Projectile main body, active body, projectile, cartridge and method for producing a projectile

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile body for a firearm, in particular for a handgun, for forming a composite projectile, in particular a hunting projectile, with a projectile axis, wherein the projectile body has an outer surface, a front and a rear and is accelerated along the projectile axis towards the front by means of a gas pressure acting on the rear for firing at a target and is driven with the front along a firing direction through a barrel of the firearm towards the target, wherein the outer surface bears against an inner side of the barrel during firing and seals the gas pressure, wherein a joining receptacle is arranged on the front.wherein an active element can be mechanically fixed to the projectile body by means of an engagement of the active element corresponding to the joining receptacle by bringing the engagement of the joining element into contact with the joining receptacle along the projectile axis. The invention further relates to an active element, a projectile, a cartridge, and methods for manufacturing a projectile and a cartridge.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a projectile body for a firearm, in particular for a handgun, for forming a composite projectile, in particular a hunting projectile, with a projectile axis, wherein the projectile body has an outer surface, a front and a rear and is accelerated along the projectile axis towards the front by means of a gas pressure acting on the rear for firing at a target and is driven with the front along a firing direction through a barrel of the firearm towards the target, wherein the outer surface bears against an inner side of the barrel during firing and seals the gas pressure, wherein a joining receptacle is arranged on the front.wherein an active element can be mechanically fixed to the projectile base body by means of an engagement corresponding to the joining receptacle by engaging the joining engagement with the joining receptacle along the projectile axis. The invention further relates to an active element for forming a composite projectile by fixing the active element to a projectile base body along a projectile axis, a projectile with a projectile base body and an active element, a cartridge, in particular a rifle cartridge, and a method for manufacturing a projectile.

[0002] Existing projectiles, which are mostly formed from a closed projectile body, are known in a variety of forms. For example, such projectiles can be manufactured and used as full metal jacket bullets, semi-jacketed bullets, or hollow-point bullets. The desired property must be imprinted on the respective projectile, such as expansion upon impact with a target or the release of a hard core embedded within the projectile.

[0003] Furthermore, the projectile must also ensure a seal to the barrel of a firearm, so that the corresponding gas pressure can ideally be used completely or at least predominantly to accelerate the projectile towards the target.

[0004] Projectiles are also known that incorporate an additional active component, such as an explosive charge, to generate a corresponding blast or fragmentation effect upon impact with the target. However, even these projectiles must meet the requirements for sealing against the barrel, necessitating a compromise between the respective properties.

[0005] Previously known projectiles of this type can only be used for their intended purpose and therefore must be manufactured specifically for that purpose.

[0006] WO 2006 086 902 A1 discloses a projectile consisting of a front and a rear section, joined axially by means of an interference fit. A conical projection in the front section is pressed into a conical recess in the rear section. Upon impact with a target, the projectile fragments into two less dangerous fragments. The joint, with its conical interference fit, is designed so that the projectile sections actually disintegrate, i.e., as a detachable interference fit with a frustoconical shape.

[0007] WO 2016 148 369 A1 describes a warhead that can be easily manufactured using an axial joining method. This axial joining method employs both a screw connection and a press fit. A projection in a front part of the projectile engages with a corresponding component in a rear part of the projectile.

[0008] German patent DE 696 09 251 T2 discloses a training projectile referred to as a "short-trajectory projectile." The short-trajectory projectile consists of a plastic rear section and a front section, with the rear section connected to the front section by a predetermined breaking point. Both projectile parts have the same diameter and, upon firing, engage the rifling of a barrel. The rear section then bursts open as the projectile exits the barrel, thereby reducing the ballistic performance of the front section.

[0009] US 375 963 A describes an axially joined projectile, which is manufactured by casting a projectile front part into a projectile rear part.

[0010] US Patent 2008 O 196 616 A1 discloses projectiles and a method for manufacturing projectiles. In this process, a rear projectile body is joined to a front projectile body, with a projection of the rear projectile body being inserted into a cavity of the front projectile body. Upon impact with a target, the rear projectile body expands and ruptures the front projectile body, thus increasing ballistic effectiveness, particularly against soft targets.

[0011] German patent DE 10 2011 108 753 B3 discloses a multi-part hunting projectile. The hunting projectile has a head that fragments upon impact with a target, which is then fragmented by a compression cylinder arranged behind it in the direction of flight.

[0012] The CH 360 312 A shows a projectile consisting of a front projectile body and a rear projectile body, with the front projectile body engaging conically in the rear projectile body.

[0013] German patent DE 20 2005 013 495 U1 describes a projectile for hunting weapons, comprising a guide body and a projectile tip. The projectile tip can be inserted into a recess in the guide body. The projectile tip is sub-caliber, meaning it has a smaller diameter than the guide body, thus preventing it from contacting the barrel during firing. The guide body is permanently attached to the projectile tip, for example, by soldering or gluing. The guide body is made of steel, while the projectile tip is made of materials such as copper, brass, or tombac.

[0014] The purpose of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0015] The problem is solved by a projectile body for a firearm, in particular for a handgun, for forming a composite projectile, in particular a hunting projectile, with a projectile axis, wherein the projectile body has an outer surface, a front and a rear and is accelerated along the projectile axis towards the front by means of a gas pressure acting on the rear for firing at a target and is driven with the front along a firing direction through a barrel of the firearm towards the target, wherein the outer surface bears against an inner side of the barrel during firing and seals the gas pressure, wherein a joining receptacle is arranged on the front.wherein an active body can be mechanically fixed to the projectile base body by means of an engagement of the active body corresponding to the joining receptacle by engaging the joining engagement with the joining receptacle along the projectile axis, wherein an engagement receptacle is arranged on the front side, wherein an active body can be mechanically fixed to the projectile base body by means of an engagement of the joining engagement corresponding to the joining receptacle by engaging the joining engagement with the joining receptacle along the projectile axis, wherein a receiving direction of the joining receptacle is aligned along the projectile axis and the joining receptacle is designed as a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical bore along the projectile axis.

[0016] Such a projectile body can, for example, be optimized to seal the barrel against gas pressure on the inside, particularly without having to design the entire projectile for this purpose. For this, a specific material can be used for the projectile body to, for example, facilitate sliding of the projectile body on the inside of the barrel or to reduce wear on the inside of the barrel. The projectile body can then be equipped with a suitable active element and axially connected to it along the projectile axis to exert a corresponding effect at the target. Ideally, the effect of the active element can be selected and designed independently of the properties of the projectile body and is essentially or primarily determined by the active element.The design of the joining receptacle, particularly as an essentially cylindrical bore, ensures that a corresponding projectile formed with an active element remains intact upon or after impact with a target, thus also achieving the intended ballistic effect in the target.

[0017] A key concept of the invention is to independently create a corresponding projectile body and a corresponding active element, equip them with appropriate properties, and then join them along the projectile axis to form a common projectile. This joining is achieved, in particular, by means of a geometrically defined joining engagement and a geometrically defined joining receptacle, with the joining occurring primarily in the axial direction to absorb compressive and / or tensile forces along the projectile axis. It should be noted that axial joining contributes to the fact that, when the projectile body is accelerated, an attached active element is additionally joined by its inertia and the resulting forces, for example, by pressing the joining engagement and the joining receptacle together.The design of the joining device, which is essentially cylindrical and is designed to be force-fit, creates a reliable and firm connection between the projectile base body and the active body.

[0018] The following terms should be explained in this context: A "projectile body" is a body made of, for example, metal or plastic, which serves as a projectile for a firearm. The projectile body can be essentially cylindrical, for example, to correspond to the typically round cross-section of a firearm barrel, or to a polygonal rifling. A cross-sectional shape of the projectile body forming a polygon or other form can also be chosen for correspondingly shaped barrels.

[0019] A "firearm" serves to accelerate and eject a projectile towards a target, whereby the projectile, in the case of the present invention, in particular initially the projectile body, is propelled through the barrel of the firearm. In this context, the "barrel" refers to a typically tubular component of the firearm through which the projectile body or the projectile is propelled by means of gas pressure. The corresponding gas pressure can be generated either by the chemical reaction of, for example, gunpowder or by stored gas pressure, as in an air pistol. It is essential for a firearm that the gas pressure behind the projectile propels and accelerates the projectile forward towards the target, so that the target experiences the corresponding ballistic effect from the projectile.It should be noted that barrels are often rifled, meaning they either have a polygonal cross-section spiraling along the firing axis or so-called lands and grooves to impart spin to the projectile after it leaves the barrel, thus stabilizing its trajectory. Lands and grooves are cross-sectional changes arranged spirally along the firing axis, with the grooves being spiral indentations stamped into the inside of the barrel, forming the lands between them.

[0020] In this process, the "outer surface" of the projectile body, i.e. the surface facing the barrel, is guided along the inside of the barrel and rests against this inside of the barrel or in the fields and grooves or the polygonal profile, so that the gas pressure is sealed accordingly.

[0021] The projectile body specifically concerns its use in a "handgun," that is, a firearm that can be held in one or more hands. Examples of such handguns include pistols, revolvers, rifles, assault rifles, and handheld grenade launchers.

[0022] In this context, a "compound projectile" refers to a joined technical unit consisting of the projectile body and a striking element, whereby the striking element is attached in front of the projectile body in the direction of fire and is mechanically fixed to the projectile body. A "hunting projectile" in this context refers specifically to a projectile used for hunting purposes, i.e., for targeting animals with the aim of killing them.

[0023] The "projectile axis" refers to a longitudinal axis of the projectile body, the projectile itself, and the target body. This projectile axis typically runs parallel to and essentially centered along the bore axis of the firearm, so that, at least in the area where the projectile exits the barrel, the projectile axis coincides with the firing line or direction. It should be noted that the "firing direction" refers to a general direction and can deviate from a mathematically ideal orientation due to factors such as gravity, wind, or air resistance.

[0024] The "front" of the projectile body is oriented forward in the direction of firing, while the "back" is exposed to the gas pressure and oriented backward in the barrel, so that the gas pressure on the back accelerates the projectile body in the direction of the front.

[0025] It should be mentioned that the "target" can be either a wild animal (when the projectile body is used for hunting) or another target that is intended to experience the effect of the projectile body and / or the projectile.

[0026] In this context, a "fitting receptacle" refers specifically to a mechanically positive-locking or force-locking receptacle located on the front of the projectile body for receiving the active element on the projectile body. Such a fitting receptacle can, for example, be designed to correspond to a "fitting engagement" of the active element, so that, for instance, a specific active element with a corresponding fitting engagement can be placed onto a specifically designed projectile body with a corresponding fitting receptacle. "Engaging" refers to the process of bringing the fitting receptacle and the fitting engagement together, with the purpose and result that the projectile is firmly joined to the active element and the projectile body.In this context, "mechanically fixable" means that, under typical handling, operating, or deployment forces on the projectile, separation of the active component from the projectile body is unlikely or impossible. It should be noted that the joining of the active component to the projectile body occurs along the projectile axis, i.e., axially along the projectile and parallel to the firing direction. Thus, when the projectile body is accelerated by the gas pressure in the barrel, the projectile body is initially driven directly, and then the active component is driven in front of the projectile body. Therefore, the corresponding joining mechanism and engagement require only lower forces than would be the case, for example, if the gas pressure acted on the active component and the projectile body were thereby "pulled."

[0027] To enable simple and axial assembly of the projectile from the projectile body and the active element, the joining element is aligned along the projectile axis. This joining element is specifically designed as a press fit, clamping fit, and / or screw fit for the joining engagement, which is configured as a press engagement, clamping engagement, and / or screw engagement. In particular, precise alignment of the projectile body and the active element along the projectile axis, even in the assembled state, ensures a trajectory that is as straight as possible and minimizes projectile wobble along the firing direction.

[0028] The "receiving direction" of the joining receptacle refers to the direct direction of action of the joining receptacle with the joining engagement, so that, according to this design, a purely axial joining of the projectile base body with the active element is particularly possible. A "press receptacle" refers to a joining receptacle that acts by plastic deformation of the material, which is pressed into a corresponding "press engagement." For example, a slightly oversized joining receptacle can be pressed into a slightly undersized press engagement, so that the plastic or elastic deformation of the press receptacle and the press engagement mechanically fixes the active element in the projectile base body.A "clamping receptacle" and a corresponding "clamping grip" refer to an element that can be fixed together, for example, reversibly, by purely elastic material behavior, such that, for example, overcoming a clamping force allows the active element to engage with the projectile body and to disengage with a release force, such as a tensile force. A "screw receptacle" and a corresponding "screw grip" can, for example, be designed as an external and internal thread, such that, for example, the active element can be screwed axially to the projectile body along the receptacle direction, in this case the orientation of the threaded piece, in particular by screwing the active element into a corresponding thread around the projectile axis relative to the projectile body.Thus, for example, interchangeable active elements can be mounted on a corresponding projectile body. An additional positioning mechanism can be provided for this purpose, for example with a precision fit, which is centered by means of an axial preload force of the threaded connection.

[0029] According to the invention, the joining receptacle is designed as a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical bore along the projectile axis, wherein the bore in particular has a conical chamfer. The bore can be designed to form a force-fit connection or, for example, to carry a substantially cylindrical thread.

[0030] This allows both the projectile body and the impact element to be manufactured as cylindrical turned parts, enabling a particularly rotationally symmetrical design of the impact element. The joining element on the impact element is then also formed as a cylindrical, pin-shaped feature. In the projectile body, the corresponding joining receptacle can also be formed as a central, axial bore. A corresponding chamfer, i.e., a rotationally symmetrical ramp arranged at, for example, 45°, 60°, or another angle, serves to reduce local stress concentrations and to facilitate the joining of the receptacle to the joining element.It should be noted that a corresponding pin and a corresponding cylindrical bore on the active element and the projectile body are designed to fit each other and thus correspond geometrically, with the chamfer being selected in such a way that a certain clearance remains between the chamfers of the active element and the projectile body, so that the cylindrical bore, together with the cylindrical pin, achieves the mechanical fixation. Furthermore, accelerating the projectile body relative to the inertia of the active element can cause the interface to be additionally compressed and thus further tightened. The cylindrical pin can, for example, be manufactured with an interference fit of a few hundredths of a millimeter relative to a corresponding bore, thus creating an interference fit.It should be mentioned that an identical or analogous design, in particular with a corresponding chamfer and / or pin-shaped form, can also be used as a precision fit, provided that the joining connection is, in particular additionally, designed as a threaded connection.

[0031] According to a further embodiment, the outer surface has a groove-shaped circumferential constriction or several groove-shaped circumferential constrictions with respect to the projectile axis and / or the outer surface has a convex, conical and / or oval terminal constriction with respect to the projectile axis on the rear and / or on the front.

[0032] In this context, a "circumferential constriction" refers to a groove or indentation, particularly one that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the projectile axis. This allows, for example, the depth of a land in the barrel of a firearm to be partially or completely compensated for by a corresponding inner diameter within the groove base. The outer diameter of the groove's surface, for instance, corresponds to the diameter of the rifling in the barrel. Thus, the corresponding groove-shaped circumferential constrictions can reduce friction in the barrel while still ensuring a proper seal against gas pressure from the inside of the barrel.A convex, conical, and / or oval end constriction located on the rear and / or front side, relative to the projectile axis, results in improved aerodynamics of the formed projectile and / or allows, for example, the neck of a cartridge case to be crimped or otherwise reshaped around the projectile body to improve the initial seal between the projectile body and the cartridge case. Alternatively or additionally, one or more of the groove-shaped circumferential constrictions can be used for a corresponding crimp connection.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the projectile body is made of brass, specifically a brass alloy, MS58. This brass alloy, MS58, also known as CUZn39Pb3 / CW614N, offers the best possible compromise between sealing the projectile body against the bore, appropriate sliding properties, and low bore wear. Furthermore, it has been found that using a brass alloy for the projectile body keeps the bore virtually free of fouling, as a subsequent projectile passes through the projectile body, effectively cleaning the bore. For example, it removes powder residue from a previously fired projectile with each subsequent shot, thus reducing the need for bore cleaning.Furthermore, it has been shown that the use of a brass alloy, especially in the manufacture of the projectile body by turning, results in a significantly improved precision of a projectile.

[0034] In particular, the caliber of the projectile body is a common rifle caliber or a common pistol caliber, in particular a maximum of 20 mm, a maximum of 12.9 mm, a maximum of 9 mm, a maximum of 8 mm, a maximum of 6 mm, and in particular a maximum of 5 mm. In this context, "caliber" refers to a measure of the outer diameter of corresponding projectiles and a corresponding inner diameter of the barrel of a firearm. It has been found that a projectile body according to the invention, as well as a projectile formed therewith, offers particular advantages, especially for handguns with such calibers. The precision of the projectile trajectory is significantly increased, and the wear on the inner surface of the barrel is significantly reduced. For example, a projectile body according to the invention can be used for typical hunting calibers such as 7.92 x 57 mm, .308, .222 Remington, or other hunting calibers.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the projectile body is manufactured by machining, in particular by turning. Turning a rotationally symmetrical projectile body produces significantly improved geometric accuracy and thus significantly improved projectile precision compared to casting or pressing projectile bodies or projectiles.

[0036] According to a further embodiment, a base body diameter defining the outer surface relative to the barrel is sub-caliber with respect to a bore diameter of the barrel, in particular in a field caliber or larger than the field caliber of the barrel.

[0037] This achieves the effect that, during firing, the elasticity of the projectile body material is utilized to allow for temporary expansion of the projectile body due to the gas pressure in the barrel, thus causing at least partial compression of the projectile body into the rifling. It has been found that such a sub-caliber projectile body leads to an increased muzzle velocity while still achieving a satisfactory seal between the projectile body and the barrel. This effect is particularly advantageous, for example, when the projectile body is made of a brass alloy as described above. The projectile body is temporarily impressed into the rifling by the gas pressure, but only partially fills it.

[0038] A "caliber" indicates the diameter of the projectile as described above. Typical barrels, as already described, feature so-called "rifling" and "landing." The rifling has a larger diameter than the landing, meaning the landing protrudes inwards into the barrel and runs spirally along the bore axis. This imparts an angular momentum to the projectile as it travels through the barrel, stabilizing its trajectory through a gyroscopic effect. The "rifling diameter" is often also referred to as the "caliber," representing the nominal diameter of the barrel. A "landing diameter" indicates the inner diameter of the barrel in relation to the landing, and the landing diameter is typically smaller than the rifling diameter. It should also be noted that barrels with a so-called "polygonal rifling" design are also known.Such polygonal rifling features a polygonal cross-section, for example, a rounded five-sided or rounded six-sided cross-section, instead of lands and grooves. This cross-section is spirally wound along the length of the rifling into the inner surface of the rifling. The spiral polygonal shape imparts spin to the projectile. In the embodiment of the invention described above, the larger diameter of the corresponding "valleys" of the polygonal profile corresponds to the groove diameter, and the smaller diameter of the corresponding "peaks" of the polygonal profile corresponds to the land diameter. Thus, the projectile body is in contact with the polygonal profile at the peaks, but only partially in contact at the valleys, or contact with the valleys is avoided altogether.

[0039] In a further aspect, the problem is solved by an active body for forming a composite projectile by fixing the active body to a projectile base body, in particular a projectile base body according to one of the previously described embodiments, along a projectile axis, having a head side and a contact side, wherein the active body has an engagement on the contact side, wherein the engagement is configured to correspond to an assembly receptacle of a projectile base body, in particular to an assembly receptacle of a projectile base body according to one of the previously described embodiments, so that the active body can be mechanically fixed to the projectile base body by engaging the engagement with the assembly receptacle of the projectile base body along the projectile axis, wherein the engagement is configured as a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical pin along the projectile axis.

[0040] The active element is provided in a manner corresponding to the aforementioned projectile body, allowing for the simple and economical assembly of a projectile consisting of the active element and the projectile body. The tolerance of the active element's pin relative to the bore of the projectile body can be such that an interference fit is created; alternatively, a screw connection can also be implemented.

[0041] It should be noted that the "head end" of the projectile refers to the side facing forward, i.e., towards the target, along the projectile axis and thus along the direction of fire, while the "contact side" is associated with and facing the projectile body. In terms of flight direction, the head end is oriented forward and the contact side backward towards the projectile body and thus indirectly in the direction of the gas pressure.

[0042] A key aspect of this part of the invention is to provide a suitable and corresponding active body for the projectile base in order to realize the corresponding advantages with regard to ballistics, trajectory and target effect as effectively as possible with the projectile then formed.

[0043] It should be noted that the projectile element can, for example, have the same caliber or diameter as the projectile body, but it can also be slightly undersized, i.e., with a smaller diameter. For instance, the projectile element can have the same inner diameter as the bore, so that only the projectile body engages the bore and thus imparts spin to the projectile, while still guiding the projectile within the bore diameter. This reduces friction in the bore and significantly decreases wear on the bore lining. In this case, the design of the joining mechanism and the mounting surface should be such that they can withstand rotational forces acting around the projectile axis between the projectile body and the projectile element to prevent loosening.

[0044] According to the invention, the joining engagement is designed as a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical pin along the projectile axis, wherein the pin has in particular a conical chamfer in the direction of the contact side and / or in particular annular thickening in relation to the projectile axis or several in particular annular thickenings in relation to the projectile axis, wherein a force-fit fixing of the joining engagement in the joining receptacle is made possible by means of an at least partially reversible deformation of the in particular annular thickening or the in particular annular thickenings.

[0045] An "annular thickening" is, for example, a quantity of material left on the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical pin, provided, for instance, that the active element is manufactured as a turned part. It is technically simpler to leave such a thickening on the pin than, for example, to make corresponding geometric adjustments inside the joint recess of the previously described projectile body. This significantly simplifies the manufacturing of the active element, with the annular thickening enabling the force-fit fixing of the joint recess through partially reversible deformation, i.e., elastic-plastic behavior when the joint is inserted. Thus, the annular thickening, which can alternatively also be formed as individual thickened points or areas on the cylindrical pin, serves as a deformation element for force-fit fixing.It should be mentioned that, depending on the material selection, the thickening may only be a few hundredths of a millimeter thick, for example as a ring with a diameter 2 hundredths of a millimeter larger than the cylindrical pin.

[0046] According to a further embodiment, the active element has a pointed head, a round head, an ogival head, a hollow pointed head, a hollow head, and / or a flat head on its head side. Furthermore, the active element can alternatively or additionally be designed as a solid body, a sheathed body, or a partial sheathed body.

[0047] This allows the projectile to be specifically adapted to the desired effect on the target according to its geometric design. For example, a pointed head enables particularly easy penetration of the target, a round head allows relatively good energy transfer, and a hollow pointed head allows the projectile to expand within the target, thus increasing the damage. Alternatively, a "flat head" can be used specifically for clearly penetrating a target, so that, for example, hits during target practice can be detected as effectively as possible by creating a circular cut in the target.

[0048] In this context, a "pointed nose" refers to a projectile with a point that is essentially sharp in the direction of fire, although a slightly rounded tip is possible depending on technical feasibility. A "round nose" describes a projectile with a geometry that is essentially circular, while an "ogival nose" describes a pointed, arc-shaped design. A "hollow pointed nose," on the other hand, has an opening or depression when viewed from the direction of fire, allowing material from the target to penetrate this cavity and, due to the kinetic energy transferred in the projectile, deform the hollow pointed nose, thus creating a larger wound channel with greater effect, for example, in the game animal. This ensures, for example, the best possible protection of the game during hunting.Accordingly, a "hollow head" can be designed, whereby, unlike a hollow-pointed head, the fundamentally pointed shape is avoided, and only a relatively flat frontal area of ​​the projectile is hollow. A "flat head," on the other hand, refers to an essentially flat and level head of the projectile, particularly perpendicular to the projectile axis. It should be noted that corresponding projectile shapes can blend seamlessly into one another, and corresponding designations may have overlapping areas. Furthermore, it should be noted that such a projectile can also be designed, for example, by incorporating a hard core, such as a tungsten core, along the projectile axis to penetrate harder materials, body armor, or body armor.

[0049] A "solid body" refers to an active substance made from a single material, while a "jacketed body" refers to an active substance with, for example, a copper jacket and a core made of lead or a lead substitute. The term "solid jacket body" is used specifically when the active substance is completely encased in such a jacket; a "partial jacket body" refers to a jacket covering less than the entire surface of the active substance's interior.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the active element is made of a plastic, in particular PEEK, and / or a metal, in particular copper and / or steel. The active element can also be made of a copper alloy.

[0051] It should be noted that plastic projectiles, especially when combined with a brass-based projectile body, are particularly suitable for hunting small animals and pests. This is because a plastic projectile deforms significantly or even disintegrates upon impact, maximizing its effect on the target while minimizing damage to the game meat. However, if hunting large game or red deer is desired, and minimizing damage to the animal to preserve tissue, a copper or copper alloy projectile, such as a pointed or hollow-point bullet, can be used to achieve a good on-target effect with a rapid kill, without, for example, distributing copper fragments throughout the game.The same applies to corresponding steel projectiles, which can be used, for example, to engage hard targets, or to the supplementary equipment of the projectile with, for example, a hard core or similar ballistic enhancements for use against hard targets. It should be mentioned again that the split design of the projectile, consisting of a base body and a projectile body, creates a wide range of combination possibilities, allowing for the very economical production of projectiles tailored to specific purposes.

[0052] According to another aspect, the problem is solved by a projectile with a projectile base body according to the embodiments described above and an active body according to one of the embodiments described above, wherein the active body is fixed to the projectile base body by means of engaging the joining engagement of the active body with the joining receptacle of the projectile base body along the projectile axis.

[0053] It should be mentioned that, in particular, the projectile axis coincides with the central axis of the projectile body (projectile body axis) and the central axis of the effective body (effective body axis), so that a rotationally symmetrical projectile is formed, which, for example, flies particularly straight along a trajectory, especially if the projectile has been given a spin by the rifled barrel of the weapon.

[0054] A suitable projectile can be combined almost arbitrarily from its active agent and projectile body, allowing for the anticipation or prediction of desired effects on the target and the production of a projectile tailored to a specific purpose. For example, a hunting projectile with a known effective active agent can be mass-produced for hunting specific game animals.

[0055] According to one embodiment, the joining depth of the projectile base body along the projectile axis is / are selected to form a joining volume with a joining diameter and the joining depth of the joining, and / or the joining engagement length of the joining engagement of the active body is selected to form a joining engagement volume with a joining engagement diameter and the joining engagement length, based on a desired projectile center of gravity for an active body corresponding to the projectile base body, such that, in particular by a different specific density of the projectile base body compared to the specific density of the active body corresponding to the projectile base body, the projectile center of gravity of the projectile is in a range of +10 to -10%, +5% to +5%, +2% to -2%.in particular, is arranged +1% to -1% away from an aerodynamic pressure point of the projectile with respect to a total projectile length.

[0056] This design makes it possible, given the same external appearance compared to any other projectile (e.g., the same ratio between the effective body length and the projectile body length), to adjust the projectile's flight ballistics in such a way that, by arranging the projectile's center of gravity in relation to the aerodynamic pressure point, wobbling, tipping, or even flipping of the projectile during flight is reduced or prevented.

[0057] It should be noted that, in particular, the effective body length in relation to the projectile base body length is selected in a range of 35 / 65 to 65 / 35, in particular in a range of 40 / 60 to 60 / 40, and in particular in a range of 45 / 55 to 55 / 45, so that an external design of the projectile can be carried out according to target ballistic requirements, while the flight ballistic design is adapted by the joining volume and / or the joining engagement volume.

[0058] The "joining depth" describes the depth of the bore forming the joining recess. The "joining diameter" specifically refers to the diameter of the bore forming the joining recess. This removes a volume, the "joining volume," from the joining recess, creating a free volume and thus altering the center of gravity of the projectile body.

[0059] Similarly, the "joining engagement length" represents the length of the pin forming the joining engagement, while the "joining engagement diameter" represents the diameter of the pin. Together, the pin thus has a "joining engagement volume," which is arranged as an additional volume on the working body and therefore changes its center of gravity.

[0060] The "action body length" describes the outer length of the action body from its tip at the head end to a contact surface at the contact end that geometrically defines the joint between the action body and the projectile body. It should be noted that the contact surface extends, for example, from an outer surface of the action body in the direction of the projectile axis and geometrically defines the contact with the projectile body. Specifically, the action body length on the joined projectile is defined from the action body tip to a visible joint with the projectile body. The "projectile body length" refers to the analogously defined dimension on the projectile body, i.e., a length from the rear side facing away from the gas pressure to the recognizable and / or, in particular, geometrically defining joint with the action body.

[0061] In a further embodiment, the joining depth is chosen to be greater than the joining engagement length, such that a clearance for the joining engagement is formed in the joining recess by a difference between the joining depth and the joining engagement length, wherein a clearance length of the clearance is chosen in particular such that, in particular by a different specific density of the projectile base body to the specific density of the effective body corresponding to the projectile base body, the center of gravity of the projectile is arranged in a range of +10 to -10%, +5% to +5%, +2% to -2%, in particular +1% to -1% deviating from an aerodynamic pressure point of the projectile with respect to a total projectile length.

[0062] This design offers an additional degree of freedom in shaping the projectile's center of gravity, allowing for a more flexible external shape while still enabling precise adjustment of the center of gravity to achieve the desired effect. This is also possible for a projectile body and a projectile with the same or very similar specific gravities.

[0063] In this context, "free space" refers in particular to a volume between a rear boundary of the joining receptacle and the joining engagement in the joining receptacle, especially axially between these, which is kept free of material. This free space is created in particular by selecting a joining engagement length that is shorter than the joining receptacle depth.

[0064] According to a further embodiment, the specific weight of the projectile base body and the specific weight of the active element are achieved by forming the projectile base body and the active element from different materials, wherein, for example, the projectile base body is made of a brass alloy and / or the active element is made of a copper alloy or of a plastic.

[0065] This allows for a further influence on the projectile's center of gravity through material selection, by choosing a material pairing for the projectile body on the one hand and the impact body on the other.

[0066] Specific gravity, also called specific weight, is a physical quantity that represents the ratio of a body's density to its volume and is usually expressed in g / cm³. For example, the specific gravity of a brass alloy MS58 is approximately 8.47 g / cm³, the specific gravity of copper is approximately 8.9 g / cm³, and that of a typical copper alloy is 8.86 g / cm³. The difference in the specific gravity of different materials leads to an uneven weight distribution in a projectile, which consists of a projectile body and an active element made of different materials relative to its volume distribution. This can be compensated for, for example, by adjusting the insertion depth and the insertion engagement length, particularly according to the designs described above.It should be noted that a specific weight of the projectile base body and / or the active element can also be generated, in particular, by material omissions in the respective body, provided, for example, that the projectile base body and the active element are made of the same material and, however, the active element has a lower weight in relation to a volume, for example, by using an additive manufacturing process and creating omissions in the material or by machining cutouts or incisions.

[0067] In another aspect, the problem is solved by a cartridge, in particular a rifle cartridge, comprising a cartridge case, in particular a bottlenecked case, a primer and a propellant that can be ignited by means of the primer and is contained in the cartridge case, wherein the cartridge case has a neck, wherein the neck is designed to receive a projectile body and the propellant ignited by means of the primer in the cartridge case generates a gas pressure on the projectile body at the neck of the cartridge case to propel the projectile body through the barrel of a firearm, wherein the cartridge comprises a projectile body contained in the cartridge case, in particular a projectile body contained in the neck, or a projectile contained in the cartridge case or the neck according to the embodiments described above.

[0068] Such a cartridge uses the projectile and / or the projectile body according to the invention as a projectile body to provide a firing unit for a firearm.

[0069] A "cartridge" refers to a unit consisting of a cartridge case, propellant, primer and projectile body, whereby the propellant is ignited by the primer and the resulting gases propel the projectile body through the barrel of a firearm, provided the cartridge is loaded in the firearm, i.e., inserted into the cartridge chamber.

[0070] The primer can be, for example, a percussion cap from a centerfire cartridge, or a primer embedded in the rim of a rimmed cartridge. The propellant can be, for example, gunpowder, black powder, guncotton, or another propellant commonly used in standard cartridges.

[0071] It was pointed out that the term "projectile body" in this context generally refers to a body that can be used as a projectile, and can include a projectile as well as a basic projectile body, in particular with an attached effective body, depending on the reference.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the cartridge features a crimp connection between the case neck and the projectile body or the projectile, wherein the crimp connection is located, in particular, at one or more of the groove-shaped circumferential constrictions and / or at the convex, conical, and / or oval terminal constriction of the projectile body with respect to the projectile axis. This allows for a particularly tight seal and secure projectile retention through the crimped transition between the projectile body and the case neck, thereby increasing the projectile's velocity and thus its accuracy during firing. In particular, the higher velocity reduces the projectile's tendency to wobble, resulting in a more precise shot.

[0073] A "crimp connection" refers in particular to a form-fitting connection created by material deformation, whereby, for example, the sleeve neck is rolled inwards in the direction of the projectile axis in order to form-fittingly encompass the projectile body at the respective end constriction.

[0074] In another aspect, the task is solved by a method for manufacturing a projectile, in particular a hunting projectile, with the following steps: Providing a projectile base body according to one of the previous embodiments, such that the projectile base body is provided; fixing an active body according to one of the previously described embodiments with the projectile base body by engaging the joining element with the joining receptacle along the projectile axis, such that the active body is fixed to the projectile base body. so that the projectile, especially the hunting projectile, is manufactured.

[0075] In another aspect, the task is solved by a method for manufacturing a cartridge, in particular a hunting cartridge, with the following steps: Providing a cartridge case, in particular a bottleneck case, especially with a primer, such that the cartridge case, in particular with the primer, is provided; filling the propellant into the cartridge case, such that the propellant is filled into the cartridge case; pressing a projectile body according to one of the preceding embodiments or a projectile according to the preceding embodiment into the neck of the cartridge case, such that the projectile body or the projectile is pressed into the neck of the cartridge case. so that the cartridge is manufactured.

[0076] It should be noted that, in particular, pressing in a projectile body without a fixed warhead makes it possible, for example, to manually attach a warhead to the projectile body just before loading the cartridge into a firearm and fix it to the projectile body, in order to adapt the cartridge to the intended use at short notice. This can be facilitated, for example, by using a screw connection to join the projectile body and warhead.

[0077] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. These will show... Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a projectile body and an active body for manufacturing a projectile in a side view; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the projectile body of the Figure 1Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of an alternative projectile body with another alternative projectile body for joining a projectile, and Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a cartridge with the joined projectile consisting of a projectile body and a projectile body. Figure 1 Figure 5, a schematic representation analogous to Figure 1 with geometric references, as well as Figure 6, a schematic representation of the joined projectile of the Figure 4 with geometric references, center of gravity and aerodynamic pressure point.

[0078] A substantially cylindrical projectile body 101 is arranged along a projectile axis 181 and is to be joined with an active body 141. For this purpose, the active body 141 is also arranged along the projectile axis 181, with a gap between the projectile body 101 and the active body 141 (see also Fig. 1 ).

[0079] As mentioned, the projectile body 101 is essentially cylindrical and made of brass, and is manufactured as a turned part. Along the projectile axis 181 on a rear side 123, the projectile body 101 has a base surface 102. Via a conical chamfer 103, the projectile body 101 then transitions into a cylindrical section with an outer diameter 131. Along the projectile axis 181, starting from the conical chamfer 103, are arranged a circumferential groove 105, a cylindrical surface 106, another circumferential groove 107, a cylindrical surface 108, and a third circumferential groove 109. Consequently, the projectile body 101 has three grooves along the projectile axis 181.A subsequent constriction 111, which is essentially elliptical and reduces the thickness of the projectile body 101, forms the end of the lateral surface of the projectile body 101 in the direction of an end face 110, which is located on a front face 121. It should be noted that the terms "front face" and "rear face" here refer to a subsequent firing direction 183.

[0080] The outer diameter of 131 is smaller than the bore (barrel not shown) used to fire the projectile to be added later (see below), specifically smaller than the bore diameter but larger than the rifling diameter. The outer diameter of 131 is chosen, for example, to be approximately half the difference between the bore diameter and the rifling diameter.

[0081] A cylindrical bore 115 is inserted concentrically to the projectile axis 181 in the end face 110, and is approximately one-third the depth of the projectile body 101. The cylindrical bore 115 is connected to the end face 110 by a chamfer 117.

[0082] The cylinder bore 115 has a bore diameter 533 and a bore depth 531, which together with the volume of the chamfer 117 results in a bore volume 535 being omitted from the projectile body 101.

[0083] The effective element 141 is also arranged along the projectile axis 181 and along the firing direction 183 in front of the projectile body 101. The effective element 141 is made of a copper alloy as a turned part and has a base surface 142 on a contact side 163, the contact side 163 being designed for joining with the front face 121 of the projectile body 101. Extending from the base surface 142 in the firing direction 183 is a cylindrical surface 143 with an outer diameter 171, the cylindrical surface 143 then transitioning into an ogival body 145 up to a hollow tip 147 of the effective element 141. The ogival body 145 constricts the diameter of the effective element 141 up to the hollow tip 147 to approximately one-third of the outer diameter 171. The hollow tip 147 has a head hole 149 extending from one head side 161, which is approximately one quarter of the length of the active body 141 deep.

[0084] In the area of ​​the contact side 163, the active body 141 has a pin 151 aligned concentrically to the projectile axis 181, which is connected to the base surface 142 of the active body 141 by a chamfer 153. A compression ring 155, which locally widens the diameter, is arranged approximately halfway along the length of the pin 151 and projects beyond the cylindrical outer surface of the pin 151. It should be noted that the pin 151 and the chamfer 153 correspond to the cylinder bore 115 and the chamfer 117 on the projectile body 101, with the compression ring 155 having a slightly larger diameter than the cylinder bore 115 in the projectile body 101. For example, the compression ring 155 is only 0.2 mm larger in diameter than the pin 151 (the compression ring is greatly exaggerated in the figures). The pin 151 itself has a length 521, a diameter 523, and, together with the chamfer 153, a volume 525.The pin diameter 523 can, for example, be tolerated with a transition fit or a very tight clearance fit in relation to the bore diameter 533, so that the geometric joining between the projectile base body 101 and the effective body 141 is as precise as possible.

[0085] To manufacture a projectile, the active element 141 is pressed into the projectile body 101 against the direction of fire, whereby the compression ring 155 and, depending on the fit, also the pin 151 are slightly deformed, resulting in a force-fit connection between the projectile body 101 and the active element 141. The joint is designed to be so force-fit that the manufactured projectile remains intact upon impact with a target, the active element 141 is effectively deformed, and remains connected to the projectile body 101.

[0086] Alternatively (see also) Figure 2The projectile body 101 can be equipped with an alternative active element 241, wherein the active element 241, analogous to the previous active element 141, is made of a copper alloy and has a base surface 242, a cylindrical surface 243, and an ogival body 245. In contrast to the previous active element 141, however, the active element 241 is equipped with a round head 247 on one end 261.

[0087] In the area of ​​a contact side 263 to the projectile base body 101, the active body 241 also has a pin 251 with a chamfer 253 and a compression ring 255, the function and design being analogous to the example above.

[0088] It should be noted that, with the active element 141 and the active element 241, a respective hunting projectile is produced after the projectile body 101 is joined to either the active element 141 or the active element 241. The active element 141, which is designed with the hollow point 147, causes, after the projectile is fired, target mass to penetrate the hollow point 147 of the active element 141 upon impact with a target, and the diameter of the active element 141 to expand, thus creating, for example, an enlarged wound channel.

[0089] In contrast, the 241 missile with the 247 round nose cone is designed, for example, to penetrate a target as deeply or with as little resistance as possible. It should be noted that the 241 missile can alternatively or additionally feature further ballistic enhancements, such as a hard core, in the area of ​​the 247 round nose cone, in order to increase its penetration performance against hard targets.

[0090] Another projectile body 301, also made of brass, is essentially analogous to the previous projectile body 101, but has, starting from a base surface 302 on a rear surface 323, a conical chamfer 303, a groove 305, a cylindrical surface 306, a groove 307, and a cylindrical surface 308. Adjoining this, towards a front surface 321, is an elliptical constriction 311, which forms a termination on the outer surface of the projectile body 301 towards the end surface 310 in the direction of the front surface 321. The projectile body 301 thus has only two grooves. This allows, for example, the adaptation of the projectile body to different barrel designs, different lands and / or grooves of a barrel, or, for example, different barrel materials, in order to reduce the wear of a corresponding firearm.This projectile body 301 is also sub-caliber, as in the above example of the projectile body 101.

[0091] In the end face 310, analogous to the example of the projectile base body 101, a cylindrical bore 315 with a chamfer 317 is arranged and introduced, which can accommodate an active element, for example the active element 141 or the active element 241.

[0092] An alternative active element 341, which, analogous to the previous active elements, has a base surface 342, a cylindrical surface 343, and an ogival body 345, is equipped with a flat head 347. Thus, the active element 341 has a flat diameter of approximately 2 / 3 of the outer diameter 371 in the area of ​​a head side 361. In the area of ​​a contact side 363, the active element 341 is equipped, analogous to the previous examples, with a pin 351, a chamfer 353, and a compression ring 355.

[0093] It should be noted that, unlike the previous examples, the warhead 341 is made of a plastic, specifically PEEK, and is machined as a part. Warhead 341 is therefore lighter than warheads 141 and 241, which are made of a copper alloy. Consequently, with the same propellant charge, it achieves a higher muzzle velocity when the projectile, composed of the projectile body 301 and warhead 341, is fired along the firing direction 183. The flat-headed warhead 341, made of PEEK, can withstand high impact forces upon impact with a target, such as a small animal, due to its high velocity and plastic construction. This leads to the mechanical fragmentation of the warhead 341 and the distribution of plastic fragments within the target. This allows for effective control against small pests, for example.

[0094] A cartridge 401 comprises a case 403. The case has a base 405 with an extractor groove 407, the extractor groove 407 serving to extract the cartridge 401 or, after firing, the case 403 from the chamber of a repeating rifle. A bore 409, in which a primer 451 is located, is machined concentrically to the projectile axis 181 within the base 405.

[0095] The cartridge case 403 is formed by a cartridge body 421, a constriction 423, and a bottleneck 425. A powder chamber 441 in the cartridge body 421 is filled with powder 443. The constriction 423 reduces the diameter of the cartridge body 421 to the diameter of the bottleneck 425, within which a projectile 431, composed of a projectile body 101 and a projectile element 141, is held. A crimp 427 at the end of the bottleneck 425 securely holds the projectile 431 in the bottleneck 425. It should be noted that the projectile 431 can be held at the constriction 111 by means of the crimp 427 (see [reference]). Figure 4 ) as well as at one of the grooves of the projectile base body 101, for example at the groove 109.

[0096] When the primer 451 is ignited by the firing pin of the repeating rifle, the powder 443 ignites, builds up gas pressure inside the cartridge case 421 and propels the projectile 431 through the barrel of the repeating rifle (barrel and repeating rifle not shown).

[0097] It should be mentioned that the projectile 431, as well as other projectiles 431, can be formed analogously to the previous examples from different projectile bodies and different active elements, in order to be able to provide, for example, a suitable projectile for the specific hunting purpose depending on the hunting target.

[0098] Furthermore, the geometric and physical properties of the projectile 431, formed from the projectile base body 101 and the effective body 141, will be discussed as an example (see also Figures 5 and 6 ):

[0099] As described, the pin 151 is defined by its length 521, diameter 523, and resulting volume 525. Similarly, the cylinder bore 115 is defined by its depth 531, diameter 533, and volume 535. The design of the projectile body 101 from a brass alloy, for example MS58, and the design of the impact element 141 from a copper alloy result in a center of gravity 651 of the assembled projectile 431, which, in the example described here, is located approximately in the area of ​​the pin 151 and the cylinder bore 115 on the projectile axis 181 (see also [reference to be added]). Figure 6It should be noted that a clearance 551 may be left free by a shorter design of the pin length 521 compared to the bore depth 531. An aerodynamic pressure point 661 of the projectile 431 represents the center of the acting aerodynamic forces during flight to the target, whereby the geometry of the projectile 431, as well as the velocity of the projectile and other parameters, can influence the position of the aerodynamic pressure point 661. It should also be mentioned that the representation in Figure 6 The figure shows an aerodynamic pressure point 661 located slightly forward of the center of gravity 651 in the firing direction 183; however, this arrangement is only exemplary. Likewise, the center of gravity 651 and the aerodynamic pressure point 661 can be arranged opposite each other or in reverse order with respect to the firing direction 183.

[0100] Furthermore, the projectile 431 has a projectile length 621, which is formed by a target length 623 and a base projectile length 633. It is assumed here that the ratio of the target length 623 to the base projectile length 633 is approximately 45 / 55. There is a difference 671 between the center of gravity 651 and the aerodynamic center of pressure 661, which in this case is less than 5% of the projectile length 621. This results in a particularly stable position of the projectile 431 in flight. Reference symbol list

[0101] 101 Projectile body 102 Base face 103 Conical chamfer 105 Groove 106 Cylindrical face 107 Groove 108 Cylindrical face 109 Groove 110 End face 111 Constriction 115 Cylindrical bore 117 Chamfer 121 Front 123 Back 131 Outer diameter 141 Impact element 142 Base face 143 Cylindrical face 145 Ogival body 147 Hollow point 149 Head hole 151 Pin 153 Chamfer 155 Pinch ring 161 Head side 163 Contact side 171 Outer diameter 181 Projectile axis 183 Firing direction 241 Impact element 242 Base face 243 Cylindrical face 245 Ogival body 247 Round head 251 Pin 253 Chamfer 255 Pinch ring 261 Head side 263 Contact side 271 Outer diameter 301 Projectile body 302 Base surface 303 Conical chamfer 305 Groove 306 Cylindrical surface 307 Groove 308 Cylindrical surface 310 End face 311 Reduction 315 Cylindrical bore 317 Chamfer 321 Front side 323 Back side 331 Outer diameter 341 Actuating body 342 Base surface 343 Cylindrical surface 345 Ogival body 347 Flat head 351 Pin 353 Chamfer 355 Pinch ring 361 Head side 363 Contact side 371 Outer diameter 401 Cartridge 403 Sleeve 405Sleeve base407 Extraction groove 409 Bore 421 Sleeve body 423 Constriction 425 Bottle neck 427 Crimp 431 Projectile 441 Powder chamber 443 Powder 451 Primer 521 Pin length 523 Pin diameter 525 Pin volume 531 Bore depth 533 Bore diameter 535 Bore volume 551 Clearance 621 Projectile length 623 Effect body length 633 Projectile body length 651 Center of gravity 661 Aerodynamic pressure point 671 Difference

Claims

1. Projectile body (101) for a firearm, in particular for a handgun, for forming a composite projectile (431), in particular a hunting projectile, with a projectile axis (181), wherein the projectile body has an outer surface (103, 106, 108, 111, 303, 306, 608, 311), a front (121, 321) and a rear (123, 323) and is accelerated for firing at a target by means of a gas pressure acting on the rear (123, 323) along the projectile axis (181) in the direction of the front (121, 321) and is driven with the front (121, 321) along a firing direction (183) through a barrel of the firearm in the direction of the target, wherein the outer surface (103, 106, 108, 111, 303, 306, 608, 311) during firing rests against an inner side of the barrel and seals the gas pressure, wherein a joining receptacle (115, 315) is arranged on the front side (121, 321), wherein an active element (141, 241,341) by means of a joining engagement (151, 251, 351) of the active body (141, 241, 341) corresponding to the joining receptacle (115, 315) on the joining receptacle (115, 315) by means of bringing the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) into engagement with the joining receptacle (115, 315) along the projectile axis (181) on the projectile base body, , characterized by the fact that wherein a receiving direction of the joining receptacle (115, 315) is aligned along the projectile axis (181) and the joining receptacle (115, 315) is designed as a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical bore (115, 315) along the projectile axis (181).

2. Projectile body according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the joining receptacle (115, 315) is designed as a press receptacle (115, 315), clamping receptacle and / or screw receptacle for the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) designed as a press engagement, clamping engagement and / or screw engagement and / or the bore (115, 315) has a conical chamfer (117, 317).

3. Projectile body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the outer surface (103, 106, 108, 111, 303, 306, 608, 311) has a groove-shaped circumferential constriction (105, 305) or several groove-shaped circumferential constrictions (105, 107, 109, 305, 307) with respect to the projectile axis (181) and / or the outer surface (103, 106, 108, 111, 303, 306, 608, 311) has a convex, conical and / or oval terminal constriction (103, 111, 303, 311) with respect to the projectile axis (181) on the rear (123, 323) and / or on the front (121, 321).

4. Projectile body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that a base body diameter (131) defining the outer surface (106, 108) relative to the barrel is sub-caliber with respect to a bore diameter of the barrel, in particular in a field caliber or larger than the field caliber of the barrel.

5. Active element (141, 241, 341) for forming a composite projectile (431) by fixing the active element to a projectile base body, in particular to a projectile base body (101, 301) according to one of the preceding claims, along a projectile axis (181), comprising a head side (161, 261, 361) and a contact side (163, 263, 363), wherein the active element has an engagement (151, 251, 351) on the contact side (163, 263, 363), wherein the engagement (151, 251, 351) relates to an engagement receptacle (115, 315) of a projectile base body, in particular to an engagement receptacle (115, 315) of a projectile base body according to one of the preceding claims. up to 4, is designed correspondingly, so that the active body can be mechanically fixed to the projectile base body by means of an engagement of the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) with the joining receptacle (115, 315) of the projectile base body along the projectile axis (181), wherein the joining engagement (151, 251,351) is formed as a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical pin (151, 251, 351) along the projectile axis (181).

6. Active element according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the pin (151, 251, 351) in particular has a chamfer (153, 253, 353) in the direction of the contact side (163, 263, 363) and / or a particularly annular thickening (155, 255, 355) in relation to the projectile axis (181) or several particularly annular thickenings (155, 255, 355) in relation to the projectile axis (181), wherein a force-fit fixing of the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) in the joining receptacle (115, 315) is enabled by means of at least partial reversible deformation of the particularly annular thickening (155, 255, 355) or the particularly annular thickenings (155, 255, 355).

7. Active element according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized by the fact thatthe active body has a pointed head, a round head (247), an ogival head, a hollow pointed head (147, 149), a hollow head and / or a flat head (347) on the head side (161, 261, 361) and / or the active body is designed as a solid body, as a sheath body or as a partial sheath body.

8. Active element according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized by the fact that the active element is made of a plastic, in particular of PEEK, and / or of a metal, in particular of copper and / or steel and / or of copper or of a copper alloy.

9. Active element according to any one of the preceding claims 5 to 8, characterized by the fact that an effective body diameter (171) defining an outer surface (143) relative to the barrel is sub-caliber with respect to a bore diameter of the barrel, in particular in a field caliber of the barrel.

10. Projectile (341) comprising a projectile base body (101, 301) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4 and an active body (141, 241, 341) according to any one of the preceding claims 5 to 9, wherein the active body (141, 241, 341) is fixed to the projectile base body (101, 301) by engaging the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) of the active body (141, 241, 341) with the joining receptacle (115, 315) of the projectile base body (101, 301) along the projectile axis (181).

11. Projectile according to claim 10, characterized by the fact thata joining depth (531) of the joining recess (115, 315) of the projectile base body (101) along the projectile axis (181) to form a joining volume (535) formed with a joining diameter (533) and the joining depth (531) of the joining recess (115, 315) and / or a joining engagement length (521) of the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) of the active body (141, 341) to form a joining engagement volume (525) formed with a joining engagement diameter (523) and the joining engagement length (521) based on a desired projectile center of gravity (651) for a by means of the projectile base body (101, 301) and a to the projectile base body (101, 301) corresponding active body (141, 241, 341) is or are selected such that, in particular by a different specific weight of the projectile base body (101, 301) to the specific weight of the active body (141, 241, 341) corresponding to the projectile base body (101, 301),the center of gravity (651) of the projectile (431) is located in a range of +10 to -10%, +5% to +5%, +2% to -2%, in particular +1% to -1%, and is arranged (671) differently from an aerodynamic pressure point (661) of the projectile (431) with respect to a total projectile length (621).

12. Projectile according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by the fact thatThe joining depth (531) is chosen to be greater than the joining engagement length (521), such that a clearance (551) for the joining engagement (151, 251, 351) is formed in the joining recess (115, 315) by a difference (551) between the joining depth (531) and the joining engagement length (521), wherein a clearance length (551) of the clearance (551) is chosen in particular such that, in particular by a different specific weight of the projectile base body (101, 301) to the specific weight of the effecting body (141, 241, 341) corresponding to the projectile base body (101, 301), the center of gravity (651) of the projectile (431) is in a range of +10 to -10%, +5% to +5%, +2% to -2%, in particular +1% to -1% is arranged differently from an aerodynamic pressure point (661) of the projectile (431) with respect to a total projectile length (621).

13. Projectile according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by the fact thatthe specific gravity of the projectile body (101, 301) and the specific gravity of the active element (141, 241, 341) is achieved by forming the projectile body (101, 301) and the active element (141, 241, 341) from different materials, wherein in particular the projectile body (1091, 301) is made of a brass alloy and / or the active element (11, 241, 341) is made of a copper alloy or of a plastic.

14. Cartridge (401), in particular rifle cartridge, comprising a cartridge case (403), in particular a bottlenecked case, a primer (451) and a propellant (443) that can be ignited by means of the primer (451) and is contained in the cartridge case (403), wherein the cartridge case (403) has a neck (425), wherein the neck (425) is designed to receive a projectile body (431) and the propellant (443) ignited by means of the primer (451) in the cartridge case (403) generates a gas pressure on the projectile body (431) at the neck (425) for propelling the projectile body (431) through the barrel of a firearm. characterized by a projectile base body (101, 301) received in the cartridge case (403) according to one of claims 1 to 4 or a projectile (431) received in the cartridge case (403) according to one of claims 10 to 13.

15. Cartridge according to claim 14, characterized bya crimp connection (427) of the sleeve neck (425) to the projectile body (101, 301) or the projectile (431), wherein the crimp connection (427) is arranged in particular on a groove-shaped circumferential constriction (105, 107, 109, 305, 307) and / or on a convex, conical and / or oval end constriction (111, 311) of the projectile body (101, 301) with respect to the projectile axis (181).

Images