Spectacle lenses for reducing myopia progression

Abstract

The invention relates to a spectacle lens (10) and to a production method for such a spectacle lens, the spectacle lens (10) comprising: a central main viewing region (30) with substantially constant refractive power; an effective region (32) around the central main viewing region (30), the effective region (32) having microstructures at least in portions, said microstructures in the effective region (32) bringing about an at least partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main viewing region (30) and / or at least partly bringing about a contrast reduction; and a peripheral region (34) outside of the effective region (32) with substantially constant refractive power.

Description

[0001]Applicant: Rodenstock GmbH Our reference: R 3414WO - hb / hb Description The invention relates to a spectacle lens with at least one specially shaped peripheral region with different optical properties to improve long-term wearing comfort with simultaneous improved peripheral perception. Especially with spectacle lenses for correcting myopia, the often noticeable tendency for myopia to progress leads to a reduction in the wearing comfort of once fitted spectacle lenses and thus also the wearer's satisfaction and the tolerability of the glasses after a short time. In general, myopia is increasing dramatically worldwide, particularly in Asia. The WHO estimates that by 2050 over 50% of all people will be myopic. As the myopia of the individual increases, the risk of associated eye diseases such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts and macular degeneration also increases significantly.There is therefore great interest in slowing the progression of myopia. There are several approaches to slowing the progression of myopia using optical aids (vision aids). However, what all these approaches have in common is that they are very complex and expensive, and also relatively inflexible when it comes to adapting to rapidly changing circumstances (e.g., changes in eyeglass prescriptions, demands on the visual system). To date, various optical effects regarding the tolerability and comfort of ophthalmic lenses, particularly spectacle lenses, have been investigated with regard to their influence on myopia and / or hyperopia, as well as their progression or development depending on the optical and physiological mechanisms that are intended to explain or slow down their progression, particularly their deterioration.Existing approaches are essentially based on projecting the image in front of the retina, as this is intended to slow the longitudinal growth of the eye. It has been shown that it is sufficient if this occurs only in the periphery of the retina. One possible approach is the use of bifocal lenses and / or progressive lenses (PAL). On the one hand, the addition of these lenses projects an area in the peripheral region in front of the retina when looking into the distance, and on the other hand, when looking up close, at least when accommodation is insufficient, the image is not projected behind the retina. This works better for children with accommodative insufficiency and / or convergence excess. However, with such approaches, acceptable results are only achieved in a small group with convergence excess. Bifocal lenses are not desirable, especially for children, at least for cosmetic reasons.Another approach is based on special PAL (or radially symmetric PAL) with a central sharp imaging power and peripheral addition (e.g. DE 102009053467 A1). PAL, as in these two approaches, have areas with large aberrations. Furthermore, the quality of peripheral vision and also foveal vision when looking through the periphery of the lenses is severely reduced by the aberrations. If high demands are placed on the visual system (e.g. in road traffic), this can only be solved with a second pair of single-vision glasses. This further increases the effort and costs of changing the prescription. The acceptance of such solutions is therefore often low. Other approaches are based, for example, on special contact lenses. For example, progressive contact lenses with a higher plus power in the periphery than in the central area have been investigated. In practice, however, this also impairs foveal vision.In addition, a new lens has to be manufactured if the prescription needs to be changed, which is a lot of work. Furthermore, handling and reliability are limited in children. This is especially true for young children, and what makes things even more difficult is that the greatest effect is achieved when measures to slow myopia begin in early childhood. Another approach with contact lenses uses so-called Ortho-K contact lenses, which are worn overnight and deform the cornea. This is intended to correct myopia centrally and also create a positive effect in the periphery (compared to the center). However, here too each contact lens has special requirements and a new lens has to be manufactured at great expense, e.g. in the case of a new prescription.Furthermore, the effects of corneal deformities on corneal metabolism and structure remain unclear, particularly in young children. The problem for spectacle wearers resulting from the progression of myopia is the steadily decreasing comfort of spectacles once fitted. The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the lasting tolerability of spectacles and thus achieve long-term wearing comfort cost-effectively. This object is achieved according to the invention by a spectacle lens having the features specified in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.Thus, in one aspect, the invention relates to a spectacle lens which comprises: - a central main field of vision with a substantially constant refractive power and preferably a substantially constant contrast; and - a particularly substantially annular effective area around the central main field of vision, wherein the effective area at least partially has microstructures which in the effective area -- have at least a partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main field of vision (i.e. an at least partially stronger positive dioptric power than the dioptric power in the central main field of vision -- this difference is also referred to below as "positive dioptric additional power") and / or -- at least partially a reduction in contrast compared to the central main field of vision.Particularly preferably, in one aspect, the spectacle lens comprises a particularly substantially annular peripheral region outside the field of vision with a substantially constant refractive power. In this case, said microstructures are located in particular only within the (annular) field of vision, while both the central main field of vision and the preferably additionally provided (annular) peripheral region are preferably free of these microstructures or at least no increased refractive power and / or no reduction in contrast is caused there. An important aspect of the innovation in this context is therefore not least the positive dioptric additional power and / or the reduction in contrast and their distribution across the spectacle lens. In any case, however, the microstructures do not produce the same effect over the entire surface, i.e. at all points of vision of the spectacle lens.This creates no or only a slight additional positive dioptric effect, or causes no or only a slight reduction in contrast, particularly in the central main field of vision (or in the peripheral field of vision). This ensures that the lens still has a fairly precise dioptric effect intended for the wearer (especially based on an individual prescription) in both the central main field of vision and the peripheral field of vision, and that the wearer can continue to see essentially unchanged centrally and, preferably, at the same time, perceive peripheral movements clearly.Only in the effective area does the positive dioptric additional effect of the microstructures, compared to the central main field of vision, cause an optical image in front of the wearer's retina and / or, by reducing contrast, at least prevent a sharp image of the central peripheral vision from being focused behind the retina, thus dampening an incentive for longitudinal expansion or growth of the affected eye. It has been found that the spectacle lens according to the invention, in particular, prevents an image of the central peripheral vision from being focused behind the retina, which creates an incentive for longitudinal growth of the eye. Dampening the incentive for longitudinal growth thus also dampens short-term myopic progression of the eye, which conventionally often leads to a loss of comfort when wearing the spectacle lens.A spectacle lens according to the invention improves the long-term tolerability of spectacles and achieves long-term wearing comfort. In this way, obstacles and hazards in the (far) peripheral vision area are perceived as clearly as possible by the wearer, or at least in a manner that is as familiar or reliable as possible for the wearer. This ensures, on the one hand, high long-term tolerability of the spectacle lens and a comfortable wearing experience, while, on the other hand, a high level of safety for the user. Thus, in one aspect, the invention provides for the use of such a spectacle lens for a non-therapeutic purpose in order to improve the tolerability and wearing comfort when using ophthalmic lenses over a long period of time. In one aspect, the invention avoids an undesirable deterioration of the eyesight (myopia) of an eye, as is caused by conventional lenses (e.g., spectacle lenses).In one aspect, the invention particularly relates to a spectacle lens with a negative dioptric power in the central main visual area. Thus, especially in the case of an existing myopia of an eye, which is compensated by a spectacle lens with a negative dioptric power in the central main visual area, long-term comfort when wearing this spectacle lens is particularly clearly achieved. Against this background, the invention thus relates in a further aspect, in particular, to a non-therapeutic use of a spectacle lens proposed here for the (non-therapeutic) reduction of the progression of myopia. Preferably, the essentially constant refractive power in the peripheral area essentially corresponds to the essentially constant refractive power in the central main visual area.Preferably, the variations in refractive power within the central main visual area and / or within the peripheral area are in a range of no more than approximately 1 dpt, preferably no more than approximately 0.5 dpt, most preferably no more than approximately 0.25 dpt. Particularly preferably, the refractive power in the central main visual area and in the peripheral area differ from one another by no more than approximately 1.5 dpt, preferably no more than approximately 1 dpt, even more preferably no more than approximately 0.5 dpt, most preferably no more than approximately 0.25 dpt. Preferably, the refractive power caused by the microstructures in the power area (i.e., the refractive power of the spectacle lens resulting in the power area with the aid of the microstructures) is at least approximately 1 dpt, even more preferably at least approximately 2 dpt, most preferably at least approximately 3 dpt higher than the refractive power in the central main visual area.In other words, the positive dioptric additional power (i.e. the additional refractive power) is preferably at least about 1 dpt, even more preferably at least about 2 dpt, most preferably at least about 3 dpt. Alternatively or additionally, the refractive power caused by the microstructures in the power area is preferably at most about 10 dpt, even more preferably at most about 5 dpt, most preferably at most about 4 dpt higher than the refractive power in the central main visual area. In other words, the positive dioptric additional power is preferably at most about 10 dpt, even more preferably at most about 5 dpt, most preferably at most about 4 dpt. The peripheral defocusing thus achieved in the central peripheral visual area towards an image in front of the retina causes a particularly efficient dampening of an incentive for longitudinal growth of the eye.Both larger and smaller values ​​of the additional positive dioptric power of the microstructures tend to continue to tolerate an existing tendency towards longitudinal growth of the eye and thus dampen it less effectively. For example, with lower values ​​of the additional positive dioptric power in the effective range, with correct or possibly even slightly excessive accommodation in the central main visual field, the middle peripheral visual field is still partially sharply imaged behind the retina and thus an incentive for longitudinal growth of the eye is hardly or not at all suppressed. With larger values ​​of the additional positive dioptric power in the effective range, on the other hand, the middle peripheral visual field is already perceived as so blurred that the effective influence on longitudinal growth is greatly reduced, since the eye no longer perceives any significant difference between an image in front of or behind the retina.In a preferred embodiment, the increase in refractive power caused by the microstructures, i.e. the positive dioptric additional power, varies along at least one meridian of the spectacle lens through a center of the central main field of vision by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 25%, even more preferably at least about 50%, most preferably at least about 75% or even at least about 90% of the maximum absolute value of the increase in refractive power caused by the microstructures. This means that the increase in refractive power caused by the microstructures within the field of vision is not the same everywhere. For example, in the case of microlenses as microstructures, the microlenses can have different surface curvatures in order to thus cause different refractive power values.Thus, in this embodiment, it is particularly preferred if the dioptric power along this (at least one) meridian from the center to the periphery of the spectacle lens passes through at least one local minimum within the power range. However, it is also preferably possible to allow the resulting refractive power in the transition from the central main visual field to the power range and / or the resulting refractive power in the transition from the power range to the peripheral field to be essentially continuous, i.e., without a distinct step. Particularly preferably, the refractive power variation is adapted to an individual measurement of a peripheral eye length.Preferably, the refractive power caused by the microstructures along a horizontal meridian of the spectacle lens through a center of the central main visual area has a temporal maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the power area temporally of the central main visual area, and a nasal maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the power area nasally of the central main visual area, such that the nasal maximum is greater than the temporal maximum, preferably by about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt greater. In other words, the maximum value of the positive dioptric additional power along a horizontal meridian is greater nasally of the central main visual area than temporally of the central main visual area. It has been found that this asymmetry in the horizontal course of the positive dioptric additional power is particularly effective and often improves long-term wearing comfort.This could be explained by the fact that the eye length to the retina is often somewhat shorter in the temporal region of the foveal region than at the same distance nasally from the foveal region. Alternatively or additionally, the refractive power caused by the microstructures along a vertical meridian of the spectacle lens through a center of the central main visual area preferably has a lower maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the area of ​​effect below the central main visual area, and an upper maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the area of ​​effect above the central main visual area, such that the upper maximum is greater than the lower maximum, preferably by approximately 0.5 dpt to approximately 1 dpt greater.In other words, the maximum value of the positive dioptric additional power along a vertical meridian is greater above the central main visual area than below the central main visual area. It has been found that this asymmetry in the vertical course of the positive dioptric additional power is particularly effective and often improves long-term wearing comfort. This could be explained by the fact that the length of the eye to the retina is often somewhat shorter in the area below the foveal area than at the same distance above the foveal area. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distribution of the positive dioptric additional power is adjusted individually (in particular based on an individual measurement). For this purpose, the eye can be examined with a device with the help of which central and peripheral biometric data can be measured or derived (e.g.B an optical biometer, or the DNEye® Scanner 2 from Rodenstock). In particular, the central and peripheral eye length and / or the refraction of the eye can be determined objectively and / or subjectively, centrally and / or peripherally as biometric data. The peripheral data can be measured nasally and / or temporally and / or superiorly (light incidence from above) and / or inferiorly (light incidence from below). The eccentricity of the peripheral measurement can in particular be in the range from 5° to 40°, preferably in the range from approximately 10° to approximately 20°. The measurement can also be carried out at several eccentricities in order to obtain an individual profile. Preferably, at least 2, more preferably at least 5 data points are determined, with at least one central and preferably one, or more preferably 4 peripheral light incidence angles.This biometric data can be used alone or in combination with other non-biometric parameters to determine the optimal distribution of the positive dioptric power. The non-biometric parameters can include the age of onset of myopia or the previous rate of progression of myopia. This data is used to locally adjust the refractive power of the microstructures, depending on the local eye length and / or refraction. For example, if the temporal eye length becomes smaller than the nasal eye length, the average refractive power of the temporal microstructures is preferably selected to be more positive than the average refractive power of the nasal microstructures. When measurements are taken at multiple eccentricities, the refractive power curve of the microlenses is preferably adjusted locally so that the resulting focal point is always (preferably as essentially the same distance) in front of the peripheral retina.In particular, in one aspect, the invention thus offers a method for individually calculating or producing a spectacle lens in one of the embodiments described here for an eye of a user, comprising: - providing user data which contains at least a central eye length and / or a central refraction (i.e. an eye length or refraction of the user in the case of central (foveal) light incidence) and at least a peripheral eye length and / or a peripheral refraction (i.e. an eye length or- determining the user's refraction when the light incident on the peripheral side deviates from the central side by a peripheral angle / eccentricity of the eye; - determining a value for a target additional power based on a value for a basic additional power and the difference between the central eye length and the at least one peripheral eye length; and - calculating or manufacturing the spectacle lens in such a way that the microstructures in the power area at least partially produce a refractive power that is higher by the target additional power than the refractive power in the central main field of vision. The peripheral angle (eccentricity) used is in particular an angle in the range from approximately 5° to approximately 40°, in particular in the range from approximately 10° to approximately 30°.Preferably, the user data defines a plurality of peripheral eye lengths for at least partially horizontally and / or vertically different directions of light incidence, wherein the method comprises: - determining a respective value of the target additional power for each of the directions of light incidence based on the value of the base additional power and the respective difference between the central eye length and the respective peripheral eye length; - determining a light transmission point through the spectacle lens for each of the directions of light incidence; and - calculating or producing the spectacle lens such that the microstructures in the light transmission points result in a refractive power that is higher by the respective target additional power than the refractive power in the central main field of vision.Preferably, a positive dioptric additional power is specified as the basic additional power, which determines a defined (preferably essentially constant) distance of the sharp image in front of the retina of the eye, particularly over the entire field of effect (or at least over most of the field of effect). In order to keep this distance as constant as possible over the area of ​​(middle) peripheral vision (i.e. outside the central main field of vision) (even with local variations in the peripheral eye length), the angle-dependent eye length is taken into account in addition to this basic additional power. This allows the target additional power to vary locally on an individual basis, whereby the otherwise fixed basic additional power determines the preferably essentially constant distance of the image in front of the retina.In a preferred embodiment, the power area comprises at least one inner power area, preferably directly adjacent to the central main field of vision (and in particular at least partially surrounding it), with microstructures which bring about the at least partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main field of vision and / or the contrast reduction. In this embodiment, the power area also preferably comprises at least one outer power area with microstructures which bring about the at least partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main field of vision and / or the contrast reduction. It is possible for the microstructures in the inner and outer power areas to produce the same type and magnitude of power (i.e., both times an additional dioptric power and / or both times a contrast reduction).However, it is also possible for the microstructures in the inner and outer areas of effect to differ from one another in terms of type and / or size. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the area of ​​effect preferably comprises at least one intermediate area without microstructures between the inner and outer areas of effect or with microstructures which cause a lower refractive power or a lower contrast reduction than the microstructures in the inner and outer areas of effect. Thus, at least the inner and outer areas of effect at least partially have microstructures which at least partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main field of view and / or at least partially cause the contrast reduction. Preferably, the intermediate area does not have such a higher refractive power or contrast reduction.Thus, the effective area preferably has a particularly annular inner effective area and a particularly annular outer effective area, which are at least partially separated from one another by a particularly annular intermediate area, wherein the intermediate area has a lower positive dioptric additional power or a lower contrast reduction than the inner and outer effective areas. The inner effective area forms a preferably annular area that is closer to the central main field of vision than the outer effective area, or that is directly adjacent to the central area. The inner effective area is preferably surrounded by the intermediate area, which in turn is further away from the central main field of vision than the inner effective area. Further towards the periphery, the intermediate area is surrounded again by the outer effective area.While the inner and outer power areas preferably have a positive dioptric additional power and / or (stronger) contrast reduction compared to the central area, the intermediate area preferably has a smaller positive dioptric additional power or a smaller contrast reduction than the inner and outer power areas or essentially no positive dioptric additional power or no contrast reduction. Preferably, the positive dioptric additional power in the intermediate area compared to the central area is not greater than approximately 1 dpt, even more preferably not greater than approximately 0.5 dpt, most preferably not greater than approximately 0.25 dpt. The central main viewing area preferably comprises a circular area with a radius of at least approximately 3 mm, preferably at least approximately 5 mm, even more preferably at least approximately 8 mm.In other words, this means that the central main field of vision has a size and shape such that such a circular area with the specified radii is completely contained therein. Alternatively or additionally, the central main field of vision preferably lies within a circular area with a radius of at most approximately 25 mm, preferably at most approximately 20 mm, even more preferably at most approximately 15 mm, and most preferably at most approximately 10 mm. The central main field of vision can be essentially circular. Otherwise, however, the central region does not have to be exactly circular. It is also possible to provide an elliptical or generally oval shape as the central region. With this dimensioning of the central main field of vision (essentially) without additional dioptric power, it is achieved that a spectacle lens continues to allow good central vision with an unadulterated, sharp image.At the same time, the positive dioptric additional power provided in the central peripheral region extends far enough into the center of the field of vision to have an effective influence on the longitudinal growth of the eye. The optional peripheral region preferably lies completely outside a circular area with a radius of at least approximately 20 mm, preferably at least approximately 25 mm, particularly preferably at least approximately 30 mm, even more preferably at least approximately 35 mm, most preferably at least approximately 40 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the area of ​​effect 32 preferably lies completely within a circular area with a radius of at most approximately 45 mm, preferably at most approximately 40 mm, particularly preferably at most approximately 35 mm, even more preferably at most approximately 30 mm, most preferably at most approximately 25 mm.When using an intermediate region with (essentially) no additional dioptric power or with, as already described, only a slight additional dioptric power between an inner and an outer power region, it is particularly preferred if the intermediate region is arranged within a ring region around a center of the spectacle lens or the central main field of vision, which lies between an inner boundary circle with a radius of approximately 15 mm and an outer boundary circle with a radius of approximately 30 mm. In particular, a center point (e.g. geometric center of gravity or center point of an inscribed circle) of the central main field of vision (free of the additional power or contrast reduction) can serve as the center. The (ring-shaped) intermediate region particularly preferably has a (ring) width of no more than approximately 10 mm in the radial direction.The intermediate zone thus ensures that a portion of the mid-peripheral field of vision is imaged on the retina with similar sharpness as the central field of vision and, if applicable, the (far) peripheral field of vision. This has been shown to be particularly effective for reliable motion perception. However, the combination of the inner and outer zones of vision still ensures that a completely sharp image behind the retina is avoided, thus dampening the incentive for the eye to grow in length. This, in turn, improves the long-term comfort of the glasses.The combination of the effects of reliable motion perception (across the central field of vision, part of the mid-peripheral field of vision, and the far peripheral field of vision) and long-term wearing comfort is significantly greater when using the described intermediate range without additional dioptric power (or with reduced additional dioptric power) or without contrast reduction than when using an enlarged central main field of vision in combination with only one continuous field of power with a relatively constant additional power (positive dioptric and / or contrast-reducing). In a preferred embodiment, the microstructures comprise, in particular, refractive Fresnel structures. In principle, diffractive structures would also be possible. However, refractive Fresnel structures are comparatively easy to manufacture with high quality.Particularly preferably, the Fresnel structures are provided on a surface of the spectacle lens with a profile height (step height) in the range from approximately 0.01 mm to in particular approximately 0.2 mm, preferably in a range from approximately 0.02 mm to in particular approximately 0.2 mm. A step spacing of the Fresnel structure is preferably in the range from approximately 0.2 mm to approximately 2 mm, even more preferably in a range from approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 1 mm. In one aspect, the microstructures in the effective area at least partially reduce the contrast. For this purpose, the microstructures preferably comprise surface roughnesses that cause a dullness of the optical image. This dullness then leads to a reduction in contrast. The central main field of view should remain essentially clear, while the reduction in contrast is only generated in the effective area (i.e., between the central main field of view and the peripheral area).This contrast reduction contributes to the fact that the middle peripheral visual field provides little or no incentive for the eye to grow longitudinally. This contrast reduction is particularly effective if the resulting perception (or degree of perception) in the area of ​​contrast reduction is in the range of at least approximately 0.5, preferably in the range of at least approximately 0.7. Preferably, the perception due to the contrast reduction is not greater than approximately 0.9, even more preferably not greater than approximately 0.8. Perception should be understood here in particular as the factor by which visual acuity (i.e. visual acuity) is reduced, with a visual acuity determined to the value 1 in accordance with DIN 58220 Part 3 being used as a reference. Thus, a perception of 0 (<0.1) means essentially complete occlusion and 1 in principle means complete transparency.These properties arise in particular when the spectacle lens is arranged in a position with a typical corneal-vertex distance (HSA), i.e. in particular with at least one HSA value in the range from approximately 11 mm to approximately 18 mm, particularly preferably with at least one HSA value of approximately 13 mm or approximately 14 mm. Alternatively or in addition to adhering to the value ranges for perception proposed here, it may be particularly preferred if the contrast reduction caused by the microstructure in the field of effect leads to a haze value (in particular % haze) according to the ASTM D-1003 standard in the range of not more than approximately 10, preferably in the range of not more than approximately 2, and wherein the contrast reduction caused by the microstructure in the field of effect preferably leads to a haze value according to the ASTM D-1003 standard in the range of at least approximately 0.1, in particular at least approximately 0.5.Particularly preferably, in the event of a reduction in contrast, the effective area still has a transmission (in particular a luminous transmittance value according to the ASTM D-1003 standard) of at least 85, even more preferably at least 90. This ensures that even in the event of a reduction in contrast, the spectacle lens does not completely block the light (e.g. absorb and / or reflect it) and thus darken the field of vision, but that the light is only (partially) scattered. This largely retains the impression of brightness and prevents the pupil from becoming noticeably larger (due to reduced light incidence). The values ​​for both haze and luminous transmittance according to the ASTM D-1003 standard can be determined or checked, for example, using the “haze-gard plus” measuring device from BYK Additives and Instruments.In the case of a purely dioptric or contrast-reducing effect of the microstructures, this is preferably provided only outside the central main field of vision and, if applicable, outside the peripheral field of vision, i.e., in particular, in the field of effect. Alternatively, microstructures can also be provided in the central main field of vision, in the field of effect, and, if applicable, in the peripheral field of effect, whereby the positive dioptric additional effect and / or contrast reduction is achieved only in the field of effect. However, the microstructures can have a (uniform) dioptric and / or prismatic additional effect across the entire lens (i.e., including the central main field of vision, the field of effect, and / or, if applicable, the peripheral field of effect).In a preferred embodiment, the central main field of vision is oval, in particular substantially elliptical, with a ratio of the largest to the smallest diameter preferably being in the range from approximately 1.2 to approximately 2.5, preferably in a range from approximately 1.25 to approximately 2. An axis of the largest diameter is particularly preferably at an angle in the range from approximately 5° to approximately 20° relative to the vertical of the spectacle lens. In a preferred embodiment, the field of vision contains a near section which lies within a segment of the spectacle lens and preferably comprises, i.e. occupies, a segment of the field of vision. The optical properties of the segment of the field of vision encompassed by the near section differ at least partially from the optical properties of the remaining field of vision, in particular with regard to their additional positive dioptric power and / or their contrast reduction.Particularly preferably, the segment of the effective range encompassed by the close-up section exhibits substantially no contrast reduction, while preferably the remaining part of the effective range, i.e. not encompassed by the close-up section, at least partially (in particular largely in terms of area) causes a contrast reduction. In a preferred embodiment, the segment of the effective range encompassed by the close-up section exhibits substantially no microstructures. In another preferred embodiment, the segment of the effective range encompassed by the close-up section comprises microlenses which essentially have or create a common eye-side focal point. In this case, a second image is preferably generated by the microlenses, which superimposes a first image (sharp for the distance). This therefore creates not only a sharp image of the near object, but also a blurred image (from the part that produces the sharp image for the distance).Particularly preferably, the remaining segment of the effective range, i.e. not encompassed by the close-up section, also has microlenses, which, however, do not have a common focal point. In any case, most microlenses in the remaining effective range preferably do not have any (particularly immediately) adjacent microlens(es) with the same focal point. Otherwise, the positive dioptric additional power of each individual microlens in the close-up section and in the remaining effective range can even be essentially the same. However, while the microlenses do not lead to a joint additive effect due to the different positions of the focal points, but rather produce a blurred image, the microlenses in the close-up section can contribute to an additive effect, so that the close-up section is very suitable for the user, in particular for reading at shorter distances.In one aspect, the microlenses in the near-vision section can bring about a focus on an optical axis of the spectacle lens that runs through the central main field of vision and / or is defined by the central main field of vision. In other words, it is preferred if optical axes of the microstructures in the near-vision section intersect at their common focal point. In this case, a sharp image, i.e. a sharp view, is preferably achieved through the spectacle lens in the entire near-vision section, in particular in the segment of the field of vision encompassed by the near-vision section. Improved near vision is achieved by the additional positive dioptric power of the microstructures in the part of the field of vision encompassed by the near-vision section relative to the central main field of vision. On the other hand, the microstructures in the remaining field of vision (ieoutside the close-up section) preferably each have a focal point which in particular lies outside an intersection point of their optical axes. The close-up section preferably lies within a region which is delimited temporally by a vertical meridian line downwards from the center of the central main field of vision and nasally by a meridian line which is nasally rotated by 45°, preferably by 30°, even more preferably by 20° to the vertical and downwards from the center of the central main field of vision. In other words, the close-up section preferably lies between two imaginary lines, one of which runs vertically downwards (through the field of action) starting from the center of the central main field of vision. This imaginary line preferably represents the temporal boundary of the close-up section. The other imaginary line runs nasally from the center of the central main field of vision, rotated nasally by the aforementioned angle relative to the vertical.This imaginary line preferably represents the nasal boundary of the close-up view. The close-up view does not have to fill the entire area between the two imaginary lines. However, it preferably does not extend beyond them. When reference is made in this description to the center of the central main visual area, this specifically refers to the geometric center of gravity of the area of ​​the central main visual area or the center of the smallest circle that still completely contains the central main visual area.In one aspect, the present invention relates to a spectacle lens, in particular according to one of the preferred embodiments otherwise presented in this description, comprising: - a spectacle lens body with microstructures (in particular in the form of microlenses, also called lenslets) with, in particular, a positive dioptric additional power on at least a first surface of the spectacle lens body; and - a protective layer arranged on the spectacle lens body, which at least partially, preferably completely covers the microstructures (e.g., microlenses), wherein the protective layer has a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body. The microstructures (e.g., microlenses), which are provided, in particular, in the field of effect, are thus very efficiently protected from impairment by damage and / or contamination.In this way, the protective layer prevents the microstructures formed in the spectacle lens, i.e., on the first surface of the spectacle lens body (particularly in the form of positive-dioptric microlenses), from being damaged or contaminated during production by subsequent process steps in spectacle lens production and / or during use of the spectacle lens in a pair of spectacles. Due to the difference in refractive index, the microstructures remain optically effective; in particular, the microstructures can generate a local, positive-dioptric additional effect as microlenses. The protective layer is provided, in particular, with sufficient optical transparency so as not to unduly impair the use of the spectacle lens, including the protective layer.For this purpose, the protective layer has a largely smooth surface on the side of the protective layer facing away from the microstructures, which in particular does not follow the topography of the microstructures but only the global curvature of the spectacle lens. This essentially smooth surface of the protective layer is therefore significantly less susceptible to damage or soiling. Furthermore, this offers the possibility of very easily applying additional layers (e.g. anti-reflective layers, topcoats, hard layers) which could not be applied (as easily) to the non-planar surface of the microstructure or which could negatively influence their effect. Preferably, the difference between the refractive index of the protective layer and the refractive index of the spectacle lens body is at least about 0.05, even more preferably at least about 0.1, particularly preferably at least about 0.15, most preferably at least about 0.2.Larger differences have the advantage of a greater effect, while smaller differences have the advantage of a lower reflection coefficient and simpler materials. Since the optical effect of the microlenses depends on the difference in refractive index between the material chosen for the lens body and that used for the protective layer, the largest possible difference is advantageous. Conversely, a high refractive index can lead to unwanted reflections at the interface between the main body and the cover layer. The strength of the reflection can be estimated using the well-known formula for normal incidence: Table 1 contains the results for the refractive indices of some preferred material combinations Table 1: Intensity of reflection for various material combinations and various materials against air (n1=1.00) as a comparison value In addition to avoiding reflection at this boundary, a low reflection intensity at this interface is particularly preferred in order to avoid multiple or Fabry-Perrot reflections with subsequent layers (e.g. hard coating) or layers of the opposite lens surface. To avoid these multiple or Fabry-Perrot reflections, it is particularly preferable to provide the protective layer-air and lens body-air interfaces with an anti-reflective coating. The refractive index combinations of 1.50 with 1.60 and 1.60 with 1.67 have a very low reflection intensity. Refractive index combinations of 1.5 with 1.67 have a greater optical effect with well-tolerated reflections due to the higher refractive index difference. Combinations with 1.90, on the other hand, show quite high reflection intensities.In particular, the microstructures are designed as microlenses (particularly knobs on the lens body) to project the part of the light that passes through these microlenses (lenslets) in front of the retina in order to counteract the longitudinal growth of the eye. For this purpose, the lenslets preferably have a positive dioptric additional power D. For example, an additional power of around 3.5 dpt has proven successful. Other powers (e.g. 2 to 5 dpt) are just as possible and should show a similar effect. The optical effect of the knobs is created by the refraction at the interface between the lens body and the protective layer in the area of ​​the knobs. For a given defocus effect D of a knob and the refractive indices nD and nH of the protective layer and the lens body, respectively, the radius r of the knob can, in the simplest case, be determined using the formula for the optical power of a refracting surface as follows: ( =. ( * + − *- )⁄ / (2) If the refractive index of the lens body is greater than that of the protective coating, convex nubs (positive radius) as seen from the lens body lead to the desired positive dioptric, i.e., collecting, additional power. In the opposite case (i.e., the refractive index of the protective coating is greater than that of the lens body), concave nubs (“dips”) (negative radius) should be selected for an additional collecting power. For a given radius, according to the geometry of circular segments, the height h of the nub and the diameter s of its lateral extension are in the following ratio: 1 = 232 | ( | ℎ − ℎ ' or ℎ = ( − 3( ' − 1 '⁄ 4 (3) Some examples of the resulting stud sizes are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Examples of stud dimensions for given additional powers and refractive indices. The calculations described above only consider the effects of refraction between the protective layer and the lens body. This is permissible within a sufficient approximation. If a more precise treatment is desired, refractions at all or some other transitions in the system can also be considered. The transitions are, in particular, air à protective layer, cover layer à lens body, and lens body à air for structures on the front surface, and air à lens body, lens body à protective layer, and protective layer à air for structures on the back surface. Should additional coatings result in further optically active interfaces, these can also be considered.Additionally or alternatively, the divergence or parallelism of the radiation incident on the spectacle lens and / or the exact geometric shape of the studs can also be taken into account. The following technical optics methods can be used for the calculation: second-order analytical calculation; analytical calculation including higher-order; simulation using ray tracing; simulation using wave tracing. The effect of the spectacle lens can be considered in isolation or used at a reference position such as the vertex sphere or a real or fictitious surface in the eye (e.g. retina, back surface of the eye lens, principal plane). Furthermore, not only can the radius of spherical sector-shaped studs or dips be calculated, but also shapes for the studs or dips that deviate from spherical surfaces can be determined.To reduce the height of the microstructures, the lenslets can also be designed as Fresnel lenses or diffractive lenses. Simple diffractive structures are more difficult to manufacture due to their smaller structures and sharper angles. When using the first order of diffraction, the height corresponds to the design wavelength based on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials of the protective layer and the lens body. Fresnel structures are typically larger and, in their pure form, do not exhibit any relevant interference. This can be achieved by designing the structures large enough. Widths between 0.2 mm and 1 mm are suitable. MODs (multi-order diffractive structures) lie in the intermediate range. In contrast to simple diffractive structures, these structures use higher orders of diffraction, with different wavelength ranges being able to have their respective diffraction maximum at different orders.This allows the color error to be significantly reduced. The protective layer preferably has a thickness of at least about 5 µm, more preferably at least about 10 µm, even more preferably at least about 20 µm, particularly preferably at least about 100 µm, and most preferably at least about 200 µm. Alternatively or additionally, the protective layer preferably has a thickness of at most about 1 mm, more preferably at most about 0.5 mm, and particularly preferably at most about 0.3 mm. The thickness of the coating preferably ensures, on the one hand, that all knobs (or dips) can be covered and, on the other hand, that the protective layer is optically active in the sense of geometric optics. Furthermore, interference phenomena are ideally avoided. It can be assumed that the wavelengths of visible radiation are in the range 400 nm to 700 nm and the coherence length of natural radiation is in the range of the medium wavelengths.The minimum thickness is therefore essentially determined by the height of the nubs or the Fresnel or diffractive structures. A multiple (at least four to ten times) of the wavelength should be added to the height of the structure. Depending on the geometry of the nubs, layer thicknesses of approximately 10 μm and above are particularly preferred. For tall structures, correspondingly higher layer thicknesses may also be preferred. In general, it is advantageous to choose higher layer thicknesses in order to be able to more reliably exclude disruptive interference phenomena and to better compensate for any large-scale unevenness in the spectacle lens body. Preferred layer thicknesses are therefore in the range of approximately 30 μm to approximately 300 μm. Thicker cover layers are not critical to the functioning of the invention, but can have other advantages or disadvantages depending on the material and requirements (e.g., with regard to stability or the overall thickness of the spectacle lens).Furthermore, the actual layer thickness can depend on the materials and manufacturing techniques used, since different materials and manufacturing techniques can be limited or preferred with regard to both the maximum and minimum thicknesses. Preferably, the nub structure (microstructure) at the interface between the spectacle lens body and the protective layer can be manufactured as described below. The surface of the spectacle lens body opposite this surface can either be given the desired shape during production (e.g. by casting) using a suitable casting mold or can be produced subsequently using known methods (e.g. grinding and polishing, RGF processes). The protective layer can also serve to protect the microstructure during processing of the opposite surface. In a preferred embodiment, the protective layer forms the front side of the spectacle lens and the spectacle lens body forms the back side.As with conventional ophthalmic lenses, it is possible to work with a base curve system. In a system based on the front surfaces, several elements with knobs / dips of different sizes can be created for each individual element (i.e. for each local surface area) of the base curve system with knobs / dips. It is possible to adapt the sizes of the knobs / dips of each element of the original system based on the effective range of the respective element or its geometric properties. Alternatively, each element of the system can be provided with knobs / dips of the same size. Known layers such as a hard coating, anti-reflective coating and topcoat can be applied to the two free surfaces of the ophthalmic lens body and the protective layer. In a preferred embodiment, the ophthalmic lens body is structured and the protective layer is applied.In this process, the lens body is structured, i.e., provided with microstructures, and then the protective layer is applied. Preferably, the lens body can be structured directly. With direct structuring, the microstructure is preferably introduced into a precursor product produced in a previous step. This can be done, for example, by turning, milling, laser ablation, lithography, embossing, or similar. Alternatively, the structuring of the lens body can also take place during the production of the lens body. In this case, the microstructures are already introduced during the production of the lens body or a precursor product. For lens bodies made of organic materials, this is typically done by using suitably structured casting molds and casting processes during solidification.While thermoplastics can be processed using liquid, already polymerized material, with thermosets this typically only happens during polymerization. The subsequent application of the protective layer can be carried out in particular by spinning and / or dip coating. Dip and spin coating can be used to apply layers typically up to 10 μm thick (dip coating) or 40 μm thick (spin coating). This is sufficient for many designs (particularly in conjunction with a reduction in the height of the structures). The greater thicknesses can be achieved in particular by choosing materials (particularly acrylates such as Transshade from Tokuyama) with higher viscosity, avoiding dilution with solvent, and selecting suitable process parameters and methods (e.g. rotation speed, temperature, duration, multiple coatings). Alternatively, the protective layer can also be applied by pouring.For embodiments with higher additional effects or smaller refractive index differences between the materials and without height-reducing measures, the layer thicknesses or surface qualities achievable by spinning and / or dip coating may not be sufficient. Significantly greater thicknesses of the cover layer can be achieved using the casting technique. Furthermore, the use of a casting mold can improve the quality of the surface and ensure that the surface is truly (locally) flat. Depending on the material, this can no longer be reliably ensured with conventional coating methods with higher nubs or larger dips, depending on the configuration. Spectacle lenses according to the invention can be manufactured particularly advantageously using the transfer layer process. A particularly preferred process is described in detail, for example, in DE 102012023025 A1.This process is particularly advantageous in connection with the ophthalmic lenses described here because the protective layer, which is usually thinner than the ophthalmic lens body, can significantly reduce both the service life of the expensive structured casting molds and the casting shrinkage of the material to be structured. Furthermore, the transfer layer process, analogous to the casting process, allows the production of cover layers with greater thicknesses and potentially better surface quality than by spinning and / or dip coating. The microstructures can be introduced particularly easily into casting molds (for the ophthalmic lens body or the transfer layer) made of metal (particularly nickel-coated steel) (for example by turning, milling, laser ablation, and lithography). Castings are possible with such casting molds.However, they have disadvantages when it comes to cleaning after casting and with regard to the mechanical and chemical stability of the incorporated structure. Casting molds made of special crown glass (e.g. hardened crown glass of type CH-W 0991 (S-3) from Barberini GmbH based on Schott materials) have proven particularly suitable in terms of cleaning and stability. These can be structured using methods such as turning, milling, laser ablation and lithography. However, due to the brittleness of the material, this can be difficult and require complex processes. Structured casting molds made of crown glass can usually be produced more cost-effectively and / or of better quality by embossing the structure. For this purpose, metallic structured stamps can be used, for example. For embossing, the glass material can be heated to make it viscous.Below are specific examples of preferred materials for the lens body and the protective layer. The following materials are particularly suitable for the lens body, the main component of the lens, which is usually obtained from a lens blank: - Perfalit 1.5 -- Chemical name: Polyethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate -- Based on CR 39 (Columbia Resin 39) from PPG. -- Refractive index 1.5; Abbe number 58 -- Duroplast - PCM 1.54 (Photochrom) -- Chemical name: Copolymers containing, among other things, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate -- Refractive index 1.54; Abbe number 43 -- Duroplast - Polycarbonate -- Refractive index 1.59; Abbe number 29 -- Absolutely break-resistant! (Sports, children's area) -- Poor solvent resistance (alcohol, acetone) -- Thermoplastic - Perfalit 1.6 -- Chemical name: Polythiourethane -- Refractive index 1.60; Abbe number 41 -- Duroplast - Perfalit 1.67 -- Chemical name: Polythiourethane -- Refractive index 1.67; Abbe number 32 -- Duroplast - Perfalit / Cosmolit 1.74 -- Chemical name: Polyapisulfide -- Refractive index 1.74; Abbe number approximately 32 -- Duroplast - PMMA - Mineral lenses Particularly in conjunction with one or more of the above-mentioned preferred materials for the lens body, one or more of the following materials are preferably used for the protective layer: - TS56T from Tokuyama: This lacquer with a refractive index of 1.49 is used for conventional lenses, preferably for Perfalit 1.5. A dipping process preferably produces thicknesses of around 2.2 µm. - IM-9200 from SDC Technologies: This coating has a refractive power between 1.585 and 1.605 and is preferably applied to Perfalit 1.6 and 1.67 lenses after surface activation. Thicknesses of around 2.8 µm are preferably achieved through dipping processes. Variations from 1.5 µm to 3.2 µm are possible.- Transhade from Tokuyama: This is preferably a photochromic coating system. A primer (Transhade-SC-P) is applied as an adhesion promoter, preferably to the lens body (Perfalit 1.6 or 1.67), followed by a photochromic photoresist (Transhade-SC-L4 Brown or Gray) with a refractive index in the range of 1.50 to 1.55, preferably coated with a hard coating layer. Spin coating preferably achieves thicknesses between 30 µm and 50 µm. Typically, thicknesses of around 39 µm are used. Cast-on processes can also be used to achieve thicknesses of over 200 µm. This coating is also available without photochromic dyes and can be cured both thermally and with UV light. - Hi Guard 1080 from PPG and products from Tokuyama These paints could be used as an alternative to TS56T (3) from Tokuyama for application on Perfalit 1.5.It is particularly preferred to apply a protective layer with the lowest possible refractive index (low refractive index nS) to lenses with the highest possible refractive index (high refractive index of the spectacle lens body nK, particularly including the microstructure). This achieves the greatest possible refractive index jump. Preferred combinations are, for example, nS = 1.5 to nK = 1.6 or to nK = 1.67 or to nK = 1.74, etc., but also nS = 1.6 to nK = 1.67 or to nK = 1.74, etc., but also nS = 1.67 to nK = 1.74, etc. Combinations with an even greater difference in refractive index are particularly preferred, in particular at least 0.2 or higher. In general, however, the refractive index of the protective layer can also be higher than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body. The geometry of the microstructures (e.g. microlenses) will then be inversely shaped to achieve the same effect.The following are particularly preferred materials for casting molds: - Crown glass (for example hardened crown glass of type CH-W 0991 (S-3) from Barberini GmbH based on Schott materials) - Quartz glass (“fused silica”) - Metals (e.g. steel, nickel, nickel alloys) Plastics (e.g. polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) The materials mentioned for the spectacle lens body and / or the materials mentioned for casting molds are particularly preferred materials for carrier substrates. A preferred material combination is: Main body made of Perfalit 1.6 combined with the cover or transfer layer made of Transshade, a casting mold made of crown glass CH-W 0991 and, if a transfer layer process is used, with Perfalit 1.5 as the carrier substrate. In principle, a wide variety of materials are possible, such as plastics, glasses or metals, both individually and in combination.The individual materials can be layered and / or structured on the surface. The invention is further described below using preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therein: Figs. 1A to 1C show schematic plan views of exemplary spectacle lenses; Figs. 2A to 2C show schematic representations of an exemplary power distribution; Figs. 3A and 3B show schematic representations of a further exemplary power distribution; Figs. 4A and 4B show schematic plan views of exemplary spectacle lenses with a close-up section; Figs. 5A and 5B show schematic representations of different arrangements of microlenses; Figs. 6A and 6B show schematic representations of the cross section of spectacle lenses with protected microlenses in a power range between a central main field of vision and a peripheral region according to preferred embodiments of the present invention; Fig. 1A shows a plan view of an exemplary spectacle lens 10.In this example, the spectacle lens is initially shown as a raw, round spectacle lens (before edging). This raw, round spectacle lens can then be fitted into a corresponding frame, for example, along an edge 38 by edge grinding. As shown in Fig. 1A, the spectacle lens 10 comprises a central main viewing area 30 with a substantially constant refractive power. This central main viewing area 30 is positioned in front of the respective eye of the spectacle wearer (user) by appropriately centering the spectacle lens such that the wearer, when looking in a principal viewing direction, essentially looks in the region of a center 36 of the central main viewing area 30. The dioptric power and preferably all refractive errors of the user's eye to be corrected are corrected as well as possible by the central main viewing area 30.This ensures that the wearer has sharp foveal vision in the main direction of vision with this spectacle lens. In addition, the spectacle lens comprises a field of action 32 around the central main field of view 30, wherein the field of action 32 at least partially has microstructures, for example in the form of microlenses (lenslets). These microstructures cause at least a partially higher refractive power (positive dioptric additional power) in the field of action 32 than the refractive power in the central main field of view 30 and / or at least partially a reduction in contrast. In particular, in the case of a positive dioptric additional power in the field of action 32, the middle peripheral field of vision is imaged slightly in front of the retina of the corresponding eye of the wearer when vision is sharp in the central area (foveal vision).This suppresses the eye's longitudinal growth, which leads to a reduction in the progression of a myopic characteristic of the eye and thus to better long-term wearing comfort for the spectacle lens. Finally, in this variant, the spectacle lens comprises a peripheral region 34 outside the power zone 32, again with a substantially constant refractive power. Particularly preferably, the substantially constant refractive power in the peripheral region 34 essentially corresponds to the substantially constant refractive power in the central main visual area 30. Thus—assuming an essentially approximately isotropic eye length—the distant peripheral field of vision is again imaged at least approximately sharply on the retina of the corresponding eye.On the one hand, this creates a pleasant visual sensation with a fairly wide field of vision and, on the other hand, increases safety when wearing the spectacle lens, as peripheral movements and thus potential obstacles and hazards can be detected earlier and more reliably by the wearer. Overall, this in turn contributes to better wearing comfort in the long term. Fig. 1B shows a schematic plan view of another exemplary spectacle lens 10. Unlike in the example in Fig. 1A, the power zone 32 here is not consistently occupied by a positive dioptric power. Instead, the power zone 32 comprises an inner power zone 32a and an outer power zone 32b, which are radially separated from one another by an annular intermediate zone 32c. Preferably, the positive dioptric power in the intermediate zone 32c is lower than in the inner power zone 32a and than in the outer power zone 32b.On a line from the central region to the periphery, the positive dioptric power in the intermediate region 32c thus preferably reaches a local minimum. Particularly preferably, the intermediate region 32c has, at least partially or for the most part, essentially no dioptric power. The ring width of the (essentially power-free) intermediate region 32c is preferably in the range from approximately 5 mm to approximately 10 mm. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1B, the power region 32 comprises two ring-shaped power regions 32a and 32b, which are separated from one another by an ring-shaped intermediate region 32c. In other embodiments, however, there can also be more (e.g. three) power regions, which are each separated from one another by intermediate regions (e.g. two), wherein the intermediate regions are in each case free of the positive dioptric additional power orcontrast reduction, or have a correspondingly lower effect than the mutually separated annular effective areas. In the schematic, exemplary embodiments of Fig. 1A and 1B, the central main field of view 30 and optionally the intermediate area 32c as well as the effective area 32 (or the inner 32a and the outer effective area 32b) are shown as circular. For example, the effective area has essentially the same radial cross-sectional length along all radial cross sections, ie the same length between the respective inner and outer edge of the effective area 32. Preferably, the effective area 32 has essentially the same course of the dioptric power and / or the contrast reduction in all radial cross sections between the respective inner edge and the respective outer edge. In other words, the dioptric power and / or the contrast reduction changes orIn this variant, the dioptric power and / or the contrast reduction along the annular course of the power area 32 do not change significantly. However, this is not necessarily the case. These areas can also have other shapes (e.g., oval). These areas do not necessarily have to be concentric to one another, even if this can be particularly advantageous for some universal applications. An example of an alternative shape of the central main viewing area 30 and the power area 32 in the form of (in this case, concentric) hexagons is shown in Fig. 1C. According to the arrangement shown in Fig.In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 2A to 2C, the refractive power caused by the microstructures along a horizontal meridian H of the spectacle lens through a center of the central main visual area has a temporal maximum at a point C, which lies in a region in which the meridian intersects the area of ​​effect temporally from the central main visual area. Furthermore, the refractive power caused by the microstructures along the horizontal meridian H has a nasal maximum at a point D, which lies in a region in which the meridian intersects the area of ​​effect nasally from the central main visual area. Figure 2C schematically shows the course of the positive dioptric additional power along the horizontal meridian H. The nasal maximum is greater than the temporal maximum, preferably by approximately 0.5 dpt to approximately 1 dpt greater.It has been found that this asymmetry in the horizontal course of the positive-dioptric additional power is particularly effective and often improves long-term wearing comfort. This could be explained by the fact that the eye length to the retina is often somewhat shorter in the area temporal to the foveal region than at the same distance nasal to the foveal region. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment shown, the refractive power caused by the microstructures along a vertical meridian V of the spectacle lens through a center of the central main visual area has a lower maximum at a point A, which lies in an area where the meridian intersects the area of ​​effect below the central main visual area.Furthermore, the refractive power caused by the microstructures has an upper maximum along the vertical meridian V at a point B, which lies in an area where the meridian intersects the power sphere above the central main visual area. Figure 2B schematically shows the course of the positive dioptric additional power along the vertical meridian H. The upper maximum is greater than the lower maximum, preferably by approximately 0.5 dpt to approximately 1 dpt greater. It has been found that this asymmetry in the vertical course of the positive dioptric additional power is particularly effective and often improves long-term wearing comfort. This could be explained by the fact that the length of the eye to the retina is often somewhat shorter in the area below the foveal area than at the same distance above the foveal area.However, the values ​​of the nasal and / or temporal and / or upper and / or lower maximum can particularly preferably also be individually selected. Particularly preferably, a more precise progression of the positive dioptric additional power in the power range (in particular along the horizontal and / or vertical meridian) is individually adapted. Even though a peripheral region 34 with a substantially constant refractive power is schematically illustrated in Figs. 2A to 2C, the aspect of taking individual peripheral eye lengths into account is not limited to spectacle lenses with such a peripheral region. Rather, the power range can also extend to the peripheral edge of the spectacle lens without the need for a peripheral region with a substantially constant refractive power similar to the central main field of vision to be present outside.Rather, in this aspect, the spectacle lens preferably produces a focal point position in the entire region outside the central main viewing area that is essentially the same distance in front of the retina of the corresponding eye. Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate a further preferred embodiment of a somewhat more complex distribution of the positive dioptric additional power. Fig. 3A shows a plan view of the spectacle lens, while Fig. 3B shows a profile of the positive dioptric additional power along the vertical meridian V. The refractive power produced by the microstructures varies along at least one meridian (in this case at least the vertical meridian V) of the spectacle lens 10 through a center 36 of the central main viewing area 30 by at least approximately 10%, preferably at least approximately 25%, even more preferably at least approximately 50% of the maximum absolute value of the refractive power produced by the microstructures.Such a course can be individually adapted through several individual measurements of a peripheral eye length and / or peripheral refraction of the eye (particularly along the corresponding meridian). For this purpose, the eye can be measured with a device that can measure or derive central and peripheral biometric data (e.g. an optical biometer or the DNEye® Scanner 2 from Rodenstock). In particular, the central and peripheral eye length and / or the refraction of the eye can be determined objectively and / or subjectively, centrally and / or peripherally as biometric data. The peripheral data can be measured nasally and / or temporally and / or superiorly (light incidence from above) and / or inferiorly (light incidence from below). The eccentricity of the peripheral measurement can in particular be in the range from 5° to 40°, preferably in the range from approximately 10° to approximately 20°.The measurement can also be carried out at several eccentricities in order to obtain an individual course. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3A and 3B, the peripheral eye length is preferably taken into account individually for at least three eccentricities E1, E2 and E3. This data is used to locally adapt the refractive power of the microstructures, depending on the local eye length and / or refraction. The eccentricities in eye coordinates can be converted as a light incidence angle θ relative to a central, foveal light beam, preferably via θ = (θ: + <) ∗ ?@*(θ) into corresponding radial distances x of the peripheral light transmission points through the spectacle lens from the central light transmission point in glass coordinates, where “HSA” denotes the corneal vertex distance and “d” the distance from the cornea to the entrance pupil. For example, d = 3 mm can be a good general approximation.Example values ​​for x (in mm) for different HSA and different light incidence angles 6 are:. In a preferred embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4A, the power range 32 contains a near section 32-2, which lies within a segment of the spectacle lens and comprises a segment of the power range 32, which is bounded temporally by a vertical meridian line m1 downwards from the center of the central main field of vision 30 and nasally, in this case, by a meridian line m2, which is rotated nasally by approximately 30° to the vertical, downwards from the center of the central main field of vision. The optical properties of the segment of the power range encompassed by the near section 32-2 differ at least partially from the optical properties of the remaining power range 32-1, in particular with regard to their positive dioptric additional power and / or their contrast reduction.In this case, both the close-up section 32-2 and the remaining power range 32-1 can have microlenses (lenslets), which, considered individually, could even be comparable in terms of the amount of their additional positive dioptric power. Preferably, however, they are characteristically different, at least in their axial alignment. While the microlenses in the remaining power range 32-1 do not, for example, define a common focal point, the microlenses in the close-up section can be arranged and designed such that they at least partially form a common eye-side focal point. While the embodiment of Fig. 4A schematically represents a peripheral region 34 with an essentially constant power (i.e., in particular, essentially without an additional positive dioptric power), it is not necessary, particularly for this aspect, i.e., when using a close-up section, to provide such a peripheral section.An otherwise analogous variant without a peripheral region is schematically illustrated in Fig. 4B. Figs. 5A and 5B schematically compare exemplary differences in the constellations of such microlenses for the close-up section 32-2 in Fig. 5A and for the remaining effective range 32-1 in Fig. 5B. While in a coaxial alignment according to Fig. 5A all microlenses form a common focal point in front of the retina, in the non-coaxial alignment according to Fig. 5B the optical axes of the microlenses intersect on the retina, while each forming a focal point in front of the retina. Figs. 6A and 6B illustrate examples of spectacle lenses 10 with different protected microstructures in the form of microlenses 18. In the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 6A and 6B, the microlenses 18 are provided or shown by way of example only within the effective range 32.With regard to their effects and (alternative) distribution across the spectacle lens, in particular across the central main viewing area 30, the effective area 32, and the peripheral area, reference is preferably made to the remaining explanations in this description. A spectacle lens body 12 preferably has a front surface 14 and a rear surface 16 (eye-side surface). In the exemplary embodiments shown, microlenses 18 are formed on the front surface 14. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiments shown, the spectacle lens 10 has a protective layer 20 on the front surface 14 of the spectacle lens body 12, which protective layer, in particular, completely covers the microlenses 18. The protective layer has a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body, preferably by at least approximately 0.05.The refractive index of the protective layer 20 is particularly preferably smaller than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body 12. Such a configuration for microlenses with a positive dioptric additional power is shown in Fig. 6A. The microlenses form elevations of the spectacle lens body 12 on the front surface. The additional refractive power of the microlenses is achieved in particular by their (more strongly) curved surface and a refractive index transition between the spectacle lens body and the protective layer. Fig. 6B, on the other hand, shows an embodiment in which, for a positive dioptric additional power of the microlenses 18 with a refractive index of the protective layer 20 that is greater than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body 12, the microlenses are formed as depressions in the spectacle lens body 12. The representation of the microlenses 18 should be considered purely schematic. In particular, the respective microlenses 18 are not shown to scale.Typically, the microlenses 18 are significantly smaller than the spectacle lens body 12. Typical dimensions of preferred microlenses 18 are preferably approximately 0.5 to 50 µm in the axial direction (i.e., in the thickness direction of the spectacle lens) and approximately 0.3 to 3 mm in the lateral direction. Radii of curvature of the surfaces of the protected microlenses are typically in the range of approximately 5 to 50 mm. In particular, the radii of curvature of protected microlenses are regularly smaller than the radii of curvature of corresponding unprotected microlenses. Like the microlenses 18, the protective layer 20 in Figs. 6A and 6B is not shown to scale. Preferably, the protective layer 20 is substantially thinner than the spectacle lens body 12. Thus, the protective layer 20 is preferably thinner than about 1 mm, more preferably not thicker than about 0.5 mm, even more preferably not thicker than about 0.2 mm.In some preferred embodiments, the protective layer is no thicker than about 0.1 mm or even no thicker than about 50 µm. However, the protective layer is preferably at least thick enough to cover the microlenses 18 on the front surface 14 (first surface of the lens body) and thus protect them from damage and contamination.

Claims

Applicant: Rodenstock GmbH Our reference: R 3264 - hb / hb Claims 1. Spectacle lens (10) comprising: - a central main viewing area (30) with a substantially constant refractive power; and - an effective area (32) around the central main viewing area (30), wherein the effective area (32) has at least partially microstructures which in the effective area (32) -- cause a refractive power at least partially higher than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30) and / or -- at least partially reduce contrast.

2. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 1, which further comprises: - a peripheral area (34) outside the effective area (32) with a substantially constant refractive power.

3. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 2, wherein the substantially constant refractive power in the peripheral area (34) corresponds substantially to the substantially constant refractive power in the central main viewing area (30). 4.Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the peripheral area (34) lies outside a circular area with a radius of at least about 20 mm, preferably at least about 25 mm, particularly preferably at least about 30 mm, even more preferably at least about 35 mm, most preferably at least about 40 mm; and / or wherein the effective area (32) lies within a circular area with a radius of at most about 45 mm, preferably at most about 40 mm, particularly preferably at most about 35 mm, even more preferably at most about 30 mm, most preferably at most about 25 mm.

5. Spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the microstructures comprise microlenses.

6. Spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the refractive power caused by the microstructures in the effective area (32) is at least about 1 diopter, preferably at least about 2 diopters, more preferably at least about 3 diopters higher than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30); and / or wherein the refractive power caused by the microstructures in the effective area (32) is at most about 10 diopters, preferably at most about 5 diopters, more preferably at most about 4 diopters higher than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30). 7.Spectacle lens (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the refractive power caused by the microstructures varies along at least one meridian of the spectacle lens (10) through a center (36) of the central main viewing area (30) by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 25%, more preferably at least about 50% of the maximum absolute value of the refractive power caused by the microstructures. 8.Spectacle lens (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the refractive power caused by the microstructures along a horizontal meridian of the spectacle lens (10) through a center (36) of the central main viewing area (30) has a temporal maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the effective area temporally from the central main viewing area, and a nasal maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the effective area nasally from the central main viewing area, such that the nasal maximum is larger than the temporal maximum, preferably by about 0.5 diopters to about 1 diopter. 9.Spectacle lens (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the refractive power caused by the microstructures along a vertical meridian of the spectacle lens (10) through a center (36) of the central main viewing area (30) has a lower maximum in an area where the meridian intersects the effective area below the central main viewing area, and.

3. An upper maximum in a region where the meridian intersects the effective area above the central main viewing area, such that the upper maximum is larger than the lower maximum, preferably by about 0.5 diopters to about 1 diopter. 10.Spectacle lens (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the effective area (32) comprises: - at least one inner effective area (32a) preferably directly adjacent to the central main viewing area (30) with microstructures that effect at least partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30) and / or reduced contrast; - at least one outer effective area (32b) with microstructures that effect at least partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30) and / or reduced contrast; and - at least one intermediate area (32c) without microstructures between the inner and outer effective areas (32a, 32b) or with microstructures that effect lower refractive power or lower contrast reduction than the microstructures in the inner and outer effective areas (32a, 32b). 11.Spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the central main viewing area (30) comprises a circular area with a radius of at least about 3 mm, preferably at least about 5 mm, more preferably at least about 8 mm; and / or wherein the central main viewing area (30) lies within a circular area with a radius of at most about 25 mm, preferably at most about 20 mm, more preferably at most about 15 mm, most preferably at most about 10 mm.

12. Spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the central main viewing area (30) is oval, in particular substantially elliptical, and the ratio of the largest to the smallest diameter is in the range of about 1.2 to about 2.5, preferably in the range of about 1.25 to about 2. 4 13. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 12, wherein an axis of the largest diameter is inclined relative to the vertical of the spectacle lens at an angle in the range of about 5° to about 20°.

14. Spectacle lens (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the contrast reduction caused by the microstructures in the effective area (32) leads to a perception in the range of at least about 0.5, preferably in the range of at least about 0.7, and wherein the perception due to the contrast reduction is preferably not greater than about 0.9, more preferably not greater than about 0.

8. 15.Spectacle lens (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the effective area (32) includes a near-vision cutout (32-2) which lies within a segment of the spectacle lens (10) and comprises / occupies a segment of the effective area (10), wherein the optical properties of the segment of the effective area (32) comprised by the near-vision cutout (32-2) differ at least partially from the optical properties of the remaining effective area (32-1).

16. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 15, wherein the segment of the effective area (32) comprised by the near-vision cutout (32-2) exhibits substantially no contrast reduction.

17. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the segment of the effective area (32) comprised by the near-vision cutout (32-2) has substantially no microstructures. 18.Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the segment of the effective area (32) encompassed by the near-vision cutout (32-2) comprises microlenses that substantially share a common ocular focal point.

19. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 18, wherein the microstructures in the remaining effective area (32-1) comprise microlenses that do not share a common focal point.

5. Spectacle lens (10) according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the near vision segment lies within an area which is temporally bounded by a vertical meridian line (m1) downwards from the center of the central main viewing area and nasally by a meridian line (m2) rotated 45°, preferably 30°, more preferably 20° downwards from the center of the central main viewing area relative to the vertical.

21. Spectacle lens (10) particularly according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: - a spectacle lens body (12) with microstructures (18) having a positive dioptric effect on at least one first surface (14) of the spectacle lens body (12); and - a protective layer (20) arranged on the spectacle lens body (12) which at least partially covers the microstructures (18), wherein the protective layer (20) has a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body (12). 22.Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 21, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the protective layer (20) and the refractive index of the spectacle lens body (12) is at least about 0.05, preferably at least about 0.1, more preferably at least about 0.15, most preferably at least about 0.

2.

23. Spectacle lens (10) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the protective layer (20) has a thickness of at least about 5 µm, preferably at least about 10 µm, more preferably at least about 20 µm, particularly preferably at least about 100 µm, most preferably at least about 200 µm; and / or wherein the protective layer (20) has a thickness of at most about 1 mm, preferably at most about 0.5 mm, particularly preferably at most about 0.3 mm.

24. Method for individually calculating or manufacturing a spectacle lens according to any one of claims 1 to 23 for one eye of a user, comprising:. 6 - Providing user data that defines at least one central and at least one peripheral eye length; - Determining a target supplementary power value based on a base supplementary power value and the difference between the central eye length and the at least one peripheral eye length; and - Calculating or manufacturing the spectacle lens such that the microstructures in the action area (32) produce at least a partially higher refractive power than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30) by the target supplementary power. 25.The method of claim 24, wherein the user data defines a plurality of peripheral eye lengths for at least partially horizontally and / or vertically different directions of light incidence, and wherein the method comprises: - determining a respective target addition power value for each of the directions of light incidence based on the value of the base addition power and the respective difference between the central eye length and the respective peripheral eye length; - determining a light transmission point through the spectacle lens for each of the directions of light incidence; and - calculating or manufacturing the spectacle lens such that the microstructures in the light transmission points effect a refractive power greater by the respective target addition power than the refractive power in the central main viewing area (30). 26.Method for manufacturing a spectacle lens (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising: - providing microstructures (18) in the form of microlenses with dioptric additional effect on at least a first surface (14) of a spectacle lens body (12); - applying at least one protective layer (20) to the spectacle lens body (12) such that it at least partially covers the microstructures (18), wherein the protective layer (20) has a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body (12).

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