Anti-pdl1 single domain antibody, fusion protein and use thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024744243
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-11
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-26
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Figure CN2024072523_25072024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ANTI-PDL1 SINGLE DOMAIN ANTIBODY, FUSION PROTEIN AND USE THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to single domain antibodies to Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) , fusion proteins and uses thereof.BACKGROUND
[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1, or PD-L1) was originally cloned as a member of the B7 protein family (referred to as B7-H1) (Dong et al., 1999 Nature Med 5: 1365) . PD-L1 is a type I transmembrane protein with a total of 290 amino acids, and including one IgV-like domain, one IgC-like domain, one transmembrane hydrophobic domain, and one intracellular domain consisting of 30 amino acids. PD-L1 is widely expressed on the surface of various immune cells, epithelial cells, and tumor cells. PD-L1 binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and activates the negative regulation signaling pathway, to inhibit T cell activation or induce T cell apoptosis, thereby suppressing the immune responses (Freeman et al., 2000J Exp Med 192: 1027) . PDL1 has an effect of negatively regulating immune responses, cancer cells induce T cell apoptosis by up-regulating PD-L1 expression, to escape from elimination by immune system, thus leading to the disease progression.
[0004] Antibody drug development for immunological checkpoints is a potential target for the treatment of various types of cancers. However, the traditional monoclonal antibodies have a large molecular weight, and thus have difficulty in penetrating the tissues, resulting in low effective concentration in the tumor area and poor therapeutic effect.
[0005] Single domain antibodies are currently the smallest antibody molecules, and have unique functional characteristics, such as a low molecular weight, high stability, easy expression, simple humanization and low preparation costs, which may overcome the shortcomings of traditional antibodies.
[0006] Generally, the immunogenicity caused by a biological drug often determines its efficacy and safety in clinical use, and thus is a key to its successful development for clinical use. There is still a lack of satisfactory anti-PDL1 single domain antibodies, and still remain a need to develop anti-PDL1 single domain antibodies, and fusion proteins involving anti-PDL1 single domain antibodies.SUMMARY
[0007] For the above-mentioned purpose, the present disclosure relates to anti-PDL1 single domain antibodies as describes herein. In particular, the present disclosure relates to single domain antibodies that bind to human PDL1, fusion proteins and pharmaceutical compositions based on the single domain antibody and uses thereof.
[0008] Provided herein are novel anti-PDL1 single domain antibodies (sdAbs) , which includes heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3, wherein the CDR1 is different from an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, 36 or 39 by no more than 3, 2 or 1 amino acid; the CDR2 is different from an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 35 or 37 by no more than 3, 2 or 1 amino acid; and the CDR3 is different from an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 38 by no more than one amino acid.
[0009] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody includes CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%or above (e.g. 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.
[0010] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody includes an amino acid sequence at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody includes an amino acid sequence 100%identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.
[0011] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody binds to human, cynomolgus and / or mouse PDL1, e.g., human PDL1.
[0012] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody blocks the interaction of PD-1 / PD-L1, e.g., human PD1 and humanPDL1.
[0013] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody enhances IFN-γ production.
[0014] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody is a humanized antibody or chimeric antibody.
[0015] In another aspect, provided herein is a fusion protein including a first domain and a second domain. The first domain binding to PDL1 includes heavy chain complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100% (e.g. 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively. The second domain binds to SIRPα.
[0016] In some embodiments, the first domain includes an amino acid sequence at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21. In some embodiments, the first domain is selected from the group consisting of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.
[0017] In some embodiments, the second domain binds to SIRPα expressed by effector cells.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second domain binds to human SIRPα expressing by effector cells (such as macrophages, NK cells, cytotoxic T cells) . In some embodiments, the second domain binds to effector cells expressing SIRPα, such as human SIRPα.
[0019] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a heavy chain variable region (VH) paired with a light chain variable region (VL) . The VH includes CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 40, 43, and 44, respectively. The VL includes CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 45, 46, and 47, respectively.
[0020] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a light chain. In some embodiments, the light chain is a kappa or lamda light chain. In some embodiments, the light chain includes a constant region (CL) having an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 31.
[0021] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1) . In some embodiments, the second domain is an anti-SIRPα Fab fragment.
[0022] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a VH-CH1 fragment paired with the light chain. In some embodiments, the VH-CH1 fragment has an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the light chain has an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the VH-CH1 fragment has an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and the light chain has an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.
[0023] In some embodiments, the first domain and the second domain are covalently linked via a Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the first domain is fused to N-terminus of Fc fragment and the second domain is fused to C-terminus of Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is a symmetric bispecific molecule, wherein two first domains are fused to N-terminus of the Fc fragment and two second domains are fused to C-terminus of the Fc fragment.
[0024] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is derived from human immunoglobulin, such as IgG4 or IgG1. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is human IgG4 with mutation S228P, or human IgG1 with mutation C220S, numbered by EU numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment includes an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26 or 27.
[0025] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment and the second domain are covalently linked via a peptide linker, optionally the having the formula (Gly4Ser) n, where n is an integer from 1 to 5. In some embodiments, n is 3 or 4, i.e., (Gly4Ser) 3 or (Gly4Ser) 4.
[0026] In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and a light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; or a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48, and a light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.
[0027] In some embodiments, the fusion protein enhances effector cells phagocytosis of tumor cells (e.g., cancer cells) , optionally the tumor cells express target antigen to which the first domain binds, such as human PDL1. In some embodiments, the fusion protein binds to human PDL1 and human SIRPα. In some embodiments, the fusion protein blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1, optionally, the fusion protein blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1 with EC50 no more than 10, 9, 8, or 7 nM. In some embodiments, the EC50 of binding activity of the fusion protein to the SIRPα is no more than 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 nM.
[0028] In some embodiments, the fusion protein barely induces the phagocytosis to human monocytes or human PBMCs. In some embodiments, the fusion protein at least partially reprograms macrophages to M1 or M1-like macrophages.
[0029] In some embodiments, the fusion protein stimulates macrophage to produce inflammatory cytokine, which includes TNF-a, IL-6 and CXCL-10. In some embodiments, the fusion protein barely induces PBMC to produce cytokines, which includes IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10.
[0030] In another aspect, provided herein is an isolated polynucleotide encoding the single domain antibody or the fusion protein described above.
[0031] In another aspect, provided herein is a construct including the polynucleotide provided herein.
[0032] In another aspect, provided herein is an antibody expressing system, including the construct having the isolated polynucleotide described above or having a genome integrated with an exogenous polynucleotide described above, preferably, the expressing system is a cell expression system.
[0033] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for producing the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody or the fusion protein described above. The method includes, under conditions suitable for expressing the antibody, expressing the antibody or fusion protein using the antibody expressing system described above.
[0034] In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition including the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody or the fusion protein described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0035] In another aspect, provided herein is a kit including the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, the isolated polynucleotide, or the construct described above.
[0036] In another aspect, provided herein is a use of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition described above in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for preventing, diagnosing, or treating a disease, disorder, or condition.
[0037] In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is tumor (e.g., cancer) . In some embodiments, at least a tumor cell expresses PDL1, preferably human PDL1. In some embodiments, the tumor is a solid tumor.
[0038] In some embodiments, the cancer comprises melanoma, lymphoma, bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and colon cancer.
[0039] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a subject having a tumor, including administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0040] In some embodiments, the subject is mammal animals, such as human and non-human animals (e.g., mouse, and cynomolgus monkey) .
[0041] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of decreasing the rate of tumor growth or the number of tumor cells, including contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition described above.
[0042] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of killing a tumor cell, including contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] The following is a brief description of the drawings, which are presented for the purposes of illustrating the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and not for the purposes of limiting the same.
[0044] Figures 1A-1B show ELISA results of serum titer for the 3rd round immunization of alpaca #14 and #15, respectively.
[0045] Figures 2A-2B show ELISA results of serum titer for the 4th round immunization of alpaca #14 and #15, respectively.
[0046] Figures 3A-3B show ELISA results of serum titer for the 5th round immunization of alpaca #14 and #15, respectively.
[0047] Figure 4 shows agarose gel electrophoresis of total RNA from alpaca #14 and #15 (M is DNA marker, 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, 1500bp and 2000bp from down to up; Lane 1 is RNA from #14 alpaca; Lane 2 is RNA from #15 alpaca) .
[0048] Figure 5 shows agarose gel electrophoresis of 1st round PCR product amplifying VHH (M is DNA marker, 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, and 2000bp from down to up; Lane 1 is PCR product for #14 alpaca; Lane 2 is PCR product for #15 alpaca)
[0049] Figure 6 shows agarose gel electrophoresis of 2nd round PCR product amplifying VHH (M is DNA marker, 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, and 2000bp from down to up; Lanes 1 and 2 are PCR products for #14 alpaca; Lanes 3 and 4 are PCR products for #15 alpaca)
[0050] Figure 7 shows agarose gel electrophoresis of 3rd round PCR product amplifying VHH (M is DNA marker, 100bp, 250bp, 500bp, 750bp, 1000bp, and 2000bp from down to up; Lanes 1, 2 and 3 are PCR products for #14 alpaca; Lanes 3, 4 and 5 are PCR products for #15 alpaca)
[0051] Figure 8 shows flow cytometry results of clones 570 (A) and 2719 (B) .
[0052] Figure 9 shows FACS binding curve of C570 to Raji / hPDL1 cell line and EC50 values (AEP247 is a benchmark antibody, and human IgG1 is used as negative control) .
[0053] Figure 10 shows FACS binding curve of C2719 to CHOK1 / humanPDL1 cell line and EC50 values (AEP247 is a benchmark antibody, and human IgG1 is used as negative control) .
[0054] Figure 11 shows FACS binding curve of C570 to CHOK1 / cynoPDL1 cell line and EC50 values (human IgG1 is used as negative control) .
[0055] Figure 12A-12C shows Bio-Layer Interferometry binding curves of AEP247, C2719 and C570 to human PDL1 ECD, respectively.
[0056] Figure 13 shows ELISA results of C570 and C2719 binding to human PDL1 ECD (human IgG1 is used as control) .
[0057] Figures 14A-14I shows ELISA results of C570 and C2719 binding to human B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, B7-H7, B7-DC, B7-1, B7-2 ECD (human IgG1 is used as control) , respectively.
[0058] Figure 15 shows blocking activities results in reporter assay of chimeric antibodies C2719 and EC50 values ( is used as positive control, and hIgG1 is used as isotype control) .
[0059] Figure 16 shows blocking activities results in reporter assay of chimeric antibodies C570 and EC50 values ( is used as positive control, and hIgG1 is used as isotype control) .
[0060] Figure 17 shows MLR assay results of C570, C2719 and AEP247 in enhancing IFN-γ production (PD-1 is used as positive control, CD3 / CD28 is used as positive control) .
[0061] Figure 18 shows concentration-time profiles of C570, C2719 and AEP247 in C57BL / 6J-hCD47 / hSIRPα transgenic mouse model.
[0062] Figure 19 shows concentration-time profiles of C570, C2719 and AEP247 in BALB / c-hPD1 / hSIRPαmice model.
[0063] Figure 20 shows tumor growth inhibition curves of vehicle, AEP247, C570 and C2719 in MC38-hCD47 / PDL1 mouse tumor model.
[0064] Figure 21 shows tumor growth inhibition curves of saline, AEP247, C570 and C2719 in CT26-hCD47 / PDL1 mouse tumor model.
[0065] Figures 22 shows binding curve of C570 and C570 derived humanized variants to Raji / hPDL1 cell line by FACS detection.
[0066] Figures 23A-23B show binding curve of C2719 and C2719 derived humanized variants to Raji / hPDL1 cell line by FACS detection (hIgG1 is used as isotype) , respectively.
[0067] Figure 24 shows EC50 values and blocking activities results in reporter assay of C570 and C570 derived humanized antibodies (hIgG1 iso is as an isotype control) .
[0068] Figures 25A-25B show EC50 values and blocking activities results in reporter assay of C2719 and C2719 derived humanized antibodies (hIgG1 iso is as an isotype control) .
[0069] Figure 26 is a schematic drawing of an anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific molecule comprising one symmetric antibody with two anti-PDL1 sdAbs are fused to N-terminus of Fc and two anti-SIRPα Fabs are fused to C-terminus of Fc.
[0070] Figures 27A-27C show binding curves of representative bispecific antibodies to CHOK1 / hPDL1 cells, CHOK1 / SIRPα, Raji / hPDL1 cells by FACS detection, respectively.
[0071] Figure 28 shows results of macrophage phagocytosis of PDL1+ cancer cells in the presence of an isotype control human IgG1 (hIgG1) , anti-PDL1 antibody C570, anti-SIRPα antibody hu025.060 and anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody.
[0072] Figure 29 shows tumor growth inhibition curves of anti-PDL1 sdAb antibody, anti-SIRPα monoclonal antibody, anti-PDL1 antibody plus anti-SIRPα antibody (Combo) , and anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody in BALB / c-hPD1 / hSIRPa double knock-in mice.
[0073] Figure 30 shows the evaluation of ES019-116 in PD1 / PDL1 blockade reporter cell line assay.
[0074] Figure 31A shows the phagocytosis activity of ES019-116 against Raji-PDL1 cells.
[0075] Figure 31B shows the phagocytosis activity of ES019-116 and PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2 against Raji-PDL1 cells.
[0076] Figure 32 shows the macrophage phagocytosis of ES019-116 to human monocytes (32A) and PBMCs (32B) , respectively.
[0077] Figure 33 shows the phagocytosis of Raji-hPD-L1 cells by macrophages derived from human PBMC in the presence of ES019-116 assessed by FACS-based macrophage phagocytosis assays. hIgG1 represents a human IgG1 isotype control.
[0078] Figure 34 shows ES019-116 reprogramed macrophages to M1 phenotype by increasing the percentage of CD86highCD163low macrophage population after 24 hours (34A) and 48 hours (34B) treatment, respectively. M1-like macrophage (CD86highCD163low) switch under the indicated treatments was measured by FACS. hIgG1 is a human IgG1 isotype control.
[0079] Figure 35 shows the macrophage cytokine production TNF-a (A) , IL-6 (B) , CXCL10 (C) and IL-10 (D) stimulated by ES019-116 after 24 hours treatment under the indicated treatments measured by HTRF-based human TNF-a, IL-6, CXCL10 and IL-10 kits. hIgG1 is a human IgG1 isotype control.
[0080] Figure 36 shows the macrophage cytokine production TNF-a (A) , IL-6 (B) , CXCL10 (C) and IL-10 (D) stimulated by ES019-116 after 48 hours treatment under the indicated treatments measured by HTRF-based human TNF-a, IL-6, CXCL10 and IL-10 kits. hIgG1 is a human IgG1 isotype control.
[0081] Figure 37A-37E show the cytokine production (IFN-γ (A) , IL-10 (B) , TNF-α (C) , IL-6 (D) and IL-2 (E) ) by in vitro human PBMC assay induced by ES019.
[0082] Figure 38 shows the concentration-time curve of ES019-116 in mice model.
[0083] Figure 39 shows the tumor volume-time curve of anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibodies ES019-116 in CT26 syngeneic model in Balb / c-hPD1 / hSIRPα Knock-in mice.
[0084] Figure 40 shows the tumor volume-time curve of anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibodies ES019-116 in in CT26 syngeneic model in Balb / c-hPDL1 / hPD1 / hCD47 / hSIRPα four knock-in mice.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0085] The present disclosure is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following description is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
[0086] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming the present disclosure, the following terminology will be used.
[0087] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description and figures, and from the claims.
[0088] Single Domain Antibody
[0089] The present disclosure provides examples of novel anti-PDL1 single domain antibodies (sdAbs) , which includes heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3.
[0090] The term “single domain antibody (sdAb or VHH) ” refers to a heavy chain variable region of a cloned antibody, and a single-domain antibody (VHH) constructed to consist of only one heavy chain variable region is the smallest antigen-binding fragment with complete functionality. Usually, an antibody with natural deletion of light chain and heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1) is derived from alpaca immune serum, and then a heavy chain variable region of the antibody is cloned, to construct a single-domain antibody (VHH) consisting of only one heavy chain variable region. Single domain antibody includes four “framework regions” that are referred to as “framework region 1” or “FR1” , “framework region 2” or “FR2” , “framework region 3” or “FR3” , and “framework region 4” or “FR4” in the art and hereinafter. The framework regions are spaced apart by three “complementarity determining regions” or “CDRs” that are referred to as “complementarity determining region 1” or “CDR1” , “complementarity determining region 2” or “CDR2” , and “complementarity determining region 3” or “CDR3” in the art and hereinafter. Therefore, the general structure or sequence of a single-domain antibody can be expressed as FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4. A single-domain antibody confers an antigen binding specificity to the antibody due to the presence of an antigen-binding site.
[0091] In some embodiments, the CDR1 of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody is different from an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, 36 or 39 by no more than 3, 2 or 1 amino acid. In some embodiments, the CDR1 of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody has the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, 36 or 39.
[0092] In some embodiments, the CDR2 of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody is different from an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, 35 or 37 by no more than 3, 2 or 1 amino acid. In some embodiments, the CDR2 of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody has the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 35 or 37.
[0093] In some embodiments, the CDR3 of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody is different from an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, or 38 by no more than one amino acid. In some embodiments, the CDR3 of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody has the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 38.
[0094] In the present disclosure, “amino acid” refers to an organic compound containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid. the names of amino acids are represented as standard single-letter or three-letter codes, which are shown as below:
[0095] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody includes CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%or above (e.g. 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.
[0096] In some embodiments, CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody have the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.
[0097] The CDR is defined by Kabat and / or Chothia, which is well-known to the skilled in the art. The Kabat Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) are based on sequence variability and are the most commonly used (Kabat et al., (1971) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 190: 382-391 and Kabat, et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 91-3242) . Chothia refers instead to the location of the structural loops (Chothia and Lesk J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987) ) .
[0098] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody includes an amino acid sequence about 80%or above identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21. For example, the identity is about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody includes an amino acid sequence at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody has an amino acid sequence set forth in one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.
[0099] The percent (%) sequence identity is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to the amino acid residues in a reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. For example, the identity can be determined using the BLAST program of the NCBI database.
[0100] The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein binds to human, cynomolgus and / or mouse PDL1, preferably, human PDL1. In certain embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody specifically binds to human PDL1 and blocks the interaction of human PD1 and human PDL1.
[0101] PDL1 is a member of the B7 protein family (referred to as B7-H1) , the other members of B7 protein family, CD86 (B7-2) , B7-DC (PD-L2) , B7-H2, B7-H3 (CD276) , B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, and / or B7-H7, barely bind to anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein. The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody showing good binding specificity to PDL1 (e.g., human PDL1) provided herein may lead to lower adverse reactions and improved clinical safety.
[0102] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein increases the expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and enhances the response of immune cells, thus, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody could inhibit the growth of cells expressing PDL1, such as tumor cells.
[0103] the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein is humanized antibody or chimeric antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided in the present disclosure can be a humanized antibody retaining at least one of the functional properties of the antibody, for example, the ability to specifically bind to PDL1 or block the interaction between PDL1 and PD1, stimulating killing effect of T cells on target cells, such as tumors.
[0104] The term “humanized antibody” refers to a molecule having an antigen-binding site substantially derived from an immunoglobulin from a non-human species, where the rest of the immunoglobulin structure of the molecule is based on the structure and / or sequence of a human immunoglobulin. The antigen binding site may include a complete variable domain fused to a constant domain, or only include a complementarity determining region (CDR) grafted into an appropriate framework region in the variable domain. The antigen binding site can be wild-type, or modified by one or more amino acid substitutions. For example, modifications are made to allow the antibody to be more similar to human immunoglobulins. Some forms of humanized antibodies retain all CDR sequences (e.g., a humanized single-domain antibody including all three CDRs from alpaca) . Other forms have one or more CDRs that have been altered relative to the original antibody.
[0105] A “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody in which the variable regions are derived from one species and the constant regions are derived from another species, such as an antibody in which the variable regions are derived from a mouse or alpaca antibody and the constant regions are derived from a human antibody.
[0106] On the basis of use of the specific complementarity determining regions in the present disclosure, humanized antibodies designed according to techniques in the art are all embraced in the present disclosure. The humanized antibody further improves the drug safety, and effectively reduces the immunogenicity of the antibody. The humanized antibody with modified framework region obtained in the present disclosure still maintains a high solubility, making it feasible for use in practical clinical application.
[0107] The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided shows higher affinity to PDL1 (e.g., human PDL1) , In some embodiments, anti-PDL1 single domain antibody binds to human PDL1 with KD no more than 9.9E-8 M, or no more than 9.9E-9 M detected by Octet rule. In general, the KD value, or affinity constant, is the equilibrium dissociation constant, or a ratio of Kd / Ka, between the antibody and its target antigen. Kd refers to dissociation constant, and Ka refers to association constant.
[0108] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody binds to PDL1 (e.g., human PDL1) with EC50 no more than 3 nM, 2 nM, 1.5 nM, 1 nM 0.65 nM, 0.62 nM, 0.60 nM, 0.58 nM, 0.55 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.45 nM, 0.4 nM, 0.35 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.25 nM, or no more than 0.2 nM detected by FACS (Fluorescence activated Cell Sorting) .
[0109] In some embodiments, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody blocks the interaction between PD-1 and PDL1 with EC50 no more than 2 mM, 10 nM, 9 nM, 8 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM detected by reporter assay.
[0110] Thermal stability is the ability of a protein to maintain its structural and functional integrity under different temperature environment and is an intrinsic property of antibodies that can influence product stability, such as aggregation, during manufacturing and storage. The melting temperature (Tm) value may predict their thermal stability in general. Tm values of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein range from 50-75℃, preferably 55-72℃, such as 68℃, 70℃, 71℃, or 72℃, indicating that the antibodies have good thermal stability.
[0111] Good stability under low pH conditions is important for antibodies because the purification process often involves exposure to acidic solution conditions and the commonly used low pH virus inactivation. Low pH usually causes soluble, insoluble aggregates and accelerates fragmentations. The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein has good stability under pH 3.0-3.5 conditions.
[0112] The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody provided herein has good freeze-thaw stability. Freeze-thaw stability is often explored to determine the susceptibility of antibodies to temperature cycling which products are frequently exposed. For example, drug substance is often frozen to enable long-term storage. Drug product may be exposed to frozen temperature as part of the lyophilization process. The major degradation pathway of freeze-thaw is aggregates, including precipitates, particles, and soluble particles.
[0113] Fusion protein
[0114] The present disclosure relates to a fusion protein including a first domain and a second domain.
[0115] The term “fusion” when used with respect to amino acid sequences (e.g., peptide, polypeptide or protein) refers to combination of two or more amino acid sequences, for example by chemical bonding or recombinant means, into a single amino acid sequence. A fusion amino acid sequence may be produced by genetic recombination of two encoding polynucleotide sequences, and can be expressed by a method of introducing a construct containing the recombinant polynucleotides into a host cell. In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes bispecific antibody. The term “bispecific antibody” or “bispecific molecule” as used herein, refers to an antibody or a molecule that displays a double binding specificity and affinity for two particular epitopes or a composition of antibodies in which all antibodies display a double binding specificity and affinity for two particular epitopes.
[0116] Unless noted otherwise, “antibody” generally refers to monoclonal antibody that displays a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope or a composition of antibodies in which all antibodies display a single binding specificity and affinity for a particular epitope. For example, a naturally occurring “antibody” of the IgG type is a tetramer comprising at least two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain is comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region is comprised of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain is comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region (abbreviated herein as CL) . The light chain constant region is comprised of one domain. The VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR) , interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR) . Each VH and VL is composed of three CDRs and four FRs arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen.
[0117] In the present disclosure, the single domain antibody, fusion protein, bispecific antibody or monoclonal antibody could include conservatively modified variants, such as FR region. The conservatively modified variants include individual substitutions, deletions or additions to the polypeptide sequence which result in the substitution of an amino acid with a chemically similar amino acid. Conservative substitution tables providing functionally similar amino acids are well known in the art. Such conservatively modified variants are in addition to and do not exclude polymorphic variants, interspecies homologs, and alleles. The following eight groups contain amino acids that are conservative substitutions for one another: 1) Alanine (A) , Glycine (G) ; 2) Aspartic acid (D) , Glutamic acid (E) ; 3) Asparagine (N) , Glutamine (Q) ; 4) Arginine (R) , Lysine (K) ; 5) Isoleucine (I) , Leucine (L) , Methionine (M) , Valine (V) ; 6) Phenylalanine (F) , Tyrosine (Y) , Tryptophan (W) ; 7) Serine (S) , Threonine (T) ; and 8) Cysteine (C) , Methionine (M) (see, e.g., Creighton, Proteins (1984) ) . In some embodiments, the term "conservative sequence modifications" are used to refer to amino acid modifications that do not significantly affect or alter the binding characteristics of the antibody containing the amino acid sequence.
[0118] The first domain binds to PDL1 and includes heavy chain complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 have the amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100%identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.
[0119] In some embodiments, the first domain is an anti-PDL1 single-domain antibody including CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences at least about 80%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more, identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.
[0120] In some embodiments, CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the first domain have the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.
[0121] In some embodiments, the first domain includes an amino acid sequence at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99% (e.g., about 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%) identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first domain includes or has an amino acid sequence set forth in one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.
[0123] The second domain of the fusion protein binds to another targeting molecule except PDL1, in some embodiments, the second domain binds to SIRPα, preferably human SIRPα. In some embodiments, the second domain binds to SIRPα expressed by effector cells.
[0124] In some embodiments, the second domain of the fusion protein binds to immune effector cells, e.g., macrophages, NK cells, T cells, B cells, and Dendritic cells, to enhance the immune response directly or indirectly. In some embodiments, the effector cell is macrophage.
[0125] SIRPα (Signal regulatory protein α) is a regulatory membrane glycoprotein from SIRP family. It is mainly expressed by myeloid cells and also by stem cells or neurons. SIRPα acts as inhibitory receptor and interacts with a broadly expressed transmembrane protein CD47. This interaction negatively controls effector function of innate immune cells such as host cell phagocytosis. SIRPαdiffuses laterally on the macrophage membrane and accumulates at a phagocytic synapse to bind CD47, which inhibits the cytoskeleton-intensive process of phagocytosis by the macrophage.
[0126] In some embodiments, the second domain of the fusion protein binds to SIRPα (human SIRPα) to block the combination of SIRPα and CD47, eliminating inhibitory effect of SIRPα.
[0127] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a heavy chain variable region (VH) paired with a light chain variable region (VL) . The VH includes CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO: 40, 41, and 42, respectively; or, SEQ ID NO: 40, 43, and 44, respectively. The VL includes CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NO: 45, 46, and 47, respectively.
[0128] In some embodiments, CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the VH of the second domain have amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42, respectively; and the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of VL have amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 45, 46, and 47, respectively.
[0129] In some embodiments, CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the VH of the second domain have amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 40, 43, and 44, respectively; and the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of VL have amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 45, 46, and 47, respectively.
[0130] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a light chain. Preferably, the light chain is a kappa (κ) or lamda (λ) light chain. In some embodiments, the light chain includes a constant region (CL) having an amino acid sequence about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 80%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 93%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 31.
[0131] In some embodiments, the CL includes an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 31.
[0132] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1) . In some embodiments, the second domain is an anti-SIRPα Fab fragment.
[0133] The term “Fab fragment” refers to the region of the antibody structure that can bind to antigen. It consists of a complete light chain (variable and constant regions) and part of the heavy chain structure (variable and a constant region 1 fragment, VH-CH1) , the light and heavy chains are connected by a disulfide bond. Fab fragments can be obtained by protease digestion of full-length antibodies.
[0134] In some embodiments, the second domain includes a VH-CH1 fragment paired with the light chain. In some embodiments, the VH-CH1 fragment has an amino acid sequence about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the light chain has an amino acid sequence about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the VH-CH1 has an amino acid sequence about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and the light chain has an amino acid sequence about 80%to about 100% (e.g., 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more) identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.
[0135] In some embodiments, the VH-CH1 has an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the light chain has an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the VH-CH1 has an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and the light chain has an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.
[0136] In some embodiments, the first domain and the second domain are covalently linked via a Fc fragment, optionally, the first domain is fused to N-terminus of the Fc fragment and the second domain is fused to C-terminus of the Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the fusion protein is a symmetric bispecific molecule, wherein two first domains are fused to N-terminus of Fc and two second domains are fused to C-terminus of Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the C-terminus of the first domain is fused to the N-terminus of the fragment, and / or the C-terminus of the VH-CH1 fragment is fused to the C-terminus of the fragment. See figure 26, showing a schematic drawing of the fusion protein provided.
[0137] An “Fc region” (fragment crystallizable region) or “Fc domain” or “Fc fragment” refers to the C-terminal region of the heavy chain of an antibody that mediates the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including binding to Fc receptors located on various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) or to the first component (Clq) of the classical complement system. Thus, an Fc region comprises the constant region of an antibody excluding the first constant region immunoglobulin domain (e.g., CH1 or CL) . In IgG, IgA and IgD antibody isotypes, the Fc region comprises two identical protein fragments, derived from the second (CH2) and third (CH3) constant domains of the antibody's two heavy chains; IgM and IgE Fc regions comprise three heavy chain constant domains (CH domains 2-4) in each polypeptide chain. For IgG, the Fe region comprises immunoglobulin domains Cγ2 and Cγ3 and the hinge between Cγ1 and Cγ2. Although the boundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain might vary, the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is usually defined to stretch from an amino acid residue at position C226 or P230 (or amino acid between these two amino acids) to the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain, wherein the numbering is according to the EU index as in Kabat. The CH2 domain of a human IgG Fc region extends from about amino acid 231 to about amino acid 340, whereas the CH3 domain is positioned on C-terminal side of a CH2 domain in an Fc region, i.e., it extends from about amino acid 341 to about amino acid 447 of an IgG. As used herein, the Fc region may be a native sequence Fc, including any allotypic variant, or a variant Fc (e.g., a non-naturally occurring Fc) . Fc may also refer to this region in isolation or in the context of an Fc-comprising protein polypeptide.
[0138] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is derived from human immunoglobulin, optionally IgG4 or IgG1. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is human IgG4 or IgG1 with 0, 1, 2, or more mutations. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment is human IgG4 with mutation S228P, or human IgG1 with mutation C220S, numbered by EU numbering scheme. In some embodiments, the Fc fragment includes an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26 or 27.
[0139] In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and a light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; or a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48, and a light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.
[0140] In some embodiments, the fusion protein includes a heavy chain having an amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and a light chain having an amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; or a heavy chain having an amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48, and a light chain having an amino acid set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.
[0141] In some embodiments, the Fc fragment and the second domain are covalently linked via a peptide linker, optionally, the peptide linker has the formula (Gly4Ser) n, where n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, n is 3 or 4, i.e., the linker is (Gly4Ser) 3, or (Gly4Ser) 4.
[0142] In some embodiments, the fusion protein enhances effector cells phagocytosis of tumor cells (such as cancer cells) . In some embodiments, the fusion protein enhances effector cells phagocytosis of tumor cells expressing target antigen to which the first domain binds, such as human PDL1. The fusion protein of the present application has the advantages of high dual target binding affinity and specificity, and thereby further enhancing the anti-tumor immune function.
[0143] In some embodiments, the fusion protein barely induces the phagocytosis to human monocytes or human PBMCs. This is benefit for improving the safety of the fusion protein and lowering risk to induce systemic cytokine release syndrome.
[0144] In some embodiments, wherein the fusion protein at least partially reprograms macrophages to M1 or M1-like macrophages. The method to estimate the type of macrophages is well-known to those skilled in the art, such as by testing the macrophage population with the indicated biomarker expressing on the specific macrophage, for example, by testing the increased percentage of proinflammatory M1 phenotype (CD86highCD163low) macrophage population, the method to define “high” or “low” is well-known to those skilled in the art, such flow cytometry staining.
[0145] In some embodiments, the fusion protein stimulates macrophage to produce inflammatory cytokine including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10) .
[0146] In some embodiments, the fusion protein barely induces PBMC to produce cytokines, which includes interleukin 2 (IL-2) , IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) . This is benefit for improving the safety of the fusion protein and lowering risk to induce systemic cytokine release syndrome.
[0147] In some embodiments, the fusion protein blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1, optionally, the fusion protein blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1 with EC50 no more than 10, 9, 8, or 7 nM.
[0148] In some embodiments, the fusion protein binds to SIRPα (e.g., human SIRPα) with EC50 no more than 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 nM. In some embodiments, the fusion protein binds to SIRPα (e.g., human SIRPα) with Dissociation constant (KD) value no more than 9.9E-07, 1E-07, 9.9E-08, 1E-08, or 9.9E-09.
[0149] The fusion protein herein has a good physicalchemistory property with relatively low hydrophobicity, which provides desired productivity and developability. The fusion protein herein also has good thermal stability.
[0150] Polynucleotide
[0151] The present disclosure provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding an anti-PDL1 single domain antibody described above or a fusion protein described above.
[0152] The polynucleotide is polymers of DNA, RNA, DNA / RNA hybrids, or modifications thereof. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is polymers of DNA. The polynucleotide is polymers of RNA. DNA or RNA encoding the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody described above or a fusion protein described above is readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of the antibody) . The encoding DNA or RNA may also be obtained by synthetic methods.
[0153] The isolated polynucleotide encoding the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody described above or a fusion protein described above can be inserted into a construct for further cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression, using recombinant techniques known in the art.
[0154] Many constructs are available. The construct components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter (e.g., SV40, CMV, EF-1α) , and a transcription termination sequence. Construct
[0155] Provided herein is a construct includes the isolated polynucleotide provided above. A method of constructing the construct is known to those skilled in the art. For example, the construct can be obtained by in-vitro recombinant DNA technology, DNA synthesis technology, or in-vivo recombinant technology. More specifically, it can be constructed by inserting the isolated polynucleotide into a polyclonal site of an expression vector. The expression vector in the present disclosure generally refers to various commercially available expression vectors well known in the art, for example, bacterial plasm ids, bacteriophages, yeast plasmids, plant cell-infected viruses, mammalian cell-infected viruses such as adenovirus, retrovirus or other vectors. The vector may also include one or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the polynucleotide sequence, where the regulatory sequence may include a suitable promoter sequence. The promoter sequence is usually operably linked to a sequence coding the amino acid sequence to be expressed. The promoter can be any nucleotide sequence that exhibits transcriptional activity in the selected host cell, including mutated, truncated and hybrid promoters, and can be obtained from a gene encoding an extracellular or intracellular polypeptide homologous or heterologous to the host cell. The regulatory sequence may further include a suitable transcription terminator sequence, a sequence recognized by the host cell to terminate the transcription. The terminator sequence is linked to the 3′end or terminus of the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide, and any terminator that is functional in the host cell of choice may be used in the present disclosure.
[0156] Generally, a suitable vector may contain an origin of replication capable in at least one organism, a promoter sequence, a convenient restriction enzyme site and one or more selectable markers. For example, these promoters may include, but not limited to, the lac or trp promoter of Escherichia coli (E.coli) ; the lambda phage PL promoter; and eukaryotic promoters (including CMV immediate-early promoter, HSV thymidine kinase promoter, early and late SV40 promoters, methanol oxidase promoter of Pichia pastoris) , and some other known promoters that are capable of controlling gene expression in prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells or viruses. Marker genes can be used to provide phenotypic characters for selection of transformed host cells. For example, marker genes may include, but not limited to, dihydrofolate reductase, neomycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP) for eukaryotic cell culture, or tetracycline resistance or ampicillin resistance for E. coli. When the polynucleotide is expressed, the expression vector may further include an enhancer sequence. If an enhancer sequence is inserted into the vector, the transcription will be enhanced. Enhancer is a cis-acting factor of DNA, typically containing about 10 to 300 base pairs. Enhancer acts on a promoter to enhance gene transcription.
[0157] Antibody Expressing System
[0158] The present disclosure provides an antibody expression system is provided, which includes a construct provided above or incorporates an exogenous polynucleotide provided above in the genome. Any cell suitable for the expression of an expression vector can be used as a host cell. For example, the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell, such as a bacterial cell; or a lower eukaryotic cell, such as a yeast cell; or a higher eukaryotic cell, such as a mammalian cell, specifically including, but not limited to, Escherichia coli, Streptomyces; bacterial cells of Salmonella typhimurium; or fungal cells such as yeast, and filamentous fungi; plant cells; insect cells derived from Drosophila S2 or Sf9; animal cells such as CHO, COS, HEK293 cells, or Bowes melanoma cells, or a combination thereof. Methods for constructing the expression system should be known to those skilled in the art, for example, including, but not limited to, microinjection, gene gun method, electroporation, virus-mediated transformation, electron bombardment, precipitation with calcium phosphate, or a combination thereof.
[0159] Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0160] The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition including an anti-PDL1 single domain antibody described above or a fusion protein described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition, which contains the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody or active fragments thereof or the fusion protein described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0161] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an ingredient other than the active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition that is not toxic to the subject. The pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, buffers, excipients, stabilizers or preservatives.
[0162] Generally, these substances can be formulated in a non-toxic, inert and pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier medium, wherein the pH is usually about 5-8, preferably about 6-8, although the pH can be changed according to properties of the formulated substances and disease conditions to be treated. The formulated pharmaceutical composition can be administered by conventional routes, including (but not limited to) intratumoral administration, intraperitoneal administration, intravenous administration, or topical administration.
[0163] The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure contains a safe and effective amount (such as 0.001-99 wt %, preferably 0.01-95 wt %, more preferably 0.1-90 wt %) of the single domain antibody or the fusion protein provided and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Such carrier includes (but is not limited to) saline, buffer, glucose, water, glycerol, ethanol and combinations thereof. A pharmaceutical preparation should be matched with the administration mode. The pharmaceutical composition of the present application can be prepared into an injection form, for example, the pharmaceutical composition is prepared by conventional methods with physiological saline or an aqueous solution containing glucose and other adjuvants. The pharmaceutical composition such as an injection and a solution should be manufactured under sterile conditions. The dosage of active ingredients is a therapeutically effective amount, such as about 10 μg / kg body weight to about 100 mg / kg body weight per day. In addition, the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody described above, or a fusion protein described above can also be used with other therapeutic agents.
[0164] Kit
[0165] The present disclosure provides a kit containing the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, the isolated polynucleotide, the construct, and / or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein. Such kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers etc., as will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art. Instructions, either as inserts or a labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and / or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
[0166] Method of Use
[0167] The present disclosure provides the use of an anti-PDL1 single domain antibody described above, the fusion protein described above, or the pharmaceutical composition described above in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for preventing, diagnosing, or treating a disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is a tumor, (such as malignant tumor, cancer) , and at least a tumor cell expresses PDL1, preferably human PDL1. In certain embodiments, the tumor is a solid tumor.
[0168] The term “treating / preventing” (and its grammatical variants) refers to an attempt to alter the natural progress of a disease in a treated individual and can be prevention or clinical intervention implemented during the course of clinical pathology. The desired effect of treatment includes, but is not limited to, preventing the occurrence or recurrence of diseases, alleviating the symptoms, relieving any direct or indirect pathological consequences of the disease, preventing the metastasis, slowing the rate of disease progression, improving or lessening the disease states, and relieving or improving the prognosis. In some embodiments, the antibody of the present disclosure is useful for delaying the development of a disease or delaying the progression of a disorder.
[0169] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for treating a subject having cancer, including administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0170] The “therapeutically effective amount” of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein described above, or a pharmaceutical composition provided in the present disclosure preferably causes a reduction in the severity of disease symptoms and increased frequency and duration of asymptomatic period of a disease, disorder or condition, or prevents injury or disability due to illness or suffering. For example, for the treatment of PDL1 related tumors (including, for example, melanoma, lymphoma, bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and colon cancer) , relative to untreated subjects, the “therapeutically effective amount” preferably inhibits the cell growth or tumor growth by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 30%, more preferably at least about 40%, more preferably at least about 50%, more preferably at least about 60%, more preferably at least about 70%, more preferably at least about 80%. As used herein, the term “about” when preceding a numerical value indicates the value plus or minus a range of 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%.
[0171] The ability to inhibit tumor growth can be evaluated in an animal model system that predicts the efficacy against human tumors or evaluated by detecting the ability to inhibit cell growth. Such inhibition can be determined in vitro by assays well known to those skilled in the art. The therapeutically effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, and the pharmaceutical compositions is often able to reduce the tumor size, or otherwise relieve the symptoms of a subject. Those skilled in the art can select an appropriate therapeutically effective dose according to the actual situation, for example, the tumor size of the subject, the severity of the subject's symptoms, and the particular composition or route of administration chosen. A prescription for treatment (e.g., decision on dosage, etc. ) may be determined by a physician commonly considering factors including, but not limited to, the disease being treated, status of the patient, delivery site, route of administration and other factors. A prophylactically effective amount refers to an amount effective for achieving the desired prophylactic effect at a dose and for a period of time required. Usually, but not necessarily, since a prophylactic dose is administered to a subject before the onset of a disease or at an early stage of the disease, the “prophylactically effective amount” is usually lower than the “therapeutically effective amount” .
[0172] Examples of diseases associated with PDL1 expressing cells that can be diagnosed, treated and / or prevented in the present disclosure may include all PDL1 expressing cancers and tumor entities, specifically including, but not limited to, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, hematological malignancies, head and neck cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer, which may be early, intermediate, or advanced, such as, metastatic cancers.
[0173] The subject is mammal animals including human and non-human animals, such as human, mouse, and cynomolgus monkey.
[0174] The present disclosure provides a method of decreasing the rate of tumor growth or the number of tumor cells, including contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition described above.
[0175] The present disclosure provides a method of killing a tumor cell, including contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of anti-PDL1 single domain antibody, the fusion protein, or the pharmaceutical composition described above.
[0176] EXAMPLES
[0177] The invention is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims. The reagents used in examples are commercially available.
[0178] Generally, nomenclatures used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, pathology, oncology, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well-known and commonly used in the art. The methods and techniques of the present disclosure are generally performed according to conventional methods well-known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed throughout the present specification unless otherwise indicated. See, e.g., Green and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 4th ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2012) ; Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic, Zhiqiang An (Editor) , Wiley, (2009) ; and Antibody Engineering, 2nd Ed., Vols 1 and 2, Ontermann and Dubel, eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg (2010) .
[0179] Example 1: Reagents generation
[0180] 1.1. Reference antibodies
[0181] The reference antibodies AEP247, refers to Envafolimab, has been generated according to patent CN107849130B, (SEQ ID NO: 2, Hu56V1) . The variable region sequence of AEP247 is shown in Table 1.
[0182] Table 1. Variable region sequences of AEP247
[0183] 1.2. Stable cell lines
[0184] Human, cynomolgus and mouse PDL1 stably expressing cell lines, Raji / hPDL1, CHOK1 / hPDL1, CHOK1 / cynoPDL1 and CHOK1 / mPDL1, have been generated for chimeric antibody screening and in vitro assays. For cell line generation, CHOK1 or Raji cells were transfected with human, cynomolgus and mouse PDL1 expression lentivirus and selectively cultured in medium containing 10 μg / mL puromycin for 2 weeks. Single cell clones were then isolated by limiting dilution and screened by FACS to obtain the monoclonal cell lines stably expressing PDL1.
[0185] Human SIRPα stably expressing cell line CHOK1 / SIRPα have been generated by similar method above.
[0186] 1.3. Recombinant proteins
[0187] Human PDL1 extracellular domain (Uniprot Access#Q9NZQ7, AA Met 1-Thr 239) recombinant proteins with human Fc tag or 6xHis-tag were purchased from Sinobiological (Cat: 10084-H08H and Cat: 10084-H02H) for immunization. Biotinylated human PDL1 extracellular domain (Uniprot Access#Q9NZQ7, AA Met 1-Thr 239) and biotinylated cynomolgus PDL1 extracellular domain (GeneBank Access#XP_015292694.1, AA Met 1-Thr 239) were purchased from Sinobiological (Cat: 10084-H08H-B and Cat: 90251-C08H-B) for antibody screening via yeast display.
[0188] A series of recombinant proteins of B7 family members have also been purchased for selectivity binding assay. Human B7-1 (NP_005182.1, AA Met 1-Asn 242, Cat: 10698-H08H) , B7-2 (NP_008820.2, AA Met 1-His 239, Cat: 10699-H08H ) , B7-H2 (NP_056074.1, AA Met 1-Ser 258, Cat: 11559-H08H) , B7-H3 (Q5ZPR3-1, AA Met1-Thr461, Cat: 11188-H08H) , B7-H4 (NP_848709.2, AA Phe29-Ser256, Cat: 50017-M08H) , B7-H5 (AAH20568.1, AA Met1-Ala194, Cat: 13482-H08H) , B7-H6 (NP_001189368.1, AA Met1-Ser262, Cat: 16140-H08H) , B7-H7 (NP_009003.1, AA Met1-Asn344, Cat: 16139-H08H) , B7-DC (NP_079515.2, AA Met1-Pro219, Cat: 10292-H08H-B) recombinant proteins with 6xHis-tag were purchased from Sinobiological.
[0189] Example 2: Alpaca immunization and antibody screening
[0190] 2.1. Alpaca Immunization
[0191] 2 female alpacas (#14 and #15) were sequentially immunized with Fc-tagged or 6xHis-tagged human PDL1 extracellular domain (ECD) recombinant protein using a quick immunization strategy for 5 rounds. Before immunization was conducted, 50mL of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was collected and defined as pre-PBMC. 7 days after the 3rd, 4th and 5th round of immunization, 50mL of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was collected, and serum titer of the immunized alpacas was detected by ELISA assay using 6xHis-tagged human PDL1 ECD recombinant protein as antigen and Anti-Alpaca IgG (2+3) HRP as secondary antibody (Figure 1A-1B, Figure 2A-2B, Figure 3A-3B) . The PBMCs of the 3rd, 4th and 5th round immunization of both alpacas were used for the library construction and antibody screening.
[0192] 2.2. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis
[0193] The B cells were isolated from the blood of each round of immunization with Ficoll by density gradient centrifugation. And then the total RNA was isolated from these B cells with TRIzol. The RNA isolated from the PBMC was analyzed by electrophoresis on an agarose gel (Figure 4) . Genomic DNA remained in the total RNA was digested by the DNase I at 37℃ for 30 min. After digestion, the RNA was used for 1st strand cDNA synthesis using the Prime Script II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (6210B, TAKARA) according to the manufacturer’s user guide.
[0194] 2.3. VHH amplification
[0195] The VHH was amplified from the cDNA by two rounds of nest PCR. First, a set of primers were used to amplify the fragments containing the whole VHH and partial CH2 and with or without CH1 domain for the VH germline. To obtain the fragment only containing the VHH and CH2, the PCR product was separated by the agarose gel and the DNA with size in 500-750bp was recovered by the NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Figure 5) . Next, a set of nest primers were used to amplify the VHH fragments with the purified DNA as template. The 2nd step PCR product was separated by the agarose gel and the DNA with size in 300-500bp was recovered by the NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Figure 6) . At last, a set of primers with arms homology to the display plasmid were used to amplify the DNA and DNA with 500bp was collected and purified (Figure 7) .
[0196] 2.4. Yeast display library construction
[0197] The display plasmid was linearized by restricted enzyme BamHI and NheI. The linearized plasmid was then mixed with the VHH DNA at a weight ratio of 1: 1 and was concentrated by the NaAc to a final concentration higher than 1.5μg / μl in the deionized water. 20μg of the DNA mixture was then electroporated into the yeast competent cell in a 2mm cuvette. 5 independent electroporation was carried out and the yeast was recovered and sampled to count the diversity. The yeasts were mixed and a final library with a total diversity of 1.4×E9 was constructed.
[0198] 2.5. Library enrichment and colony screening
[0199] The antibody screening process contains 3 stages. First, the PDL1 binders in the library were enriched by 4 rounds of Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) , including streptavidin-binder depletion for the 1st round, PDL1 binders enrichment with 50nM biotinylated human-PDL1 for the 2nd round, PDL1 binders enrichment with 50nM biotinylated cyno-PDL1 for the 3rd round, and PDL1 binder enrichment with 10nM biotinylated human-PDL1 for the 4th round. Sorting stage was then carried out to harvest the high binding antibodies with 10nM biotinylated human-PDL1. At last stage, a competitive sorting was adopted to the library with 10nM biotinylated human-PDL1 and 100nM HAC-PD1-Fc (Biointron, Cat#Y604701) . Blocking binders were collected and plated onto the SD agar plate after a short time of expansion.
[0200] For colony screening, colonies from the competitive sorting round were picked and induced in the Sager and Granick Medium (SG medium) overnight. 2μl of the induced yeast of each clone was used and washed twice with 0.1%PBSA buffer, and then incubated with 5nM biotinylated human-PDL1 or 5nM biotinylated human-PDL1 and 50nM HAC-PD1-Fc at room temperature (R.T., 10-30 ℃) The yeast was washed with 0.1%PBSA and then incubated with the 2nd antibody phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin (SA-PE) and Adenomatous polyposis coli protein-conjugated anti-human-Fc antibody (anti-human-Fc-APC) at R.T.. Colonies could bind to the biotinylated human-PDL1 (only PE positive) but did not form the triplet complex of yeast, biotinylated humanPDL1, and HAC-PD1-Fc (both PE and APC positive) were selected as hits and used for the following confirmation. As shown in Figure 8, clones 570 and 2719 were selected and used for the following confirmation.
[0201] Example 3: Chimeric antibody generation and characterization
[0202] 3.1. Chimeric antibody generation
[0203] Variable regions in yeast clones 570 and 2719 were sequenced, and the variable region sequences were shown in Table 2. According to the sequencing results, two human IgG1 chimeric antibody was generated and named as C570 and C2719 respectively, where the prefix “C” stands for chimeric. The benchmark antibody AEP247 was also generated.
[0204] Table 2. Variable region sequences of C570 and C2719
[0205] CDRs were underlined, and were defined by Kabat definition except CDR1, which was defined by a combination of Kabat and Chothia systems.
[0206] 3.2. Chimeric antibody characterization
[0207] 3.2.1. Binding activity
[0208] The binding activity of C570, C2719 and benchmark antibody AEP247 to cell membrane human, cynomolgus and mouse PDL1 was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) assay using Raji / hPDL1, CHOK1 / hPDL1, or CHOK1 / cynoPDL1 cell line produced in Example 1.2. Human IgG1 is used as negative control. The EC50 values were analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0, and the EC50 values were shown under the binding curves of Figures 9-11. As shown in Figures 9-11, all test monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) strongly bind to CHOK1 / cynoPDL1 or Raji / hPDL1 or CHOK1 / hPDL1.
[0209] 3.2.2. Affinity detection
[0210] The binding affinity of C570, C2719 and AEP247 to human PDL1 ECD recombinant protein was determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fit with 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka / Kd / KD values for each antibody were calculated and summarized in Table 3. The binding curve of antibody AEP247, C2719, C570 were shown in Figure 12A, 12B and 12C, respectively. C570 showed comparable affinity with AEP247, while C2719 showed much higher affinity to hPDL1 (human PDL1) protein.
[0211] Table 3. Human PDL1 binding affinity of C570, C2719 and AEP247
[0212] 3.2.3. Binding specificity
[0213] The binding of C570 and C2719 to human B7 family members were detected by ELISA assay using human B7-1, B7-2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7 ECD recombinant proteins as antigens. Briefly, human B7 family member proteins except B7H1 were coated overnight at 4.0 μg / mL in 100 μl PBS buffer at 4 ℃ respectively. The B7H1 was coated overnight at 1.0 μg / mL in 100μl PBS buffer at 4℃. Testing Abs were diluted to 30 μg / mL. Anti-human Fc HRP as detection antibody was diluted by 1: 5000.
[0214] TMB (Tetramethylbenzidine) One Solution was added to each well as substrate and chromogenic reaction for 10mins before detected in microplate reader at 450nm. As shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14A-14I, C570 and C2719 didn’t bind to other B7 family members except B7H1 (PDL1) , demonstrating good binding specificity.
[0215] 3.2.4. Stability prediction
[0216] Thermal stability is the ability of a protein to maintain its structural and functional integrity under different temperature environment and is an intrinsic property of antibodies that can influence product stability, such as aggregation, during manufacturing and storage. The melting temperature (Tm) values of hit antibodies in PBS buffer was measured to predict their thermal stability. Briefly, hit antibodies were resolved in 10 mM PBS buffer (pH 7.2-7.4) . The Tm values were then detected by differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) using QuantStudio 7 Flex Real time PCR system. As shown in Table 4, Tm values of the hit antibodies in PBS buffer range from 55-72℃, indicating their good thermal stability.
[0217] 3.2.5. Hydrophobicity prediction
[0218] Retention time in HIC-HPLC assay is a consideration factor for antibody hydrophobicity prediction. 15μl of 0.25mg / ml antibody was injected into MacPac-10 HIC column in Agilent 1260 system and detected signal in 280nm / 214nm. As shown in Table 4, the retention time of each hit antibodies are less than 13.5min, indicating their good hydrophilicity.
[0219] Table 4. Biochemical characterization summary of C570 and C2719
[0220] 3.2.6. Blocking activities in Reporter assay
[0221] The chimeric antibodies C570, C2719 and AEP247 were tested by a Jurkat-NFAT-Luc-PD-1 / CHO-K1-aAPC-PD-L1 reporter cell line system (GenScript. Inc) . CHO-K1-aAPC-PD-L1 cells expresses anti-CD3 (OKT3) and PD-L1. Jurkat-NFAT-Luc-PD-1 cell expresses PD-1 and the reporter gene luciferase under the control of NFAT. PD-1 / PD-L1 interaction delivers negative signal that inhibit luciferase activity. This inhibition can be relieved by anti-PD-1 / PD-L1 blocking mAbs that interrupts PD-1 / PD-L1 interaction to restore the luciferase activity. was used as positive control, and human IgG1 (hIgG1) was used as isotype control.
[0222] In this study, CHO-K1-aAPC-PD-L1 cells were seeded into a 96-well plate, then Jurkat-NFAT-Luc-PD-1 cells and serially diluted antibodies were added into each well. The number ratio of Jurkat-NFAT-Luc-PD-1 cell to CHO-K1-aAPC-PD-L1 cell was 4: 1. Then the mixed cells were incubated in a 37℃, 5%CO2 incubator for 6 hours. Equal volume of luciferase detection reagent was added and incubated at R.T. for 5min. The EC50 values were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.0 with Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting, and the EC50 values were shown under the blocking activity curve of Figures 15-16. As shown in the Figure 15 and 16, C570, C2719 and AEP247 showed strong blocking activity for the PD-1 / PD-L1 interaction.
[0223] 3.2.7. Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) assay
[0224] In the MLR assay, testing antibodies including C570, C2719, AEP247, human PD1 extracellular region (NP_005009.2, AA Met 1-Gln 167) and anti-human CD3 / CD28 beads were evaluated. For the assay, CD14+ monocyte was isolated from PBMC and then differentiated into immature dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and human IL-4 for 6 days, then interleukin 1β (IL-1β) , TNF-α, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) were added to stimulate DC maturation. Forty-eight hours later, the stimulated DC was validated by FACS analysis for the expression of CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR markers. The mature DCs (mDCs) and CD3+T cells and selected hit antibodies were cocultured for 5 additional days. IFN-γ production in the culture medium were tested. All the 3 tested antibodies were proved to enhance IFN-γ production (Figure 17) .
[0225] 3.2.8. Epitope Analysis
[0226] The epitope binning for C570, C2719 and AEP247 was carried out by octet. Briefly, the HIS1K sensors were hydrolyzed for 10 minutes followed by capture of 6xHis-tagged human PDL1 ECD recombinant protein to 0.3 nm. The PDL1 captured sensors were then exposed to Ab1 and Ab2 in tandem or Ab2 directly. The binding signals of Ab2 to PDL1 under different conditions were detected respectively. Finally, the relative binding signals of Ab2 in tandem were calculated by normalization. High relative binding signals represent low competition between Ab2 and Ab1 for binding antigen. Likewise, low relative association signals represent high competition between Ab2 and Ab1. As shown in Table 5, C570 and C2719 completely competed AEP247 for binding to PDL1.
[0227] Table 5. Epitope binning of C570, C2719 and AEP247
[0228] *When the value≤20%, the two Abs are in completely competition. When the value is 20%~80%, the two Abs are in partial competition. When the value is >80%, the two Abs are in no competition.
[0229] 3.2.9. PK profile of chimeric antibodies in C57BL / 6J-hCD47 / hSIRPα transgenic mouse model bearing MC38-hCD47&hPDL1
[0230] Single dose PK profile of C2719, C570 and AEP247 in mouse were measured using tumor cell MC38-hCD47 / hPDL1 (Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc) transplanted C57BL / 6J / hCD47 / hSIRPa transgenic mouse model (Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc) . Antibody AEP247 was used as reference control. Mice were administrated with C2719, C570, AEP247 or vehicle saline according to the schedule in Table 6-1. The concentrations of anti-PDL1 antibodies in mouse plasma collected at different time points were determined by a specific quantitative ELISA assay which used Human PD-L1 His Tag protein as capture antibody and goat Anti-human IgG Fcγ-HRP as detection antibody. The assay range of this method is from 10 ng / mL to 1000 ng / mL. PK parameters including T1 / 2, Cmax, Tmax, MRT and AUC0-last were calculated with non-compartment model using WinNonLin 7.0 software.
[0231] Table 6-1. PK study design
[0232] Single dose PK profiles of C2719, C570 and AEP247 at 1 mg / kg were shown in Figure 18 and Table 6-2.
[0233] Table 6-2. PK parameters
[0234] In this animal model, after reach to the Cmax, C2719, C570 and AEP247 showed target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) effect and a relative rapid elimination with T1 / 2 ranged from 23.0-53.1 hr. Cmax of C2719, C570 and AEP247 were 11062 ng / mL, 7592 ng / mL, 4435 ng / mL and T1 / 2 were 53.1 hr, 23.0 hr, 34.8 hr, respectively. Combined with serum concentration and PK parameters, PK profile ranking was C2719>AEP247>C570, however, as the dose level was only 1 mg / kg in this study, the PK profile might be underestimated due to the TMDD effect.
[0235] 3.2.10. PK profile of chimeric antibodies in CT26-derived mouse tumor model
[0236] Single dose Pharmacokinetics (PK) profile of C2719, C570 and AEP247 in mouse were measured using BALB / c-hPD1 / hSIRPα mice model bearing CT26-hCD47 / hPDL1 tumor cells (hCD47 and hPDL1 overexpression CT26 tumor cells, Gempharmatech Co., Ltd. ) . Antibody AEP247 was used as reference control. Mice were administrated with C2719, C570 or AEP247 according to the schedule in Table 7-1. The concentrations of anti-PDL1 antibodies in mouse plasma collected at different time points were determined by a specific quantitative ELISA assay which used Human PD-L1 His Tag protein as capture antibody and goat Anti-human IgG Fcγ-HRP as detection antibody. The assay range of this method was from 10 ng / mL to 1000ng / mL. PK parameters including T1 / 2, Cmax, Tmax, MRT and AUC0-last were calculated with non-compartment model using WinNonLin 7.0 software.
[0237] Table 7-1. PK study design
[0238] Single dose PK profiles of C2719, C570 and AEP247 at 5 mg / kg were shown in Table 7-2 and Figure 19.
[0239] Table 7-2. PK parameters
[0240] In this animal model, after reach to the Cmax, C2719, C570 and AEP247 showed a relative rapid elimination with T1 / 2 range from 22.2-42.9 hr due to the TMDD effect from human PDL1 in this model. Cmax of C2719, C570 and AEP247 were 28519 ng / mL, 33240 ng / mL, 16977 ng / mL and T1 / 2 were 42.9 hr, 36.1 hr, 22.2 hr, respectively. Combined with serum concentration and PK parameters, C2719 showed comparable PK profile compared with C570 and better than reference antibody AEP247.
[0241] 3.2.11. Efficacy profile in MC38-derived mouse tumor model
[0242] MC38 colorectal cancer cell line was engineered to express human CD47 and PD-L1 instead of mouse proteins (MC38-hCD47 / PD-L1, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc) . Cells were subcutaneously inoculated into human CD47 and SIRPα double knock-in (dKI) C57Bl6 mice (hCD47 / SIRPα dKI, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc) for tumor formation. Mice were divided into 4 groups, each with a mean tumor size of ~93mm3 and administered intraperitoneally (i. p. ) with AEP247, C2719 and C570, together with vehicle control. The spare mice were also separated into 3 groups and given a single dose (i. p., 1mg / kg) of vehicle, AEP247, C2719 or C570. Blood was withdrawn at different timepoints to monitor antibody concentration overtime by quantitative ELISA. The design was the same as that in Table 6-1.
[0243] Tumor dimensions (longevity, a, and width, b) were measured twice per week and tumor size calculated as V= (ab2) / 2. Tumor growth of treated groups was compared to vehicle group. Tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI%) was calculated as TGI%=1- (RTVt) / (RTVv) × 100% (RTVt and RTVv are mean relative tumor volume of treatment group and vehicle group at a specific time point, respectively. RTV=TVi / TV0, TVi and TV0 are tumor volume of an individual mouse on day i and day 0, respectively) . The first day giving drug was defined as day 0. Statistics of tumor growth differences was carried out by comparing to vehicle group using two-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism. p value<0.05 was considered as significant.
[0244] Table 8. Tumor growth inhibition of C570 and C2719 in MC38-hCD47 / PD-L1 mouse tumor model
[0245] Figure 20 showed in vivo tumor growth inhibition curves of C570 and C2719. Combined with Table 8, treatments with AEP247, C570 and C2719 all significantly delayed tumor growth compared to vehicle group. TGI of C570 and C2719 on day11 post treatment initiation (the last day when all groups had all mice alive) was comparable or better than AEP247.
[0246] 3.2.12. Efficacy profile in CT26-derived mouse tumor model
[0247] CT26 colorectal cancer cell line was engineered to express human CD47 and PDL1 instead of mouse proteins (CT26-hCD47 / hPDL1, Gempharmatech Co., Ltd. ) . Cells were subcutaneously inoculated into human PD1 and SIRPα double KI Balb / c mice (hPD1 / hSIRPα dKI, Gempharmatech Co., Ltd. ) for tumor formation. Mice were divided into 4 groups, each with a mean tumor size of ~101mm3 and administered intraperitoneally (i. p. ) with AEP247, C2719 and C570, together with vehicle control. The spare mice were also separated into 3 groups and given a single dose (i. p., 5mg / kg) of AEP247, C2719 or C570. Blood was withdrawn at different timepoints to monitor antibody concentration overtime by quantitative ELISA. The design was shown in Table 9-1.
[0248] Table 9-1. Design of CT26-hCD47 / PD-L1 in vivo study
[0249] Tumor growth inhibition rate (TGI%) was calculated as the method described in Example 3.2.11, and the results were shown in Table 9-2.
[0250] Table 9-2. Tumor growth inhibition of C570 and C2719 in MC38-hCD47 / PDL1 mouse tumor model
[0251] Figure 21 showed in vivo tumor growth inhibition curves of C570 and C2719. Combined with Table 9-2, treatment with AEP247, C570 and C2719 all significantly delayed tumor growth compared to vehicle group. Moreover, AEP247, C570 and C2719 administration resulted in 2, 2 and 3 complete remissions out of 6 mice, respectively. TGI of C570 and C2719 on day21 post treatment initiation was comparable or better than AEP247.
[0252] Example 4: Antibody humanization
[0253] 4.1. Humanization design
[0254] Complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting method was used for humanization of C570 and C2719.
[0255] 4.1.1. C570 humanization
[0256] Briefly, IGHV3-23*04 was selected as humanization template for C570 based on its homology to the original Alpaca antibody sequence. CDRs were defined using Kabat definition except CDR1, which was defined using a combination of Kabat and Chothia systems. For grafting, the CDRs and different combinations of canonical residues from C570 were grafted onto the templates. The resulting variants were produced and the top version of mAbs were designated as H570.001, H570.002, H570.003, and H570.004, where the prefix “H” indicates “humanized” , and the number in the suffix denotes the serial number. All the variants were tested in multiple in vitro assays to select the best ones that retained the property of the parental antibody.
[0257] The VHH sequences of humanized antibody were shown in Table 10. CDRs were underlined and defined by Kabat definition.
[0258] Table 10. Variable region sequences of C570 derived humanized antibodies
[0259] 4.1.2. C2719 humanization
[0260] Briefly, IGHV3-11*01was first selected as humanization template for C2719 based on its homology to the original Alpaca antibody sequence. CDRs were defined using Kabat definition except heavy chain CDR1, which was defined using a combination of Kabat and Chothia systems. For grafting, the CDRs and different combinations of canonical residues from C2719 were grafted onto the templates. The resulting variants were produced and designated as H2719.001, H2719.002, H2719.003, H2719.004, H2719.005, H2719.006, H2719.007, H2719.008, H2719.009, H2719.010, H2719.011, H2719.012, H2719.013, H2719.014, and H2719.015, where the prefix “H” indicates “humanized” , and the number in the suffix denotes the serial number. All the variants were tested in multiple in vitro assays to select the best ones that retained the property of the parental antibody.
[0261] The VHH sequences of humanized antibody were shown in Table 11. CDRs were underlined and defined by Kabat definition.
[0262] Table 11. Variable region sequences of C2719 derived humanized antibodies
[0263] 4.2. Affinity and binding activity
[0264] 4.2.1. C570 humanized version
[0265] The binding affinity of C570 derived humanized variants to human PDL1 ECD protein was determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fit with 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka / Kd / KD values for each antibody were calculated and summarized in Table 12-1.
[0266] Table 12-1. Affinity of C570 and C570 derived humanized variants to human PDL1 ECD protein
[0267] The binding of C570 and C570 derived humanized variants to cell membrane human PDL1 was detected by FACS assay using Raji / hPDL1 cells (Figure 22) . The EC50 and top MFI values analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 were summarized in Table 12-2.
[0268] Table 12-2. EC50 and Top MFI of binding of C570 and C570 derived humanized variants to Raji / hPDL1 cell line
[0269] 4.2.2. C2719 humanized version
[0270] The binding affinity of C2719 derived humanized variants to human PDL1 ECD protein was determined using Bio-Layer Interferometry (Octet) . The association and dissociation curves were fit with 1: 1 binding model, and the Ka / Kd / KD values for each antibody were calculated and summarized in Table 13-1.
[0271] Table 13-1. Affinity of C2719 and C2719derived humanized variants to human PDL1 ECD protein
[0272] The binding of C2719 and C2719 derived humanized variants to cell membrane human PDL1 was detected by FACS assay using Raji / human PDL1 cells (Figure 23A-23B) , human IgG1 was as an isotype control. The EC50 and top MFI values analyzed using Four-Parameter nonlinear fitting by GraphPad Prism 9.0 are summarized in Table 13-2.
[0273] Table 13-2. EC50 and Top MFI of binding of C2719 and C2719 derived humanized variants to Raji / hPDL1 cell line
[0274] 4.3. Blocking activity
[0275] 4.3.1. C570 versions
[0276] Blocking activity of C570 and C2719 derived humanized variants H570.001, H570.002, and H570.003 were tested by reporter assay, which was described in Example 3.2.6. Human IgG1 was used as isotype control.
[0277] Figure 24 showed that C570 and C570 humanization antibodies block the PD1 and PDL1 interaction, and The EC50 values were shown under the blocking activity curves. It showed H570.001 and H570.002 had good blocking activity to the PD1 / PDL1 binding and was comparable to their parental antibody C570.
[0278] 4.3.2. C2719 versions
[0279] Blocking activity of C2719, H2719.003, H2719.004, H2719.006, H2719.007, H2719.009, H2719.010, H2719.011, H2719.012, H2719.013, H2719.014, and H2719.015 were tested by reporter assay, which was described in Example 3.2.6. Human IgG1 was used as isotype control.
[0280] Figures 25A-25B showed that C2719 and C2719 humanization antibodies block the PD1 and PDL1 interaction. The EC50 values were shown under the blocking activity curves. As shown in Figure 25, H2719.004, H2719.006, H2719.007, H2719.009, H2719.010, H2719.013, H2719.014, and H2719.015 had good blocking activity to the PD1 / PDL1 binding and was comparable to their parental antibody C2719.
[0281] 4.4. Developability
[0282] 4.4.1. Tm-DSF in PBS
[0283] The melting temperature (Tm) values of humanized variants in PBS buffer was detected to predict their thermal stability. Briefly, humanized variants H570.001, H570.002, H570.003, H570.004, H2719.001, H2719.002, H2719.003, H2719.004, H2719.005, H2719.006, H2719.007, H2719.008, H2719.009, H2719.010, H2719.011, H2719.012, H2719.013, H2719.014, H2719.015, and their parental antibody C570 and C2719 were resolved in 10 mM PBS buffer (pH7.2-7.4) . The Tm values were then detected by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) using QuantStudio 7 Flex Real time PCR system. As shown in Table 14-1 and Table 14-2, the Tm values of the humanized variants were comparable to their individual parental antibody.
[0284] Table 14-1. Tm value of the C570 and C570 humanization variants
[0285] Table 14-2. Tm value of the C2719 and C2719 humanization variants
[0286] 4.4.2. Low pH stability assessment
[0287] Good stability under low pH conditions is important for antibodies because the purification process often involves exposure to acidic solution conditions and the commonly used low pH virus inactivation. Low pH usually causes soluble, insoluble aggregates and accelerates fragmentations.
[0288] Therefore, humanized variants H570.001, H570.002, H570.003, H570.004, H2719.002, H2719.008, H2719.011, H2719.012, H2719.013, H2719.015, and their parental antibody C570 and C2719 in PBS buffer were titrated with acetic acid to pH 3.0-3.5. The stability of humanized variants under low pH conditions was assessed through monitoring the changes in total soluble protein (recovery) and purity before and after exposure to the low pH solution (pH=3.0) for 2 hours. △purity was the purity difference value of samples “Low pH 2h” and samples “T0” .
[0289] Table 15-1. Stability of C570 and C570 humanization variants in low pH
[0290] Table 15-2. Stability of C2719 and C2719 humanization variants in low pH
[0291] Group T0 in Table 15-1 and Table 15-2 represented initial samples before exposure to the low pH solution for 2 hours.
[0292] As shown in Table 15-1 and Table 15-2, 2 hours exposure to the low pH solution resulted in nearly no change in total purity of the humanized variants, indicating that they all had good stability under low pH conditions and was comparable to their parental antibody.
[0293] 4.4.3. Freeze-thaw stress test
[0294] Freeze-thaw stability is often explored to determine the susceptibility of antibodies to temperature cycling which products are frequently exposed. For example, drug substance is often frozen to enable long-term storage. Drug product may be exposed to frozen temperature as part of the lyophilization process. The major degradation pathway of freeze-thaw is aggregates, including precipitates, particles, and soluble particles.
[0295] Therefore, the freeze-thaw stability of humanized variants H570.001, H570.002, H570.003, H570.004, H2719.002, H2719.008, H2719.011, H2719.012, H2719.013, H2719.015, and their parental antibody C570 and C2719 were assessed through monitoring the changes in purity before and after repeated freeze-thaw treatments. Briefly, variants in 20 mM PBS (pH6.0-6.2) was frozen to -80℃for more than 12 hours and then thawed at R.T.. After 5 repeated freeze-thaw cycles (FT5 for short) , the stress treated sample was assayed for concentration and purity by SEC. △purity was the purity difference value of samples “FT5” and samples “T0” .
[0296] Table 16-1. Stability of C570 and C570 humanization variants after FT5
[0297] Table 16-2. Stability of C2719 and C2719 humanization variants after FT5
[0298] Group T0 in Table 16-1 and Table 16-2 represented initial samples without freeze-thaw cycles.
[0299] As shown in Table 16-1 and Table 16-2, all the humanized variants, as well as their parental antibody, had no obvious aggregates and fragments increase after multiple freeze-thaw cycles, indicating that it had good freeze-thaw stability and was comparable to their parental antibody.
[0300] 4.4.4. Thermal stress test
[0301] Thermal stress at temperatures exceeding normal storage conditions can accelerate degradation, thereby increasing the detectability of potential degradation pathways to provide information about long-term degradation at intended storage conditions.
[0302] The thermal stress tests of humanized variants H570.001, H570.002, H570.003, H570.004, H2719.002, H2719.008, H2719.011, H2719.012, H2719.013, H2719.015, and their parental antibody C570 and C2719 in PBS were performed at 25℃ and 40℃ for 10 days. Purity of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were detected to monitor insoluble or soluble aggregates. Δmono @40℃-Day10 was the purity difference value of samples “T0” and samples “40℃-Day10” .
[0303] Table 17-1. Stability of C570 and C570 humanization variants at 25℃ and 40℃
[0304] Table 17-2. Stability of C2719 and C2719 humanization variants at 25℃ and 40℃
[0305] Group T0 in Table 17-1 and Table 17-2 represented initial samples without thermal stress tests.
[0306] As shown in Table 17-1 and Table 17-2, the purity of the humanized variants in PBS, as well as their parental antibody, changed little after 10 days of incubation at 25℃ or 40℃.
[0307] Example 5: Anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody generation and characterization
[0308] 5.1 Anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody construction and expression
[0309] The anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibodies were constructed as anti-PDL1 single domain antibody (sdAb) C570 or C570 derived humanized Ab in N-terminus of Fc and anti-SIRPα Fab fused to C-terminus of Fc (Figure 26) . A flexible (Gly4Ser) 3 linker or (Gly4Ser) 4 linker was genetically linked to the N-terminus of the anti-SIRPα Fab. The amino acid sequences of anti-SIRPα Fab, anti-PDL1 / SIRPα antibody and Fc fragment were shown in Table 18. CDRs were underlined and defined by Kabat definition. The benchmark antibody anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2 from patent WO2022127901, which has a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO: 49 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO: 50, was also produced for test.
[0310] For expression, the DNA encoding the light chain and the heavy chain in either the same expression vector or separate expression vectors were used to transfect CHO cell for transfection. The culture media were harvested and the fusion protein was purified by Protein A Sepharose column.
[0311] Table 18. Amino acid sequences of anti-PDL1 / SIRPα antibody
[0312] In research stage, ES019-79 or ES019-116 was transiently expressed by CHO-K1 cells (suspension culture) with the transfection of pcDNA3.4 plasmid. The expression titer of ES019-79 was 124mg / L and ES019-116 could reach to 418 mg / L. ES019-79 and ES019-116 were easy to purify because of no mispairing risk.
[0313] 5.2 ES019-116 Purification, physicalchemistory property, productivity and developability
[0314] A two-steps purification strategy was used with protein A chromatography followed by cation ion exchange (CEX) by Hi-Trap SP / HP column. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) was performed using an Agilent 1260 Infinity system with the TSKGel G3000 SWXL size exclusion chromatography column at 25 ℃. Samples were diluted to 10 mg / ml with mobile phase before SEC analysis. Capillary Electrophoresis Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (CE-SDS) was performed for purity analysis on Maurice (Protein Simple) . 20 mg / mL of tested samples were diluted with 1 x sample buffer (Protein Simple) to the final concentration of 1 mg / mL in 50 μL, for reducing condition, 2.5 μL of 14.2 M β-Mercaptoethanol (β-ME) will be added, for non-reducing condition, 2.5 μL of 250 mM N-Ethylmaleimide will be added. After being heated at 70℃ for 10 minutes, the sample will be loaded at 4600 V for 20 seconds and separated at 5750 V for 35 minutes in reducing condition, and at 5750 V for 40 minutes in non-reducing condition. Absorbance under 280 nm was detected and recorded. After protein A purification, the SEC-HPLC purity is 94.41% (~1.58%aggregates and ~4.01%fragments) and the antibody was stored in 10 mM NaAc-HAc, pH5.2 buffer. In the second step CEX purification, the purification recovery rate is 76%, and the final product was stored in 25 mM NaAc, 120 mM NaCl, pH=5.2. The final ES019-116 purity analyzed by non-reduced capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) was 98.5%with 1.5%of fragments, and SEC-HPLC was 99.76%with a 0.24%of aggregates. The percentage of heavy chain and light chain in reduced CE-SDS was 69.4%and 30.3%, respectively. Charge heterogenicity of ES019-116 was analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) , the pH value (potential of hydrogen) of the main peak was 7.89 which approach to its predicted isoelectric point (PI) of 7.8. The percentage of acidic peak was 25.5%and of the basic peak of 1.1%.
[0315] ES019-116 was also assessed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) -HPLC using MAbPac HIC-10 column, it showed a single peak with the retention time of 7.95 min and no other detected hydrophobic heterogeneity peaks, suggesting ES019-116 has low hydrophobicity. ES019-116 was analyzed by detecting its binding to baculovirus particles (BVP) by ELISA, which was reported as a useful method to evaluate the non-specific binding of therapeutic proteins. Similar with hIgG1 isotype, ES019-116 showed almost no binding to 1%BVP.
[0316] In summary, there is no physicochemical property problem of ES019-116 observed in developability assessment studies. By one step protein A purification, the SEC purity is 94.41%and the SEC purity could reach to 99.76%after CEX purification. The antibody showed relatively low hydrophobicity (HIC, 7.95 mins) , and no detected non-specific binding to BVP. The sequence and molecular weight of ES019-116 was confirmed by mass spectrum (<20 ppm) and it has normal N-glycan profile (the component percentage of mannose 5 was 2.0%) . Also, ES019-116 has good thermal stability with Tm1=68.7℃.
[0317] 5.3 Binding of anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody to PDL1 and SIRPα by FACS
[0318] Approximately 100,000 CHOK1 cells overexpressing human PDL1 (CHOK1 / hPDL1) , CHOK1 cells overexpressing human SIRPα (CHOK1 / SIRPα) or CHOK1 cells overexpressing human PDL1 (Raji / hPDL1) were washed with wash buffer and incubated with 100 μl serial dilution of PDL1 / SIRPαbispecific antibody (ES019-79, ES019-116 or PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2) for 1 hour at 4℃. Cells were then washed twice with wash buffer and incubated with 100 μl of anti-human Fc-Alexa Flour 647 for 1 hour at 4℃. Cells were then washed twice with wash buffer and analyzed on a FACS Canto II analyzer (BD Biosciences) .
[0319] As shown in Figure 27A, the anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibodies bound to CHO / hPDL1 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
[0320] As shown in Figure 27B, the anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibodies bound to CHOK1 / SIRPαcell in a dose-dependent manner.
[0321] As shown in Figure 27C, ES019-116 showed higher binding plateau measured by maximal mean fluorescence intensity (MFI, MFI=18995) compared to the MFI of PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2 (MFI=7898) . The result indicated that ES019-116 demonstrated higher PD-L1 binding ability than PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2.
[0322] 5.4 Anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody enhances in vitro macrophage phagocytosis of PDL1+ cancer cells
[0323] Raji lymphoma tumor cells expressing human PDL1 (Raji / hPDL1) were labeled with CellTrace Violet staining solution and incubated with mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) labeled with CellTrace Far Red staining solution prepared from C57BL6-hCD47 / hSIRPα double knock-in mice either in the presence of an isotype control human IgG1 (hIgG1) , anti-PDL1 antibody C570, anti-SIRPα antibody hu025.060 (with human IgG1 isotype) and anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody. After 2 hours, the macrophages were harvested, and analyzed by flow cytometry. CellTrace Far Red and CellTrace Violet double positive events identify macrophages that have phagocytosed CellTrace Violet-labeled tumor cell. Each sample was represented by a different color. Phagocytic index was shown for two separate samples.
[0324] As shown in Figure 28, anti-PDL1 antibody induced ~50%phagocytosis by antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and anti-SIRPα antibody barely induced phagocytosis. Anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody ES019-79 and ES019-116 induced stronger phagocytosis in a dose dependent manner compared to monotherapy. The anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibodies stimulated mouse BMDM phagocytosis against Raji / hPDL1 cells better than single treatments.
[0325] 5.5 Anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody demonstrates potent in vivo anti-tumor efficacy
[0326] Human BALB / c-hPD1 / hSIRPα double Knock-in mice (Gempharmatech Co., Ltd. ) were inoculated with hCD47 / hPDL1 overexpression CT26 tumor cells (CT26-hCD47 / hPDL1) . Mice were grouped according to tumor volume into 5 groups when the mean tumor volume reached ~70-100 mm3. Mice were i. p. dosed with the same molar concentration of vehicle, 10mpk PDL1 sdAb C570, 10mpk SIRPα mAb hu025.060 (with human IgG4 isotype) , 10mpk PDL1 C570 plus 10mpk SIRPα mAb hu025.060 (Group Combo) or 14mpk ES019-79. Dosing schedule was BIW for 5 doses. Tumor volumes were measured twice per week. 3 days post the 5th dosing, mice were sacrificed, and tumors were weighted. Statistics were carried out by 2-way anova comparing the mean tumor volume of different treatment groups to that of isotype control group.
[0327] As shown in Figure 29, anti-PDL1 antibody 570, anti-SIRPα antibody hu025.060 monotherapy and the combination of anti-PDL1 and anti-SIRPα antibody did not inhibit tumor growth similar to vehicle treatment. Anti-PDL1 / SIRPα bispecific antibody ES019-79 induced strong tumor growth inhibition and almost completed tumor regression in vivo tumor model.
[0328] 5.6 ES019-116 Binding Affinity
[0329] The anti-PD-L1 binding affinity of ES019-116 and anti-PD-L1 C570 were measured by Biacore surface plasmon resonance (Cytiva) . ES019-116 or C570 was immobilized onto CM5 sensor chips (Cytiva) and then PD-L1 analyte (hPDL1 protein: 2-fold dilution from 60nM) was injected for 180 seconds, followed by a dissociation cycle of 180 seconds. Binding kinetic analysis data showed ES016- 116 had comparable binding affinity (KD=2.42E-10M) to anti-PD-L1 C570 (KD=1.08E-10M) , see Table 19.
[0330] Table 19. ka, kd and KD of ES019-116 and C570 in kinetics assay to hPD-L1 protein by Biacore surface plasmon resonance
[0331] The binding affinity to human SIRPα was measured by Biacore surface plasmon resonance. ES019-116 or anti-SIRPα mAb ES004-hu025.060m1 (hu025.060-IgG1. C220S) was immobilized onto CM5 sensor chips (Cytiva) and then SIRPα analyte (hSIRPα protein: 2-fold dilution from 60nM) was injected for 180 seconds, followed by a dissociation cycle of 180 seconds. Binding kinetic analysis data showed ES016-116 had about 5x affinity lower (KD=1.37-8M) than ES004-hu025.060m1 (KD=2.36E-9M) , see Table 20.
[0332] Table 20. ka, kd and KD of ES019-116 and ES004-hu025.060m1 in kinetics assay to hSIRPαprotein by Biacore surface plasmon resonance
[0333] 5.7 PD1 / PD-L1 blocking function by reporter cell assay
[0334] The PD-L1 / PD1 blocking activity of ES019-116 was assessed using Jurkat-PD1-NFAT-Luc reporter assay. Briefly, ES019-116 and C570 were proved to activate Jurkat T cell through blocking the PD1 / PD-L1 interaction. The result showed that ES019-116 and C570 could block PD1 / PD-L1 interaction to increase luciferase signal of Jurkat-NFAT-Luc-PD-1 reporter cell line (Figure 30) . C570 and ES019-116 had similar efficacy to activate Jurkat T cells were with EC50 of ES019-116=6.05 nM, and EC50 of C570=5.04 nM, respectively, see Table 21.
[0335] Table 28. Summary of ES019-116 and C570 activity in PD1 / PD-L1 reporter assay
[0336] 5.8 Binding of ES019-116 to SIRPα v1 and SIRPα v2 variant
[0337] The binding activity of ES019-116 to human SIRPα alleles SIRPα v1 variant (NP_001035111.1) and SIRPα v2variant (GenBank: ATD50864.1) was tested by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . In the assay, ELISA plates were coated with 1 μg / mL recombinant human SIRPα v1 or SIRPαv2 protein in 100 μL PBS buffer at 4 ℃ overnight and were then blocked with 2%BSA in PBST (PBS with 0.05%Tween 20) for 2 hours at 27 ℃. ES019-116 was prepared by 8-folds dilution starting from 200 nM. The test samples were loaded in duplicate at room temperature for 1 hour incubation. Peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-hIgG Fcγ fragment (1: 10,000) in ELISA buffer was added and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction was visualized by the addition of 100 μL TMB substrate for 3 minutes and then stopped with 100 μL 1 M hydrochloric acid. Absorbance at 450 nm was measured using ELISA plate reader. The result showed ES019-116 could bind to both SIRPαv1 (EC50=0.12 nM) and SIRPα v2 (EC50=0.115 nM) variants with similar efficacies (Table 22) .
[0338] Table 22. Binding activity of ES019-116 to SIRPα v1 and SIRPα v2 protein
[0339] 5.9 Potent Macrophage Phagocytic Activity of ES019-116 against Raji-hPD-L1 Tumor Cell
[0340] The phagocytosis activity of ES019-116 was evaluated in human monocyte derived macrophage (hMDM) phagocytosis assay against Raji-PD-L1 tumor cells.
[0341] Human Raji-PD-L1 tumor cells were labeled with the fluorescent dye CellTrace Far Red and incubated with human monocytes derived macrophages (MDMs) prepared from human PBMC after human M-CSF treatment for 7 days. After incubation of hMDMs and Raji-PD-L1 tumor cells for 2 hours, the macrophages were harvested and stained with fluorescently labeled anti-CD11b, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. CD11b+CellTrace Far Red+ double positive events identify macrophages that have phagocytosed CFSE-labeled tumor cell. Each sample was represented by a different color. Phagocytic index was shown for three separate samples.
[0342] As shown in Figure 31A, anti-PDL1 C570 induced ~27%phagocytosis mainly through antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) . ES019-116 significantly induced stronger phagocytosis (maximum phagocytosis percentage ~48.47%) in a dose dependent manner (EC50=0.338nM) (Figure 31A) . Compared to anti-PDL1 C570, ES019-116 showed potent phagocytosis activity of Raji-PD-L1 cells by hMDMs from human PBMC donor. Anti-CD47 antibody were used as control.
[0343] In a similar assay condition, the phagocytosis activities of ES019-116 and PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2 were also compared by human monocyte derived macrophage (hMDM) against Raji / PD-L1 tumor cells. As shown in Figure 31B, ES019-116 induced stronger macrophage phagocytosis (maximal phagocytosis percentage ~38.20%, EC50=0.138nM) than PD-L1 / SIRPα-HC2 (maximum phagocytosis percentage ~32.68%, EC50=0.121nM) .
[0344] 5.10 ES019 didn’t induce phagocytosis to human monocytes or human PBMCs
[0345] To test the possible effect of ES019-116 bispecific antibody on immune cells, the phagocytosis activity of ES019-116 using human monocyte derived macrophages against human monocytes or human PBMC was evaluated. The result showed ES019-116 barely induced macrophage phagocytosis of human monocytes (Figure 32A) or human PBMC (Figure 32B) .
[0346] Because ES019-116 could induce phagocytosis to PD-L1 expressing tumor cells and but not to human monocytes or human PBMCs, ES019-116 induced phagocytosis is completely dependent on the expression of PD-L1 and it will not cause non-specific phagocytosis in the absence of PD-L1 expression.
[0347] 5.11 ES019-116 Reprograms Macrophages to M1-like and Stimulates Macrophage Cytokine Production In the presence of tumor cells
[0348] To explore ES019-116 functional activity on macrophage polarization and cytokine production, the macrophage reprogramming assay was performed by in vitro assay. In the assay, human monocyte derived macrophage (hMDM) was differentiated by M-CSF from PBMC for 7 days, and then continue to be co-cultured with human Raji-PDL1 tumor cells in the treatment of ES019-116, Atezolizumab or control. After treatment for 24 hours and 48 hours, the macrophages were collected for polarization marker (CD86 and CD163) staining and the culture supernatants were measured for cytokine production (TNF-a, IL-6, CXCL-10 and IL-10) .
[0349] After 24 hours treatment, ES019-116 bispecific antibody could induce strong macrophage phagocytosis of Raji-hPD-L1 tumor cells (Figure 33) . And ES019-116 showed more potent phagocytosis activity than Atezolizumab.
[0350] Besides of phagocytosis, ES019-116 could also reprogram M2 like macrophage to M1 like macrophage by increasing the percentage of CD86highCD163low macrophage population after 24 hours or 48 hours treatment (Figure 34A and 34B) . The ES019 induced macrophage polarization effect depended on the presence of tumor cells since there is no such macrophage polarization effect in the absence of tumor cells (macrophage only) . And ES019-116 showed more potent macrophage polarization activity than Atezolizumab.
[0351] Besides, ES019-116 treatment could stimulate macrophage to produce inflammatory cytokine in the presence of tumor cells. After 24 hours incubation, ES019-116 could activate macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-a and IL-6 production and its cytokine activation efficacy was higher than Atezolizumab. Similar to the result of polarization, there is no pro-inflammatory cytokine production effect in the absence of tumor cells (macrophage only) (Figure 35) .
[0352] After 48 hours incubation, ES019-116 could further activate macrophage to produce more pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-a, IL-6 and CXCL-10, but not IL-10 production. Similar to previous result, there is pro-inflammatory cytokine production effect in the absence of tumor cells (macrophage only) (Figure 36) .
[0353] 5.12 ES019 Didn’t Induce Cytokine Production by in vitro Human PBMC Assay
[0354] The potential systemic cytokine release syndrome (CRS) adverse event (AE) of ES019 bispecific antibodies ES019-79 and ES019-116 were tested by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy human donors.
[0355] CRS highlighted the capacity of immune stimulatory antibodies to induce significant systemic immune mediated toxicities. The CRS assay using PBMC for the detection of cytokine release is highly recommended for dependable preclinical safety testing of new therapeutic antibodies. Anti-CD3 antibody (Clone: OKT3, a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) were used as positive control, hIgG1 (human IgG1) and hIgG4 (human IgG4) were isotype control. anti-human PD-L1 C570, Atezolizumab and Avelumab were also tested. PBMCs were incubated with tested antibodies for 48 hours, and then the cell supernatants were collected for cytokines detection (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) using HTRF kit. Mean (n=3) ±SD was shown. As shown in Figure 37, the in vitro CRS assay result indicated that ES019-79 and ES019-116 didn’t induce any tested cytokines production (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) from human PBMC donors, so ES019-79 and ES019-116 demonstrated a favorable safety profile due to its low risk to induce systemic cytokine release syndrome.
[0356] 5.13 ES019-116 Pharmacokinetics study in mice model
[0357] The pharmacokinetics characteristics of ES019-116 was evaluated in a hPD1 / hSIRPα double knock-in BALB / c syngeneic mouse model bearing CT26-hCD47 / hPDL1 tumor.
[0358] The concentrations of ES019-116 was measured by a specific quantitative ELISA method. Human SIRPα protein was used as the capture protein. Biotinylated Human PD-L1 His Protein and streptavidin-HRP were used as the first and second detection antibody, respectively. The assay detection concentration range was from 20 ng / mL to 2000 ng / mL. Blood samples were collected at 0.25 h, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 120 h, 144 h, 168 h, 240 h, 336 h and 504 h after single dose of 14 mg / kg ES019-116 by intraperitoneal injection. The PK concentrations curve in the Figure 38 showed that ES019-116 demonstrated a typical absorption, distribution and elimination phase of IgG antibody. Given the expression of hSIRPα on myeloid cells in mice and human PD-L1 on tumor cells, the target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) effect might contribute to the rapid decline of drug concentration in mouse plasma after injection. Besides, anti-drug antibody (ADA) production in this immunocompetent mouse model would also affect the terminal elimination.
[0359] 5.14 ES019-116 Demonstrates Potent In Vivo anti-tumor Efficacy in CT26 Syngeneic model
[0360] Human Balb / c-hPD1 / hSIRPα double Knock-in mice were inoculated with hCD47 / hPDL1 overexpression CT26 tumor cells. Mice were grouped according to tumor volume into 3 groups when the mean tumor volume reached ~70-100 mm3. And then the mice were i. p. dosed with 7 mg / kg or 14 mg / kg ES019-116. Dosing schedule was BIW for 5 doses. Tumor volumes were measured twice per week. 3 days post the 5th dosing, mice were sacrificed and tumors were weighted. Statistics were carried out by 2-way anova comparing the mean tumor volume of different treatment groups to that of isotype control group.
[0361] Relative tumor inhibition rate, TGI (%) was calculated as the method described in Example 3.2.11. As shown in Figure 39, ES019-116 induced strong tumor growth inhibition with its TGI=60.35%at 7mg / kg, and TGI=100%at 14mg / kg, respectively.
[0362] Besides, the anti-tumor efficacy of ES019-116 was also tested in Balb / c-hPDL1 / hPD1 / hCD47 / hSIRPα four knock-in mice (Gempharmatech Co., Ltd. ) which were inoculated with hCD47 / hPDL1 overexpression CT26 tumor cells. Mice were grouped according to tumor volume into 3 groups when the mean tumor volume reached ~100-120 mm3. And then the mice were i. p. dosed with 7 mg / kg or 14 mg / kg ES019-116. Dosing schedule was BIW for 4 doses. Tumor volume were measured twice per week. 3 days post the 4th dosing, mice were sacrificed and tumors were weighted. Statistics were carried out by 2-way anova comparing the mean tumor volume of different treatment groups to that of isotype control group. As shown in Figure 40, ES019-116 induced strong tumor growth inhibition with its TGI=38.82%at 7mg / kg, and TGI=69.08%at 14mg / kg, respectively.
[0363] While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims
1.An anti-PDL1 single domain antibody (sdAb) , comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs) 1, 2, and 3, wherein said CDR1 is different from an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32, 36 or 39 by no more than 3, 2 or 1 amino acid; said CDR2 is different from an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33, 35 or 37 by no more than 3, 2 or 1 amino acid; and said CDR3 is different from an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 or 38 by no more than one amino acid.2.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein said single domain antibody comprises CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 having amino acid sequences about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively.3.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein said single domain antibody comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.4.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-3, wherein said single domain antibody binds to human, cynomolgus and / or mouse PDL1.5.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-4, wherein said single domain antibody specifically binds to human PDL1.6.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-5, wherein said single domain antibody blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1.7.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-6, wherein said single domain antibody enhances IFN-γ production.8.The anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-7, wherein said single domain antibody is a humanized antibody or chimeric antibody.9.A fusion protein, comprising:a) a first domain binding to PDL1, comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, said CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 have amino acid sequences about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100%identical to the amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 33, and 34, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 32, 35, and 34, respectively; (3) SEQ ID NOs: 36, 37, and 38, respectively; or (4) SEQ ID NOs: 39, 37, and 38, respectively; andb) a second domain binding to SIRPα.10.The fusion protein of claim 9, wherein the first domain comprises an amino acid sequence at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%or 99%identical to one of amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-21.11.The fusion protein of claim 9 or 10, wherein the second domain binds to SIRPα expressed by effector cells.12.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-11, the second domain comprises a heavy chain variable region (VH) paired with a light chain variable region (VL) , whereina) the VH comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein the VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 have amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100%identical to amino acid sequences set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NOs: 40, 41, and 42, respectively; (2) SEQ ID NOs: 40, 43, and 44, respectively; andb) the VL comprising CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein the VL CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 have amino acid sequences about 80%to about 100%identical to amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 45, 46, and 47, respectively.13.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-12, wherein the second domain comprises a light chain, wherein the light chain is a kappa (κ) or lamda (λ) light chain.14.The fusion protein of claim 13, wherein the light chain comprises a light chain constant region (CL) having an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 or 31.15.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-14, wherein the second domain comprises a heavy chain constant region 1 (CH1) .16.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-15, wherein the second domain is an anti-SIRPαFab fragment.17.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-16, the second domain comprises a VH-CH1 fragment paired with the light chain, whereina) the VH-CH1 fragment having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; orb) the VH-CH1 fragment having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24, and the light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.18.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-17, wherein the first domain and the second domain are covalently linked via a Fc fragment.19.The fusion protein of claim 18, wherein the first domain is fused to N-terminus of Fc fragment and the second domain is fused to C-terminus of the Fc fragment.20.The fusion protein of any one of claims 18-19, wherein the fusion protein is a symmetric bispecific molecule, wherein two first domains are fused to N-terminus of the Fc fragment and two second domains are fused to C-terminus of the Fc fragment.21.The fusion protein of any one of claims 18-20, the C-terminus of the first domain is fused to the N-terminus of the fragment, and / or the C-terminus of the VH-CH1 fragment is fused to the C-terminus of the fragment.22.The fusion protein of any one of claims 18-21, wherein the Fc fragment is derived from human immunoglobulin, optionally the human immunoglobulin is IgG4 or IgG1.23.The fusion protein of any one of claims 18-22, wherein the Fc fragment is human IgG4 with mutation S228P, or human IgG1 with mutation C220S, numbered by EU numbering scheme.24.The fusion protein of any one of claims 18-23, wherein the Fc fragment comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26 or 27.25.The fusion protein of any one of claims 18-24, wherein the Fc fragment and the second domain are covalently linked via a peptide linker.26.The fusion protein of claim 25, wherein the peptide linker has the formula (Gly4Ser) n, n is an integer from 1 to 5.27.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-26, wherein the first domain and the second domain are covalently linked via (Gly4Ser) 3 or (Gly4Ser) 4.28.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-27, wherein the fusion protein comprises(1) a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, and a light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; or(2) a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48, and a light chain having an amino acid sequence at least about 80%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99%identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 25.29.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-28, wherein the fusion protein enhances effector cells phagocytosis of tumor cells, optionally the tumor cells express target antigen to which the first domain binds.30.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-29, wherein the fusion protein binds to human PDL1 and human SIRPα.31.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-30, wherein the fusion protein barely induces the phagocytosis to human monocytes or human PBMCs.32.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-31, wherein the fusion protein at least partially reprograms M2 or M2 like macrophages to M1 or M1-like macrophages.33.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-32, wherein the fusion protein stimulates macrophage to produce inflammatory cytokine including TNF-a, IL-6 and CXCL-10.34.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-33, wherein the fusion protein barely induces PBMC to produce cytokines, which includes IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10.35.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-34, wherein the fusion protein blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1, optionally, the fusion protein blocks the interaction of PD1 and PDL1 with EC50 no more than 10, 9, 8, or 7 nM.36.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-35, wherein the EC50 of binding activity of the fusion protein to the SIRPα is no more than 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 nM.37.The fusion protein of any one of claims 9-36, wherein the effector cells comprise macrophage.38.An isolated polynucleotide encoding the single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8 or encoding the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37.39.A construct comprising the polynucleotide of claim 38.40.An antibody expressing system, comprising the construct including an isolated polynucleotide of claim 38 or having a genome integrated with an exogenous polynucleotide of claim 38, wherein preferably, the expressing system is a cell expression system.41.A method for producing the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8 or the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37, comprising: under conditions suitable for expressing the antibody, expressing the antibody or fusion protein using the antibody expressing system of claim 40.42.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8 or the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.43.A kit comprising the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8, the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37, the isolated polynucleotide of claim 38, or the construct of claim 39.44.Use of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8, the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 42 in the manufacture of a therapeutic agent for preventing, diagnosing, or treating a disease, disorder, or condition.45.The use of claim 44, wherein the disease, disorder, or condition is a tumor.46.The use of claim 44 or 45, wherein at least a tumor cell expresses PDL1, preferably human PDL1.47.The use of any one of claims 44-46, wherein the tumor is a solid tumor.48.The use of any one of claims 44-47, wherein the tumor comprises lung cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and colon cancer.49.A method for treating a subject having a tumor, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8, the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 42.50.The method of claim 49, wherein the subject is mammal animals comprising human and non-human animals, the non-human animals include mouse, and cynomolgus monkey.51.A method for decreasing the rate of tumor growth or the number of tumor cells, comprising contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8, the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 42.52.A method of killing a tumor cell, comprising contacting a tumor cell with an effective amount of the anti-PDL1 single domain antibody of any one of claims 1-8, the fusion protein of any one of claims 9-37 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 42.