Aeronautical conveying and dropping device

Abstract

An aeronautical conveying and dropping device for a missile 2 to be released, comprising at least a frame 6, a hook 10 capable of retaining the missile 2 to be released, a deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 having an axis secured to the frame 6, two axes secured to the hook 10 and a free axis arranged in the frame 6, a first cam 40 mounted so as to rotate about an axis fixed in the frame 6 and having a position for locking the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 by contact with a bearing 29 mounted on the free axis of the deformable parallelogram mechanism, and an unlocking position, and a member 44 for preloading the first cam 40 in the locking position.

Description

Description Title of the invention: Aeronautical conveying and dropping device

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aeronautical conveying and dropping devices, in particular triggers. Triggers are conveying and dropping devices for aircraft that can alternately hold and release a device, also known as a load, on command. The triggers are intended to be mounted on fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft, typically armed aircraft, helicopters, drones, or other flying machines.

[0002] A trigger is typically installed in the lower part of an aircraft, for example under a fuselage or under a wing. The trigger receives a device, which it retains in flight. Upon receiving a separation command, the trigger releases the device, which moves away from the aircraft, generally by gravity.

[0003] US3093031 shows a trigger mechanism with a frame, tandem hooks articulated on axes, fingers, a pivot, an arm, a trigger, and a spring. The deformable parallelogram of Figure 5 includes two axes fixed on the frame, two hooks, and two fingers integral with the hooks, one per hook. The pivot is outside the deformable parallelogram. The arm is not in contact with a bearing of the deformable parallelogram, much less on a free axis of the deformable parallelogram.

[0004] EP144265 describes a device for carrying and releasing loads with triple roller exhaust. A deformable parallelogram is formed by the free axis articulating the connecting rods 26, 27 and 28 while the axis between the connecting rods 28 and 29 is outside the deformable parallelogram. Neither the axis articulating the connecting rods 26, 27 and 28, nor the axis between the connecting rods 28 and 29 carries a bearing. The axis articulating the connecting rods 26, 27 and 28 is not free. The cam 32 is distant from the two aforementioned axes.

[0005] However, known triggers are cumbersome and complex. Safety procedures, training, maintenance time, refueling time, and security all add costs, human error, and risks to the aircraft's mission and, in some cases, to maintenance operators.

[0006] In addition, the operation of known ejectors requires a manual safety procedure using a safety pin, often called a "safety pin" in English, handled by an operator at the end of the runway. The safety pin is removed immediately before takeoff, and replaced upon return from the mission if the aircraft has not been released. The operator is exposed to bad weather and runway risks. The pin can be lost on the runway, endangering other aircraft. Furthermore, forgetting to remove the pin before takeoff compromises the mission. The human factor is crucial. There is a need for on-board safety on the ejectors, independent of the human factor and not endangering other aircraft and the smooth running of missions.

[0007] Improving the accuracy of the devices results in a reduction in their mass. The need has arisen for lightweight triggers for devices weighing less than 120 kg, or even less than or equal to 50 kg.

[0008] The invention improves the situation.

[0009] The invention aims to reduce the mass of the trigger for increased performance.

[0010] The invention proposes an aeronautical conveying and dropping device for a device to be released, comprising at least one frame, a hook capable of retaining the device to be released, a deformable parallelogram mechanism having an axis secured to the frame, two axes secured to the hook and a free axis, arranged in the frame, a first cam mounted for rotation about an axis fixed in the frame and having a locking position of the deformable parallelogram mechanism by contact with a bearing mounted on the free axis of the deformable parallelogram mechanism, and an unlocking position, and a member for prestressing the first cam in the locking position. Thanks to the invention, the trigger has a simple and lightweight structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the device comprises an electric actuator for releasing the machine, for moving the first cam in the unlocking direction, the electric actuator having a rest position and an active position.

[0012] In one embodiment, the device comprises a second cam coupled to the first cam and an electric actuator for releasing the machine, actuating the second cam in the unlocking direction, the electric actuator comprising at least one rotary motor having a rest position and an active position and a connecting rod. Redundancy is ensured. Each motor is sufficient to actuate the second cam.

[0013] In one embodiment, the connecting rod couples two rotary motors, the two rotary motors having a rest position and an active position, the connecting rod pushing the second cam. The mechanism is compact. The motors have a diameter greater than their height.

[0014] In one embodiment, the connecting rod comprises a pin in contact with the second cam, the pin being disposed between the rotary motors. The axes of the motors and the cams are arranged in an isosceles triangle.

[0015] In one embodiment, the rotary motor has an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the first and second cams. The forces are low.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first and second cams are single-piece. The mechanism is compact and lightweight.

[0017] In one embodiment, the device comprises a prestressing member acting on the first and second cams by exerting a force towards the locking position. The locked position is stable.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first cam has an active surface for locking the parallelogram mechanism, said surface being convexly rounded. The locking is stable.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first cam has a concave active surface in contact with the bearing in the unlocked position to provide a stable unlocking position. The mechanism can leave the unlocking position with a selected force.

[0020] In one embodiment, the device comprises a mechanical actuator acting on the hook for adjusting the locked position, the mechanical actuator being pivotally mounted around an axis of the frame and connected to one of said two axes secured to the hook. The preload is adjustable. The generation of torsion is avoided.

[0021] In one embodiment, the mechanical actuator acts directly on the hook, the mechanical actuator comprising a screw engaged in a nut, the nut being pivotally mounted relative to the frame and the screw being pivotally mounted relative to the hook. The preload exerted by the hook on the load is adjustable by means of a torque wrench.

[0022] In one embodiment, the deformable parallelogram mechanism has two axes secured to the frame, one of which is secured to the hook. The device has a reduced mass.

[0023] In one embodiment, the prestressing member comprises a spring connected to a finger secured to the first cam. The spring can be attached to the frame near said axis secured to the frame.

[0024] In one embodiment, the prestressing member comprises a magnet forming part of the rotary motor(s). The device is compact and highly reliable.

[0025] In one embodiment, the device comprises a controlled linear actuator mounted between an arm secured to the first cam and a member secured to the frame. The device is of simple and robust construction.

[0026] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description below, and the appended drawings, in which:

[0027] [Fig.1] schematically illustrates in perspective a device according to one aspect of the invention carrying a load.

[0028] [Fig.2] schematically illustrates in elevation a device according to one aspect of the invention.

[0029] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates in perspective a device according to one aspect of the invention.

[0030] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates in perspective an electrical part of a device according to one aspect of the invention.

[0031] [Fig.5] schematically illustrates in perspective a mechanical device actuator according to one aspect of the invention.

[0032] [Fig.6] schematically illustrates in elevation a device in the open state according to one aspect of the invention.

[0033] [Fig.7] functionally illustrates a device according to one aspect of the invention.

[0034] [Fig.8] schematically illustrates in elevation a device in the closed state according to another aspect of the invention.

[0035] [Fig.9] functionally illustrates a device according to another aspect of the invention.

[0036] [Fig. 10] functionally illustrates a device according to another aspect of the invention.

[0037] The attached drawings may not only serve to complete the invention, but also contribute to its definition, where appropriate.

[0038] The figures represent a trigger 1 according to one aspect of the invention and its kinematics.

[0039] The Applicant realized that the need to attach smaller, and possibly more numerous, charges was not met for aircraft with external payloads. The increased precision of guided charges makes it possible to reduce the quantity of explosive contained. Furthermore, charges without explosives and with decimeter precision have appeared to reduce damage outside the target. Observation pods are becoming increasingly lighter. Finally, the development of drones of all sizes creates a specific need to carry light charges.

[0040] Trigger 1 is intended to be attached to an aircraft, for example an airplane, and to receive a device 2 to be released, also called a load. Trigger 1 receives device 2 during loading (on the ground) and separates from said device 2 during an in-flight drop or an unloading on the ground.

[0041] The device 2 has a retaining projection 20 on one of its walls, in particular a ring. The retaining projection 20 can alternatively have a T shape. The trigger 1 retains the device 2 by engaging with the retaining projection 20 when loading the trigger 1. Upon release, the trigger 1 releases the retaining projection 20 from the device 2. The device 2 moves away from the aircraft by gravity.

[0042] The trigger 1 extends along a longitudinal direction X perpendicular to the release direction Z, from a front end to a rear end.

[0043] In the embodiment described here, the trigger 1 has an elongated shape along the X direction. Here, the trigger 1 is further generally symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the X and Z directions.

[0044] The trigger 1 has two lateral faces 3, 4 opposite each other in a Y direction orthogonal to the XZ plane. In the figures, the Z direction is oriented downwards. Here, the trigger 1 has a generally flat appearance relative to the Y direction.

[0045] The trigger 1 further has a lower face 5, perpendicular to the direction Z. The device 2 received by the trigger 1 is opposite the lower face. The retaining projections 20 are arranged near the ends.

[0046] The trigger 1 comprises a frame 6. The frame 6 comprises two half-shells 7, 8 assembled by screwing. The half-shells 7, 8 form a housing and a support for the mechanism. Each half-shell forms one of the side faces 3, 4, a part of the lower face 5, a part of an upper face, a part of a front face and a part of a rear face. In other words, each half-shell comprises a bottom corresponding to one of the side faces 3, 4 and a rim surrounding the bottom and corresponding to the part of the lower face 5, the part of the upper face, the part of the front face and the part of the rear face. On the upper face, members for attachment to a support (not shown) may be provided, for example hooks or holes in a projection. The front face and the rear face are parallel to a plane YZ. The side face 3 and the side face 4 are parallel to a plane XZ.

[0047] The trigger 1 comprises two legs 9 ensuring contact with the load 2. The legs 9 are arranged at the front and rear of the frame 6. The legs 9 have a concave lower surface to stabilize the load 2 along the Y axis while the trigger exerts a permanent force on the load 2 along the Z axis. Each leg 9 has an upper plate clamped between the half-shells 7, 8 of the frame 9 in the assembled state, see figure 1, by means of bolts shown in figures 2 and 3.

[0048] The trigger mechanism is essentially installed in frame 6. The trigger mechanism is supported by frame 6.

[0049] The trigger 1 comprises a hook 10 for retaining and releasing the device 2. The hook 10 projects from the frame 6 in the release position. The hook 10 may project slightly from the frame 6 in the retaining position. The hook 10 has a general C shape.

[0050] The hook 10 comprises a retaining surface 11 substantially parallel to the X axis in the retaining position and inclined in the release position. The retaining surface 11 is part of a lower leg of the C. The hook 10 comprises a positioning surface 12 substantially parallel to the Y axis or, here, inclined towards the retaining surface 11 in the retaining position and inclined in the release position. The positioning surface 12 is part of a bottom of the C. The retaining surface 11 and the positioning surface 12 here form an angle of approximately 75 to 90°. The hook 10 comprises a pushing surface 13 substantially parallel to the X axis in the retaining position and inclined in the release position. The pushing surface 13 is part of an upper leg of the C. The retaining surface 11 and the pushing surface 13 are parallel and facing each other.

[0051] The pushing surface 13 allows the load 2 to push the hook 10 into the retaining position when the load is docked. The positioning surface 12 allows the load 2 to be properly positioned along the X axis when the load is docked. The retaining surface 11 exerts a permanent holding force on the load 2 along the Z axis, in the retaining position.

[0052] The thrust surface 13 is part of an upper branch of the hook 10. The upper branch has a duckbill shape. The upper branch has an upper surface 14 opposite the thrust surface 13. The upper surface 14 is concave in the vicinity of the free end of the upper branch and convex in the vicinity of a bottom 15 of the hook 10 forming thus an upper bulge 16. The bulge 16 is located in the extension of the bottom.

[0053] The positioning surface 12 is part of the bottom 15 of the hook 10. The bottom 15 is thick to provide high mechanical strength. Thus, the dimension of the bottom 15 along the X axis in the retaining position is greater than its dimension along the Y axis. The dimension of the bottom 15 along the X axis in the retaining position is greater than the dimension along the Z axis of a lower branch of the hook 10. The dimension of the bottom 15 along the X axis in the retaining position is greater than the dimension along the Z axis of the upper branch of the hook 10.

[0054] The retaining surface 11 is part of the lower branch of the hook 10. The lower branch may have a dimension along the Z axis decreasing away from the bottom.

[0055] The hook 10 is provided with a lower bore and an upper bore for articulation. The upper bore is provided in the bulge 16, at least in part. The lower bore is provided in the region common to the lower branch and the base.

[0056] The trigger 1 comprises a deformable parallelogram mechanism 21. The deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 is arranged between the half-shells 7, 8, at least in large part. The deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 may protrude under the lower face 5.

[0057] In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 7, the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 comprises four articulation axes and four arms. One of the arms is formed by the hook 10. The other arms comprise, here, two parallel bars. The first axis 22, the second axis 23 and the third axis 24 are movable relative to the frame 6. The fourth axis 25 is fixed relative to the frame 6. The first and second axes 22, 23 are mounted integral with the hook 10. The first and second axes 22, 23 pass through the lower and upper holes of the hook 10 respectively. The third axis 24 is lower while the fourth axis 25 is upper. The third axis 24 carries a bearing 29. The bearing 29 is, preferably, a rolling bearing. The fourth axis 25 is mounted integrally with the frame 6. The fourth axis 25 can be fixed in the hollows of each half-shell. The fourth axis 25 is fixed.

[0058] One of the arms is upper, while another is lower and another is rear and opposite the hook 10. The upper arm 26 and the lower arm 27 are parallel. The upper and lower arms 26, 27 are oriented along the X axis to within +-5°. The upper arm 26 is articulated at the second and fourth axes. The lower arm 27 is articulated at the first and third axes. The rear arm 28 is articulated at the third and fourth axes.

[0059] During an opening movement of the hook 10, the upper arm 26 is stationary and the lower arm 27 is movable. The movement of the lower arm 27 is initially backward, then increasingly upward. The retaining surface 11 of the hook 10 pivots about the second axis. In other words, the retaining surface 11 moves backward while tilting, thus releasing the load. The closing of the hook 10 is done by reverse movement. In the release position, the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 has a folded shape, the upper arm 26 and the lower arm 27 being close to each other, or even in contact. In the retaining position, the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 has an extended shape close to a rectangle or rectangular. The upper arm 26 and the lower arm 27 are distant from each other.

[0060] The trigger 1 comprises a mechanical actuator 30 acting on the hook 10 for adjusting the locked position in height along the Z axis, see figure 5. The mechanical actuator 30 acts directly on the hook 10. Indeed, different loads likely to be carried may have different geometries, in particular different rings and different bodies. The mechanical actuator 30 is supported by the frame 6. The mechanical actuator 30 is pivotally mounted in the frame 6 around a transverse axis oriented along the Y axis. The mechanical actuator 30 comprises two trunnions 31, each supported by one of the half-shells 7, 8, and a plate 32 substantially in the same plane as the trunnions 31. The plate 32 is, here, in one piece with the trunnions 31.

[0061] The mechanical actuator 30 comprises a ring 33 of adjustable height by movement along the Z axis. The ring 33 is arranged under the plate. The ring 33 is engaged with the second axis of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21. Here, the ring 33 passes between two ears 17 of the hook 10, see figure 3. The ears 17 can be provided in the bulge 16. The upper hole of the hook 10 passes through the ears 17. The ring 33 is in one piece with a rod 34 directed towards the plate 32.

[0062] The mechanical actuator 30 comprises a screw 35 and a cover 36. The screw 35 rests on the plate 32. The screw 35 is free to rotate relative to the plate 32. The screw 35 is threadedly engaged with the rod 34 of the ring 33 forming a nut. The screw 35 and the nut are pivotally mounted relative to the frame 6. The screw 35 pivots relative to the hook 10, thus allowing adjustment in position.

[0063] The screw 35 has a drive recess, here with a 6-sided socket, accessible through a hole in the cover. The cover 36 holds the screw 35 relative to the plate 32. The cover 36 is removably fixed to the plate 32, here by means of screws. Driving the screw 35 in rotation in one direction causes the ring 33 and the plate 32 to move closer together, i.e. a raising of the ring.

[0064] The second axis of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 and the hook 10 move upwards. The height of the hook 10 is adjustable. In general, the height of the hook 10 is adjusted in the holding position with a load attached. In the case of a new type of load, the hook 10 can be adjusted to the low position before the load is installed by rotating the screw 35 in the opposite direction, and then raised by rotating the screw 35 in the first direction. The preload can be adjusted by measuring the torque exerted on the screw 35. A torque wrench can be used.

[0065] The mechanical actuator 30 is pivotally mounted around an axis of the frame 6. The mechanical actuator 30 is connected to one of said two axes secured to the hook 10, here the second axis 23. The second axis 23 provides two pivot connections.

[0066] Alternatively, the mechanical actuator 30 is connected to the first axis 22. Alternatively, the mechanical actuator 30 is connected to another axis parallel to the first axis 22.

[0067] The upper arm bars 26 are mounted on either side of the ears 17 of the hook 10. The lower arm bars 27 are mounted on either side of the hook 10. The rear arm bars are mounted inside the upper arm bars 26 and the lower arm bars 27. The lower arm bars 27 are mounted on either side of the hook 10. rear arms are separated by a bearing 29 on the third axis 24 and by a spacer on the fourth axis 25. The bearing 29 may comprise a rolling bearing, for example made of stainless steel.

[0068] The trigger 1 comprises a first cam 40 mounted for rotation about an axis in the frame 6. The axis of the first cam 40 is parallel to the axes of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21. The axis of the first cam 40 is arranged outside the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21. The axis of the first cam 40 is arranged on the side of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 opposite the hook 10. The first cam 40 is articulated to the frame 6. The first cam 40 has a position for locking the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 by contact with the bearing 29 mounted on the third axis. The first cam 40 has a locking surface 41 arranged in a plane normal to an axis intersecting the third axis and the axis of the cam and perpendicular to the third axis and the axis of the cam.

[0069] The first cam 40 has an unlocking position distant from said bearing 29. In the unlocking position, the first cam 40 projects between the bars of the rear arm 28.

[0070] The first cam 40 has on a lateral edge a rounded concave area 42. The concave area 42 may be in contact with the bearing 29 in the unlocked position to ensure a stable unlocked position. The stable unlocked position is deactivated when a thrust is applied to the hook 10 upwards by a load to be installed. The concave area 42 may have a bottom corresponding to the contact position with the bearing 29 in the unlocked position and a trailing edge having an angle of approximately XX to XX° relative to the axis intersecting the third axis and the axis of the cam and perpendicular to the third axis and the axis of the cam in the unlocked position. The concave area 42 may have a radius of curvature greater than the outer radius of the bearing 29.

[0071] The first cam 40 forms a control of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21.

[0072] The first cam 40 has a drive imprint, here with a 6-sided hollow, accessible through a hole in the cover. The operating key 70 can be inserted. Rotating the first cam 40 clockwise causes unlocking.

[0073] The trigger 1 comprises a second cam 43 coupled to the first cam 40. Here, the second cam 43 is in one piece with the first cam 40. The second cam 43 is directed upwards. The second cam 43 has an active lateral surface. The active surface is unique. The active surface is oriented along a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the first and second cams. The second cam 43 forms an angle of approximately 120° with the first cam 40. The first and second cams 40, 43 form a transmission assembly.

[0074] The trigger 1 comprises an elastic member 44 for prestressing the first cam 40 in the locking position. The elastic member 44 is, here, a helical spring. The trigger 1 advantageously comprises a single spring. The elastic member 44 is, here, in tension. The elastic member 44 is fixed at one end to a pin secured to the frame 6. The elastic member 44 is fixed at another end to a finger 45 secured to the first and second cams 40, 43. The finger 45 may be in one piece with the first and second cams 40, 43. The elastic member 44 exerts a force towards the locking position and tending towards the stability of the unlocking position.

[0075] In another embodiment, the elastic member 44 is attached at one end to the spacer of the fourth axis.

[0076] In another embodiment, the elastic member 44 is attached at another end to the first or second cam.

[0077] The trigger 1 comprises an electric actuator 50 for releasing the machine 2. The electric actuator 50 actuates the second cam 43 in the unlocking direction. The electric actuator 50 exerts a force on the active surface of the second cam 43. The electric actuator 50 can allow or actuate the second cam 43 to return in the unlocking direction.

[0078] The electric actuator 50 comprises two rotary motors 51 and a connecting rod 52 for coupling the two rotary motors 51. The rotary motors 51 are identical. The rotary motors 51 are mounted in the frame 6. The rotary motors 51 are supported by the frame 6. Each rotary motor 51 is provided with a eccentric 53. The connecting rod 52 is articulated on the eccentric of each rotary motor 51. The connecting rod 52 is held on the eccentric 53 by a screw 54. Here, the eccentrics 53 are oriented at the same angle. Each eccentric 53 comprises a disc secured to a motor output shaft and a pin distant from the axis of the rotary motor 51 and receiving the screw 54.

[0079] The connecting rod 52 comprises a protruding pin 55 arranged substantially in the middle of the connecting rod. The pin 55 is located on the side of the connecting rod 52 opposite the rotary motors 51. The pin 55 has a shape adapted to the shape of the active surface of the second cam 43. The pin 55 is in contact with the active surface of the second cam 43.

[0080] The two rotary motors 51 have a rest position and an active position. In the rest position, the eccentrics 53 are arranged between 6 and 9 o'clock in side view, here approximately at 6 o'clock. In the active position, the eccentrics 53 are arranged between 3 and 6 o'clock in side view, here approximately at 5 o'clock. Thus, the connecting rod 52 is moved rearward from the rest position to the active position. The pin 55 of the connecting rod 52 pushes the second cam 43 into rotation in the clockwise direction against the elastic member 44. The locking surface 41 of the first cam 40 slides on the bearing 29 of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 and loses contact with said bearing 29. The first cam 40 is then located between the third and fourth axes. Under the effect of gravity on the load carried by the trigger 1, the hook 10 opens by pivoting counterclockwise around the second axis, the lower arm 27 moves backwards.The charge separates from trigger 1.

[0081] The electric actuator 50 is then deactivated after a few seconds. Under the effect of the elastic member 44, the first and second cams 40, 43 rotate counterclockwise. The concave zone 42 of the first cam 40 comes to bear on the bearing 29 of the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21. Thus the first cam 40 retains the deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 in the unlocked position, see figure 6.

[0082] When a new load is brought into position for placement under the trigger 1, the load ring enters the hook 10 and pushes the pushing surface 13. The hook 10 pivots as it closes. The lower arm moves forward against the retaining force exerted by the concave zone 42 of the first cam 40 on the bearing. The bearing 29 moves away from the first cam 40. The first cam 40 with the second cam 43 pivots counterclockwise under the action of the elastic member 44. The second cam 43 returns the connecting rod 52 to its initial position, see figure 3.

[0083] The rotary motors 51 rest on the frame 6 via a subframe 56, see figure 4. The subframe 56 comprises a folded sheet metal plate with a body 57 along the XZ plane and two legs 58 along the XY plane. One of the legs 58 is arranged at the front of the frame 6 beyond the mechanical actuator 30. The front leg supports control electronics 59 for the rotary motors 51 connected to the rotary motors 51.

[0084] The other tab 58 is arranged at the rear of the frame 6 beyond the cams 40, 43, under one of the rotary motors 51. The rear tab supports a connection plug 60 connected to the control electronics 59. Thus, the electrical part of the trigger 1 is easily removable. A contactor 61 is connected to the control electronics 59. The contactor 61 is mounted adjacent to the connection plug 60. The contactor 61 is configured to be activated by pressing the first cam 40, the second cam 43 or the finger 45. Here, the second cam 43 activates the contactor 61 during unlocking.

[0085] In Figure 4, the electrical wires have been omitted for clarity of drawing.

[0086] In Figure 1, a key 70 is also shown for operating the cams 40, 43. The key 70, when actuated by an operator, moves the first cam 40 from the locking position to the unlocking position and vice versa.

[0087] In other words, hook 10 provides three pivot connections, a retaining contact and a locking engagement contact.

[0088] The trigger 1 is provided with six pivot axes parallel to each other. The six pivot axes form an irregular hexagon. Of the six pivot axes, three are fixed relative to the frame and three are movable relative to the frame. The engagement movement by the machine, the preload adjustment movement and the release movement of the machine are thus ensured by a simple mechanism comprising a reduced number of parts. A part can ensure motion transmission from the actuator, automatic locking, automatic unlocking, manual unlocking, locked position stability and unlocked position stability.

[0089] In other words and as illustrated in Figure 7, the trigger 1 performs 23 functions or connections in 10 parts. The 10 parts include: the four arms of the deformable parallelogram 21 including the arm formed by the hook 10, the mechanical actuator 30, the two cams 40, 41 in one piece, the bearing 29 cooperating with the first cam, the elastic member 44, the connecting rod 52, and at least one electric motor 51. For safety by redundancy, an additional electric motor 51 is provided according to the mode of Figures 1 to 6. The trigger 1 is provided with four pivot connections relative to the frame 6 in addition to the axes of the electric motor(s) 51 and three movable pivot connections. The pivot connections relative to the frame 6 comprise the fourth axis 25, the axis of the first cam 40 and of the second cam 43, the pin secured to the frame 6 and carrying one end of the elastic member 44, and the pins 31 allowing the mechanical actuator 30 to pivot in the direction Y.The movable pivot links include the first axis 22, the second axis 23 and the third axis 24.

[0090] The functions in the mechanical sense of the trigger 1 include the rotation of the cams of the first cam 40 and the second cam 43, the stop of the first cam 40 relative to the bearing 29, the support of the first cam 40 on the bearing 29 in the unlocked position, the support of the connecting rod on the second cam 43, a pivot between the elastic member 44 and the finger 45, the driving of the first cam 40 and the second cam 43 by the driving imprint, the support of the second cam 43 on the contactor 61, the pivoting of the elastic member 44 relative to the pin secured to the frame 6, the rotation of the bearing 29, the rotation of the upper arm 26 around the second axis 23, the rotation of the upper arm 26 around the fourth axis 25, the rotation of the lower arm 27 around the first axis 22, the rotation of the lower arm 27 around the third axis 24, the rotation of the rear arm 28 around the third axis 24, the rotation of the rear arm 28 around the fourth axis 25,the rotation of the hook 10 around the first axis 22, the rotation of the hook 10 around the second axis 23, the holding force exerted on the load by the retaining surface 11 of the hook 10, the locking force exerted by the, load on the thrust surface 13 of the hook 10, the rotation of the mechanical actuator 30 around the second axis 23, the rotation of the mechanical actuator 30 around the trunnions 31, the change in length of the mechanical actuator 30 screw-nut or sliding pivot, and the driving of the mechanical actuator 30 by the driving imprint.

[0091] In addition, one or more anti-rotation vibration brakes may be provided.

[0092] In one embodiment, at least one of the 11 parts is replaced by two parts. Thus, at least one arm of the deformable parallelogram can be made in two articulated portions to add a function or improve a function existing in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 7.

[0093] In one embodiment, the connecting rod 52 is made in two parts articulated together and articulated to the second cam.

[0094] In one embodiment, the two cams 40, 41 are made in two pieces.

[0095] In the embodiment of Figures 8 and 9, the same references designate the same parts. The structure is similar except for the mechanical actuator which is absent. The second axis 23 is integral with the frame. The upper arm 26 can be omitted. In other words, the frame 6 forms the upper side of the deformable parallelogram. The deformable parallelogram mechanism 21 has the second axis 23 integral with the frame 6 and the hook 10 and the fourth axis 25 integral with the frame 6.

[0096] The height of the hook is determined by construction. The height of the hook in the locked position is constant. Such an arrangement is very well suited to light loads, particularly those under 10 kg, for which the retaining projections 20 can easily be sufficiently elastic to accommodate manufacturing tolerances. The trigger has a low mass.

[0097] The trigger 1 performs 19 functions or connections in 9 parts. The 9 parts include: the three arms of the deformable parallelogram 21 including the arm formed by the hook 10, the two cams 40, 41 in one piece, the bearing 29 cooperating with the first cam, the elastic member 44, the connecting rod 52, and at least one electric motor 51. For safety by redundancy, an additional electric motor 51 is provided according to the method of figures 1 to 6. The trigger 1 is provided with four pivot connections relative to the frame 6 in addition to the axes of the electric motor(s) 51 and two movable pivot connections. The pivot connections relative to the frame 6 comprise the second axis 23, the fourth axis 25, the axis of the first cam 40 and of the second cam 43, and the pin secured to the frame 6 and carrying one end of the elastic member 44. The movable pivot connections comprise the first axis 22 and the third axis 24.

[0098] The functions in the mechanical sense of the trigger 1 include the rotation of the cams of the first cam 40 and the second cam 43, the stop of the first cam 40 relative to the bearing 29, the support of the first cam 40 on the bearing 29 in the unlocked position, the support of the connecting rod on the second cam 43, a pivot between the elastic member 44 and the finger 45, the driving of the first cam 40 and the second cam 43 by the driving imprint, the support of the second cam 43 on the contactor 61, the pivoting of the elastic member 44 relative to the pin secured to the frame 6, the rotation of the bearing 29, the rotation of the lower arm 27 around the first axis 22, the rotation of the lower arm 27 around the third axis 24, the rotation of the rear arm 28 around the third axis 24, the rotation of the rear arm 28 around the fourth axis 25, the rotation of the hook 10 around the first axis 22, the rotation of the hook 10 around the second axis 23,the holding force exerted on the load by the retaining surface 11 of the hook 10, and the locking force exerted by the load on the thrust surface 13 of the hook 10.,

[0099] In the embodiment of Figure 10, the same references designate the same parts. The structure is similar to that of Figures 1-7 except with regard to the electric actuator 50. The elastic member is absent. The electric actuator 50 is here linear and provides a prestressing function like the elastic member of the embodiment of Figures 1-7. The second cam is replaced by an arm 63 secured to the first cam 40. Said arm 63 comprises an end connecting to the first cam 40 and an end articulated to the electric actuator 50. Thus, said arm 63 is articulated to the electric actuator 50 and pivots about the axis of the first cam 40. The electric actuator 50, opposite said arm 63, is articulated to a fixed point. The fixed point may be a member secured to the frame. The fixed point may be a finger of the frame. The fixed point, here, is carried by a lateral projection 37 arranged on an edge of the cover 36 of the mechanical actuator 30. The electric actuator 50 is powered by a wire connected to the control electronics 59.

[0100] In other words, the trigger 1 performs 21 functions or connections in 8 parts. The 8 parts include: the arms 26, 27, 28 and the hook 10 forming one arm of the deformable parallelogram 21, the mechanical actuator 30, the cam 40, the bearing 29 cooperating with the first cam, and the electric actuator 50. The trigger 1 is provided with four pivot connections relative to the frame 6 in addition to the axes of the electric motor(s) 51 and four movable pivot connections. The pivot connections relative to the frame 6 comprise the fourth axis 25, the axis of the first cam 40, the articulation secured to the frame 6 and carrying one end of the electric actuator 50, and the trunnions 31 allowing the mechanical actuator 30 to pivot in the direction Y. The movable pivot connections comprise the first axis 22, the second axis 23, the third axis 24 and the arm 63 - electric actuator 50 articulation.

[0101] The functions in the mechanical sense of the trigger 1 include the rotation of the cam 40 and the arm 63, the stop of the cam 40 relative to the bearing 29, the support of the cam 40 on the bearing 29 in the unlocked position, the driving of the cam 40 by the driving imprint, the pivoting of the electric actuator 50 relative to the arm 63, the pivoting of the electric actuator 50 relative to the member secured to the frame 6, the rotation of the bearing 29, the rotation of the upper arm 26 around the second axis 23, the rotation of the upper arm 26 around the fourth axis 25, the rotation of the lower arm 27 around the first axis 22, the rotation of the lower arm 27 around the third axis 24, the rotation of the rear arm 28 around the third axis 24, the rotation of the rear arm 28 around the fourth axis 25, the rotation of the hook 10 around the first axis 22, the rotation of the hook 10 around the second axis 23,the holding force exerted on the load by the retaining surface 11 of the hook 10, the locking force exerted by the load on the thrust surface 13 of the hook 10, the rotation of the mechanical actuator 30 around the second axis 23, the rotation of the mechanical actuator 30 around the trunnions 31, the change in length of the mechanical actuator 30 screw-nut or sliding pivot, and the driving of the mechanical actuator 30 by the driving imprint.,

[0102] The embodiments of figures 8-9 on the one hand and of figure 10 on the other hand can be combined. In this case, the second axis 23 is fixed to the frame 6. The electric actuator 50 is articulated to a pin secured to the frame 6, for example molded, machined or added. The member 44 for preloading the first cam 40 in the locking position is replaced by the electric linear actuator 50. In other words, the preloading in the locking position and the unlocking control are provided by the same member. Said member comprises the electric linear actuator mounted between an arm secured to the first cam 40 and a stationary pivot. The trigger 1 performs 1 function or connection in 6 parts.

Claims

Claims

1. Aeronautical conveying and dropping device for a machine (2) to be released, comprising at least one frame (6), a hook (10) capable of retaining the machine (2) to be released, a deformable parallelogram mechanism (21) having an axis secured to the frame (6), two axes secured to the hook (10) and a free axis, arranged in the frame (6), a first cam (40) mounted for rotation about an axis fixed in the frame (6) and having a locking position of the deformable parallelogram mechanism (21) by contact with a bearing (29) mounted on the free axis of the deformable parallelogram mechanism, and an unlocking position, and a member (44) for prestressing the first cam (40) in the locking position.

2. Device according to claim 1, comprising a second cam (43) coupled to the first cam (40) and an electric actuator (50) for releasing the machine (2), actuating the second cam (43) in the unlocking direction, the electric actuator (50) comprising at least one rotary motor having a rest position and an active position and a connecting rod.

3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the connecting rod couples two rotary motors, the two rotary motors having a rest position and an active position, the connecting rod pushing the second cam (43).

4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, in which the connecting rod (52) comprises a pin in contact with the second cam (43), the pin being arranged between the rotary motors.

5. Device according to one of claims 2, 3 or 4, in which the rotary motor (51) has an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the first and second cams.

6. Device according to one of claims 2 to 5, in which the first and second cams are in one piece.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a prestressing member acting on the first and second cams by exerting a force towards the locking position.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first cam (40) has an active surface for blocking the parallelogram mechanism, said surface being convexly rounded.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first cam (40) has a concave active surface (42) in contact with the bearing (29) in the unlocked position to provide a stable unlocking position.

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a mechanical actuator (30) acting on the hook (10) for adjusting the locked position, the mechanical actuator (30) being pivotally mounted around an axis of the frame (6) and connected to one of said two axes integral with the hook (10).

11. Device according to claim 10, in which the mechanical actuator (30) acts directly on the hook (10), the mechanical actuator (30) comprising a screw engaged in a nut, the nut being pivotally mounted relative to the frame (6) and the screw being pivotally mounted relative to the hook (10).

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the deformable parallelogram mechanism (21) has two axes secured to the frame (6), one of which is secured to the hook (10).

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the prestressing member (44) comprises a spring connected to a finger (45) integral with the first cam.

14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the prestressing member comprises a magnet forming part of the rotary motor(s).

15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a controlled linear actuator (50) mounted between an arm secured to the first cam (40) and a member secured to the frame.

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