomalous channel estimates of the powerline communication to find one of the references that matches the calculated channel estimate of the powerline communication; and - where the recording includes the following: - Recording the new electrical state, the indication that the deviation was detected in the powerline communication network, the specific type of detected deviation, and the location of the deviation within the powerline communication network.

Images