Helmet and manufacturing method

Abstract

A helmet designed for work at height and mountaineering comprises a shell (2) and a deflector (6). The shell (2) has a surface area defining several first through holes (4) separated by first struts (5), thus defining a first ventilation zone. The deflector (6) is attached to the shell (2) and positioned between the shell (2) and the space intended to accommodate a user's head. The deflector (6) is positioned opposite the first ventilation zone in a first direction perpendicular to a median sagittal plane of the helmet user. The deflector (6) defines a surface extending primarily in a direction connecting the apex of the shell and a lower end of the shell (2). The surface of the deflector (6) extends away from the surface of the shell (2) in the first direction directed towards the median sagittal plane (4b).

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a helmet and its manufacturing process. Previous technique

[0002] In rope access work, rope access technicians are equipped with a variety of safety equipment, including a helmet. The helmet is designed to be secured to the head and must protect the user against various types of impacts. To withstand increasingly violent impacts without adding weight to the helmets, research has been conducted on the shell itself, both in terms of its shape and the materials used in its construction, as well as the methods for securing the shell to the user's head.

[0003] In addition to these issues, there is a need regarding temperature management inside the helmet, particularly when the outside temperature rises and / or when intense efforts are made.

[0004] To improve thermal comfort, the helmet may be equipped with one or more vents that open in front of the user's head to promote airflow. This airflow helps to clear the space between the head and the shell or liner, reducing the temperature inside the helmet.

[0005] For obvious safety reasons, while maintaining reasonable size and weight, it is not possible to make holes in many parts of the shell so the holes are usually present on the right and left lateral portions of the shell.

[0006] Regardless of its position on the helmet shell, the presence of a hole through the shell's thickness corresponds to the presence of a tunnel that opens directly in front of the user's head. It appears that under certain specific conditions, particularly during pruning activities, a branch or other thin object can pass through the tunnel and strike the user's head during relative movement between the branch and the shell—for example, a branch moving in a roughly horizontal direction towards the inside of the volume defined by the shell.

[0007] To avoid this problem, some tree-climbing helmets lack through-holes, preventing airflow in the upper part of the helmet's interior. An alternative design involves using small-diameter holes. Because the diameter is small, airflow is very limited, necessitating a large number of holes. However, a large number of holes naturally reduces mechanical performance, requiring further modifications to the helmet's shell.

[0008] It is observed that it is difficult to design a mountaineering helmet or a helmet for working at height that allows for a significant airflow in the upper part of the shell while ensuring a high level of protection.

[0009] It is observed that the issue of ventilation is also present in other categories of helmets, particularly ski helmets, which have a rigid shell containing a foam liner. The shell has vents that pass through it, and the liner also has vents that are offset and / or a mesh panel is installed between the shell and the liner. It should be noted that the ventilation challenges are different because skiers travel at high speeds, skiing takes place in relatively low temperatures, and the impacts are of a different type. This allows for different compromises in the configuration and positioning of the vents, so that the vents are mostly located on the top of the helmet.Furthermore, such a configuration is not suitable for a mountaineering or working at height helmet because it involves making a heavier and bulkier helmet in response to different regulatory constraints, particularly regarding resistance to penetrating impacts from objects falling on the top of the helmet. Object of the invention

[0010] One object of the invention is to provide a helmet which allows a better compromise between protection and ventilation of the inside of the shell without degrading the other parameters of the helmet.

[0011] This problem is being addressed by using a helmet designed for working at heights and mountaineering, which includes: a cap having a top and a base with a cap wall delimiting several first through holes separated by first uprights to form a first ventilation zone, the cap extending in a vertical direction between the base and the top; a headgear delimiting a space for receiving a user's head.

[0012] The helmet is remarkable in that it has a deflector attached to the shell and positioned between the shell and the space intended to receive a user's head, delimited by the liner, to deflect an object entering through one of the first through holes; in that the deflector has a deflection wall opposite the first ventilation zone in a first direction perpendicular to the height direction, the deflection wall extending towards the top to an upper end; in that the inner wall of the cap and the deflector form a conduit opening towards the top of the cap and flaring out towards the top of the cap; and in that the upper end is arranged between the crown and the inner wall of the cap so that any imaginary straight line tangent to the upper end and passing through the first through holes crosses the cap without crossing the user's head reception space delimited by the crown.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the diverter delimits several second through holes separated by second uprights to define a second ventilation zone. The second through holes have a smaller area than the area of ​​the first through holes opposite them in the first direction.

[0014] Preferably, each first through hole is opposite at least two second through holes along the first direction.

[0015] Advantageously, the deflector is mounted removable from the crown.

[0016] Preferably, a shutter is mounted movable relative to the first ventilation zone between a closed position where the first through holes are closed by the shutter and an open position where the shutter is not opposite the first through holes in the first direction.

[0017] In one embodiment, the deflector is movable relative to the dome between a protective position and another position in which the shutter is fixed to the deflector. The protective position is one where the deflector wall is opposite the first ventilation zone in the first direction. The other position corresponds to the closed position of the shutter.

[0018] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a helmet that improves the compromise between ventilation and head protection.

[0019] This result is achieved through a helmet manufacturing process comprising the following steps: to provide a helmet and a deflector, the helmet comprising a shell and a liner, the shell having a top and a base defining a support plane, the shell being provided with a shell wall delimiting several first through holes separated by first uprights to form a first ventilation zone, the liner delimiting a space intended to receive a user's head; to attach the deflector to the shell, the deflector being arranged between the shell and the liner to deflect an object entering through one of the first through holes; in which the deflector is opposite the first ventilation zone in a first direction parallel to the support plane; in which, in a cutting plane perpendicular to the support plane and according to an observation following a height direction perpendicular to the support plane and going from the support plane to the top, the inclined surface of the deviator moves away from the surface of the cap, moving predominantly towards the top of the cap and without crossing the space intended to receive the user's head delimited by the cap. Brief description of the drawings

[0020] Other advantages and features will become clearer from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: there figure 1 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a helmet equipped with a deflector in the protective position and defining second through holes; the figure 2schematically illustrates a side view of a helmet equipped with a deflector in the protective position and defining second through holes; the figure 3 schematically illustrates a perspective view of the inside of a helmet equipped with a deflector in the protective position and defining second through holes; the figure 4 schematically illustrates a perspective view of the inside of a helmet equipped with a deflector in the closed position, defining second through holes; the figure 5 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a helmet shell equipped with a deflector in the closed position and extended by a shutter closing the first through holes; the figure 6 schematically illustrates a side view of a helmet shell equipped with a deflector in the closed position and extended by a shutter closing the first through holes; the figure 7schematically illustrates a perspective view of a cross-section along a median sagittal plane of a helmet shell equipped with two attachment devices designed to pass through the shell to form deflector attachment tabs; the figure 8 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a cross-section along a median sagittal plane of the crown fitted with the two mounting tabs and the deflector during installation; the figure 9 schematically illustrates a side view of a cross-section along a median sagittal plane of the skullcap fitted with the two mounting tabs and the deviator attached to the skullcap; the Figure 10 schematically illustrates a magnified view of a detail of the deflector attached to the mounting bracket and the shutter according to the section plane AA shown in the figure 9 and with a view of the airflow entering through the dome, the deflector being in the protective position; the figure 11schematically illustrates a magnified view of a detail of the deflector attached to the mounting bracket and the shutter according to the section plane AA shown in the figure 9 , the diverter being in the closed position; the figure 12 schematically illustrates a view of a deviator defining second through holes and forming a shutter; the figure 13 schematically illustrates a view of a deviator lacking the second through holes and forming a shutter; the figure 14 schematically illustrates a view of a headdress assembly in a skullcap. Description of the implementation methods

[0021] THE figures 1 to 11These represent a protective helmet 1 equipped with a shell 2 and a liner 3. The liner 3 is designed to receive the user's head. The liner 3 allows the user's head to be positioned at a distance from the shell 2. The liner 3 is preferably attached to the shell 2. The liner 3 may be in the form of a set of wire elements, for example, straps, as is well known in the technical field to define an air gap that promotes air circulation. The use of a liner made of wire elements ensures good comfort.

[0022] The shell 2 is made of a material that prevents it from folding back on itself. The shell 2 can preferably be made of plastic material, for example injected polycarbonate or ABS, or expanded polystyrene or polypropylene, or any other plastic material, in particular injected plastic, thermoformed plastic or foam.

[0023] The shell 2 has a top 2a and a base 2b. The shell wall extends from the base 2b to the top 2a along a height direction ZZ which corresponds substantially to the longitudinal direction of the user once the helmet is worn.

[0024] Base 2b can define a support plane that corresponds to the horizontal plane tangent to the lowest point of the shell 2 when the user is wearing the helmet 1. Preferably, the support plane is defined by at least three points of base 2b that are in contact with a plane when the helmet 1 is placed on a support. figure 2 illustrates the AA support plan.

[0025] The cap 2 defines a cap surface that represents the surface of the cap's median plane along the thickness direction. The cap surface is a curved surface that is approximately a hemisphere.

[0026] To facilitate the dissipation of some of the heat emitted by the user's head, the shell 2 has a shell wall that defines several first through-holes 4. These first through-holes 4 are preferably right and left first holes, that is, first holes located on the right and left sides relative to the median sagittal plane of a user wearing the helmet 1. It is also advantageous for the right and left first through-holes to be arranged symmetrically with respect to the median sagittal plane. Frontal and / or occipital first holes may also be used as alternatives or in addition to the right and left first holes.

[0027] As illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 And 4 and to Figures 7 to 10, the first through hole 4 is through along the thickness direction, that is to say along the direction which connects the inner face of the cap 2 and the outer face of the cap 2. The first through holes 4 are also through along a first direction which is parallel to the support plane AA.

[0028] The first four right and left vents are designed to promote airflow inside the helmet between the shell and the user's head, at least in the upper part of the shell. These first four vents can be of any shape. The shape of the first four vents may differ between multiple first four vents.

[0029] The first four through holes are separated from each other by the first five uprights. These first four through holes define a first area. It has been observed that to achieve sufficient airflow for effective heat dissipation, large first four through holes are necessary. These first four through holes have substantial cross-sections without compromising the mechanical performance of the cap 2 in response to impacts.

[0030] To promote the presence of an efficient airflow, the first through holes 4 each have a first area that is as large as possible, for example greater than 1cm², preferably greater than 2cm², more preferably greater than 5cm² and even more preferably greater than 8cm² or 10cm².

[0031] However, the larger the value of the first area, the easier it is for a section of an external element, for example a stem or branch, to penetrate inside the cap 2. In addition, the risk of injury increases with the section of the external element.

[0032] To maintain a significant airflow while reducing the likelihood of the head coming into contact with an external object from outside the shell 2, the helmet 1 is equipped with a deflector 6. The deflector 6 comprises a deflection wall 6' located within the volume delimited by the shell 2 and the volume intended to receive the head, represented by the liner 3. The deflector 6 is positioned opposite the first through holes 4 in the first direction. The deflector 6 is located between the shell 2 and the liner 3, that is, between the shell 2 and the volume representing the user's head.

[0033] Preferably, the deflector 6 is attached to the dome 2. The deflector 6 has a deflection wall 6' that is separate from the dome wall. The deflection wall 6' is rigid or substantially rigid. The deflection wall 6' is, for example, made of plastic, metal, or wood. The deflection wall 6' is not a net attached to the dome 2.

[0034] In one particular embodiment, the deflection wall 6' resists a thrust force of 1 kN towards the headgear 3. This prevents an external object from striking the user's head. Such resistance is not possible with the headgear 3, which must be flexible to provide the expected comfort.

[0035] The deflection wall 6' extends from the area opposite the first through holes 4 towards the summit 2a of the cap 2. The deflection wall 6' terminates with an upper end which represents the end closest to the summit 2a, i.e. opposite a lower end which is closest to the base 2b.

[0036] The deflection wall 6' defines at least one portion with an inclined surface that is generally directed towards the apex 2a of the cap 2. The inclination of the deflection wall 6' allows an external element moving from the outside through one of the first through holes 4 to slide against the deflection wall 6' to be directed towards the apex 2a of the cap 2. More precisely, the deflection wall 6' is inclined towards the space between the apex of the cap 3 and the apex 2a of the cap 2 without passing through the surface delimited by the cap 3.

[0037] The upper end of the deflection wall 6' is positioned between the dome 2 and the headpiece 3 such that any imaginary straight line tangent to the upper end and passing through the first through holes 4 crosses the dome 2 without penetrating the user's head reception area defined by the headpiece 3. An external object can enter the dome through a first through hole 4. The external object comes into contact with the deflection wall 6' and slides along the deflection wall 6' until it exits the deflector 6. The external object is then tangent to the upper end. The alignment between the upper end and the first through holes prevents a straight external object from penetrating the volume intended to receive the user's head.

[0038] The deflection wall 6' will oppose the movement of the external element in the first direction towards the liner 3 to prevent contact with the user's head, and / or the inclination will direct the external element towards the space between the apex of the liner 3 and the apex 2a of the shell 2 without penetrating the liner 3, so that the external element moves into an area where the risk of contact with the head is low or even zero. This avoids the need for a stronger, and therefore bulkier and heavier, deflector 6. The deflection may result in the external element becoming wedged against the first uprights 5, which also reduces the risk of injury. If the external element enters the helmet 1 with a downward trajectory, the deflector 6 moves closer to the shell 2 and forms a blocking element.The deflection wall 6' prevents the external element from penetrating the shell 2 until it reaches the space intended to receive the user's head or press on the liner 3.

[0039] For example, the deflector 6 defines an inclined surface that extends mainly in a direction connecting the apex 2a of the dome 2 and the lower right or left end of the dome 2, depending on whether the deflector 6 is fixed to the right or left side of the dome 2. The angle of inclination of the deflection wall 6' and especially the position of the upper end can be adjusted according to the position of the first through holes 4, the curvature of the dome 2, and the available space between the cover 3 and the dome 2. The same can be said for an installation on the rear or front part of the dome 2.

[0040] The deflector 6 has an inclination close to that of the cap 2 in the area opposite the first ventilation zone, but is different so as not to reduce the volume accessible to the user's head without reducing the capacity to accept an airflow.

[0041] In an observation along a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the support plane AA, the shell wall 2 and the deflector wall 6 are distant and move away from each other when moving along a height direction ZZ perpendicular to the support plane from the support plane AA towards the apex 2a. In other words, the structure bounded on one side by the shell wall 2 and on the other by the deflector wall 6 flares out towards the apex 2a. The deflector wall 6' and the inner shell wall define a conduit opening to facilitate the passage of airflow into the upper part of the helmet 1. The conduit flares out towards the apex 2a to accommodate a significant airflow.

[0042] It is particularly advantageous that the deflector 6 does not define a surface parallel to the shell surface 2 and that the deflector 6 moves away from the shell 2 as one moves away from the support plane AA. The separation distance between the shell 2 and the deflector 6 is observed in cross-sectional planes that are perpendicular to the support plane AA. The separation between the shell 2 and the deflector 6 facilitates the formation of an airflow in the inner apex of the shell 2 by eliminating the formation of an obstruction above the area receiving the user's head. It is also advantageous to create a shoulder to ensure a minimum separation distance between the shell wall that defines the first through holes 4 and the wall of the deflector 6. This minimum space ensures the capture of a minimum airflow for proper ventilation of the helmet 1.

[0043] As illustrated in figures 3 , 4 , 9 And 10 , it is particularly advantageous that the deflector 6 extends opposite the first through turns 4 at least over the entire opposite surface between the first through holes 4 and the space accessible to the head delimited by the cap 3 along the first direction.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the deflector 6 extends below the first through holes 4. More preferably, the deflector 6 is in contact with the cap 2 or is separated from the cap 2 by a distance less than a threshold value, for example less than 6 mm, less than 4 mm, or less than 2 mm, in order to prevent an external element with a diameter greater than the threshold value from passing between the cap 2 and the deflector 6 in the first direction, as illustrated in figures 3 , 9 And 10and which is parallel to the median sagittal plane and represents the vertical direction. Bringing the cap 2 into contact with the deviator 6 improves mechanical performance.

[0045] As an example of an illustrated achievement in figures 1 to 4 , the cap 2 defines a shoulder defining the first through holes 4. The attachment between the deflector 6 and the cap 2 is located on one side of the shoulder while the first through holes 4 are located on the other side of the shoulder.

[0046] To facilitate airflow, it is advantageous for the wall of deflector 6 to be offset from the wall of dome 2 by several millimeters. It is particularly advantageous for deflector 6 not to be in contact with dome 2 and for its wall to extend towards the apex of dome 2, forming an opening that promotes the evacuation of airflow into the apex of dome 2. The air passing through dome 2 comes into contact with deflector 6, which does not define a closed volume. As deflector 6 moves away from dome 2 towards apex 2a, the incoming air can easily move towards apex 2a of dome 2, thus providing an airflow capable of dissipating heat.

[0047] As illustrated in figures 1 to 4To facilitate airflow as close as possible to the top of the user's head, it is advantageous for the deflector 6 to define several second through holes 7 which are arranged opposite the first ventilation zone. The opposite direction is the first direction.

[0048] The second through holes 7 are separated from each other by second uprights 8.

[0049] It is advantageous that the second through holes 7 are opposite the first through holes 4 and more preferably that the second through holes 7 have a cross-section that is smaller than the cross-section of the first through holes 4. A significant amount of air enters through the first through holes 4 and part of this amount of air passes through the second through holes 7, the remainder follows the second uprights 8 towards the summit 2a of the cap 2.

[0050] Since the deflector 6 is located inside the cap 2, it is not designed to withstand the same impacts as the cap 2. It is advantageous to make the deflector 6 as ventilated as possible so as not to excessively restrict the airflow coming from the first through holes 4.

[0051] To promote airflow without compromising protection, it is advantageous for the second through holes 7 to have a dimension smaller than a threshold value. It is also advantageous for one or more second through holes 7 to be directly opposite a first through hole 4, and even more advantageous for each first through hole 4 to be directly opposite several second through holes 7.

[0052] Preferably, when the diverter 6 is provided with second through holes 7, it is advantageous for the diverter 6 to be provided with a rim 6a disposed under the second through holes 7 and extending opposite at least 50% of the overlap area between the first through holes 4 and the second through holes 7 along the height direction ZZ, more preferably over at least 75% of the overlap area, and even more preferably over at least 100% of the overlap area. Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 .

[0053] There figure 12 illustrates one embodiment of a deflector 6 defining second through holes 7 and the figure 13 illustrates an embodiment of a deviator 6 lacking the second through holes 7.

[0054] It is particularly advantageous that the deflector 6 be fixed to the cap 2 and more preferably be fixed to the cap 2 by fixing points located between and / or below the first through holes 4 so as to provide a strong fixing capable of withstanding mechanical stress by an external element without penalizing the airflow.

[0055] In a particular embodiment, the deflector 6 is mounted movable relative to the dome 2 between a protective position and another position. In the protective position, the inclined wall of the deflector 6 is positioned opposite the first through holes 4. In the other position, the inclined wall is not opposite the first through holes 4. The other position can be a position of complete closure of the first through holes 4 in order to prevent the supply of an airflow inside the dome 2, or a position of full access, i.e., a position that allows access to the cover 3 from outside the dome 2 by passing through the first through holes 4 for large elements.

[0056] It is particularly advantageous for the deflector 6 to be mounted to move in translation or rotation relative to the cap 2 in order to define the first position and the other position.

[0057] In the embodiment illustrated in figures 3 , 4 , 7 and 9 The dome 2 defines several rails 9 which extend mainly in a direction connecting the apex 2a of the dome 2 and the lower end of the dome 2. The deflector 6 defines grooves 10 whose shapes are complementary to those of the rails 9. This configuration with grooves 10 and rails 9 makes it possible to reduce or prevent a displacement of the deflector 6 relative to the dome 2 in the direction perpendicular to the direction of extension of the rails 9. When the deflector 6 is designed to be removable from the dome 2, this configuration makes it possible to impose the position of the deflector 6 relative to the dome 2.

[0058] The rails 9 and grooves 10 define a slide between the cap 2 and the deflector 6, allowing the deflector 6 to move translationally relative to the cap 2. More generally, the cap 2 can form one or more grooves 10, and the deflector 6 can form one or more rails 9. Advantageously, the deflector 6 is attached to the cap 2 by several mounting tabs 11, which may be in the form of clips. It is preferable that the clips be removable from the cap 2 and that the mounting tabs 11 cooperate with the deflector 6 to secure the mounting tabs 11 and the deflector 6 to the cap 2.

[0059] It is advantageous that the cap 2 defines a through hole 12 for each fixing tab 11 and that the fixing tab 11 passes through the cap 2 and the deflector 6 to securely attach the deflector 6 to the cap 2. In the absence of a deflector 6, the fixing tab 11 is unable to attach to the cap 2, which prevents the formation of a protruding element inside the cap 2.

[0060] With the exception of the second through hole(s) 7, the deflector 6 does not form a closed volume with the dome 2 so as not to unduly restrict the airflow. It is advantageous for the deflector 6 to define, with the dome 2, an opening extending along the entire length of the first ventilation zone, that is to say, extending along the direction connecting all the first through holes 4 on the same side of the dome 2.

[0061] Preferably, the second through hole 7 has a second area smaller than the first area defined by the first through hole 4 opposite it in the first direction. The deflector 6 defines second uprights 8 whose length is less than the length of the first through hole 4 opposite it in the first direction.

[0062] With the deflector 6 installed at a distance from the first through hole(s), it is possible to install a shutter 13 configured to adjust the effective cross-section of the first through hole(s) 4 by partially or totally blocking the first through hole(s) 4. The operation of the shutter 13 can be independent of the deflector 6 and even independent of the presence or absence of a deflector 6. The shutter 13 can be fixed to the cap 2 and configured to slide relative to the cap 2 to partially or totally block one or more of the first through holes 4, to reduce or increase the effective area allowing airflow. figures 1 and 2 illustrate a shutter 13 in a position that allows maximum airflow. figures 5 and 6 illustrate a shutter 13 in the closed position to block the air intake.

[0063] In the illustrated embodiment, the shutter 13 is fixedly mounted relative to the deflector 6, and the deflector 6 is movable relative to the cap 2. The deflector 6 defines a protective position allowing airflow with the deflector 6 positioned between the first through holes 4 and the cap 3 in the first direction, and a closed position where the shutter 13 closes the first through holes 4. The Figure 10 illustrates the diverter 6 in the protective position and the figure 11 illustrates diverter 6 in the closed position.

[0064] The helmet shell 2 comprises a frontal section located at the front, near the user's forehead, and an occipital section located at the rear. The frontal section is separated from the occipital section by two lateral sections, one on the right and one on the left. The protective helmet 1 is preferably equipped with a headband consisting of a front and a rear portion. The rear portion may be a neck strap. The headband is attached to the helmet shell 2 to form a ring designed to go around the user's head.

[0065] There Figure 10 This illustrates two airflows entering the volume enclosed by the cap 2 through a first hole through 4. Part of the airflow passes through a second hole through 7 to reach the user's head. The other part of the airflow slides along the deflector 6 and heads towards the apex of the cap 2.

[0066] THE figures 3 And4 partly illustrate the adjustment device configured to adjust a circumference of a head circumference with preferably a head circumference adjustment wheel 16a and movable elements 16b which allow the circumference of the head circumference to be defined.

[0067] In the embodiment illustrated in figures 3 And 4 The cap 2 defines cavities 14 receiving clips 15 fixed to the ends of the liner 3. figure 14 illustrates a method of mounting the liner 3 in the cap 2 using the clips 15 and the cavities 14.

Claims

1. Helmet intended for work at height and mountaineering comprising: - a shell (2) having a summit (2a) and a base (2b) equipped with a shell wall delimiting several first through holes (4) separated by first uprights (5) to form a first ventilation zone, the shell (2) extending in a vertical direction (ZZ) between the base (2b) and the summit (2a); - a liner (3) delimiting a space for receiving a user's head; characterized in that the helmet (1) includes a deflector (6) attached to the shell (2) and positioned between the shell (2) and the space intended to receive a user's head delimited by the liner (3) to deflect an object entering through one of the first through holes (4), the deflector (6) being separate from the liner (3); in thatthe diverter (6) has a diverter wall (6') opposite the first ventilation zone along a first direction perpendicular to the height direction (ZZ), the diverter wall (6') extending in the direction of the top (2a) to an upper end; in that the inner wall of the cap (2) and the deflector (6) form a conduit opening towards the apex (2a) of the cap (2) and widening towards the apex (2a) of the cap (2); and in that the upper end is arranged between the cap (3) and the inner wall of the shell (2) so that any imaginary straight line tangent to the upper end and passing through the first through holes (4) passes through the shell (2) without passing through the space intended to receive the user's head delimited by the cap (3), the deflection wall (6') preventing the object from pressing against the cap (3) or from reaching said space.

2. Helmet according to claim 1 in which the deflector (6) delimits several second through holes (7) separated by second uprights (8) to define a second ventilation zone; in which the second through holes (7) have an area less than an area of ​​the first through holes (4) opposite in the first direction.

3. Helmet according to claim 2 in which each first through hole (4) is opposite at least two second through holes (7) along the first direction.

4. Helmet according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the deflector (6) is mounted removable from the shell (2).

5. Helmet according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a shutter (13) mounted movable relative to the first ventilation zone between a closed position where the first through holes (4) are closed by the shutter (13) and an open position where the shutter (13) is not opposite the first through holes (4) in the first direction.

6. Helmet according to claim 5 in which the deflector (6) is mounted movable relative to the shell (2) between a protective position and another position, in which the shutter (13) is mounted fixedly to the deflector (6), in which the protective position is a position where the deflector wall (6') is opposite the first ventilation zone in the first direction and in which the other position corresponds to the closed position of the shutter (13).

7. Method of manufacturing a helmet according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising the following steps: - providing a helmet (1) and a deflector (6), the helmet (1) comprising a shell (2) and a liner (3), the shell (2) having a top (2a) and a base (2b) defining a support plane (AA), the shell (2) being provided with a shell wall delimiting several first through holes (4) separated by first uprights (5) to form a first ventilation zone, the liner (3) delimiting a space intended to receive a user's head; - attaching the deflector (6) to the shell (2), the deflector (6) being disposed between the shell (2) and the liner (3) to deflect an object entering through one of the first through holes (4), the liner (3) being separate from the deflector (6); in which the diverter (6) is opposite the first ventilation zone along a first direction parallel to the support plane (AA);in which, in a cutting plane perpendicular to the support plane (AA) and according to an observation along a height direction (ZZ) perpendicular to the support plane (AA) and going from the support plane (AA) to the apex (2a), the inclined surface of the deflector (6) moves away from the surface of the cap (2) by moving predominantly towards the apex (2a) of the cap (2) and without crossing the space intended to receive the user's head delimited by the cap (3), the deflection wall (6') preventing the object from pressing against the cap (3) or from reaching said space.;

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