Cooling and heating system for a building and associated method of adapting the temperature in a building

Abstract

A cooling and heating system for a building (100) is described, comprising a device (50) for temperature level adjustment, which is configured to transport a heat transfer medium from a first temperature level to a second temperature level in at least one circuit. A piping system (60) includes a supply line arrangement (61) and a return line arrangement (62) in which the heat transfer medium circulates in the at least one circuit between the temperature level adjustment device (50) and a consumption arrangement. The consumption arrangement consists of a plurality of window modules (1; 1-i; 1-j) configured for thermal regulation, including heating or cooling, of the building interior. The plurality of window modules (1; 1-i; 1-j) are arranged in at least two facade surfaces (111, 112) oriented in different directions on one or more levels (101-103) of the building (100).In the piping system (60) one or more switching devices (91-98) which can be controlled by a control unit (25) are arranged, wherein, depending on a first or second switching position, the supply line following the respective switching device (91-98) in the flow direction is supplied by the device (50) for temperature level adjustment with the heat transfer medium of the circuit whose second temperature level is selected / controlled depending on a desired operating mode.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a cooling and heating system for a building and a method for the thermal regulation of a building by means of a cooling and heating system.

[0002] A window module for thermal regulation, which enables the heating or cooling of a building, is known, for example, from EP 3 320 275 B1. The window module described therein comprises an outer glazing and an inner glazing. The outer glazing has a lower heat transfer coefficient than the inner glazing in order to thermally regulate the building interior via the inner glazing. A space sealed against solids, especially dust, is formed between the outer and inner glazing. An air-liquid heat exchanger is arranged in this space. The air-liquid heat exchanger comprises a fluid-flow cooling / heating element with a fluid line in which a heat transfer medium is guided. In the installed state of the window module, the air-liquid heat exchanger is arranged horizontally at the bottom or top of the space, so that air from the space can flow through it.A fan is positioned horizontally at the top or bottom of the window module during installation. This fan can operate in cooling and heating modes. In cooling mode, at least, the fan draws air through the air-liquid heat exchanger to exchange heat between the air and the heat transfer medium and to circulate the air within the cavity. The window module also includes a partition element located within the cavity, running parallel to the outer and inner glazing. This partition divides the cavity into an inner and outer space, creating rising and falling airflows.

[0003] The object of the invention is to provide a cooling and heating system for buildings with a window module of the type mentioned above, which enables efficient thermal regulation of the building in a simple manner.

[0004] Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method which allows improved thermal regulation of a building by means of a cooling and heating system.

[0005] These tasks are solved by a window module according to the features of claim 1 and a method according to the features of claim 20. Advantageous embodiments are found in the dependent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect, a cooling and heating system is proposed as a solution, utilizing window modules based on the design principle of the aforementioned EP 3 320 275 B1. The cooling and heating system comprises a temperature level adjustment device, a piping system, a plurality of window modules, and one or more switchable devices controllable by a control unit.

[0007] The temperature level adjustment device is designed to transport a heat transfer medium from a given first temperature level to a given second temperature level in at least one circuit. Such a device can be, for example, a combined heat and power plant, such as a heat exchanger, a heat pump, a transfer station in a district heating network, or a combustion-based heating system (e.g., pellet boiler, gas boiler, or oil boiler, etc.). The first temperature level can be higher than the second temperature level. The first temperature level can also be lower than the second temperature level.

[0008] The piping system comprises a supply line and a return line in which the heat transfer medium circulates in at least one circuit between the temperature level adjustment device and a consumption device. The supply line and the return line can be configured as a so-called 2-pipe or 4-pipe system. The heat transfer medium is fed from the temperature level adjustment device into the supply line at the second temperature level, flowing towards the consumption device, and is received by the return line at the first temperature level.

[0009] The majority of window modules constitute the building's thermal arrangement, designed for heating or cooling the building's interior. These modules are arranged in at least two facades facing different directions, on one or more levels of the building. In other words, each of the at least two facades comprises multiple window modules arranged horizontally in one plane and / or vertically adjacent across multiple planes. Horizontally adjacent window modules are located on the same level or floor. Vertically stacked window modules are located on different levels or floors. The window modules enable thermal regulation of the building, including heating or cooling.

[0010] Each window module comprises an outer glazing and an inner glazing, the outer glazing having a lower heat transfer coefficient than the inner glazing in order to thermally regulate the building interior via the inner glazing, and wherein a space sealed against solids, in particular dust, is formed between the outer and inner glazing. The window module further comprises an air-liquid heat exchanger, which includes a fluid-flowed cooling / heating element with a fluid line in which a heat transfer medium is guided, wherein the at least one air-liquid heat exchanger is arranged horizontally at the bottom or top of the space when installed in the window module, so that it is permeable to air from the space.The window module further comprises a fan which, when installed, is positioned horizontally at the top or bottom of the cavity and can be operated in cooling and heating modes. At least in cooling mode, the fan draws air through the air-liquid heat exchanger to exchange heat between the air and the heat transfer medium and to circulate the air within the cavity. Finally, the window module includes a partition element located within the cavity, running parallel to the outer and inner glazing, which divides the cavity into an inner and an outer space to create rising and falling airflows within the cavity.The window module further includes a controllably adjustable sun protection device as a sun protection function, which is arranged in the outer gap and, in particular, directly borders the outer glazing, so that when the sun protection function is activated, the outer gap is formed completely or substantially between the sun protection device and the separating element.

[0011] The principle underlying the proposed window module is to exchange heat between the air in the cavity and the heat transfer medium flowing in the air-liquid heat exchanger. Depending on the temperature of the heat transfer medium, the air can then be cooled or heated. The cooled or heated air can then be used to thermally regulate the building interior, hereinafter also referred to as the conditioned usable space, via the inner glazing.

[0012] The exterior glazing is highly insulating, insulating the window module and the building interior from the outside environment. In contrast, the interior glazing is either single glazing or safety glazing, as the controlled temperature within the space of the window module allows for minimal heat loss or absorption. Because the exterior glazing is highly insulating, the window module enables thermal regulation of the building. The difference between the U-value (Ua) of the exterior glazing and Ui of the interior glazing can be at least three times smaller, and often five times smaller, depending on whether the window module is intended for cooling or heating.

[0013] For example, the exterior glazing (e.g., multiple glazing) can have a Ug value of 0.6 W / m²K. The interior glazing typically has a Ug value of approximately 5.8 W / m²K. This results in a factor of 10 by which the heat transfer coefficient Ui of the interior glazing is greater than the heat transfer coefficient Ua of the exterior glazing. It goes without saying that different U-values ​​apply when using other types of glazing.

[0014] The function of the partition is to divide the space into an inner and an outer cavity, thus enabling rising and falling airflow within the cavity. The sun protection function serves to regulate the amount of sunlight entering the building interior by automatically or manually adjusting the degree of coverage with the window light, thereby allowing the daylight intensity in the conditioned living space to be controlled.

[0015] When the window module is exposed to sunlight, the components located in the cavity, such as the frame elements of the window module, are heated by the solar radiation, which transfers heat to the air, particularly in the outer cavity of the window module. The heat input can be regulated by the sun protection function. The heated air in the outer cavity of the window module is circulated within the cavity by a fan, passing through the air-to-liquid heat exchanger. Heat is transferred via the air-to-liquid heat exchanger to the heat transfer medium of the exchanger, allowing cooler air to enter the inner cavity. The heat transfer medium then dissipates the heat generated by solar radiation in the cavity of the window module.If the temperature of the air in the inner cavity is lowered below the temperature of the building interior, the building interior can be cooled. The fan then transports the air back from the inner cavity to the outer cavity.

[0016] If, on the other hand, the aim is to heat the building interior, the air flowing from the outer cavity into the air-liquid heat exchanger is heated by the heat transfer medium, causing warmer air to enter the inner cavity. If the temperature of the air in the inner cavity is raised above the temperature of the building interior, the building interior can be heated.

[0017] The direction in which the air is guided through the space within the circuit remains the same in both cooling and heating modes. This means the fan does not need to change its direction of rotation. Consequently, a technically complex fan is not required, as the air transport always occurs in the same direction, regardless of the operating mode of the window module.

[0018] Because the cavity only needs to be sealed against solids, especially dust, and is otherwise vapor-permeable to the usable space, there is no need to supply dried air to prevent condensation in the cavity of the window module. This simplifies the design of the window module and saves considerable costs for providing dried air at low overpressure.

[0019] Because the adjustable sunshade is positioned directly adjacent to the outer glazing (i.e., without or without a significant gap), so that when the sunshade function is activated, the outer gap is formed entirely or substantially between the sunshade and the partition, the airflow within this gap is less turbulent. This optimized airflow results in reduced vibrations and less mechanical stress on the window module components located within this gap. Furthermore, the window module can operate with greater efficiency and reduced noise. Additionally, the sunshade's proximity to the outer glazing reduces heat gain in the (outer) gap of the window module when activated.

[0020] The one or more switchable devices, controllable by a control unit, are arranged in the piping system. Depending on a first or second switching position, the supply line following the respective switching device in the flow direction is supplied by the temperature level adjustment device with the heat transfer medium of the circuit whose second temperature level is selected or controlled depending on a desired operating mode.

[0021] The operating mode generally includes heating and cooling. More generally, this refers to different supply temperatures for the window modules in the building, building sections, or rooms. For example, rooms facing a south-facing facade could be operated with a lower initial supply temperature, while rooms facing a different facade, such as a north-facing one, could be operated with a higher, secondary supply temperature. This allows for decentralized dew point shifts.

[0022] According to a suitable design of the window module, the space between the outer and inner glazing is larger than 150 mm to allow for a sufficient volume of air to circulate within this space. The distance between the inner and outer glazing is selected based on the type (especially the performance class) of the air-to-liquid heat exchanger and its installation position, and can also be larger or significantly larger than the aforementioned 150 mm.

[0023] According to a further advantageous design of the window module, the airflow exiting the heat exchanger is guided by the separating element into the inner cavity, from where it is returned via the outer cavity. Since the inner glazing has a higher heat transfer coefficient than the outer glazing, a desired degree of heat or cold can be transferred to the usable space due to the controlled temperature in the cavity of the window module.

[0024] According to a further practical embodiment of the window module, the sun protection device is made of a solar radiation-absorbing and reflecting material and is adjustable to control the intensity of daylight in the room. The sun protection device can be designed, for example, as a roller blind, double roller blind, Venetian blind, fabric curtain, or similar.

[0025] The sun protection device can also be integrated into the exterior glazing as switchable glass. For this purpose, electrochromic glass, such as that distributed by SageGlass®, can be used. In this case, it is not necessary to provide an additional, mechanically operated sun protection device (roller blind, Venetian blind, etc.) in the cavity.

[0026] According to another practical design of the window module, the partition element comprises a fixed, transparent partition that extends across the entire width of the window module without any gap. In other words, the partition element is not noticeable to a user, even when looking through the window module. Because the partition element extends across the entire width of the window module, the desired airflow circulation in the space between the modules can occur without a lateral bypass or "short circuit".

[0027] Just as the separating element extends across the entire width of the window module, it is advantageous if the air-liquid heat exchanger of the window module extends across the entire width or almost the entire width, e.g. 90% or 80%, of the window module.

[0028] To facilitate maintenance of the components located in the cavity, as well as cleaning of the exterior glazing on its inner side and the interior glazing towards the cavity, it is advantageous for the interior glazing and the partition element of each window module to be openable, particularly pivotable, towards the building interior. This provides access to the air-to-liquid heat exchanger and / or fan and / or sun protection device for maintenance and / or cleaning purposes. The pivoting of the interior glazing and the partition element can be performed independently of each other, particularly laterally and / or upwards. For example, the interior glazing can be pivoted around a vertically oriented axis while the partition element can be pivoted around a horizontally oriented axis, and vice versa. Pivoting of both elements around parallel axes, e.g., vertically or horizontally, is also possible.

[0029] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the window module, the partition element is arranged in the cavity such that the space formed between the outer glazing and the partition element is larger than the space formed between the inner glazing and the partition element. The ratio between the outer and inner cavities is selected, in particular, depending on the type (especially performance class) of the air-to-liquid heat exchanger and / or its installation position. The ratio can be, for example, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, or 3:1.

[0030] A particularly simple structural design of the window module is achieved by having the separating element rest against a housing wall of the fan and a housing or connecting element of the air-liquid heat exchanger. Alternatively, the separating element can rest against other elements of the window module, such as the frame.

[0031] According to a further embodiment of the window module, at least one light source designed to emit colored light is arranged in the cavity, particularly at or adjacent to the separating element, and / or outside the cavity and adjacent to the inner glazing. The color of the light source can signal the operating mode of the window module (heating, cooling, or neutral) or convey information to the user. The light source can, for example, be a strip-shaped light source comprising a large number of LEDs designed to emit colored light. Such LED strips can be controlled in a compact design to convey user-directed information or indicate the operating mode of the window module by means of a predefined color. This information could, for example, be signals for human-machine interaction.For example, simple things can be projected onto the facade or the ground, such as flags at a sporting event. Alternatively, a fiber optic cable, into whose end(s) light is fed, can also be used as a light source.

[0032] Advantageously, the window module's fan is a speed-controlled cross-flow fan, whereby the air volume circulating in the space, or the airflow velocity, can be adjusted by changing the speed. This, in conjunction with the operation of the air-to-liquid heat exchanger, allows the heat or cold input to the usable space to be regulated. Preferably, the air-to-liquid heat exchanger is a tube heat exchanger, in particular a finned heat exchanger, in which the volume flow of the heat transfer medium is controllably adjustable.

[0033] When the window module is installed in the building, the underside of the fan housing is advantageously positioned above the bottom edge of a concrete ceiling. The top of the air-to-liquid heat exchanger housing is advantageously positioned below the top edge of the floor. This ensures that the technical components of the window module are outside the field of vision of a user inside the building.

[0034] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the window module, a controllable or adjustable valve is arranged on the inlet side of the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger, whereby the volume flow of the heat transfer medium through the air-liquid heat exchanger can be adjusted between 0% and 100% by the position of the valve. This, in conjunction with the fan speed, allows the heat or cold input to the usable space to be regulated.

[0035] Another advantageous embodiment of the window module provides that it comprises a frame with an upper frame element (when installed), a lower frame element, and two lateral frame elements, particularly vertical ones, connecting the upper and lower frame elements. A ventilation duct, thermally insulated from the window module and connectable to a decentralized ventilation unit, particularly a pulse ventilation unit, is formed in or through the lower frame element, connecting the building interior with the building exterior. This eliminates the need for air conditioning systems for air exchange (air hygiene). If several window modules are arranged side by side in a building facade, it is not necessary to equip each window module with a ventilation duct. For example, it is sufficient to...to provide a single window module or every second or nth (n ≥ 2) window module per usable space with a ventilation duct and a ventilation unit.

[0036] It is also advantageous for the lower frame element of the window module to close the gap with a trough-shaped cladding element in order to achieve air deflection in the gap, particularly without turbulence. The term "trough-shaped cladding element" is to be understood as meaning that the lower frame element has a V- or U-shaped cross-section perpendicular to a plane of the outer or inner glazing, with the two free ends of the "V" or "U" abutting each other or the central element of the "U" at an obtuse angle. In addition to its function of air deflection, the trough-shaped cladding element also serves to collect any heat transfer medium that may escape from the air-liquid heat exchanger. The presence of such a "fault" can be detected, for example, by a sensor that is appropriately designed and located within the trough-shaped cladding element.

[0037] It is still advantageous if the ventilation duct of the window module is located below the trough-shaped cladding element or to the side of the trough-shaped cladding element. This means that the ventilation duct is located below the air-liquid heat exchanger or to the side of the air-liquid heat exchanger.

[0038] According to a suitable embodiment of the cooling and heating system, the temperature level adjustment device is configured to provide the heat transfer medium at a first, higher temperature as the second temperature level, particularly for heating, in a supply line of a first pair of pipes. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature level adjustment device can also be configured to provide the heat transfer medium at a second, lower temperature as the second temperature level, particularly for cooling, in a supply line of a second pair of pipes, wherein the second, higher temperature is greater than the first, lower temperature. The temperature level adjustment device can thus be configured either to provide temperatures suitable for heating the building or temperatures suitable for both heating and cooling the building.

[0039] It is particularly advantageous if the temperature level adjustment device is selected from one of the following: an air-to-water heat pump using outside air; a brine-to-water heat pump with ground probes or ground collectors; or a water-to-water heat pump using groundwater or cold district heating. Such heat pumps provide an ideal temperature level for the window modules. District heating networks can also be used as temperature level adjustment devices. These devices are four-pipe systems that supply both heat and cooling, which can be used directly in the cooling and heating system according to the invention. Cold district heating networks represent a special case. Here, a water-to-water heat pump is required on-site to raise the supplied temperature.

[0040] Alternatively, the temperature adjustment device can be selected from one of the following: a district heating or cooling network that provides (only) heat; an energy generator that uses renewable energy, in particular biomass or hydrogen (H₂), as fuel; or an energy carrier that uses fossil fuels, in particular gas or oil. Devices of the aforementioned type are two-pipe systems, which are expediently supplemented by a cooling device, in particular a compression chiller. Compared to the heat pumps mentioned above, the first temperature is higher than necessary for the operation of the cooling and heating system.

[0041] In a further advantageous embodiment, the one or more controllable switching devices comprise a first connection unit, a second connection unit, and a third connection unit. The supply line and one return line of the first wire pair are connected to the first connection unit. The supply line and one return line of the second wire pair are connected to the second connection unit. A supply line and one return line to a number of window modules are connected to the third connection unit. By controlling valves and / or dampers, one of the two incoming temperatures at the second temperature level is selected and fed into the subsequent two-wire system, which is connected to one or more window modules.

[0042] The term "supply line" encompasses both a single line from which branches lead to the respective window modules, and a line system in which lines can be interconnected in any configuration. Similarly, the term "return line" encompasses both a single line from which branches from the respective window modules lead, and a line system in which lines can be interconnected in any configuration.

[0043] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the cooling and heating system includes a controllable switching device, whereby all window modules in the building operate in the same mode. The switching takes place, for example, in a technical room, which is preferably located in close proximity to the temperature level adjustment device. In this variant, the entire building can only heat or cool. Local energy shifting is only possible via the central technical unit or the temperature adjustment device. Due to the low complexity of such an arrangement, it is advantageously suited for use in smaller buildings, particularly those where the facades are similarly oriented. These are especially buildings with only one facade or, for example, several facades oriented at an obtuse angle to each other.

[0044] According to another practical embodiment, the cooling and heating system comprises at least one switching unit per level (i.e., floor), each of which can be individually controlled. According to this embodiment, for example, the number of switching units can be provided in a riser shaft of the building. Switching between heating and cooling is then possible for each group of window modules connected to their respective, different switching units.

[0045] Alternatively or additionally, the cooling and heating system can include at least one switching unit per facade area, each of which can be individually controlled. For example, each window module of a facade area can be assigned to a switching unit. Switching can then be performed for each individual window module using the assigned switching unit, allowing each individual window module to be heated or cooled as desired. This is advantageous, for example, in buildings with a large number of separate rooms, such as one room per window module.

[0046] Generally speaking, the greater the number of switching modules per level and / or per facade area, the more precisely the heating or cooling of the building or parts of the building or usable rooms can be controlled.

[0047] The above-mentioned alternatives can be combined in any way.

[0048] Particularly high energy efficiency of the cooling and heating system can be achieved by incorporating a distribution arrangement designed to transfer energy between two groups of window modules connected to different switching units. This energy transfer allows for the most localized use of energy, as it reduces pipe losses and the power required for pumps, etc.

[0049] Another advantageous embodiment provides that the distributor assembly includes valves and a pump designed to connect, via a first valve, a return line of a first group of window modules to a supply line of a second group of window modules, and a supply line of the first group of window modules to a return line of the second group of window modules via a second valve, thus enabling energy transfer. This allows for efficient, direct energy transfer between window modules or groups of window modules.

[0050] A group of window modules refers to a hydraulic connection between several window modules or groups of window modules.

[0051] Alternatively, an indirect energy transfer can occur between window modules or groups of window modules. This means that there is no hydraulic connection between individual window modules or groups of window modules. Instead, energy is transferred via the return of the heat transfer medium in the technical center. From there, the energy is transferred to another group of window modules. With this option, energy can be used in the technical center, for example, in connected storage tanks. Alternatively or additionally, energy can be fed into a district heating network.

[0052] Another advantageous design provides that the respective fluid lines of the air-liquid heat exchanger of each window module are connected on the inlet side to an adjustable valve, whereby the volume flow of the heat transfer medium through the air-liquid heat exchanger of each window module can be individually adjusted by the position of the valve.

[0053] According to a further embodiment of the window module, it includes a local control unit designed to regulate and / or control at least one actuator of the window module, comprising a valve actuator and / or a fan drive and / or a sunshade drive, such that a received actual room temperature value corresponds to a predetermined target room temperature value. In other words, the local control unit is intended to regulate the fan speed and / or the air-to-liquid heat exchanger flow rate and / or the sunshade drive in such a way that the desired room temperature is achieved.

[0054] In a further embodiment, the window module comprises at least one sensor, including respective temperature sensors for detecting the temperatures of the heat transfer medium at the inlet and / or outlet of the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger and / or the temperatures of the air at the inlet and / or outlet of the air-liquid heat exchanger, wherein the temperature values ​​are provided to at least the local control unit for processing for the regulation and / or control of the at least one actuator.

[0055] Furthermore, the local control unit may include an interface through which it receives at least the current room temperature and the specified target room temperature from a central control unit of the building or a building section. A building section could be, for example, a floor, a building wing / segment, a usable room, or a group of usable rooms. The interface allows the local control unit to also transmit data to the central control unit, such as the aforementioned temperature values. This enables the central control unit, for example, to perform a power calculation to precisely determine the optimal building supply at any given time. Similarly, detailed fault messages can be transmitted from the local control unit to the central control unit. This facilitates rapid troubleshooting in the event of a malfunction.This enables efficient operation of the window module for conditioning the usable space in a short time. The result is savings in maintenance and operating costs.

[0056] As further information, the local control unit can receive a control signal for the drive of the sun protection device from the central control unit at the interface.

[0057] Data exchange between the local control unit and the central control unit can take place, for example, via a data bus, e.g., according to the well-known Modbus protocol.

[0058] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the central control unit is designed to control the switching position of a respective switching device based on the actual room temperature and the predefined target room temperature. Optionally, the central control unit can also be designed to control the switching position of a respective switching device based on at least one further parameter, in particular a season and / or an outside temperature.

[0059] According to a second aspect of the invention, a method for the thermal regulation of a building by means of a cooling and heating system according to one or more embodiments of the invention is proposed. In this method, depending on a first or second switching position, the supply line following the respective switching device in the flow direction is supplied from the temperature level adjustment device with the heat transfer medium of the circuit whose first temperature level is selected or controlled depending on a desired operating mode. This offers the same advantages as those explained above in connection with the window module according to the invention.

[0060] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a multi-story building according to a first embodiment in a side view, wherein exactly one switching device is provided near a device for temperature level adjustment; Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a selected floor of the building. Fig. 1 in a top view showing the piping system for supplying a plurality of window modules according to the invention with a heat transfer medium; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a building according to a second embodiment in a side view, wherein a switching device is provided for each window module; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a selected floor of the building of Fig. 3in a top view showing the piping system for supplying the window modules with the heat transfer medium; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a building according to the invention in a third embodiment in a side view, wherein a switching device is provided for each floor and facade area; Fig. 6 a schematic representation of a selected floor of the building of Fig. 5 in a top view showing the piping system for supplying the window modules with the heat transfer medium; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a building according to the invention in a fourth embodiment in a side view, wherein a different number of switching devices per floor and facade area are provided in a riser shaft; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a selected floor of the building of Fig. 7in a top view showing the piping system for supplying the window modules with the heat transfer medium; Fig. 9 a schematic representation of two groups of window modules on differently oriented facade surfaces, showing a direct energy transfer between the groups of window modules; Fig. 10 a schematic representation of two groups of window modules on differently oriented facade surfaces, showing an indirect energy transfer between the groups of window modules via the temperature level adjustment device; and Fig. 11 a schematic cross-sectional representation of a window module as used in a cooling and heating system according to the invention.

[0061] In all figures, the same reference symbols are used for the same elements. The drawings are purely schematic and serve to illustrate the invention; therefore, the sizes and proportions do not correspond to, nor need to correspond to, reality.

[0062] Before the cooling and heating system according to the invention is described in detail, it will be explained using the following: Fig. 11 a description of the window module used in the cooling and heating system, which enables heating or cooling for thermal regulation of the building interior.

[0063] Thermal regulation of a building refers to the ability to condition a usable space 30 located on the inner side IS of window module 1 by means of heating or cooling. Window module 1 also provides sun protection through adjustable shading and can additionally be designed to allow ventilation of the usable space 30.

[0064] Window module 1 comprises a frame 12, which consists of four frame elements. In the cross-sectional views shown, an upper frame element 120 and a lower frame element 12U are visible. The letters "O" and "U" indicate the "top" or "bottom" position of each frame in its installed state within a building (not shown in detail). The frame elements 120, 12U, and the... Fig. 11The left and right frame elements (not shown) hold an outer glazing 2 and an inner glazing 3 of the window module 1, which is spaced apart from it. A gap 4, sealed against solids, especially dust, is formed between the outer glazing 2 and the inner glazing 3. To prevent condensation, the gap 4 is vapor-permeable to the usable space. The gap 4 is filled with air.

[0065] While the outer glazing 2 is highly insulating, the inner glazing 3 can be single glazing or laminated safety glass. Therefore, the U-value (thermal transmittance) of the outer glazing 2 is lower than the U-value (thermal transmittance) of the inner glazing 3. The factor by which the U-value of the outer glazing 2 is lower than the U-value (thermal transmittance) of the inner glazing 3 depends primarily on the desired thermal regulation of the building. It is advantageous if the U-value of the outer glazing 2 is at least 3 times lower, and preferably 5 times lower, than the U-value (thermal transmittance) of the inner glazing 3. If the window module is designed solely for cooling the building, a factor of 3 is sufficient, i.e., U-i / U-a = 3.If the window module is also to be used for heating the usable space, a factor of 5 or greater is appropriate, i.e., U i / U a > 5.

[0066] The highly insulating outer glazing 2 significantly reduces heat exchange between the exterior surface AS (also referred to as the environment) of the building and the interior of the window module 1, as well as between the usable space 30 on the interior surface IS, i.e., the building interior. Due to the thermal temperature regulation by the window module 1, a less insulating inner glazing 3 is advantageous, since heat is released, or is intended to be released, inwards due to the temperature controlled by the window module 1, or is released, or is intended to be released, from the usable space to the window module.

[0067] Window module 1 comprises an air-liquid heat exchanger 5, which includes a fluid-flowing cooling / heating element with a fluid line carrying a heat transfer medium. Water or a water-glycol mixture, for example, can be used as the heat transfer medium. The air-liquid heat exchanger 5 is, in particular, a tube heat exchanger, specifically a finned heat exchanger. Such tube heat exchangers are well known to those skilled in the art, so a detailed description of the design is omitted here.

[0068] In the Fig. 11 In the illustrated embodiment, the air-liquid heat exchanger is arranged horizontally at the bottom of the window module 1 during installation, so that air from the space can flow through it. As the Fig. 11The air-liquid heat exchanger 5, which can be easily removed, is located adjacent to the inner glazing 3 and adjacent to the lower frame element 12U.

[0069] In an embodiment not shown in the figures, the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 could also be arranged horizontally at the top of the cavity when the window module 1 is installed, allowing air from the cavity to flow through it. In this alternative embodiment, not shown in the figures, the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 would be located against the inner glazing 3 and adjacent to the upper frame element 120.

[0070] Although, according to the basic physical principle, the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 can be arranged both at the bottom and at the top, lying horizontally, in the space 4, from a design point of view it is preferable to arrange the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 at the bottom of the space 4, as shown in Fig. 11 is shown.

[0071] The air-liquid heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the window module 1 such that it is permeable to air from the cavity 4. The air in the cavity 4 transfers heat to the heat transfer medium via the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 or absorbs heat from it, thus cooling or heating the air circulating in the cavity 4. The heat transfer medium in the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 is cooled or heated in a device 48, which is designed to transport the heat transfer medium in at least one cycle from a first temperature level to a second temperature level.

[0072] The device mentioned, which is not described in further detail, can be a combined heat and power plant, e.g., a heat exchanger, a heat pump, a transfer station of a district heating network, or a combustion-based heating system. The first temperature level can be higher than the second temperature level. In this case, the usable space 30 is heated. If the first temperature level is lower than the second temperature level, the usable space 30 can be cooled.

[0073] To ensure the forced flow of air in the space 4, a fan 10 is arranged in the space 4. The fan 10 directs air through the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 in the direction of arrow H (air flow direction during heating operation) and K (air flow direction during cooling operation) to exchange heat between the air and the heat transfer medium in the air-liquid heat exchanger 5. Furthermore, the fan 10 serves to circulate the air in the space 4 in a cycle, the direction of which is indicated by arrows H and K.

[0074] The fan 10 is located in the space 4, either at the top or bottom of the window module, lying horizontally. The fan 10 is located at the top of the space 4, lying horizontally, when the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 is located at the bottom of the space 4, lying horizontally, as shown in Fig. 11The fan 10 is arranged horizontally at the bottom of the space 4 if the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 is arranged horizontally at the top of the space 4. This configuration variant is not shown in the figures, as described above.

[0075] The fan 10 operates in both cooling and heating modes, which are operating modes of the window module 1. A cross-flow fan is preferably used as the fan 10. This type of fan offers high efficiency because the direction of rotation of the fan 10 does not need to be changed, regardless of the operating mode of the window module 1.

[0076] To circulate the air in the cavity 4, the cavity 4 is divided into an inner cavity 4I and an outer cavity 4A. This is achieved—through forced airflow by the operation of the fan 10—by creating an upward airflow in the inner cavity 4I and a downward airflow in the outer cavity 4A. The division of the cavity 4 into the outer cavity 4A and the inner cavity 4I is ensured by a partition 19 located within the cavity 4.

[0077] The partition element 19, e.g., a fixed transparent partition 15, runs essentially parallel to the outer glazing 2 and the inner glazing 3. The partition element 19 extends without gaps across the entire width of the window module. This prevents a "short circuit" or "bypass" between the outer space 4A and the inner space 4I to the side of the partition element 19.

[0078] The separating element 19 is preferably arranged in the space 4 such that the space 4A formed between the outer glazing 2 and the separating element 19 is larger than the space 4I formed between the inner glazing 3 and the separating element 19. The ratio between the outer space 4A and the inner space 4I is selected, in particular, depending on the type of air-liquid heat exchanger (especially its performance data) and its installation position. The ratio can, for example, be 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, or 3:1.

[0079] The total length of the gap 4 formed between the outer glazing 2 and the inner glazing 3 is preferably greater than 150 mm. The distance formed between the inner glazing 3 and the outer glazing 2 is also selected depending on the type and performance class of the air-liquid heat exchanger and its installation position. The distance can also be chosen differently and, in particular, can be significantly greater than 150 mm.

[0080] Are the fan 10 arranged in the space 4 at the top and the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 arranged at the bottom of the space 4, as shown in Fig. 11As shown, due to the direction of rotation of the fan 10, the air in the cavity 4I is transported from bottom to top, i.e., from the air-to-water heat exchanger 5 towards the fan 10, while the air in the outer cavity 4A is transported from top to bottom, i.e., from the fan 10 towards the air-to-liquid heat exchanger 5. If the fan 10 and the air-to-liquid heat exchanger 5 are arranged in the aforementioned alternative configuration in cavity 4, the airflow is reversed. In any case, the window module operates in such a way that, regardless of the operating mode (heating or cooling), the air in the cavity is circulated in the same direction.

[0081] As can be seen from the cross-sectional view of the Fig. 11As can be seen, the window module 1 has a particularly simple structural design if the separating element 19 is supported on a housing wall 10G of the fan 10 and a housing or connecting element of the air-liquid heat exchanger 5.

[0082] To facilitate maintenance of the components contained in the cavity 4 (fan 10 and / or air heat exchanger 5) and cleaning of the outer glazing 2 on its side facing the interior 4, as well as cleaning of the inner glazing 3 towards the cavity 4 and the partition 19, it is advantageous if the inner glazing 3 and the partition 19 can be opened towards the interior IS of the building or usable space 30. For this purpose, the inner glazing 3 and the partition 19 can, for example, be attached to hinges (not shown) located, for instance, on a side frame element of the frame 12, to allow pivoting like a conventional window sash. The pivoting of the inner glazing 3 and the partition 19 can, for example, be to the side or, alternatively, upwards. The direction of pivoting of the inner glazing 3 and the partition 19 can also be independent of each other.

[0083] The window module 1 also includes a controllably adjustable sunshade device 11 as a sun protection function. The sunshade device 11 is arranged in the outer cavity 4A. In particular, it borders directly on the outer glazing 2, so that when the sun protection function is activated (i.e., partial or complete covering of the outer glazing and resulting shading of the usable space 30), the outer cavity 4A is formed completely or substantially between the sunshade device 11 and the partition element 19.

[0084] The sun protection device 11 can, for example, be used as shown in Fig. 1 indicated, formed by a blind attached to the upper frame element 120. In Fig. 11The blind is shown in its open position, with the individual slats touching. If the distance between the adjacent slats is increased, the blind can be moved from the top towards the lower frame element 12U. Furthermore, the angle of the slats determines how much light is transmitted towards the interior IS. Similarly, the degree of overlap between the sunshade 11 and the outer glazing 2 or the inner glazing 3 determines how much radiation is absorbed and reflected by the sunshade 11.

[0085] The sun protection device 11 is preferably made of a solar radiation-absorbing and reflecting material and is adjustable such that the daylight intensity in the usable space 30 can be adjusted. As an alternative to the illustrated blind, the sun protection device 11 can be designed as a roller blind, double roller blind, textile curtain, or the like. The mechanical components are preferably as shown in Fig. 11 shown, attached to the upper frame element 120 in such a way that, when deactivated, they can be completely received in a space formed between the housing 10G of the fan and the outer glazing 2, whereby the sun protection device 11 is outside the field of vision of a user when deactivated.

[0086] The sun protection device 11 can also be integrated into the outer glazing as switchable glass. For this purpose, electrochromic glass, such as that distributed by SageGlass® (https: / / www.sageglass.com / de / intelligentes-glas / funktionsprinzip-elektrochromem-glas), can be used. In this case, the Fig. 11 The mechanical sun protection element shown (blind, roller blind, etc.) may be provided as an option.

[0087] Because the sun protection device 11 is adjacent to the outer glazing 2, similar airflow conditions result in the air circulation in the cavity, regardless of whether the sun protection device 11 is activated or not. In particular, this results in a less turbulent airflow compared to a different arrangement of the sun protection function in the cavity, allowing the window module 1 to operate with higher efficiency and lower noise levels. Furthermore, the proximity of the sun protection device 11 to the outer glazing 2 reduces heat gain in the cavity 4 of the window module. This also results in lower vibrations and reduced mechanical stress on the components located in the cavity.

[0088] Again Fig. 11The removable space 4 contains two (optional) light sources 6 and 7, designed to emit colored light. These light sources 6 and 7 are, for example, light guides or light strips, each comprising a multitude of LEDs, particularly individually controllable LEDs, such as RGB LEDs. Light source 6 is a lower light source located in the outer space 4A adjacent to the air-liquid heat exchanger 5. Light source 7 is an upper light source located in the outer space 4A adjacent to the fan 10.

[0089] The light sources 6, 7 serve primarily to signal the operating mode of the window module through their color. Alternatively or additionally, with a suitable design of the light source 6, 7, information directed at the user can also be signaled. Such information can be signals in the sense of human-machine interaction. For example, simple objects can be placed on a floor 32 or a ceiling 31 ( Fig. 2 ) of the usable space 30, such as flags of a sporting event (football World Cup or European Championship).

[0090] Contrary to the drawing, only one of the two light sources 6, 7 can be provided in the window module. Alternatively, the light source(s) 6, 7 can also be arranged in the inner space 4I. Alternatively or additionally, the light source(s) can also be arranged outside the space 4, in particular adjacent to the inner glazing 3, e.g. on or in the lower or upper frame element 12U, 120.

[0091] As described above, the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 comprises a fluid-flow cooling / heating element with a fluid line in which the heat transfer medium is guided. A controllable valve 42 is arranged on the inlet side of the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger 5, wherein the volume flow of the heat transfer medium through the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 can be adjusted between 0% and 100% by means of a valve actuator 43 by adjusting the position of the valve 42. Fig. 11The valve is shown schematically and for simplicity outside the frame 12 of the window module. In practice, the valve 42 and its valve actuator 43 can, for example, be located in the lower frame element 12U.

[0092] The valve actuator 43, for example, is a servo motor that is supplied with electrical energy. For this purpose, a power supply line 44 is schematically indicated, which is also assigned to or leads into the lower frame element 12U.

[0093] As schematically in Fig. 11 As shown, the valve 42 is arranged in a supply line 40 to the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger 5. A return line of the window module 1, which is coupled to the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 on the outlet side, is schematically marked with the reference numeral 41.

[0094] The lower frame element 12U has a trough-shaped lining element 13 on its wall side facing the space 4. This achieves, on the one hand, air deflection with low turbulence in the space 4. On the other hand, should the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 leak fluid due to a technical defect, the heat transfer medium escaping from the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 can collect in the trough-shaped lining element 13. To detect such a leak in the air-liquid heat exchanger 5, it is advantageous to arrange a suitable leakage sensor on the bottom of the trough-shaped lining element 13 of the lower frame element 12U.

[0095] In the space formed between the base of the trough-shaped cladding element 13 and the lower wall surface of the lower frame element 12U, an optional ventilation duct 9 is preferably formed, connecting the exterior AS of the building with the interior IS of the building or usable space 30. In particular, the ventilation duct 9 is connected to a pulse ventilation unit (not shown in detail in the figures) to enable air exchange without the need for a separate ventilation system in the building.

[0096] If several window modules are arranged side by side in a building facade and are assigned to the same usable space 30, it is not necessary for each window module 1 to be equipped with such a ventilation duct 9. For example, it is sufficient to equip one window module per usable space 30 or every nth window module per usable space 30 with a ventilation duct 9 and an associated (pulsed) ventilation unit.

[0097] While in the graphic representation of the Fig. 11 Since the ventilation duct 9 is located below the trough-shaped cladding element 9, it could also be located laterally next to the trough-shaped cladding element 13, provided that the trough-shaped cross-section does not extend over the entire width of the lower frame element 12U. In other words, this means that the ventilation duct 9 can be located below the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 or laterally next to it.

[0098] As became clear from the preceding description, the window module 1 comprises a number of actuators (valve drive 43, speed-controlled fan 10, drive for the sunshade device 11, light sources 6, 7) and sensors (leakage sensor 8, various temperature sensors, etc.), for the control of which a local control unit 20 is provided. The term "control unit" refers to a control and regulation unit, i.e., a computing unit designed to control or regulate a specific technical component depending on its application.

[0099] The actuators 6, 7, 10, 11, and 43 are individually controlled based on a received actual room temperature value Tis, so that it corresponds to a predefined target room temperature value Tset. The local control unit 20 is shown in the upper frame element 120 for illustrative purposes only. It is understood that this unit is connected to the power supply line 44 or to a separate power supply line routed into the upper frame element 120.

[0100] Besides the one in Fig. 11The window module 1, which explicitly depicts a leakage sensor 8, includes the sensors already mentioned above, the measured values ​​of which are provided to at least the local control unit 20 of the window module 1 for processing for the regulation and / or control of one or more actuators 6, 7, 10, 11, 43. In particular, the sensors provided are temperature sensors (not explicitly shown in the figures) for detecting the temperatures of the heat transfer medium at the inlet and / or outlet of the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger 5 and / or the temperatures of the air at the inlet and / or outlet of the air-liquid heat exchanger 5.

[0101] The local control unit 20 is configured to exchange data with a central control unit 25, i.e., to receive data from the central control unit 25 and / or to transmit data to the central control unit 25. The central control unit 25 is, in particular, a central control unit for the entire building or a part of the building, e.g., a floor, wing, segment, room, or group of rooms. The central control unit 25 can be the control unit of a building management system or part of a control system within a building management system.

[0102] For data communication, the local control unit 20 includes an interface (not explicitly shown) at which it receives at least the previously mentioned current room temperature value Ti and the specified target room temperature value Ttarget from the central control unit 25. The local control unit 20 can also receive a control signal (up, down) from the central control unit 25 at this interface for the operation of the sun protection device 11. Such a control signal can be generated automatically, for example, when the window module 1 is exposed to strong sunlight in a building facade, such as one facing south. The control signal can also be generated manually at a user-operated control unit (not shown) in the user room.

[0103] The central control unit 25 can be connected to additional sensors, e.g., a room sensor 33, to generate the control signals (Tactual, Ttarget, Up, Down). The sensor 33 can comprise one or more identical or different sensors designed to measure and transmit various sensor values ​​to the central control unit 25. Such a sensor is also referred to as a multi-sensor. For example, the sensor 33, which is located, e.g., on the ceiling 31 of the usable space 30, can detect the current room temperature (actual room temperature value Tactual), the current humidity (rHactual), the current illuminance (lux), the current carbon dioxide level (CO2), the current sound level (dBA), the presence of one or more people in the usable space 30, and other values. From this information, the central control unit 25 then generates the corresponding control information and transmits it to the local control unit 20.

[0104] The central control unit 25 can, for example, be coupled with several (multi-)sensors from a plurality of usable spaces in order to receive respective data from them for processing.

[0105] In the Figures 1 to 8 Four different embodiments of the invention are described below using a multi-story building 100 according to the invention as an example, wherein the Figure 1 , 3 , 5 and 7 show building 100 in a side view, and the Figures 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 Show a selected floor of the described design variant in a top view.

[0106] The configuration of the building 100 according to the invention, which is the same for all four embodiments, is illustrated by way of example by means of the Figures 1 and 2 described, which show the first design variant.

[0107] As seen from the side view of the Figure 1 As can be seen, building 100 comprises, by way of example, three levels 101, 102, and 103. Levels 101, 102, and 103 are hereinafter also referred to as floors. Level 101, for example, represents a ground floor. Levels 102 and 103 represent a first floor and a second floor, respectively. The number of levels or floors 101 to 103 can, in principle, be chosen arbitrarily; that is, the cooling and heating system according to the invention could also be used in buildings that have only one level or more than one level.

[0108] The in Figure 1The depicted building 100 has two facade surfaces 111 and 112 oriented in opposite directions. For example, facade surface 111 faces north and facade surface 112 faces south. The building sides connecting facade surfaces 111 and 112 are not shown in the illustration. These sides could be oriented west and east in a building with a rectangular footprint. However, the base of the building can be of any shape, so the facade surfaces can be oriented in any direction.

[0109] Reference numbers 105, 107, and 109 designate the respective floor slabs of levels 101 to 103. Similarly, reference numbers 106, 108, and 110 designate the respective floor ceilings of levels 101 to 103. For example, floor 105 of the lowest level 101 is approximately at the same level as a floor surface 104 of building 100. A technical services room 114 is located below building 100, for example, in a basement (not explicitly shown).

[0110] In the technical center 114, a device 50 for temperature level adjustment is arranged. The device 50 for temperature level adjustment is designed to transport the heat transfer medium in at least one circuit from a respective first temperature level (inlet temperature level) to a respective second temperature level (outlet temperature level). The first temperature level can be higher than the second temperature level, or vice versa. The second temperature level represents a supply temperature for the window modules 1 as a consumption arrangement.

[0111] As best seen from above according to Figure 2As can be seen from the figure, which shows a view of the first level 101, a number n window modules 1-1,..., 1-n (generally: 1-i, where i = 1...n with n > 1) are arranged in the facade surface 111. Similarly, a number m window modules 1-1,..., 1-m (generally: 1-j, where j = 1...m with m > 1) are arranged in the facade surface 112. The number n can correspond to the number m (n = m) or be different (n ≠ m).

[0112] Window modules 1-i and 1-j in facade surfaces 111 and 112 are identical in construction, as described above, and each extends between the floor and ceiling of the respective level or story. Window modules 1-i and 1-j represent the consumption arrangement for the cooling and heating system of building 100.

[0113] The technical control center 114 is, as can be seen more clearly from the top view according to Figure 2The heat transfer medium circulates in at least one circuit between the device 50 for temperature level adjustment and the plurality of window modules 1-i and 1-j. It is clear to those skilled in the art that the building 100 may also have more than one heat transfer shaft extending over all or part of the levels.

[0114] The piping system 60 comprises a supply line arrangement 61 and a return line arrangement 62. The piping system 60 and its supply line arrangement 61, as well as return line arrangement 62, are configured sectionally as a 2-wire system and / or a 4-wire system. The precise configuration depends, firstly, on the type of device 50 used for temperature level adjustment in the building 100. Secondly, it depends on the number and arrangement of controllable switching devices 91 to 98 in the piping system 60. Details are described in more detail later in conjunction with the description of the four different configuration variants.

[0115] The device 50 for temperature level adjustment is configured to supply the heat transfer medium at a first, higher temperature, as the second temperature level, in a supply line of a first pair of lines 71 extending from the device 50. This enables, in particular, the heating operation of the building 100. Furthermore, the device 50 for temperature level adjustment is or can be configured to supply the heat transfer medium at a second, lower temperature, which is lower than the second temperature level, in a supply line of a second pair of lines 72, which also extends from the device 50 for temperature level adjustment. The second, higher temperature is higher than the first, lower temperature. This enables, in particular, the cooling of the building 100.

[0116] The first, low temperature and the second, high temperature are specifically to be understood as different supply temperatures for the window modules 1-i and 1-j in building 100. Thus, the first, high temperature, as well as the second, low temperature, can also be used for cooling, although the cooling capacities differ.

[0117] When the present description refers to "the building," this includes not only building 100 as a whole, but also individual building sections or individual or multiple rooms. Using the supply temperatures, different rooms can be conditioned, for example, those located on the north-facing facade 111, with the first, higher temperature, while rooms located on the south-facing facade 112 are conditioned with the second, lower temperature. This approach allows for decentralized dew point shifts.

[0118] The device 50 for temperature level adjustment can, for example, be an air-to-water heat pump operated with outside air. Alternatively, a brine-to-water heat pump with ground probes or ground collectors can be used as the device 50 for temperature level adjustment. A water-to-water heat pump operated with groundwater or cold district heating is also conceivable. Such heat pumps provide a temperature level at which the cooling and heating system can be operated particularly efficiently. Alternatively, the device 50 for temperature level adjustment can also be a connection node of a district heating or cooling network that provides heat and / or cooling. Devices of the aforementioned type represent so-called 4-pipe systems.

[0119] These are connected directly to one or more of the switching devices 91 to 98.

[0120] The switching devices 91 to 98 are responsible for selecting one of the two temperatures arriving at the respective second temperature level (in the 4-pipe system) and feeding it into the subsequent 2-pipe system to which the window modules 1-i and 1-j are connected. The switching devices 91 to 98 can, for example, be designed as a 6-way switching valve. Valves known from Danfoss®, available at [website address], can be used for this purpose. https: / / www.danfoss.com / de-de / products / dhs / 3 -differential-pressure-and - fl ow-controllers / hydronic-balancing-and-control / novocon-and-changeover6 / changeover6 , can be used. Alternatively, the respective switching devices 91 to 98 can include shut-off valves to shut off the supply line that is not to be used. Since these do not react dynamically to pressure changes, a static presetting is required, as described, for example, under https: / / www.imi-hydronic.com / de-de / product / eclipse described.

[0121] Each of the switching devices 91 to 98 thus comprises a first connection unit, a second connection unit, and a third connection unit (these are not explicitly shown in the figures). The supply line and a return line of the first pair of conductors 71 are connected to the first connection unit (see, for example, Figure 1). The supply line and a return line of the second pair of conductors 72 are connected to the second connection unit. A supply line and a return line to the window modules or a specific subset of window modules 1-i and 1-j are connected to the third connection unit.

[0122] The term "supply line" encompasses both a single line from which branches lead to the respective window modules, and a line system in which lines can be connected in any configuration. Similarly, the term "return line" encompasses both a single line from which branches from the respective window modules lead, and a line system in which lines can be connected in any configuration.

[0123] A connection node of a district heating or cooling network that only supplies heat can also be used as a device 50 for temperature level adjustment. Energy generators that consume renewable energies, particularly biomass or hydrogen, as fuel are also conceivable. Alternatively, energy generators that consume fossil fuels such as gas or oil can also be used as a device 50 for temperature level adjustment. Devices of this type are based on so-called two-pipe systems, which must be supplemented by a cooling system. Compared to heat pumps, the initial temperature is also higher than necessary for the operation of the cooling and heating system. The cooling system for the device 50 for temperature level adjustment can, in particular, include a compression chiller or be provided alongside the device 50 for temperature level adjustment.

[0124] The first, in the Figures 1 and 2 The illustrated embodiment comprises a (exactly one) controllable switching device 91, with which all window modules 1-i and 1-j in building 100 are operated in the same operating mode. The switching device 91 is preferably located in the technical room. In this embodiment, the entire building can only heat or cool. Energy transfer is only possible via the device 50 for temperature level adjustment. This embodiment has a low complexity in the piping system and is therefore preferably used in smaller buildings. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous for buildings where the facades are essentially similarly oriented.

[0125] The conduit system 60 in the first configuration variant comprises a riser pair 63, which is part of the supply conduit arrangement 61 and the return conduit arrangement 62. On each level 101 to 103, respective branch conduit pairs 64 and 65 (level 101), 66 and 67 (level 102), and 68 and 69 (level 103) extend horizontally from the riser pair 63. Branch conduit pairs 64, 66, and 68 connect the window modules of the first facade surface 111, and branch conduit pairs 65, 67, and 69 connect the window modules of the second facade surface 112 on the respective levels 101, 102, and 103 to the riser pair 63.

[0126] The cooling and heating system according to the first design variant is relatively static and offers limited control and regulation options. Therefore, it is primarily suitable for use in small buildings. For example, individual rooms can be conditioned. If a room becomes too warm, the heating in that room can be switched off. However, the room cannot be cooled while the entire building is operating in heating mode.

[0127] The second, in the Figures 3 and 4The depicted configuration includes switching devices 92 to 95, each assigned to a specific window module 1-i and 1-j on facade surfaces 111 and 112. In principle, each window module 1-i and 1-j can be assigned exactly one switching device. In an alternative configuration, a group, i.e., a subset, of window modules on a given level 101 and facade surface 111 or 112 could share a common switching device. This alternative is not explicitly shown in the drawings. The second configuration allows for switching at each individual window module or group of window modules. This means that each individual window module or group of window modules can be heated or cooled separately, enabling energy transfer between the window modules or groups of window modules.

[0128] The switching devices are, as is particularly evident from the Figure 4 Removable, the switching devices are therefore provided in the respective levels 101 to 103 and the associated facade surfaces 111, 112. In this embodiment, the switching devices are preferably arranged in close proximity to the respective window modules 1-i and 1-j. They can also be arranged in the riser shaft 113.

[0129] In this configuration, the piping system 60 comprises a pair of risers 73 extending vertically through the riser shaft 113 across the respective levels 101 to 103. Depending on the temperature level adjustment device 50, the pair of risers 73 is preferably configured as a 4-pipe system. On the respective levels or floors 101 to 103, pairs of branch lines 74 to 79 extend from the pair of risers 73 towards the associated facade surfaces 111 and 112, or window modules or groups of window modules.

[0130] Due to the large number of switching devices required, the second design option is complex and expensive. Its advantage lies in the ability to achieve very fine-grained thermal control of the building or individual rooms.

[0131] The third, in the Figures 5 and 6 The illustrated embodiment comprises switching devices 92, 94 on each level 101 to 103, wherein in the present embodiment, one switching device 92 is assigned to the window modules 1-i of the facade surface 111 and one switching device 94 is assigned to the window modules 1-j of the facade surface 112. Instead of providing only one switching device per floor and all window modules of the floor of a facade surface, several switching devices could also be provided per facade surface and floor in order to assign groups of window modules to a respective switching device.

[0132] In this so-called "horizontal modular group construction", the switching devices 92 and 94 can be arranged in the riser shaft 113. With appropriate control, the switching devices 92 and 94 can be used for selective heating or cooling of each group. In particular, the third configuration variant allows for energy transfer between the window modules on the same level or floor.

[0133] In its third configuration variant, the conduit system 60 comprises the riser pair 73, which extends vertically through the riser shaft 113 across the respective levels 101 to 103. The riser pair 73 is designed as a 4-conductor system. On each level or floor 101 to 103, riser pairs 74 to 79 branch off from the riser pair 73 towards the associated facade surfaces 111 and 112, or window modules or groups of window modules.

[0134] Since the number of required switching devices is relatively small in the third design variant, while at the same time an energy shift, in particular between groups of window modules on different facade surfaces, is possible, the cooling and heating system can be implemented in this design in a technically simple and cost-effective manner.

[0135] The fourth, in the Figures 7 and 8The illustrated configuration includes switching devices 96 to 98 on two different levels, for example, to supply the three levels of building 100. Switching devices 96 and 97 are assigned to level 101 in facade area 111 and levels 101 to 103 of facade area 112 for operation with a first supply temperature. Switching device 98 supplies the window modules of levels 102 and 103 of facade area 111 with a second supply temperature. Switching devices 96 to 98 can, for example, be located centrally in building 100 in the riser shaft 113.

[0136] According to this fourth design variant, the switching devices for each group of window modules are controlled for heating or cooling, allowing for energy transfer between the groups of window modules. This design variant makes it possible to heat one facade side, e.g., 112, and simultaneously cool the other facade side, 111.

[0137] The implementations shown according to the first to fourth design variants can also be combined in any way. The more window modules are assigned to a group and thus to a switching device, the less flexibility there is, for example, when reconfiguring the usable spaces inside the building. The fewer window modules per group, i.e., assigned switching device, the greater the number of switching devices required. This increases the complexity of the ductwork and the production costs. For each building, a suitable design must be found, depending on the orientation of the facade surfaces, shading, etc. This can be done, for example, through simulations.

[0138] Depending on the size and structure of the building, different design variations, as described above, can be used in different parts of the building.

[0139] Based on the Figures 8 and 9 The energy transfer mentioned above will be explained in more detail. The aim of this energy transfer between individual groups of window modules is to utilize energy as locally as possible in order to minimize pipe losses and keep the energy required for pumps and the like as low as possible.

[0140] In the Figure 9In the illustrated embodiment, a direct energy transfer occurs between the window modules 1-i of the facade surface 111 and the window modules 1-j of the facade surface 112, which are, for example, arranged on the same plane. In this example, the window modules 1-j of the facade surface 112 are oriented towards the south, with solar radiation indicated by the arrow SR. For this purpose, a supply line 85 leading to the window modules 1-j and a return line 86 are coupled to a distributor 84 via a first switching device 92. A supply line 87 leading to the window modules 1-i and a return line 88 are coupled to the distributor 84 via a second switching device 94. The distributor 84 is coupled to the device 50 for temperature level adjustment.

[0141] A manifold assembly consisting of pumps and valves is designed to transfer energy between two groups of window modules, i.e., between window modules 1-i of facade area 111 and window modules 1-j of facade area 112, which are connected to different switching assemblies 92 and 94. In this example, the manifold assembly includes two valves 81 and 82 and one pump 83. The manifold assembly is designed to connect the return line 86 of window modules 1-j to the supply line 87 of window modules 1-i via valve 81, and the supply line 85 of window modules 1-j to the return line 88 of window modules 1-i via valve 82, thus enabling energy transfer. This allows for efficient, direct energy transfer between the groups of window modules.The piping system of the two groups of window modules 1-i and 1-j is, as described, connected to the distributor 84 via the two switching devices 92, 94.

[0142] As a result, there are no or minimal line losses and low energy consumption for the drive current of pump 83, since smaller pumps can be used or the pumps need to run less frequently. In this variant, energy can only be transferred between assigned groups of window modules or circuits. Furthermore, a required amount of space must be provided on each level 101 to 103 of the building. This variant can be particularly favorably combined with the third design variant ( Figures 5 and 6 ) combine.

[0143] At the in Figure 10In the illustrated configuration, which again shows window modules 1-i of facade area 111 (north side) and 1-j of facade area 112 (south side), an energy transfer (central or indirect) between the respective window modules or groups of window modules takes place via the temperature adjustment device 50 or the distributor. This means that the supply lines 85, 87 and the return lines 86, 88 are connected directly (i.e., without the presence of the distribution arrangement consisting of pumps and valves) to the distributor 84 via the respective switching devices 92, 94. The distributor 84 is connected on one side to the temperature level adjustment device 50 and on the other side to an (optional) heat sink 115, e.g., a geothermal storage tank.

[0144] An advantage is that the energy transfer technology can be located in the technical center 114. A disadvantage is the increased transmission losses. Furthermore, a larger pump (not shown) is required, which demands a higher drive current. In addition, such pumps need to be operated for longer periods or more frequently. Another advantage of the described arrangement is that energy can be transferred between all groups of window modules in the building. Moreover, the space requirement on each building level 101 to 103 is eliminated. The in Figure 10 The energy shift alternative shown works with all design variants, as these are used in conjunction with the Figures 1 to 8 were described. Reference symbol list

[0145] 1 Window module 1-i with i=1...n Window module 1-j with j=1...m Window module 2 Outer glazing 3 Inner glazing 4 Space 4I Inner space 4A Outer space 5 Air-liquid heat exchanger 5G Housing of the air-liquid heat exchanger 6 Light source (lower light band) 7 Light source (upper light band) 8 Leakage sensor 9 Ventilation duct 10 Fan 10G Fan housing 11 Sunshade device 12 Frame 120 Upper frame element 12U Lower frame element 13 Cladding element 19 Divider 20 Local control unit 25 Central control unit 30 Usable space 31 Ceiling 32 Floor 33 Sensor (multi-sensor) 40 Supply line 41 Return line 42 Valve 43 Valve actuator 44 Power supply line 50 Temperature level adjustment device 51 Combination generator 60 Piping system 61 Supply line arrangement 62 Return line arrangement 63 Riser pair 64-69 Branch line pair 71 First pipe pair for high first temperature level (heating) 72 Second pipe pair for low first temperature level (cooling) 73 Riser pair74-79 Pair of supply lines 81 Valve 82 Valve 83 Pump 84 Distributor 85, 87 Supply line 86, 88 Return line 91 Switching device 92-95 Switching device 96-98 Switching device in riser shaft 100 Building 101-103 Level (floor) 104 Floor surface of the building 105-107 Floor of levels 101-103 108-110 Ceiling of levels 101-103 111, 112 Facade surface 113 Riser shaft 114 Technical center 115 Heat sink H Heat flow Cooling K Heat flow Heating AS Exterior of the building (environment) IS Interior of the building (building interior) SRS Solar radiation

Claims

1. Cooling and heating system for a building (100), comprising: - a device (50) for temperature level adjustment, configured to transport a heat transfer medium from a respective first temperature level to a respective second temperature level in at least one circuit; - a piping system (60), comprising a supply line arrangement (61) and a return line arrangement (62), in which the heat transfer medium circulates in the at least one circuit between the device (50) for temperature level adjustment and a consumption arrangement; - a plurality of window modules (1; 1-i; 1-j) as the consumption arrangement, configured for thermal regulation, including heating or cooling, of the building interior, wherein the plurality of window modules (1; 1-i;1-j) are arranged in at least two facade surfaces (111, 112) oriented in different cardinal directions in one or more levels (101-103) of the building (100), wherein each window module (1; 1-i; 1-j) comprises the following features: - an outer glazing (2) and an inner glazing (3), wherein the outer glazing (2) has a lower heat transfer coefficient (U; a) as the inner glazing (3) in order to thermally regulate the building interior via the inner glazing (3), and wherein an intermediate space (4) sealed against solids, in particular dust, is formed between the outer glazing (2) and the inner glazing (3); - an air-liquid heat exchanger (5) comprising a fluid-flow cooling / heating element with a fluid line in which a heat transfer medium is guided, wherein the at least one air-liquid heat exchanger (5) is arranged in the intermediate space (4) at the bottom or top, horizontally, in the installed state of the window module (1; 1-i; 1-j), so that it can be permeated by air from the intermediate space (4); - a fan (10) which is arranged in the installed state of the window module (1; 1-i;1-j) arranged at the top or bottom, horizontally, in the space (4) and which can be operated in cooling mode and in heating mode as operating modes of the window module, wherein at least in cooling mode air is guided through the air-liquid heat exchanger (5) by the fan (10) to exchange heat between the air and the heat transfer medium and to circulate the air in the space (4); - a partition element (19) arranged in the space (4), which runs parallel to the outer glazing (2) and the inner glazing (3) and divides the space (4) into an inner space (4I) and an outer space (4A) to generate a rising and a falling airflow in the space (4);and - a controllably adjustable sun protection device (11) as a sun protection function, which is arranged in the outer cavity (4A) and borders the outer glazing (2), such that when the sun protection function is activated, the outer cavity (4A) is formed completely or substantially between the sun protection device (11) and the separating element (19); wherein one or more switching devices (91-98) controllable by a control unit (25) are arranged in the piping system (60), wherein, depending on a first or second switching position, the supply line following the respective switching device (91-98) in the flow direction is supplied by the device (50) for temperature level adjustment with the heat transfer medium of the circuit whose second temperature level is selected / controlled depending on a desired operating mode.

2. Cooling and heating system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact thatThe device (50) for temperature level adjustment is designed to provide the heat transfer medium in a supply line of a first pair of lines (71) with a first, high temperature as the second temperature level, in particular for heating.

3. Cooling and heating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that The device (50) for temperature level adjustment is configured to provide the heat transfer medium in a supply line of a second pair of lines (72) at a second, lower temperature than the second temperature level, in particular for cooling, wherein the second, high temperature is greater than the first, low temperature.

4. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe device (50) for temperature level adjustment is selected from one of the following devices: - air-to-water heat pump with outside air; - brine-to-water heat pump with ground probes or ground collectors; - water-to-water heat pump with groundwater or cold district heating; - district heating network providing heat and / or cold.

5. Cooling and heating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the device (50) for temperature level adjustment is selected from one of the following devices: - a local or district heating network that provides heat; - an energy generator that uses renewable energy, in particular biomass or hydrogen (H2), as fuel; - an energy generator that uses fossil fuels, in particular gas or oil.

6. Cooling and heating system according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that The device (50) for temperature level adjustment additionally comprises a device for generating cold, in particular a compression refrigeration machine.

7. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the one or more controllable switching devices (91-98) comprise a first connection unit, a second connection unit and a third connection unit, wherein the supply line and a return line of the first pair of lines (71) are connected to the first connection unit, wherein the supply line and a return line of the second pair of lines (72) are connected to the second connection unit, and wherein a supply line and a return line to a number of window modules (1-i; 1-j) are connected to the third connection unit.

8. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that this includes a controllable switching device (91) whereby all window modules (1-i; 1-j) in the building (100) are operated in the same operating mode.

9. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatEach level (101-103) includes at least one switching module (96-98) which can be individually controlled.

10. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that Each facade area (111-112) includes at least one switching unit (92-95) which can be individually controlled.

11. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that Each window module (1-i; 1-j) includes a switching assembly (92-95) which can be individually controlled.

12. Cooling and heating system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by the fact that This includes a distribution arrangement (81-83) designed to transfer energy between two groups of window modules (1-i; 1-j) connected to different switching assemblies (92, 94).

13. Cooling and heating system according to claim 12, characterized by the fact thatthe distributor arrangement (81-83) comprises valves (81, 82) and a pump (83) configured to connect, for energy transfer, a return line (86) of a first group of window modules (1-j) through a first valve (81) to a supply line (87) of a second group of window modules (1-i) and a supply line (85) of the first group of window modules (1-j) through a second valve (82) to a return line (88) of the second group of window modules (1-i).

14. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the respective fluid lines of the air-liquid heat exchanger (5) of each window module (1) are connected on the inlet side to an adjustable valve (42), whereby the volume flow of the heat transfer medium through the air-liquid heat exchanger (5) of each window module (1; 1-i; 1-j) can be individually adjusted by the position of the valve (42).

15. Cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that Each window module (1; 1-i; 1-j) comprises a local control unit (20) configured to regulate and / or control at least one actuator of the window module (1; 1-i; 1-j), comprising a valve actuator (43) and / or a fan drive (10) and / or a sunshade drive (11), such that a received actual room temperature value (T) ist ) a predetermined target room temperature value (T soll ) corresponds.

16. Cooling and heating system according to claim 15, characterized by the fact thatEach window module (1; 1-i; 1-j) comprises at least one sensor, comprising respective temperature sensors for detecting the temperatures of the heat transfer medium at the inlet and / or outlet of the fluid line of the air-liquid heat exchanger (5) and / or the temperatures of the air at the inlet and / or outlet of the air-liquid heat exchanger (5), wherein the temperature values ​​are provided to at least the local control unit (20) for processing for the regulation and / or control of the at least one actuator.

17. Cooling and heating system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by the fact that the local control unit (20) includes an interface at which it can at least receive the actual room temperature value (T ist ) and the specified target room temperature value (T soll ) from a central control unit of the building (100) or part of the building.

18. Cooling and heating system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by the fact thatthe central control unit is designed to determine the switching position of a respective switching device (91-98) based on the actual room temperature value (T ist ) and the specified target room temperature value (T soll ) to control.

19. Cooling and heating system according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that the central control unit is designed to control the switching position of a respective switching device (91-98) based on at least one further parameter, in particular a season and / or an outside temperature.

20. Method for thermal regulation of a building by means of a cooling and heating system according to one of the preceding claims, in which - depending on a first or second switching position, the supply line following the relevant switching device (91-98) in the flow direction from the device (50) for temperature level adjustment is supplied with the heat transfer medium of the circuit whose first temperature level is selected / controlled depending on a desired operating mode.

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