Regulating system for a timepiece movement

Abstract

Disclosed is a regulating system (150; 150') for a timepiece movement (300), comprising: - an inertial element (4; 4'), - a frame (6), and - an elastic return system (1; 1' 2, 3) for connecting the inertial element (4; 4') to the frame (6) such that the inertial element (4; 4') and the elastic return system (1; 1', 2, 3) form an oscillator (100; 100'), the elastic return system (1; 1', 2, 3) comprising: - a first elastic return element (1; 1') having a first stiffness k1, - a second elastic return element (2) having a second stiffness k2, - a third elastic return element (3) having a third stiffness k3, and - a device (200) for modifying the third stiffness k3, the first elastic return element (1; 1') and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in series between the inertial element (4; 4') and the frame (6), and the third elastic return element (3) and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in parallel between the frame (6) and the first elastic return element (1; 1').

Description

[0001] Regulating system for watch movement.

[0002] The invention relates to a regulating system for a watch movement. The invention also relates to a device for modifying the stiffness of an elastic return element. The invention further relates to a watch movement comprising such a regulating system or such a stiffness modification device. The invention finally relates to a timepiece comprising such a watch movement or such a regulating system or such a stiffness modification device.

[0003] Mechanical watch movements are commonly equipped with an oscillator taking the form of an assembly consisting of an inertial element and an elastic return element, in particular a balance wheel and a hairspring.

[0004] In order for such an assembly to constitute a sufficiently precise time base to guarantee the proper functioning of the movement, means for adjusting the inertial element or the elastic return element are used. These may, for example, be adjustment means for varying the inertia of the inertial element, or means for acting on the stiffness of the elastic return element. In particular, the inertial element may be provided with movable weights or adjustment screws in order to allow more or less fine adjustment of the rate of the movement, of the order of a few seconds or tens of seconds per day. These weights may, for example, be manipulated by a watchmaker when the inertial element is stationary, and a fortiori when the movement is stationary.Additionally or alternatively, the stiffness of the elastic return element can be adjusted by modifying the effective length of said element, for example by means of a racket. While such a system has the advantage of being able to be manipulated while the inertial element is in motion, it is not, however, satisfactory for making the adjustment sufficiently precise, with a precision comparable to that provided by the movement of the weights or the adjustment screws of the inertial element.

[0005] Patent application EP4006648 relates to a device for adjusting the effective length of a first elastic return element connected to an inertial element, which has the particularity of being directly integrated into said first elastic return element. In particular, this document discloses a first elastic return element taking the form of a hairspring whose outer end comprises a set of elastic elements. The latter are provided to move a clamp precisely opposite the terminal part of the outer end of the hairspring. The effective length of the hairspring can thus be adjusted, which induces a modification of the stiffness of the hairspring and therefore a modification of the frequency of the oscillator, namely of the inertial element - hairspring assembly, by modification of the ratio k / l where k is the stiffness of the hairspring and I the inertia of the balance.However, such a device is particularly sensitive to variations in the effective length of the hairspring. Indeed, for an oscillator with, for example, a nominal frequency of 4 Hz, a change in the stiffness of the hairspring of the order of 10% induces a variation in rate of several thousand seconds per day. It is therefore very difficult, with such an adjustment device, to achieve a fine adjustment of the order of a few seconds or tens of seconds per day. For a given hairspring, the length adjustment necessary for a rate adjustment of the order of ten seconds per day can be estimated at a few tens of micrometers. In addition, a direct action on the length of the hairspring leads to risks of disturbing the operation of the oscillator. Patent FR833085 relates to a method for synchronizing an oscillator of a mechanical clock with an electrical reference oscillator.According to a particular embodiment illustrated by Figure 2 of the specification, the clock oscillator comprises a balance returned by two balance springs, preferably of the same dimensions, the respective inner ends of which are integral with the balance shaft and the respective outer ends of which are integral with a frame, the active length of one of the two balance springs being modifiable by means of an additional device controlled by the electrical reference oscillator. Such an arrangement, with two balance springs arranged in parallel, makes it possible to gain in fine adjustment of the rate of the mechanical clock, by a factor of 2, because the stiffness of only one of the two springs is likely to be modified. However, this gain is not sufficient to achieve a fine adjustment of the order of a few seconds or tens of seconds per day, in particular by means of an index.

[0006] Patent application EP40091 15 discloses an oscillator having the particularity of comprising a first elastic return element taking the form of a hairspring connected to an inertial element taking the form of a balance, as well as a second elastic return element connected in series with the hairspring, the stiffness of this second elastic return element being modifiable by means of prestressing means provided to apply a variable force or torque to the second elastic return element, without modifying the stiffness of the hairspring. Preferably, the stiffness of the second elastic return element is greater than that of the hairspring, so that a modification of the stiffness of the second elastic return element allows finer adjustment of the rate than if one acted directly on the stiffness of the hairspring.However, it appears that the stiffness of the second elastic return element must be very significantly greater than that of the hairspring, of the order of a thousand or ten thousand times greater than that of the hairspring to allow variations in operation of the order of a few seconds per day by a modification of said stiffness of the second elastic return element. Furthermore, this modification of stiffness of the second elastic return element should be able to be done without varying the position of the outer end of the hairspring, which in practice is very difficult to achieve.

[0007] Patent application EP4016194 discloses a concept similar to that which is the subject of application EP40091 15, but for a monolithic oscillator. In particular, this oscillator comprises a flexible guide formed of elastic blades, which is intended to define a virtual pivot of an inertial element, as well as means for adjusting the stiffness of the oscillator comprising a flexible element arranged in series with the flexible guide. These adjustment means also comprise prestressing means provided to apply a variable force or torque to the flexible element so as to vary its stiffness.It appears here again that the flexible element must have a stiffness very significantly greater than that of the flexible guidance to allow variations in operation of the order of a few seconds per day by a modification of said stiffness of the flexible element, and this without varying the location of the virtual pivot defined by the flexible guidance, which in practice is very difficult to achieve.

[0008] The aim of the invention is to provide a regulating system for solving the problems mentioned above and for improving the regulating systems known from the prior art. In particular, the invention proposes a regulating system for fine and reliable adjustment of an oscillation frequency of an oscillator. Thanks to such a system, the adjustment can be carried out while the oscillator is in operation and without disturbing it. According to a first aspect of the invention, objects are defined by the following propositions:

[0009] 1. Regulating system (150; 150') for watch movement (300) comprising:

[0010] - an inertial element (4; 4'),

[0011] - a frame (6), and

[0012] - an elastic return system (1; 1 ', 2, 3) intended to connect the inertial element (4; 4') to the frame (6) so that the inertial element (4; 4') and the elastic return system (1; 1 ', 2, 3) form an oscillator (100; 100'), the elastic return system (1; 1 ', 2, 3) comprising:

[0013] - a first elastic return element (1; 1') having a first stiffness k1,

[0014] - a second elastic return element (2) having a second stiffness k2,

[0015] - a third elastic return element (3) having a third stiffness k3, and

[0016] - a device (200) for modifying the third stiffness k3, the first elastic return element (1; 1') and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in series between the inertial element (4; 4') and the frame (6), and the third elastic return element (3) and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in parallel between the frame (6) and the first elastic return element (1; 1').

[0017] 2. Regulating system (150; 150') according to proposition 1, characterized:

[0018] - in that k2+k3>k1, or even k2+k3»k1, in particular k2+k3> 10xk1, and / or

[0019] - in that the second stiffness k2 is substantially greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular in that the second stiffness k2 is substantially greater than the first stiffness k1 and substantially greater than the third stiffness k3. Regulating system (150; 150') according to proposition 1 or 2, characterized:

[0020] - in that the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=axk1 with 0.5 <a<2, et

[0021] - in that the second stiffness k2 is substantially greater than the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3, in particular k2=[3xk1 and / or k2=[3xk3 with 10<[3<80, preferably (3=20 or [3-20. Regulating system (150; 150') according to proposition 1 or 2, characterized:

[0022] - in that the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=yxk2 with 0.5 <y<2, et

[0023] - in that the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are significantly greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular k2=5xk1 and / or k3=5xk1 with 100<5<200, preferably 5=125 or 5-125. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the propositions 1 to 4, characterized in that the inertial element (4; 4') and the elastic return system (1; 1', 2, 3) are configured and / or arranged so that the oscillation frequency of the oscillator (100; 100') is between 8 Hz and 100 Hz, or is even equal to or greater than 100 Hz. Regulating system (150) according to one of the propositions 1 to 5, characterized in that the first elastic return element (1) is a spiral spring (1) comprising at least one blade (11) connected to the inertial element (4), the inertial element (4) being pivoted relative to the frame (6) around a geometric axis (A4).Regulating system (150') according to one of the propositions 1 to 5, characterized in that the first elastic return element (1') is a flexible guide (1'), comprising in particular two blades (11', 12'), configured and / or arranged to elastically return and guide, in particular pivot along a geometric axis (A4'), the inertial element (4') - Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the propositions 1 to 7, characterized in that the second elastic return element (2) comprises flexible blades (21, 22) embedded in the frame (6) and defining a pivot RCC of the first elastic return element (1; 1'), the virtual center of intersection of the flexible blades (21, 22) of which coincides with a point through which passes a geometric axis (A4; A4') around which the inertial element (4; 4') is pivoted. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of proposals 1 to 8, characterized in that the third elastic return element (3) comprises a rectilinear or curved elastic blade (31).Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the proposals 1 to 9, characterized in that the first, second and third elastic return elements are connected to each other by a connecting member (5), in particular a connecting member (5) forming part of the first elastic return element (1; 1') or formed in the continuity of a blade (11) of a spiral spring (1) forming the first elastic return element (1) or formed in the continuity of blades (11', 12') of a flexible guide (1') forming the first elastic return element (1').Regulating system (150) according to one of the propositions 1 to 10, characterized in that the second elastic return element (2) is a curved blade (21) formed in the continuity of a blade (1 1 ) of a spiral spring (1 ) forming the first elastic return element (1 ) - Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the propositions 1 to 1 1 , characterized in that the inertial element (4; 4') and the first, second and third elastic return elements are in one piece or form a monolithic assembly. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the propositions 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one of the first, second and third elastic return elements may comprise at least in part:.

[0024] - monocrystalline silicon regardless of its orientation, and / or

[0025] - polycrystalline silicon, and / or

[0026] - amorphous silicon, and / or

[0027] - amorphous silicon dioxide, and / or

[0028] - doped silicon regardless of the type and level of doping, and / or

[0029] - porous silicon, and / or

[0030] - silicon carbide, and / or

[0031] - glass, and / or

[0032] - a composite material, and / or

[0033] - technical ceramics, and / or

[0034] - quartz. Adjustment device (200) for a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of proposals 1 to 13, the device (200) being a device for modifying a third stiffness k3 of a third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of the third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of at least one blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3). Adjustment device (200) according to proposal 14, characterized in that it comprises a monolithic structure (900) intended to be mounted on a frame (6) of a watch movement (300) of a timepiece (400). Adjustment device (200) according to proposition 15, characterized in that it comprises a connecting member (5) intended to support a first elastic return element (1) of a regulating system according to one of propositions 1 to 13 and forming part of the monolithic structure (900).Adjustment device (200) according to proposition 15 or 16, characterized in that it comprises:

[0035] - the first elastic return element (1), and

[0036] - the second elastic return element (2), and

[0037] - the third elastic return element (3), of a regulating system according to one of the propositions 1 to 13, these first elastic return element (1), second elastic return element (2) and third elastic return element (3) being part of the monolithic structure (900). Adjustment device (200) according to one of the propositions 14 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a pair of clamps (81, 82), in particular a pair of clamps (81, 82) being part of the monolithic structure (900), the pair of clamps being:

[0038] - movable relative to a frame (6), and / or

[0039] - intended to pinch a blade (31), in particular a blade (31) of the third elastic return element of a regulating system according to one of proposals 1 to 13, and / or

[0040] - capable of moving relative to said blade.

[0041] 19. Watch movement (300) comprising a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of proposals 1 to 13 and / or a device (200) according to one of proposals 14 to 18.

[0042] 20. Timepiece (400), in particular wristwatch (400), comprising a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of propositions 1 to 13 and / or a device (200) according to one of propositions 14 to 18 and / or a watch movement (300) according to proposition 19.

[0043] 21. Method for adjusting an oscillator (100; 100') of a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of propositions 1 to 13 or of a watch movement (300) according to proposition 19 or of a timepiece (400) according to proposition 20, the method comprising a step of modifying the third stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element (3), in particular of modifying an active length of the third elastic return element (3), in particular of modifying an active length of at least one blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3).

[0044] According to a second aspect of the invention, objects are defined by the following propositions:

[0045] 22. Regulating system (150) for watch movement (300) comprising:

[0046] - a frame (6),

[0047] - an assembled balance (4) pivoted relative to the frame (6) around a geometric axis (A4),

[0048] - an elastic return system (1, 2, 3) intended to connect the assembled balance (4) to the frame (6) so that the assembled balance (4) and the elastic return system (1, 2, 3) form an oscillator (100), the elastic return system (1, 2, 3) comprising:

[0049] - a first elastic return element in the form of a first spiral spring (1) having a first stiffness k1,

[0050] - a second elastic return element (2) having a second stiffness k2, and

[0051] - a third elastic return element (3) having a third stiffness k3, the first elastic return element (1) and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in series between the assembled balance (4) and the frame (6), and the third elastic return element (3) and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in parallel between the frame (6) and the first elastic return element (1). Regulating system (150) according to proposition 22, characterized in that it comprises a device (200) for modifying the third stiffness k3. Regulating system (150) according to proposition 22 or 23, characterized:

[0052] - in that k2+k3>k1, or even k2+k3»k1, in particular k2+k3>10xk1, in particular k2+k3>100xk1, with k2=k3 or 0.5 <k2 / k3<2, et / ou

[0053] - in that k2+k3>k1, or even k2+k3»k1, in particular k2+k3>10xk1, in particular k2+k3>100xk1, and / or

[0054] - in that the second stiffness k2 is substantially greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular in that the second stiffness k2 is substantially greater than the first stiffness k1 and substantially greater than the third stiffness k3. Regulating system (150) according to one of proposals 22 to 24, characterized:

[0055] - in that the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=axk1 with 0.5 <a<2, et

[0056] - in that the second stiffness k2 is substantially greater than the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3, in particular k2=[3xk1 and / or k2=[3xk3 with 10<[3<80, preferably (3=20 or [3-20. Regulating system (150) according to one of proposals 22 to 25, characterized:

[0057] - in that the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=yxk2 with 0.5 <y<2, et

[0058] - in that the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are significantly greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular k2=5xk1 and / or k3=5xk1 with 100<5<200, preferably 5=125 or 5-125. Regulating system (150) according to one of the proposals 22 to 26, characterized in that the assembled balance (4) and the elastic return system (1, 2, 3) are configured and / or arranged so that the oscillation frequency of the oscillator (100) is between 3 Hz and 8 Hz, in particular 4 Hz or 5 Hz. Regulating system (150) according to one of the proposals 22 to 27, characterized in that the first balance spring (1) comprises at least one first blade (11) connected to the assembled balance (4), in particular via a collet (14) arranged at a first proximal end of the first blade (11) and fixed to an axis (42) integral with the balance (41).Regulating system (150) according to proposition 28, characterized in that the first spiral spring (1) comprises a first connecting member (12) arranged at a first distal end of the first blade (11) and making it possible to connect the first spiral spring (1) to the second elastic return element (2), in particular by means of a connecting member (5). Regulating system (150) according to one of propositions 28 to 29, characterized in that the collet (14), the first blade (11) and the first connecting member (12) form a monolithic assembly. Regulating system (150) according to one of proposals 22 to 30, characterized in that the third elastic return element (3) comprises a second spiral spring (3) including at least one second blade (31) whose second proximal end (34) is provided for fixing said second spiral spring (3) to the frame (6).Regulating system (150) according to proposal 31, characterized in that the second spiral spring (3) also comprises a second connecting member (32) arranged at a second distal end of the second blade (31) making it possible to connect said spiral spring (3) to the second elastic return element (2), in particular by means of a connecting member (5). Regulating system (150) according to one of proposals 31 to 32, characterized in that the second proximal end (34), the second blade (31) and the second connecting member (32) form a monolithic element.Regulating system (150) according to one of the propositions 22 to 33, characterized in that the second elastic return element (2) comprises at least one pair, in particular two pairs, of elastic blades (21 a, 21 b, 22a, 22b) forming a flexible guide, in particular an RCC pivot, of the first spiral spring (1) and of the second spiral spring (3), the virtual center of intersection of the blades of which coincides with a point through which the axis (A4) passes. Regulating system (150) according to proposition 34, characterized in that the elastic blades (21 a, 21 b, 22a, 22b) each have a U-shape or substantially U-shape or a V-shape or substantially V-shape or a W-shape or substantially W-shape.Regulating system (150) according to one of the proposals 22 to 35 and according to proposal 25 or 28, characterized in that the connecting member (5) comprises two plates (51, 52) for receiving the first and second connecting members (12, 32), the two plates (51, 52) being connected to the frame (6) by the second elastic return element (2). Regulating system (150) according to one of the proposals 22 to 36, characterized in that at least one of the first, second and third elastic return elements may comprise at least in part:.

[0059] - monocrystalline silicon regardless of its orientation, and / or

[0060] - polycrystalline silicon, and / or

[0061] - amorphous silicon, and / or

[0062] - amorphous silicon dioxide, and / or

[0063] - doped silicon regardless of the type and level of doping, and / or

[0064] - porous silicon, and / or

[0065] - silicon carbide, and / or

[0066] - glass, and / or

[0067] - a composite material, and / or

[0068] - technical ceramics, and / or - quartz, and / or

[0069] - a metal, and / or

[0070] - a metal alloy, in particular an alloy based on Nb-Zr or Nb-Ti. Adjusting device (200) for a regulating system (150) according to one of proposals 22 to 37 and according to proposal 23, the device (200) being a device for modifying a third stiffness k3 of a third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of the third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of at least one blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of at least one straight or curved or spiral blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3). Adjustment device (200) according to proposition 38, characterized in that it comprises a monolithic structure (900) intended to be mounted on a frame (6) of a watch movement (300) of a timepiece (400).Adjustment device (200) according to proposition 39, characterized in that it comprises a connecting member (5) intended to support a first elastic return element (1) of a regulating system according to one of propositions 22 to 37 and forming part of the monolithic structure (900). Adjustment device (200) according to proposition 39 or 40, characterized in that it comprises the spiral spring (1) of a regulating system according to one of propositions 22 to 37, the spiral spring (1) forming part of the monolithic structure (900). 42. Watch movement (300) comprising a regulating system (150) according to one of propositions 22 to 37 and / or a device (200) according to one of propositions 38 to 41.

[0071] 43. Timepiece (400), in particular wristwatch (400), comprising a regulating system (150) according to one of propositions 22 to 37 and / or a device (200) according to proposition 38 to 41 and / or a watch movement (300) according to proposition 42.

[0072] 44. Method for adjusting an oscillator (100) of a regulating system (150) according to one of propositions 22 to 37 or of a watch movement (300) according to proposition 42 or of a timepiece (400) according to proposition 43, the method comprising a step of modifying the third stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element (3), in particular of modifying an active length of the third elastic return element (3), in particular of modifying an active length of at least one blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3).

[0073] The attached drawings represent, by way of examples, two embodiments of a timepiece according to the invention.

[0074] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of a timepiece according to the invention.

[0075] Figure 2 is a schematic view of a first variant of a first embodiment of a regulating system.

[0076] Figure 3 is a schematic view of a second variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system. Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of a third variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0077] Figure 5 is a side view of the third variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0078] Figure 6 is a top view of a portion of the third variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0079] Figure 7 is a perspective view of a fourth variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0080] Figure 8 is a schematic view of a fifth variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0081] Figure 9 is a view of a timepiece incorporating a first variant of a second embodiment of a regulating system.

[0082] Figure 10 is a schematic view of a second variant of the second embodiment of the regulating system.

[0083] Figure 11 is a view specifying the structure of the first variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0084] Figure 12 is a partial detailed view of the structure of the first variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system.

[0085] Regardless of the embodiment or variant, a timepiece 400 is described below in detail with reference to FIG. 1. The timepiece 400 is for example a watch, in particular a wristwatch. The timepiece 400 comprises a watch movement 300 intended to be mounted in a timepiece case or box in order to protect it from the external environment.

[0086] The 300 watch movement can be a mechanical movement, in particular an automatic movement, or a hybrid movement, namely a mechanical movement including electronic elements.

[0087] The 300 watch movement includes a 150 regulating system.

[0088] The 150 regulating system includes:

[0089] - a frame 6,

[0090] - an oscillator 100; 100' including an inertial element 4; 4' and an elastic return system 1; 1', 2, 3, and

[0091] - preferably, a device 200 for modifying the stiffness of an elastic return element 3 of the elastic return system, in particular by modifying an active length of the elastic return element 3.

[0092] According to the first aspect of the invention, the regulating system 150 for watch movement 300 comprises:

[0093] - the inertial element 4; 4',

[0094] - frame 6, and

[0095] - the elastic return system 1; 1 ', 2, 3 intended to connect the inertial element 4; 4' to the frame 6, the elastic return system 1; 1 ', 2, 3 comprising:

[0096] - a first elastic return element 1; 1' having a first stiffness k1,

[0097] - a second elastic return element 2 having a second stiffness k2, - a third elastic return element 3 having a third stiffness k3, and

[0098] - the device 200 for modifying the third stiffness k3, in particular by modifying an active length of the third elastic return element 3.

[0099] The first elastic return element 1; 1' and the second elastic return element 2 are mounted in series between the inertial element 4; 4' and the frame 6, and the third elastic return element 3 and the second elastic return element 2 are mounted in parallel between the frame 6 and the first elastic return element 1; 1'.

[0100] According to the second aspect of the invention, the regulating system 150 for watch movement 300 comprises:

[0101] - frame 6,

[0102] - an inertial element 4 taking the form of an assembled balance 4 pivoted relative to the frame 6 around a geometric axis A4,

[0103] - the elastic return system 1, 2, 3 intended to connect the assembled balance 4 to the frame 6.

[0104] The elastic recall system 1, 2, 3 includes:

[0105] - a first elastic return element in the form of a first spiral spring 1 having a first stiffness k1,

[0106] - a second elastic return element 2 having a second stiffness k2, and

[0107] - a third elastic return element 3 having a third stiffness k3.

[0108] The first elastic return element 1 and the second elastic return element 2 are mounted in series between the assembled balance 4 and the frame 6, and the third elastic return element 3 and the second elastic return element 2 are mounted in parallel between the frame 6 and the first elastic return element 1. Two elastic return elements of a system are said to be "in series" when they follow one after the other or are linked to each other by one of their respective ends, so as to connect two separate elements, so that when a mechanical stress having a given intensity is applied to the system, in particular to one or other of the two separate elements, each of the two elastic return elements is subjected at least substantially to this given intensity of this stress.

[0109] Two elastic return elements of a system are said to be "in parallel" when they directly connect two separate elements by their two respective ends, so that when a deformation having a given intensity is applied to the system, each of the two elastic return elements is deformed at least substantially by this intensity.

[0110] The regulating system and / or the oscillator are specifically shaped and / or arranged so as to allow fine adjustment of the rate of the movement by modifying the stiffness of an elastic return element taking part in said oscillator. This adjustment can in particular be carried out by modifying the effective or active length of at least one elastic blade of an elastic return element taking part in said oscillator, in particular by means of a lever or a frame movable relative to the frame.

[0111] The oscillator 100, shown schematically in Figure 1, has the particularity of comprising:

[0112] - the first elastic return element 1 of stiffness k1 connected to the inertial element 4,

[0113] - the second elastic return element 2 of stiffness k2 connected in series with the first elastic return element 1, as well as

[0114] - the third elastic return element 3 of stiffness k3 also connected in series with the first elastic return element 1 and in parallel with the second elastic return element 2, the stiffness k3 of this third elastic return element 3 being modifiable by means of the device 200 for modifying the stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element 3. Advantageously, the stiffness k3 of this third elastic return element 3 can be modified by a modification of the effective or active length of at least one elastic blade 31 of said third elastic return element 3, in particular by means of a lever or a frame 7.More advantageously, the stiffness k3 of this third elastic return element 3 can be modified by a modification of the effective or active length of only one elastic blade 31 of said third elastic return element 3; the first and second elastic return elements 1, 2, having no device for modifying their respective stiffnesses k1, k2. This configuration has the advantage of simplifying the implementation of the regulating system and / or the adjustment system compared to another system within which the effective lengths of several elastic blades can be modified.

[0115] The adjustment of the step obtained by this configuration is all the finer since only the effective length of a single blade 31 is adjustable in the entire elastic return system comprising the three elastic return elements 1, 2, 3. This single stiffness adjustment will therefore have a reduced effect on the total stiffness of the elastic return system comprising the three elastic return elements 1, 2, 3, which allows finer adjustment of the system. Thus, advantageously, the adjustment device 200 acts exclusively on a single blade 31 of the third elastic return element 3.

[0116] The studies carried out by the inventors show that such an arrangement of the return elements 1, 2, 3 of the oscillator 100 allows, for judiciously chosen stiffnesses k1, k2, k3, a particularly fine adjustment of the rate. For example, for an oscillator 100 with a frequency of 4 Hz, and for a given stiffness k1, and for k2=20xk1 and k3=k1, a variation of ±10% of stiffness k3 induces a variation in the rate of the timepiece comprising the oscillator 100 equal or substantially equal to ±10 s / d.

[0117] It appears that a variation of the order of ±10% of the stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element 3 can be made possible by the use of a lever or a frame making it possible to adjust the effective or active length of at least one elastic blade 31 of the third elastic return element 3. The lever or the frame can be manipulated by a watchmaker or by any autonomous device. For example, such a variation in stiffness of the order of ±10% can be generated by a movement of a lever or a frame by an angle of a few degrees or about ten degrees around the axis A4.

[0118] The regulating system 150 is described below according to different embodiments and variants which either involve traditional watchmaking elements such as a balance wheel and at least one balance spring, or guides and flexible elements capable of forming a monolithic assembly.

[0119] In the first embodiment (shown in Figures 2 to 8), the first elastic return element takes the form of a spiral spring 1 which is connected to an inertial element 4.

[0120] In the second embodiment (shown in Figures 9 and 10), the first elastic return element takes the form of a flexible guide 1' provided to elastically return, but also to guide, in particular to pivot, the inertial element 4'. Different variants of these two embodiments are described below. In these variants:

[0121] - the third elastic return element can take various forms such as a straight or curved elastic blade, or a spiral spring, and

[0122] - the inertial element can be reduced to an oscillating mass or take the form of a balance pivoted by an axis (commonly called an "assembled balance"). In the latter case, the axis can be secured to the balance, in particular by driving it in. Alternatively, the axis can be made from the same material as the balance. In other words, the axis and the balance can form a monolithic assembly.

[0123] Whatever the embodiment or variant, the first elastic return element 1 may be connected respectively to the second and third elastic return elements 2, 3 by means of a connecting member 5 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 10. Advantageously, this connecting member 5 may be a rigid element contributing to mechanically decoupling the second and third elastic return elements 2, 3 from the first elastic return element 1 connected to the inertial element, so that any disturbances induced by the second and third elastic return elements 2, 3 (such as for example a non-linearity of the stiffnesses k2 and k3), affect to a lesser extent the operation of the assembly constituted by the inertial element and the first elastic return element.

[0124] Regardless of the embodiment or variant, the second and third elastic return elements 2, 3 are connected to the frame 6. The frame may be a frame of the watch movement 300, in particular a blank 6, such as a plate or a bridge, in particular a balance bridge. Regardless of the embodiment or variant, the third elastic return element 3 may be connected to the frame 6 via an element 7 for adjusting the modification device 200.

[0125] Whatever the embodiment or variant (using a spiral spring or a flexible guide as the first elastic return element), an advantageous way of producing the second elastic return element consists of the use of an RCC pivot (acronym for “Remote Center Compliance” or “pivot with an offset axis”), consisting of at least two embedded blades, having a function of guiding the connecting member 5. The virtual center of intersection of the flexible blades which constitute the RCC pivot can advantageously coincide with a point through which the geometric axis A4 of the inertial element passes (for the first embodiment) or coincide with a point through which the geometric (and virtual) axis A4' of the flexible guide 1' and of the inertial element passes (for the second embodiment).This configuration improves the stability of the oscillator 100; 100' compared to any other arrangements of the three elastic return elements.

[0126] The inertial element 4; 4', in particular the "assembled balance wheel 4", or more generally the oscillator 100; 100' or the regulating system 150, regulates a finishing chain or going train of the movement 300 by means of a watch escapement. Any known watch escapement structure and any known going train structure can be used.

[0127] In a first variant (shown schematically in FIG. 2) of the first embodiment, the first elastic return element takes the form of a spiral spring 1 provided with a blade 11, a first proximal end of which is connected to an oscillating mass 41 of an inertial element 4 via an axis 42 of geometric axis A4. The second elastic return element 2 comprises two elastic blades 21, 22. The two blades 21, 22 are preferably rectilinear. They are for example oriented radially relative to the pivot axis A4 of the inertial element 4.

[0128] The third elastic return element 3 takes the form of a single elastic blade 31. The blade 3 is preferably rectilinear. The blade 31 is for example oriented radially relative to the pivot axis A4 of the inertial element 4.

[0129] The blades 21, 22, 31 are connected, at each of their first ends, to the spiral spring 1 at an extreme portion 5 of the spiral spring 1, substantially more rigid than the blade 11 and extending the blade 11 at the distal end of the spiral spring 1. These blades 21, 22, 31 are also connected, at each of their second ends, to the frame 6. In particular, the second ends of the blades 21, 22 are embedded, in particular permanently embedded, in the frame 6. In particular again, the second end of the blade 31 is taken or held between two pins 81, 82 secured to the adjustment element 7 consisting of a lever 7 or a frame 7 which is connected to the frame 6 while being able to be moved in translation relative to said frame 6. The pins make it possible to pinch and / or hold and / or support the third blade 31 at the point of contact with the pins.At these points of contact, the deflection of the third blade 31 is limited, or even cancelled. The bending of the blade thus occurs between its point of connection to the end portion 5 and the points of contact with the pins. Consequently, the effective or active length of the third blade which is in bending can be adjusted by moving the lever 7 or the frame 7. This has the effect of modifying the stiffness k3 of the third blade 31. In operation of the oscillator 100, the inertial element 4 oscillates around the axis A4, which induces an expansion and a compression of the blade 11, but also a bending of the blades 21, 22, 31. In particular, the blades 21, 22 define a flexible guide making it possible to connect the blade 11 and the connecting member 5 of the spiral spring 1 to the frame 6. In particular, the blades 21, 22 here define an RCC (Remote Center Compliance) pivot connecting the blade 11 and the connecting member 5 of the spiral spring 1 to the frame 6.The axis of the RCC pivot is preferably merged with the geometric axis A4 around which the inertial element 4 is pivoted. A modification of the effective length of the blade 31 (and therefore of its stiffness k3, as seen previously) makes it possible to vary the stiffness k100 of the oscillator 100 comprising such a spiral spring 1 connected in series with the blades 21, 22, and the blade 31 respectively.

[0130] As seen previously, this is made possible thanks to the pins 81, 82 which provide supports and make it possible to define the effective length of the blade 31 under the effect of a translation of the lever 7 or the frame 7.

[0131] The studies carried out by the inventors show that such an arrangement of blades 11, 21, 22, 31 for oscillator 100 allows, for judiciously chosen stiffnesses k1, k2, k3, a particularly fine adjustment of the rate. For example, for an oscillator 100 having an operating frequency of 4 Hz, and for a given stiffness k1, and for k2=20xk1 and k3=k1, a variation of ±10% of stiffness k3 induces a variation in the rate of the timepiece comprising the oscillator 100 equal or substantially equal to ±10 s / d.

[0132] In a second variant (shown schematically in Figure 3) of the first embodiment, the blade 31 has a curved geometry (circular or substantially circular), and its effective length can be adjusted by means of a lever 7 or a frame 7 that can be moved in rotation. These characteristics are in particular the only differences with the first variant of the first embodiment.

[0133] For example, in this second variant, the connecting member 5 has a slightly more complex conformation than that of the connecting member 5 of the first variant. In particular, the connecting member 5 according to this second variant may have a bent geometry. The connecting member 5 may have a first circular or substantially circular portion extending around the axis A4 to secure the blades 21, 22 to the blade 11 (identically to the first variant) and a second rectilinear portion, oriented radially or substantially radially relative to the axis A4, being provided to secure the blade 31 to the blade 11.

[0134] The other end of the blade 31 is, for its part, preferably embedded in the frame 6. Nevertheless, the effective or active length of this blade 31, which moves on either side of its rest position under the effect of the oscillations of the inertial element 4 around the geometric axis A4, is defined by pins 81 and 82 which are integral with a lever or a rotating frame 7 relative to the frame 6. In the same way as in the first variant, the pins 81 and 82 provide support points against the blade 31 and thus define one end of the effective or active length of this blade 31, that is to say define the length of the blade 31 actually subjected to bending.

[0135] In a third variant (shown in Figures 4 to 6) of the first embodiment, the third elastic return element takes the form of a spiral spring 3 provided with a blade 31 whose proximal end 34 is connected or fixed to the frame 6 (shown schematically in Figures 4 and 5). This spiral spring 3 is connected to the spiral spring 1, in particular to the blade 11 of the spiral spring 1, by means of a connecting member 5, which connecting member 5 is mechanically connected to the frame 6 via a second elastic return element 2. The frame is here preferably a blank 6, such as a bridge, in particular a balance bridge.

[0136] In particular, the second elastic return element 2 and the connecting member 5 are made from the same material as an intermediate member 61 fixed or attached to the rest of the frame 6. The intermediate member 61 is therefore part of the frame 6. More generally, the second elastic return element 2 and the connecting member 5 are included within the same intermediate member 61 fixed to the rest of the frame 6.

[0137] This intermediate member 61, shown specifically in FIG. 6, has a generally elongated plate shape. This intermediate member 61 is advantageously provided with two pairs of elastic blades 21 a, 21 b and 22 a, 22 b forming the second elastic return element 2.

[0138] In particular, these two pairs of blades are arranged symmetrically opposite a plane P passing through the geometric axis A4 of the axis 42 which is connected to the balance 41, the axis 42 passing through a central opening 610 of the member 61.

[0139] The pair of blades 21 a, 21 b elastically connects a first portion or plate 51 to the intermediate member 61. The pair of blades 22 a, 22 b elastically connects a second portion or plate 52 to the intermediate member 61. The portions or plates 51 and 52 together constitute the connecting member 5. Thus, the plates 51, 52 are respectively secured to the pairs of blades 21 a, 21 b and 22 a, 22 b.

[0140] Each of these plates 51, 52 is designed to be fixed respectively to a respective first end 13a, 33a and to a respective second end 13b, 33b of the spiral springs 1 and 3. Thus, the spiral springs 1, 3 are connected to the plates 51, 52 constituting the connecting member 5. These plates are themselves connected to the frame 6 by the elastic blades 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b.

[0141] The member 61 fixed to the rest of the bridge 6 can thus constitute a support for spiral springs 1 and 3.

[0142] In particular, the first ends 13a, 13b and second ends 33a, 33b each take the form of studs or pins intended to be fitted, in particular driven, into openings 53a, 53b respectively formed at the level of each of the plates 51, 52. Alternatively, the two plates could comprise studs and the connecting members of the spiral springs could comprise openings for receiving or driving these studs.

[0143] Each of the plates 51, 52 is formed in the continuity of the blades 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b which each have a U-shape or substantially U-shape. Alternatively, the elastic blades 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b may for example each have a V-shape or substantially V-shape or a W-shape or substantially W-shape. Alternatively, the elastic blades 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b may for example each have a shape making it possible to obtain the targeted stiffness value.

[0144] In particular, the structures 21 a, 21 b, 51 and 22 a, 22 b, 52 constitute single-piece elements or elements formed from a single piece. More generally, these structures are included within the intermediate member 61, the latter forming a monolithic assembly. The single-piece assembly can integrate the two plates 51, 52.

[0145] The pairs of studs 13a, 13b and 33a, 33b are respectively secured to a connecting member 12, 32 formed respectively in the continuity of the blades 11, 31 of the balance springs 1, 3 at their distal end. In particular, these two pairs of studs are arranged symmetrically opposite the aforementioned plane P, so that they can each cooperate with the pairs of elastic blades 21a, 21b and 22a, 22b via the plates 51, 52 which form the connecting member 5.

[0146] The first connecting member 12 is arranged at a first distal end of the first blade 11 and makes it possible to connect the first spiral spring 1 to the second elastic return element 2, in particular via the connecting member 5.

[0147] The second connecting member 32 is arranged at a second distal end of the third blade 31 and makes it possible to connect the second spiral spring 3 to the second elastic return element 2, in particular via the connecting member 5.

[0148] Each of these pairs of elastic blades 21 a, 21 b and 22a, 22b defines a flexible guide for the spirals 1 and 3, in particular an RCC pivot (whose virtual center coincides with the axis A4), while connecting the spirals 1 and 3 via the portions 51, 52.

[0149] In the construction example illustrated by figures 4 and 5, the intermediate member 61 is arranged at the interface of the balance springs 1 and 3. In other words, the intermediate member is arranged between the balance springs 1 and 3 along the axis A4 or along a vertical direction z represented schematically by an arrow in figure 5.

[0150] The modification device 200 can for example be arranged between the balance spring 3 and the frame 6, in particular the balance bridge 6 (in the vertical direction z). As described in the preceding variants and as is more particularly visible in FIG. 5, pins 81, 82 are integral with a lever 7 or a frame 7, which is connected to the frame 6 while being able to be moved in rotation relative to said frame 6.

[0151] Advantageously, the blades 11 and 31 of the balance springs 1, 3 may be similar or substantially similar, or even identical. Thus, advantageously k3=k1. For example, for an oscillator 100 having a frequency of 4 Hz, and for a given stiffness k1 which is equal to k3, and for k2=20xk1, a variation of ±10% of stiffness k3 induces a variation in the rate of the timepiece comprising the oscillator 100 equal or substantially equal to ±10 s / d.

[0152] Such a variant has the advantage of using traditional watch elements (for example, the balance springs 1, 3, the assembled balance 4) while allowing assembly facilitated by the specific conformation of the intermediate member 61, which has the advantage of combining the functions of the second elastic return element 2 and the connecting member 5.

[0153] Furthermore, the balance 41, the shaft 42 and the balance spring 1 (fixed to the shaft 42 by means of a collet 14 for example) have the advantage of being able to be assembled directly on a frame 6 if it is not desired to allow adjustment by means of a modification device 200. Thus, this assembly 41, 42, 1 can constitute a standardized assembly which can be integrated both within a conventional movement and within a movement 300 equipped with a modification device 200.

[0154] The ferrule 14 is preferably arranged at a first proximal end of the first blade 11 and fixed to the axis 42 secured to the balance 41. Advantageously, the ferrule 14, the first blade 11 and the first connecting member 12 form a monolithic assembly. Similarly, advantageously, the second proximal end 34, the second blade 31 and the second connecting member 32 can form a monolithic element.

[0155] A fourth variant (shown in Figure 7) of the first embodiment differs essentially from the third variant in that the third blade 31 is much more rigid. Compared to the third variant, the cross-section of the blade 31 is increased and / or the length of the blade 31 is shortened. For example, the stiffness of the second elastic return element 2 and the stiffness of the third elastic return element 3 are equal or substantially equal.

[0156] Indeed, the studies carried out by the inventors also show that, for an oscillator 100 having for example a frequency of 4 Hz, and for a given stiffness k1, and for second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 similar or of the same order, substantially greater than that of stiffness k1, of the order of 125xk1, a variation of ±10% of stiffness k3 induces a variation in the rate of the timepiece comprising the oscillator 100 equal or substantially equal to ±15 s / d.

[0157] In a fifth variant (shown schematically in FIG. 8) of the first embodiment, it is proposed to form the second elastic return element 2, as well as the connecting member 5, in the continuity of the blade 11 of the spiral spring 1. Thus, the second elastic return element 2 is here in the form of a curved elastic blade 21, more rigid than the blade 11. The connecting member 5 is in the form of an elbow 51 (oriented radially or substantially radially relative to the axis A4), which is formed at the distal end of the blade 11. This makes it possible to connect the blade 11 to a curved elastic blade 31 forming the third elastic return element, but also to connect the latter to the curved elastic blade 21.The distal ends of the blades 21 and 31 are connected to the frame 6 via an elbow 210 formed at the distal end of the blade 21, for example by a built-in connection.

[0158] The adjustment of the effective length of the curved elastic blade 31 is again carried out by pins 81, 82 of a lever 7 or frame movable in rotation opposite the frame 6.

[0159] According to the second embodiment, the first elastic return element 1 ' takes the form of a flexible guide 1 ' provided to elastically return, but also guide, in particular pivot, an inertial element 4' along an axis A4'. For this purpose, the first elastic return element 1 ' may comprise two blades 11 ' and 12' which intersect so as to form for example a Wittrick pivot. In particular, these blades 11 ' and 12' are arranged in two distinct and parallel planes. These blades 11 ', 12' are connected, at each of their first ends, to a connecting member 5. These blades 11 ', 12' are also connected, at each of their second ends, to an oscillating mass 41 '. Thus, the inertial element 4' can comprise the oscillating mass 41', but also the blades 11' and 12' forming the first elastic return element 1' as well as a guide element 42'.

[0160] According to a first variant of the second embodiment (illustrated by FIG. 9 and the principle of which is comparable to the first variant of the first embodiment), the second elastic return element 2 comprises two rectilinear elastic blades 21, 22 constituting a pivot RCC, and the third elastic return element 3 takes the form of a single rectilinear elastic blade 31, each of these blades 21, 22, 31 extending radially or substantially radially relative to the axis A4'. The blades 11', 12' and 21, 22 and 31 are connected to each other, at each of their first ends, by means of a connecting member 5. The blades 21, 22, 31 are also connected, at each of their second ends, to the frame 6.In particular, the second ends of the blades 21, 22 are permanently embedded in the frame 6, and the second end of the blade 31 is taken between two projections 81, 82 secured to a frame 7 of a modification device 200, which is connected to the frame 6 while being able to be moved in translation relative to said frame 6.

[0161] In operation of the oscillator 100', the mass 41' oscillates around the axis A4', which induces a bending of the blades 11' and 12', but also a bending of the blades 21, 22, 31. In particular, the blades 21, 22 define a flexible guide making it possible to connect the blades 11', 12' and the connecting member 5 to the frame 6. In particular, the blades 21, 22 define a pivot RCC connecting the blades 11', 12' and the connecting member 5 to the frame 6. The axis of the pivot RCC is preferably coincident with the geometric (and virtual) axis A4' around which the inertial element 4' is pivoted. A modification of the effective length of the blade 31 makes it possible to vary the stiffness k100' of the oscillator 100' comprising such a first elastic return element 1' connected in series with the blades 21, 22, and the blade 31 respectively.

[0162] The inventors' studies have shown that such an arrangement of blades 11', 12', 21, 22, 31 for oscillator 100' allows, for judiciously chosen stiffnesses k1', k2, k3, a particularly fine adjustment of the rate. For example, for an oscillator 100' with a frequency of 10 Hz, and for a given stiffness k1', and for k2=20xk1' and k3=k1', a variation of ±10% of stiffness k3 induces a variation in the rate of the timepiece comprising the oscillator 100 equal or substantially equal to ±10 s / d.

[0163] A second variant of the second embodiment (illustrated by figure 10) is substantially equivalent to the first variant except that the blade 31 has a curved geometry, and that its effective or active length can be adjusted by means of a lever 7 which can be moved in rotation.

[0164] For this purpose, the connecting member 5 has a slightly more complex conformation than that of the connecting member 5 of the first variant. In particular, the connecting member 5 according to this second variant has a bent geometry. Two first circular or substantially circular portions extend around the axis A4' to secure the blades 21, 22 to the blades 11' and 12' and a second rectilinear portion, oriented radially or substantially radially relative to the axis A4', is provided to secure the blade 31 to the blades 11', 12'.

[0165] The other end of the blade 31 is embedded in the frame 6. Nevertheless, the effective length of this blade 31, which moves on either side of its rest position under the effect of the oscillations of the inertial element 4' around the virtual axis A4', is defined by the pins 81 and 82 which are integral with the rotary lever 7 mechanically linked to the frame 6.

[0166] An example of the structure of the first variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system is described below with reference to Figures 11 and 12.

[0167] The oscillator 100 comprises an oscillating mass 41 of an inertial element 4, in particular a balance wheel, and a first elastic return element 1, in particular a balance spring. The oscillator 100 also comprises a second elastic return element forming part of a support 2 of the first elastic return element 1.

[0168] The spiral spring 1 is equipped with a blade 1 1:

[0169] - a first proximal end 14 of which is connected to the oscillating mass 41 via an axis 42 of geometric axis A4, and

[0170] - a second distal end of which comprises a first connecting member 12 intended to be fixed to a second connecting member 5 of the support 2, in particular by means of tenons or pins 213a, 213b intended to be inserted respectively into openings 212a, 212b and 221a, 221b formed respectively on the first and second connecting members, in particular at each of their ends.

[0171] The second connecting member 5 is fixed to a rigid frame 20 by means of elastic blades 21, 22, each provided with flexible portions at their respective ends. Thus, the second elastic return element takes the form of the second connecting member 5 articulated on the frame 20 by means of the elastic blades 21, 22.

[0172] A third elastic return element 3 takes the form of a single elastic blade 31, here rectilinear, which is integral with the second connecting member 5, and which is for example arranged between the elastic blades 21, 22 on the outer periphery of the second connecting member 5.

[0173] In the embodiment described, the elements 20, 21, 22, 5 of the support 2 and the blade 31 of the third elastic return element 3 form a monolithic structure 900 of the regulating system 150, which is integral with the frame 6 of the timepiece 400, in particular of the movement 300. In the embodiment described, a stiffness selection device 308 of the elastic return system 10 makes it possible to select a stiffness from 3 predetermined stiffnesses ksr1, ksr2, ksr3,

[0174] - the stiffness ksr1 inducing a nominal frequency f1 of the first oscillator 100,

[0175] - the stiffness ksr2 being greater than the stiffness ksr1 and inducing a frequency f2 greater than the frequency f1, and

[0176] - the stiffness ksr3 being lower than the stiffness ksr1 and inducing a frequency f3 lower than the frequency f1.

[0177] By "predetermined stiffness" we mean here a stiffness determined in advance, which is centered on a value ksr1 or ksr2 or ksr3. Naturally, these predetermined stiffnesses ksr1, ksr2, ksr3 can each vary over a given range, the amplitude of which is a function of the tolerances of the system. Preferably, the stiffness ksr1 is likely to vary over a more restricted range, or even much more restricted than those associated with the stiffnesses ksr2, ksr3, so as to induce a nominal frequency f1 of the first oscillator.

[0178] Thus, a stiffness ksr2 of the elastic return system 10 makes it possible to correct a possible delay of a display device of the timepiece or makes it possible to correct a possible delay of a mobile controlling a possible display device of the timepiece, and a stiffness ksr3 of the elastic return system 10 makes it possible to correct a possible advance of a display device of the timepiece or makes it possible to correct a possible advance of a mobile controlling a possible display device of the timepiece.

[0179] In the embodiment described, the stiffness selection device 308 of the elastic return system 10 acts specifically on the stiffness of the third elastic return element 3, more particularly on the stiffness of the elastic blade 31. Thus, the stiffness selection device 308 makes it possible to select a determined stiffness of the third elastic return element 3 from among 3 predetermined stiffnesses k31, k32, k33, the stiffnesses ksr1, ksr2, ksr3 of the elastic return system 10 being correlated respectively with the stiffnesses k31, k32, k33.Thus, a stiffness k31 of the elastic blade 31 makes it possible to define a nominal frequency f1 of the first oscillator 100, a stiffness k32 of the elastic blade 31 makes it possible to correct a possible delay of a display device of the timepiece or a possible delay of a mobile controlling a possible display device of the timepiece, and a stiffness k33 of the elastic blade 31 makes it possible to correct a possible advance of the display device of the timepiece or a possible advance of a mobile controlling a possible display device of the timepiece, as will be described below.

[0180] It appears that such an arrangement of elastic return elements 1, 2, 3, with respective stiffnesses ksr1, ksr2, ksr3 judiciously chosen, allows a particularly fine adjustment of the rate. For example, a variation of ±10% of stiffness ksr3 induces a variation in the rate of the timepiece comprising the first oscillator 100 equal or substantially equal to ±10 s / d.

[0181] For illustration purposes, Figure 12 shows the selection device 308 in black. This is part of the monolithic structure 900 intended to be attached to the frame 6 of the movement 300, in particular to a blank.

[0182] Thus, more generally, the selection device 308 comprises an adjustment element 7 or at least one pair of clamps 81, 82 provided to act on the active length of the elastic blade 31, as well as a selection beak 306 cooperating with a toothed structure 305 which are provided to position the pair of clamps 81, 82 according to one of three stable positions predefined by the teeth of the structure 305.

[0183] This selection device 308 can be actuated in order to position the pair of clamps 81, 82 in three stable positions by moving the selection beak 306 opposite the toothed structure 305.

[0184] Overall, the stiffness adjustment or modification device 200 may comprise a monolithic structure 900 of which the clamps 81 and 82 are part, the clamps being movable (along the third blade 3), relative to a base 20 of the monolithic structure 900, this base 20 being fixed to the frame 6.

[0185] More specifically, the clamps 81, 82 are connected to a frame 304 via flexible blades 601 and the frame 304 is connected to the base 20 via flexible blades. Due to this structure, the clamps 81, 82 (and more generally the assembly comprising the frame 304) can be moved relative to the frame.

[0186] The selection device 308 comprises the clamps 81, 82, the frame 304 and the base 20. The toothed structure 305 can be made on one of the frame 304 and the base 20, and the selection beak can be made on the other of the frame 304 and the base 20.

[0187] The embodiment of figures 11 and 12 is remarkable for the following characteristics:

[0188] - the adjustment element 7 comprises two projections or clamps 81, 82 which are mounted on the frame 6 via elastic blades 601, and are returned against the third elastic blade 3 by means of a prestressing element or tenon 303; and / or

[0189] - the clamps 81, 82 are integrated into a monolithic structure 900 of which a base 20 is intended to be attached to the frame 6; and / or

[0190] - the blades 21, 22 of the second elastic return element are also formed within this monolithic structure 900 and are connected to the connecting member 5 (of the first elastic return element) and to a base 20 mounted on the frame 6, and / or

[0191] - one end of the third elastic blade may be free, and / or

[0192] - the first elastic return element 1 (which can take the form of a spiral spring) can be formed within the monolithic structure 900, and / or

[0193] - the support 5 or the connecting member 5 (supporting the first elastic return element 1, in particular supporting the spiral spring) is made in one piece with the monolithic structure 900 or is part of the monolithic structure, and / or

[0194] - the clamps 81, 82 act to immobilize the third elastic blade in a transverse direction of the third blade (and in the plane of figure 12), and / or

[0195] - the clamps 81, 82 act without prestressing or deforming the third blade.

[0196] These characteristics illustrated within the first variant of the first embodiment of the regulating system in figures 11 and 12 can be implemented regardless of the embodiment or variant of the regulating system.

[0197] More generally, the selection device 308 may also be provided in order to position the pair of clamps 81, 82 according to n stable positions by moving the selection beak 306 opposite the toothed structure 305. Advantageously, n may be equal to 3, but may also be different, in particular may be equal to 2 or be equal to 4 or 5. Alternatively, the selection device may be a continuous adjustment system. In this case, it is not a discrete adjustment system comprising n predefined adjustment positions, but an adjustment system actuable for example by means of an eccentric capable of oscillating over a determined range devoid of notch or discrete position.

[0198] Regardless of the embodiment or variant, the oscillator 100, 100' may be monolithic or consist of an assembly of elements.

[0199] Preferably, the spiral springs 1, 3 described in this document comprise a single blade. Naturally, it is entirely possible to implement at least one spiral spring comprising several blades, such as two blades, on one or more planes.

[0200] Regardless of the embodiment or variant, the oscillator 100; 100' may comprise one or more other elastic return elements in addition to the first, second and third elastic return elements described in the document. For example, the oscillator 100; 100' could comprise at least a fourth elastic return element for thermocompensation purposes or for the purpose of specifying the gait correction. This could, for example, be arranged in parallel with the second and third elastic return elements.

[0201] Regardless of the embodiment or variant, the elastic return elements may comprise at least in part monocrystalline silicon regardless of its orientation, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon dioxide, doped silicon regardless of the type and level of doping, or porous silicon. They may also comprise silicon carbide, glass, ceramic, a composite material, or quartz. Alternatively, the elastic return elements may be made of metal or a metal alloy, in particular a paramagnetic metal alloy such as an Nb-Zr or Nb-Ti based alloy. In this document, solutions with pivoted inertial elements have been described. Naturally, the concept of the invention may also be applied to an inertial element intended, for example, to be moved in translation.

[0202] In this document, the oscillation frequency of the inertial element can be between 3 Hz and 8 Hz, typically 4 Hz. Of course, this frequency can be chosen according to the specific needs of the timepiece, and this frequency can also be equal to or greater than 8 Hz like 10 Hz or between 10 Hz and 100 Hz, or even equal to or greater than 100 Hz.

[0203] Advantageously, whatever the embodiment or variant, the stiffnesses k1, k2 and k3 are such that:

[0204] - k2+k3>k1, or even k2+k3»k1, for example k2+k3>10xk1, and / or

[0205] - the second stiffness k2 is significantly greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular in that the second stiffness k2 is significantly greater than the first stiffness k1 and significantly greater than the third stiffness k3.

[0206] In particular, whatever the embodiment or variant, the stiffnesses k1, k2 and k3 may be such that:

[0207] - the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=axk1 with 0.5 <a<2, et

[0208] - the second stiffness k2 is significantly greater than the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3, in particular k2=[3xk1 and / or k2=[3xk3 with 10 <p<80, préférentiellement (3=20 ou [3-20.

[0209] Alternatively, whatever the embodiment or variant, the stiffnesses k1, k2 and k3 may be such that:

[0210] - the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=yxk2 with 0.5 <y<2, et

[0211] - the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are significantly greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular k2=5xk1 and / or k3=5xk1 with 100<5<200, preferably 5=125 or 5-125.

[0212] In a particular variant, the second elastic return element 2 is a curved blade 21. Advantageously, this curved blade can be formed in the continuity of a blade 11 of a spiral spring 1 forming the first elastic return element 1.

[0213] In the various embodiments and variants described, the first, second and third elastic return elements are connected to each other by a connecting member 5. This connecting member 5 can

[0214] - be part of the first elastic return element 1; 1', or

[0215] - be formed in the continuity of a blade 1 1 of a spiral spring 1 forming the first elastic return element 1 , or

[0216] - be formed in the continuity of blades 11', 12' of a flexible guide 1' forming the first elastic return element 1'.

[0217] Regardless of the embodiment or variant, the inertial element 4; 4' and the first, second and third elastic return elements may be formed in one piece or may form a monolithic assembly.

[0218] The invention also relates to an adjustment device 200 as such. The device makes it possible to adjust a regulating system 150; 150' as described previously or an oscillator 100; 100' as described previously. The adjustment device 200 may in particular be a device for modifying the stiffness k3 of a third elastic return element 3. This modification of the stiffness may in particular be obtained by a modification of an active or effective length of the third elastic return element 3, in particular by a modification of an active or effective length of at least one blade 31 of the third elastic return element 3.

[0219] In the solutions described above, the adjustment device is a device 200 for modifying the stiffness of an elastic return element, making it possible more particularly to modify the active or effective length of the elastic return element.

[0220] Advantageously, whatever the embodiment or variant, the lever or the frame 7 may be an element movable relative to the frame and providing a support or a bearing for the third elastic return element. In particular, the support or the bearing may be provided by surfaces, in particular cylindrical surfaces, of pins 81, 82 arranged to bear against the third elastic return element, in particular against an elastic blade of the third elastic return element.

[0221] The invention also relates to a method for adjusting the oscillator 100; 100' of the regulating system 150; 150' described previously or of the watch movement 300 described previously or of the timepiece 400 described previously.

[0222] The method comprises a step of modifying the third stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element 3.

[0223] This modification of the third stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element 3 may be a modification of an active length of the third elastic return element 3, in particular a modification of an active length of at least one blade 31 of the third elastic return element 3. This modification is preferably carried out using an adjustment device as described previously. Such an adjustment device makes it possible in particular to limit, or even to cancel, the deformation of the third elastic return element 3 at a point of the third elastic return element 3, this point being movable along the third elastic return element 3.

[0224] By "monolithic structure" we mean a single-piece structure obtained for example:

[0225] - by machining in a mass of material, or

[0226] - by crystal growth, or

[0227] - by electroforming, or

[0228] - by sintering.

[0229] This excludes a structure made up of several elements assembled together in a removable manner, in particular using clips or tools.

[0230] The solutions described in this document allow fine adjustment of the rate of the movement by modifying the stiffness of a given elastic return element taking part in an oscillator, in particular by modifying the effective length of at least one elastic blade of an elastic return element taking part in said oscillator, in particular by means of a lever or a movable frame and providing support for an elastic blade. The proposed solution is also capable of being implemented for adjustment of the rate while the oscillator is in operation.

[0231] In the solutions described, the oscillator has the particularity of comprising a first elastic return element connected to an inertial element, a second elastic return element connected in series with the first elastic return element, as well as a third elastic return element also connected in series with the first elastic return element, in parallel with the second elastic return element 2, the stiffness of this third elastic return element being modifiable by means of an additional device for modifying the stiffness of the third elastic return element.Advantageously, the stiffness of this third elastic return element can be modified by adjusting the effective length of at least one elastic blade of said third elastic return element, in particular by means of an additional device for modifying the effective length of the third elastic return element which can take the form of a lever or a movable frame. This lever or this movable frame advantageously comprises pins or projections which make it possible to pinch and / or hold and / or support the third blade 31 at the point of contact with the pins or with the projections. At these points of contact, the deflection of the third blade 31 is limited, or even cancelled. Advantageously, this lever or this frame comprises a pair of two pins or two projections. Naturally, this lever or this frame can comprise more than two pins or two projections.

Claims

Claims:

1. Regulating system (150; 150') for watch movement (300) comprising: - an inertial element (4; 4'), - a frame (6), and - an elastic return system (1; 1 2, 3) intended to connect the inertial element (4; 4') to the frame (6) so that the inertial element (4; 4') and the elastic return system (1; 1', 2, 3) form an oscillator (100; 100'), the elastic return system (1; 1', 2, 3) comprising: - a first elastic return element (1; 1') having a first stiffness k1, - a second elastic return element (2) having a second stiffness k2, - a third elastic return element (3) having a third stiffness k3, and - a device (200) for modifying the third stiffness k3, the first elastic return element (1; 1') and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in series between the inertial element (4; 4') and the frame (6), and the third elastic return element (3) and the second elastic return element (2) being mounted in parallel between the frame (6) and the first elastic return element (1; 1').

2. Regulating system (150; 150') according to claim 1, characterized: - in that k2+k3>k1, or even k2+k3»k1, in particular k2+k3> 10xk1, and / or - in that the second stiffness k2 is significantly greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular in that the second stiffness k2 is significantly larger than the first stiffness k1 and significantly larger than the third stiffness k3.

3. Regulating system (150; 150') according to claim 1 or 2, characterized: - in that the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=axk1 with 0.5 <a<2, et - in that the second stiffness k2 is significantly greater than the first stiffness k1 and third stiffness k3, in particular k2=[3xk1 and / or k2=[3xk3 with 10<[3<80, preferably (3=20 or [3-20.

4. Regulating system (150; 150') according to claim 1 or 2, characterized: - in that the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are similar or of the same order, in particular k3=yxk2 with 0.5 <y<2, et - in that the second stiffness k2 and third stiffness k3 are significantly greater than the first stiffness k1, in particular k2=5xk1 and / or k3=5xk1 with 100<5<200, preferably 5=125 or 5-125.

5. Control system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inertial element (4; 4') and the elastic return system (1; 1', 2, 3) are configured and / or arranged so that the oscillation frequency of the oscillator (100; 100') is between 8 Hz and 100 Hz, or even is equal to or greater than 100 Hz.

6. Regulating system (150) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first elastic return element (1) is a spiral spring (1) comprising at least one blade (11) connected to the inertial element (4), the inertial element (4) being pivoted relative to the frame (6) around a geometric axis (A4).

7. Regulating system (150') according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first elastic return element (1') is a flexible guide (1'), comprising in particular two blades (11', 12'), configured and / or arranged to elastically return and guide, in particular pivot along a geometric axis (A4'), the inertial element (4').

8. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second elastic return element (2) comprises flexible blades (21, 22) embedded in the frame (6) and defining a pivot RCC of the first elastic return element (1; 1'), the virtual center of intersection of the flexible blades (21, 22) of which coincides with a point through which passes a geometric axis (A4; A4') around which the inertial element (4; 4') is pivoted.

9. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third elastic return element (3) comprises a straight or curved elastic blade (31).

10. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first, second and third elastic return elements are connected to each other by a connecting member (5), in particular a connecting member (5) forming part of the first elastic return element (1; 1') or formed in the continuity of a blade (11) of a spiral spring (1) forming the first elastic return element (1) or formed in the continuity of blades (11', 12') of a flexible guide (1') forming the first elastic return element (1'). 1 1. Regulating system (150) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second elastic return element (2) is a curved blade (21) formed in the continuity of a blade (1 1) of a spiral spring (1) forming the first elastic return element (1)- 12. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inertial element (4; 4') and the first, second and third elastic return elements are in one piece or form a monolithic assembly.

13. Regulating system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the first, second and third elastic return elements may comprise at least in part: - monocrystalline silicon regardless of its orientation, and / or - polycrystalline silicon, and / or - amorphous silicon, and / or - amorphous silicon dioxide, and / or - doped silicon regardless of the type and level of doping, and / or - porous silicon, and / or - silicon carbide, and / or - glass, and / or - a composite material, and / or - technical ceramics, and / or - quartz.

14. Adjustment device (200) for an adjusting system (150; 150') according to one of the preceding claims, the device (200) being a device for modifying a third stiffness k3 of a third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of the third elastic return element (3), in particular a device for modifying an active length of at least one blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3).

15. Adjustment device (200) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a monolithic structure (900) intended to be mounted on a frame (6) of a watch movement (300) of a timepiece (400).

16. Adjustment device (200) according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises a connecting member (5) intended to support a first elastic return element (1) of a regulating system according to one of claims 1 to 13 and forming part of the monolithic structure (900).

17. Adjustment device (200) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that it comprises: - the first elastic return element (1), and - the second elastic return element (2), and - the third elastic return element (3), of a regulating system according to one of claims 1 to 13, these first elastic return element (1), second elastic return element (2) and third elastic return element (3) forming part of the monolithic structure (900).

18. Adjustment device (200) according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a pair of clamps (81, 82), in particular a pair of clamps (81, 82) forming part of the monolithic structure (900), the pair of clamps being: - movable relative to a frame (6), and / or - intended to pinch a blade (31), in particular a blade (31) of the third elastic return element of a regulating system according to one of claims 1 to 13, and / or - capable of moving relative to said blade.

19. Watch movement (300) comprising a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of claims 1 to 13 and / or a device (200) according to one of claims 14 to 18.

20. Timepiece (400), in particular wristwatch (400), comprising a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of claims 1 to 13 and / or a device (200) according to one of claims 14 to 18 and / or a watch movement (300) according to the preceding claim.

21. Method for adjusting an oscillator (100; 100') of a regulating system (150; 150') according to one of claims 1 to 13 or of a watch movement (300) according to claim 19 or of a timepiece (400) according to claim 20, the method comprising a step of modifying the third stiffness k3 of the third elastic return element (3), in particular of modifying an active length of the third elastic return element (3), in particular of modifying an active length of at least one blade (31) of the third elastic return element (3).

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