SYSTEM FOR BREATHING GAS SUPPLY DURING VENTILATION WITH A TUBE

Description

[0001] Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. It is often caused by pathogens from the upper respiratory tract that bypass the tube balloon and enter the lungs due to microaspiration. Ventilator-associated pneumonia increases the mortality rate by approximately 10%, prolongs the duration of ventilation, and causes additional costs. US 2003 / 0000526 A1 discloses a method for controlling the respiratory gas flow for ventilation with a ventilation tube and inflatable cuff, wherein the respiratory gas flow is controlled depending on a detected intra-cuff pressure. US 2018 / 0021540 A1 discloses a valve for a cuff of a tracheal tube.

[0002] DE3435900 relates to a device for intermittently inflating a cuff for a patient ventilator.

[0003] Continuous monitoring and control of the blocked balloon of the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula is considered one measure within a package of measures to reduce the risk of VAP. Intermittent balloon control using a manometer is widely used in intensive care units. It is intended to prevent complications associated with excessively low or excessive balloon pressure. Although this method could theoretically reduce complications, it is inadequate for the long-term maintenance and continuous monitoring of adequate tube blockage. The primary function of the tracheal tube balloon is to seal the extraluminal airway against air and fluid leakage, allowing effective positive pressure mechanical ventilation, and to prevent microaspiration of contaminated subglottic secretions.Too little balloon pressure causes microaspiration. Too much pressure causes lesions. Task

[0004] The object of the invention is to provide an improved and safe system for supplying breathing gas with a tracheal tube balloon.

[0005] The object is achieved by a system for respiratory gas supply comprising a ventilator, a respiratory gas source, a control unit, a pressure control module and / or a flow control module and a memory, wherein a pressure sensor device and a flow sensor device and a user interface for specifying parameters of the respiratory gas supply or for exchanging data are also included, wherein the ventilator has at least one hose connection to which the respiratory gas hose can be adapted and a patient interface as an interface to the patient and at least one pressure connection for an additional pressure hose, wherein a tube is used as the patient interface, which has a balloon which can be filled with compressed gas in a defined manner via the pressure connection and the pressure hose adapted thereto. According to the invention, the control unit varies the balloon pressure in accordance with the pressure of inspiration and expiration.The system according to the invention is also characterized in that the patient interface is designed as a tube for the trachea or for the esophagus or as a bladder catheter.

[0006] The system according to the invention is alternatively characterized in that the control unit is set up and designed to control the respiratory gas source, using the pressure control module or the flow control module, to specify a respiratory gas pressure and / or a respiratory gas flow, and the respiratory gas is provided at the hose connection and guided to a patient via the respiratory gas hose.

[0007] The system according to the invention is additionally characterized in that the control unit is arranged and designed to additionally activate, at least temporarily, the humidifier or the nebulizer and the heater for heating and humidifying the respiratory gas or an oxygen source.

[0008] The system according to the invention is also characterized in that a pulse oximeter or a CO measuring device is additionally adapted, which then communicates with the system and / or is supplied with energy by it and wherein the control unit is set up and designed to provide the measured values of these devices or to the user at the interface and / or an automatic algorithm to use the correct flow rate and the measured values of these devices or for the activation or control of the oxygen source and / or in the activation or control of the breathing gas source.

[0009] The system according to the invention is alternatively also characterized in that the patient interface is designed as an endotracheal tube with a tracheal end and with a distal end, with a tube connector for connection to the breathing gas tube and a continuous lumen for the breathing gases, wherein the inflatable balloon is formed close to the tracheal end, wherein the balloon can be filled with compressed gas from the breathing gas source or a compressed gas source via a supply line which is connected via the pressure tube to the pressure connection of the ventilator.

[0010] The system according to the invention is additionally characterized in that the control unit is also set up and designed to control the breathing gas source using the pressure control module in such a way that a compressed gas is guided via a line to the pressure connection of the ventilator, wherein at least one pressure connection is present, and each pressure connection is assigned a pressure sensor which can determine the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection and / or each pressure connection is also assigned a valve which is set up to release or block a compressed gas flow to the pressure connection.

[0011] The system according to the invention is optionally also characterized in that a user can set the balloon pressure via the interface and the control unit sets the desired pressure in the balloon via the pressure sensor and the pressure regulator, automatically adjusts it and makes the balloon pressure (Pbal) available as a signal to the control of the ventilator, wherein the balloon pressure (Pbal) is varied, for example, according to the pressure of inspiration and expiration.

[0012] The system according to the invention is also characterized, for example, in that the pressure connection of the ventilator has a connecting means for detachable connection to the ventilator, and an inner lumen and a pressure gas line in the inner lumen, as well as a male connection a which has at least one conical section which is designed for detachable connection to the female receptacle of the pressure adapter.

[0013] The system according to the invention is additionally characterized in that it comprises a pressure adapter which has a male Luer connection arranged on a short tube section and which has a female receptacle for the male pressure connection of the ventilator, wherein a check valve is arranged in the pressure adapter which is prestressed in a closed position and whose valve body can be moved into an open position by the pressure connection.

[0014] The system according to the invention is alternatively also characterized in that it comprises a pressure hose which has a Luer-Lock connection at one end and at least one pressure adapter at the other end which can be plugged onto the pressure connection of the ventilator, wherein a check valve is arranged in the pressure adapter which is pretensioned in a closed position and whose valve body, when connected to the pressure connection, is moved by the pressure connection into an open position.

[0015] The system according to the invention is also characterized in that the pressure adapter has a male Luer connector arranged on a tube section and adapted for connection to a female Luer connector of a pressure tube, wherein the pressure adapter also has a female receptacle for the male pressure connector of the ventilator.

[0016] The system according to the invention is further characterized in that a check valve is arranged in the region of the female receptacle, which check valve is preloaded in a closed position by a spring, wherein the valve body of the check valve can be moved into an open position through the pressure connection.

[0017] The system according to the invention is also characterized in that the pressure connection has a compressed gas line I which conducts compressed gas and also serves to move the valve body into an open position when the pressure adapter is connected to the pressure connection.

[0018] The system according to the invention is alternatively characterized in that the valve body has a contact surface against which the (tip of the) pressure gas line is urged when the male pressure connection is pushed into the female receptacle.

[0019] The male pressure connection then pushes (via the pressure gas line I) the valve body against the spring force into the open position, which allows gas to flow from the male pressure connection into the pressure adapter (or the pressure hose).

[0020] The system according to the invention is characterized, for example, in that the female receptacle is made of a soft or elastomeric material and has an inner lumen which is adapted to the outer diameter of the male pressure connection of the ventilator in such a way that the male pressure connection can be inserted into the female receptacle and a sealing and clamping connection between the two is ensured.

[0021] The pressure adapter can be placed on the pressure connection and creates a sealed flow connection of compressed gas from the pressure connection into the pressure adapter.

[0022] The system according to the invention is alternatively characterized in that the balloon pressure is dynamically adjusted to the respective pressure situation during inspiration. Especially in patients with high ventilation pressures, this can ensure both adequate blockage in the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula during inspiration and the necessary relief for blood flow to the tracheal mucosa during the expiratory phase. The system according to the invention is also characterized in that the balloon pressure is dynamically adjusted to the respective pressure situation during expiration.

[0023] The system according to the invention is alternatively also characterized in that the control unit is also set up and designed to control the breathing gas source using the pressure control module in such a way that compressed gas is guided via a line to the pressure connection of the ventilator, wherein the pressure connection is assigned a pressure sensor which determines the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection, wherein the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection substantially corresponds to the pressure in the balloon (Pbal) when a compressed gas-conducting connection is established between the balloon and the compressed gas connection.

[0024] The system according to the invention is additionally characterized in that the control unit has a pressure regulator or controls this in order to set the desired pressure in the balloon and makes the balloon pressure (Pbal) available to the control unit as, for example, a digitized signal.

[0025] The system according to the invention is alternatively also characterized in that the control unit varies the balloon pressure (Pbal) according to the pressure of inspiration and expiration.

[0026] The system according to the invention is also characterized in that the measured balloon pressure is displayed as an additional pressure curve on the ventilator.

[0027] The object is also achieved by a ventilator configured and designed for use in a system according to the invention.

[0028] The object is also achieved by a pressure adapter configured and designed for use in a system according to the invention. The pressure adapter has a male Luer connector arranged on a short tube section and a female receptacle for the male pressure connector of the ventilator. A check valve is arranged in the pressure adapter, which is biased in a closed position and whose valve body can be moved into an open position by the pressure connector.

[0029] The object is also achieved by a pressure hose configured and designed for use in a system according to the invention. The pressure hose has a Luer-Lock connector at one end and at least one pressure adapter at the other end that can be placed on the pressure connector. A check valve is arranged in the pressure adapter, which is preloaded in a closed position and whose valve body can be moved into an open position by the pressure connector.

[0030] The object is also achieved by a pressure hose 25 with a pressure adapter 26 arranged and designed for use in a system according to at least one of the preceding claims.

[0031] Balloon pressure should be maintained at approximately 25 cm H2O, as microaspiration occurs at pressures below 20 cm H2O and the risk of ischemic tracheal lesions due to reduced blood flow to the tracheal mucosa is greater at pressures above 30 cm H2O.

[0032] The invention offers the following advantages: Maintenance and monitoring of a balloon pressure specified by the user Two operating modes: Constant control of the balloon (static) or automatic adjustment to the plateau pressure Detection of defective balloon cuffs (alarm) and leaks Algorithm for cough detection (balloon adjustment) Mode for temporary over-blocking of the balloon (e.g. during oral care, subglottic irrigation, prone position, ...) Mode for emptying the balloon (extubation) • Monitoring of pressure values of the balloon (PBalloon), target values = 20-30 cmH2O because too low balloon pressure < 20 cmH2O -> microaspiration because permanently too high balloon pressure > 30 cmH2O -> ischemia of the tracheal mucosa

[0033] The balloon's functionality can be adapted to different needs. Two balloon modes are available for monitoring and optimizing the balloon. The availability of the balloon modes and the control of the automatic balloon mode can be configured at the ventilator's configuration level (according to departmental specifications).

[0034] With the "static" balloon mode, the user specifies a defined balloon pressure (PBalloon constant), which is continuously monitored and optimized.

[0035] The continuously measured balloon pressure is displayed as an additional pressure curve and can be provided with appropriate alarms for leakage, defective tube block cuff and pressure monitoring.

[0036] In "automatic" mode, the balloon's blocking adapts to the current pressure situation during inspiration. Especially in patients with high ventilation pressures, this can ensure adequate blockage in the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula during inspiration, as well as the necessary relief for blood flow to the tracheal mucosa during the expiratory phase.

[0037] The continuously measured balloon pressure is also displayed here as an additional pressure curve and can be provided with appropriate alarms.

[0038] Automatic cough monitoring can detect critical situations that require an adjusted pressure level in the tube. In these situations, an increased pressure level (PBalloon max) is built up in both balloon modes.

[0039] Using a button on the interface, the user can trigger a temporary over-blocking of the balloon (e.g. during oral care, subglottic irrigation, prone positioning, ...) with an adjustable time setting.

[0040] The maneuver and the remaining time are displayed accordingly in the information line of the intensive ventilator.

[0041] At the push of a button, the balloon scout can unblock the balloon, thus facilitating safe extubation.

[0042] Figur 1 schematically shows the system for respiratory gas supply comprising a respiratory gas source 2 (not shown) in a ventilator 1, a control unit 3, a pressure control module 4, a flow control module 6 and a memory 5, also including a pressure sensor device 7 and a flow sensor device 8 and a user interface 9 for specifying parameters 10 of the respiratory gas supply or for exchanging data. The system has a respiratory gas hose 11 (which can include a line for inspiration and a line for expiration) and a patient interface 12. The ventilator 1 has at least one hose connection 10 to which the respiratory gas hose 11 can be adapted. The ventilator also has a display for showing respiratory gas values or respiratory gas curves. The system optionally additionally has a humidifier 13 and / or an oxygen source 14 and / or a nebulizer 15 and / or a heater 16.The patient interface 12 is, for example, a tube for the trachea or for the esophagus or a bladder catheter or.

[0043] The control unit 3 is configured and designed to control the respiratory gas source 2 using the pressure control module 4 or the flow control module 6 to specify a respiratory gas pressure and / or a respiratory gas flow. The respiratory gas is provided at the hose connection 10 and delivered to a patient via the hose 11.

[0044] The control unit 3 is configured and designed to additionally activate, at least temporarily, the humidifier 13 or the nebulizer and the heater 16 for heating and humidifying the respiratory gas.

[0045] The control unit 3 can additionally activate an oxygen source 14 and / or a nebulizer 15 for conditioning the breathing gas.

[0046] The breathing gas hose 11 and / or the humidifier 13 and / or the nebulizer 15 each have a heater 16. Alternatively, at least the breathing gas hose 11 and / or the humidifier 13 and / or the nebulizer 15 have a heater 16.

[0047] The control unit is configured and designed to detect respiratory efforts from the pressure signal and / or from the flow signal of the pressure sensor device and / or the flow sensor device.

[0048] The user interface 9 for specifying parameters for the breathing gas supply or for exchanging data is designed, for example, as a touchscreen. Alternatively or additionally, a display and input keys can also be provided. In addition, the user interface 9 has at least one interface (USB, Bluetooth, WLAN, etc.) for connecting to external devices or a network for data exchange. Specified parameters are stored in memory for retrieval.

[0049] The breathing gas source 2 is designed, for example, as an electric motor with a fan wheel or as a compressed gas source with valves.

[0050] The system is designed and configured, for example, so that the control unit, taking into account the signals from the flow and / or pressure sensor device, activates an oxygen source for oxygen admixture, which is modulated depending on the breathing phase. For example, the oxygen admixture is designed to be controlled so that more oxygen is available to the patient during inspiration phases than during expiration.

[0051] The system is designed and configured, for example, to accommodate a pulse oximeter 17 or a CO2 measuring device 18, which then communicates with the system and / or is powered by it. Using the measured values from these devices, the user—or an automatic algorithm—can set the correct flow rate and the correct oxygen admixture. For example, the control unit considers measured values from the pulse oximeter 17 and / or the CO2 measuring device 18 when activating / controlling the oxygen source and / or when activating / controlling the flow control module 6.

[0052] According to the invention, the user enters a command to the control unit 3 via the user interface to activate the pressure control module or the flow control module 6. The command can also be stored in memory and read by the control unit. According to the invention, the control unit 3 automatically selects module 4 or 6 based on information stored in the memory and controls it by specifying the parameters (pressure values, flow values, etc.).

[0053] Fig. 1 also shows a ventilation tube 12 in the form of an endotracheal tube with a tracheal end 19, a distal end 18 with a tube connector 20 for connection to ventilation tubes 11 for a ventilator 1, and a continuous lumen for the respiratory gases. The inflatable cuff 21—also called a balloon—is formed near the tracheal end 19; the supply line 23 to the balloon is not shown.

[0054] The supply line 23 to the inflatable balloon is routed along the outside or inside of the tube or integrated into the tube wall and is equipped with a connector 22 at the end for connection 24 to the ventilator. A pressure hose 25 establishes the connection between the pressure connection 24 of the ventilator and the connector 22 of the supply line 23.

[0055] The endotracheal tube 12 is shown inserted into the trachea of a patient (ending well before the main bronchi).

[0056] A pressure sensor can be attached to the outside of the tube 12 near the tracheal end 19 or can be inserted and fixed into the tube wall.

[0057] On the outside, near the tracheal end 19 of the tube, the inflatable balloon 21 made of a thin plastic film, for example of a thermoplastic elastomer with a wall thickness of, for example, less than 0.2 mm, is attached to the tracheal tube.

[0058] A supply line 23 for compressed gas leads into the interior of the balloon, with the aid of which the balloon 21 is inflated to a filling pressure. For supplying the compressed gas to the balloon 21, a channel is incorporated, for example, in the wall of the tube, which exits through the opening in the wall of the tube 12 in the area of the balloon 21.

[0059] The control unit 3 is also configured and designed to control the respiratory gas source 2 using the pressure control module 4 such that a compressed gas is supplied via a line to the pressure connection 24 of the ventilator. According to the invention, at least one pressure connection 24 is provided, preferably at least two. Each pressure connection 24 is assigned a pressure sensor that can determine the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection 24. Each pressure connection 24 is also assigned, for example, a valve that is configured to enable or block a compressed gas flow to the pressure connection 24. The valve is preferably controlled or switched via the control unit 3. The compressed gas can be taken from the respiratory gas source 2 or from a separate compressed gas source (hospital line).

[0060] To record the balloon pressure (Pbal), the ventilator can be expanded with a module with a pressure sensor and pressure regulator, for example, integrated into the control unit 3. This module sets the desired pressure in the balloon, automatically adjusts it, and continuously provides the balloon pressure (Pbal) to the ventilator control system, e.g., as a digitized signal. Preferably, the balloon pressure (Pbal) is varied according to the pressure of inspiration and expiration. The pressure sensor can be located adjacent to or in the pressure port 24 of the ventilator. The balloon pressure (Pbal) of the tube is measured by the pressure sensor, and the measured values are transmitted to the control unit 3.According to a further proposal of the invention, to optimize the control of the ventilator, a nasogastric tube equipped with an inflatable balloon capable of filling with a pressure of up to 35 mbar is provided for insertion into the patient's esophagus. The esophageal balloon pressure prevailing in the nasogastric tube balloon is recorded continuously or intermittently. The fluctuations in intrathoracic pressure transmitted to the nasogastric tube balloon are recorded and evaluated and fed to the ventilator to control the respiratory gas flow. The nasogastric tube, which can be inserted into the esophagus, is brought into contact with the esophageal wall by inflating its esophageal balloon. In its middle and (better) lower third, the nasogastric tube transmits the pressure curve within the chest across the esophageal wall (transmurally) to the esophageally placed balloon of the nasogastric tube.The transmurally transmitted pressure is recorded by this balloon and used as a measurement value and control signal.

[0061] The system is characterized in that the control unit 3 is configured and designed to control the respiratory gas source 2, using the pressure control module 4 or the flow control module 6, to specify a respiratory gas pressure and / or a respiratory gas flow, and the respiratory gas is provided at the hose connection 10 and is guided to a patient via the respiratory gas hose 11, wherein the control unit 3 is configured and designed to additionally activate, at least temporarily, the humidifier 13 or the nebulizer and the heater 16 for heating and humidifying the respiratory gas or an oxygen source 14, and wherein a pulse oximeter 17 or a CO2 measuring device 18 is additionally adapted,which then communicates with the system and / or is supplied with energy by it, and wherein the control unit 3 is configured and designed to provide the measured values of these devices 17 or 18 to the user at the interface and / or an automatic algorithm to use the correct flow rate and the measured values of these devices 17 or 18 for the activation or control of the oxygen source 14 and / or for the activation or control of the breathing gas source. Fig. 2 and 4 show:

[0062] The pressure adapter 26 has a male Luer connector 27 which is arranged on a short tube section 25 and which is adapted for connection to a female Luer connector of a pressure tube.

[0063] In addition, the pressure adapter 26 has a female receptacle 28 for the male pressure connection 24 of the ventilator. A check valve 29 is arranged in the area of the female receptacle 28, which is biased into a closed position 34 by a spring 30. The valve body 31 of the check valve 29 can be moved into an open position by the pressure connection 24.

[0064] In the closed position 34 ( Fig. 4a ) the sealing surface 32 of the valve body 31 lies sealingly against the seal 33 of the check valve 29.

[0065] The pressure gas line 24l in the pressure connection 24 also serves to move the valve body 31 into an open position 35 ( Fig. 4b ) to move.

[0066] For this purpose, the valve body has a contact surface 31k against which the (tip of the) pressure gas line 24l is pressed when the male pressure connection 24 is pushed into the female receptacle 28. The male pressure connection 24 then presses (by means of the pressure gas line 24l) the valve body 31 against the spring force into the open position 35, which allows gas to flow from the male pressure connection 24 into the pressure adapter 26 (or the pressure hose 25).

[0067] The female receptacle 28 is preferably made of a soft or elastomeric material and has an inner lumen 28i adapted to the outer diameter 24b, c of the male pressure port 24 of the ventilator such that the male pressure port 24 can be easily inserted into the female receptacle 28, but then, when the male pressure port 24 is further inserted into the female receptacle 28, ensures a tight and clamping connection between the two. The inner lumen 28i is therefore smaller than the maximum outer diameter 24c.

[0068] The pressure adapter 26 can thus be placed on the pressure connection 24 and leads to a sealed flow connection of compressed gas from the pressure connection 24 into the pressure adapter 26.

[0069] The new pressure adapter 26 thus allows (indirectly via connecting hoses): Connecting an esophageal catheter to the ventilator for transpulmonary pressure monitoring and gastric pressure measurement. Connecting a bladder catheter to the ventilator for recording and monitoring intra-abdominal pressure.

[0070] The new pressure adapter 26 also enables a leak test for the ventilator, as the compressed gas flows into the pressure adapter 26, and a pressure measurement is performed. If the pressure drops when the pressure adapter 26 is used alone, without connecting tubes, this may indicate a leak in the ventilator's gas path. The control unit implements appropriate monitoring and alarms. Fig. 3 shows:

[0071] The male pressure connection 24 of the ventilator has a threaded portion 24g with which it is screwed into the ventilator 1, a pressure gas line 24l in the inner lumen of the pressure connection, and a male connection 24a having at least one conical section 24k. The conical section 24k has a small outer diameter 24b at the end 24b facing away from the ventilator. The small outer diameter 24b serves to easily attach the female receptacle 28. Further toward the ventilator, the outer diameter of the conical section 24k increases and reaches a maximum outer diameter 24c. In the area of the maximum outer diameter 24c, the soft or elastic female receptacle 28 is securely fixed. Fig. 5 shows:

[0072] A pressure hose 25 establishes the connection between the pressure connection 24 of the ventilator and the connector plug 22 of the supply line 23.

[0073] For this purpose, the tube has a (male) Luer-Lock connection 35 at one end and at least one pressure adapter 26 at the other end, which is placed on the pressure connection 24 (of the ventilator) and leads to a sealed flow connection of compressed gas from the pressure connection 24 into the tube and further into the balloon.

[0074] The at least one pressure adapter 26 has a female receptacle 28 for the male pressure connection 24 of the ventilator with a check valve 29 which is preloaded in a closed position by a spring 30 and whose valve body 31 can be moved into an open position by the pressure connection 24.

[0075] The pressure hose 25 can have a Y-piece 37 from which two pressure adapters 26 branch off. One of these pressure adapters 26 then has a check valve 29, and the other pressure adapter 26 does not have a check valve.

[0076] The section of the hose 25 with the pressure adapter 26 is connected to a filter 40 via a female Luer-Lock connector 38. The filter 40 has a male lock connector 39. The filter 40 also has a female Luer-Lock connector 41, to which a male Luer-Lock connector 42 of the additional pressure hose 25 can be connected.

[0077] The filter 40 preferably has a non-detachable, for example glued, male Luer-Lock connection 39 and a non-detachable, for example glued, female Luer-Lock connection 41.

[0078] The further section of the pressure hose has a (male) Luer-Lock connection 42 which is connected to the filter and another (male) Luer-Lock connection 43 for connection to the balloon 21. The Luer-Lock connection 43 is permanently connected to the hose 25 via a hose nozzle 44.

[0079] The pressure hose has the following applications: Pressure-tested safety line for connecting the ventilator to the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula for balloon regulation and monitoring. Prevents accidental balloon deflation upon disconnection. Allows leak detection before activation of the balloon function (test adapter).

Claims

1. A breathing gas supply system, comprising a ventilator (1), a breathing gas source (2), a control unit (3), a pressure control module (4), and a storage means (5), wherein a pressure sensor apparatus (7), a flow sensor apparatus (8), and a user interface (9) for specifying parameters of the breathing gas supply or for exchanging data are also comprised, wherein the ventilator (1) has at least one hose connection (10) to which a breathing gas hose (11) can be adapted, a patient interface (12) as the interface to the patient, and at least one pressure connection (24) for an additional pressure hose (25), wherein a tube that has a balloon (21) that can be filled with compressed gas in a defined manner via the pressure connection (24) and the pressure hose (25) adapted thereto is used as the patient interface (12), characterized in that a user can define the balloon pressure via the user interface (9) and the control unit (3) sets the desired pressure in the balloon (21) via a pressure sensor and a pressure regulator and provides the balloon pressure (Pbal) to the control unit (3) as a signal, wherein the control unit (3) varies the balloon pressure (Pbal) depending on the inspiratory and expiratory pressure.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the patient interface (12) is designed as an endotracheal tube having a tracheal end (19), a distal end (18), a tube connector (20) for connection to the breathing gas hose (11), and a continuous lumen for the breathing gases, wherein the inflatable balloon (21) is formed close to the tracheal end (19), wherein the balloon (21) can be filled with compressed gas from the breathing gas source or a compressed gas source via a supply line (23) that is connected to the pressure connection (24) of the ventilator via the pressure hose (25).

3. The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (3) is configured and designed to actuate the breathing gas source (2) using the pressure control module (4) in such a way that compressed gas is guided via a line to the pressure connection (24) of the ventilator, wherein at least one pressure connection (24) is provided and each pressure connection (24) is assigned a pressure sensor that can determine the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection (24), and / or a valve that is configured to release or block a compressed gas flow to the pressure connection (24).

4. The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure connection (24) of the ventilator has a connection means (24g) for releasable connection to the ventilator, an inner lumen, a compressed gas line (241) in the inner lumen, and a male connector (24a), and a pressure adapter (26) is comprised which has a male luer connector (27) arranged on a short hose portion (25) and a female socket (28) for the male pressure connection (24) of the ventilator, wherein the male connector (24a) has at least one conical portion (24k) that is designed for releasable connection to the female socket (28) of the pressure adapter (26).

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that a non-return valve (29) which is preloaded in a closed position (34) and the valve body (31) of which can be moved through the pressure connection (24) into an open position (35) is arranged in the pressure adapter (26).

6. The system according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a pressure hose (25) is comprised which has, at one end, a luer lock connector (43) and, at the other end, at least one pressure adapter (26) that can be fitted on the pressure connection (24) of the ventilator, wherein a non-return valve (29) which is preloaded in a closed position and the valve body (31) of which is moved through the pressure connection (24) into an open position during connection with the pressure connection (24) is arranged in the pressure adapter (26).

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the pressure adapter (26) has a male luer connector (27) that is arranged on a hose portion (25) and that is adapted for connection to a female luer connector of the pressure hose, wherein the pressure adapter (26) additionally has a female socket (28) for the male pressure connection (24) of the ventilator.

8. The system according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that the non-return valve (29), which is preloaded in the closed position (34) by means of a spring, is arranged in the region of the female socket (28), wherein the valve body (31) of the non-return valve (29) can be moved through the pressure connection (24) into the open position.

9. The system according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the pressure connection (24) has a compressed gas line (241) that conducts compressed gas and also serves to move the valve body (31) into the open position (35) when the pressure adapter (26) is being connected to the pressure connection (24).

10. The system according to claim 9, referring back to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that the valve body (31) has a contact surface (31k) against which the compressed gas line (241) is pressed when the male pressure connection (24) is being pushed into the female socket (28).

11. The system according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that the female socket (28) is manufactured from a soft or elastomer material and has an inner lumen (28i) that is adapted to the outer diameter (24b, 24c) of the male pressure connection (24) of the ventilator in such a way that the male pressure connection (24) can be introduced into the female socket (28) and a sealing and clamping connection between the two is ensured.

12. The system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (3) is also configured and designed to actuate the breathing gas source (2) using the pressure control module (4) in such a way that compressed gas is guided via a line to the pressure connection (24) of the ventilator, wherein the pressure connection (24) is assigned the pressure sensor, which determines the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection (24), wherein the pressure of the gas in the pressure connection (24) substantially corresponds to the pressure in the balloon (21) (Pbal) when a compressed gas-conducting connection has been established between the balloon (21) and the compressed gas connection (24).