Bullet with circumferential and / or longitudinal groove

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bullet (1), in particular a full-metal-jacket bullet or a semi-jacketed bullet, for munition for example with a calibre of at most 20 mm, in particular of at most 13 mm, comprising an at least partly hollow or solid bullet body (3) with a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13) arranged on its inner and / or outer surface, merging into the adjacent inner and / or outer surfaces of the bullet body without any abrupt changes in contour and / or having a radius of at least 0.05 mm.

Description

[0001] Bullet with circumferential and / or longitudinal groove

[0002] The present invention relates to a bullet, in particular a full metal jacket bullet or a partial metal jacket bullet, preferably with a caliber of less than 20 mm, in particular less than 13 mm. Furthermore, the present invention also provides a tool, a system, and a method for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove into a bullet blank in order to produce a bullet, in particular according to the invention.

[0003] Bullets can be equipped with various functional grooves, e.g. fixation or holding grooves, relief grooves to reduce abrasion in the firearm barrel, deformation grooves as predetermined breaking points both in the circumferential and longitudinal direction of the bullet or even knurling grooves, for example for haptic purposes.

[0004] Circumferential functional grooves, such as the engagement groove for the case mouth, are typically produced on complex tool stations with various tool arrangements, such as cross-rolling or cross-wedge rolling. For example, military full metal jacket bullets are grooved to press the case mouth into the groove (crimp). This improves the retention of the bullet in the case, which is particularly advantageous in automatic weapons, as it can reduce the bullet's impact with the case.

[0005] However, the complex tooling design and the high number of tool parts have proven to be disadvantageous in the known processes. In particular, the known processes for introducing functional grooves into the bullet body do not allow for a straightforward increase in cycle rate, which negatively impacts profitability, for example, in mass production. Furthermore, it has been found that cross-rolling the bullet to introduce circumferential grooves, for example, results in a pronounced transition from the outer circumference of the bullet into the groove, which can have a detrimental effect on the bullet's performance, for example, on its interaction with the groove-field profile of a firearm barrel.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to produce functional grooves in projectiles in a manner that is simpler in terms of production technology, wherein in particular the impairment of the performance of the projectile by the functional grooves is reduced.

[0007] The problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

[0008] According to this, a bullet for ammunition is provided, for example, with a caliber of no more than 20 mm, in particular no more than 13 mm. The bullet may be a full metal jacket bullet or a semi-metal jacket bullet. The bullet may be made of brass (e.g., CuZnO), copper, tombac (e.g., CuZnIo or CuZnS), or steel, in particular plated or coated steel. However, the bullet may also be made of aluminum or tin.

[0009] The projectile according to the invention comprises a projectile body, which can be solid or at least partially hollow. The projectile body can have a projectile tail and a projectile front, which has a cavity open in the firing direction and bounded by a projectile wall. The projectile body has an outer surface oriented toward the surroundings. If the projectile body has a hollow section, the projectile body further has an inner surface, which can be arranged on a projectile wall bounding the cavity.

[0010] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the inner and / or outer surface of the projectile body is provided with at least one circumferential and / or longitudinal groove that seamlessly transitions into the adjacent inner and / or outer surfaces of the projectile body and / or that has a radius of at least 0.05 mm, in particular of at most 0.1 mm. The circumferential and / or longitudinal groove, in particular its groove base, has a reduced diameter compared to the caliber of the projectile and the inner and / or outer surfaces of the projectile body adjacent to the groove. The groove can, for example, be an engagement groove for the case mouth that runs completely around the circumference in the circumferential direction. Longitudinal grooves that extend in the longitudinal direction can, for example, be deformation and / or relief grooves. The circumferential and / or longitudinal groove is preferably formed by grooves, in particular circumferential grooves or longitudinal grooves.Due to the absence of contour jumps and / or the large radius of the groove, there is little material displacement on the bullet surface, which could lead to local increases in hardness and material stresses. Furthermore, the grooves produced in this way can be manufactured at a higher production speed, which allows for an increase in the cycle rate for the inventive bullets, thus resulting in a more cost-effective bullet overall. The resulting smooth transition of the bullet surfaces into the groove reduces the influence of the existing groove on the bullet's performance.

[0011] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a bullet, in particular a full metal jacket bullet or a partial metal jacket bullet, is provided for ammunition, for example, with a caliber of no more than 20 mm, in particular no more than 13 mm. The bullet can be made of brass (for example CuZnO), copper, tombac (for example CuZnIO or CuZnS), or steel, in particular plated or coated steel. However, the bullet can also be made of aluminum or tin.The projectile comprises a projectile body that is at least partially hollow or solid and has a circumferential groove arranged on its inner and / or outer surface, along the length of which a plurality of radial projections extending in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, which can be referred to as lugs, are arranged at a particularly constant distance from one another, and / or a longitudinal groove, along the length of which a plurality of radial projections extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the projectile are arranged at a particularly constant distance from one another. In particular, in the case of functional grooves that serve as holding or gripping grooves, for example for the case mouth, the projections have a positive effect on the holding or fastening force. The spaced radial projections can achieve a positive and / or non-positive connection, particularly with correspondingly structured components to be connected.For deformation grooves designed to achieve a desired deformation of the bullet, the deformation behavior can be fine-tuned using the radial projections. For example, a predefined, gradual deformation can be achieved due to the varying wall thickness along the groove, thus providing resistance to deformation.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment of the bullet according to the invention, the radial projections have a width of no more than 0.2 mm in the direction of extension of the groove and / or are dimensioned such that they protrude less than 0.03 mm beyond the adjacent inner and / or outer surfaces of the bullet body. This ensures that they do not negatively affect the performance of the bullet, in particular, for example, barrel wear and / or penetration resistance through the firearm barrel.

[0013] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a tool, in particular a grooving tool, is provided for introducing circumferential and / or longitudinal cracks into a bullet blank, in particular a metallic bullet blank, in order to produce a bullet designed in particular according to one of the previously described aspects and / or exemplary embodiments. The tool according to the invention can be configured to be used in a system according to the invention, in particular a grooving station, and / or to cooperate with a punch-die arrangement to groove the bullet blank.

[0014] The tool according to the invention comprises an elongated, in particular rotationally shaped, hollow body, in particular a sleeve body, for receiving the bullet blank. Alternatively, the hollow body can be inserted into a cavity of the bullet body. The hollow body can be at least partially matched to the shape of the bullet blank, in particular be designed to complement its shape. For example, the hollow body can comprise an ogivoid-shaped receiving area into which the bullet blank can be at least partially inserted and in particular can be held. The hollow body has an inwardly or outwardly projecting, in particular circumferential, grooving nose. The grooving nose is designed to press the groove into the bullet blank. The grooving nose is arranged in particular in the region of the bullet blank receptacle of the hollow body.

[0015] According to a further aspect of the invention, the hollow body is slit in the longitudinal direction in such a way that when a force is applied from the outside, if the grooving nose is arranged on the inside, or from the inside, if the grooving nose is arranged on the outside, the hollow body is in particular elastically deformable, in particular compressible or expandable, in such a way that the grooving nose can press the circumferential and / or longitudinal cracks into the bullet blank. During the deformation of the hollow body, a deformation restoring force, in particular elastic, develops, which means that the hollow body can be reused after a grooving process and / or returns to its original shape. The pressing force is exerted on the tool from the outside, and deformation of the hollow body is enabled via the slit in the hollow body, so that the pressing force is exerted on the bullet blank via the grooving nose.can be transferred in order to deform it, whereby the circumferential and / or longitudinal cracks are introduced. The tool according to the invention is characterized, among other things, by the fact that it has a simple structure and fewer individual parts. It can be integrated into a transfer tool or into a station of a transfer press and can be used on a single grooving station, in particular according to the invention. Due to the simple manufacturing technology of the tool, high cycle rates can be generated, so that the tool is also well suited for mass part production. Furthermore, the tool is characterized by its compactness. Overall, it only needs to be dimensioned slightly larger than the bullet blanks to be machined. The outer dimension of the tool is in the range of 30-50%, in particular in the range of 35-45% larger than the outer diameter of the bullet blank to be machined.

[0016] According to an exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the hollow body has a plurality of through-slots, particularly arranged at a constant distance from one another, extending in the longitudinal direction of the hollow body, and a plurality of bending wings separated by two through-slots each. The bending wings can be of the same shape and / or size. Each bending wing is defined by two through-slots. The through-slots are to be understood such that the slits extend completely from the outer surface of the hollow body to the inner surface of the hollow body, which defines the cavity.

[0017] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the through-slots extend from a particularly open groove end of the hollow body over at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, 70% or 80%, of the longitudinal extent of the hollow body to a respective slot base, at the axial height of which a flexural joint is fixed, around which an associated flexural wing can pivot, in particular elastically. Viewed in the circumferential direction of the hollow body, the slot base of the through-slots and the flexural joint of the flexural wings thus alternate, in particular evenly. When force is applied to the hollow body to deform the hollow body in order to press the groove nose into the bullet blank, the flexural wings pivot, in particular elastically, about their respective flexural joints.

[0018] In an exemplary development of the tool according to the invention, the grooving nose is arranged in the region of the groove end. The through slots can divide the grooving nose into several segments distributed in the circumferential direction. For example, the slitting of the hollow body with an internal grooving nose causes compression of the hollow body due to the external force, so that the grooving nose segments approach each other, particularly by the size of the through slots. This movement amplitude of the flexible wings in the region of the groove end, particularly in the region of the grooving nose, determines the depth of the circumferential or longitudinal groove.

[0019] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the through-slots extend over at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, 70%, or 80% of the longitudinal extent of the hollow body such that an unslotted section is formed on each end side, in particular the opening side, of the hollow body. The unslotted section can extend from the end face of the hollow body by at least 5% of its longitudinal extent per end side of the hollow body. An advantage of the design of the hollow body with two unslotted sections at the ends compared to the slotted design is, in particular, that the hollow body has greater stability or strength, which in particular leads to greater longevity.

[0020] In a further exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention, each through-slot opens into a slot base on each side, at the axial height of which a flexural joint is fixed, around which an associated flexural wing can pivot, in particular elastically. With regard to the functioning of the flexural wings and in particular of the flexural joint, reference can be made to the preceding explanations. In contrast to the slotted hollow body variant, in the hollow body variant with the unprotected sections at the ends, the externally applied force for deforming the hollow body is distributed between two flexural joints per flexural wing. Similar to the previous embodiment, the flexural wings basically function analogously to the functional principle of leaf spring elements.

[0021] In a further exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention, each through slot opens into two opposite slot bases, and the grooving nose is arranged between the two slot bases at a distance of 20% to 80%, in particular in the range of 40% to 60%, preferably centrally. Depending on the positioning of the grooving nose, the load on the respective flexural joints can be adjusted or adapted.

[0022] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention, the flexible joints are made from a single piece with the respectively associated flexible wing. In particular, the hollow body is made entirely from a single piece, in particular from a single piece of metal. The hollow body can, for example, be produced from a blank by turning with subsequent heat treatment and can be finished by grinding and, if necessary, die-sinking. The slots can then be produced by wire erosion with a wire diameter of approximately 0.1 mm. For example, the flexible joints are designed as film hinges and / or at least operate according to the functional principle of a film hinge, without the need for a local wall thickness reduction compared to the remaining flexible wing.

[0023] According to an exemplary development of the tool according to the invention, the hollow body has an abutment, such as a particularly circumferential projection, in particular an annular projection, approximately at the axial height of the grooving nose, which can be subjected to a force for deforming the hollow body, in particular for preferably elastically pivoting the bending wings, in particular about their bending joints. The abutment can be designed as a defined stop for a punch-die assembly, for example of a system according to the invention, or can interact with it, so that with a coordinated relative movement between the tool and the punch-die assembly, the punch-die assembly engages with the abutment, whereupon the deformation of the hollow body is initiated.

[0024] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a system, in particular a grooving station, is provided for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove into a bullet blank in order to produce a bullet designed in particular according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments.

[0025] The system according to the invention comprises a tool designed in particular according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments, such as a grooving tool having a grooving nose with which the circumferential and / or longitudinal groove can be introduced into the bullet blank. With regard to the tool, reference can be made to the preceding explanations.

[0026] Furthermore, the system according to the invention comprises a punch-die arrangement for holding the bullet blank.

[0027] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the tool and the punch-die assembly are coordinated with one another and / or the tool and the punch-die assembly can interact in such a way that the punch-die assembly can, in particular, elastically deform, in particular compress or expand, the tool for introducing the circumferential and / or longitudinal groove into the bullet blank. For example, the force required to deform the tool, which in turn causes the groove to be introduced into the bullet blank, is caused by the interaction of the punch-die assembly with the tool.According to an exemplary development of the system according to the invention, the die has a particularly shaped receptacle for the bullet blank, and the punch has a driver that is assigned to the tool in such a way that, during a particularly translational relative movement of the die and punch, the driver exerts a compressive or pressing force on the tool in order to deform it. The deformation of the tool, in turn, has the effect that the force required to groove the bullet blank, in particular the deformation force, is available. When using the system according to the invention, no rotating bearing of the bullet blank and / or a component of the system is necessary to groove the bullet blank; a translational relative movement between the punch and die is sufficient.

[0028] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention, the punch, in particular the driver, has a conical guide surface, via which a continuously increasing compressive or pressing force can be generated. During the translational relative movement of the die and punch, in particular during the retraction or separation of the punch and die, the driver increasingly wedges itself into a corresponding die surface by means of its conical guide surface, so that the force required to deform the bullet blank to create the groove, in particular the deformation force, is continuously built up.

[0029] According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a method for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove into a bullet blank is provided, in particular a grooving method, in order to produce a bullet designed in particular according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments.

[0030] In the method according to the invention, a bullet blank is inserted into a tool designed in particular according to the invention, in particular a system designed in accordance with the invention, and the bullet blank is locally grooved, in particular squeezed, by a particularly elastic deformation, in particular compression or spreading, of the tool, forming the circumferential and / or longitudinal cracks.

[0031] Preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

[0032] In the following, further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure i is a schematic sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention;

[0035] Figure 3 shows the tool from Fig. 2 in a sectional view;

[0036] Figure 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive

[0037] tool;

[0038] Figure 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive

[0039] tool;

[0040] Figure 6 is a sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention before grooving a bullet blank;

[0041] Figure 7 shows the system from Fig. 6 during grooving of the bullet blank;

[0042] Figure 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;

[0043] Figure 9 is a detailed view of area IX of the projectile from Fig. 8;

[0044] Figure io is a detailed view of area X of the projectile from Fig. 8;

[0045] Figure ii shows a further exemplary embodiment of a tool according to the invention;

[0046] Figure 12 is a detailed view of the area XII of the tool from Figure 11; Figure 13 is a side view of another exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention; and

[0047] Figure 14 shows the projectile from Fig. 13 in a view from the direction of the projectile nose.

[0048] In the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a projectile according to the invention is generally provided with the reference number 1, a tool according to the invention for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal crack into a projectile blank is generally provided with the reference number 10 and a system according to the invention for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal crack into a projectile blank is generally provided with the reference number 100.

[0049] Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a system 100 according to the invention. The system 100 according to the invention serves to produce a projectile 1 according to the invention, which is also shown in Figure 1.

[0050] The bullet 1 can, in particular, be a full metal jacket bullet or a partial metal jacket bullet. The bullet 1 comprises a bullet body 3 having a cylindrical tail 5 and an ogive-shaped nose 7. The bullet body 3 can be solid or have a cavity (not shown) in the nose 7 that is open towards a bullet nose 9, so that the bullet body 3 is hollow in sections. On an outer side 11 of the bullet 1, a circumferential groove 13 is pressed in, which has a smaller diameter than the outer side 11 of the bullet 1. The circumferential groove 13 can, for example, be provided as an engagement groove for the case mouth of a case.

[0051] The system 100 for producing the projectile 1 according to the invention from a projectile blank comprises the following main components: a tool 10 according to the invention and a punch-die assembly 15, which cooperates with the tool 10 according to the invention or is coordinated with it to introduce the circumferential groove 13 into a projectile blank. The punch-die assembly 15 comprises a punch 17 and a die 19, which are translationally movable relative to one another in a pressing direction P. In Figure 1, the die 19 is rotationally shaped and has two shoulders on an outer side 21, at which the outer diameter of the die 19 changes abruptly. Viewed from a bottom side 23 of the die 19 in the direction of an upper side 25 of the die 19 facing the punch 17, a first shoulder 27 serves as an axial support surface for the tool 10 according to the invention.Further towards the top side 25, a second shoulder 29 is provided, which results in an air gap 31 being created between the outer side 21 of the die 19 and the tool 10 according to the invention, which allows the tool 10 according to the invention to be compressed in the radial direction, transverse to the pressing direction P, and to be elastically deformed or compressed. Between the shoulder 27 and the shoulder 29, the tool 10 according to the invention lies flat against the outer side 21 of the die 19 and is thus fixed to the die 19 in the pressing direction P and in the radial direction. A receptacle 33 for holding the bullet blank or the finished bullet 1 is formed on the top side 25 of the die 19. The receptacle 33 is adapted to the shape of the bullet nose 7 and is thus ogive-shaped.

[0052] The punch 17 in Figure 1 is also designed to be rotational and has a cavity 37 on an end face 35 facing the die 19. The cavity 37 and a wall 39 of the punch 17 delimiting the cavity 37 are dimensioned such that at least one side of the tool 10 facing the punch is received in the cavity 39 and is radially compressed by the wall 39 when the punch 17 is moved further in the pressing direction P towards the die 19 and the punch 17 and the die 19 move into one another. Starting from the end face 35, the cavity 37 is initially formed by a conical wall section 41 and then merges into a cylindrical wall section 43. As the punch 17 moves in the pressing direction P, a continuously increasing compressive force is exerted in the radial direction on the tool 10 by the conical wall section 41.The conical wall section 41 can thus be referred to as a conical guide surface.

[0053] The structure of a tool 10 according to the invention for creating a circumferential groove in the outer side 11 of a bullet blank is described below using the exemplary embodiment in Figures 2 and 3. The tool 10 comprises an elongated, sleeve-shaped hollow body 45, which is made from a single piece, for example from metal. The hollow body 45 is hollow-cylindrical and has a hollow body wall 47 with a constant wall thickness, which delimits a cylindrical cavity 49. The wall thickness can be, for example, approximately 2 mm. On an end face 51 or a groove end 51 of the hollow body 45, a circumferential grooving nose 53 is formed, which protrudes from the hollow body wall 47 into the interior of the hollow body 45. For example, the grooving nose 53 can protrude approximately 4 mm into the interior of the hollow body 45 in the radial direction, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the tool 10.In the embodiment in Figures 2 and 3, the grooving nose 53 has a rounded portion 55 at the end so that a groove with a round cross-section can be produced.

[0054] The hollow body 45 has a plurality of through slots 57 oriented in the longitudinal direction L. The through slots 57 extend radially completely through the entire hollow body wall 47 and through the grooved nose 53 and divide these completely into a plurality of separate segments 58 in the region of the grooved nose 53 and flexible wings 59 in the region of the hollow body wall 47. In other words, the through slots 57 extend over the entire wall thickness of the hollow body 45 from an outer side of the hollow body 45 to an inner side of the hollow body 45. In the longitudinal direction L, the through slots 57 extend in a straight line from the groove end 51 by at least 50% of a longitudinal extent of the hollow body 45 and each end in a slot base 61. At the axial height of the slot base 61, each flexible wing 59 has a flexible joint 63.Because the hollow body 45 is formed in one piece, the flexible joints 63 are each formed in one piece with the associated flexible wing 59 and are designed as film hinges. When the tool 10 is compressed at the groove end 51 or in the area of ​​the groove nose 53, the flexible wings 59 can each pivot elastically about their associated flexible joint 63. At a hollow body end 65 opposite the groove end 51, an unprotected section 67 is provided, with which the tool 10 rests against the die 19 of the system 100 according to the invention in Figure 1.

[0055] In the exemplary embodiment in Figures 2 and 3, a total of 20 through-slots 57 and thus 20 flexible wings 59 are formed, which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and arranged at a constant distance from one another. The flexible wings 59 are each delimited in the circumferential direction by two through-slots 57 and are all of the same size and shape. It should be understood that more or fewer than 20 through-slots can be provided. Preferably, between 12 and 36 through-slots can be provided. For example, the width of the through-slots can be between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm.

[0056] To create a groove in a bullet blank, the bullet blank is inserted from the grooving end 51 of the tool 10 in the longitudinal direction L into the cavity 49 of the hollow body 45 until the point on the bullet blank where the groove is to be created is positioned in the longitudinal direction L at the axial height of the grooving nose 53. When an external force is applied, the flexible wings 59 pivot elastically about the respective flexible joint 63 and are elastically deformed or compressed, so that the segments 58 of the grooving nose 53 are pressed together in the radial direction and approach one another by the width of the through slots 57. As a result, the segments 58 of the grooving nose 53 are pressed into the bullet blank material and press the desired groove. Thus, the tool 10 according to the invention does not require any rotation between the tool 10 and the bullet blank in order to groove the bullet blank.As soon as the external force is no longer applied, the flexible wings 59 return to their original shape due to the deformation restoring force generated by the elastic deformation and the finished projectile 1 can be removed from the tool 10.

[0057] In a bullet blank with a cavity in the nose, it can also be provided to create a groove on the inside of a wall of the bullet blank that defines the cavity. The tool according to the invention is then inserted into the cavity of the bullet blank. In this embodiment, the grooving nose is arranged on the outside of the slotted hollow body and preferably protrudes outwards perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. To press the groove, a force is applied to the tool from the inside, for example with a conical punch, so that the flexible wings expand elastically and create an internal groove in the bullet blank on the inside of the wall.

[0058] Figure 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive

[0059] Tool 10 is shown. The tool 10 in Figure 4 differs from the tool in Figures 2 and 3 in that a radially outwardly projecting, circumferential projection 69 is provided on the hollow body end 65, which leads to a larger support surface for the tool 10 on the die 19 of a system 100 according to the invention and additionally provides a support surface 71 opposite the hollow body end 65 for further components of the system 100. The tool 10 also differs in that an abutment 73 in the form of a circumferential annular projection is provided at the axial height of the grooving nose 53, at the grooving end 51. In this embodiment, the force for elastically deforming the tool 10 is applied from the outside to the annular projection 73. The annular projection 73 serves as a defined stop, for example, for the punch-die assembly 15.The tool 10 also differs in that the end of the grooving nose 53 is not rounded, but rather features a flat surface 56. Thus, a groove pressed with the tool 10 according to the embodiment shown in Figure 4 has a rectangular cross-section.

[0060] Figure 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a tool 10 according to the invention, which differs from the previous embodiments in that an unslotted section 67 is also provided on the end face 51 of the hollow body 45. Both unslotted sections 67 extend by more than 5% of the longitudinal extent of the hollow body 45 from the respective end of the hollow body 45 in the longitudinal direction L toward the center of the hollow body 45. In this embodiment, the through-slots 57 each open into two opposite slot bases 61. Each flexible wing 59 thus has two opposite flexible joints 63 in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the through-slots 57 are arranged centrally on the hollow body 45 in the longitudinal direction L and extend over at least 50% of the longitudinal extent of the hollow body 45.In this embodiment, the groove nose 53 and the abutment 73 are arranged in the longitudinal direction L in the middle between the two slot bases 61. Due to the additional unslotted section 67 on the end face 51 and the two bending joints 61 per bending wing 59, the hollow body 45 has greater stability and strength, which increases the longevity of the tool 10.

[0061] Figures 6 and 7 show a further embodiment of a system 100 according to the invention, wherein the system 100 is shown in Figure 6 before the introduction of a circumferential groove 13 into a bullet blank 2 and in Figure 7 during the introduction of the circumferential groove 13. Like the system in Figure 1, the system 100 comprises a tool 10 according to the invention, a punch 17, and a die 19.

[0062] The die 19 essentially corresponds to the die 19 from Figure 1, but differs in that only one shoulder 27 is provided on the outer side 21 of the die 19, on which the tool 10 rests. The reason for this is that an annular projection 73 is provided in the region of the grooving nose 53 on the tool 10 used in Figure 6, and thus an air gap already exists between the tool 10 and the outer side 21 of the die 19, which enables elastic deformation of the tool 10, so that no further shoulder is required.

[0063] In this embodiment, the die 19 stands on a base plate 75 of the system 100. Also fastened to the base plate 75 is a holder 77 with a cylindrical through-bore 79, in which the die 19 and the tool 10 are arranged, for example with screws. Two steps are provided in the through-bore 79, at which the diameter of the through-bore 79 changes abruptly. A first step 81, viewed from the direction of the base plate 75, serves to fix a holder 83 for the die 19 and the tool 10. The holder 83 rests on the step 69 of the tool 10 and thus presses the tool 10 and the die 19 against the base plate 75. A spring 85 rests on the holder 83, which preloads a pressure piece 87 counter to the pressing direction P. Opposite the pressing direction P, the movement of the pressure piece 87 is limited by a second shoulder 89 of the through hole 79.

[0064] To create a circumferential groove 13 in the bullet blank 2, the bullet blank 2 must first be placed in the receptacle 33 of the die 19. For this purpose, a two-part punch 91 is provided, which rests on the top and bottom of the bullet blank and is movable in the pressing direction P relative to the die 19 and the punch 17. When the bullet blank 2 is in the receptacle 33, the punch 17 is moved towards the die 19 in the pressing direction P. The punch 17 presses with its front side 35 against the pressure piece 87 and moves this against the preload force of the spring 85 in the pressing direction P. As a result, the pressure piece 87 is pushed over the tool 10 and compresses it in the radial direction. As explained with reference to Figures 2 and 3, the grooving nose 53 of the tool 10 presses a circumferential groove 13 into the outer side 11 of the bullet blank 2.

[0065] After grooving, the punch 17 is retracted against the pressing direction P, and the spring 85 also pushes the pressure piece 87 away from the tool 10, also against the pressing direction P, which thereby returns the tool to its original shape. Using the punch 91, the finished projectile 1 can then be moved out of the holder 33 and removed.

[0066] It can be provided that the pressure piece 87 is driven by a drive (not shown) such that it executes an eccentric movement during the pressing process. This can ensure that the groove is reliably formed around the entire circumference of the bullet blank.

[0067] Figure 8 shows a bullet 1 according to the invention with a circumferential groove 13 introduced into the outer side 11. With reference to Figures 9 and 10, the geometry of the circumferential groove 13 is described below. Based on this geometry, it can be identified on the finished bullet 1 that the circumferential groove 13 was produced by pressing using a tool 10 according to the invention. It should be understood that the statements also apply in the same way to a longitudinal groove produced using a tool according to the invention.

[0068] In this embodiment, the circumferential groove 13 has a round cross-section. A radius of at least 0.05 mm is formed at the transition 93 between the circumferential groove 13 and the outer wall 11 of the projectile 1. The transition 93 between the circumferential groove 13 and the outer wall 11 is thus formed without a contour origin and does not have an edge, as occurs with rolled grooves in the prior art (shown in dashed lines in Figure 9). The transition 93 is more uniform in the projectile 1 according to the invention, so that the performance or flight characteristics of the projectile 1 are not impaired by the circumferential groove 13. When the groove is pressed with the tool 10 according to the invention, the individual flexible wings 59 and thus the segments 58 of the grooving nose 53 are pressed against one another or moved toward one another as described.Before the segments 58 fully abut one another, however, bullet blank material penetrates between the segments 58, which is formed into a plurality of radial projections 95, which can also be referred to as flags and are arranged at a constant distance from one another corresponding to the width in the circumferential direction of the segments 58 of the grooving nose 53. Such a radial projection 95 is shown schematically in Figure 10. The radial projections 95 extend in the longitudinal direction LG of the bullet and thus perpendicular to the circumferential groove 13. The radial projections 95 have a width B, oriented in the direction of extension of the groove, of at most 0.2 mm and a depth T in the radial direction of less than 0.03 mm. The radial projections 95 thus protrude by at most 0.03 mm beyond the outer surface 11 of the bullet 1.

[0069] Figures 11 and 12 show a further exemplary embodiment of a tool 10 according to the invention. This differs from the preceding tools in the shape of the grooving nose 53. This essentially has a flat surface 56, like the tool from Figure 4. In addition, a conically shaped section 101 with a continuously decreasing inner diameter is provided on the side 99 of the grooving nose 53 facing away from the groove end 51. In principle, any other shapes of the grooving nose and / or projections or depressions on the grooving nose are also possible in order to produce grooves with a desired geometry. Furthermore, the tool 10 according to Figures 11 and 12 differs in that the wall 47 of the hollow body 45 does not have the same wall thickness over its entire longitudinal extent.At the hollow body end 65, the hollow body 45 in this embodiment has a significantly greater wall thickness, which can increase the strength of the tool 10 and serve as a support surface for additional components of a system 100 according to the invention. Also provided at the hollow body end 65 is an inner shoulder 97, with which the tool 10 can be attached, for example, to a die or a base plate of a system 100.

[0070] Figures 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention. In this embodiment, the projectile 1 has six longitudinal grooves 14 pressed into the outer side 11 of the projectile nose 7 and extending in the longitudinal direction LG of the projectile 1. The longitudinal grooves 14 are arranged at a constant distance from one another and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The longitudinal grooves 14 can, for example, be deformation and / or relief grooves. It should be understood that, in addition to the longitudinal grooves 14, one or more circumferential grooves 13 can also be provided on the projectile in Figures 13 and 14.

[0071] The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims may be important both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments.

[0072] List of reference symbols

[0073] 1 projectile io tool

[0074] 100 system

[0075] 2 bullet blanks

[0076] 3 projectile bodies

[0077] 5-story rear

[0078] 7 storey bow

[0079] 9 Nosepiece

[0080] 11 Projectile body exterior

[0081] 13 circumferential groove

[0082] 14 longitudinal groove

[0083] 15 punch-die arrangement

[0084] 17 stamps

[0085] 19 Die

[0086] 21 Die outside

[0087] 23 Bottom of the die

[0088] 25 Die top

[0089] 27 paragraph

[0090] 29 paragraph

[0091] 31 Air gap

[0092] 33 recording

[0093] 35 Stamp front side

[0094] 37 Cavity

[0095] 39 Wall

[0096] 41 conical wall section

[0097] 43 cylindrical wall section

[0098] 45 hollow bodies

[0099] 47 Hollow core wall

[0100] 49 Cavity

[0101] 51 groove ends

[0102] 53 Groove 55 Curve

[0103] 56 area

[0104] 57 Through slot

[0105] 58 segments

[0106] 59 flexible wings

[0107] 61 Schlitzgrund

[0108] 63 Flexural joint

[0109] 65 hollow body end

[0110] 67 unprotected section

[0111] 69 paragraph

[0112] 71 contact surface

[0113] 73 ring projection

[0114] 75 base plate

[0115] 77 recording

[0116] 79 Through hole

[0117] 81 paragraph

[0118] 83 Bracket

[0119] 85 spring

[0120] 87 Pressure piece

[0121] 89 paragraph

[0122] 91 printing stamps

[0123] 93 Groove transition

[0124] 95 radial projection

[0125] 97 paragraph

[0126] 99 Grooved nose end

[0127] 101 conical section

[0128] L longitudinal direction

[0129] LG Longitudinal direction of the projectile

[0130] P Pressing direction

Claims

REQUIREMENTS 1. Projectile (i), in particular full metal jacket projectile or semi-jacketed projectile, for ammunition, for example, with a caliber of not more than 20 mm, in particular not more than 13 mm, comprising a projectile body (3) that is at least partially hollow or solid with a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14) arranged on its inner and / or outer surface (11), which transitions seamlessly into the adjacent inner and / or outer surfaces (11) of the projectile body and / or which has a radius of at least 0.05 mm.

2. Projectile (1), in particular according to claim 1, in particular a full metal jacket projectile or a semi-jacketed projectile, for ammunition, for example, with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular of at most 13 mm, comprising a projectile body (3) that is at least partially hollow or solid, with a circumferential groove (13) arranged on its inner and / or outer surface (11), in the course of which several radial projections (95) extending in the longitudinal direction (LG) of the projectile are arranged at a particularly constant distance from one another, and / or a longitudinal groove (14), in the course of which several radial projections (95) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction (LG) of the projectile are arranged at a particularly constant distance from one another.

3. Floor (1) according to claim 2, wherein the radial projections (95) have a width (B) of at most 0.2 mm and / or project less than 0.03 mm in the radial direction beyond the inner or outer surface (11).

4. Tool (10), in particular a grooving tool, for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14) into a projectile blank (2) in order to produce a projectile (1) designed in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an elongated hollow body (45), in particular a sleeve body, for receiving the projectile blank (2) or for inserting it into a cavity of the projectile blank (2) with an inwardly or outwardly projecting, in particular circumferential, grooving nose (53), wherein the hollow body (45) is slotted in the longitudinal direction (L) such that, upon application of a force from the outside or inside, the hollow body (45) is in such a way as to be deformable, in particular elastically, compressible or expandable, such that the grooving nose (53) circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14) can be pressed into the projectile blank (2). - Tool (10) according to claim 4, wherein the hollow body (45) has several through slots (57) extending in the longitudinal direction (L), in particular arranged at a constant distance from one another, and several bending wings (59) separated by two through slots (57). Tool (10) according to claim 5, wherein the through slots (57) extend from a groove end (51) of the hollow body (45) over at least 50% of the longitudinal extent of the hollow body (45) to a respective slot base (61), at the axial height of which a bending joint (63) is fixed, about which an associated bending wing (59) is pivotably, in particular elastically. Tool (10) according to claim 6, wherein the groove nose (53) is arranged in the region of the groove end (51), wherein in particular the through slots (57) divide the groove nose (53) into several circumferentially distributed segments (58).A tool (10) according to claim 5, wherein the through slots (57) extend over at least 50% of the longitudinal extent of the hollow body (45) such that an unslotted section (67) is formed at each of the two end faces (51, 65) of the hollow body (45). A tool (10) according to claim 8, wherein each through slot (57) opens into two opposing slot bases (61), at the axial height of each of which a bending hinge (63) is fixed, about which an associated bending wing (59) is pivotably, in particular elastically. A tool (10) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein each through slot (57) opens into two opposing slot bases (61) and the grooved nose (53) is arranged in the range of 20% to 80% of a distance, in particular in the range of 40% to 60%, preferably centrally, between the two slot bases (61). .Tool (10) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the bending joints (63) are manufactured in one piece with the respective associated bending wing (59), wherein in particular the hollow body (45) is manufactured in one piece and / or wherein the bending joints (63) are designed as a film hinge. Tool (10) according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein the hollow body (45) has an abutment (73) at the axial height of the groove nose (53) for deformation. of the hollow body (45), in particular for preferably elastic pivoting of the bending wings (59) especially about the bending joints (63), can be subjected to a force. A system (100), in particular a grooving station, for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14) into a projectile blank (2) in order to produce a projectile (1) designed in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a tool (10) designed in particular according to one of claims 4 to 12, which has a grooving nose (53), and a punch-die arrangement (15) for holding the projectile blank (2), wherein the tool (10) and the punch-die arrangement (15) are coordinated such that the punch-die arrangement (15) can deform the tool (10) in a particularly elastic manner, in particular compress or spread it, for introducing the circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14) into the projectile blank (2).The device (100) according to claim 13, wherein the die (19) has a particularly form-fitting receptacle (33) for the projectile blank (2) and the punch (17) has a driver (39, 87) which is associated with the tool (10) such that, in the case of a particularly translational relative movement of the die (19) and punch (17), the driver (39, 87) exerts a compressive force on the tool (10) in order to deform it. The device (100) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the punch (17), in particular the driver (39, 87), has a conical guide surface (41) via which a continuously increasing compressive force can be generated.Method for introducing a circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14) into a projectile blank (2) in order to produce a projectile (1) designed in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a projectile blank (2) is inserted into a tool (10) designed in particular according to one of claims 4 to 12, preferably a device (100) designed according to one of claims 13 to 15, and wherein the projectile blank (2) is locally grooved by a particularly elastic deformation, in particular compression or expansion, of the tool (10), forming the circumferential and / or longitudinal groove (13, 14).

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