Assembly for switching voltages, comprising a support for control elements

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly (1) for switching voltages, comprising at least one vacuum interrupter (2) and at least support (2) for placing at least one control element (4) on the at least one vacuum interrupter (2). The at least one support (3) is in the form of a cage.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Arrangement for switching voltages with support for control elements

[0003] The invention relates to an arrangement for switching voltages, with at least one vacuum interrupter and with at least one carrier for arranging at least one control element on the at least one vacuum interrupter.

[0004] Arrangements for switching voltages include, for example, vacuum interrupters or vacuum switches, which serve as switching elements in circuit breakers. A vacuum interrupter comprises switching contacts that can be moved relative to one another and are arranged in a vacuum interrupter chamber, i.e. in an evacuated chamber. In high-voltage technology, such vacuum interrupters are used for switching voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular greater than or equal to 52 kV, and / or for switching large currents in the range of up to several tens of kiloamperes. Vacuum interrupters, in particular those included in switching arrangements, are low-maintenance, durable and are driven simply and reliably, in particular via motors and / or spring-loaded drives. For high voltage requirements, arrangements with several vacuum interrupters are used, for example, whose switching paths are electrically connected in series, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2013 208 419 A1.Alternatively, vacuum interrupters with several switching paths are used, particularly in one vacuum interrupter.

[0005] In the case of multiple vacuum interrupters and / or vacuum interrupters with multiple switching paths, the aim is to achieve a voltage distribution adapted to the vacuum interrupters when the switching paths of the vacuum interrupters are open, i.e., to prevent overloading of individual vacuum interrupters or areas of a vacuum interrupter. For example, in the case of multiple vacuum interrupters or switching paths of the same type connected in series, the aim is to achieve the most even voltage distribution possible between the vacuum interrupters or vacuum interrupters or switching paths.

[0006] In order to achieve the desired voltage distribution between the vacuum interrupters or switching paths, passive electrical components such as varistors, resistors, diodes and / or capacitors are connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters as control elements. In the case of, for example, two vacuum interrupters connected in series, the control elements connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters ideally enable a voltage distribution of 50:50 between the vacuum interrupters when the voltage is applied at a steady state. Distortions in the voltage distribution when switching off, e.g. due to currents from, for example, control capacitors or residual currents from, for example, vacuum interrupters, can be diverted by varistors. This prevents overloading of the vacuum interrupters at high voltages and / or currents, and the switching arrangement, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker, is designed to be durable and reliable.

[0007] Components such as control elements, however, increase the installation space for switching arrangements, particularly when arranged in additional housings. Control elements arranged in a housing with the vacuum interrupters must be arranged in such a way that no arcing occurs between control elements and with vacuum interrupters or other components, e.g. the housing. In particular in the case of a vacuum switch with cleaned and dehumidified compressed air, i.e. clean air as the insulating gas surrounding the vacuum interrupter, relatively large insulation distances are necessary between a vacuum interrupter and / or a passive electrical component and, in particular, a metallic switch housing, since the compressed air has a relatively low dielectric strength compared to other insulating gases, such as sulfur hexafluoride. In order to achieve sufficient insulation between vacuum interrupters and circuits with passive components, e.g.For example, it is possible to arrange the vacuum interrupters and connected passive components in different housings. However, these arrangements require a lot of space and are expensive. Alternatively, the control elements can be integrated into insulating parts, in particular ceramic segments of vacuum interrupters, or they can be arranged directly on the ceramic segments with mechanical contact. This results in a high level of structure complexity, with high design and assembly effort, coupled with high costs and time spent assembling a vacuum interrupter. Furthermore, the control elements can be cast in a housing which surrounds the vacuum interrupter. In this case, heat dissipation of waste heat from the vacuum interrupter when switched on is difficult or reduced.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of specifying an arrangement for switching voltages with at least one vacuum interrupter, which can be controlled and has a small space requirement, is low in complexity, can be assembled easily and inexpensively, and is durable, with high reliability and with good heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter.

[0009] This object is achieved according to the invention by an arrangement for switching voltages having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the arrangement for switching voltages according to the invention are specified in the subclaims. Subject matter of the main claim can be combined with features of subclaims, and features of the subclaims can be combined with one another.

[0010] An arrangement according to the invention for switching voltages comprises at least one vacuum interrupter and at least one support for arranging at least one control element on the at least one vacuum interrupter. The at least one support is cage-shaped.

[0011] The use of a cage-shaped carrier enables control elements to be arranged simply, quickly and cost-effectively on a vacuum interrupter, in particular with a distance of the control elements from the vacuum interrupter, for example in the range of millimeters or centimeters. The carrier can be prefabricated or assembled, which enables the arrangement according to the invention to be assembled quickly and easily by arranging the cage-shaped carrier, in particular around the vacuum interrupter. The cage shape enables better heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter to the environment compared with a solid, in particular closed, carrier. Especially at high currents, large amounts of heat can be generated in or on the vacuum interrupter, which can lead to damage or even destruction of the vacuum interrupter.Good heat transfer from the vacuum interrupter enables reliable, long-term stable operation of the vacuum interrupter even at high currents.

[0012] The at least one support may comprise rods, in particular with a circular and / or elliptical cross-section. Rods are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, easy to process, and can be easily and quickly assembled into a cage.

[0013] The rods can consist of or comprise an insulator material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), Teflon and / or PCTFE. Rods made of an insulator material, in particular the materials described above, enable a cage which does not result in electrical arcing along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter. The at least one carrier can comprise metallic shields, in particular circular and / or hollow cylindrical shields, in particular made of copper, aluminum and / or steel. Control elements can be electrically contacted and connected via the shields of the carrier, in particular via elements of the vacuum interrupter such as metal shields or shield elements. Circular and / or hollow cylindrical shields of the carrier can be arranged simply and well around the circumference of a vacuum interrupter. The use of highly conductive materials, in particular metals such as e.g.Copper, aluminum and / or steel enable good electrical contact between control elements of the carrier and, in particular, shielding elements of the vacuum interrupter, with the advantages described above.

[0014] The at least one control element and / or rods can be arranged between screens. Thus, a cage-shaped support can be formed simply and cost-effectively by assembling or arranging control elements and / or rods between screens.

[0015] The at least one vacuum interrupter can comprise shielding elements which can be electrically contacted with the shields of the at least one carrier, in particular via electrically conductive springs. The springs enable reliable electrical contact to be made inexpensively, simply and durably, even in the event of vibrations. When the carrier is arranged on the vacuum interrupter, springs enable good, reversibly detachable electrical contact, which can be formed simply and quickly, in particular automatically during arrangement. The control elements can be connected simply, inexpensively and with long-term stability via the shielding elements of the vacuum interrupter and the shields of the carrier, with the advantages described above.Control of vacuum interrupters, in particular those connected in series, via control elements of the supports assigned to the vacuum interrupters is thus possible in a simple, cost-effective and reliable manner, with a compact design of the arrangement according to the invention.

[0016] The at least one control element can be or comprise at least one capacitor and / or at least one resistor and / or at least one varistor. Capacitors, diodes and resistors are well suited for shutting down or for setting a desired voltage distribution between vacuum interrupters and / or across a vacuum interrupter. Varistors are particularly well suited for diverting residual currents during shutdown, i.e. switching off a vacuum interrupter, thereby preventing damage or even destruction. Control elements which comprise or are capacitors, diodes and / or electrical resistors and / or varistors are therefore well suited to enabling vacuum interrupters to be shut down.

[0017] The at least one carrier can be designed such that the carrier can be pushed and / or displaced, in particular reversibly, over the at least one vacuum interrupter. This enables a simple, cost-effective and reversible arrangement of the carrier on or, in particular, around the circumference of the vacuum interrupter. This enables simple and cost-effective assembly of the arrangement according to the invention, and with a reversible arrangement, parts can be replaced easily and cost-effectively, for example during maintenance work. This enables simple maintenance, which increases the reliability and longevity of the arrangement according to the invention.

[0018] The at least one support can be segmented, in particular composed of half-shell-shaped cage segments. The use of half-shell-shaped segments, in particular, enables simple, cost-effective, and rapid assembly, with the advantages described above, even for supports that cannot be slid over a vacuum interrupter. The segments can also have other shapes; for example, quarter-shell or other segments can be used instead of half-shells.

[0019] The at least one vacuum interrupter can comprise at least one shell and at least one fixed contact as well as at least one movable contact, wherein the at least one shell can comprise at least one ceramic segment, at least one bellows, at least one shielding element and / or at least one metal shield. Such a construction enables a simple and cost-effective vacuum interrupter, which can, for example, be soldered or whose parts can be assembled by soldering. The shielding elements and / or metal shields enable contacting and interconnection of control elements, as described above, with the advantages described above.

[0020] At least two vacuum interrupters may be included, which may be connected in series or in parallel. The previously described advantages of the control and the support with control elements for a respective vacuum interrupter apply to the vacuum interrupters themselves, in that segments of a vacuum interrupter are controlled, and apply to several vacuum interrupters, wherein, in particular, the vacuum interrupters can additionally be controlled from one another or from one another.

[0021] The arrangement can comprise a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular designed for switching voltages in the range of greater than and / or equal to 52 kV . The advantages described above apply in particular to high-voltage circuit breakers and / or at high voltages and currents . At high voltages, a series connection of vacuum interrupters and / or a control circuit may be necessary in order to be able to switch a voltage reliably and with long-term stability . Furthermore, at high currents, cooling of the vacuum interrupter and heat dissipation away from the vacuum interrupter can be essential for long-term stable, reliable operation .

[0022] In the following, an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the single figure and described in more detail below.

[0023] The

[0024] Figure schematically shows an arrangement 1 according to the invention for switching voltages in a sectional view along a longitudinal axis of a vacuum interrupter 2, wherein a cage-shaped carrier 3 for arranging control elements 4 is arranged on the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0025] The single figure shows a schematic sectional view of an arrangement 1 according to the invention for switching voltages. The arrangement 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 2 and a carrier 3 with control elements 4 for switching off the vacuum interrupter 2. The control elements 4 are shown schematically in the figure and are, for example, electrical resistors, diodes, capacitors and / or varistors. The control elements are switched in accordance with the design and wiring of the vacuum interrupter 2. For example, two vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in series, in particular arranged one behind the other on a common axis, which is not shown in the figure for the sake of simplicity. The voltage is divided essentially 50:50 between the two vacuum interrupters in such an embodiment, for example.by capacitors connected in series with resistors in parallel to each vacuum interrupter 2, wherein at least one varistor is connected in parallel to the capacitors and resistors connected in series or to the respective vacuum interrupter. In the exemplary embodiment in the single figure, control elements 4 are connected to control a vacuum interrupter 2. The vacuum interrupter 2 comprises a fixed contact 10 and a movable contact 11, which each comprise a cylindrical contact rod or bolt and a disk-shaped contact plate inside the vacuum interrupter 2, wherein the contact rods project from the inside into the outside of the vacuum interrupter for electrical contact with the vacuum interrupter 2, and are arranged with their longitudinal axes on a common axis. The movable contact 11 is guided outwards so as to be movable via a bellows 13, which can be made e.g.is arranged on a particularly lid-shaped, circular closure element 17. The fixed contact 10 is guided, in particular centrally, in a gas-tight manner through a second, particularly lid-shaped, circular closure element 17 and is firmly soldered to it. Other fastening methods, such as clamping, gluing, welding, and / or screwing, are also possible.

[0026] The fixed and movable contacts 10, 11 are made of copper, aluminum and / or steel, for example, to be electrically conductive. The vacuum interrupter is switched, in particular switched on and off, by moving the movable contact 11, in particular driven by a drive such as a motor and / or a spring-loaded drive and elements of a kinematic chain, e.g. a drive rod and gear elements. The drive and the elements of the kinematic chain are not shown in the figure for the sake of simplicity. When switched on, the movable contact 11 is moved towards the fixed contact 10 until both contacts 10, 11 are in electrical and mechanical contact, i.e. the current path across the contacts 10 and 11 is closed.When switched off, the movable contact 11 is moved away from the fixed contact 10 until a gap exists between the contacts 10 and 11 which is sufficient to interrupt the electrical contact without arcing between the contacts 10, 11, i.e. the current path across the contacts 10 and 11 is opened or interrupted. For switching voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV, i.e. at high voltage, a gap of up to a few centimeters is necessary, for example.

[0027] Contacts 10 and 11 are spatially enclosed by a vacuum. For this purpose, contacts 10 and 11 are arranged in a casing 9 of vacuum interrupter 2, which is vacuum-tight and evacuated inside. In the area of ​​contacts 10 and 11, casing 9 comprises, for example, a metal shield as main shield 14, e.g. made of steel, aluminum, and / or copper. Metal shield 14 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, with rounded ends to prevent voltage spikes at the ends. The ends protrude, for example, into the vacuum interrupter and are designed as vapor shields. Metal shield 14 spatially encloses contacts 10, 11.

[0028] Ceramic segments 12 are connected to each end of the metal shield 14 in a vacuum-tight manner, in particular by soldering. The ceramic segments 12 are, for example, hollow cylindrical in shape with a circular cross-section. In the exemplary embodiment of the single figure, for example, two ceramic segments 12 are arranged on each side of the metal shield 14. Alternatively, all ceramic segments 12 can be arranged on one side of the metal shield 14, or one, three, or more ceramic segments 12 can be arranged on each side of the metal shield 14. The structure of the vacuum interrupter can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, e.g., with a different number of ceramic segments 12 on each side and / or ceramic segments 12 of different lengths.The casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2 is sealed in a vacuum-tight manner by the closure elements 17, in particular made of copper, aluminum and / or steel, on each side in connection with the contacts 10, 11, and on the side of the movable contact 11 in connection with the bellows 13, which, for example, consists of steel and / or comprises steel. For example, shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 are arranged between ceramic segments 12, in particular one shielding element 7 between each two adjacent ceramic segments 12. For example, at least one shielding element 7 is arranged between all adjacent ceramic segments 12, or ceramic segments 12 can be omitted, and shielding elements 7 are arranged only between certain ceramic segments 12, while the remaining ceramic segments 12 are connected to one another, in particular directly, for example via solder or tin solder. Shielding elements 7 are, for example, hollow-cylindrical orThey are designed like hat brims and protrude a few millimeters to several centimeters beyond the outer circumference of the ceramic segments 7. Inside the vacuum interrupter 2, the shielding elements 7 can each be designed as a vapor shield. The elements of the casing 9, such as the main shield 14, the shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, the ceramic segments 12, the closure elements 17, and the bellows 13, are soldered to one another, in particular with solder, and connected to the fixed contact 10 by soldering, in particular with solder. Other connection options include gluing, clamping, screwing, pressing, and / or welding.

[0029] The vacuum interrupter 2 is fixedly mounted or held, in particular at the ends, by at least one holder 15, 16. The holder 15 on the side of the fixed contact 10 is, for example, cylindrical and made of a metal, in particular copper, steel and / or aluminum. The fixed contact 10 is, for example, firmly connected to the holder 15, e.g., screwed into the holder 15. Alternatively, the contact 10 can be guided through the holder 15 to an external electrical connection, which is not shown in the single figure for the sake of simplicity. The holder 16 of the movable contact 11 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical and made of a metal, in particular copper, steel and / or aluminum. Alternatively, the holders 15, 16 can be made of a plastic, e.g., plastic, PTFE, PCTFE, or a composite material, in particular GRP, i.e., fiber-reinforced plastic.The movable contact 11 is movably guided by the holder 16, in particular to an external electrical connection, which is not shown in the single figure for the sake of simplicity. The holders 15, 16 are arranged, for example, in an external housing, e.g., a control cabinet, a GIS housing, a grounded metal tank, or a particularly ribbed insulator housing, which is also not shown in the single figure for the sake of simplicity.

[0030] As shown in the single figure, the vacuum interrupter 2 is spatially enclosed by the carrier 3 according to the invention. The carrier 3 is cage-shaped, a cage being a closed container whose sides are perforated. The carrier 3 comprises control elements 4 and, for example, rods 5, which are arranged between shields 6. The carrier 3 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, wherein the free spaces on the cylinder jacket between the elements of the carrier 3, in particular the control elements 4, rods 5 and / or shields 6, result in the perforation. The rods 5 are, for example, elongated, cylindrical in shape, with a particularly circular and / or elliptical cross-section, and comprise or consist of, for example, insulating material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, Teflon and / or PCTFE. The shields 6 are, for example,metallic shields 6 made of highly electrically conductive copper, aluminum, and / or steel, or comprise copper, aluminum, and / or steel. The shields 6 can also be or comprise insulators, whereby the control elements 4 can be connected, for example, via electrical lines, which is not shown in the single figure for the sake of simplicity.

[0031] The shields 6 are, for example, disc-shaped, i.e., circular and / or hollow-cylindrical, with a hole in the center, in particular in the manner of a hat brim or washer. Their thickness can range, for example, from the millimeter range up to a few centimeters. To prevent excessive voltages, the shields 6 are rounded at the edges, in particular on the outer circumference. On the inner circumference, for example, electrically conductive springs 8 or spring elements are arranged to enable good electrical contact between shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and shields 6 of the carrier 3. The springs 8 comprise, for example, leaf and / or helical springs, in particular made of highly conductive steel, copper and / or aluminum.

[0032] The screens 6 are arranged in the support 3, for example, in such a way that the flat plane of the screens 6 is congruent with a horizontal sectional plane through a support 3, in particular a circular-cylindrical one, i.e. parallel to the top and base surface of the support 3, in particular a circular-cylindrical one, i.e. perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. In particular, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support 3, the rods 5 are arranged with their respective longitudinal axes between the screens 6, e.g. at regular intervals on the outer circumference of the support 3. For example, two, three, four or more rods can be arranged at equal intervals from one another along the circumference of the support, on common axes along the longitudinal axis of the support, or offset from one another between different screens 6. Alternatively, the rods 5 can also be arranged irregularly along the outer circumference of the support 3. The rods 5 are, for example, screwed, glued, clamped, welded and / or soldered to the screens 6.Rods 5 are arranged on the umbrellas 6, for example, offset inwards from the outer circumference of the umbrellas 6, in particular by millimeters.

[0033] The carrier 3 is for arranging and / or connecting control elements 4 to the vacuum interrupter 2 or to vacuum interrupters 2. For the sake of simplicity, the exemplary embodiment in the single figure shows a single vacuum interrupter 2 with a single carrier 3. The basic principle of the carrier 3 or multiple carriers 3 arranged along vacuum interrupters 2 can be transferred to multiple vacuum interrupters 2. The control elements 4 are arranged between shields 6 as an alternative or in addition to rods 5. Control elements 4 are, for example, capacitors, i.e., control capacitors, resistors, diodes, and / or varistors. An electrical circuit or connection of the control elements 4 to the vacuum interrupter 2 comprises, for example, capacitors in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2.Alternatively or additionally, capacitors and resistors can be connected in series, arranged and / or interconnected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Varistors can be arranged and / or interconnected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, e.g., in parallel to capacitors and / or resistors and / or to series-connected capacitors and resistors.

[0034] The control elements 4 are fastened to the shields 6 in a similar way to the rods 5, e.g. by soldering, welding, clamping, gluing and / or screwing, and are in particular electrically connected to the shields 6 or interconnected via them, wherein electrical contact can be created via springs 8 with shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and thus with vapor shields inside the vacuum interrupter 2, in the case of metallic shields 6. Control elements 4 can be arranged in addition to rods 5 or as an alternative to rods 5, wherein the control elements 4 replace the rods 5. The control elements 4 are, for example, fastened directly to the shields 6 or via intermediate pieces, in particular with good electrical conductivity. The arrangement of rods 5 and / or control elements 4 in or on the support 3 is regular, e.g. along common longitudinal axes and / or at regular intervals, in particular parallel to one another. Alternatively, an arrangement is made in or .on the support 3 offset from one another, i.e. between different pairs of screens 6, rods 5 and / or control elements 4 are located on different longitudinal axes, e.g. offset by equal distances or irregularly offset by different distances along the circumference of the support 3. The rods 5 and / or control elements 4 can also be arranged obliquely, in particular on axes with an angle other than zero, e.g. 45 degrees, to the longitudinal axis of the support 3.

[0035] The carrier 3 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, with an inner diameter that is larger, in particular millimeters to centimeters larger in circumference and / or diameter, than the outer diameter of the vacuum interrupter 2. The shape of a recess or the cavity inside the carrier 3 is, for example, complementary or substantially complementary to the outer shape of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular in the region of the ceramic segments 12, the metal shield 14, the shield elements 7 and at least one closure element 17 of the vacuum interrupter 2. The carrier 3 is thus designed to spatially enclose the vacuum interrupter 2 and can, for example, be pushed over the vacuum interrupter 2 during assembly of the arrangement 1. A holder 15 or 16, in particular the first holder 15 of the fixed contact 10 of the vacuum interrupter 2, is mechanically connected to the carrier 3, for example, elements of the carrier 3 such as, for example,Rods 5 and / or control elements 4 are screwed, glued, soldered, welded, or clamped to the holder 15 or 16. The holder 15 or 16 can also be part of the support 3. In the exemplary embodiment of the single figure, the cage-shaped support 3 or elements of the support, such as rods 5 and / or control elements 4, are mechanically connected to the vacuum interrupter 2 via the holder 15 or are mechanically stably mounted around the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0036] The carrier 3 is open on the opposite side of the holder 15 or 16, which is mechanically and stably connected to the carrier 3, for example, so that the vacuum interrupter 2 can be pushed into the carrier during assembly of the arrangement 1 and can be fastened to the holder 15 or 16, for example by screwing, clamping and / or pushing the vacuum interrupter 2 with its in particular fixed contact 10 into the holder 15 or 16 on the carrier 3. The opposite holder 15 or 16 is fastened to the vacuum interrupter 2 in a subsequent step of the assembly or mounting of the arrangement 1, wherein this holder is designed, for example, as a hollow cylinder, whereby the contact 11 is movably mounted in the holder 15 or 16. This enables switching of the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0037] The carrier 3 is, for example, as shown in the single figure, arranged at a distance from the second holder 16 on the side of the vacuum interrupter 2 of the movable contact 11, or is mechanically firmly connected to the second holder 16, e.g. by screwing, clamping, gluing, welding and / or soldering elements of the carrier 3, such as rods 5 and / or control elements 4, in the second holder 16, which is not shown in the single figure for the sake of simplicity. This enables a mechanical, long-term stable arrangement of the carrier 3 around the vacuum interrupter 2. The control elements 4 of the carrier 3 are electrically connected to one another and to the vacuum interrupter 2, for example, via the metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and the shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular via electrically conductive springs or spring elements 8, via the metallic main shield 14, and / or e.g.via at least one holder 15, 16, in particular in connection with the contacts 10 and / or 11 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Further connection options can be provided, e.g. via electrically conductive spacers, electrical cables and / or metallic rods 5. The control elements 4 are controlled and / or regulated, for example, in a self-regulating manner or via an external electrical control and / or further electrical components such as resistors, coils, capacitors, diodes and / or semiconductor devices or semiconductor chips. For electrical contacting of metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular via electrically conductive springs or spring elements 8, it is advantageous to make the distances between metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 identical, e.g. with identical distances in the range of, in particular, centimeters.For this purpose, rods 5 and / or control elements 4, which are each arranged between two shields 6, can have the same length as ceramic segments 12 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Ceramic segments 12 have, for example, a length and a circumference in the range of centimeters. This results in the vacuum interrupter 2, for example, a length in the range of, in particular, 30 to 100 centimeters, and a circumference in the range of, in particular, 10 to 100 centimeters. The dimensions of the carrier 3 are in the same range, with the carrier 3 having a larger circumference than the vacuum interrupter 2.

[0038] Control elements 4 are, for example, capacitors, resistors, diodes and / or varistors, the capacitors being, in particular, ceramic capacitors, for example with values ​​of the capacitance of individual capacitors in the range from 10 to 4000 pF. This results in a total capacitance of the arrangement in the range from, for example, 10 to 4000 pF. Resistors are, in particular, ohmic resistors, for example with values ​​of individual resistors in the range of a few ohms, or a few hundred ohms, or a few thousand ohms, or up to a few hundred thousand ohms. This results in a total resistance in the range of a few ohms, or a few hundred ohms, or a few thousand ohms, or up to a few hundred thousand ohms. The control elements 4 have, for example, a cylindrical, rectangular, elliptical and / or shell shape.

[0039] The control elements 4 allow voltages to be diverted via vacuum interrupters 2. Vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in series, particularly for switching high voltages in the range of greater than or equal to 52 kV. Alternatively or additionally, vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in parallel, particularly for switching high currents in the range of several hundred amperes.

[0040] Voltages can be distributed evenly or differently, in a predetermined manner, via the selection of the control elements 4 and their interconnection to the vacuum interrupter 2 and / or vacuum interrupters 2, and / or to elements of the vacuum interrupters 2, such as ceramic segments 12 of different lengths. The arrangement of the control elements 4 on the vacuum interrupter 2 or the vacuum interrupters 2 via one or more supports 3 enables a compact, space-saving design, which enables a cost-effective, spatially minimized housing, and in particular the use of insulating gases, such as clean air, i.e. purified air, with small or minimized and / or standard dimensions of housings.

[0041] The previously described embodiments can be combined with each other and / or with the prior art. For example, the support 3 and / or the vacuum interrupter 2 can be cylindrical, with a circular cross-section, or other shapes, such as rectangular, cylindrical with an elliptical cross-section, or spherical. The rods 5 can have the same or different lengths and / or cross-sections. The cross-section can be circular, elliptical, or rectangular, for example. The rods 5 are made, for example, of a plastic, in particular GRP, a metal and / or Teflon, PCTFE, glass, and / or ceramic. The contacts 10, 11 are, for example, at least one fixed and at least one movable contact, or two movable contacts, made, for example, of copper, aluminum, and / or steel, with a bolt-shaped part and a plate-shaped part. The plate-shaped part is, for example, provided with slots on its surface to guide arcs.A carrier 3 is arranged, for example, around a vacuum interrupter 2, or around a plurality of vacuum interrupters 2, in particular those connected in series. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of carriers 3 can be arranged around one another, and / or next to one another and / or one behind the other, in particular in the case of vacuum interrupters 2 connected in series and / or in parallel. The vacuum interrupter 2 or vacuum interrupters 2 are firmly supported or held, in particular at the ends, by one, two or more holders. The carrier 3 is fastened to at least one holder. Alternatively, the carrier 3 is supported, for example, by springs, in particular electrically conductive springs 8. Further or alternative elements for fastening the carrier 3 to the vacuum interrupter 2 are possible, and / or the carrier 3 is supported, for example,by direct contact of the shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter and metallic shields of the support 6, and / or by direct contact of metallic shields 6 of the support 3 and / or rods 5 with elements of the casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular ceramic segments 12, main shield 14 and / or closure elements 17.

[0042] Reference symbol list

[0043] 1 Arrangement for switching voltages

[0044] 2 vacuum interrupters

[0045] 3 carriers

[0046] 4 Control

[0047] 5 bars

[0048] 6 metallic shield of the wearer

[0049] 7 Shielding element of the vacuum interrupter

[0050] 8 electrically conductive spring

[0051] 9 Cover

[0052] 10 fixed contact

[0053] 11 movable contact

[0054] 12 ceramic segments

[0055] 13 Bellows

[0056] 14 Metal umbrella / main umbrella

[0057] 15 first bracket (fixed contact)

[0058] 16 second bracket (movable contact)

[0059] 17 Closure element

Claims

Patent claims 1. Arrangement (1) for switching voltages, with at least one vacuum interrupter (2) and with at least one carrier (3) for arranging at least one control element (4) on the at least one vacuum interrupter (2), characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is cage-shaped.

2. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one support (3) comprises rods (5), in particular with a circular and / or elliptical cross-section.

3. Arrangement (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the rods (5) consist of an insulating material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Teflon and / or PCTFE or comprise insulating material.

4. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) comprises metallic shields (6), in particular circular and / or hollow cylindrical shields (6), in particular made of copper, aluminum and / or steel.

5. Arrangement (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one control element (4) and / or rods (5) are arranged between screens (6).

6. Arrangement (1) according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the at least one vacuum interrupter (2) comprises shielding elements (7) which are electrically contacted with the shields (6) of the at least one carrier (3) in particular via electrically conductive springs (8).

7. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one control element ment (4) is or comprises at least one capacitor and / or at least one resistor and / or at least one varistor.

8. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is designed such that the carrier (3) is in particular reversibly slidable and / or displaceable over the at least one vacuum interrupter (2).

9. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one carrier (3) is designed in a segmental manner, in particular composed of half-shell-shaped cage segments.

10. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one vacuum interrupter (2) comprises at least one casing (9) and at least one fixed contact (10) and at least one movable contact (11), wherein the at least one casing (9) comprises at least one ceramic segment (12), at least one bellows (13), at least one shielding element (7) and / or at least one metal shield (14).

11. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two vacuum interrupters (2) are included, which are connected in series or in parallel.

12. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement (1) comprises a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular designed to switch voltages in the range of greater than and / or equal to 52 kV.

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