OPTICAL SYSTEM AND IMAGE ACQUISITIONING DEVICE

Abstract

An optical system (OS1 to OS26) comprises a first transmissive reflecting surface (HM1), a second transmissive reflecting surface (HM2) positioned closer to the image than the first transmissive reflecting surface, and a lens (L1 or L2) positioned either closer to the object than the first transmissive reflecting surface or closer to the image than the second transmissive reflecting surface. The first transmissive reflecting surface is configured to move along one direction of an optical axis during focusing. The lens is separated from each of the first and second transmissive reflecting surfaces, respectively.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an optical system and an image pickup device. BACKGROUNDDescription of the state of the art

[0002] The miniaturization of imaging optical systems has recently gained momentum due to the proliferation of smartphone cameras, the shift from SLR to mirrorless cameras in the high-end camera market, and the like. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-352273 discloses a compact optical system (polarized light reflecting imaging system) comprising a polarizing element and a half mirror.

[0003] The optical system disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2005-352273 has a dark f-number, for example, 2.85. Due to this configuration, the amount of light from the polarized light-reflecting imaging system is one-eighth when randomly polarized light is incident on it. Therefore, the system is configured with a brighter f-number than a normal optical system. Furthermore, the optical system disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2005-352273 cannot satisfactorily suppress aberrations during focusing or increase the magnification during imaging, and thus cannot realize high optical performance over a wide focus range. SUMMARY

[0004] The present disclosure in its first aspect provides an optical system as set out in claims 1 to 18.

[0005] The present disclosure in its second aspect provides an image pickup apparatus as set out in claim 19.

[0006] Further features of various embodiments of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention described below can each be implemented alone or as a combination of several of the embodiments. Furthermore, features from different embodiments can be combined as needed, or when combining elements or features from individual embodiments in a common embodiment is advantageous. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical path of an optical system according to a respective example. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating another optical path of the optical system according to a respective example. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 1. Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 2. Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 2. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 3. Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 3. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 4. Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 4. Fig. 11 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 5. Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 5. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 6. Fig. 14A and Fig. 14B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 6. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 7. Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 7. Fig. 17 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 8. Fig. 18A and Fig. 18B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 8. Fig. 19 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 9. Fig. 20A and Fig. 20B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 9. Fig. 21 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 10. Fig. 22A and Fig. 22B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 10. Fig. 23 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 11. Fig. 24A and Fig. 24B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 11. Fig. 25 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 12. Fig. 26A and Fig. 26B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 12. Fig. 27 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 13. Fig. 28A and Fig. 28B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 13. Fig. 29 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 14. Fig. 30A and Fig. 30B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 14. Fig. 31 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 15. Fig. 32A and Fig. 32B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 15. Fig. 33 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 16. Fig. 34A and Fig. 34B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 16. Fig. 35 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 17. Fig. 36A and Fig. 36B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 17. Fig. 37 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 18. Fig. 38A and Fig. 38B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 18. Fig. 39 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 19. Fig. 40A and Fig. 40B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 19. Fig. 41 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 20. Fig. 42A and Fig. 42B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 20. Fig. 43 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 21. Fig. 44A and Fig. 44B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 21. Fig. 45 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 22. Fig. 46A and Fig. 46B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 22. Fig. 47 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 23. Fig. 48A and Fig. 48B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 23. Fig. 49 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 24. Fig. 50A and Fig. 50B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 24. Fig. 51 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 25. Fig. 52A and Fig. 52B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 25. Fig. 53 is a sectional view of an optical system according to Example 26. Fig. 54A and Fig. 54B are aberration diagrams of the optical system according to Example 26. Fig. 55 is a schematic diagram of the image pickup apparatus having the optical system according to one of the above examples. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0007] With reference to the accompanying drawings, a detailed description will now be given of embodiments according to the disclosure.

[0008] The optical system (imaging optical system) according to each example performs imaging by forming an object image on an image plane, disposing an image sensor, a photosensitive film, or the like on the image plane, and capturing an image. The optical system according to each example includes, in this order from the object side to the image side, a first refractive lens L1, a first transmissive reflecting (e.g., transflective) surface HM1, a quarter-wave plate QWP, and a second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. Light incident from the object side transmits through the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the quarter-wave plate QWP, in this order, and is reflected by the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2.The light then transmits through the quarter-wave plate QWP, is reflected by the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, transmits through the quarter-wave plate QWP and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2, and enters an image plane IM, such as an image sensor or a photosensitive film. Thus, a phase shifter can be arranged between the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. The phase shifter can, for example, use a quarter-wave plate (QWP) or a 45° optical rotator (such as a Faraday rotator).

[0009] The first and second transmissive reflecting surfaces HM1 and HM2 do not necessarily have a transmittance of 50% and a reflectance of 50%. A transmittance-to-reflectance ratio for randomly polarized light may range from 1:3 to 3:1. Randomly polarized light is light with Stokes parameters S0 = 1, S1 = S2 = S3 = 0. Each of the first and second transmissive reflecting surfaces HM1 and HM2 may absorb light. A lens (light-transmitting elements made of glass or resin) may be formed or cemented on both sides or one side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 or the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. In other words, at least one of the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface may be provided on a cemented surface of two light-transmitting elements.

[0010] The quarter-wave plate (QWP) may, for example, use a crystal, a polymer film, or a liquid crystal alignment layer with birefringence. A laminate of such crystals, polymer films, or liquid crystal alignment layers may also be used. Proper lamination of them can provide a phase difference close to a quarter of a wavelength in a wide wavelength range. For example, "WA-140T" from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., "Polar Correct" from Colorlink Japan Co., Ltd., or the like can be used. The quarter-wave plate (QWP) is not limited to the above example and may be one that uses a subwavelength structure or metastructure. Specifically, for example, an inorganic waveplate from Dexerials Corporation or a product called "Nanoable Waveplate" from ENEOS Corporation can be used.

[0011] The quarter-wave plate QWP can, for example, be cemented to the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 or the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. The quarter-wave plate QWP can also be arranged separately from these transmissive reflecting surfaces. For example, the film as the quarter-wave plate QWP can be inserted directly into the beam path, or the film can be bonded to a glass plate and inserted into the beam path. A lens can be formed or cemented on both sides or one side of the quarter-wave plate QWP. For example, a lens can be formed on one side or both sides of the inorganic wave plate using wafer-level optics technology as a substrate.

[0012] In a case where an optical system with such a configuration is extended to its full length during focusing (i.e., focusing is performed by moving all lenses forward and backward along the optical axis by the same amount of movement), the image quality deteriorates during extension. A generally expected focusable range for an imaging lens is from infinity to a distance of more than 0.1 times, and performing focusing may be possible at least in this range and high image quality can be ensured. Focusing can be performed up to a high magnification. In a respective example, changing a focused position is called focusing.The direction in which optical elements such as lenses and transmissive reflecting surfaces are moved during focusing is along the optical axis unless otherwise specified, and descriptions such as "in the direction along the optical axis" may be omitted. Generally, maintaining high image quality over a wide imaging magnification range becomes more difficult when an optical system has a larger aperture diameter. The optical system according to a respective example achieves high image quality over a wide imaging magnification range despite its large aperture.

[0013] The optical system according to a respective example is an imaging optical system that can change a focused position by moving the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 back and forth along the optical axis. The optical system according to a respective example includes a refractive lens that does not move when the focused position is changed or a distance between the refractive lens and the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 changes, and the refractive lens is not integrated with either of the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflective surface HM2 (e.g., the refractive lens is separated from a respective transmissive reflective surface).The refractive lens used here does not include any optical element that is a parallel plate or a near-parallel plate, such as a protective filter, a sensor protection glass, an IR-cut filter, a UV-cut filter, and a low-pass filter. An example of a refractive lens that is not a near-parallel plate is a spherical lens in which the absolute value of the radius of curvature of at least one surface is less than 1 / 20 of the total focal length of the optical system. In addition, "integrated" here means that the lens is cemented, bonded, or fixed (e.g., it does not matter whether another lens is interposed), and "non-integrated" means that an air gap is interposed (e.g., interposed).

[0014] Thus, independently moving the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 during focusing can provide high image quality over a wide focus range. Moving the reflecting surface with a high aberration correction capability can provide high image quality over a wide focus range. As in the numerical examples described below, the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 may have a flat surface. In this case, high image quality can be achieved even if the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 is moved during focusing and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 is fixed. This is for the following reasons. For example, when the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 is moved forward, a distance between the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 increases.This is equivalent to extending the length of an optical path from a point where the light beam is reflected by the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 to the image plane, and pseudo-moving the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 with a high aberration correction capability. Therefore, the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 can be pseudo-moved by moving the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, and high image quality can be achieved over a wide focus range, even when the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 has no refractive power.

[0015] To move an optical element for focusing, space is required for the movement to occur. The first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 is suitable as a unit to be moved during focusing because this space can be easily secured on the object side. When the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 is moved for focusing, it is difficult to secure this space. As in the numerical examples described below, the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 can have a concave shape toward the object side or be flat. To focus from infinity to a close range, the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 often needs to move toward the image side.In a case where a longer backfocus is required, such as in a lens for an interchangeable-lens camera, a non-usable space must be provided on the image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. Even if the backfocus can be reduced, it is difficult to ensure sufficient space for focusing. This is because a refractive lens is to be placed on the image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 to correct image plane fluctuation or to increase the light condensing power and increase the f-number.

[0016] In the optical system according to a respective example, the following inequality (1) can be satisfied: −1.00≤ϕfr / ϕtotal≤0.42 where Φfr is the refractive power of a portion of the optical system on the object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and Φtotal is the refractive power of the (entire) optical system.

[0017] In the optical system according to a respective example, a reflective surface has the highest aberration correction capability. The reflective surface has a Petzval sum with the opposite sign to the refractive power of the reflective surface and does not produce chromatic aberration. Effectively utilizing this reflective surface is important for achieving high image quality over a wide focus range despite the large aperture.

[0018] Satisfying inequality (1) can cause a light beam to enter the reflecting surface with a high beam height and exit the reflecting surface at an angle close to the normal to the reflecting surface (generally, as an incident angle relative to the surface normal increases, the aberration of the beam increases). Therefore, high image quality can be realized in a wide focus range. In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (1), a beam will largely converge on the front side (object side) of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, and an incident beam height on the reflecting surface decreases. Thus, the contribution of the reflecting surface to aberration correction becomes small, and it is difficult to realize high image quality in a wide focus range.On the other hand, when the value becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (1), the effective diameter of the reflecting surface increases, the size of the entire optical system increases, and the weight of the lens unit (focus unit) that moves during focusing increases. Furthermore, the optical system as a whole tends to exhibit increasingly reverse telephoto-type characteristics, so the overall optical length increases. In a case where the weight of the focus unit increases, a large, high-thrust motor must be used during autofocus (AF), which increases the size and manufacturing cost. For example, the refractive power on the object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 is the refractive power of a subgroup from the first surface to the third surface in Numerical Example 1 described later.

[0019] In the optical system according to a respective example, the following inequality (2) can be satisfied: 0.15≤Hm2 / f≤3.00 where Hm2 is a distance from the optical axis to the reflection point in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis when an axial marginal ray is reflected by the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2, and f is a focal length of the (entire) optical system.

[0020] In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (2), the transmissive reflecting surface becomes too large for the specification of the optical system, and the overall size of the optical system increases. Furthermore, in the optical system according to a respective example, the transmissive reflecting surface having a reflecting power tends to have high tilt sensitivity to aberrations. Thus, the transmissive reflecting surface having a reflecting power may include a tilt adjustment mechanism, and in a case where this mechanism is integrated, the diameter of the optical system including the lens barrel becomes even larger.On the other hand, if the value is lower than the lower limit of inequality (2), the incident ray height on the reflecting surface becomes too low, and the longitudinal chromatic aberration cannot be sufficiently corrected. As the aperture diameter increases, the influence of longitudinal chromatic aberration on image quality increases, so the longitudinal chromatic aberration can be particularly small in a lens with a large aperture diameter, such as the optical system in the example.

[0021] In the optical system according to a respective example, the following inequality (3) can be satisfied: 0.0≤dpupil / f≤2.0 where dpupil is a distance from a surface closest to the object to the entrance pupil of the optical system.

[0022] Here, the entrance pupil is an entrance pupil for an on-axis light beam, which is an entrance pupil at a maximum aperture in an optical system with an aperture stop. In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (3), the shielding of an off-axis light beam by the lens barrel and the outer periphery of the lens, or objective, and consequently the peripheral dimming increases. To prevent light shielding, the lens diameter on the object side must be increased, and thus the overall size of the optical system increases. By definition, the value in a general optical system never becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (3).

[0023] In the optical system according to a respective example, the following inequality (4) can be satisfied: 0.6≤Pm1 / Ppupil≤2.0 where Pm1 is an effective diameter of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and Ppupil is an entrance pupil diameter of the optical system.

[0024] Here, the entrance pupil is an entrance pupil for an on-axis light beam. The effective diameter of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 is the larger of a diameter of a region through which a normal light beam transmits and a diameter of a region that reflects it in the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. When the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (4), the effective diameter of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 is large relative to the entrance pupil diameter, and the weight of the focus unit increases. On the other hand, when the value becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (4), the effective diameter of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 relative to the entrance pupil decreases, and the shielding of the off-axis light beam and, consequently, the peripheral dimming increase.In addition, the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 cannot sufficiently correct aberrations, and the image quality cannot be improved.

[0025] In the optical system according to a respective example, the following inequality (5) can be satisfied: 0.5≤Fno≤2.5 where Fno is an aperture number of the optical system.

[0026] In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (5), the amount of light reaching the image plane becomes too small, along with the light loss due to each transmissive reflecting surface. In addition, the polarizer (polarizing plate) and the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element described later generally cannot completely absorb or reflect light in the direction of the absorption axis or the reflection axis, respectively. Thus, the light for the characteristic defect reaches the image plane directly without being reflected by, for example, either of the two transmissive reflecting surfaces, and becomes ghost light. Since the intensity of this ghost light does not depend on the f-number, the ghost light intensity decreases relatively as the f-number becomes brighter.Thus, from the perspective of reducing the intensity of ghost light, the value can be within the range of inequality (5). In addition, in the general case where the medium on the image side is air, the value will never be lower than the lower limit of inequality (5).

[0027] Assume that the optical system according to a respective example includes a refractive lens arranged on the object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, configured to move integrally with the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 during focusing, and having an air gap between it and the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. Then, the following inequality (6) can be satisfied: −1.00≤ϕb / ϕtotal≤0.70 where Φb is the refractive power of a portion of the optical system on the object side of a lens unit that moves integrally with the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 during focusing.

[0028] During focusing, a light beam that is generally as close as possible to a parallel light beam can enter the focus unit, and thus high image quality can be achieved over a wide focus range. In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (6), light with a strong convergence tendency enters the focus unit, and this is not suitable for the reasons mentioned above. In addition, the backfocus decreases unless the focus unit has a strong negative refractive power. Thus, this is not suitable for applications that require a relatively long backfocus, such as those for interchangeable lens camera systems. In addition, the light rays largely converge on the front side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, and the incident ray height on the reflecting surface decreases.Therefore, the contribution of the reflecting surface to aberration correction decreases, and it becomes difficult to realize high image quality over a wide focus range. On the other hand, when the value becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (6), the effective diameter of the reflecting surface and ultimately the overall size of the optical system increase, and the weight of the lens unit (e.g., focus unit) that moves during focusing increases. Furthermore, the entire optical system tends to exhibit increasingly reverse telephoto-type characteristics, so the overall optical length increases.

[0029] In the optical systems according to a respective example, the following inequality (7) can be satisfied: 0.005≤|Δdf / f / Fno≤1.000| where |Δdf| is an amount of movement (during focusing) when the focused position is changed from infinity to a distance equal to 10 times the focal length of the (entire) optical system.

[0030] In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (7), a movement amount for focusing increases. The movement amount (or extension amount) of the focus unit increases, and the optical system becomes large during movement (extension). Alternatively, the movement amount of the focus unit becomes too large, and the AF time becomes long. On the other hand, in a case where the value becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (7), a focusing amount for the depth of field becomes too small, and fine focusing becomes difficult.

[0031] In the optical system according to a respective example, a distance (clearance) between the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 can change during focusing. Since normal light passes through the area between the reflecting surfaces a total of three times, by making this clearance variable, high image quality can be realized over a wide focus range while suppressing the amount of movement of the optical element during focusing.

[0032] In the optical system according to a respective example, when changing a focused position (during focusing), the aperture stop SP can be moved integrally with the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. Thus, the aperture stop SP or the entrance pupil is moved toward the object side during focusing, and thereby the one-sided aperture can be suppressed for focusing from infinity to a close range. The one-sided aperture is a phenomenon in which the center of an off-axis light beam passes a position distant from the center of the aperture stop when an off-axis light beam passes through the aperture stop. In a case where a distance between the centers is small, this is not a major problem, but in a case where the distance is large, problems such as peripheral dimming or unevenly shaped blur occur when the aperture is narrowed.

[0033] In the optical system according to a respective example, a refractive lens located outside a region between the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 can be moved during focusing. That is, at least one of a refractive lens on the object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and a refractive lens on the image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 can be moved as a focusing unit (or floating unit). The lens between the two transmissive reflecting surfaces acts on the light beam three times, thus having a strong influence on aberration correction, but fine adjustment of the aberration correction effect is difficult.A refractive lens configured to act only once on the light beam to moderately influence the aberration and located outside the transmissive reflecting surface can be moved as a focus unit (or floating unit).

[0034] In the optical system according to a respective example, each of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 cannot rotate by 0.5° or more around the optical axis when changing the focused position. As described later, in the optical system according to a respective example, the relative angles of the quarter-wave plate QWP and each of the transmissive reflecting surface with the optical axis as the rotation axis are important for preventing ghost images and ensuring a light quantity of normal light. Thus, the rotational movement of each of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 around the optical axis during focusing can be sufficiently small.In a case where all anisotropic elements, such as the quarter-wave plate (QWP) and a respective transmissive reflecting surface, rotate by the same amount, there is no problem in preventing ghosting and ensuring a sufficient amount of normal light. However, in a case where the degree of polarization of the light incident on the optical system is not low, the direction of the transmitted light changes due to the same rotation of each element. Therefore, depending on the object, brightness changes and color changes may occur during focusing.

[0035] In the optical systems according to a respective example, the following inequality (8) can be satisfied: 0.0≤|θm|≤8.0 where θm (°) may be the smaller of an opening angle of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and an opening angle of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2.

[0036] Here, the aperture angle is the angle of a surface normal relative to a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and is evaluated at the maximum value within the effective area. The effective area is the area through which normal light (i.e., non-ghost or non-stray light) transmits.

[0037] As described later, in the optical system according to each example, one of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 may use a polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element such as a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), and the other may use a half mirror. The half mirror can be formed by depositing a metal film or dielectric multilayer film on glass or resin by evaporation or sputtering, so it can support a relatively wide range of aperture angles. On the other hand, it is difficult to form a polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element on a curved surface.In a case where the shape is close to a flat surface, it can be manufactured using a process similar to that of the flat surface, but if the surface is less similar to the flat surface, a special process must be used. Thus, in a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (8), it is difficult to form a polarization-selective transmissive reflective element. By definition, the value never becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (8).

[0038] In a case where a flexible material such as a resin film or a wire mesh with a resin film as the base material is used as the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element, the surface accuracy of the transmissive reflective surface must be properly maintained. Thus, in a case where one of the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflective surface HM2 is made of such a material, it may be cemented with glass or hard resin having a glass transition temperature of 40°C or higher. Both surfaces may be cemented with glass or hard resin having a glass transition temperature of 40°C or higher. The adhesive (including, for example, an elastic adhesive) for cementing is not specifically specified here, but the adhesive layer may be 25 μm or less or 15 μm or less thick.In a case where only one surface is cemented, a mount cannot directly touch the transmissive reflective surface when holding the lens. For example, it can be held by the portion of cemented glass or hard resin. This configuration can reduce surface distortion of the transmissive reflective surface.

[0039] Regarding surface accuracy, the roughness of the reflected wavefront can be sufficiently smooth, and an RMS of the component of 1 / mm or more on the reflected wavefront can be 10 nm or less, and an RMS of the component of 0.05 / mm or more and 1 / mm or less can be 10 nm or less. This configuration can sufficiently suppress image quality deterioration caused by poor surface accuracy of the reflecting surface.

[0040] In a respective example, at least one of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 may be spherical. Using an aspherical surface is advantageous in aberration correction, but it is more difficult to bring the surface shape closer to a design value than with a spherical surface. Therefore, manufacturing becomes easier when using a spherical surface. In addition, fine processing marks tend to remain on the aspherical surface, and in a case where such processing marks remain, particularly on a reflective surface, patterns resulting from the processing marks are likely to be reflected in image deterioration (bokeh). Users also emphasize the quality of image deterioration in lenses with large aperture diameters for imaging and video applications, so such patterns may not appear.

[0041] The optical system according to a respective example may include an image stabilization unit. The image stabilization unit is a unit that provides the optical system with a function for preventing blur, such as camera shake, caused by movement of the camera by an identifiable or appropriate amount (e.g., according to a detected blur amount) in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis during imaging. The image stabilization unit may be placed on the object side of the first transmissive reflective surface. In this way, the image stabilization unit can be integrated without increasing the overall length of the optical system. The transmissive reflective surface cannot be used as the image stabilization unit because aberrations become large during the image stabilization process.

[0042] In a case where the optical system according to a respective example has an image stabilization unit, the following inequality (9) may be satisfied: 0.6≤β≤1.5 where β is a lateral magnification of a lens unit on the image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2.

[0043] In a case where the value becomes higher than the upper limit of inequality (9), the number of lens units on the image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 increases, and the total length or aberration of the lens unit on the image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 increases. On the other hand, in a case where the value becomes lower than the lower limit of inequality (9), a movement amount in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the image stabilization unit becomes too large for a sufficient image stabilization effect, and it becomes difficult to configure a drive mechanism that performs image stabilization.

[0044] The optical system according to a respective example may be a coaxial system. This configuration facilitates the manufacturing of each component and simplifies the assembly process. However, the effective diameters and outer diameters of the lens and the transmissive reflecting surface do not need to be rotationally symmetrical, and rectangular ones, for example, may be used.

[0045] The optical system according to a respective example may be a primary imaging system. In a case where the optical system is a secondary or higher-order imaging system, the light rays that have been imaged once must be imaged again, and the total length increases.

[0046] In a case where the optical system according to a respective example has an AF function and a large aperture diameter with an f-number of 1.4 or less, high stopping accuracy of the focus unit is required. Thus, for example, mechanical stoppers are provided at two points at infinity and the close-up distance, the focus unit is moved to press against the stoppers, and AF can be performed with high stopping accuracy at least at infinity and the close-up distance.

[0047] The inequalities (1) to (9) can be replaced by the following inequalities (1a) to (9a): −0.800≤ϕfr / ϕtotal≤0.405 0.165≤Hm2 / f≤2,000 0.00≤dpupil / f≤1.75 0.7≤Pm1 / Ppupil≤1.9 0.5≤Fno≤2.4 −0.75≤ϕb / ϕtotal≤0.65 0.010≤|Δdf| / f / Fno≤0.900 0.0≤|θm|≤6.0 0.6≤β≤1.2

[0048] The inequalities (1) to (9) can be replaced by the following inequalities (1b) to (9b): −0.5≤ϕfr / ϕtotal≤0.35 0.18≤Hm2 / f≤1.00 0.0≤dpupil / f≤1.4 0.75≤Pm1 / Ppupil≤1.85 0.52≤Fno≤2.20 −0.50≤ϕb / ϕtotal≤0.60 0.015≤|Δdf| / f / Fno≤0.60 0.0≤|θm|≤5.0 0.6≤β≤1.0

[0049] As described later, in the optical system according to each example, a polarization-selective transmissive reflective element can be used as one of the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflective surface HM2. Examples of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element include "WGF" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, "IQP-E" manufactured by 3M Company, and "ProFlux" manufactured by Moxtek, Inc. The transmittance of the reflection axis of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element can be about 1% or less, 0.5% or less, or 0.25% or less on average in the wavelength range used. Thus, stray light that reaches the image plane without being reflected once by the reflection surface (this is called "one-way ghost light") can be effectively suppressed.However, even if the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element has high reflection axis transmittance, one-way ghost light can be prevented by using it in combination with a linear polarizer. A half-mirror or cholesteric liquid crystal can be used as the other transmissive reflecting surface. In a case where a half-mirror is used, the amount of randomly polarized light incident from the object side until the light reaches the image plane reaches 12.5% ​​or less. By using cholesteric liquid crystal, the amount of light reaching the image plane can be approximately doubled compared to that in a case where a half-mirror is used.

[0050] For example, the optical system according to a respective example having the following configuration can suppress the decrease in the amount of light in the normal imaging optical path while reducing ghost light (unnecessary stray light or leakage light) that transmits through the transmissive reflecting surface from the optical path without being reflected even once.

[0051] The optical system according to a respective example may use, as the polarization-selective reflective element, an optical element produced by forming a grating on a reflective lens surface during lens molding and then evaporating, printing, or lithographing a metal or dielectric material. Configuration 1, which uses polarization

[0052] With reference to Fig. 1 describes a configuration that uses polarization. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical path of an optical system according to this example. The optical system according to this example includes two transmissive reflecting surfaces. Here, the transmissive reflecting surface arranged on the object side of the optical system according to this configuration includes a polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element (polarizing beam splitter: PBS): A. The transmissive reflecting surface arranged on the image plane side of the imaging optical system according to this example includes a half mirror (HM): C. A first quarter-wave plate (QWP1): B is arranged between the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element PBS and the half mirror HM. A second quarter-wave plate (QWP2): D and a linear polarizer (POL): E are arranged between the half mirror HM and the image plane IM.Here, the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A is an element configured to reflect linearly polarized light polarized in the same direction as that when it was transmitted through the linear polarizer E and to transmit linearly polarized light perpendicular to this direction.

[0053] The polarization-selective transmissive reflective element is, for example, a wire grid polarizer or a reflection-type polarizer with a configuration including a laminated retardation film. In this case, the surface forming a wire grid or the retardation film surface of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A functions as a transmissive reflective surface. The wire grid polarizer does not necessarily have to be made of aligned metal wires, but can be anything, including thin metal or dielectric layers arranged at predetermined intervals, as long as it can function as a polarization-selective transmissive reflective element. For example, an element with metal or dielectric layers aligned by vapor deposition can be used.

[0054] The first quarter-wave plate B and the second quarter-wave plate D are arranged so that their slow axes are inclined by 45° relative to the polarization transmission axis of the linear polarizer E. Here, the first quarter-wave plate B and the second quarter-wave plate D may be arranged so that their slow axes are inclined by 90°. Due to this arrangement, when a beam transmits through the first quarter-wave plate B and the second quarter-wave plate D, the wavelength dispersion properties of the wave plates are canceled. The half-mirror C is a half-mirror formed, for example, by a dielectric multilayer film or metal deposition, and the half-mirror C functions as a transmissive reflecting surface. The linear polarizer E is, for example, an absorption-type linear polarizer.

[0055] The selection and function of the optical path in the configuration using polarization will now be described. Light incident on the optical system from the object side is linearly polarized by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A, circularly polarized by the first quarter-wave plate B, and enters the half-mirror C. Part of the light reaching the half-mirror C is reflected, circularly polarized in the opposite direction, and returns to the first quarter-wave plate B.

[0056] The reverse circularly polarized light that has returned to the first quarter-wave plate B returns as linearly polarized light polarized in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the light first passed through the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A through the first quarter-wave plate B to the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A, and is reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A. Here, due to the polarization selectivity of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A, linearly polarized light polarized in the direction perpendicular to the direction as that when the light first passed through the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A is reflected.

[0057] A part of the light that has reached the half mirror C passes through it, is converted by the second quarter-wave plate D into linearly polarized light polarized in the same direction as that when the light passed through the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A, enters the linear polarizer E, and is absorbed by the linear polarizer E.

[0058] The light reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A is circularly polarized by the first quarter-wave plate B and enters the half-mirror C. Part of the light that has reached the half-mirror C passes through it and enters the second quarter-wave plate D. Due to the second quarter-wave plate D, the incident light becomes linearly polarized light polarized in a direction parallel to that of the linearly polarized light reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A. The light passing through the second quarter-wave plate D enters the linear polarizer E. Here, the polarization of the light and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer E coincide, so most of the light passes through and is guided to the image plane IM.

[0059] Due to the above-described processes, only the light that passes through the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element PBS, is reflected by the half-mirror C, is reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element PBS, and passes through the half-mirror C is guided to the image plane IM. In a case where a cholesteric liquid crystal is used instead of the half-mirror C, the cholesteric liquid crystal can be installed so that, during the first reflection of the cholesteric liquid crystal, circularly polarized light in one direction of incident light is largely reflected. Thus, the amount of light passing through the normal optical path can be increased while ghost light is reduced.

[0060] Image sensors and charge-coupled devices (CCDs) that can be used for the image plane IM generally have a high surface reflectance. In this configuration, the light reflected by the image plane IM passes through the linear polarizer E again and is converted into circularly polarized light by the second quarter-wave plate D. The light emitted by the second quarter-wave plate D is then reflected by the half-mirror C, becomes circularly polarized light in the opposite direction, and passes through the second quarter-wave plate D again. In this case, the circularly polarized light is converted by the second quarter-wave plate D into linearly polarized light polarized in a direction perpendicular to that of the light that just passed through the linear polarizer E.Since the direction of this linearly polarized light is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer E, most of the light is absorbed by the linear polarizer E. Thus, in this configuration, most of the light reflected by the image plane IM, the half-mirror C, and the image plane IM, in that order, is cut off, and ghost images and flares relative to the image plane IM are less noticeable. To achieve such a reduced reflection effect, an optical low-pass filter using birefringence can be placed between the image plane IM and the linear polarizer E. This is because the optical low-pass filter causes the polarization state to shift from the desired polarization state.

[0061] In this configuration, a third quarter-wave plate (not shown) can be arranged immediately after (e.g., on the image side adjacent to) the linear polarizer E. In this case, the angle between the absorption axis of the linear polarizer E and the slow axis of the third quarter-wave plate can be 45° or 135° (when viewed from the optical axis direction). This configuration can further suppress light reflected by the image plane IM and reflection from the lens surface between the third quarter-wave plate and the image plane IM.

[0062] Additionally, in this configuration, a linear polarizer (not shown) can be arranged between the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and the object. In this case, the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and the linear polarizer are arranged so that their transmission axes coincide with each other. This configuration can reduce ghost images caused by light reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and reflected by the lens surface between the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and the object. In addition, this configuration can largely absorb polarized light in the direction of the reflection axis of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and significantly reduce one-way ghost light.In addition, absorbing ultraviolet rays and the like can improve the resistance to environmental factors of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A.

[0063] In this configuration, a quarter-wave plate may be disposed between the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and the object (in a case where the above linear polarizer is disposed, it is disposed between the linear polarizer and the object). In this case, the quarter-wave plate and the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A are disposed so that the fast axis or the slow axis of the quarter-wave plate forms an angle of 45° with the transmission axis of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A. Thus, even if the light incident from the object side is linearly polarized, pseudo-depolarization is performed and imaging is available regardless of its polarization direction. Instead of the quarter-wave plate, a depolarizing element may also be disposed. For example, the product called "Cosmoshine SRF" by Toyobo Co., Ltd.used as a depolarizing element. Cosmoshine SRF is a film with a high birefringence of approximately 10,000 nm, and this film can prevent color unevenness caused by the wavelength and angle characteristics of the waveplate, compared to the case where a quarter-wave plate is used. Configuration 2, which uses polarization

[0064] With reference to Fig. 2 describes a configuration that uses polarization. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of an optical system according to a respective example. The optical system according to a respective example includes two transmissive reflecting surfaces. Here, the transmissive reflecting surface placed on the object side of the optical system according to a respective example includes a half mirror (HM): C. The transmissive reflecting surface placed on the display element side of the optical system according to a respective example includes a polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element (PBS): A. A first quarter-wave plate (QWP1): B is placed between the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element PBS and the half mirror HM. A linear polarizer (POL): E and a second quarter-wave plate (QWP2): D are placed between the half mirror HM and the object plane.The configuration of each polarizing element and the appropriate arrangement of the azimuth of the optical axis are similar to those of configuration 1, which uses polarization.

[0065] The selection and function of the optical path in the configuration utilizing polarization will now be described. Light entering the optical system from the object side is linearly polarized by the linear polarizer E, circularly polarized by the second quarter-wave plate D, and enters the half-mirror C. Part of the light that reaches the half-mirror C is reflected, becomes circularly polarized in the opposite direction, and returns to the second quarter-wave plate D.

[0066] The light that reaches the half-mirror C and is reflected by it becomes circularly polarized light in the direction opposite to the incident direction. This light is converted by the second quarter-wave plate D into linearly polarized light, which is polarized in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which it passed through the linear polarizer E, enters the linear polarizer E, and is absorbed by the linear polarizer E.

[0067] The light that has passed through the half mirror C is converted by the first quarter-wave plate B into linearly polarized light polarized in the same direction as the light that just passed through the linear polarizer E. This linearly polarized light is reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A and returns to the first quarter-wave plate B. The light is then converted into circularly polarized light by the first quarter-wave plate B, and a portion of it is reflected by the half mirror C. The light reflected by the half mirror C re-enters the first quarter-wave plate B and is converted into linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the direction when it was reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A.This linearly polarized light passes through the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element A and is guided to the image plane IM.

[0068] Due to the processes described above, only the light that passes through the half mirror C, is reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element PBS, is reflected by the half mirror C, and passes through the polarization-selective transmissive reflecting element PBS is guided to the image plane IM.

[0069] Due to this arrangement, a linear polarizer A' can be placed between the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A and the image plane IM. In this case, the transmission axes of the linear polarizer A' and the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A are aligned. This configuration can absorb light reflected by the image plane IM, reflected by the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A, re-entered the image plane IM, and resulting in ghost images and flares. In addition, this configuration can largely absorb light scattered from the direction of the reflection axis of the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element A, significantly reducing one-way ghost light.

[0070] This configuration can place a quarter-wave plate between the linear polarizer E and the object. In this case, the quarter-wave plate and the linear polarizer E are arranged so that the fast axis or the slow axis of the quarter-wave plate forms a 45° angle with the transmission axis of the linear polarizer E. Thus, even if the light incident from the object side is linearly polarized, imaging is available regardless of its polarization direction. Instead of the quarter-wave plate, a depolarizing element can also be arranged. An example of a depolarizing element is the "Cosmoshine SRF" manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.

[0071] In the above description of the two configurations, terms such as orthogonal (perpendicular), parallel, and 45° do not strictly correspond to 90°, 0°, and 45°. However, these angles must be within ±5° of the desired angles, or they can be within ±2° of the desired angles, or they can be within ±1° of the desired angles.

[0072] The above two configurations can each use two quarter-wave plates QWPs with the same structure. There is no problem if the quarter-wave plate QWP is ideal (that is, it provides light with a phase of exactly one-quarter wavelength for all wavelengths and all beam incidence angles within the usage range). However, in reality, such a quarter-wave plate QWP does not exist, and the phase provided to the light differs depending on the wavelength of the transmitted light, etc. In the above two configurations, the phases provided to the light by the first quarter-wave plate QWP1 and the second quarter-wave plate QWP2 are canceled as the light passes through the two quarter-wave plates QWPs, and the desired light is emitted toward the image plane side.That is, the light reflected once by the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface is emitted toward the image plane, and the light that has never been reflected is absorbed by the polarizer. At this time, in a case where the characteristics of the first quarter-wave plate QWP1 and the second quarter-wave plate QWP2 are different from each other, unintended light is emitted toward the image plane due to the difference, causing ghosting and flare, and degrading image quality.

[0073] In the above two configurations, the linear polarizer E can also be an absorption-type polarizer rather than a reflection-type polarizer. This is because the absorption-type polarizer is less likely to cause ghosting and flare caused by reflections. For the linear polarizer E, the absorption axis transmittance can be about 0.5% or less, 0.15% or less, or 0.05% or less on average in the used wavelength range. This configuration can effectively suppress ghost light that would reach the image plane without being reflected by the reflecting surface. In particular, in a case where the used wavelength range is wide, it is difficult to maintain the absorption axis transmittance of the polarizer low, but multiple polarizers can be used in layers to obtain the desired property.For example, linear polarizer E can use "ACE-125U" or "VHC-12UL2S" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., or "XP42HE" manufactured by Edmund Optics Japan Co., Ltd. in the visible region. For example, by stacking "ACE-125U" and "SHC-115U" manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., a linear polarizer with extremely low absorption axis transmittance can be obtained. By stacking multiple polarizers in this way, resistance to deterioration over time can be improved.

[0074] Assume that the above two configuration types are used in combination with an image sensor that includes an optical low-pass filter. In this case, the relative angle between the transmission axis of the polarizer closest to the image plane and the fast axis of the birefringent plate closest to the object among the birefringent plates of the optical low-pass filter can be 45° or 135°. This configuration can provide a low-pass effect similar to that of a normal optical system (e.g., without polarization dependence, unlike a general dioptric optical system). Alternatively, a quarter-wave plate can be arranged on the image side of the polarizer closest to the image plane. In this case, the transmission axis of the polarizer closest to the image plane and the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate can be set to 45° or 135°.This configuration emits circularly polarized light toward the image sensor, providing a low-pass filter effect similar to that of a conventional optical system. Alternatively, the emitted light can be pseudorandomly polarized by placing a molded plastic lens with high birefringence on the image side of the polarizer closest to the image plane, achieving a low-pass filter effect similar to that of a conventional optical system.

[0075] In the above two configuration types, the polarization-selective transmissive reflective element, the quarter-wave plate, and the linear polarizer can each be round, rectangular, or polygonal. Shapes that can be arranged on a flat surface without any edges, such as rectangles and regular hexagons, may be suitable in terms of manufacturing cost because each element can be used without waste. Among these optical elements, those made primarily of polymer materials are available at low cost. In a case where such elements are used, they can be bonded with, for example, glass or resin, as described above, to ensure sufficient surface accuracy. This shape can eliminate material waste by bonding them in a large size and by cutting out a quantity for a rectangle.As described above, the azimuth between the elements is important in the two configuration types above. The rectangular element can easily ensure the external shape of the component and the element orientation (e.g., fast axis, slow axis, transmission axis, absorption axis, transmission axis, and reflection axis) for a particular component, simplifying or eliminating the need for azimuth adjustment.

[0076] In the optical system according to a respective example, the lens may be made of a resin material or a glass material. However, a lens placed between the first and second transmissive reflecting surfaces may have low birefringence.

[0077] The optical system according to a respective example includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a first refractive lens L1, a first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, a quarter-wave plate QWP, and a second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. During focusing, the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 moves in the optical axis direction. During focusing, the first refractive lens L1 does not move or moves to change a distance in the optical axis direction between the first refractive lens L1 and the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. The first refractive lens L1 is separated from the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2, respectively.

[0078] Alternatively, the optical system according to a respective example includes, in this order from the object side to the image side, the first refractive lens L1, the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1, the quarter-wave plate QWP, the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2, and the second refractive lens L2. During focusing, the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 moves in the optical axis direction. During focusing, the second refractive lens L2 does not move, or a distance in the optical axis direction between the second refractive lens L2 and the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 changes. The second refractive lens L2 is separated from the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2, respectively.

[0079] The optical system according to a respective example may include a third refractive lens arranged on the object side of the first transmissive reflective surface HM1, separated from the first transmissive reflective surface HM1, and configured to move integrally with the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 during focusing. The optical system according to a respective example may include a fourth refractive lens arranged outside a region between the first transmissive reflective surface HM1 and the second transmissive reflective surface HM2 and moving in the optical axis direction during focusing.

[0080] The optical system according to a respective example is described in detail below. Example 1

[0081] With reference to the Fig. 3, Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B, an optical system OS1 according to Example 1 is now described. Fig. Figure 3 is a sectional view of the optical system OS1. The optical system OS1 comprises several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protective glass, arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side IM. Additionally, a quarter-wave plate QWP is arranged on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1.

[0082] Fig. 4A is an aberration diagram of the optical system OS1 in an in-focus state (on an object) at infinity and Fig. Figure 4B is an aberration diagram of the optical system OS1 in an in-focus state (on an object) at close range. In a spherical aberration diagram, Fno represents an f-number. The spherical aberration diagram illustrates amounts of spherical aberration for the d-line (wavelength 587.6 nm), g-line (wavelength 435.8 nm), C-line (wavelength 656.3 nm), and F-line (wavelength 486.1 nm). In an astigmatism diagram, Sn indicates an amount of astigmatism on a sagittal image plane, and M indicates an amount of astigmatism on a meridional image plane. A distortion diagram illustrates an amount of distortion for the d-line. A chromatic aberration diagram illustrates an amount of chromatic aberration for the g-line, C-line, and F-line. ω is a half angle of view (°). obj represents a focused position (distance from the image plane IM to the focused area) (unit: mm).The above definitions are similarly applicable to the following aberration diagrams.

[0083] During focusing, the optical system OS1 moves the aperture stop SP and a lens unit including the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 integrally in the direction of the optical axis. Fig. 1, the lower arrows indicate a lens unit to be moved and a direction of movement during focusing from infinity to a close range. In Fig. 3 shows an arrow pointing toward the object side, indicating that the lens is moved toward the object side during focusing from infinity to a close-up focus. This is applied similarly to the subsequent ray path diagrams.

[0084] In the optical system OS1, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1. Example 2

[0085] With reference to the Fig. 5, Fig. 6A and Fig. 6B, an optical system OS2 according to Example 2 is now described. Fig. Figure 5 is a sectional view of the OS2 optical system. Fig. 6A is an aberration diagram of the optical system OS2 in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 6B is an aberration diagram of the OS2 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0086] The optical system OS2 includes, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. Additionally, a quarter-wave plate QWP is sandwiched between a flat sheet of glass on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. This configuration can slightly improve the surface accuracy of the reflecting surface. In this example, the quarter-wave plate QWP is incorporated as a flat plate with a thickness of 0.1 mm in the optical path diagram and numerical values, but this has almost no effect on aberration, and the presence or absence of this thickness does not affect the essence of each example, so the thickness of the quarter-wave plate QWP is omitted from Example 1. In the following, the thickness of the quarter-wave plate QWP, the transmissive reflecting surface, etc., can be omitted.During focusing, the optical system OS2 moves a lens unit (including the aperture stop SP) on the object side of a meniscus lens, whose convex surface faces the object side, integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0087] For example, in the optical system OS2, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the third refractive lens, and the fourth refractive lens, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 3

[0088] With reference to the Fig. 7, Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B, an optical system OS3 according to Example 3 is now described. Fig. Figure 7 is a sectional view of the OS3 optical system. Fig. Figure 8A illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS3 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 8B illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS3 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0089] The optical system OS3 comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. Additionally, a quarter-wave plate QWP is arranged on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 via a convex lens. During focusing, the optical system OS3 moves seven lens units (including the flat plate and excluding the quarter-wave plate QWP) from the object side and the aperture stop SP integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0090] For example, in the OS3 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the third refractive lens, and the fourth refractive lens, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 4

[0091] With reference to the Fig. 9, Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B, an optical system OS4 according to Example 4 is now described. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the OS4 optical system. Fig. 10A is an aberration diagram of the OS4 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 10B is an aberration diagram of the OS4 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0092] The OS4 optical system comprises several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass, arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side IM. Additionally, a quarter-wave plate QWP is arranged on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. During focusing, the OS4 optical system moves seven lens units, arranged immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP, integrally in the direction of the optical axis. Additionally, image stabilization can be achieved by moving the fourth and fifth cemented lenses (image stabilization units), counted from the object side, in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

[0093] For example, in the OS4 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 5

[0094] With reference to the Fig. 11, Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B, an optical system OS5 according to Example 5 is now described. Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the OS5 optical system. Fig. 12A is an aberration diagram of the OS5 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 12B is an aberration diagram of the OS5 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0095] The OS5 optical system comprises several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protective glass arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side IM. Additionally, a quarter-wave plate QWP is arranged on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. During focusing, the OS5 optical system moves three lens units, arranged immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP, integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0096] For example, in the OS5 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 6

[0097] With reference to the Fig. 13, Fig. 14A and Fig. 14B, an optical system OS6 according to Example 6 is now described. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the OS6 optical system. Fig. 14A is an aberration diagram of the OS6 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 14B is an aberration diagram of the OS6 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0098] The OS6 optical system comprises several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protective glass arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side IM. A quarter-wave plate QWP is arranged on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. During focusing, the OS6 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and two lenses arranged immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis.

[0099] For example, in the OS6 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 7

[0100] With reference to the Fig. 15, Fig. 16A and Fig. 16B, an optical system OS7 according to Example 7 is now described. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of the OS7 optical system. Fig. 16A is an aberration diagram of the OS7 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 16B is an aberration diagram of the OS7 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0101] The optical system OS7 includes, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. Additionally, a quarter-wave plate QWP is arranged on the image side of the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1. During focusing, the optical system OS7 integrally moves the aperture stop SP, a lens arranged immediately after (e.g., adjacent to) and on the object side of the aperture stop SP, and five lenses (including a flat plate) arranged next to and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis. Image stabilization can be performed by moving a lens (image stabilization unit) arranged immediately after (e.g., adjacent to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.

[0102] For example, in the OS7 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the lens immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the object side of the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 8

[0103] With reference to the Fig. 17, Fig. 18A and Fig. 18B, an optical system OS8 according to Example 8 is now described. Fig. 18A illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS8 optical system in the infinity focused state and Fig. Figure 18B illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS8 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0104] The OS8 optical system includes, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS8 optical system moves four lenses (including a flat plate and excluding a quarter-wave plate) arranged immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP, integrally in the direction of the optical axis. In addition, image stabilization can be achieved by moving a cemented lens (image stabilization unit) arranged immediately before (e.g., next to) and on the object side of the aperture stop SP in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.

[0105] For example, in the optical system OS8, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the lens immediately after (e.g., next to) the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2 corresponds to the fourth refractive lens, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 9

[0106] With reference to the Fig. 19, Fig. 20A and Fig. 20B, an optical system OS9 according to Example 9 is now described. Fig. Figure 19 is a sectional view of the OS9 optical system. Fig. 20A is an aberration diagram of the OS9 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 20B is an aberration diagram of the OS9 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0107] The OS9 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS9 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and two lenses arranged immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis.

[0108] For example, in the OS9 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses. Example 10

[0109] With reference to the Fig. 21, Fig. 22A and Fig. 22B, an optical system OS10 according to Example 10 is now described. Fig. Figure 21 is a sectional view of the OS10 optical system. Fig. 22A is an aberration diagram of the OS10 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 22B is an aberration diagram of the OS10 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0110] The OS10 optical system includes, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, a plurality of lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS10 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and lenses located immediately after (e.g., adjacent to and on the image side of) and immediately before (e.g., adjacent to and on the object side of) the aperture stop SP in the optical axis direction, and also moves two lenses on the image side thereof as an integrated floating unit by a different amount of movement in the optical axis direction.

[0111] For example, in the OS10 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the third refractive lens, and the fourth refractive lens, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 11

[0112] With reference to the Fig. 23, Fig. 24A and Fig. 24B, an optical system OS11 according to Example 11 is now described. Fig. Figure 23 is a sectional view of the OS11 optical system. Fig. 24A illustrates an aberration diagram of the optical system OS11 in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 24B illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS11 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0113] The OS11 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS11 optical system moves the aperture stop SP and two lenses arranged immediately after (e.g., next to) and on the image side of the aperture stop SP integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0114] For example, in the OS11 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 12

[0115] With reference to the Fig. 25, Fig. 26A and Fig. 26B, an optical system OS12 according to Example 12 is now described. Fig. Figure 25 is a sectional view of the OS12 optical system. Fig. 26A is an aberration diagram of the OS12 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 26B is an aberration diagram of the OS12 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0116] The OS12 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS12 optical system moves the aperture stop SP and three lenses immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0117] For example, in the OS12 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses. Example 13

[0118] With reference to the Fig. 27, Fig. 28A and Fig. 28B, an optical system OS13 according to Example 13 is now described. Fig. Figure 27 is a sectional view of the OS13 optical system. Fig. 28A is an aberration diagram of the OS13 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 28B is an aberration diagram of the OS13 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0119] The OS13 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS13 optical system does not move a total of three lenses—that is, two lenses closest to the object and one lens closest to the image plane—but moves the remaining lens units and the aperture stop SP integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0120] For example, in the OS13 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately in front of the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses. Example 14

[0121] With reference to the Fig. 29, Fig. 30A and Fig. 30B, an optical system OS14 according to Example 14 is now described. Fig. Figure 29 is a sectional view of the OS14 optical system. Fig. 30A is an aberration diagram of the OS14 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 30B is an aberration diagram of the OS14 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0122] The OS14 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS14 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and two lenses arranged immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis.

[0123] For example, in the OS14 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 15

[0124] With reference to the Fig. 31, Fig. 32A and Fig. 32B, an optical system OS15 according to Example 15 is now described. Fig. 31 is a sectional view of the OS15 optical system. Fig. 32A is an aberration diagram of the OS15 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 32B is an aberration diagram of the OS15 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0125] The OS15 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS15 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and two lenses arranged immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis.

[0126] For example, in the OS15 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 16

[0127] With reference to the Fig. 33, Fig. 34A and Fig. 34B, an optical system OS16 according to Example 16 is now described. Fig. 33 is a sectional view of the OS16 optical system. Fig. 34A is an aberration diagram of the OS16 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 34B is an aberration diagram of the OS16 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0128] The OS16 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS16 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and three lenses arranged immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis.

[0129] For example, in the OS16 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 17

[0130] With reference to the Fig. 35, Fig. 36A and Fig. 36B, an optical system OS17 according to Example 17 is now described. Fig. 35 is a sectional view of the OS17 optical system. Fig. 36A is an aberration diagram of the OS17 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 36B is an aberration diagram of the OS17 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0131] The OS17 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS17 optical system moves three lenses, located immediately after and on the image side of the aperture diaphragm SP, integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0132] In the OS17 optical system, the refractive power of the optical system is enhanced, acting on one-way light that reaches the image plane as it is, without being reflected by the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 or the second transmissive reflecting surface HM2. It is possible that the one-way light does not reach the image plane and is absorbed by a polarizer. However, since the polarizer's characteristics are not ideal, it is inevitable that some of the one-way light will reach the image plane. This configuration can prevent ghost images caused by the one-way light from spreading throughout the image.

[0133] For example, in the OS17 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses. Example 18

[0134] With reference to the Fig. 37, Fig. 38A and Fig. 38B, an optical system OS18 according to Example 18 is now described. Fig. 37 is a sectional view of the OS18 optical system. Fig. 38A is an aberration diagram of the OS18 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 38B is an aberration diagram of the OS18 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0135] The OS18 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS18 optical system does not move a total of two lenses—the lens closest to the object and the lens closest to the image plane—but moves the remaining lens unit and the aperture stop SP integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0136] For example, in the OS18 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately in front of the aperture stop SP corresponds to the third and fourth refractive lenses. Example 19

[0137] With reference to the Fig. 39, Fig. 40A and Fig. 40B, an optical system OS19 according to Example 19 is now described. Fig. 39 is a sectional view of the OS19 optical system. Fig. 40A is an aberration diagram of the OS19 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 40B is an aberration diagram of the OS19 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0138] The OS19 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS19 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and a lens located immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the optical axis direction, and also moves two lenses closest to the image plane by a different amount of movement in the optical axis direction as an integrated floating unit.

[0139] For example, in the OS19 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 20

[0140] With reference to the Fig. 41, Fig. 42A and Fig. 42B, an optical system OS20 according to Example 20 is now described. Fig. 41 is a sectional view of the OS20 optical system. Fig. 42A is an aberration diagram of the OS20 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 42B is an aberration diagram of the OS20 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0141] The OS20 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS20 optical system integrally moves the aperture stop SP and two lenses arranged immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP in the direction of the optical axis.

[0142] For example, in the OS20 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 21

[0143] With reference to the Fig. 43, Fig. 44A and Fig. 44B, an optical system OS21 according to Example 21 is now described. Fig. 43 is a sectional view of the OS21 optical system. Fig. 44A is an aberration diagram of the OS21 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 44B is an aberration diagram of the OS21 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0144] The OS21 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS21 optical system moves a lens, located immediately after and on the image side of the aperture diaphragm SP, in the direction of the optical axis.

[0145] In the OS21 optical system, for example, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1. Example 22

[0146] With reference to the Fig. 45, Fig. 46A and Fig. 46B, an optical system OS22 according to Example 22 is now described. Fig. Figure 45 is a sectional view of the OS22 optical system. Fig. 46A illustrates an aberration diagram of the optical system OS22 in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 46B illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS22 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0147] The OS22 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side (IM), several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protective glass. During focusing, the OS22 optical system moves two cemented lenses, the fifth and sixth lenses from the object side, in the direction of the optical axis.

[0148] For example, in the OS22 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 23

[0149] With reference to the Fig. 47, Fig. 48A and Fig. 48B, an optical system OS23 according to Example 23 is now described. Fig. 47 shows a sectional view of the OS23 optical system. Fig. 48A illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS23 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 48B illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS23 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0150] The OS23 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS23 optical system moves the aperture diaphragm SP and other lens units, except for the lens closest to the image plane, integrally in the direction of the optical axis.

[0151] For example, in the OS23 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, the third refractive lens, and the fourth refractive lens, and the lens closest to the image plane corresponds to the second refractive lens L2. Example 24

[0152] With reference to the Fig. 49, Fig. 50A and Fig. 50B, an optical system OS24 according to Example 24 is now described. Fig. 49 shows a sectional view of the OS24 optical system. Fig. 50A illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS24 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. 50B illustrates an aberration diagram of the OS24 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0153] The OS24 optical system comprises several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass, arranged in order from the object side to the image plane side (IM). During focusing, the OS24 optical system moves the sixth lens from the object side in the direction of the optical axis.

[0154] For example, in the OS24 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens with the first transmissive reflecting surface HM1 corresponds to the fourth refractive lens. Example 25

[0155] With reference to the Fig. 51, Fig. 52A and Fig. 52B, an optical system OS25 according to Example 25 is now described. Fig. 51 shows a sectional view of the OS25 optical system. Fig. 52A is an aberration diagram of the OS25 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 52B is an aberration diagram of the OS25 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0156] The OS25 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS25 optical system moves a flat plate, located immediately after and on the image side of the aperture stop SP, in the direction of the optical axis.

[0157] In the OS25 optical system, for example, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1. Example 26

[0158] With reference to the Fig. 53, Fig. 54A and Fig. 54B, an optical system OS26 according to Example 26 is now described. Fig. 53 is a sectional view of the OS26 optical system. Fig. 54A is an aberration diagram of the OS26 optical system in a state focused at infinity and Fig. Figure 54B is an aberration diagram of the OS26 optical system in a near-focus state.

[0159] The OS26 optical system comprises, in order from the object side to the image plane side IM, several lenses (multiple lens units) and a sensor protection glass. During focusing, the OS26 optical system integrally moves the aperture diaphragm SP and three lenses, different from the lens closest to the object.

[0160] For example, in the OS26 optical system, the lens closest to the object corresponds to the first refractive lens L1, and the lens immediately after the aperture stop SP corresponds to the fourth refractive lens.

[0161] Numerical examples 1 to 26 corresponding to examples 1 to 26 will now be described. In surface data of each numerical example, a surface number i represents an i-th surface from the pupil plane side. r represents a radius of curvature of the i-th surface, and d (mm) represents a lens thickness or an air gap between the i-th and (i+1)-th surfaces. nd represents a refractive index of the material of the i-th optical element for the d-line, and vd represents the Abbe number based on the d-line of the optical element. The Abbe number vd of a specific material is expressed as follows: vd=(Nb−1) / (NF−NC) where Nd, NF, and NC are the refractive indices for the d-line (587.6 nm), F-line (486.1 nm), and C-line (656.3 nm) in the Fraunhofer lines. SP represents an aperture stop.

[0162] An asterisk "*" next to a surface number indicates that the surface has an aspherical shape. The aspherical shape is expressed as follows: x(h)=(h2r)1+{1−(1+k)(hr)2}+A2h2+A4h4+A6h6+A8h8+A10h10+⋯ where x is a displacement amount from a surface vertex at a position of height h in the optical axis direction, R is a paraxial curvature radius, k is a conic constant, and Ai: (i = 2, 4, 6, 8...) are aspherical coefficients of a respective order. "e ± XX" in a respective aspherical coefficient means "x10 ± XX “.

[0163] In each numerical example, d, focal length (mm), f-number (Fno), and half angle of view (°) are values ​​in a case where the optical system according to each example is in a focused state on an object at infinity. A "back focus (BF)" is a distance on the optical axis from a rearmost lens surface (a lens surface closest to the image plane) to a paraxial image plane, expressed as an air-equivalent length. A "total lens length" is a distance on the optical axis from the frontmost lens surface (the lens surface closest to the object) of the optical system to the rearmost surface plus the back focus. A "lens unit" comprises one or more lenses. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 1UNIT: mm AREA DATA Fläche Nr. r d nd vd 1* 33,264 3,80 1,51633 64,1 2* 67,341 7,87 3 (SP) ∞ 3,61 4* -60,314 8,76 1,54658 55,9 5* -56,658 2,00 6* -178,356 4,14 1,54658 55,9 7* -278,259 5,36 8* -49,931 -5,36 9* -278,259 -4,14 1,54658 55,9 10* -178,356 -2,00 11* -56,658 2,00 12* -178,356 4,14 1,54658 55,9 13* -278,259 5,36 14* -49,931 2,35 1,54658 55,9 15* 19,782 11,00 16 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 17 ∞ 0,10 Bildebene ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0164] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.75368e-06 A 6 = -2.08107e-09 2. Fläche

[0165] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,06144e-06 A 6 = -1,12963e-08 4. Fläche

[0166] K = 0,00000e+00 A 2 = -5,47088e-03 A 4 = -1,57901e-05 A 6 = 2,13974e-08 A 8 = 7,49429e-12 5. Fläche

[0167] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -3,35715e-06 A 6 = 5,58849e-09 A 8 = -1,34412e-11 A10 = 1,23184e-14 A12 = -8,60860e-21 6. Fläche

[0168] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 2,67533e-05 A 6 = -6,60403e-08 A 8 = 8,83817e-11 A10 = -3,54229e-13 A12 = 2,37426e-16 7. Fläche

[0169] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 2,21090e-05 A 6 = -4,76083e-08 A 8 = 9,17449e-11 A10 = -3,35061e-13 8. Fläche

[0170] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -8,37494e-07 A 6 = 9,41948e-10 A 8 = 8,14789e-12 A10 = -1,12477e-13 A12 = 3,58736e-16 9. Fläche

[0171] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 2,21090e-05 A 6 = -4,76083e-08 A 8 = 9,17449e-11 A10 = -3,35061e-13 10. Area

[0172] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.67533e-05 A 6 = -6.60403e-08 A 8 = 8.83817e-11 A10 = -3.54229e-13 A12 = 2.37426e-16 11. Area

[0173] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.35715e-06 A 6 = 5.58849e-09 A 8 = -1.34412e-11 A10 = 1.23184e-14 A12 = -8.60860e-21 12. Area

[0174] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.67533e-05 A 6 = -6.60403e-08 A 8 = 8.83817e-11 A10 = -3.54229e-13 A12 = 2.37426e-16 13. Area

[0175] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.21090e-05 A 6 = -4.76083e-08 A 8 = 9.17449e-11 A10 = -3.35061e-13 14. Area

[0176] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.37494e-07 A 6 = 9.41948e-10 A 8 = 8.14789e-12 A10 = -1.12477e-13 A12 = 3.58736e-16 15. Area

[0177] K = 0.00000e+00 A 2 = -4.12994e-02 A 4 = -1.43658e-05 A 6 = -9.85889e-09 A 8 = -1.01161e-10 VARIOUS DATA focal length 48,00 aperture 1,50 half angle 24,26 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 d17 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 2UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* -92,915 1,80 1,85400 40,4 2* 275,875 0,20 3 66,286 7,72 1,70482 29,8 4 -107,417 2,08 5 (SP) ∞ 4,87 6 -67,525 1,50 1,93012 34,8 7 ∞ 1,00 1,51633 64,1 8 ∞ 0,10 1,51633 64,1 9 ∞ 3,86 1,90686 34,6 10 -110,546 -3,86 11 ∞ -0,10 1,51633 64,1 12 ∞ -1,00 1,51633 64,1 13 ∞ 1,00 14 ∞ 0,10 1,51633 64,1 15 ∞ 3,86 1,90686 34,6 16 -110,546 1,69 1,96278 27,0 17 116,994 1,00 18* 54,224 1,20 1,82754 38,6 19* 45,694 1,20 20 33,649 6,69 1,49703 81,6 21 -154,042 1,74 22 -55,180 6,50 1,58935 64,1 23 -20,730 3,00 1,80508 46,8 24 -64,377 0,10 25 -70,837 5,04 1,49701 81,6 26 -29,198 -0,10 27 131,017 2,02 1,61588 65,3 28 -250,495 9,40 29 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 30 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0178] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.06466e-06 A 6 = 1.03932e-08 A 8 = -1.67472e-11 A10 = 1.02529e-14 2. Area

[0179] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.12852e-06 A 6 = 1.11218e-08 A 8 = -2.12628e-11 A10 = 1.94691e-14 A12 = -6.84758e-18 18. Area

[0180] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.10433e-05 A 6 = -2.77702e-08 19. Area

[0181] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.40984e-05 A 6 = -2.49256e-08 28. Area

[0182] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 7.07409e-06 A 6 = -7.48712e-09 A 8 = 2.28141e-11 A10 = -3.65416e-14 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,75 half angle 24,37 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d30 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 3UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* -161,627 1,80 1,85400 40,4 2* 82,516 0,20 3 51,999 6,47 1,73854 38,7 4 -66,398 4,96 5 (SP) ∞ 2,19 6 -115,094 1,50 1,72916 54,7 7 100,330 2,62 1,49092 67,6 8 ∞ 0,10 1,51633 50,0 9 ∞ 2,00 1,51633 64,1 10 ∞ -2,00 11 ∞ -0,10 1,51633 50,0 12 ∞ -2,62 1,49092 67,6 13 100,330 2,62 14 ∞ 0,10 1,51633 50,0 15 ∞ 2,00 1,51633 64,1 16 ∞ 1,70 1,84297 43,7 17 44,276 2,26 18 809,825 2,59 1,72916 54,7 19 -101,774 1,20 20 47,329 3,62 1,52211 77,5 21 941,218 2,45 22 -47,172 9,50 1,53844 75,1 23 -23,955 2,00 1,90571 37,6 24 -39,180 0,10 25 71,664 5,31 1,59522 67,7 26 -64,902 9,40 27 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 28 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0183] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.82053e-06 A 6 = 1.07157e-09 2. Area

[0184] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.11630e-06 A 6 = 2.22067e-09 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d28 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 4UNIT: mmAREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 38,604 1,80 1,59522 67,7 2 21,733 10,42 3 -2098,480 1,00 1,73273 54,3 4 51,623 0,20 5 36,753 4,79 1,55917 44,3 6 -101,671 2,00 7 -69,648 1,20 1,59522 67,7 8 66,757 2,17 1,69895 30,1 9 426,308 1,50 10 (SP) ∞ 6,23 11 30,285 6,34 1,49700 81,5 12 -105,796 0,10 13 230,558 2,11 1,49700 81,5 14 -161,563 7,56 15* -101,727 1,50 1,85035 35,9 16 ∞ 4,56 1,49700 81,5 17 -44,954 1,97 1,85407 36,5 18 -105,745 -1,97 19 -44,954 -4,56 1,49700 81,5 20 ∞ 4,56 21 -44,954 1,97 1,85407 36,5 22 -105,745 0,00 23 -105,745 3,45 1,87153 42,0 24 -36,678 0,10 25* 121,884 2,00 1,85087 43,0 26* 78,991 1,11 27 -210,514 1,20 1,84666 23,8 28 252,666 0,10 29 47,461 4,09 2,00330 28,3 30 260,763 9,40 31 ∞ 0,00 32 ∞ 0,00 33 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 34 ∞ 0,11 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA15. Area

[0185] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.84207e-06 A 6 = -1.26449e-08 25. Area

[0186] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -6.31962e-05 A 6 = 2.28241e-08 26. Area

[0187] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -6.21297e-05 A 6 = 4.62364e-08 VARIOUS DATA focal length 21,65 aperture 0,95 half angle 33,81 Image height 14,50 BF 0,11 d34 0,11 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 5UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 -109,185 1,50 1,67510 32,4 2 -1210,137 0,20 3* 34,632 6,56 1,63323 50,6 4* -186,241 0,30 5 (SP) ∞ 5,89 6 -60,428 1,50 1,63270 47,5 7 761,621 0,10 8 181,467 1,50 1,49758 82,4 9 ∞ 11,55 1,49402 82,0 10 -65,604 2,00 11* -86,397 1,00 2,00330 28,3 12 -110,085 -1,00 13* -86,397 -2,00 14 -65,604 -11,55 1,49402 82,0 15 ∞ 11,55 16 -65,604 2,00 17* -86,397 1,00 2,00330 28,3 18 -110,085 1,00 19 115,140 1,71 1,63640 63,1 20* 3508,933 1,44 21 ∞ 1,50 1,51633 64,1 22 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0188] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.63267e-07 A 6 = 2.93219e-09 4. Area

[0189] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.17377e-06 A 6 = 8.47197e-10 A 8 = -1.15699e-12 A10 = -4.32516e-15 11. Area

[0190] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.19247e-06 A 6 = -2.62246e-09 A 8 = 2.21713e-12 A10 = -2.22878e-14 A12 = 1.58408e-17 13. Area

[0191] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.19247e-06 A 6 = -2.62246e-09 A 8 = 2.21713e-12 A10 = -2.22878e-14 A12 = 1.58408e-17 17. Area

[0192] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.19247e-06 A 6 = -2.62246e-09 A 8 = 2.21713e-12 A10 = -2.22878e-14 A12 = 1.58408e-17 20. Area

[0193] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.63824e-05 A 6 = -1.06717e-07 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d22 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 6UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 -81,190 3,00 1,56404 71,6 2 -178,691 0,94 3 84,160 14,20 1,54726 46,3 4 -109,712 3,90 5 (SP) ∞ 13,27 6 -47,777 1,50 1,60342 38,0 7 ∞ 3,43 1,88300 40,8 8 -214,922 2,26 9* -144,806 3,50 1,59522 67,7 10 -101,352 -3,50 11* -144,806 -2,26 12 -214,922 -3,43 1,88300 40,8 13 ∞ 3,43 14 -214,922 2,26 15* -144,806 3,50 1,59522 67,7 16 -101,352 4,35 1,81057 25,1 17 279,559 1,00 18 68,860 8,79 1,72916 54,7 19* -135,440 4,25 20 58,135 6,52 1,50599 80,0 21 -114,882 1,00 22 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 23 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA9. Area

[0194] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.77810e-07 A 6 = 1.97233e-11 A 8 = -1.93497e-13 A10 = 2.59713e-16 A12 = -1.33641e-19 11. Area

[0195] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.77810e-07 A 6 = 1.97233e-11 A 8 = -1.93497e-13 A10 = 2.59713e-16 A12 = -1.33641e-19 15. Area

[0196] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.77810e-07 A 6 = 1.97233e-11 A 8 = -1.93497e-13 A10 = 2.59713e-16 A12 = -1.33641e-19 19. Area

[0197] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.32990e-07 A 6 = 1.09167e-09 A 8 = -5.37842e-13 A10 = 2.07993e-16 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,55 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d23 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 7UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 132,020 1,80 1,52841 76,5 2 23,495 3,81 3* 34,705 2,50 1,54658 55,9 4* 24,842 5,79 5 33,997 3,04 1,84666 23,8 6 51,145 12,17 7 27,031 5,79 1,48749 70,4 8 -127,810 0,30 9 (SP) ∞ 4,51 10* -97,461 1,50 1,72916 54,7 11 183,806 1,00 12 ∞ 1,00 1,51633 64,1 13 ∞ 2,62 1,48749 70,2 14 -62,885 2,00 1,85025 30,1 15* -100,173 -2,00 16 -62,885 -2,62 1,48749 70,2 17 ∞ -1,00 1,51633 64,1 18 ∞ 1,00 19 ∞ 2,62 1,48749 70,2 20 -62,885 2,00 1,85025 30,1 21* -100,173 2,15 22 -71,168 3,71 1,49700 81,5 23 -26,476 0,50 24 -49,336 1,20 1,84666 23,8 25 1246,886 0,10 26 44,977 7,21 1,85400 40,4 27* -51,137 9,40 28 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 29 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0198] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.80058e-05 A 6 = -1.86749e-08 A 8 = 5.41443e-12 A10 = 5.11302e-14 4. Area

[0199] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.71319e-05 A 6 = -2.40373e-08 10. Area

[0200] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.80747e-06 A 6 = 5.34299e-10 15. Area

[0201] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.89798e-06 A 6 = 4.44896e-09 A 8 = 2.67425e-12 21. Area

[0202] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.89798e-06 A 6 = 4.44896e-09 A 8 = 2.67425e-12 26. Area

[0203] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.06753e-06 A 6 = 7.40511e-09 A 8 = 2.47090e-11 27. Area

[0204] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.08328e-05 A 6 = -2.04810e-08 A 8 = 1.01300e-10 A10 = -9.40040e-14 VARIOUS DATA focal length 17,38 aperture 0,95 half angle 39,84 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d29 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 8UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* -409,789 1,80 1,85400 40,4 2* 42,180 0, 20 3 40,979 3,54 1,84666 23,8 4 122,998 1,00 5 96,345 1,92 2,00100 29,1 6 41,243 6,48 1,81600 46,6 7 -118,059 0,50 8 (SP) ∞ 13,69 9 ∞ 1,00 1,51633 64,1 10 ∞ 0,10 1,51633 40,0 11 ∞ 2,72 1,82115 24,1 12 -105,501 -2,72 13 ∞ -0,10 1,51633 40,0 14 ∞ -1,00 1,51633 64,1 15 ∞ 1,00 16 ∞ 0,10 1,51633 40,0 17 ∞ 2,72 1,82115 24,1 18 -105,501 1,70 1,92119 24,0 19* 39,788 4,68 20 -36,572 2,13 1,84666 23,8 21 -35,086 1,00 22 91,120 7,28 1,49700 81,6 23 -28,563 2,00 1,87070 40,7 24 -173,578 0,10 25* 39,262 8,74 1,58913 61,1 26* -44,520 9,40 27 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 28 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0205] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.43125e-08 A 6 = 8.19697e-10 2. Area

[0206] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.51907e-06 A 6 = 1.25991e-09 19. Area

[0207] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -5.63465e-07 A 6 = -1.32044e-09 A 8 = -6.59630e-12 A10 = -3.66076e-15 25. Area

[0208] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 5.89089e-08 A 6 = 7.14844e-09 26. Area

[0209] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 9.86729e-06 A 6 = -5.58092e-09 A 8 = 3.90470e-11 A10 = -5.62801e-14 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d28 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 9UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* 8,184 1,64 1,54658 55,9 2* 33,051 4,17 3 (SP) ∞ 0,60 4* -43,951 1,60 1,54658 55,9 5* 564,166 1,26 6* -7,524 0,30 1,54658 55,9 7* -10,919 0,95 8* -26,449 0,90 1,54658 55,9 9* -15,162 0,95 10* -9,626 -0,95 11* -15,162 -0,90 1,54658 55,9 12* -26,449 -0,95 13* -10,919 0,95 14* -26,449 0,90 1,54658 55,9 15* -15,162 0,95 16* -9,626 0,35 1,54658 55,9 17* -6,872 0,03 18 ∞ 0,43 1,51633 64,1 19 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0210] K = 0.00000e+00 A 2 = -2.92248e-02 A 4 = -1.66006e-04 A 6 = 1.48542e-06 A 8 = -3.34281e-08 A10 = 2.02751e-10 A12 = 1.57208e-12 2. Area

[0211] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 7.63633e-05 A 6 = 5.33636e-06 A 8 = -1.52003e-07 A10 = 3.33154e-09 A12 = -2.42253e-11 4. Area

[0212] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.88719e-04 A 6 = -1.52411e-05 A 8 = 2.17573e-06 A10 = -1.53277e-07 5. Area

[0213] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.17211e-04 A 6 = 1.28090e-05 A 8 = -8.94365e-07 6. Area

[0214] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -5.58108e-04 A 6 = 1.87674e-05 A 8 = -1.36199e-06 7. Area

[0215] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -3,42153e-04 A 6 = 6,88122e-06 A 8 = -2,36999e-07 A10 = -8,92100e-10 A12 = 2,97739e-13 8. Fläche

[0216] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 5,15689e-05 A 6 = -1,88653e-05 A 8 = 3,12701e-07 A10 = -1,02106e-08 A12 = 5,08818e-11 9. Fläche

[0217] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 1,00441e-04 A 6 = -2,22495e-05 A 8 = 4,90051e-07 A10 = -9,61925e-09 10. Fläche

[0218] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -4,29042e-05 A 6 = 3,45895e-06 A 8 = -2,86769e-08 A10 = -2,33169e-09 A12 = 2,61879e-11 A14 = -1,75383e-14 A16 = -2,25865e-16 11. Fläche

[0219] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 1,00441e-04 A 6 = -2,22495e-05 A 8 = 4,90051e-07 A10 = -9,61925e-09 12. Fläche

[0220] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 5,15689e-05 A 6 = -1,88653e-05 A 8 = 3,12701e-07 A10 = -1,02106e-08 A12 = 5,08818e-11 13. Fläche

[0221] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.42153e-04 A 6 = 6.88122e-06 A 8 = -2.36999e-07 A10 = -8.92100e-10 A12 = 2.97739e-13 14. Area

[0222] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 5.15689e-05 A 6 = -1.88653e-05 A 8 = 3.12701e-07 A10 = -1.02106e-08 A12 = 5.08818e-11 15. Area

[0223] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.00441e-04 A 6 = -2.22495e-05 A 8 = 4.90051e-07 A10 = -9.61925e-09 16. Area

[0224] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.29042e-05 A 6 = 3.45895e-06 A 8 = -2.86769e-08 A10 = -2.33169e-09 A12 = 2.61879e-11 A14 = -1.75383e-14 A16 = -2.25865e-16 17. Area

[0225] K = 0.00000e+00 A 2 = 7.65763e-03 A 4 = 1.70301e-03 A 6 = -2.74630e-05 A 8 = 2.26084e-07 VARIOUS DATA focal length 7,74 aperture 1,40 half angle 45,66 Image height 7,92 BF 0,10 d19 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 10UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* 34,495 3,34 1,51633 64,1 2* 75,497 (Variable) 3 (SP) ∞ 4,31 4* -69,221 3,66 1,54658 55,9 5* -51,980 (Variable) 6* 117,370 4,32 1,54658 55,9 7* 166,054 3,48 8* 111,755 -3,48 9* 166,054 -4,32 1,54658 55,9 10* 117,370 (Variable) 11* -51,980 (Variable) 12* 117,370 4,32 1,54658 55,9 13* 166,054 3,48 14* 111,755 3,04 1,54658 55,9 15* 34,800 (Variable) 16 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 17 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0226] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.74929e-06 A 6 = -8.62843e-10 2. Fläche

[0227] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -4,07821e-06 A 6 = -7,23767e-10 4. Fläche

[0228] K = 0,00000e+00 A 2 = -1,22787e-02 A 4 = -1,83823e-06 A 6 = 2,70135e-08 A 8 = -5,09885e-11 5. Fläche

[0229] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -2,15470e-06 A 6 = 4,98429e-09 A 8 = -3,38806e-11 A10 = 1,31569e-13 A12 = -2,13965e-16 6. Fläche

[0230] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,56713e-07 A 6 = -6,36987e-08 A 8 = 8,88377e-11 A10 = -2,64136e-13 A12 = 2,14791e-16 7. Fläche

[0231] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 3,08711e-06 A 6 = -4,36485e-08 A 8 = 1,39724e-11 A10 = 2,33549e-15 8. Fläche

[0232] K = 0,00000e+00 A 2 = -1,54062e-02 A 4 = -1,12202e-06 A 6 = 1,18269e-10 A 8 = 5,81600e-12 A10 = -5,88663e-15 A12 = 1,86539e-18 9. Fläche

[0233] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 3,08711e-06 A 6 = -4,36485e-08 A 8 = 1,39724e-11 A10 = 2,33549e-15 10. Fläche

[0234] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,56713e-07 A 6 = -6,36987e-08 A 8 = 8,88377e-11 A10 = -2,64136e-13 A12 = 2,14791e-16 11. Fläche

[0235] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -2,15470e-06 A 6 = 4,98429e-09 A 8 = -3,38806e-11 A10 = 1,31569e-13 A12 = -2,13965e-16 12. Fläche

[0236] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,56713e-07 A 6 = -6,36987e-08 A 8 = 8,88377e-11 A10 = -2,64136e-13 A12 = 2,14791e-16 13. Fläche

[0237] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 3,08711e-06 A 6 = -4,36485e-08 A 8 = 1,39724e-11 A10 = 2,33549e-15 14. Fläche

[0238] K = 0,00000e+00 A 2 = -1,54062e-02 A 4 = -1,12202e-06 A 6 = 1,18269e-10 A 8 = 5,81600e-12 A10 = -5,88663e-15 A12 = 1,86539e-18 15. Fläche

[0239] K = 0.00000e+00 A 2 = -3.00572e-02 A 4 = -1.07875e-05 A 6 = -1.07802e-08 A 8 = 4.04651e-13 VARIOUS DATA focal length 48,00 aperture 1,50 half angle 24,26 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 Object distance INF 480 400 d2 12,67 12,67 12,67 d5 3,08 2,37 2,00 d10 -3,08 -2,37 -2,00 d11 3,08 2,37 2,00 d15 11,00 20,26 23,79 d17 0,10 -6,12 -8,05 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 11UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 43,050 2,48 1,49700 81,5 2 122,119 5,62 3 (SP) ∞ 0,99 4 -72,690 1,50 1,51680 64,2 5 -2719,444 2,91 1,49700 81,5 6 -71,844 14,08 7* -84,641 2,00 1,77250 49,5 8 -127,982 -2,00 9* -85,016 -14,08 10 -71,844 -2,91 1,49700 81,5 11 -2719,444 2,91 12 -71,844 14,08 13* -84,641 2,00 1,77250 49,5 14 -127,982 1,70 1,80518 25,4 15 -755,115 1,00 16 50,885 4,16 1,49700 81,5 17 -142,624 2,00 18 ∞ 1,50 1,51633 64,1 19 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA7. Area

[0240] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.27170e-06 A 6 = 1.09638e-09 A 8 = -1.59118e-11 A10 = 6.69227e-14 A12 = -1.11236e-16 9. Area

[0241] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.27170e-06 A 6 = 1.09638e-09 A 8 = -1.59118e-11 A10 = 6.69227e-14 A12 = -1.11236e-16 13. Area

[0242] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.27170e-06 A 6 = 1.09638e-09 A 8 = -1.59118e-11 A10 = 6.69227e-14 A12 = -1.11236e-16 VARIOUS DATA focal length 45,00 aperture 2,00 half angle 16,72 Image height 13,52 BF 0,10 d19 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 12UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 -64,414 1,70 1,80400 46,6 2 -89,821 0,20 3 37,669 7,98 1,51823 58,9 4 -115,201 3,69 5 (SP) ∞ 2,18 6 -105,027 1,50 1,83481 42,7 7 -577,086 7,48 8 132,568 1,50 1,49700 81,5 9 ∞ 1,81 1,83481 42,7 10 -134,855 2,00 11* -54,249 2,00 1,85400 40,4 12 -102,974 -2,00 13* -54,249 -2,00 14 -134,855 -1,81 1,83481 42,7 15 ∞ 1,81 16 -135,405 2,00 17* -54,249 2,00 1,85400 40,4 18 -102,974 1,70 2,00330 28,3 19 220,682 1,16 20 -170,532 3,24 1,49700 81,5 21 -36,082 1,20 22 57,215 4,96 1,80420 46,5 23 -81,669 9,40 24 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 25 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA11. Area

[0243] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.98007e-06 A 6 = 5.44403e-09 A 8 = -5.81960e-11 A10 = 2.52878e-13 A12 = -4.19387e-16 13. Area

[0244] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.98007e-06 A 6 = 5.44403e-09 A 8 = -5.81960e-11 A10 = 2.52878e-13 A12 = -4.19387e-16 17. Area

[0245] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.98007e-06 A 6 = 5.44403e-09 A 8 = -5.81960e-11 A10 = 2.52878e-13 A12 = -4.19387e-16 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d25 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 13UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 212,715 2,00 1,49700 81,5 2 117,564 3,05 1,68948 31,0 3 296,551 23,72 4 242,548 2,89 1,84666 23,8 5 101,330 2,49 6 -110,931 2,00 1,91082 35,2 7 913,868 1,15 8 (SP) ∞ 0,30 9 60,164 3,22 1,80518 25,5 10 ∞ 4,95 1,48749 70,2 11 -52,664 2,31 12* -56,420 2,00 1,85400 40,4 13 -101,670 -2,00 14* -56,420 -2,31 15 -52,664 -4,95 1,48749 70,2 16 ∞ 4,95 17 -52,664 2,31 18* -56,420 2,00 1,85400 40,4 19 -101,670 1,70 1,77250 49,6 20 37,111 1,12 21 42,372 9,37 1,51680 64,2 22* -27,818 1,20 23 40,818 4,10 1,49700 81,5 24 1004,153 9,40 25 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 26 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA12. Area

[0246] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.56220e-06 A 6 = -1.16511e-09 A 8 = -8.21450e-12 A10 = 2.52195e-14 A12 = -4.26110e-17 14. Area

[0247] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.56220e-06 A 6 = -1.16511e-09 A 8 = -8.21450e-12 A10 = 2.52195e-14 A12 = -4.26110e-17 18. Area

[0248] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.56220e-06 A 6 = -1.16511e-09 A 8 = -8.21450e-12 A10 = 2.52195e-14 A12 = -4.26110e-17 22. Area

[0249] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.04785e-06 A 6 = -8.15703e-09 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d26 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 14UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 -100,067 2,00 1,48749 70,2 2 -340,582 2,93 3 79,292 11,08 1,54072 47,2 4 -128,708 7,22 5 (SP) ∞ 7,19 6 -64,631 2,00 1,60342 38,0 7 ∞ 2,53 1,83481 42,7 8 -260,842 4,82 9* -82,704 3,50 1,53996 59,5 10 -90,589 -3,50 11* -82,704 -4,82 12 -260,842 -2,53 1,83481 42,7 13 ∞ 2,53 14 -260,842 4,82 15* -82,704 3,50 1,53996 59,5 16 -90,589 1,72 1,84666 23,8 17 -1015,139 1,72 18 47,324 7,42 1,64000 60,2 19* -96,561 3,49 20 51,514 5,39 1,55352 71,7 21 -114,495 1,06 22 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 23 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA9. Area

[0250] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.31478e-07 A 6 = -2.74307e-10 A 8 = 1.58841e-13 A10 = 2.42540e-17 A12 = -1.36738e-19 11. Area

[0251] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.31478e-07 A 6 = -2.74307e-10 A 8 = 1.58841e-13 A10 = 2.42540e-17 A12 = -1.36738e-19 15. Area

[0252] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.31478e-07 A 6 = -2.74307e-10 A 8 = 1.58841e-13 A10 = 2.42540e-17 A12 = -1.36738e-19 19. Area

[0253] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.54086e-06 A 6 = -5.50287e-10 A 8 = 1.66150e-12 A10 = 7.92260e-18 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,55 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d23 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 15UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* 52,287 5,84 1,58573 59,7 2* 135,265 6,51 3 (SP) ∞ 3,11 4 -106,453 2,00 1,53775 74,7 5 -114,505 13,32 1,56732 42,8 6 -117,115 15,96 7* -59,265 2,00 1,51742 52,2 8 -104,966 -2,00 9* -59,265 -15,96 10 -117,043 -13,32 1,56732 42,8 11 -114,430 13,32 12 -117,043 15,96 13* -59,265 2,00 1,51742 52,2 14 -104,966 1,70 1,51742 52,4 15 -85,497 1,00 16* 526,394 2,84 1,85400 40,4 17* -148,323 4,44 18 ∞ 1,50 1,51633 64,1 19 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0254] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 3.18032e-07 A 6 = 2.80240e-10 A 8 = -6.47939e-14 A10 = 3.10952e-16 2. Area

[0255] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.64643e-07 A 6 = -1.26010e-10 7. Area

[0256] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -7.44307e-07 A 6 = -5.79334e-10 A 8 = 2.09678e-14 A10 = -7.96117e-16 A12 = 2.86214e-19 9. Area

[0257] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -7.44307e-07 A 6 = -5.79334e-10 A 8 = 2.09678e-14 A10 = -7.96117e-16 A12 = 2.86214e-19 13. Area

[0258] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -7.44307e-07 A 6 = -5.79334e-10 A 8 = 2.09678e-14 A10 = -7.96117e-16 A12 = 2.86214e-19 16. Area

[0259] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.65984e-05 A 6 = -1.36407e-07 17. Area

[0260] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -5.41008e-05 A 6 = -5.41946e-08 VARIOUS DATA focal length 100,00 aperture 2,00 half angle 7,70 Image height 13,52 BF 0,10 d19 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 16UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 62,002 6,87 1,61997 63,9 2 374,246 20,78 3 (SP) ∞ 2,62 4 -101,769 1,50 1,88300 40,8 5 ∞ 12,45 1,65160 58,5 6 -80,971 2,00 7* -92,486 2,41 1,85400 40,4 8 -169,778 -2,41 9* -92,486 -2,00 10 -80,971 -12,45 1,65160 58,5 11 ∞ 12,45 12 -80,971 2,00 13* -92,486 2,41 1,85400 40,4 14 -169,778 6,36 1,49700 81,5 15 -59,903 14,27 16 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 17 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA7. Area

[0261] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.49441e-07 A 6 = 4.42583e-10 A 8 = -2.29922e-12 A10 = 3.41916e-15 A12 = -2.00408e-18 9. Area

[0262] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.49441e-07 A 6 = 4.42583e-10 A 8 = -2.29922e-12 A10 = 3.41916e-15 A12 = -2.00408e-18 13. Area

[0263] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -8.49441e-07 A 6 = 4.42583e-10 A 8 = -2.29922e-12 A10 = 3.41916e-15 A12 = -2.00408e-18 VARIOUS DATA focal length 52,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 14,58 Image height 13,52 BF 0,10 d17 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 17UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 45,051 2,00 2,00100 29,1 2 46,817 6,45 3* 35,316 5,10 1,51633 64,1 4 448,833 1,29 5 (SP) ∞ 8,73 6 -34,039 1,71 1,49700 81,5 7 -37,495 0,10 8 -222,409 1,50 2,00100 29,1 9 ∞ 4,62 1,48749 70,2 10 -46,732 1,50 11* -40,684 2,00 1,85400 40,4 12 -98,403 -2,00 13* -40,684 -1,50 14 -46,732 -4,62 1,48749 70,2 15 ∞ 4,62 16 -46,732 1,50 17* -40,684 2,00 1,85400 40,4 18 -98,404 1,00 19 144,816 5,66 1,88300 40,8 20 -42,677 9,40 21 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 22 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0264] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.01631e-06 A 6 = -2.30048e-09 A 8 = 2.71764e-11 A10 = -5.99857e-14 A12 = 7.06294e-17 11. Area

[0265] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.23437e-06 A 6 = 4.07555e-09 A 8 = -6.70601e-11 A10 = 2.79579e-13 A12 = -4.68393e-16 13. Area

[0266] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.23437e-06 A 6 = 4.07555e-09 A 8 = -6.70601e-11 A10 = 2.79579e-13 A12 = -4.68393e-16 17. Area

[0267] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.23437e-06 A 6 = 4.07555e-09 A 8 = -6.70601e-11 A10 = 2.79579e-13 A12 = -4.68393e-16 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d22 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 18UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 48,707 1,50 1,84666 23,8 2* 46,185 5,77 3 38,164 2,00 1,78470 26,3 4 79,648 1,86 5 (SP) ∞ 2,07 6 -62,601 2,37 1,59522 67,7 7 ∞ 3,87 1,52841 76,5 8 -51,351 2,07 9* -44,034 2,00 1,95375 32,3 10 -71,635 -2,00 11* -44,034 -2,07 12 -51,351 -3,87 1,52841 76,5 13 ∞ 3,87 14 -51,351 2,07 15* -44,034 2,00 1,95375 32,3 16 -71,635 4,69 1,72916 54,7 17* -29,692 1,00 18 35,258 6,70 1,49700 81,5 19 -97,953 3,39 20 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 21 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA2. Area

[0268] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.80322e-06 A 6 = -4.85921e-09 9. Area

[0269] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -5.53212e-06 A 6 = -1.00677e-08 A 8 = 2.07899e-12 A10 = -6.64077e-14 A12 = -8.05438e-17 11. Area

[0270] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -5.53212e-06 A 6 = -1.00677e-08 A 8 = 2.07899e-12 A10 = -6.64077e-14 A12 = -8.05438e-17 15. Area

[0271] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -5.53212e-06 A 6 = -1.00677e-08 A 8 = 2.07899e-12 A10 = -6.64077e-14 A12 = -8.05438e-17 17. Area

[0272] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.18242e-06 A 6 = -2.57579e-08 A 8 = 7.82406e-11 A10 = -2.38554e-13 VARIOUS DATA focal length 21,65 aperture 0,90 half angle 33,82 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d21 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 19UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* 34,741 3,12 1,51633 64,1 2* 70,145 (Variable) 3 (SP) ∞ 3,67 4* -87,357 6,37 1,54658 55,9 5* -50,934 (Variable) 6* -51,069 4,35 1,54658 55,9 7* -55,512 5,11 8* -48,144 -5,11 9* -55,512 -4,35 1,54658 55,9 10* -51,069 (Variable) 11* -50,934 (Variable) 12* -51,069 4,35 1,54658 55,9 13* -55,512 5,11 14* -48,144 1,70 1,54658 55,9 15* 22,265 (Variable) 16 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 17 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0273] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.05760e-06 A 6 = -1.20695e-09 A 8 = 1.87087e-11 A10 = -3.04451e-14 A12 = -3.38066e-18 2. Area

[0274] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 8.53439e-07 A 6 = -3.77007e-09 A 8 = 1.13209e-11 A10 = -4.09934e-14 A12 = 2.20382e-17 4. Area

[0275] K = 0,00000e+00 A 2 = -9,94614e-03 A 4 = -1,13659e-05 A 6 = 1,70344e-08 A 8 = 1,55013e-11 A10 = 1,01486e-14 5. Fläche

[0276] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,98602e-06 A 6 = 1,24590e-09 A 8 = 7,15980e-12 A10 = -7,27344e-14 6. Fläche

[0277] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 1,74651e-05 A 6 = -3,72923e-08 A 8 = -5,19580e-11 A10 = 7,83608e-14 A12 = -7,61217e-16 7. Fläche

[0278] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 1,25192e-05 A 6 = -2,18272e-08 A 8 = 2,39426e-11 A10 = -1,99465e-13 8. Fläche

[0279] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,52761e-07 A 6 = 1,51824e-10 A 8 = -4,67105e-13 A10 = -1,43466e-14 A12 = 6,59523e-17 9. Fläche

[0280] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 1,25192e-05 A 6 = -2,18272e-08 A 8 = 2,39426e-11 A10 = -1,99465e-13 10. Fläche

[0281] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = 1,74651e-05 A 6 = -3,72923e-08 A 8 = -5,19580e-11 A10 = 7,83608e-14 A12 = -7,61217e-16 11. Area

[0282] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.98602e-06 A 6 = 1.24590e-09 A 8 = 7.15980e-12 A10 = -7.27344e-14 12. Area

[0283] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.74651e-05 A 6 = -3.72923e-08 A 8 = -5.19580e-11 A10 = 7.83608e-14 A12 = -7.61217e-16 13. Area

[0284] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.25192e-05 A 6 = -2.18272e-08 A 8 = 2.39426e-11 A10 = -1.99465e-13 14. Area

[0285] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.52761e-07 A 6 = 1.51824e-10 A 8 = -4.67105e-13 A10 = -1.43466e-14 A12 = 6.59523e-17 15. Area

[0286] K = 0.00000e+00 A 2 = -3.67253e-02 A 4 = -6.47218e-06 A 6 = -1.64802e-08 A 8 = -4.65932e-11 VARIOUS DATA focal length 47,99 aperture 1,50 half angle 24,26 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 Object distance INF 480 275 d2 11,58 9,08 6,48 d5 2,00 2,83 3,39 d10 -2,00 -2,83 -3,39 d11 2,00 2,83 3,39 d15 11,00 12,67 14,70 d17 0,10 -4,96 -9,09 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 20UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 -95,586 3,00 1,91082 35,2 2 -213,920 2,23 3 66,966 8,02 1,61293 37,0 4 -123,603 7,39 5 (SP) ∞ 4,18 6 -76,270 1,00 1,79950 42,3 7 ∞ 3,02 1,78800 47,5 8 -126,465 2,00 9* -69,935 2,00 1,85400 40,4 10 -101,262 0,00 11 -101,262 0,00 12 -101,262 -2,00 1,85400 40,4 13* -69,935 -2,00 14 -126,465 -3,02 1,78800 47,5 15 ∞ 3,02 16 -126,421 2,00 17* -69,935 2,00 1,85400 40,4 18 -101,262 0,00 19 -101,262 1,70 1,91082 35,2 20 182,675 1,00 21 46,813 10,35 1,49700 81,6 22* -73,680 1,20 23 79,825 6,53 1,49700 81,5 24 -49,719 9,40 25 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 26 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA9. Area

[0287] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.02932e-06 A 6 = 1.71899e-10 A 8 = -1.82378e-12 A10 = 4.42535e-15 A12 = -4.22552e-18 13. Area

[0288] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.02932e-06 A 6 = 1.71899e-10 A 8 = -1.82378e-12 A10 = 4.42535e-15 A12 = -4.22552e-18 17. Area

[0289] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.02932e-06 A 6 = 1.71899e-10 A 8 = -1.82378e-12 A10 = 4.42535e-15 A12 = -4.22552e-18 22. Area

[0290] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.77769e-06 A 6 = 3.78844e-09 VARIOUS DATA focal length 32,00 aperture 0,70 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d26 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 21UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 41,943 11,40 1,48749 70,2 2 716,633 4,73 3* 201,736 2,40 1,77250 49,5 4* 72,349 5,98 5 (SP) ∞ 9,41 6 ∞ 3,12 1,51742 52,4 7 -125,229 2,34 8 -89,374 2,00 1,88300 40,8 9 -151,660 -2,00 10 -89,374 -2,34 11 -125,229 -3,12 1,51742 52,4 12 ∞ 3,12 13 -125,229 2,34 14 -89,374 2,00 1,88300 40,8 15 -151,660 4,00 16* -51,495 2,50 1,54400 56,0 17* -65,237 0,15 18 69,697 9,65 1,48749 70,2 19 -44,228 0,11 20 2922,340 5,40 1,90525 35,0 21 182,622 13,20 22 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 23 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0291] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 5.29083e-06 A 6 = -9.38486e-09 A 8 = 8.37198e-12 A10 = -3.53430e-15 4. Area

[0292] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 7.53551e-06 A 6 = -8.80710e-09 A 8 = 8.79233e-12 A10 = -3.43617e-15 16. Area

[0293] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.27331e-05 A 6 = -1.42063e-08 17. Area

[0294] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.65139e-05 A 6 = -1.03897e-08 A 8 = -5.14026e-12 A10 = 8.65167e-15 VARIOUS DATA focal length 50,00 aperture 0,96 half angle 23,40 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 d23 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 22UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 173,495 2,00 1,88300 40,8 2 49,123 0,03 3 37,190 2,00 1,54000 56,0 4 41,815 0,50 5 43,296 8,70 1,64769 33,8 6 103,465 3,02 7 (SP) ∞ 2,00 8 46,811 11,04 1,49700 81,5 9 -84,883 5,74 10 -74,092 1,50 1,65160 58,5 11 ∞ 4,81 1,51633 64,1 12 -65,199 1,87 13* -63,950 2,00 1,85400 40,4 14* -114,321 -2,00 15* -63,950 -1,87 16 -65,199 -4,81 1,51633 64,1 17 ∞ 4,81 18 -65,199 1,87 19* -63,950 2,00 1,85400 40,4 20* -114,321 0,20 21 ∞ 1,00 1,51633 64,1 22 ∞ 5,44 1,48749 70,2 23 -52,217 12,00 24 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 25 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0295] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -6.28932e-06 A 6 = -1.79799e-08 A 8 = -1.23977e-11 A10 = 3.86980e-14 4. Area

[0296] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.97301e-06 A 6 = -1.70340e-08 A 8 = -1.09235e-11 A10 = 4.30624e-14 13. Area

[0297] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.56151e-06 A 6 = 3.94324e-11 A 8 = 3.89519e-12 A10 = -1.21217e-14 A12 = 1.18319e-17 14. Area

[0298] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.92297e-08 A 6 = 6.76632e-10 15. Area

[0299] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.56151e-06 A 6 = 3.94324e-11 A 8 = 3.89519e-12 A10 = -1.21217e-14 A12 = 1.18319e-17 19. Area

[0300] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.56151e-06 A 6 = 3.94324e-11 A 8 = 3.89519e-12 A10 = -1.21217e-14 A12 = 1.18319e-17 20. Area

[0301] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.92297e-08 A 6 = 6.76632e-10 VARIOUS DATA focal length 35,00 aperture 1,00 half angle 31,72 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 d25 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 23UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 43,558 1,80 1,69895 30,1 2* 60,509 3,98 3 121,002 2,41 1,49700 81,5 4 -507,521 6,78 5 (SP) ∞ 2,36 6 -124,482 1,50 2,00330 28,3 7 ∞ 1,50 1,49700 81,5 8 402,886 3,43 9* -465,811 2,00 1,49700 81,5 10 -103,041 -2,00 11* -465,811 -3,43 12 402,886 -1,50 1,49700 81,5 13 ∞ 1,50 14 402,886 3,43 15 -465,811 2,00 1,49700 81,5 16 -103,041 1,70 1,88300 40,8 17 -299,030 1,44 18 -106,107 6,87 1,48749 70,4 19* -35,070 1,20 20 32,823 6,31 1,49700 81,5 21 480,969 6,81 22 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 23 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA2. Area

[0302] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.08957e-07 A 6 = -5.56282e-10 9. Area

[0303] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.15617e-06 A 6 = -3.25248e-09 A 8 = 1.70004e-11 A10 = -9.65529e-14 A12 = 1.62524e-16 11. Area

[0304] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.15617e-06 A 6 = -3.25248e-09 A 8 = 1.70004e-11 A10 = -9.65529e-14 A12 = 1.62524e-16 15. Area

[0305] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -2.15617e-06 A 6 = -3.25248e-09 A 8 = 1.70004e-11 A10 = -9.65529e-14 A12 = 1.62524e-16 19. Area

[0306] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.46773e-07 A 6 = -5.83941e-09 A 8 = 5.31116e-12 A10 = -1.07179e-14 VARIOUS DATA focal length 31,99 aperture 1,20 half angle 24,38 Image height 14,50 BF 0,10 d23 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 24UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 -1663,968 2,00 1,61800 63,4 2 71,473 0,30 3* 92,922 2,04 1,54000 56,0 4* 108,037 0,50 5 39,338 15,64 1,48749 70,2 6 1004,404 1,68 7 (SP) ∞ 2,33 8 60,041 10,92 1,49700 81,5 9 -49,535 0,30 10 -71,257 5,59 1,69680 55,5 11 -140,988 5,89 12 -91,635 1,50 1,59551 39,2 13 ∞ 1,60 14 213,232 2,30 1,77250 49,5 15 576,812 1,26 16 -124,828 -1,26 17* 576,812 -2,30 1,77250 49,5 18* 213,232 -1,60 19 ∞ 1,60 20 213,232 2,30 1,77250 49,5 21 576,812 1,26 22 -124,828 1,50 1,98612 16,5 23 ∞ 1,00 1,51633 64,1 24 ∞ 0,10 25 140,590 5,21 1,79360 37,1 26 -85,259 10,33 27 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 28 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0307] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.29859e-06 A 6 = 6.82258e-09 A 8 = 1.75850e-11 A10 = -2.68142e-14 4. Area

[0308] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 4.27604e-06 A 6 = 9.79087e-09 A 8 = 1.77416e-11 A10 = -1.97887e-14 14. Area

[0309] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -6.23100e-06 A 6 = 5.29938e-09 A 8 = -4.53625e-11 A10 = 6.33782e-14 15. Area

[0310] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.46191e-06 A 6 = 3.27854e-09 A 8 = -3.42859e-11 A10 = 4.89042e-14 17. Area

[0311] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.46191e-06 A 6 = 3.27854e-09 A 8 = -3.42859e-11 A10 = 4.89042e-14 18. Area

[0312] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -6.23100e-06 A 6 = 5.29938e-09 A 8 = -4.53625e-11 A10 = 6.33782e-14 20. Area

[0313] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -6.23100e-06 A 6 = 5.29938e-09 A 8 = -4.53625e-11 A10 = 6.33782e-14 21. Area

[0314] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.46191e-06 A 6 = 3.27854e-09 A 8 = -3.42859e-11 A10 = 4.89042e-14 VARIOUS DATA focal length 35,50 aperture 0,95 half angle 31,36 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 d28 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 25UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1 43,323 11,34 1,48749 70,2 2 1026,458 6,87 3 224,417 2,40 1,77250 49,5 4 67,659 5,58 5 (SP) ∞ 7,24 6 ∞ 2,00 1,51633 64,1 7 ∞ 1,50 8 323,649 2,47 1,65943 60,8 9 -369,996 1,71 10 -111,236 2,00 1,89293 39,3 11 -157,686 -2,00 12 -111,236 -1,71 13 -369,996 -2,47 1,65943 60,8 14 323,649 -1,50 15 ∞ 1,50 16 323,649 2,47 1,65943 60,8 17 -369,996 1,71 18 -111,236 2,00 1,89293 39,3 19 -157,686 0,10 20 ∞ 1,80 1,51633 64,1 21 ∞ 2,95 22* -35,701 2,50 1,54400 56,0 23* -42,066 0,15 24 75,163 9,49 1,48749 70,2 25 -41,912 0,11 26 -125,469 6,08 1,88300 40,8 27 -4397,925 11,79 28 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 29 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA3. Surface

[0315] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.29798e-06 A 6 = -3.96015e-09 A 8 = 4.15359e-12 A10 = -2.08355e-15 4. Area

[0316] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 3.17673e-06 A 6 = -3.76681e-09 A 8 = 5.14754e-12 A10 = -3.01761e-15 22. Area

[0317] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.81465e-05 A 6 = 3.61890e-10 A 8 = -5.09761e-11 A10 = 5.10749e-14 23. Area

[0318] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 2.06653e-05 A 6 = 2.60284e-09 A 8 = -4.72922e-11 A10 = 4.87368e-14 VARIOUS DATA focal length 50,00 aperture 0,95 half angle 23,40 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 d29 0,10 NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 26UNIT: mm AREA DATA Area No. r d and vd 1* 34,442 3,39 1,51633 64,1 2* 49,387 14,11 3 (SP) ∞ 8,00 4* -40,752 1,50 1,54658 55,9 5* -56,972 1,11 6* 59,695 6,31 1,54658 55,9 7* 67,405 4,60 8* -49,479 -4,60 9* 67,405 -6,31 1,54658 55,9 10* 59,695 -1,11 11* -56,972 1,11 12* 59,695 6,31 1,54658 55,9 13* 67,405 4,60 14* -49,479 1,87 1,54658 55,9 15* -39,271 11,00 16 ∞ 3,00 1,51633 64,1 17 ∞ 0,10 Image plane ∞ ASPHERICAL DATA1. Area

[0319] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 1.88779e-07 A 6 = 3.81432e-09 A 8 = -6.92099e-12 A10 = 1.47763e-14 A12 = 2.09285e-18 2. Area

[0320] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = 3.34279e-07 A 6 = 4.78843e-09 A 8 = -1.29872e-11 A10 = 2.79285e-14 A12 = -1.08478e-17 4. Area

[0321] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.15373e-07 A 6 = 1.61379e-08 A 8 = -1.23993e-10 A10 = 2.56881e-13 A12 = 1.87005e-16 5. Area

[0322] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -4,26715e-06 A 6 = -7,78873e-09 A 8 = 2,53451e-11 A10 = -3,37826e-13 A12 = 9,95687e-16 6. Fläche

[0323] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -9,31759e-06 A 6 = -5,59292e-08 A 8 = 1,47485e-10 A10 = -4,23025e-13 A12 = -3,93468e-16 7. Fläche

[0324] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -4,47037e-06 A 6 = -6,44026e-08 A 8 = 2,05905e-10 A10 = -6,27518e-13 A12 = 7,31725e-16 8. Fläche

[0325] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -1,37402e-06 A 6 = 6,20006e-09 A 8 = -1,27963e-11 A10 = 6,01445e-14 A12 = -1,20501e-16 9. Fläche

[0326] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -4,47037e-06 A 6 = -6,44026e-08 A 8 = 2,05905e-10 A10 = -6,27518e-13 A12 = 7,31725e-16 10. Fläche

[0327] K = 0,00000e+00 A 4 = -9,31759e-06 A 6 = -5,59292e-08 A 8 = 1,51573e-10 A10 = -4,08206e-13 A12 = -2,41308e-16 11. Fläche

[0328] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.26715e-06 A 6 = -7.78873e-09 A 8 = 2.53451e-11 A10 = -3.37826e-13 A12 = 9.95687e-16 12. Area

[0329] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -9.31759e-06 A 6 = -5.59292e-08 A 8 = 1.47485e-10 A10 = -4.23025e-13 A12 = -3.93468e-16 13. Area

[0330] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -4.47037e-06 A 6 = -6.44026e-08 A 8 = 2.05905e-10 A10 = -6.27518e-13 A12 = 7.31725e-16 14. Area

[0331] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -1.37402e-06 A 6 = 6.20006e-09 A 8 = -1.27963e-11 A10 = 6.01445e-14 A12 = -1.20501e-16 15. Area

[0332] K = 0.00000e+00 A 4 = -3.44872e-06 A 6 = 2.97587e-08 A 8 = -1.68641e-10 A10 = 5.42072e-13 A12 = -7.60286e-16 VARIOUS DATA focal length 50,00 aperture 1,50 half angle 23,40 Image height 21,64 BF 0,10 d17 0,10

[0333] Table 1 summarizes different values ​​in a respective numerical example. Table 1 EX1 EX2 EX3 EX4 EX5 EX6 EX7 EX8 EX9 EX10 EX11 EX12 EX13 Hm2 14,331 23,145 16,252 13,062 14,699 28,562 12,242 16,554 2,594 13,911 9,394 12,886 16,459 dpupil 11,741 7,585 9,884 17,848 11,448 16,012 21,336 8,858 5,995 17,497 7,794 10,820 35,302 Pm1 30,106 45,751 32,528 30,175 30,224 57,434 26,500 33,518 9,862 30,178 28,378 26,960 33,778 Adf 1,327 17,89 11,96 5,939 3,572 3,598 5,698 11,94 0,242 8,518 3,575 3,168 5,854 ϕfr -0,005 -0,008 0,004 0,010 0,003 -0,003 0,001 0,005 -0,055 -0,009 0,001 0,012 0,001 ϕfr / ϕtotal -0,235 -0,269 0,126 0,221 0,095 -0,096 0,013 0,147 -0,425 -0,443 0,042 0,388 0,046 Hm2 / f 0,299 0,723 0,508 0,603 0,459 0,893 0,704 0,517 0,335 0,290 0,209 0,403 0,514 dpupil / f 0,245 0,237 0,309 0,824 0,358 0,500 1,228 0,277 0,775 0,365 0,173 0,338 1,103 Pm1 / Ppupil 0,941 1,072 0,966 1,324 1,842 0,987 1,449 0,995 1,784 0,943 1,261 0,800 1,003 Fno 1,500 0,750 0,950 0,950 1,950 0,550 0,950 0,950 1,400 1,500 2,000 0,950 0,950 ϕb / ϕtotal - 0,164 0,317 0,553 -0,362 - 0,212 - -0,104 0,401 - -0,208 -0,451 Δdf / f / Fno 0,018 0,745 0,394 0,289 0,057 0,204 0,345 0,393 0,022 0,118 0,040 0,104 0,193 abs(θm) 17,193 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 34,972 26,193 0,000 0,000 0,000 β - - - 0,663 - - 0,627 0,615 - - - - - EX14 EX15 EX16 EX17 EX18 EX19 EX20 EX21 EX22 EX23 EX24 EX25 EX26 Hm2 27,927 19,451 21,110 12,438 11,170 14,747 21,786 20,061 15,003 11,542 13,486 20,455 14,145 dpupil 19,121 11,275 32,145 13,179 9,933 15,693 16,334 25,170 11,460 15,096 15,911 27,784 18,579 Pm1 54,914 49,376 43,827 26,535 28,275 29,485 43,025 43,241 35,250 34,000 34,42 41,638 29,621 Δdf 2,252 3,321 4,921 3,864 3,999 2,502 4,590 5,336 3,467 6,260 3,3553 5,243 6,1738 ϕfr -0,001 0,003 0,002 0,010 0,001 -0,007 0,000 0,005 0,006 0,003 0,0113 0,0043 -0,007 ϕfr / ϕtotal -0,018 0,255 0,094 0,316 0,028 -0,329 -0,008 0,266 0,214 0,084 0,4021 0,2166 -0,331 Hm2 / f 0,873 0,195 0,406 0,389 0,516 0,307 0,681 0,401 0,429 0,361 0,3799 0,4091 0,2829 dpupil / f 0,598 0,113 0,618 0,412 0,459 0,327 0,510 0,503 0,327 0,472 0,4482 0,5557 0,3716 Pm1 / Ppupil 0,944 0,988 0,801 0,788 1,176 0,922 0,941 0,830 1,007 1,275 0,9211 0,7911 0,8886 Fno 0,550 2,000 0,950 0,950 0,900 1,500 0,700 0,960 1,000 1,200 0,95 0,95 1,5 ϕb / ϕtotal - - - - 0,237 - - - - 0,307 - - - Δdf / f / Fno 0,128 0,017 0,100 0,127 0,205 0,035 0,205 0,111 0,099 0,163 0,0995 0,1104 0,0823 abs(θm) 0,000 12,378 0,000 0,000 0,000 18,670 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 β - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[0334] With reference to Fig. 55, a digital still camera (image pickup device) using the optical system according to any one of the above examples as an imaging optical system will now be described. Fig. 15 illustrates an image pickup device 6 having the optical system according to one of the above examples. In Fig.In FIG. 15, reference numeral 4 denotes a camera body, and reference numeral 3 denotes an imaging optical system corresponding to one of the optical systems OS1 to OS26 according to a respective example. Reference numeral 5 denotes an image sensor (photoelectric conversion element), such as a CCD sensor or CMOS sensor, which is incorporated in the camera body 4 and configured to receive an optical image formed by the imaging optical system 3 and photoelectrically convert it. The camera body 4 may be a so-called single-lens reflex camera with a swing-back mirror or a so-called mirrorless camera without a swing-back mirror.

[0335] The optical system according to a respective example can be used for imaging cameras of smartphones and distance sensing cameras, interchangeable-lens cameras, fixed-lens cameras, fixed-lens film (disposable cameras), and the like. It can also be used, for example, for optical line detection (line-of-sight detection), biometric recognition, and facial expression recognition in camera viewfinders and XR devices. It can also be used for external recognition applications, such as XR devices and automated robots.

[0336] A respective example may provide an optical system and an image pickup device each having a reduced size and high optical performance over a wide focus range.

[0337] Although the disclosure has described exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is defined by the scope of the claims. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] JP 2005-352273 [0002, 0003]

Claims

[1] Optical system (OS1 to OS26), comprising: a first transmissive reflecting surface (HM1); a second transmissive reflecting surface (HM2) arranged closer to an image than the first transmissive reflecting surface; and a lens (L1 or L2) arranged closer to an object than the first transmissive reflecting surface or arranged closer to the image than the second transmissive reflecting surface, characterized by that the first transmissive reflecting surface is configured to move in a direction of an optical axis during focusing, wherein the lens is separated from a respective one of the first transmissive reflective surface and the second transmissive reflective surface. [2] Optical system according to claim 1, characterized by that the lens is positioned closest to the object. [3] Optical system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: −1.00≤ϕfr / ϕtotal≤0.42 where ϕfr is the refractive power of a portion of the optical system on an object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface and ϕtotal is the refractive power of the optical system. [4] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that in a case where an axial marginal ray is reflected by the second transmissive reflecting surface, the following inequality is satisfied: 0.15≤Hm2 / f≤3.00 where Hm2 is a distance from an optical axis to a reflection point in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and f is a focal length of the optical system. [5] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: 0.0≤dpupil / f≤2.0 where dpupil is a distance from a surface of the optical system closest to an object to an entrance pupil of the optical system and f is a focal length of the optical system. [6] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: 0.6≤Pm1 / Ppupil≤2.0 where Pm1 is an effective diameter of the first transmissive reflecting surface and Ppupil is an entrance pupil diameter of the optical system. [7] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: 0.5≤Fno≤2.5 where Fno is an aperture number of the optical system. [8] An optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a lens disposed on an object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface, separated from the first transmissive reflecting surface, and configured to move integrally with the first transmissive reflecting surface during focusing, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: −1.00≤ϕb / ϕtotal≤0.70 where ϕb is the refractive power of a portion of the optical system on an object side of a lens unit that moves integrally with the first transmissive reflecting surface during focusing, and ϕtotal is the refractive power of the optical system. [9] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: 0.005≤|Δdf| / f / Fno≤1.000 where |Δdf| is a movement amount during focusing from infinity to a distance corresponding to 10 times a focal length of the optical system, f is a focal length of the optical system, and Fno is an F-number of the optical system. [10] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that a distance between the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface changes during focusing. [11] An optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising an aperture stop (SP) configured to move integrally with the first transmissive reflecting surface in the direction of the optical axis during focusing. [12] The optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a lens disposed outside a region between the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface and configured to move in the direction of the optical axis during focusing. [13] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by that during focusing, a respective one of the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface is configured not to rotate by 0.5° or more about an optical axis. [14] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: 0.0≤|θm|≤8.0 where θm (°) is the smaller of an opening angle of the first transmissive reflecting surface and an opening angle of the second transmissive reflecting surface. [15] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by that at least one of the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface is provided on a cemented surface of two light-transmitting elements. [16] Optical system according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by that at least one of the first transmissive reflecting surface and the second transmissive reflecting surface is spherical. [17] An optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising an image stabilizing unit arranged on an object side of the first transmissive reflecting surface. [18] Optical system according to claim 17, characterized by that the following inequality is satisfied: 0.6≤β≤1.5, where β is a lateral magnification of a unit arranged on an image side of the second transmissive reflecting surface. [19] Image recording device (6) comprising: the optical system (3) according to one of claims 1 to 18; and an image sensor (5).

Images