Method for operating a grate and grate

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a shear grate (100) with several grate bar rows (2), each having a grate bar support (5) on which several grate bars (3) are mounted, wherein the grate bars (3) of adjacent grate bar rows (2) overlap like roof tiles and surfaces (7) of the grate bars (3) have a non-planar surface contour (13), wherein a first drive movement (A1) is or can be introduced into driveable grate bar supports (5a) such that alternating different drive positions (S) result, in which the grate bars (3) are adjusted differently on the respective driveable grate bar supports (5a) and also on non-driven grate bar supports (5b), for transporting and / or stoking fuel (B) located on the shear grate surface (O).According to the invention, at least some of the driveable grate bar supports (5a) are distributed across at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) in such a way that the first drive movement (A1) can be initiated independently of one another into the driveable grate bar supports (5a) of different grate bar row units (E; E1, E2), wherein the driveable grate bar supports (5a) that are assigned to the same grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2) are always driven synchronously, wherein different drive positions (S) are set alternately depending on a set movement mode (M) by initiating the first drive movement (A1) into the driveable grate bar supports (5a) of at least one of the at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating a sliding grate for an incineration furnace, in particular a waste incineration plant, and to a sliding grate for carrying out the method.

[0002] Shear grates are typically used in waste incineration plants where waste is burned as fuel. Shear grates usually consist of individual rows of grate bars arranged one behind the other in the direction of fuel flow, overlapping like roof tiles. The grate bars in each row are mounted on a grate bar support. Drives are attached to every other grate bar support, initiating a movement in the respective driven or driveable grate bar rows. This sets the driven grate bar rows in motion relative to the non-driven, stationary grate bar rows. The drives of all driven grate bar rows are controlled synchronously (i.e., simultaneously) by a control unit, ensuring that each driven grate bar row moves back and forth in the same manner, resulting in a uniform movement across the entire shear grate.

[0003] The described movement of the driven grate bar rows in the same stroke causes, on the one hand, the transport of the fuel applied to a sliding grate surface through the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, the augmentation of the fuel layer. The sliding grate surface is formed by the surfaces of the individual grate bars, whose position therefore also influences the transport and augmentation of the fuel layer. In known sliding grates, a circular segment-shaped initial drive movement is introduced into the grate bar supports by the drive via torsion shafts and torsion levers, resulting in a corresponding grate bar movement of the grate bars mounted on the driven grate bar supports, as described, for example, in US 6,332,410 B1 or DE 30 07 678 A1.Alternatively, a linear first drive movement via linkage is also possible, resulting in a linear grate bar movement of the grate bars mounted on the driveable grate bar supports.

[0004] DE 30 07 678 C2 also describes a sliding grate with a torsion shaft, the shaft bearings of which are height-adjustable so that the drive of the grate bar rows can again be carried out in a straight-line direction. Sliding grates or sliding grates with other drive types are described by way of example in US 4179183 A, EP 3 845 806 A1, CN 107062233 A, SE 1951417 A1.

[0005] In DE 10 2019 128 536 A1, it is further described that the surfaces of the grate bars of at least some of the grate bar rows have a non-planar surface contour, so that, in addition to the first drive movement, a second drive movement can be initiated by the relative movement between the grate bars of driven and non-driven grate bar rows. This allows for complex motion sequences that further optimize the transport or feeding and the stoking of the material being fired.

[0006] A disadvantage of such sliding grates is that, in operation, the transport or feed and the stoking of the fuel or fuel layer are inextricably linked. There is therefore only one mode of movement in which the fuel is always transported and stoked in the same way by the simultaneous and coupled movement of the driven grate bar rows. In this mode, the effect on the fuel can only be adjusted by changing the speed of movement of the driven grate bar rows, which, however, does not affect the combination of transport and stoking.

[0007] US 3863578 A and DE 23 59 635 A1 each describe a feed grate with two grate bar row units, each comprising several interconnected grate sections. The grate sections of each grate bar row unit can be driven jointly or synchronously via a drive assigned to that unit. The drives assigned to each grate bar row unit can be controlled independently, allowing the grate sections of different grate bar row units to move independently. The driven grate sections slide back and forth on fixed grate sections, with both the driven and the non-driven, fixed grate sections having a planar surface contour.

[0008] In JP H04 320713 A a sliding grate of a waste incineration plant is described, wherein roof tile-like grate bar rows with grate bars are rotatably mounted via a grate bar support.

[0009] The object of the invention is to provide a method and a shear grate with which flexible operation of the shear grate can be enabled with minimal effort.

[0010] This problem is solved by a method and a shear grate according to the independent claims. The dependent claims specify preferred embodiments.

[0011] Accordingly, a method for operating a shear grate is provided, wherein the shear grate has several (driven and non-driven) grate bar rows, each grate bar row having a grate bar support on which several grate bars are rotatably mounted via their first ends, wherein the grate bars of adjacent grate bar rows overlap in an overlapping, tile-like manner such that a second end of the respective grate bar is supported on a surface of a grate bar adjacent in the flow direction. The surfaces of the grate bars of the individual grate bar rows together form a shear grate surface, and the surfaces of at least some, preferably all, grate bars furthermore have a non-planar surface contour.

[0012] In each of the driven grate bar carriers of the driven grate bar rows, a first drive movement, which for example runs in a circular segment or in a straight line, can be initiated via a drive and a drive mechanism in such a way that alternating different drive positions result, in which the grate bars on the respective driven grate bar carriers and, due to the non-planar surface contour, also the grate bars on the non-driven grate bar carriers of the non-driven grate bar rows are adjusted or moved differently, for transporting and / or stoking fuel located on the push grate surface.

[0013] According to the invention, it is provided that at least some, preferably all, of the driveable grate bar supports of the driveable grate bar rows of the sliding grate are distributed across at least two grate bar row units, preferably evenly, such that the first drive movement can be initiated independently or decoupled into the driveable grate bar supports of different grate bar row units, wherein the driveable grate bar supports assigned to the same grate bar row unit are always driven synchronously and / or coupled to each other. Thus, each driveable grate bar support is assigned to only one grate bar row unit during operation of the sliding grate, and while the grate bar movement within a grate bar row unit is synchronous or joint, the grate bar movement between grate bar row units can be situation-dependent, i.e.,Depending on the selected movement mode, the movements can occur independently of each other, which already allows for more flexible operation of the sliding grate or individual sliding grate modules, since not all driven grate bar rows always need to be driven synchronously or identically, or even at all.

[0014] Furthermore, according to the invention, it is provided that different drive positions are alternately set depending on a set or predetermined movement mode, for example, controlled by a control unit, by initiating the first drive movement into the driveable grate bar supports of at least one of the at least two grate bar row units. Accordingly, with the help of a correspondingly parameterized control unit, different grate bar movements can be represented situationally depending on the movement mode, purely on the control side and without additional expensive and failure-prone drive mechanisms.

[0015] Due to the non-planar surfaces of the grate bars, this grate bar movement is very complex. This is because not only does the first drive movement contribute to the grate bar movement, but a second drive movement is also introduced into the grate bars, which are supported at their rear ends on the non-planar surface contour of the adjacent grate bar in the flow direction. This second drive movement is initiated by the relative movement between the grate bars of driven and non-driven grate bar rows. The non-planar surface contour of the grate bars can, for example, have a curved profile extending in the flow direction, preferably concave or convex, and / or adjacent curved sections of a curved profile can have different curvatures. Complex motion sequences can be achieved from these two drive movements, which, in conjunction with the respective selected motion mode, enable flexible operation of the shear grate in a simple manner.

[0016] This allows, for example, the setting of a movement mode during the combustion process, in which suitable drive positions are alternately set by selectively initiating the first drive movement into the respective driven grate bar supports and the subsequent second drive movement. These positions ensure particularly good fuel feeding of the material being combusted. Subsequently, after changing the movement mode, other drive positions can be alternately set to achieve particularly good transport efficiency, for example, to remove the material from the moving grate. The fuel feeding and the transport of the material can also be decoupled, at least temporarily, by selectively setting the respective movement mode.

[0017] Since the different grate bar row units can still be operated synchronously through appropriate control, a movement mode can be set, at least temporarily, as in the prior art, in which all driveable grate bar supports move synchronously. However, this is only one possible movement mode in which the sliding grate can be operated temporarily.

[0018] According to the invention, a sliding grate with a control device for carrying out the method is further provided, in particular comprising several sliding grate modules arranged one behind the other and / or next to each other, each of which has at least two grate bar row units, each consisting of at least two synchronously driveable grate bar supports and grate bars rotatably mounted thereon. Accordingly, the sliding grate can also be operated differently in different zones or areas. Thus, the driveable grate bar supports of different sliding grate modules can also be assigned to different grate bar row units, which are then driven either identically or differently across modules, depending on which movement mode has been selected.If all shear grate modules are controlled in the same way, the respective movement mode can be implemented across the entire shear grate or only in certain sections for individual shear grate modules whose driveable grate bar carriers are divided into at least two grate bar row units. This enables particularly flexible operation.

[0019] Preferably, it is further provided that the first drive movement depends on the set movement mode. at least temporarily with a time delay and / or asynchronously into the driveable grate bar carriers of different grate bar row units, or at least temporarily into only one of the at least two grate bar row units or not into all grate bar row units. This initiates the process. This allows for the simple generation of grate bar movements by moving the driveable grate bar supports of different grate bar units relative to each other. From this relative movement, further possible drive positions result, with which the stoking and transport of the fuel can be precisely adjusted.

[0020] Preferably, it is further provided that at least two driveable grate bar supports of the same grate bar row unit are assigned a common drive in order to initiate the first drive movement synchronously or in conjunction with each other via a common drive and, for example, via a suitably designed transmission linkage, in at least two of the driveable grate bar supports assigned to the same grate bar row unit. In this way, the first drive movement can be initiated with fewer drives, and the synchronous movement within a grate bar row unit can be implemented more easily.

[0021] In addition, it can be provided that the initial drive movement via the common drive is initiated solely or exclusively into the at least two driveable grate bar supports of a single, i.e., the respective assigned, grate bar row unit, and not into any further grate bar row unit. This ensures that the movement of the grate bar supports of different grate bar row units can also occur independently of each other, depending on the situation.

[0022] According to the invention, it is further provided that within a shear grate module of the shear grate (exactly) two grate bar row units are provided, wherein a first drive position is or can be set by retracting at least one first drive that drives the driveable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and at least one second drive that drives the driveable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, and / or a second drive position is or can be set by extending the at least one first drive that drives the driveable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and retracting the at least one second drive that drives the driveable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, and / or a third drive position is or can be set by retracting the at least one first drive that drives the driveable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and retracting the at least one second drive,which drives the actuated grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, is extended, and / or a fourth drive position is set or can be set by extending at least one first drive, which drives the actuated grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and at least one second drive, which drives the actuated grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit. Thus, in the simplest case, four different drive positions can be set, either for each sliding grate module of the sliding grate or only for individual sliding grate modules within the sliding grate. These positions can then be alternately changed depending on the set movement mode.

[0023] According to a first alternative of the invention, in a first movement mode, the first drive position, the second drive position, the first drive position, and the third drive position (in that order) are set successively and repeatedly. This allows pronounced grate steps and stoking pockets to be created within a sliding grate module or even across the entire sliding grate. These steps and stoking pockets move dynamically in the direction of flow due to the alternating drive positions, thereby continuously loosening and efficiently transporting the material being burned. Therefore, good transport efficiency and effective stoking are achieved when this first movement mode is continuously set.

[0024] In addition to the first alternative, the invention provides that the at least one first drive only drives the driveable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit in the first movement mode if the at least one second drive does not drive the driveable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit or is stationary. This results in very pronounced dynamically moving grate steps and scraper pockets due to the alternating counter-stroke movement.

[0025] Preferably, it is further provided that in a second movement mode, the first drive position and the fourth drive position (in that order) are set successively and repeatedly, wherein the at least one first drive drives the driveable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, while the at least one second drive also drives or moves the driveable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit. This allows the sliding grate or an individual sliding grate module to be operated at least temporarily in the same stroke, resulting in a high transport efficiency with low scraping action, which is advantageous, for example, for clearing the sliding grate. Thus, the possibility of setting different movement modes enables flexible operation.

[0026] According to a second alternative of the invention, a third movement mode provides that the second drive position and the fourth drive position are successively and repeatedly set (in that order), so that at least one of the drives, in particular the at least one first drive, remains stationary in the third movement mode, especially in the extended position. Accordingly, only one grate bar row unit is driven, resulting in quasi-stationary feeding, i.e., a very low transport efficiency and, due to the raising of the sliding grate surface, very good loosening or feeding of the material being combusted. Feeding and transport can therefore be largely decoupled when this third movement mode is set for the sliding grate or for individual sliding grate modules.

[0027] Preferably, it is further provided that in a fourth movement mode, the second drive position and the third drive position (in that order) are set successively and repeatedly, wherein the at least one first drive simultaneously drives the driveable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, while the at least one second drive also drives the driveable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, resulting in a counter-rotating movement of the driven grate bar supports or grate bar rows. This allows for appropriately coordinated transport and stoking of the fuel for the respective situation.

[0028] Preferably, every second row of bars in the sliding grate is a driven row, with the non-driven rows arranged between them. Each driven row of bars in the sliding grate, or in a sliding grate module, belongs to the same unit. This allows for evenly distributed bars, ensuring uniform movement of the sliding grate surface across the entire grate, depending on the selected motion mode.

[0029] Preferably, the respective drive initiates the first drive movement into the respective driveable grate bar support via a drive mechanism, wherein the respective drive mechanism has torsion levers attached to a torsion shaft, which connect the drive, for example a hydraulic cylinder, to the driveable grate bar supports to effect a circular segment-shaped first drive movement about a second axis of rotation defined by the torsion shaft when the respective drive is actuated. In this way, the first drive movement can be easily initiated into the respective grate bar supports via the respective drive, and synchronization of the first drive movement can then be easily achieved within the respective grate bar row unit via a transmission linkage between the individual torsion levers.

[0030] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1a, 1leg sliding grate module with two separate drives in a first drive position; Fig. 2a, 2b the sliding grate module according to Fig. 1a, 1b in a second drive position; Fig. 3a, 3b the sliding grate module according to Fig. 1a, 1b in a third drive position; and Fig. 4a, 4b the sliding grate module according to Fig. 1a, 1b in a fourth drive position.

[0031] The figures show a sliding grate module 1, which is part of a sliding grate 100 for an incinerator (not shown), in particular a waste incineration plant (not shown), and serves to transport the fuel B, for example, incinerated waste, along a flow direction F during the combustion process. The figures differ only in a set drive position S, in which grate bars 3 and grate bar supports 5 of a grate bar row 2 of the sliding grate module 1 are located, as explained in more detail below.

[0032] A shear grate 100 typically consists of several such shear grate modules 1, which are arranged in one to three areas that lie next to each other perpendicular to the flow direction F, and within these areas in several zones arranged one behind the other in the flow direction F. All shear grate modules 1 then together form a continuous shear grate surface O across all zones and across all areas, on which the fuel B rests during the combustion process.

[0033] Each shear grate module 1 has several rows of grate bars 2 arranged along the flow direction F, each row being formed from grate bars 3 lying side by side in the transverse direction Q (perpendicular to the flow direction F). The grate bars 3 of a grate bar row 2 are supported at a first end 4 on a grate bar support 5, so that each grate bar 3 can rotate about a first axis of rotation D1 defined by the respective grate bar support 5. The grate bars 3 of the individual grate bar rows 2 are further overlapped like roof tiles, with a second end 6 of the respective grate bar 3 being supported by gravity on a surface 7 of the adjacent grate bar 3 in the flow direction F. The surfaces 7 of the individual grate bars 3 can thus form the continuous shear grate surface O on which the fuel B is transported, stoked, and burned.

[0034] As shown in the figures, every second grate bar row 2 is a driven or driveable grate bar row 2a, and every second grate bar support 5 is a driven or driveable grate bar support 5a, which interacts with a drive mechanism 9, the drive mechanism 9 being arranged in a subwind area 200 of the sliding grate module 1 or the sliding grate 100. The intermediate grate bar rows 2 or grate bar supports 5 are non-driven or non-driveable grate bar rows 2b or non-driven or non-driveable grate bar supports 5b. A first drive movement A1 (see figure) can be initiated via the drive mechanism 9. Fig. 1b ) into the driveable grate bar rows 2a or into the driveable grate bar supports 5a and thus also into the first end 4 of the grate bar 3 supported thereon.

[0035] The first drive movement A1 is preferably circular segment-shaped (dotted in Fig. 1b) wherein the drive mechanism 9 comprises at least two torsion levers 11a, 11b attached to a torsion shaft 10, which connect a drive 12, in particular a linear actuator, for example a hydraulic cylinder, to the actuated grate bar supports 5a. Thus, by actuating the drive 12, a circular segment-shaped first drive movement A1 about a second axis of rotation D2 defined by the torsion shaft 10 can be effected, resulting in a circular segment-shaped movement of the actuated grate bar supports 5a and of the first end 4 of the grate bars 3 mounted thereon about the second axis of rotation D2.

[0036] However, drive mechanisms 9 are also possible in principle, which provide a linear first drive movement A1 (dashed line in Fig. 1b) and thus also cause a linear movement of the driven grate bar supports 5a and the first end 4 of the grate bars 3 mounted on them. The circular segment-shaped or linear first drive movement A1 results in a first grate bar movement Ba of the grate bars 3 mounted on the driven grate bar supports 5a, which has a directional component both in the flow direction F and vertically upwards (perpendicular to the flow direction F and to the transverse direction Q), whereby the fuel B can be transported along the flow direction F and simultaneously stoked.

[0037] To optimize this, the surfaces 7 of the individual grate bars 3 are designed in such a way that a second drive movement A2 can be additionally introduced into the respective grate bar 3 via the second end 6 of the respective grate bar 3 (see Fig. 1b). According to the illustrated embodiment, this second drive movement A2 can be introduced both into the grate bars 3, which are mounted on the driveable grate bar supports 5a, and into the grate bars 3, which are mounted on the non-driveable grate bar supports 5b.

[0038] The surfaces 7 of the respective grate bars 3 have, in cross-section, a non-straight surface contour 13 in the form of a curved profile K, which is convex and / or concave and can also be wavy. This causes the second ends 6 of the respective grate bar 3 adjacent to the flow direction F, which rest on this contour, to move upwards or downwards depending on their position on the curved profile K, resulting in the second drive movement A2. The second drive movement A2 introduced into the second end 6 of the respective grate bar 3 is therefore primarily dependent on the position of the second end 6 on the curved profile K of the grate bar 3 adjacent to the flow direction F.

[0039] Therefore, for the grate bars 3 mounted on a driven grate bar support 5a, a first grate bar movement Ba results, which depends in particular on the first drive movement A1 and the second drive movement A2. For the grate bars 3 mounted on a non-driven grate bar support 5b, a second grate bar movement Bb results accordingly, which is primarily a result of the second drive movement A2. The second drive movement A2 is determined in each case by the curve profile K, whereby this curve profile K itself is not fixed, since the surfaces 7 of the grate bars 3 also move due to the respective grate bar movements Ba, Bb. Thus, the first and / or the second drive movement A1, A2 causes a complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb of the respective grate bars 3.

[0040] The transport and stirring process can be optimized by such a sliding grate 100 with the possibility of complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb, without having to change the drive mechanism 9 or the drives 12 or position further extensive drive mechanisms 9 in the downwind area 200, so that the susceptibility to malfunctions is not increased by this solution and the reliability is maintained.

[0041] Furthermore, according to the invention, the driveable grate bar supports 5a or the driveable grate bar rows 2a of such a sliding grate module 1 can be moved in different movement modes M in a special manner via a control device 50 in order to operate such sliding grate modules 1 within a sliding grate 100 even more efficiently and flexibly. For this purpose, individual driveable grate bar rows 2a with driveable grate bar supports 5a are first specifically assigned to a grate bar row unit E. This can be done, for example, in pairs, as shown in the figures. In principle, however, other divisions are also possible.

[0042] Accordingly, a first pair P1 of driveable grate bar rows 2a of a shear grate module 1 is assigned to a first grate bar row unit E1, and a second pair P2 of driveable grate bar rows 2a is assigned to a second grate bar row unit E2, wherein each driveable grate bar row 2a or each driveable grate bar support 5a is assigned to only one grate bar row unit E. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and fifth grate bar rows 2 (including the non-driven grate bar row 2b) or the first and third driveable grate bar rows 2a are assigned to the first grate bar row unit E1, wherein this first grate bar row unit E1 is driven via a common first drive 12a.

[0043] The first drive 12a acts simultaneously on the drive mechanisms 9 of the two driveable grate bar supports 5a of the first grate bar row unit E1 via a transmission linkage 14, so that only one common first drive 12a is required for these. However, a split "first" drive 12a can also be provided in such a way that the two driveable grate bar rows 2a or the two driveable grate bar supports 5a, which are assigned to the first grate bar row unit E1, are driven by separate first drives 12a (not shown). In this case, both separately implemented first drives 12a are then controlled synchronously by the control unit 50 in such a way that the same synchronous first drive movement A1 results for both driveable grate bar supports 5a of the first grate bar row unit E1 as in the version with only one common first drive 12a.

[0044] Similar to the first grate bar unit E1, the second grate bar unit E2 is also assigned a second drive 12b (or two synchronously controlled, divided "second" drives 12b) in order to synchronously initiate a first drive movement A1 in the drive mechanisms 9 of the two driveable grate bar supports 5a of the second grate bar unit E2. It is therefore provided that both grate bar units E1, E2 can be operated or moved independently of each other via their drives 12a, 12b, whereby the driveable grate bar rows 2a and the driveable grate bar supports 5a within a grate bar unit E1, E2 are always driven together or synchronously.

[0045] This allows for two different drive positions S for the grate bars 3 and grate bar supports 5 of a grate bar row, which are shown in the respective figures. If these drive positions S are set by the control unit 50 in a specific sequence, different movement modes M can be implemented during the operation of the sliding grate 100, depending on the situation. These drive positions S and movement modes M are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Figures 2a, 2b , 3a, 3b , 4a, 4b For the sake of clarity, only the reference symbols relevant to the respective drive positions S are shown.

[0046] In the Figures 1a and 1bThe figure shows from different perspectives that both the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 are retracted, resulting in a first drive position S1.

[0047] In the Figures 2a and 2b The diagram shows from different perspectives that the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 is extended and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 is retracted, resulting in a second drive position S2.

[0048] In the Figures 3a and 3b The diagram shows from different perspectives that the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 is retracted and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 is extended, resulting in a third drive position S3.

[0049] In the Figures 4a and 4bThe figure shows from different perspectives that both the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 are extended, resulting in a fourth drive position S4.

[0050] In a first movement mode M1 (alternating counter-stroke), the control unit 50 can sequentially set the first drive position S1, the second drive position S2, the first drive position S1, and finally the third drive position S3. These positions S1, S2, S1, S3 repeat in this sequence as long as the first movement mode M1 is activated. In this first movement mode M1, the alternating movements of the two drives 12; 12a, 12b do not occur simultaneously; that is, while one drive 12a, 12b is extending and retracting (S1-S2, S2-S1), the other drive 12b, 12a is continuously retracting and reversing (S1-S3, S3-S1).

[0051] In the second drive position S2 and the third drive position S3, pronounced grate steps 17 are formed from several superimposed grate bars 3, and corresponding stoking pockets 18 are located in front of them in the flow direction F. Due to the intermediate setting of the first drive position S1, these do not move statically in the flow direction F, but rather dynamically. This is facilitated by the complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb resulting from the non-linear surface contour 13 of the grate bars 3, so that the fuel B can be efficiently carried along and simultaneously stoked via the dynamically moving grate steps 17 and stoking pockets 18. Overall, this results in good transport efficiency combined with good stoking effect.

[0052] In a second movement mode M2 ​​(constant stroke feed), the control unit 50 can sequentially set the first drive position S1 and the fourth drive position S4. These two positions S1 and S4 alternate in this sequence as long as the second movement mode M2 ​​is activated. In this second movement mode M2, the alternating movements of the two drives 12, 12a, and 12b occur simultaneously; that is, both drives 12a and 12b extend and retract at the same time, so that every second row of grate bars 2, or every driveable row of grate bars 2a, also moves forward and backward simultaneously, forming migrating grate pockets 17. However, unlike in the second and third drive positions S2 and S3, these pockets are shallower and move less dynamically in the flow direction F.This results in a very good transport efficiency, as the material being combusted (B) is transported simultaneously in the flow direction (F) via the grate bars 3 of all driven grate bar rows 2a. At the same time, however, this also results in a minimal possible agitation effect (for the shear grate module 1), since the non-linear surface contour 13 of the grate bars 3 can only provide a reduced loosening effect.

[0053] In a third movement mode M3 (quasi-stationary operation), the control unit 50 can sequentially set the second drive position S2 and the fourth drive position S4. These two positions S2 and S4 alternate in this sequence as long as the third movement mode M3 is activated. In this third movement mode M3, the alternating movements of the two drives 12; 12a, 12b occur such that one of the drives 12; 12a, 12b, in this case the first drive 12a, always remains extended, and the other drive 12; 12b, 12a, in this case the second drive 12b, alternately extends and retracts.

[0054] Accordingly, the driven grate bar rows 2a (here) of the first grate bar row unit E1 do not contribute to the transport of the material being processed B. Therefore, the material being processed B is only conveyed through every fifth grate bar row 2 or through every second driven grate bar row 2a. At the same time, the material being processed B receives a small push component due to the complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb resulting from the non-linear surface contour 13 of the grate bars 3 as well as the first drive movement A1, so that overall, if any transport occurs at all, only minimal (quasi-stationary) transport in the flow direction F takes place.

[0055] Simultaneously, the grate surface O is raised over a large area when the fourth drive position S4 is set, or when the second drives 12b of the second grate bar unit E2 are extended. This loosens and de-ashes the fuel B. Overall, this third movement mode M3 achieves a very good stirring effect with a transport efficiency of virtually zero; that is, stirring and transport are essentially decoupled in this third movement mode M3. This third movement mode M3 can contribute to optimizing the combustion process if it is temporarily integrated into the combustion process.

[0056] In a fourth movement mode M4 (simultaneous counter-stroke), the control unit 50 can sequentially set the second drive position S2 and the third drive position S3. These two positions S2 and S3 alternate in this sequence as long as the fourth movement mode M4 is activated. In this fourth movement mode M4, the alternating movements of the two drives 12; 12a, 12b occur simultaneously but in opposite directions; that is, one of the drives 12a, 12b retracts while the other drive 12b, 12a extends at the same time and then reverses direction. As a result, the driveable grate bar rows 2a of different grate bar row units E always move in opposite directions to each other, which can be used in the combustion process depending on the situation.

[0057] Therefore, by dividing the driveable grate bar rows 2a into different grate bar row units E, E1, E2, and by separately or independently controlling the respective assigned drives 12, 12a, 12b, different movement sequences can be achieved, which can be used selectively in different situations during the combustion process. For this purpose, only the respective movement mode M needs to be set in the control unit 50, whereupon the control unit 50 controls the respective drives 12, 12a, 12b at the corresponding time.

[0058] The control can be carried out in the same manner or simultaneously for each sliding grate module 1 of a sliding grate 100, i.e., the sliding grate modules 1 of all rows and zones of the sliding grate 100 are controlled identically, so that a uniformly distributed grate bar movement is achieved across the entire sliding grate surface O. The first and second drives 12a, 12b of all sliding grate modules 1 are then controlled identically, resulting in grate bar row units E; E1, E2 extending across the entire sliding grate 100, within which a synchronized drive of the respective driven grate bar carriers 5a takes place.

[0059] Depending on the application, it may also be possible to set different movement modes M for sections or for different shear grate modules 1 in order to achieve a different transport and / or scraping effect in certain zones or rows of the shear grate 100 via the respective shear grate module 1. The first and second drives 12a, 12b of different shear grate modules 1 can then also be driven differently, whereby the grate bar row units E; E1, E2 are not extended across modules, but only have driveable grate bar carriers 5a from one shear grate module 1.

[0060] In addition to the four described movement modes M, further movement modes M are also possible in principle from a combination of the depicted drive positions S or from further drive positions S, provided that these can be efficiently integrated into the combustion process. For example, if more than two grate bar row units E are formed on a sliding grate module 1 or across several sliding grate modules 1, whose driveable grate bar rows 2a can be synchronously controlled via corresponding drives 12 on the respective sliding grate module 1 or across several sliding grate modules 1, further movement modes M are also feasible.

[0061] The control unit 50 can therefore easily and flexibly move the driveable grate bar rows 2a of a sliding grate module 1 or several sliding grate modules 1 of the sliding grate 100 via the respective drives 12, adapting them to the specific application. No additional mechanical components are required for this; only a correspondingly parameterized or parameterizable control unit 50 is needed, which is capable of controlling the individual drives 12, 12a, and 12b in a coordinated manner. Reference symbol list

[0062] 1. Sliding grate module 2. Grate bar row 2a. Driven grate bar row 2b. Non-driven grate bar row 3. Grate bars 4. First end of a grate bar 3 5. Grate bar support 5a. Driven grate bar support 5b. Non-driven grate bar support 6. Second end of a grate bar 3 7. Surface of a grate bar 3 9. Drive mechanism 10. Torsion shaft 11a,11b Torsion lever 12 Drive 12a First drive 12b Second drive 13 Surface contour 14 Transmission linkage 17 Grate stage 18 Stowage pocket 100 Push grate 200 Underwind area B Fuel Baerste Grate bar movement Bb Second grate bar movement D1 First axis of rotation D2 Second axis of rotation E Grate bar row unit E1 First grate bar row unit E2 Second grate bar row unit F Flow direction K Curve profile M Movement modes M1 First movement mode M2 ​​Second movement mode M3 Third movement mode M4 Fourth movement mode O Push grate surface P1 First pair of driven grate bar rows 2a P2 Second pair of driven grate bar rows 2a Q Cross direction S Drive position S1 First drive position S2 Second drive position S3 Third drive position S4 Fourth drive position

Claims

1. Method for operating a push grate (100), said push grate (100) including multiple grate rod lines (2), said grate rod lines (2) each including a grate bar support (5) on which multiple grate rods (3) are rotatably supported via their first ends (4), where the grate rods (3) of adjacent grate rod lines (2) lie on top of each other like roof tiles such that a second end (6) of the respective grate rod (3) is supported on a surface (7) of a grate rod (3) adjacent in the direction of flow (F), where the surfaces (7) of the grate rods (3) of the individual grate rod lines (2) form a push grate surface (O), and the surfaces (7) of the grate rods (3) have a non-planar surface contour (13), where a first driving motion (A1) is or can be introduced into automated grate bar supports (5a) of automated grate rod lines (2a) each via a drive (12) such that different drive positions (S) are created alternatingly in which the grate rods (3) are differently adjusted on the respective automated grate rod supports (5a) and also on non-automated grate rod supports (5b) of non-automated grate rod lines (2b), so as a transport and / or poke fuel (B) present on the push grate surface (O), where at least some of the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the automated grate rod lines (2a) are divided between at least two grate rod line units (E; E1, E2) in such a way that the first driving motion (A1) can be introduced into the automated grate bar supports (5a) of different grate rod line units (E; E1, E2) independent of each other, where those automated grate bar supports (5a) that are associated with the same grate rod line unit (E; E1, E2) are always driven in a synchronous manner, where, alternatingly, different drive positions (S) are adjusted depending on a set motion mode (M) in that the first driving motion (A1) is introduced into the automated grate bar support (5a) of at least one of the at least two grate rod line units (E; E1, E2), where two grate rod line units (E; E1, E2) are provided within the push grate (100) or within a push grate module (1) of the push grate (100), where - a first drive position (S1) is or can be set in that at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) and at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) are each retracted, and / or - a second drive position (S2) is or can be set in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) is extended, and said at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) is retracted, and / or - a third drive position (S3) is or can be set in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) is retracted, and said at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) is extended, and / or - a fourth drive position (S4) is or can be set in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) and said at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) are each extended, where in a first motion mode (M1), sequentially and repeatedly, the first drive position (S1), the second drive position (S2), the first drive position (S1) and the third drive position (S3) are set, and said at least one first drive (12a) drives the automated grate bar support (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) in the first motion mode (M1) only when said at least one second drive (12b) does not drive the automated grate bar support (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) or, respectively, stands still and / or in a third motion mode (M3), sequentially and repeatedly, the second drive position (S2) and the fourth drive position (S4) are set so that at least one of the drives (12), in particular, said at least one first drive (12a), stands still in the third motion mode (M3), in particular, remains extended.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the first driving motion (A1) is introduced depending on the adjusted motion mode (M) - at least at certain times, time-delayed and / or asynchronous into the automated grate bar supports (5a) of different grate rod line units (E; E1, E2), or - at least at certain times, into only one of said at least two grate rod line units (E; E1, E2).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a second driving motion (A2) is introduced by the relative motion between the grate rods (3) of automated and non-automated grate rod lines (2a, 2b) into the grate rods (3) the second ends (6) of which are supported on the non-planar surface contour (13) of the grate rod (3) respectively adjacent in the direction of flow (F), where, to that end, the non-planar surface contour (13) of the grate rods (3) is preferably provided with a curve profile (K) extending in the direction of flow (F).

4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that - a first grate rod motion (Ba) of the grate rods (3) of the automated grate rod lines (2a) is composed of the first driving motion (A1) induced via the first ends (4) and the second driving motion (A2) induced via the second ends (6), and / or that - a second grate rod motion (Bb) of the grate rods (3) of the non-automated grate rod lines (2b) results from the second driving motion (A2) induced via the second ends (6).

5. Method according to one of the above claims, characterised in that at least two automated grate rod supports (5a) of the same grate rod line unit (E; E1, E2) are associated with a common drive (12; 12a, 12b) in order to introduce the first driving motion (A1) via a common drive (12; 12a, 12b) in synchronized fashion into at least two of the automated grate bar supports (5a) that are associated with the same grate rod line unit (E; E1, E2).

6. Method according to claim 5, characterised in that the first driving motion (A1) is introduced via the common drive (12; 12a, 12b) only into the at least two automated grate bar supports (5a) of a single grate rod line unit (E; E1, E2).

7. Method according to one of the above claims, characterised in that, in a second motion mode (M2), sequentially and repeatedly, the first drive position (S1) and the fourth drive position (S4) are set, where said at least one first drive (12a) drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1), while said at least one second drive (12b) also drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2), or, respectively, moves.

8. Method according to one of the above claims, characterised in that, in a fourth motion mode (M4), sequentially and repeatedly, the second drive position (S2) and the third drive position (S3) are set, where said at least one first drive (12a) drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) at the same time while said at least one second drive (12b) also drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2).

9. Method according to one of the above claims, characterised in that every other grate rod line (2) of the push grate (100) is a grate rod line (2a) driven via the drive (12), and the non-automated grate rod lines (2b) are arranged in-between, where every other automated grate rod line (2a) is associated with the same grate rod line unit (E; E1, E2).

10. Method according to one of the above claims, characterised in that the respective drive (12) introduces the first driving motion (A1) via a drive mechanics (9) into the respective automated grate bar support (5a), where the respective drive mechanics (9) comprises torsion levers (11a, 11b) attached to a torsion shaft (10) connecting the drive (12), for example, a hydraulic cylinder, to the automated grate rod supports (5a) to create a first driving motion (A1) in the manner of a circle segment about a second axis of rotation (D2) defined by the torsion shaft (10) upon actuation of the respective drive (12).

11. Push grate (100) for a combustion furnace, in particular, a waste incineration plant, in particular, for carrying out a method according to one of the above claims, comprising multiple grate rod lines (2), each comprising a grate bar support (5), on which multiple grate rods (3) are rotatably supported via their first ends (4), and a controller means (50), where the grate rods (3) of adjacent grate rod lines (2) lie on top of each other like roof tiles such that a second end (6) of the respective grate rod (3) is supported on a surface (7) of a grate rod (3) adjacent in the direction of flow (F), where the surfaces (7) of the grate rods (3) of the individual grate rod lines (2) form a push grate surface (O), and the surfaces (7) of the grate rods (3) have a non-planar surface contour (13), and where at least some of the grate rod lines (2) are grate rod lines (2a) automated via a drive (12), where the controller means (50) is adapted to control the drives (12) such that a first driving motion (A1) can be introduced into the automated grate bar supports (5a) each in such a way that alternatingly different drive positions (S) are created in which the grate rods (3) at the respective automated grate rod supports (5a) and also at non-automated grate rod supports (5b) of non-automated grate rod lines (2b) are adjusted differently so as to transport and / or poke fuel (B) present on the push grate surface (O), where the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the automated grate rod lines (2a) are divided between grate rod line units (E; E1, E2), and the controller means (50) is adapted to - introduce the first driving motion (A1) via the respective drives (12) independent of each other into the automated grate bar supports (5a) of different grate rod line units (E; E1, E2), and - drive the automated grate bar support (5a) that are associated with the same grate rod line units (E; E1, E2) always in synchronization, and - adjust alternatingly different drive positions (S) depending on a set motion mode (M) in that the first driving motion (A1) is introduced via the respective drives (12) into the automated grate bar supports (5a) of said at least one of the at least two grate rod line units (E; E1, E2), where the controller means (50) is further adapted to - adjust a first drive position (S1) in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) and at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) are each retracted, and / or - adjust a second drive position (S2) in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) is extended, and said at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) is retracted, and / or - adjust a third drive position (S3) in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) is retracted, and that said at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) is extended, and / or - adjust a fourth drive position (S4) in that said at least one first drive (12a) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) and that said at least one second drive (12b) that drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) are each extended, where the controller means (50) is capable of - adjusting, in a first motion mode (M1), sequentially and repeatedly, the first drive position (S1), the second drive position (S2), the first drive position (S2) and the third drive position (S3), and said at least one first drive (12a) only drives the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate rod line unit (E1) in the first motion mode (M1) when said at least one second drive (12b) does not drive the automated grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate rod line unit (E2) or, respectively, stands still, and / or - in a third motion mode (M3), sequentially and repeatedly, the second drive position (S2) and the fourth drive position (S4) can be adjusted so that at least one of the drives (12), in particular, said at least one first drive (12a), stands still in the third motion mode (M3), in particular, remains extended.

12. Push grate (100) according to claim 11, characterised in that the push grate (100) is composed of multiple push grate modules (1) arranged one after the other and / or side by side, each having at least two grate rod line units (E; E1, E2) each made of at least two synchronously automatable grate rod supports (5a) and grate rods (3) rotatably supported therein.

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