Bispecific binding protein comprising Anti-baff antibody and use thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023910846
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-04-23
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-05
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Figure PCTCN2023142833-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2023142833-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2023142833-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Bispecific Binding Protein Comprising Anti-BAFF Antibody and Use thereofTechnical Field
[0001] The present invention generally relates to bispecific binding proteins for targeting B cells and / or complement-mediated pathway. In addition, the present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules encoding such bispecific binding proteins, and vectors and host cells comprising such nucleic acid molecules. The invention further relates to methods for producing the bispecific binding proteins of the invention, and to methods of using these bispecific binding proteins in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Background Art
[0002] Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disabling and potentially deadly autoimmune disease. Multiple cytokines, signaling pathways, and immune cells are dysregulated in SLE.
[0003] The mainstay of treatments for SLE mainly relies on corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, which have a series of unavoidable side effects. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to search novel therapeutic targets for better treatment with favorable efficacy and minor side effects.
[0004] B cell activation factor (BAFF, also named as BLyS) is a member of the TNF family and has both a membrane form and soluble form (Karpusas M, Cachero T, Qian F, Boriack-Sjodin A, Mullen C, Strauch K, et al. Crystal structure of extracellular human BAFF, a TNF family member that stimulates B lymphocytes. J Mol Biol. (2002) 315: 1145–54. doi: 10.1006 / jmbi. 2001.5296) . BAFF plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of B cells by binding to three different receptors, i.e. BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA (Smulski C, Eibel H. BAFF and BAFF-Receptor in B Cell Selection and Survival. Front Immunol. (2018) 9:2285. doi: 10.3389 / fimmu. 2018.02285) . Belimumab is a fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody binding to soluble BAFF and blocking its binding to the three receptors, thereby reducing naive and transient B cells.
[0005] However, monospecific antibodies such as Belimumab against a single target (i.e. BAFF) have some limitations in clinical applications. Patients may develop resistance or no response after receiving monospecific antibody therapy. With researches on autoimmune diseases, it is recognized that there are often multiple signal transduction pathways involved in the development and progression of diseases, and a single-target immunotherapy is usually insufficient to play a therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases.
[0006] Because multispecific binding proteins such as bispecific binding proteins can specifically bind to different molecules involving different signaling pathways simultaneously, the advantages have expanded the application of multispecific binding proteins such as bispecific binding proteins.
[0007] The task of generating bispecific binding proteins suitable for autoimmune disease such as SLE is, however, by no means trivial, but involves a number of challenges that have to be met related to efficacy, toxicity, applicability and produceability of the bispecific binding proteins.
[0008] Considering the difficulties associated with bispecific binding proteins suitable for autoimmune disease such as SLE, there remains a need for novel, improved such molecules.Summary of Invention
[0009] The present invention provides bispecific binding proteins designed for targeting two important molecules in an autoimmune disease such as SLE, thus combine good efficacy and produceability with low toxicity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bispecific binding protein comprising, from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus:
[0011] (a) a first moiety, which is an anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which comprises:
[0012] (i) a heavy chain variable domain (VH) comprising a CDR-H1, a CDR-H2, a CDR-H3, and(ii) a light chain variable domain (VL) comprising a CDR-L1, a CDR-L2, and a CDR-L3,
[0013] wherein:
[0014] CDR-H1 comprises the sequence of NNAIN (SEQ ID NO: 6) ;
[0015] CDR-H2 comprises the sequence of GIIPMFGTAKYSQNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 7) ;
[0016] CDR-H3 comprises the sequence of SRDLLLFPHHALSP (SEQ ID NO: 8) ;
[0017] CDR-L1 comprises the sequence of QGDSLRSYYAS (SEQ ID NO: 9) ;
[0018] CDR-L2 comprises the sequence of GKNNRPS (SEQ ID NO: 10) ; and
[0019] CDR-L3 comprises the sequence of SSRDSSGNHWV (SEQ ID NO: 11) ;
[0020] wherein the CDRs are defined according to Kabat numbering; and
[0021] (b) a second moiety, which is an anti-MASP2 scFv or a truncated TACI polypeptide,
[0022] wherein the anti-MASP2 scFv comprises:
[0023] (i) a heavy chain variable domain (VH) comprising a CDR-H1, a CDR-H2, a CDR-H3, and (ii) a light chain variable domain (VL) comprising a CDR-L1, a CDR-L2, and a CDR-L3,
[0024] wherein:
[0025] CDR-H1 comprises the sequence of DYYIN (SEQ ID NO: 16) ;
[0026] CDR-H2 comprises the sequence of WIFPGSESAYHSEKFKA (SEQ ID NO: 17) ;
[0027] CDR-H3 comprises the sequence of GDRSGPFAY (SEQ ID NO: 18) ;
[0028] CDR-L1 comprises the sequence of KSSQSLLYSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 19) ;
[0029] CDR-L2 comprises the sequence of LVSKLDS (SEQ ID NO: 20) ; and
[0030] CDR-L3 comprises the sequence of VQVTHFPFT (SEQ ID NO: 21) ;
[0031] wherein the CDRs are defined according to Kabat numbering;
[0032] wherein the truncated TACI polypeptide is human TACI extracellular region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or a fragment or variant thereof,
[0033] wherein the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the first moiety is covalently linked to the amino terminus of the second moiety.
[0034] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding protein of the present invention comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises, from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus, the heavy chain of the first moiety, a linker peptide, and the second moiety, and each light chain is the light chain of the first moiety.
[0035] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding protein of the present invention is a bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody, wherein the anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises or consists of: (a) a VH comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and (b) a VL comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and the anti-MASP2 scFv comprises or consists of: (a) a VH comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and (b) a VL comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith.
[0036] In some embodiments, the anti-BAFF antibody and / or the anti-MASP2 scFv in the bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody is a chimeric, a humanized or a human anti-BAFF antibody and / or anti-MASP2 scFv.
[0037] In some embodiments, the bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein a constant domain of each light chain is derived from a human kappa or lambda light chain constant domain, and a constant domain of each heavy chain is derived from a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 heavy chain constant domain. Preferably, each heavy chain in the bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and each light chain in the bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith.
[0038] In some embodiments, the bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody of the present invention has one or more of the following characteristics:
[0039] (1) binding to human BAFF and human MASP2, wherein binding to human BAFF with a KD of less than about 10x 10-9 M, 5x 10-9 M, 1x 10-9 M, or 5x 10-10 M, and binding to human MASP2 with a KD of less than about 10x 10-8 M, 5x 10-8 M, 1x 10-8 M, or 5x 10-9 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry;
[0040] (2) binding to human BAFF and human MASP2, wherein binding to human BAFF with an EC50 of about 0.1 nM or lower, 0.08nM or lower, 0.06nM or lower, or 0.05nM or lower, and binding to human MASP2 with an EC50 of about 1 nM or lower, 0.8nM or lower, 0.6nM or lower, or 0.4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA;
[0041] (3) neutralizing BAFF activity in cells expressing BCMA, with an IC50 of about 250 nM or lower, 200nM or lower, 170nM or lower, or 140nM or lower;
[0042] (4) blocking the activation of complement factor C4, with an IC50 of about 10 nM or lower, 8nM or lower, 6nM or lower, or 4nM or lower;
[0043] (5) depleting B cells in vivo.
[0044] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding protein of the present invention is a fusion protein comprising an anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and a truncated TACI polypeptide or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises or consists of: (a) a VH comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and (b) a VL comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and the truncated TACI polypeptide or a fragment or variant thereof comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment or variant thereof, such as a fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26.
[0045] In some embodiments, the anti-BAFF antibody in the fusion protein is a chimeric, a humanized or a human anti-BAFF antibody; and the truncated TACI polypeptide in the fusion protein comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment or variant thereof, such as a fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26.
[0046] In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein a constant domain of each light chain is derived from a human kappa or lambda light chain constant domain, and a constant domain of each heavy chain is derived from a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 heavy chain constant domain. Preferably, each heavy chain in the fusion protein comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and each light chain in the fusion protein comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith.
[0047] In some embodiments, the fusion protein of the present invention has one or more of the following characteristics:
[0048] (1) binding to human BAFF and human APRIL, wherein binding to human BAFF with a KD of less than about 1x 10-12 M, and binding to human APRIL with a KD of less than about 10x 10-9 M, 5x 10-9 M, 1x 10-9 M, or 5x 10-10 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry;
[0049] (2) binding to human BAFF and human APRIL, wherein binding to human BAFF with an EC50 of about 0.1 nM or lower, 0.08nM or lower, 0.06nM or lower, or 0.05nM or lower, and binding to human APRIL with an EC50 of about 1 nM or lower, 0.8nM or lower, 0.6nM or lower, or 0.4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA;
[0050] (3) neutralizing BAFF activity in cells expressing BCMA, with an IC50 of about 50 nM or lower, 35nM or lower, 20nM or lower, or 10nM or lower;
[0051] (4) depleting B cells in vivo.
[0052] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a polynucleotide encoding any one or more polypeptide chains in the bispecific binding protein of the present invention.
[0053] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a vector, preferably an expression vector, comprising the polynucleotide encoding any one or more polypeptide chains in the bispecific binding protein of the present invention.
[0054] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a host cell comprising the polynucleotide or the vector of the present invention. For example, the host cell is a mammalian cell, preferably a CHO cell or a HEK293 cell; and the host cell is a prokaryotic cell, preferably an E. coli cell.
[0055] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing the bispecific binding protein of the present invention, which comprises: (i) cultivating the host cell of the present invention under conditions that allow the production of the bispecific binding protein, and (ii) recovering the bispecific binding protein from the culture.
[0056] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition both comprising the bispecific binding protein of the first aspect, the nucleic acid of the
[0057] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating or preventing an autoimmune disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the sixth aspect. Preferably, the individual is a mammal, and more preferably a human.
[0058] In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease is selected from a group consisting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , IgAN, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , neuromyelitis optica / neuromyelitis optica-spectrum disorders (NOD / NMOD) , multiple sclerosis (MS) , Neuromyelitis Optica, Sjogren's Syndrome, ANCA associated vasculitis, Myasthenia gravis, Devic disease.
[0059] Brief Description of Figures
[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the constructed bispecific antibody designated as Blm129.
[0061] Figure 2 shows SEC-HPLC purity of the bispecific antibody Blm129.
[0062] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the constructed bifunctional fusion protein designated as BlmTAC.
[0063] Figure 4 shows SEC-HPLC purity of the bifunctional fusion protein BlmTAC.
[0064] Figure 5 shows the binding of bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC to human BAFF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .
[0065] Figure 6 shows the binding of the bispecific binding protein BlmTAC to human APRIL by ELISA.
[0066] Figure 7 shows the binding of the bispecific binding protein Blm129 to human MASP2 by ELISA.
[0067] Figure 8 shows the bispecific binding protein Blm129 binding to human BAFF and human MASP2 simultaneously.
[0068] Figure 9 shows bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC neutralize BAFF activity in a cell-based reporter assay. Anti-HEL-hIgG1 antibody is used as isotype control.
[0069] Figure 10 shows the bispecific binding protein Blm129 blocks the activation of complement factor C4 in a dose-dependent manner.
[0070] Figure 11 shows in vivo pharmacodynamic effect of bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC on B cells.
[0071] Figure 12 shows in vivo depletion ratio of B cells normalized against control group post administration of Blm129 and BlmTAC.
[0072] Figure 13A shows PD effect on B cell in blood post intravenous administration of BlmTAC.
[0073] Figure 13B shows PD effect on B cell in spleen post intravenous administration of BlmTAC.
[0074] Figure 14A shows depletion ratio of B cells in blood normalized against control group post administration of BlmTAC.
[0075] Figure 14B shows depletion ratio of B cells in spleen normalized against control group post administration of BlmTAC.
[0076] Figure 15 shows mean drug plasma concentration-time curves in Balb / c mice.Detailed Description
[0077] I. Definitions
[0078] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. In the event of any latent ambiguity between the present disclosure and any dictionary or extrinsic definition, definitions provided herein shall prevail. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. In this application, the use of "or" means "and / or" unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term "including" , as well as other forms, such as "includes" and "included" , is not limiting. Also, terms such as "element" or "component" encompass both elements and components comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more than one subunit unless specifically stated otherwise.
[0079] The term "about" used in combination with a numerical value is intended to encompass the numerical values in a range from a lower limit less than the specified numerical value by 5%to an upper limit greater than the specified numerical value by 5%.
[0080] As used herein, the term “binding protein” refers in its broadest sense to a protein that specifically binds a target molecule.
[0081] The term “bispecific” means that the binding protein is able to specifically bind to at least two distinct target molecules. In certain embodiments the bispecific binding protein is capable of simultaneously binding two different target molecules, particularly involved in two different signaling pathway.
[0082] The term "specific binding" or "specifically binding" in reference to the interaction of an antibody, a binding protein, or a peptide with a second chemical species, means that the interaction is dependent upon the presence of a particular structure (e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope) on the second chemical species. For example, an antibody recognizes and binds to a specific protein structure rather than to proteins generally. In general, if an antibody is specific for epitope "A" , the presence of a molecule containing epitope A (or free, unlabeled A) , in a reaction containing labeled "A" and the antibody, will reduce the amount of labeled A bound to the antibody.
[0083] As used herein, the terms “first” and “second” with respect to moieties in a bispecific binding protein are used for convenience of distinguishing when there is more than one moiety.
[0084] “BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) ” is an atypical representative of the TNF-receptor super-family. Members of this family are typically characterized by several extracellular cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) , which serve for ligand binding as well as for ligand-independent assembly of receptor monomers into dimers, trimers or multimers. Unlike most other TNF-R family members, BAFF-R contains only a partial CRD which serves for ligand binding as well as for self-assembly. BAFF-R is expressed on the surface of all human peripheral B cell subsets except for plasma cells and for centroblasts located in the dark zone of germinal centers. BAFF-R binds the TNF-like molecule BAFF as single ligand.
[0085] “TACI (T cell activator and calcium modulating ligand interactor) ” is expressed by activated B cells, marginal zone B cells, switched memory B cells and by plasma cells. Compared to BAFF-R, TACI has different functions by serving on the one hand as decoy receptor while triggering, on the other hand, immunoglobulin class-switch recombination.
[0086] “BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) ” is upregulated in activated B cells and expressed constitutively by long-lived plasma cells supporting their survival.
[0087] As used herein, the amino acid positions of all constant regions and domains of the heavy and light chain are numbered according to the Kabat numbering system described in Kabat, et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) and is referred to as “numbering according to Kabat” herein. Specifically, the Kabat numbering system (see pages 647-660 of Kabat et al., 1991) is used for the light chain constant domain CL of kappa and lambda isotype, and the Kabat EU index numbering system (see pages 661-723 of Kabat et al., 1991) is used for the constant heavy chain domains (CH1, Hinge, CH2 and CH3) , which is herein further clarified by referring to “numbering according to Kabat EU index” in this case.
[0088] General information regarding the sequences of human immunoglobulins light and heavy chains is also given in Kabat et al., 1991.
[0089] "Isolated protein" or "isolated polypeptide" is a protein or polypeptide that by virtue of its origin or source of derivation is not associated with naturally associated components that accompany it in its native state, is substantially free of other proteins from the same species, is expressed by a cell from a different species, or does not occur in nature. A polypeptide that is chemically synthesized or synthesized in a cellular system different from the cell from which it naturally originates may be "isolated" from its naturally associated components. A protein may also be rendered substantially free of naturally associated components by isolation, using protein purification techniques well known in the art.
[0090] The term "antibody" broadly refers to any immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule comprised of four polypeptide chains, two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains, or any functional fragment, mutant, variant, or derivation thereof, which retains the essential epitope binding features of an Ig molecule. Such mutant, variant, or derivative antibody formats are known in the art and non-limiting embodiments are discussed below.
[0091] In a full-length antibody, each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains: CH1, CH2, and CH3. Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region. The light chain constant region is comprised of one domain, CL. The VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDRs) , interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FRs) . Each VH and VL is comprised of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. First, second and third CDRs of a VH domain are commonly enumerated as CDR-H1, CDR-H2, and CDR-H3; likewise, first, second and third CDRs of a VL domain are commonly enumerated as CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3. Immunoglobulin molecules can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY) , class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass.
[0092] The term "Fc region" is used to define the C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, which may be generated by papain digestion of an intact antibody. The Fc region may be a native sequence Fc region or a variant Fc region. The Fc region of an immunoglobulin generally comprises two constant domains, i.e., a CH2 domain and a CH3 domain, and optionally comprises a CH4 domain, for example, as in the case of the Fc regions of IgM and IgE antibodies. The Fc region of IgG, IgA, and IgD antibodies comprises a hinge region, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain. In contrast, the Fc region of IgM and IgE antibodies lacks a hinge region but comprises a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain and a CH4 domain. Variant Fc regions having replacements of amino acid residues in the Fc portion to alter antibody effector function are known in the art (see, e.g., Winter et al., US Patent Nos. 5,648,260 and 5,624,821) .
[0093] The terms "antigen-binding portion" , "antigen-binding fragment" and "functional fragment" in context of an antibody are used interchangeably and refer to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to an antigen, i.e., the same antigen (e.g., BAFF) as the full-length antibody from which the portion or fragment is derived. It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody. Examples of binding fragments encompassed within the term "antigen-binding portion" of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL, and CH1 domains; (ii) a F (ab') 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) an Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., Nature, 341: 544-546 (1989) ; PCT Publication No. WO90 / 05144) , which comprises a single variable domain; and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) . Furthermore, although the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH, are coded for by separate genes, they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain Fv (scFv) , the VL and VH regions in scFv can be in any order, such as VH-linker-VL or VL-linker-VH; see, for example, Bird et al., Science, 242: 423-426 (1988) ; and Huston et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 5879-5883 (1988) ) . Such single chain antibodies are also intended to be encompassed within the term "antigen-binding portion" of an antibody and equivalent terms given above.
[0094] An immunoglobulin constant (C) domain refers to a heavy (CH) or light (CL) chain constant domain. Murine and human IgG heavy chain and light chain constant domain amino acid sequences are known in the art.
[0095] The term "monoclonal antibody" or "mAb" refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic determinant (epitope) . Furthermore, in contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations that typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes) , each mAb is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. The modifier "monoclonal" is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method.
[0096] The term "human sequence" , in relation to the light chain constant domain CL, heavy chain constant domain CH, and Fc region of the antibody or the binding protein according to the present application, means the sequence is of, or from, human immunoglobulin sequence. The human sequence of the present disclosure may be native human sequence, or a variant thereof including one or more (for example, up to 20, 15, 10) amino acid residue changes.
[0097] The term "chimeric antibody" refers to antibodies that comprise heavy and light chain variable region sequences from one species and constant region sequences from another species, such as antibodies having murine heavy and light chain variable regions linked to human constant regions.
[0098] The term "humanized antibody" refers to antibodies that comprise heavy and light chain variable region sequences from a non-human species (e.g., a mouse) but in which at least a portion of the VH and / or VL sequence has been altered to be more "human-like" , i.e., more similar to human germline variable sequences. One type of humanized antibody is a CDR-grafted antibody, in which CDR sequences from a non-human species (e.g., mouse) are introduced into human VH and VL framework sequences. A humanized antibody is an antibody or a variant, derivative, analog or fragment thereof which immunospecifically binds to an antigen of interest and which comprises framework regions and constant regions having substantially the amino acid sequence of a human antibody but complementarity determining regions (CDRs) having substantially the amino acid sequence of a non-human antibody. As used herein, the term "substantially" in the context of a CDR refers to a CDR having an amino acid sequence at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%or at least 99%identical to the amino acid sequence of a non-human antibody CDR. A humanized antibody comprises substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains (Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fv) in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin (i.e., donor antibody) and all or substantially all of the framework regions are those of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence. In an embodiment, a humanized antibody also comprises at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc) , typically that of a human immunoglobulin. In some embodiments, a humanized antibody contains both the light chain as well as at least the variable domain of a heavy chain. The antibody also may include the CH1, hinge, CH2, CH3, and CH4 regions of the heavy chain. In some embodiments, a humanized antibody only contains a humanized light chain. In some embodiments, a humanized antibody only contains a humanized heavy chain. In specific embodiments, a humanized antibody only contains a humanized variable domain of a light chain and / or humanized heavy chain.
[0099] A humanized antibody may be selected from any class of immunoglobulins, including IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA and IgE, and any isotype, including without limitation IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. The humanized antibody may comprise sequences from more than one class or isotype, and particular constant domains may be selected to optimize desired effector functions using techniques well known in the art.
[0100] The framework and CDR regions of a humanized antibody need not correspond precisely to the parental sequences, e.g., the donor antibody CDR or the acceptor framework may be mutagenized by substitution, insertion and / or deletion of at least one amino acid residue so that the CDR or framework residue at that site does not correspond to either the donor antibody or the consensus framework. In an exemplary embodiment, such mutations, however, will not be extensive. Usually, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%of the humanized antibody residues will correspond to those of the parental FR and CDR sequences. Back mutation at a particular framework position to restore the same amino acid that appears at that position in the donor antibody is often utilized to preserve a particular loop structure or to correctly orient the CDR sequences for contact with target antigen.
[0101] The term "CDR" refers to the complementarity determining regions within antibody variable domain sequences. There are three CDRs in each of the variable regions of the heavy chain and the light chain, which are designated CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3. The term "CDR set" as used herein refers to a group of three CDRs that occur in a single variable region capable of binding the antigen. The exact boundaries of these CDRs have been defined differently according to different systems. The system described by Kabat (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (1987) and (1991) ) not only provides an unambiguous residue numbering system applicable to any variable region of an antibody, but also provides precise residue boundaries defining the three CDRs.
[0102] The term "Kabat numbering" , in relation to heavy and light chain CDRs of an antibody, which is recognized in the art, refers to a system of numbering amino acid residues which are more variable (i.e., hypervariable) than other amino acid residues in the heavy and light chain variable regions of an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof. See, Kabat et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 190: 382-391 (1971) ; and Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242 (1991) .
[0103] The growth and analysis of extensive public databases of amino acid sequences of variable heavy and light regions over the past twenty years have led to the understanding of the typical boundaries between framework regions (FRs) and CDR sequences within variable region sequences and have enabled persons skilled in the art to accurately determine the CDRs according to Kabat numbering, Chothia numbering, or other systems. See, e.g., Martin, "Protein Sequence and Structure Analysis of Antibody Variable Domains, " In Kontermann and Dübel, eds., Antibody Engineering (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001) , chapter 31, pages 432-433.
[0104] The term "kon" (also "Kon" , "kon" ) , as used herein, is intended to refer to the on-rate constant for association of a binding protein (e.g., an antibody) to an antigen to form an association complex, e.g., antibody / antigen complex, as is known in the art. The "kon" also is known by the terms "association rate constant" , or "ka" , as used interchangeably herein. This value indicates the binding rate of an antibody to its target antigen or the rate of complex formation between an antibody and antigen as is shown by the equation below:
[0105] Antibody ( "Ab" ) + Antigen ( "Ag" ) →Ab-Ag.
[0106] The term "koff" (also "Koff" , "koff" ) , as used herein, is intended to refer to the off-rate constant for dissociation, or "dissociation rate constant" , of a binding protein (e.g., an antibody) from an association complex (e.g., an antibody / antigen complex) as is known in the art. This value indicates the dissociation rate of an antibody from its target antigen or separation of Ab-Ag complex over time into free antibody and antigen as shown by the equation below:
[0107] Ab + Ag←Ab-Ag.
[0108] The term "KD" (also "Kd" ) , as used herein, is intended to refer to the "equilibrium dissociation constant" , and refers to the value obtained in a titration measurement at equilibrium, or by dividing the dissociation rate constant (koff) by the association rate constant (kon) . The association rate constant (kon) , the dissociation rate constant (koff) , and the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) are used to represent the binding affinity of an antibody to an antigen. Methods for determining association and dissociation rate constants are well known in the art. Using fluorescence-based techniques offers high sensitivity and the ability to examine samples in physiological buffers at equilibrium. Other experimental approaches and instruments, such as WAVEsystem (grating-coupled interferometry, GCI) assay (Creoptix AG, Switzerland) , (biomolecular interaction analysis) assay (BIAcore International AB, Uppsala, Sweden) , and the likes can be used. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) using, e.g., the RED96 system (Pall FortéBio LLC) , is another affinity assay technique. Additionally, a (Kinetic Exclusion Assay) assay, available from Sapidyne Instruments (Boise, Idaho) can also be used.
[0109] The term "isolated nucleic acid" means a polynucleotide (e.g., of genomic, cDNA, or synthetic origin, or some combination thereof) that, by human intervention, is not associated with all or a portion of the polynucleotides with which it is found in nature; is operably linked to a polynucleotide that it is not linked to in nature; or does not occur in nature as part of a larger sequence.
[0110] The term "vector" , as used herein, is intended to refer to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. One type of vector is a "plasmid" , which refers to a circular double stranded DNA loop into which additional DNA segments may be ligated. Another type of vector is a viral vector, wherein additional DNA segments may be ligated into the viral genome. Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication and episomal mammalian vectors) . Other vectors (e.g., non-episomal mammalian vectors) can be integrated into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host cell, and thereby are replicated along with the host genome. Moreover, certain vectors are capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operatively linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as "recombinant expression vectors" (or simply, "expression vectors" ) . In general, expression vectors of utility in recombinant DNA techniques are often in the form of plasmids. In the present specification, "plasmid" and "vector" may be used interchangeably as the plasmid is the most commonly used form of vector. However, the present disclosure is intended to include such other forms of expression vectors, such as viral vectors (e.g., replication defective retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses) , which serve equivalent functions.
[0111] The term "operably linked" refers to a juxtaposition wherein the components described are in a relationship permitting them to function in their intended manner. A control sequence "operably linked" to a coding sequence is ligated in such a way that expression of the coding sequence is achieved under conditions compatible with the control sequence. "Operably linked" sequences include both expression control sequences that are contiguous with the gene of interest and expression control sequences that act in trans or at a distance to control the gene of interest. The term "expression control sequence" as used herein refers to polynucleotide sequences that are necessary to affect the expression and processing of coding sequences to which they are ligated. Expression control sequences include appropriate transcription initiation, termination, promoter and enhancer sequences; efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation signals; sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA; sequences that enhance translation efficiency (i.e., Kozak consensus sequence) ; sequences that enhance protein stability; and when desired, sequences that enhance protein secretion. The nature of such control sequences differs depending upon the host organism; in prokaryotes, such control sequences generally include promoter, ribosomal binding site, and transcription termination sequence; in eukaryotes, generally, such control sequences include promoters and transcription termination sequence. The term "control sequences" is intended to include components whose presence is essential for expression and processing, and can also include additional components whose presence is advantageous, for example, leader sequences and fusion partner sequences.
[0112] "Transformation" , as defined herein, refers to any process by which exogenous DNA enters a host cell. Transformation may occur under natural or artificial conditions using various methods well known in the art. Transformation may rely on any known method for the insertion of foreign nucleic acid sequences into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell. The method is selected based on the host cell being transformed and may include, but is not limited to, transfection, viral infection, electroporation, lipofection, and particle bombardment. Such "transformed" cells include stably transformed cells in which the inserted DNA is capable of replication either as an autonomously replicating plasmid or as part of the host chromosome. They also include cells which transiently express the inserted DNA or RNA for limited periods of time.
[0113] The term "recombinant host cell" (or simply "host cell" ) , is intended to refer to a cell into which exogenous DNA has been introduced. In an embodiment, the host cell comprises two or more (e.g., multiple) nucleic acids encoding antibodies, such as the host cells described in US Patent No. 7, 262, 028, for example. Such terms are intended to refer not only to the particular subject cell, but also to the progeny of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term "host cell" as used herein. In an embodiment, host cells include prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells selected from any of the Kingdoms of life. In another embodiment, eukaryotic cells include protist, fungal, plant and animal cells. In another embodiment, host cells include but are not limited to the prokaryotic cell line Escherichia coli; mammalian cell lines CHO, HEK 293, COS, NS0, SP2 and PER. C6; the insect cell line Sf9; and the fungal cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
[0114] As used herein, the term "effective amount" refers to the amount of a therapy that is sufficient to reduce or ameliorate the severity and / or duration of a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof; prevent the advancement of a disorder; cause regression of a disorder; prevent the recurrence, development, or progression of one or more symptoms associated with a disorder; detect a disorder; or enhance or improve the prophylactic or therapeutic effect (s) of another therapy (e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic agent) .
[0115] Antibodies, functional fragments thereof, and binding proteins according to the present disclosure may be purified (for an intended use) by using one or more of a variety of methods and materials available in the art for purifying antibodies and binding proteins. Such methods and materials include, but are not limited to, affinity chromatography (e.g., using resins, particles, or membranes conjugated to Protein A, Protein G, Protein L, or a specific ligand of the antibody, functional fragment thereof, or binding protein) , ion exchange chromatography (for example, using ion exchange particles or membranes) , hydrophobic interaction chromatography ( "HIC" ; for example, using hydrophobic particles or membranes) , ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, diafiltration, size exclusion chromatography ( "SEC" ) , low pH treatment (to inactivate contaminating viruses) , and combinations thereof, to obtain an acceptable purity for an intended use. A non-limiting example of a low pH treatment to inactivate contaminating viruses comprises reducing the pH of a solution or suspension comprising an antibody, functional fragment thereof, or binding protein of the present disclosure to pH 3.5 with 0.5 M phosphoric acid, at 18℃ -25℃, for 60 to 70 minutes.
[0116] Standard techniques may be used for recombinant DNA, oligonucleotide synthesis, and tissue culture and transformation (e.g., electroporation, lipofection) . Enzymatic reactions and purification techniques may be performed according to manufacturer's specifications or as commonly accomplished in the art or as described herein. The foregoing techniques and procedures may be generally performed according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout the present specification. See e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989) .
[0117] An “individual” or “subject” is a mammal. Mammals include, but are not limited to, domesticated animals (e.g. cows, sheep, cats, dogs, and horses) , primates (e.g. humans and non-human primates such as monkeys) , rabbits, and rodents (e.g. mice and rats) . Particularly, the individual or subject is a human.
[0118] The term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of an active ingredient contained therein to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the formulation would be administered.
[0119] A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition, other than an active ingredient, which is nontoxic to a subject. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, a buffer, excipient, stabilizer, or preservative.
[0120] As used herein, “treatment” (and grammatical variations thereof such as “treat” or “treating” ) refers to clinical intervention in an attempt to alter the natural course of a disease in the individual being treated, and can be performed either for prophylaxis or during the course of clinical pathology. Desirable effects of treatment include, but are not limited to, preventing occurrence or recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, decreasing the rate of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission or improved prognosis. In some embodiments, bispecific binding proteins of the invention are used to delay development of a disease or to slow the progression of a disease.
[0121] II. BAFFxMASP2 Bispecific Binding Protein
[0122] The pathogenic roles for B cells in autoimmunity include produce pathogenic autoantibodies and modulate immune responses via the production of cytokines and chemokines.
[0123] In B cell differentiation, maturation and class conversion, B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) (also known as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) ) plays an important role. BAFF binds to three different receptors, which are BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA. Excessive expression of BAFF promotes the survival and differentiation of B lymphocytes into Ig-producing plasma cells and functions in the pathogenesis of SLE and other autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .
[0124] Belimumab is a fully humanized immunoglobulin G1 lambda (IgG1λ) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to soluble BAFF and blocks its binding to BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA, thereby reducing naive and transient B cells. Belimumab is the only biologic approved for SLE, and the first in a class of drugs known as B-lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitors.
[0125] In addition, an autoimmune disease is recognized as a disease where autoantibodies develop and fix to self-antigen resulting in complement activation and in turn leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Complement mediates the deposition of immune complexes, which further lead to the involvement and damage of the deposition site, and blocking the complement-mediated pathway and reducing the immune response is a way to alleviate the involvement of SLE organs (Trouw L, Pickering M, Blom A. The complement system as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. (2017) 13: 538–47. doi: 10.1038 / nrrheum. 2017.125) .
[0126] Currently, it is widely accepted that the complement system can be activated through three distinct pathways: the classical pathway, the lectin pathway, and the alternative pathway. The classical pathway is usually triggered by a complex composed of host antibodies bound to a foreign particle (i.e., an antigen) and thus requires prior exposure to an antigen for the generation of a specific antibody response. Since activation of the classical pathway depends on a prior adaptive immune response by the host, the classical pathway is part of the acquired immune system. In contrast, both the lectin and alternative pathways are independent of adaptive immunity and are part of the innate immune system.
[0127] In the lectin pathway, human mannan-binding lectin (MBL) forms a specific and high-affinity interaction through its collagen-like domain with unique C1r / C1s-like serine proteases, termed MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) . To date, three MASPs have been described, which are MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3. However, it was demonstrated that the MBL-MASP-2 complex alone is sufficient for complement activation (Vorup-Jensen et al., J. Immunol. 7 (55: 2093-2100, (2000) ) . Furthermore, only MASP-2 cleaved C2 and C4 at high rates (Ambrus et al., J. Immunol. 770: 1374-1382, (2003) ) . Therefore, MASP-2 is the protease responsible for activating C4 and C2 to generate the C3 convertase, C4b2a, and is therefore a potential drug target.
[0128] An MASP-2 inhibitory antibody invented by Transcenta, designated as mAb 129C10, is effective to inhibit MASP-2-dependent complement activation.
[0129] In one embodiment, the bispecific binding protein of the present invention on one hand is capable of specifically binds to human BAFF, thus blocking the binding of BAFF to its three receptors BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA, and on the other hand is capable of specifically binds to human MASP-2, thus blocking complement activation.
[0130] In some embodiments, a BAFF x MASP2 bispecific binding protein according to the present application comprises:
[0131] a) a first antigen-binding site that specifically binds BAFF; and
[0132] b) a second antigen-binding site that specifically binds MASP2.
[0133] In one embodiment, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein comprise a set of six CDRs, CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3 derived from any anti-BAFF antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to form the BAFF binding site of the bispecific binding protein. In some further embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein comprise a VH / VL pair derived from any anti-BAFF antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to form the BAFF binding site of the bispecific binding protein.
[0134] In one embodiment, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein further comprise a set of six CDRs, CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3 derived from any anti-MASP2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to form the MASP2 binding site of the bispecific binding protein. In some further embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein comprise a VH / VL pair derived from any anti-MASP2 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to form the MASP2 binding site of the bispecific binding protein.
[0135] In one embodiment, the BAFF binding site and the MASP2 binding site in a bispecific BAFF / MASP2 binding protein according to the present application are humanized, comprising humanized VH / VL sequences, respectively.
[0136] In one embodiment, a BAFF x MASP2 bispecific binding protein according to the present application adopts the format shown in Figure 1, wherein a Fab fragment of the bispecific binding protein forms the first antigen-binding site that specifically binds BAFF; and a scFv domain of the bispecific binding protein forms the second antigen-binding site that specifically binds MASP2.
[0137] In some embodiments, a bispecific binding protein according to the present invention employs linker between anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody (mAb) portion and an anti-MASP2 scFv portion. In one embodiment, the anti-MASP2 scFv portion in the bispecific binding protein according to the present invention comprises a pair of disulfide bonds between positions 44 and 100th.
[0138] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to BAFF, wherein said binding potency is reflected by an EC50 of about 0.1 nM or lower, 0.08nM or lower, 0.06nM or lower, or 0.05nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA.
[0139] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to MASP2, wherein said binding potency is reflected by an EC50 of about 1 nM or lower, 0.8nM or lower, 0.6nM or lower, or 0.4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA.
[0140] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to BAFF, wherein said binding potency is reflected by a KD of less than about 10x 10-9 M, 5x 10-9 M, 1x 10-9 M, or 5x 10-10 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry.
[0141] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to MASP2, wherein said binding potency is reflected by a KD of less than about 10x 10-8 M, 5x 10-8 M, 1x 10-8 M, or 5x 10-9 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry;
[0142] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to both BAFF and MASP2.
[0143] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention block the binding of BAFF to its receptor BCMA and inhibit intracellular signaling upon contacted with cells expressing BCMA at the cell surface. The inhibition of intracellular signaling can be determined by detecting the level of NF-κB. NF-κB can be detected, e.g., using reporter-based methods as described in Example 6.
[0144] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of decreasing the amount of NF-κB to more than 1 times, e.g. >1.1 times, >1.2 times, >1.3 times, >1.4 times, >1.5 times, >1.6 times, >1.7 times, >1.8 times, >1.9 times, >2 times, >3 times, >4 times, >5 times, >6 times, >7 times, >8 times, >9 times, >10 times, >20 times, >30 times, >40 times, >50 times, >60 times, >70 times, >80 times, >90 times, or >100 times the level of NF-κB detected following culture cells expressing BCMA at the cell surface in the absence of the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention, or in the presence of a control molecule (e.g. isotype control) , in a comparable assay.
[0145] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of blocking the activation of complement factor C4, with an IC50 of about 10 nM or lower, 8nM or lower, 6nM or lower, or 4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA.
[0146] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of depleting B cells in vivo. Particularly, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of decreasing B cells expressing CD19 and CD45, and of decreasing B cells expressing CD19 and CD21.
[0147] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of decreasing the number of B cells expressing CD19 and CD45 to more than 1 times, e.g. >1.1 times, >1.2 times, >1.3 times, >1.4 times, >1.5 times, >1.6 times, >1.7 times, >1.8 times, >1.9 times, >2 times, >3 times, >4 times, >5 times, >6 times, >7 times, >8 times, >9 times, >10 times, >20 times, >30 times, >40 times, >50 times, >60 times, >70 times, >80 times, >90 times, or >100 times the number of B cells expressing CD19 and CD45 in vivo after administrating the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention, or a control molecule (e.g. Saline) , in a comparable assay.
[0148] III. BAFFxAPRIL Bispecific Binding Protein
[0149] The present invention further provides a BAFF / APRIL bispecific binding protein having a structure of Figure 3, which is capable of binding to both BAFF and APRIL. As a dual-targeting Protein, it can inhibit the two cytokines of BAFF and APRIL at the same time, more effectively reduce the immune response, and achieve the purpose of treating autoimmune diseases.
[0150] B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the TNF family, and binds to the receptors BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA.
[0151] A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) is also a member of the TNF family, has high homology with BAFF, and binds to the receptors TACI and BCMA.
[0152] BAFF and APRIL are cytokines expressed by antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in the development of B-lymphocytes, and in the pathogenic processes underlying immune-mediated disorders.
[0153] In some embodiments, a BAFF x APRIL bispecific binding protein according to the present application comprises:
[0154] a) a first antigen-binding site that specifically binds BAFF; and
[0155] b) a second moiety, which is a truncated TACI polypeptide that specifically binds its ligands BAFF and APRIL.
[0156] In one embodiment, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein comprise a set of six CDRs, CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2, and CDR-L3 derived from any anti-BAFF antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to form the BAFF binding site of the bispecific binding protein. In some further embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein comprise a VH / VL pair derived from any anti-BAFF antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to form the BAFF binding site of the bispecific binding protein.
[0157] In one embodiment, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein further comprise a second moiety derived from a truncated TACI polypeptide (TACI, Uniprot ID: O14836) , which specifically binds TACI ligands BAFF and APRIL. In some further embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins as described herein comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment or variant thereof, provided that said fragment or variant specifically binds both BAFF and APRIL.
[0158] In one embodiment, a BAFF x APRIL bispecific binding protein according to the present application adopts the format shown in Figure 3, wherein a Fab fragment of the bispecific binding protein forms the first antigen-binding site that specifically binds BAFF; and a truncated TACI polypeptide of the bispecific binding protein forms the trap that specifically binds both BAFF and APRIL.
[0159] In some embodiments, a bispecific binding protein according to the present invention employs linker between anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody (mAb) portion and a truncated TACI polypeptide. In one embodiment, the truncated TACI polypeptide in the bispecific binding protein according to the present invention comprises 2nd CRD domain (69aa-108aa) of TACI.
[0160] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to BAFF, wherein said binding potency is reflected by an EC50 of about 0.1 nM or lower, 0.08nM or lower, 0.06nM or lower, or 0.05nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA.
[0161] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to APRIL, wherein said binding potency is reflected by an EC50 of about 1 nM or lower, 0.8nM or lower, 0.6nM or lower, or 0.4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA.
[0162] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to BAFF, wherein said binding potency is reflected by a KD of less than about 1x 10-12 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry.
[0163] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to APRIL, wherein said binding potency is reflected by a KD of less than about 10x 10-9 M, 5x 10-9 M, 1x 10-9 M, or 5x 10-10 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry;
[0164] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of binding to both BAFF and APRIL.
[0165] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention block the binding of BAFF to its receptor BCMA and inhibit intracellular signaling upon contacted with cells expressing BCMA at the cell surface. The inhibition of intracellular signaling can be determined by detecting the level of NF-κB. NF-κB can be detected, e.g., using reporter-based methods as described in Example 6.
[0166] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of decreasing the amount of NF-κB to more than 1 times, e.g. >1.1 times, >1.2 times, >1.3 times, >1.4 times, >1.5 times, >1.6 times, >1.7 times, >1.8 times, >1.9 times, >2 times, >3 times, >4 times, >5 times, >6 times, >7 times, >8 times, >9 times, >10 times, >20 times, >30 times, >40 times, >50 times, >60 times, >70 times, >80 times, >90 times, or >100 times the level of NF-κB detected following culture cells expressing BCMA at the cell surface in the absence of the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention, or in the presence of a control molecule (e.g. isotype control) , in a comparable assay.
[0167] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of depleting B cells in vivo. Particularly, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of decreasing B cells expressing CD19 and CD45, and of decreasing B cells expressing CD19 and CD21.
[0168] In some embodiments, the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention are capable of decreasing the number of B cells expressing CD19 and CD45 to more than 1 times, e.g. >1.1 times, >1.2 times, >1.3 times, >1.4 times, >1.5 times, >1.6 times, >1.7 times, >1.8 times, >1.9 times, >2 times, >3 times, >4 times, >5 times, >6 times, >7 times, >8 times, >9 times, >10 times, >20 times, >30 times, >40 times, >50 times, >60 times, >70 times, >80 times, >90 times, or >100 times the number of B cells expressing CD19 and CD45 in vivo after administrating the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention, or a control molecule (e.g. Saline) , in a comparable assay.
[0169] IV. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0170] The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a bispecific binding protein of the present invention (i.e., the primary active ingredient) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0171] Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may further comprise at least one additional active ingredient. In some embodiments, such an additional ingredient includes, but is not limited to, a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent, a detection agent.
[0172] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more additional prophylactic or therapeutic agents, i.e., agents other than the antibodies or binding proteins of the present invention, for the treatment or alleviation of a disorder. In one embodiment, the additional prophylactic or therapeutic agents are known to be useful for, have been used, or are currently being used in the prevention, treatment, management, or amelioration of, a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof.
[0173] The pharmaceutical compositions comprising proteins of the present invention are for use in, but not limited to, diagnosing, detecting, or monitoring a disorder; treating, managing, or ameliorating a disorder or one or more symptoms thereof; and / or research. In some embodiments, the composition may further comprise a carrier, diluent, or excipient. An excipient is generally any compound or combination of compounds that provides a desired feature to a composition other than that of the primary active ingredient (i.e., other than the bispecific binding protein of the present invention) .
[0174] V. Nucleic Acid, Vector, and Host Cells
[0175] In a further aspect, this disclosure provides isolated nucleic acids encoding one or more amino acid sequences of a bispecific binding protein of the present invention. Such nucleic acids may be inserted into a vector for carrying out various genetic analyses or for expressing, characterizing, or improving one or more properties of an antibody or binding protein described herein. A vector may comprise one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding one or more amino acid sequences of the bispecific binding protein of the present invention, in which the one or more nucleic acid molecules is operably linked to appropriate transcriptional and / or translational sequences that permit expression of the bispecific binding protein in a particular host cell carrying the vector. Examples of vectors for cloning or expressing nucleic acids encoding amino acid sequences of binding proteins described herein include, but are not limited to pcDNA, and derivatives thereof.
[0176] The present invention also provides a host cell expressing, or capable of expressing, a vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding one or more amino acid sequences of a bispecific binding protein of the present invention. Host cells useful in the present invention may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. An exemplary prokaryotic host cell is Escherichia coli. Eukaryotic cells useful as host cells in the present invention include protist cells, animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells. An exemplary fungal cell is a yeast cell, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An exemplary animal cell useful as a host cell according to the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a mammalian cell, an avian cell, and an insect cell. Exemplary mammalian cells include, but are not limited to, CHO cells, HEK cells, and COS cells.
[0177] VI. Methods for Production
[0178] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a bispecific binding protein of the present invention, comprising culturing a host cell comprising an expression vector encoding the bispecific binding protein in culture medium under conditions sufficient to cause the host cell to express the bispecific binding protein of the present invention.
[0179] The bispecific binding protein produced by the methods disclosed herein can be isolated and used in various compositions and methods described herein.
[0180] VII. Methods for Treatment and Medical Uses
[0181] In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods for treating autoimmune diseases in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the bispecific binding protein disclosed herein. An autoimmune disease may be a disease or condition in which autoantibodies damage self-tissue.
[0182] In some embodiments, the autoimmune diseases to be treated with the methods and the bispecific binding proteins described herein include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , IgAN, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , neuromyelitis optica / neuromyelitis optica-spectrum disorders (NOD / NMOD) , multiple sclerosis (MS) , Neuromyelitis Optica, Sjogren's Syndrome, ANCA associated vasculitis, Myasthenia gravis, Devic disease.
[0183] In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease to be treated is SLE. In some embodiments, the disease is SLE showing resistance or refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapies with the compounds such as IFN-β-1a, IFN-β-1b, anti-CD52 antibody (Alemtuzumab, Alemtuzumab) , Natalizumab, or anti-CD20 agents (Rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab) .
[0184] Methods of treatment described herein may further comprise administering to a subject in need thereof, of additional active ingredient, which is suitably present in combination with the bispecific binding proteins described herein for the treatment purpose. In a method of treatment of the present invention, the additional active ingredient may be incorporated into a composition comprising the bispecific binding proteins of the present invention, and the composition is administered to a subject in need of treatment. In another embodiment, a method of treatment of the present invention may comprise a step of administering to a subject in need of treatment a bispecific binding protein described herein and a separate step of administering an additional active ingredient to the subject before, concurrently, or after the step of administering to the subject the bispecific binding protein of the present invention.
[0185] EXAMPLES
[0186] The following examples are offered to illustrate, but not to limit, the claimed invention.
[0187] Example 1. Construction and expression of anti-BAFF / anti-MASP2 bispecific antibody
[0188] A bispecific antibody named as Blm129 and targeting both B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and MBL Associated Serine Protease 2 (MASP2) was generated (Figure 1) . The bispecific antibody comprises an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody (mAb) portion and an anti-MASP2 scFv portion, with the sequence of heavy chain shown as SEQ ID NO: 1, and the sequence of light chain shown as SEQ ID NO: 2. The sequence of belimumab (having heavy chain shown as SEQ ID NO: 3, and light chain shown as SEQ ID NO: 2) was used as said anti-BAFF mAb portion; while the sequence of 129C10, a humanized anti-MASP2 mAb having neutralization activity and developed by Transcenta, was used as said anti-MASP2 scFv portion.
[0189] Further, to improve the stability of said anti-MASP2 scFv portion, a pair of disulfide bonds were formed by mutating the 44th amino acid of VH and the 100th amino acid of VL into cysteine.
[0190] DNA sequences encoding heavy chain and light chain of Blm129 were gene synthesized and cloned into an expression vector named pcDNA3.1 (+) (Invitrogen, Cat: V79020) respectively, and a plasmid encoding heavy chain of Blm129 and a plasmid encoding light chain of Blm129 were obtained. The obtained two plasmids were prepared in high quantity using Plasmid Maxi-prep System from Qiagen.
[0191] For expression of the bispecific antibody Blm129, the two plasmids encoding heavy chain and light chain of Blm129 respectively were employed to co-transfect Expi-CHO cells using the ExpiFectamineTM CHO Reagent from Invitrogen according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The cell supernatant was harvested on Day 10 and purified using Mabselect SuRe affinity chromatography and size-exclusion-chromatography (SEC) . A purity of 95.9%was obtained, as assessed by SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC (Figure 2) .
[0192] Monoclonal antibody 129C10 against MASP2 (i.e. an anti-MASP2 mAb) was also expressed for use as a positive control.
[0193] Example 2. Construction and expression of anti-BAFF / TACI bifunctional molecular
[0194] A bifunctional fusion protein, BlmTAC, comprising a BAFF mAb portion and 2nd CRD domain (Cysteine Rich Domain) (69-108aa) of transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI, Uniprot ID: O14836) was generated (Figure 3) , wherein said 2nd CRD domain (69-108) of TACI serves as a trap of BAFF and proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) . The sequence of heavy chain in BlmTAC is shown as SEQ ID NO: 22, and the sequence of light chain in BlmTAC is shown as SEQ ID NO: 2. The expression and purification procedures of BlmTAC were similar as those of Blm129. A purity of 98.4%was obtained, as assessed by SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC (Figure 4) .
[0195] Belimumab as an analog of Blm129 and BlmTAC (Belimumab also designated as "Belimumab-analog” ) and telitacicept as an analog of Blm129 and BlmTAC (telitacicept also designated as “telitacicept-analog” ) were also expressed and purified as positive controls, and the sequences of these two drugs were from IMGT / mAb database.
[0196] Example 3: ELISA binding of Blm129 and BlmTAC to BAFF, APRIL and MASP2
[0197] Binding activities of the bispecific antibodies were evaluated by an ELISA method.
[0198] First, MASP2-his protein was prepared. Particularly, the gene of full-length human MASP-2 (Uniprot ID: O00187) fused with 6his-tag in the C-terminal was inserted into pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, and the construct was confirmed by sequencing. The expression construct was transfected into ExpiCHO-scells with an ExpiFectamine CHO transfection kit. ExpiCHO-scells were cultured in the ExpiCHO Expression Medium. 14 days post transfection, the supernatant was collected. After centrifuge and filtration, supernatant was loaded onto HisTrap column (Cytiva, Cat: 29048586) and then purified with a GE AKTA purification system. After washing, MASP2-his protein was eluted with 250 mM imidazole buffer, and the imidazole in the eluted protein was removed by dialysis.
[0199] Next, human BAFF-his (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: BAF-H5248) , APRIL-his (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: APL-52D1) or the prepared MASP2-his was immobilized on an ELISA plate, bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC or control proteins (Belimumab-analog or Telitacicept-analog) were serial diluted in PBS and added to the ELISA plate for 1h incubation. Next, Goat pAb to human IgG-HRP (Abcam, lot#GR3256019-10) and TMB were added for detection of the binding activities at OD450nm. Finally, the data was analyzed by GraphPad Prism.
[0200] As set forth in Figure 5, Blm129 binds to human BAFF with high affinity, and EC50 is about 0.04517nM; BlmTAC also binds to human BAFF with high affinity, and EC50 is about 0.02799nM; as controls, Belimumab-analog binds to human BAFF with EC50 of about 0.01847nM, and telitacicept-analog binds to human BAFF with EC50 of about 0.1000nM.
[0201] As set forth in Figure 6, BlmTAC binds to human APRIL with high affinity, and EC50 is about 0.4067 nM; as a positive control, telitacicept-analog binds to human APRIL with EC50 of about 0.5613 nM.
[0202] As set forth in Figure 7, Blm129 binds to human MASP2 with high affinity, and EC50 is about 0.2461 nM; as a positive control, 129C10 binds to human MASP2 with EC50 of about 0.2493 nM.
[0203] Example 4: Kinetic binding of bispecific binding proteins to BAFF, APRIL and MASP2
[0204] Bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC or control proteins (Belimumab-analog or Telitacicept-analog) at 100 nM in 1×Kinetics Buffer (1×PBS, pH 7.4, 0.02%Tween 20, 0.1%BSA) was loaded onto 4 pre-wet Protein A biosensors and incubated with various concentrations of human BAFF, APRIL or MASP2 solutions. All binding data were collected at 30℃. Particularly, the experiment procedure comprised the following 5 steps: (1) Baseline acquisition (60s) ; (2) Bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC or control proteins (Belimumab-analog or Telitacicept-analog) loading onto Protein A biosensor (60s) ; (3) Second baseline acquisition (60s) ; (4) Association of antigen for the measurement of kon (90s) ; and (5) Dissociation of antigen for the measurement of koff (150s) . Four different concentrations of antigen diluted with 1×Kinetics Buffer were used, including 100 nM, 33.3 nM, 11.1 nM and 0 nM. Baseline and dissociation steps were carried out in 1×Kinetics Buffer. The ratio of koff to kon determined the KD. The Biosensors were regenerated for 5s in Regeneration Buffer (10 mM Glycine-HCL, pH 1.7) , followed by neutralization for 5s in Neutralization Buffer (1×PBS, pH 7.4, 0.02%Tween 20, 0.1%BSA) . The experiment is repeated 3 times.
[0205] As set forth in the following Table 1, Blm129 binds human BAFF and MASP2 with high affinity, and BlmTAC binds human BAFF and APRIL with high affinity.
[0206] Table 1. Binding affinity of antibodies to human BAFF, APRIL and MASP-2 by Biolayer Interferometry (BLI)
[0207] Example 5: Simultaneous binding of bispecific binding protein Blm129 to human BAFF and MASP2
[0208] 1 μg / ml of human MASP2-his as prepared in Example 3 was used to coat an ELISA plate, overnight at 4℃. Then 300 μl of blocking buffer was added for blocking at room temperature for 1 h. After 1 h, 100 μl of Blm129 or control mAbs (belimumab-analog and 129C10) at concentrations ranging from 200 nM to 0.01 nM (five-fold serial dilutions) were added, and incubated at room temperature for 1 h. 0.5%PBS+Tween-20 were used for washing for 3 times, and then 0.5 μg / ml of human BAFF-Fc-biotin (Acro Biosystems, Cat: BAF-H82F3) was added into each well. 1h later, 100 μl HRP-conjugated streptavidin (1: 5000) was added. After incubation at room temperature for 1 h, TMB substrate reagent mixture (InnoReagents, TMB-S-003) was added and incubated at room temperature for 5 min and the reaction was stopped by adding 0.1M H2SO4. OD450 nm was read by Microplate Reader.
[0209] As set forth in the Figure 8, Blm129, which was composed of anti-BAFF arm and anti-MASP2 arm, could bind human BAFF and MASP2 simultaneously.
[0210] Example 6: Bispecific binding proteins neutralize BAFF activity in a cell-based reporter assay
[0211] In this assay, HEK-293-BCMA-NFkB-Luciferase cells were purchase from Cobior (Cat#CBP74072) , these cells were generated by stable transfection of HEK293 cells with the human BCMA gene and an NF-κB inducible luciferase construct. Binding of BAFF to its receptor BCMA triggers cascade leading to the activation of NF-κB and subsequent production of Luciferase which can be monitored by ONE-Glo. So, BAFF-mediated Luciferase production can be blocked using neutralizing antibody.
[0212] Briefly, prepare Human BAFF protein solution using DMEM medium containing 10%of FBS at 50 nM concentration and then add 25ul to 96-well-plate. Bispecific binding proteins Blm129 and BlmTAC or control proteins (Belimumab-analog or Telitacicept-analog) are used as samples. Prepare sample diluted solution and add 25ul of each dilution to 96-well-plate. Preincubated the plate containing BAFF and the protein samples as antagonists for 30min in 37℃. Collect HEK-293-BCMA-NFkB-Luciferase cells at logarithmic growth phase cells and seed cells at a density of 3×104 / well (100μl / well) into 96-well plate. Incubate the 96-well-plate at 37℃, 5%CO2 for 5 hours. Add 100ul of Reagent to each well and mix the contents. Allow the plate to incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes to stabilize luminescent signal. Determine luminescence using a spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.
[0213] As set forth in Figure 9, Blm129 and BlmTAC could block BAFF-induced NFκB signaling pathway in a dose dependent manner. BlmTAC block BAFF-induced NFκB signaling pathway most effectively, with IC50 of 8.740 nM. As compared with Belimumab-analog, it is unexpected that Blm129 significantly more effective at blocking BAFF-induced NFκB signaling pathway.
[0214] Example 7: Evaluation of the effect of Blm129 on the activity of complement factor C4
[0215] MASP-2 is a key component of lectin pathway, and it cleaves complement factors C4 and C2, generating C3 convertase C4bC2a. Activation of C3 finally leads to the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) . To test whether antibodies that inhibit MASP-2 could reduce the activation of the lectin pathway, the activity of C4 was evaluated in the presence of Blm129 and 129C10.
[0216] ELISA plates were coated with 10 μg / ml mannan, 100 μl per well at 4℃ for overnight. After washing 3 times with PBS + 0.1%Tween20, the plates were blocked for 1hr with the blocking buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl + 0.1%human serum albumin + 140 mM NaCl) . Blm129 or 129C10 were serially diluted with the assay buffer (0.1%human serum albumin + 20 mM Tris-HCl + 2 mM CaCl2 + 140mM NaCl + 1 mM MgCl2 +0.05%Tween20) containing 2%human serum (Quidel, A113) and incubated on ice for 45 min. The blocking buffer was removed from the mannan coated plates, and the antibody-serum mixture was added. The plates were incubated at 37℃ for 1h. The activated complement components should be deposited on the bottom surface of the plate, while the inactivated components remain soluble in the buffer. After washing the plates 3 times with the washing buffer, the activity of the complement factor C4 was monitored by HRP linked anti-C4c antibody (Quidel-A211) .
[0217] As set forth in Figure 10, Blm129 and 129C10 blocked the activation of complement factor C4 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 of 2.474 nM and 0.1558 respectively.
[0218] Example 8: Pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of Blm129 and BlmTAC in vivo
[0219] 1. Effect of B cell depletion post treatment via subcutaneous injection thrice a week
[0220] To better understand the in vivo efficacy of Blm129 and BlmTAC, female BALB / c mice were purchased from Hangzhou Ziyuan Experimental Animal Co. Ltd. and kept in the husbandry conditions: temperature: 20-26℃; relative humidity: 40-70%; 12 hours for light and 12 hours for dark. On the day of the experiment beginning (D0) , mice were assigned into 5 group randomly with 12 animals in each group and administrated with either Saline or 10 mg / kg of Blm129, BlmTAC, belimumab-analog, or telitacicept-analog via subcutaneous injection thrice a week, respectively. Blood samples were taken from fundus vein on D7, D14, D18 post treatment respectively. 4 mice per group at each time point of D7, D14, D18 were sacrificed and correspondent spleens across groups were harvested, followed by dissociation of the spleens with gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-093-235) following the manufacture instruction. Then, Lysis buffer (eBioscience, 00-4300-54) was added to remove erythrocytes. Single splenocyte and peripheral blood lymphocyte was isolated for B cell phenotyping stained against CD45, CD19 and CD21 by flow cytometry on the CytoFLEX (Beckman Coulter) . Data analysis softwares (Cytoflex and GraphPad Prism) were used to calculate the percentage of CD19+ B cells among CD45+ immune cells and CD21+CD19+ B cells in blood and spleen samples. The comparation between Blm129 and BlmTAC administering groups and the control groups was performed by statistical analysis (Student’s t test) , and the difference is significant if p value is <0.05 (*) , <0.01 (**) , <0.001 (***) , <0.0001 (#) .
[0221] As depicted in the Table 2, Figure 11 and Figure 12, the results indicated that treatment with Blm129, BlmTAC and a benchmark (belimumab-analog or telitacicept-analog) could significantly decrease the proportion of CD19+ / CD45+ B cell and the proportion of CD19+B cells expressing CD21+ (also known as complement C3d receptor) , which play a role in B-cell activation and maturation as compared with saline group in both blood and spleen samples during the dosing period. Compared with belimumab-analog and telitacicept-analog group, Blm129 demonstrated more potency on B cell depletion, and BlmTAC also showed a similar activity.
[0222] Table 2. B cell phenotyping of blood and spleen post Blm129 and BlmTAC treatment in BALB / c mice (mean±S.E.M., n=4)
[0223] 2. B cell subgroups and phenotypes analysis post treatment via intravenous injection once a week
[0224] B cell development takes place in the bone marrow where the expression of a cascade of surface biomarkers promotes B cell differentiation and maturation from the pro-B to pre-B to immature B to mature B cell that enters the periphery. Hence, the in-vivo activity of BlmTAC was further investigated to identify the impact on B cell subsets stained against CD19 (total B cell) , IgM (Immature B cell) , IgD (mature B cell) , CD27 (memory B cell) , CD138 (plasmablast / plasma cell) , CD21 (C3d receptor expressing B cell) and CD23 (Fc epsilon RII expressing B cell) on BALB / c mice as mentioned in Example 8.1. Briefly, mice were assigned into 3 group randomly and administrated with either Saline or 10 mg / kg of BlmTAC, Telitacicept-analog via intravenous injection once a week, respectively. Fresh blood samples were taken from fundus vein on D7, D14, D21 post treatment respectively. And animals (n=4 / group) were sacrificed and correspondent spleens across groups were harvested, followed by dissociation of the spleens with gentleMACS Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec, 130-093-235) following the manufacture instruction. Then, Lysis buffer (eBioscience, 00-4300-54) was added to remove erythrocytes. Single splenocyte and peripheral blood lymphocyte was isolated for B cell phenotyping stained against CD19, IgM, IgD, CD138, CD21 and CD23 by flow cytometry on the CytoFLEX (Beckman Coulter) . Data analysis softwares (Cytoflex and GraphPad Prism) were used to calculate the percentage of CD19+ B cells among immune cells, IgM+ / CD19+, IgD+ / CD19+, CD138+ / CD19+, CD23+ / CD19+and CD21+CD19+ B cells in blood and spleen samples respectively. The comparation between BlmTAC or Telitacicept-analog groups and the control groups was performed by statistical analysis (Student’s t test) , and the difference is significant if p value is <0.05 (* / #) , <0.01 (** / ##) , <0.001 (*** / ###) .
[0225] As depicted in the Figures 13A-13B and Figures 14A-14B, the results displayed that treatment with BlmTAC and a benchmark (Telitacicept-analog) could significantly lower the proportion of CD19+ total B cells, CD19+ mature B cells expressing IgD+, CD19+ B cells expressing CD23+, a Fc epsilon RII biomarker, regulating the IgE levels involved in allergy and autoimmune disease, and CD19+ B cells expressing CD21+ (also known as complement C3d receptor) , which play a role in B-cell activation and maturation as compared with saline group in despite of no inhibitory effect on IgM+ / CD19+ immature B cells and CD138+ / CD19+ plasmablast / plasma cells during the dosing period in both blood and spleen samples. Also, the reduction of CD27+ / CD19+ memory B cells was detected post BlmTAC and Telitacicept-analog dosing in blood samples. Compared with Telitacicept-analog group, BlmTAC was demonstrated more potency and durable effect on mature B cell depletion.
[0226] Example 9 Single Dose Pharmacokinetic (PK) study of Blm129 and BlmTAC in Balb / c Mice
[0227] The PK profile of Blm129, BlmTAC, and Belimumab-analog, Telitacicept-analog as benchmark was characterized and compared head to head in Balb / c mice following a single i.v. administration. 16 female mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (4 animals / group) and administered respectively with 13.5 mg / kg Blm129, 10 mg / kg BlmTAC, 10mg / kg Belimumab-analog or 5 mg / kg Telitacicept-analog once via i. v. bolus injection at a dose volume of 10 mL / kg. Plasma across groups were harvested at pre-dose (0 min) and 5 min, 30 min, 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, D4, D7, D10, D14, D21 post dosing and measured by partially validated ELISA assay for PK analysis. Microplate wells were pre-coated with human IgG specific anti-IgG antibody [R10z8e6] (Abcam, ab124055) . After blocking, standard (STD) , quality control (QC) samples, matrix blank sample and the test samples were added to the wells. After washing, the goat anti human IgG (HRP) (Abcam, ab98624) was added to the microplate wells. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was added to the microplate wells and colorimetric signal (blue) was developed in the presence of HRP. Once color developed, stop solution was added to each well to stop the reaction. The optical density (OD) was measured using a microplate reader set to 450nm and 620nm. The conversion of optical density (OD) values for QC and test samples into concentration was performed by comparison to a concurrently analyzed standard curve regressed with a 4-parameter logistic model. Mean plasma concentration were depicted in Table 3, and mean plasma concentration-time curves were depicted in Figure 15. The related PK parameters (Table 4) were calculated and assessed by non-compartment analysis (NCA) using Phoenix software. The results displayed that half life (T1 / 2) of Blm129 and half life (T1 / 2) of BlmTAC were approximately the same, which were longer than that of Telitacicept-analog.
[0228] Table 3. plasma drug concentrations in Balb / c mice following a single injection (mean±S.E.M., n=4)
[0229] Note: BLQ: Below limit of quantification
[0230] Table 4. PK parameters following a single injection in Balb / c mice
[0231] Equivalents
[0232] While specific embodiments of the subject invention have been discussed, the above specification is illustrative and not restrictive. Many variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the claims below. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the claims, along with their full scope of equivalents, and the specification, along with such variations.
[0233] Exemplary Sequences
Claims
1.A bispecific binding protein comprising, from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus:(a) a first moiety, which is an anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which comprises:(i) a heavy chain variable domain (VH) comprising a CDR-H1, a CDR-H2, a CDR-H3, and(ii) a light chain variable domain (VL) comprising a CDR-L1, a CDR-L2, and a CDR-L3,wherein:CDR-H1 comprises the sequence of NNAIN (SEQ ID NO: 6) ;CDR-H2 comprises the sequence of GIIPMFGTAKYSQNFQG (SEQ ID NO: 7) ;CDR-H3 comprises the sequence of SRDLLLFPHHALSP (SEQ ID NO: 8) ;CDR-L1 comprises the sequence of QGDSLRSYYAS (SEQ ID NO: 9) ;CDR-L2 comprises the sequence of GKNNRPS (SEQ ID NO: 10) ; andCDR-L3 comprises the sequence of SSRDSSGNHWV (SEQ ID NO: 11) ;wherein the CDRs are defined according to Kabat numbering; and(b) a second moiety, which is an anti-MASP2 scFv or a truncated TACI polypeptide,wherein the anti-MASP2 scFv comprises:(i) a heavy chain variable domain (VH) comprising a CDR-H1, a CDR-H2, a CDR-H3, and(ii) a light chain variable domain (VL) comprising a CDR-L1, a CDR-L2, and a CDR-L3,wherein:CDR-H1 comprises the sequence of DYYIN (SEQ ID NO: 16) ;CDR-H2 comprises the sequence of WIFPGSESAYHSEKFKA (SEQ ID NO: 17) ;CDR-H3 comprises the sequence of GDRSGPFAY (SEQ ID NO: 18) ;CDR-L1 comprises the sequence of KSSQSLLYSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 19) ;CDR-L2 comprises the sequence of LVSKLDS (SEQ ID NO: 20) ; andCDR-L3 comprises the sequence of VQVTHFPFT (SEQ ID NO: 21) ;wherein the CDRs are defined according to Kabat numbering;wherein the truncated TACI polypeptide is human TACI extracellular region set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or a fragment or variant thereof,wherein the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the first moiety is covalently linked to the amino terminus of the second moiety.2.The bispecific binding protein of claim 1, comprising two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises, from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus, the heavy chain of the first moiety, a linker peptide, and the second moiety, and each light chain is the light chain of the first moiety.3.The bispecific binding protein of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the anti-BAFF antibody and / or the anti-MASP2 scFv is a chimeric, a humanized or a human anti-BAFF antibody and / or anti-MASP2 scFv, and wherein the truncated TACI polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment or variant thereof, such as a fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26.4.The bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-3, which is a bispecific anti-BAFF X anti-MASP2 antidody, wherein the anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises or consists of: (a) a VH comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and (b) a VL comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and the anti-MASP2 scFv comprises or consists of: (a) a VH comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and (b) a VL comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith.5.The bispecific binding protein of claim 4, which comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein a constant domain of each light chain is derived from a human kappa or lambda light chain constant domain, and a constant domain of each heavy chain is derived from a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 heavy chain constant domain,Preferably, wherein each heavy chain comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and each light chain comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith.6.The bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-3, which is a fusion protein comprising an anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and a truncated TACI polypeptide or a fragment or variant thereof, wherein the anti-BAFF antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises or consists of: (a) a VH comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and (b) a VL comprising or consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and the truncated TACI polypeptide or a fragment or variant thereof comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25 or a fragment or variant thereof, such as a fragment set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26.7.The bispecific binding protein of claim 6, which comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein a constant domain of each light chain is derived from a human kappa or lambda light chain constant domain, and a constant domain of each heavy chain is derived from a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 heavy chain constant domain,Preferably, wherein each heavy chain comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith; and each light chain comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or more identity therewith.8.The bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the bispecific binding protein has one or more of the following characteristics:(1) binding to human BAFF and human MASP2, wherein binding to human BAFF with a KD of less than about 10x 10-9 M, 5x 10-9 M, 1x 10-9 M, or 5x 10-10 M, and binding to human MASP2 with a KD of less than about 10x 10-8 M, 5x 10-8 M, 1x 10-8 M, or 5x 10-9 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry;(2) binding to human BAFF and human MASP2, wherein binding to human BAFF with an EC50 of about 0.1 nM or lower, 0.08nM or lower, 0.06nM or lower, or 0.05nM or lower, and binding to human MASP2 with an EC50 of about 1 nM or lower, 0.8nM or lower, 0.6nM or lower, or 0.4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA;(3) neutralizing BAFF activity in cells expressing BCMA, with an IC50 of about 250 nM or lower, 200nM or lower, 170nM or lower, or 140nM or lower;(4) blocking the activation of complement factor C4, with an IC50 of about 10 nM or lower, 8nM or lower, 6nM or lower, or 4nM or lower;(5) depleting B cells in vivo.9.The bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-3 and 6-7, wherein the bispecific binding protein has one or more of the following characteristics:(1) binding to human BAFF and human APRIL, wherein binding to human BAFF with a KD of less than about 1x 10-12 M, and binding to human APRIL with a KD of less than about 10x 10-9 M, 5x 10-9 M, 1x 10-9 M, or 5x 10-10 M, as measured by a Biolayer Interferometry;(2) binding to human BAFF and human APRIL, wherein binding to human BAFF with an EC50 of about 0.1 nM or lower, 0.08nM or lower, 0.06nM or lower, or 0.05nM or lower, and binding to human APRIL with an EC50 of about 1 nM or lower, 0.8nM or lower, 0.6nM or lower, or 0.4nM or lower, as measured by an ELISA;(3) neutralizing BAFF activity in cells expressing BCMA, with an IC50 of about 50 nM or lower, 35nM or lower, 20nM or lower, or 10nM or lower;(4) depleting B cells in vivo.10.A nucleic acid molecule encoding the bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-9.11.A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 10.12.A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 10, or the vector of claim 11.13.A method of preparing the bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-9, comprising:culturing the host cell of claim 12 under conditions that allow the production of the bispecific binding protein; andrecovering the bispecific binding protein from the culture.14.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the bispecific binding protein of any one of claims 1-9 the nucleic acid of claim 10, the vector of claim 11, or the host cell of claim 12.15.A method for treating or preventing an autoimmune disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, preferably the subject is a human.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the autoimmune disease is selected from a group consisting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , IgAN, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , neuromyelitis optica / neuromyelitis optica-spectrum disorders (NOD / NMOD) , multiple sclerosis (MS) , Neuromyelitis Optica, Sjogren's Syndrome, ANCA associated vasculitis, Myasthenia gravis, Devic disease.