Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase / phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibitor combinations and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INSILICO MEDICINE IP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-13
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Figure CN2024103876_09012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ECTONUCLEOTIDE PYROPHOSPHATASE / PHOSPHODIESTERASE 1 (ENPP1) INHIBITOR COMBINATIONS AND USES THEREOF
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE
[0002] This patent application claims the benefit of International Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 106187, filed July 6, 2023; which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND
[0003] Ectonucleotide pyrophosphate / phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) catalyzes the breakdown of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PPi) -an important inhibitor of tissue calcification. In particular, ENPP1 degrades cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) , a secondary messenger molecule that mediates the upregulation of type I interferons and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by activating stimulator of interferon genes (STING) .
[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for agents that inhibit the enzymatic activities of ENPP1 to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with ENPP1 activity, such as cancer.SUMMARY
[0005] Disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0006] (a) a compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
[0007] wherein:
[0008] Ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0009] L is a bond, -NH-, or -O-;
[0010] each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0011] or two R1 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0012] n is 0-6;
[0013] R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0014] R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0015] is a single bond or a double bond; wherein:
[0016] when is a double bond, X is N or CRX and Y is N or CRY;
[0017] when is a single bond, X is C (=O) and Y is NRY1 or C (RY2) 2;
[0018] RX is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0019] RY is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0020] RY1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0021] each RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0022] Ring B is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0023] each R4 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0024] or two R4 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0025] m is 0-4;
[0026] R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0027] R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0028] each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0029] or two Ra are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0030] each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0031] or two Rb are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0032] Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0033] or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; and
[0034] each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OCH3, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0035] or two R on the same atom form an oxo;
[0036] and
[0037] (b) an additional agent,
[0038] wherein the combined amount of the compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent is therapeutically effective for treating the cancer.
[0039] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0040] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0041] (b) an additional agent.
[0042] In another aspect provided herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0043] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0044] (b) an anti-PD-1 or an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
[0045] In another aspect provided herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0046] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0047] (b) cisplatin.
[0048] In another aspect provided herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0049] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0050] (b) docetaxel.
[0051] In some embodiments, the cancer is a primary leukemia, hematological malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , glioma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , bladder cancer, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, osteosarcoma, head and neck cancer, myxoid chondrosarcoma, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or mesothelioma.
[0052] In some embodiments, the cancer is liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, biliary tract cancer, cervical cancer, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) B-lineage, lymphoma, or T cell leukemia.
[0053] In some embodiments, the additional agent is a KAT6A inhibitor, a DGKA inhibitor, a PARP inhibitor, a CHK1 inhibitor, a MDM2 inhibitor, a hypomethylating agent, an mTOR inhibitor, an ATM inhibitor, a CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, a PRMT5 inhibitor, a PRMT1 inhibitor, an ATR inhibitor, a WEE1 inhibitor, an APE1 inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a taxane, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a CDK7 inhibitor, a CDK9 inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antimetabolite, an AURORA inhibitor, a microtubule stabilizer, a DNA cross-linker, a vinca alkaloid, an alkylating agent, a PRMT6 inhibitor, a PRMT7 inhibitor, a PRMT9 inhibitor, a KRAS inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VEGFR inhibitor, an aromatase inhibitor, a mitotic inhibitor, a radiopharmaceutical agent, a cytotoxic agent, or any combination thereof.
[0054] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:
[0055] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0056] (b) an immune checkpoint inhibitor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0057] The features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0058] FIG. 1 shows the body weight changes after administering Compound 73 and anti-mPD-1 to female C57BL / 6 mice bearing MC38 tumors.
[0059] FIG. 2 shows tumor volume traces after administering Compound 73 and anti-mPD-1 to female C57BL / 6 mice bearing MC38 tumors..
[0060] FIG. 3 shows the body weight changes after administering Compound 73 and cisplatin to female BALB / c mice bearing EMT6 tumors..
[0061] FIG. 4 shows the tumor volume traces after administering Compound 73 and cisplatin to female BALB / c mice bearing EMT6 tumors..
[0062] FIG 5 shows the body weight changes after administering Compound 73, docetaxel and cisplatin to female BALB / c mice bearing 4T1 tumors.
[0063] FIG. 6 shows the tumor volume traces after administering Compound 73, docetaxel and cisplatin to female BALB / c mice bearing 4T1 tumors.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0064] Definitions
[0065] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.
[0066] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to. ” Further, headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.
[0067] Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in this application have the definitions given below. The use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “include” , “includes, ” and “included, ” is not limiting. The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.
[0068] Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Also, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0069] The terms below, as used herein, have the following meanings, unless indicated otherwise:
[0070] “oxo” refers to =O.
[0071] “Carboxyl” refers to -COOH.
[0072] “Cyano” refers to -CN.
[0073] “Alkyl” refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon monoradical having from one to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2, 2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-amyl and hexyl, and longer alkyl groups, such as heptyl, octyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C1-C6 alkyl” or “C1-6alkyl” , means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkyl” where no numerical range is designated. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-10alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-5alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-4alkyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is a C1-3alkyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0074] “Alkenyl” refers to a straight-chain, or branched-chain hydrocarbon monoradical having one or more carbon-carbon double-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to about six carbon atoms. The group may be in either the cis or trans conformation about the double bond (s) , and should be understood to include both isomers. Examples include, but are not limited to ethenyl (-CH=CH2) , 1-propenyl (-CH2CH=CH2) , isopropenyl [-C (CH3) =CH2] , butenyl, 1, 3-butadienyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6 alkenyl” or “C2-6alkenyl” , means that the alkenyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkenyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkenyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0075] “Alkynyl” refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon monoradical having one or more carbon-carbon triple-bonds and having from two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably from two to about six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1, 3-butadiynyl and the like. Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “C2-C6 alkynyl” or “C2-6alkynyl” , means that the alkynyl group may consist of 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms or 6 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term “alkynyl” where no numerical range is designated. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkynyl group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkynyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0076] “Alkylene” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylene group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkylene is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkylene is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkylene is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0077] “Alkoxy” refers to a radical of the formula -ORa where Ra is an alkyl radical as defined. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkoxy group may be optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkoxy is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0078] “Aryl” refers to a radical derived from a hydrocarbon ring system comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. The aryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, the aryl is bonded through an aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-to 10-membered aryl. In some embodiments, the aryl is a 6-membered aryl (phenyl) . Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from the hydrocarbon ring systems of anthrylene, naphthylene, phenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the aryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0079] “Cycloalkyl” refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the cycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to fifteen carbon atoms (C3-C15 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl or a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkenyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0080] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro or chloro. In some embodiments, halogen is fluoro.
[0081] “Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1, 2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1, 2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
[0082] “Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more hydroxyls. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one hydroxyl. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one, two, or three hydroxyls. Hydroxyalkyl include, for example, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, or hydroxypentyl. In some embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl is hydroxymethyl.
[0083] “Aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more amines. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one amine. In some embodiments, the alkyl is substituted with one, two, or three amines. Aminoalkyl include, for example, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl, or aminopentyl. In some embodiments, the aminoalkyl is aminomethyl.
[0084] “Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more skeletal atoms of the alkyl are selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. In one aspect, a heteroalkyl is a C1-C6 heteroalkyl wherein the heteroalkyl is comprised of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen (e.g. -NH-, -N (alkyl) -) , sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof wherein the heteroalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule at a carbon atom of the heteroalkyl. Examples of such heteroalkyl are, for example, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, -CH (CH3) OCH3, -CH2NHCH3, -CH2N (CH3) 2, -CH2CH2NHCH3, or -CH2CH2N (CH3) 2. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0085] “Heterocycloalkyl” refers to a 3-to 24-membered partially or fully saturated ring radical comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and from one to 8 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, silicon, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl comprises one nitrogen and one oxygen. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocycloalkyl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the heterocycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heterocycloalkyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. Representative heterocycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, heterocycloalkyls having from two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C15 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to ten carbon atoms (C2-C10 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C10 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C8 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to seven carbon atoms (C2-C7 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C7 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C6 heterocycloalkenyl) , from two to five carbon atoms (C2-C5 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C5 heterocycloalkenyl) , or two to four carbon atoms (C2-C4 fully saturated heterocycloalkyl or C2-C4 heterocycloalkenyl) . Examples of such heterocycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, thienyl [1, 3] dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trithianyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl, 1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-oxo-1, 3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl, and 2-oxo-1, 3-dioxol-4-yl. The term heterocycloalkyl also includes all ring forms of the carbohydrates, including but not limited to the monosaccharides, the disaccharides, and the oligosaccharides. In some embodiments, heterocycloalkyls have from 2 to 10 carbons in the ring. It is understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocycloalkyl, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocycloalkyl is not the same as the total number of atoms (including the heteroatoms) that make up the heterocycloalkyl (i.e. skeletal atoms of the heterocycloalkyl ring) . In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 8-membered fully saturated heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 7-membered fully saturated heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 4-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered fully saturated heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 4-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered heterocycloalkenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocycloalkyl may be optionally substituted as described below, for example, with oxo, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with oxo, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0086] “Heteroaryl” refers to a 5-to 14-membered ring system radical comprising one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one to three nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one or two nitrogens. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl comprises one nitrogen. The heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring, the heteroaryl is bonded through an aromatic ring atom) or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a 5-membered heteroaryl. Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxepinyl, 1, 4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl) , benzotriazolyl, benzo [4, 6] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl) . Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl may be optionally substituted, for example, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and the like. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF3, -OH, -OMe, -NH2, or -NO2. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF3, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
[0087] The term “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means either “alkyl” or “substituted alkyl” as defined above. Further, an optionally substituted group may be un-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH3) , fully substituted (e.g., -CF2CF3) , mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and mono-substituted (e.g., -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, -CF2CH3, -CFHCHF2, etc. ) . It will be understood by those skilled in the art with respect to any group containing one or more substituents that such groups are not intended to introduce any substitution or substitution patterns that are sterically impractical and / or synthetically non-feasible. Thus, any substituents described should generally be understood as having a maximum molecular weight of about 1,000 daltons, and more typically, up to about 500 daltons.
[0088] The terms “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount, ” as used herein, refer to a sufficient amount of an agent or a compound, or a combination of agents or compounds being administered, which will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disease or condition being treated. The result includes reduction and / or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease, or any other desired alteration of a biological system. For example, an “effective amount” for therapeutic uses is the amount of the composition comprising a compound as disclosed herein required to provide a clinically significant decrease in disease symptoms. An appropriate “effective” amount in any individual case is optionally determined using techniques, such as a dose escalation study.
[0089] “Treatment” of an individual (e.g. a mammal, such as a human) or a cell is any type of intervention used in an attempt to alter the natural course of the individual or cell. In some embodiments, treatment includes administration of a pharmaceutical composition, subsequent to the initiation of a pathologic event or contact with an etiologic agent and includes stabilization of the condition (e.g., condition does not worsen) or alleviation of the condition.
[0090] The term “acceptable” with respect to a formulation, composition or ingredient, as used herein, means having no persistent detrimental effect on the general health of the subject being treated.
[0091] The terms “administer, ” “administering, ” “administration, ” and the like, as used herein, refer to the methods that may be used to enable delivery of compounds or compositions to the desired site of biological action. These methods include, but are not limited to oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion) , topical and rectal administration. Those of skill in the art are familiar with administration techniques that can be employed with the compounds and methods described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds and compositions described herein are administered orally.
[0092] The terms “enhance” or “enhancing, ” as used herein, means to increase or prolong either in potency or duration a desired effect. Thus, in regard to enhancing the effect of therapeutic agents, the term “enhancing” refers to the ability to increase or prolong, either in potency or duration, the effect of other therapeutic agents on a system. An “enhancing-effective amount, ” as used herein, refers to an amount adequate to enhance the effect of another therapeutic agent in a desired system.
[0093] The term “subject” or “patient” encompasses mammals. Examples of mammals include, but are not limited to, any member of the Mammalian class: humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees, and other apes and monkey species; farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine; domestic animals such as rabbits, dogs, and cats; laboratory animals including rodents, such as rats, mice and guinea pigs, and the like. In one aspect, the mammal is a human.
[0094] The terms “treat, ” “treating” or “treatment, ” as used herein, include alleviating, abating or ameliorating at least one symptom of a disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition.
[0095] The term “about” means within a statistically meaningful range of a value, such as a stated concentration range, time frame, molecular weight, particle size, temperature, or pH. Such a range can be within an order of magnitude, typically within 10%, more typically within 5%, and even more typically within 3%of the indicated value or range. Sometimes, such a range can be within the experimental error typical of standard methods used for the measurement and / or determination of a given value or range. The allowable variation encompassed by the term “about” will depend upon the particular system under study, and can be readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. Whenever a range is recited within this application, every whole number integer within the range is also contemplated as an embodiment of the invention.
[0096] An “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound administered to a mammalian subject, either as a single dose or as part of a series of doses, which is effective to produce a desired therapeutic effect.
[0097] “Treatment” of an individual (e.g. a mammal, such as a human) or a cell is any type of intervention used in an attempt to alter the natural course of the individual or cell. In some embodiments, treatment includes administration of a pharmaceutical composition, subsequent to the initiation of a pathologic event or contact with an etiologic agent and includes stabilization of the condition (e.g., condition does not worsen) or alleviation of the condition.
[0098] As used herein, a “disease or disorder associated with ENPP1” or, alternatively, “a ENPP1-mediated disease or disorder” means any disease or other deleterious condition in which ENPP1, or a mutant thereof, is known or suspected to play a role.
[0099] ENPP1 Inhibitors
[0100] In some embodiments disclosed herein is an ENPP1 inhibitor of Formula (A) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
[0101] wherein:
[0102] Ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0103] L is a bond, -NH-, or -O-;
[0104] each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0105] or two R1 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0106] n is 0-6;
[0107] R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0108] R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0109] is a single bond or a double bond; wherein:
[0110] when is a double bond, X is N or CRX and Y is N or CRY;
[0111] when is a single bond, X is C (=O) and Y is NRY1 or C (RY2) 2;
[0112] RX is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0113] RY is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0114] RY1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0115] each RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0116] R7 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is substituted with one or more R8;
[0117] each R8 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0118] or two R8 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0119] R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0120] R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0121] each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0122] or two Ra are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0123] each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0124] or two Rb are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0125] Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0126] or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; and
[0127] each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OCH3, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl;
[0128] or two R on the same atom form an oxo.
[0129] In some embodiments disclosed herein is an ENPP1 inhibitor of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
[0130] wherein:
[0131] Ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0132] L is a bond, -NH-, or -O-;
[0133] each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0134] or two R1 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0135] n is 0-6;
[0136] R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0137] R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0138] is a single bond or a double bond; wherein:
[0139] when is a double bond, X is N or CRX and Y is N or CRY;
[0140] when is a single bond, X is C (=O) and Y is NRY1 or C (RY2) 2;
[0141] RX is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0142] RY is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0143] RY1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0144] each RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0145] Ring B is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0146] each R4 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0147] or two R4 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0148] m is 0-4;
[0149] R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0150] R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0151] each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0152] or two Ra are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0153] each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0154] or two Rb are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0155] Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0156] or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; and
[0157] each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OCH3, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl;
[0158] or two R on the same atom form an oxo.
[0159] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , the compound is of Formula (Ia) :
[0160] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , X is N and Y is N. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , X is CRX and Y is N. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , X is C (C1-C3alkyl) and Y is N. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , X is N and Y is CRY. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , X is CRX and Y is CRY.
[0161] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is methyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is CD3. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RX is halogen.
[0162] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RY is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RY is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RY is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. n some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RY is hydrogen. n some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ia) , RY is C1-C6alkyl.
[0163] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , the compound is of Formula (Ib) :
[0164] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , Y is NRY1. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , Y is C (RY2) 2.
[0165] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , Y is NRY1. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , Y is C (RY2) 2.
[0166] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , RY1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , RY1 is C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , RY1 is C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3haloalkyl.
[0167] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , each RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , or (Ib) , each RY2 is independently hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl.
[0168] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl.
[0169] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 3-to 12-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 5-or 6-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 3-to 7-membered monocyclic cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 5-to 12-membered bicyclic cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 7-to 12-membered bicyclic cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 9-to 12-membered bicyclic cycloalkyl.
[0170] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 3-to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 5-or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 3-to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 5-to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 7-to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 9-to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S.
[0171] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is aryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is phenyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is heteroaryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is 6 membered monocyclic heteroaryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is pyridinyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is pyridazinyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is pyrimidinyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is pyrazinyl.
[0172] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is a spiro bicyclic ring. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring A is a fused bicyclic ring.
[0173] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , L is a bond. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , L is -NH-. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , L is -O-.
[0174] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R1 is independently halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R1 is independently halogen. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R1 is F.
[0175] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 0-2. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 0 or 1. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 1 or 2. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 0. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 1. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 2. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , n is 3.
[0176] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0177] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0178] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0179] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0180] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R2 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R2 is hydrogen. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R2 is C1-C6alkyl.
[0181] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R3 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R3 is hydrogen. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R3 is C1-C6alkyl.
[0182] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is 5-or 6-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is 5-or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is a fully saturated ring. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is partially saturated ring.
[0183] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is aryl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is aryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is phenyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is heteroaryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl. Ring B is 5-membered heteroaryl. Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is heteroaryl containing 1-3 nitrogen and 0-1 oxygen. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is heteroaryl containing 2-4 nitrogens. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , Ring B is heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 nitrogen.
[0184] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R4 is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R4 is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R4 is independently halogen, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , each R4 is independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0185] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , wherein m is 0-2. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , m is 0 or 1. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , m is 0. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , m is 1. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , m is 2. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , m is 3.
[0186] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0187] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0188] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0189] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , is
[0190] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is hydrogen, -CN, -ORa, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is hydrogen, -CN, -ORa, or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -ORa, or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is -ORa or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is C1-C6alkoxyl or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is C1-C3alkoxyl or C1-C3alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is -ORa. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is C1-C6alkoxyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is OCH3. In some embodiments, the OCH3 is OCD3. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is C1-C3alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is methyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is -CN. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is -O-C1-C3alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R5 is -OMe.
[0191] In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R6 is hydrogen, -CN, or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R6 is hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound of Formula (A) , (I) , (Ia) , or (Ib) , R6 is hydrogen.
[0192] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) ; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) . In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0193] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) ; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) . In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is hydrogen. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rb is independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0194] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkylene (heteroaryl) ; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkylene (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkylene (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) . In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, or cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently hydrogen or C1-C6alkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are hydrogen. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each Rc and Rd are independently C1-C6alkyl.
[0195] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R.
[0196] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OC1-C6alkyl, -NH2, -NHC1-C6alkyl, -N (C1-C6alkyl) 2, -NHC (=O) OC1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) C1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OC1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) N (C1-C6alkyl) 2, -C (=O) NHC1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OC1-C6alkyl, -NH2, -NHC1-C6alkyl, -N (C1-C6alkyl) 2, -NHC (=O) OC1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) C1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OC1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) N (C1-C6alkyl) 2, -C (=O) NHC1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OC1-C6alkyl, -NH2, -C (=O) C1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OC1-C6alkyl, -C (=O) NH2, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl. In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OC1-C6alkyl, -NH2, C1-C6alkyl, or C1-C6haloalkyl.
[0197] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more of R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, RX, RY, RY1, RY2, Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd groups comprise deuterium at a percentage higher than the natural abundance of deuterium.
[0198] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more 1H are replaced with one or more deuteriums in one or more of the following groups R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, RX, RY, RY1, RY2, Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd.
[0199] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, the abundance of deuterium in each of R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, RX, RY, RY1, RY2, Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%by molar.
[0200] In some embodiments of a compound disclosed herein, one or more 1H of Ring A or Ring B are replaced with one or more deuteriums.
[0201] Any combination of the groups described above for the various variables is contemplated herein. Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof are chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds.
[0202] In some embodiments the compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is one of the compounds in Table 1.
[0203] TABLE 1
[0204] In some embodiments the compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the ENPP1 inhibitor is one of the following compounds:
[0205] Further Forms of Compounds Disclosed Herein
[0206] Isomers / Stereoisomers
[0207] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as geometric isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess one or more double bonds. The compounds presented herein include all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E) , and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In some situations, the compounds described herein possess one or more chiral centers and each center exists in the R configuration, or S configuration. The compounds described herein include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as the corresponding mixtures thereof. In additional embodiments of the compounds and methods provided herein, mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereoisomers, resulting from a single preparative step, combination, or interconversion are useful for the applications described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. In some embodiments, dissociable complexes are preferred. In some embodiments, the diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc. ) and are separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities. In some embodiments, the diastereomers are separated by chiral chromatography, or preferably, by separation / resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. In some embodiments, the optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization.
[0208] Isotopically enriched compounds
[0209] Unless otherwise stated, compounds described herein may exhibit their natural isotopic abundance, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes, denoted 1H (protium) , 2H (deuterium) , and 3H (tritium) . Protium is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford some therapeutic advantages, such as increased in vivo half-life and / or exposure, or may provide a compound useful for investigating in vivo routes of drug elimination and metabolism.
[0210] For example, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more particular isotopes. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes that are not predominantly found in nature. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein may be artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from deuterium (2H) , tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C) . In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are artificially enriched in one or more isotopes selected from 2H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 12N, 13N, 15N, 16N, 16O, 17O, 14F, 15F, 16F, 17F, 18F, 33S, 34S, 35S, 36S, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 131I, and 125I. In some embodiments, the abundance of the enriched isotopes is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%by molar.
[0211] In some embodiments, the compound is deuterated in at least one position. In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have some or all of the 1H atoms replaced with 2H atoms.
[0212] The methods of synthesis for deuterium-containing compounds are known in the art and include, by way of non-limiting example only, the procedure described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,846,514 and 6,334,997, and the following synthetic methods. For example, deuterium substituted compounds may be synthesized using various methods such as described in: Dean, Dennis C.; Editor. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Radiolabeled Compounds for Drug Discovery and Development. [In: Curr., Pharm. Des., 2000; 6 (10) ] 2000, 110 pp; George W.; Varma, Rajender S. The Synthesis of Radiolabeled Compounds via Organometallic Intermediates, Tetrahedron, 1989, 45 (21) , 6601-21; and Evans, E. Anthony. Synthesis of radiolabeled compounds, J. Radioanal. Chem., 1981, 64 (1-2) , 9-32. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts
[0213] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts as pharmaceutical compositions.
[0214] In some embodiments, the compounds described herein possess acidic or basic groups and therefore react with any of a number of inorganic or organic bases, and inorganic and organic acids, to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In some embodiments, these salts are prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or stereoisomer thereof, or by separately reacting a purified compound in its free form with a suitable acid or base, and isolating the salt thus formed.
[0215] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those salts prepared by reaction of the compounds described herein with a mineral, organic acid or inorganic base, such salts including, acetate, acrylate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, butyn-1, 4-dioate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caproate, caprylate, chlorobenzoate, chloride, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate, dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hexyne-1, 6-dioate, hydroxybenzoate, γ-hydroxybutyrate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, mandelate metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 1-napthalenesulfonate, 2-napthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propiolate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propanesulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, succinate, suberate, sebacate, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, undecanoate, and xylenesulfonate.
[0216] Further, the compounds described herein can be prepared as pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid, including, but not limited to, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid, and the like; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3- (4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1, 2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo- [2.2.2] oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonic acid, 4, 4’-methylenebis- (3-hydroxy-2-ene-1 - carboxylic acid) , 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid and muconic acid. In some embodiments, other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, are employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds disclosed herein, or stereoisomer thereof and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
[0217] In some embodiments, those compounds described herein which comprise a free acid group react with a suitable base, such as the hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation, with ammonia, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable organic primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine. Representative salts include the alkali or alkaline earth salts, like lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and aluminum salts and the like. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4, and the like.
[0218] Representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine and the like. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups they contain. In some embodiments, water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are obtained by such quaternization.
[0219] Tautomers
[0220] In some situations, compounds exist as tautomers. The compounds described herein include all possible tautomers within the formulas described herein. Tautomers are compounds that are interconvertible by migration of a hydrogen atom, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In bonding arrangements where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. All tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are contemplated. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH.
[0221] Compound 73
[0222] Compound 73 is 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: Compound 73 is an ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibitor. In some embodiments Compound 73 is in the form of a freebase. In some embodiments Compound 73 is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0223] Methods / Combinations
[0224] Disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0225] (a) an ENPP1 inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0226] (b) an additional agent,
[0227] wherein the combined amount of the ENPP1 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent is therapeutically effective for treating the cancer.
[0228] Disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0229] (a) a compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
[0230] wherein:
[0231] Ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0232] L is a bond, -NH-, or -O-;
[0233] each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0234] or two R1 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0235] n is 0-6;
[0236] R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0237] R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0238] is a single bond or a double bond; wherein:
[0239] when is a double bond, X is N or CRX and Y is N or CRY;
[0240] when is a single bond, X is C (=O) and Y is NRY1 or C (RY2) 2;
[0241] RX is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0242] RY is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0243] RY1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0244] each RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0245] Ring B is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0246] each R4 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0247] or two R4 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;
[0248] m is 0-4;
[0249] R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0250] R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
[0251] each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0252] or two Ra are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0253] each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0254] or two Rb are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0255] Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;
[0256] or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; and
[0257] each R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OCH3, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;
[0258] or two R on the same atom form an oxo;
[0259] and
[0260] (b) an additional agent,
[0261] wherein the combined amount of the compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent is therapeutically effective for treating the cancer.
[0262] Disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:
[0263] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0264] (b) an additional agent. In some embodiments, Compound 73 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent are administered in a therapeutically effective amount for treating the cancer. In some embodiments, the combined amount of Compound 73 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent is therapeutically effective for treating the cancer.
[0265] In some embodiments, the cancer is a primary leukemia, hematological malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , glioma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , bladder cancer, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, osteosarcoma, head and neck cancer, myxoid chondrosarcoma, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or mesothelioma.
[0266] In some embodiments, the cancer is liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, or T cell leukemia.
[0267] In some embodiments, the cancer is liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, biliary tract cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) B-lineage, lymphoma, or T cell leukemia.
[0268] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PARP inhibitor, a CHK1 inhibitor, a MDM2 inhibitor, a hypomethylating agent, an mTOR inhibitor, an ATM inhibitor, a CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, a PRMT5 inhibitor, a PRMT1 inhibitor, an ATR inhibitor, a WEE1 inhibitor, an APE1 inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a taxane, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a CDK7 inhibitor, a CDK9 inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antimetabolite, an AURORA inhibitor, a microtubule stabilizer, a DNA cross-linker, a vinca alkaloid, an alkylating agent, a PRMT6 inhibitor, a PRMT7 inhibitor, a PRMT9 inhibitor, a KRAS inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VEGFR inhibitor, an aromatase inhibitor, a mitotic inhibitor, a radiopharmaceutical agent, a cytotoxic agent, or any combination thereof.
[0269] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PARP inhibitor.
[0270] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PARP inhibitor is olaparib (AZD2281) , veliparib (ABT-888) , rucaparib, talazoparib (BMN 673) , AZD5305, AG-14361, INO-1001 (3-aminobenzamide) , A-966492, PJ34 HC1, niraparib, UPF 1069, ME0328, RK-287107, pamiparib (BGB-290) , NMS-P118, E7449, picolinamide, benzamide, NU1025, iniparib (B SI-201) , AZD2461, BGP-15 2HC1, XAV-939, 4-hydroxyquinazoline, NVP-TNKS656, MN 64, or G007-LK, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0271] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PARP inhibitor is olaparib (AZD2281) , veliparib (ABT-888) , rucaparib, or talazoparib (BMN 673) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0272] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PARP inhibitor is veliparib (ABT-888) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0273] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PARP inhibitor is rucaparib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0274] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PARP inhibitor is olaparib (AZD2281) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0275] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PARP inhibitor is talazoparib (BMN 673) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0276] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a CHK1 inhibitor.
[0277] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CHK1 inhibitor is AZD7762, rabusertib (LY2603618) , MK-8776 (SCH 900776) , CHIR-124, PF-477736, VX-803 (M4344) , GDC-0575 (ARRY-575) , SAR-020106, CCT245737, PD0166285, or prexasertib (LY2606368) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0278] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CHK1 inhibitor is AZD7762 or Rabusertib (LY2603618) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0279] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CHK1 inhibitor is AZD7762 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0280] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CHK1 inhibitor is Rabusertib (LY2603618) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0281] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a MDM2 inhibitor.
[0282] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the MDM2 inhibitor is nutlin-3, NSC 207895, nutlin-3a, nutlin-3b, MX69, NVP-CGM097, MI-773 (SAR405838) , idasanutlin (RG-7388) , RG-7112, HDM201 (Siremadlin) , YH239-EE, (-) -parthenolide, or serdemetan (JNJ-26854165) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0283] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the MDM2 inhibitor is nutlin-3 or Serdemetan (JNJ-26854165) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0284] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the MDM2 inhibitor is nutlin-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0285] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the MDM2 inhibitor is serdemetan (JNJ-26854165) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0286] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a hypomethylating agent.
[0287] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the hypomethylating agent is cecitabine, azacitidine (5-azacytidine) , RG108, thioguanine, zebularine, SGI-1027, CM272, 2’-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, procainamide, bobcat339, gamma-oryzanol, thujaplicin, or (-) -epigallocatechin gallate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0288] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the hypomethylating agent is decitabine or azacitidine (5-Azacytidine) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0289] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the hypomethylating agent is decitabine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0290] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the hypomethylating agent is azacitidine (5-azacytidine) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0291] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an mTOR inhibitor.
[0292] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the mTOR inhibitor is dactolisib (BEZ235) , rapamycin (sirolimus) , everolimus (RAD001) , AZD8055, temsirolimus (CCI-779) , PI-103, KU-0063794, torkinib (PP242) , ridaforolimus (deforolimus, MK-8669) , sapanisertib (MLN0128) , voxtalisib (XL765) , torin 1, torin 2, omipalisib (GSK2126458) , OSI-027, PF-04691502, apitolisib (GDC-0980) , GSK1059615, gedatolisib (PKI-587) , WYE-354, vistusertib (AZD2014) , WYE-125132 (WYE-132) , PP121, WYE-687, WAY-600, ETP-46464, GDC-0349, XL388, GNE-477, bimiralisib (PQR309) , SF2523, CZ415, paxalisib (GDC-0084) , CC-115, onatasertib (CC 223) , voxtalisib (XL765) , zotarolimus (ABT-578) , Tacrolimus (FK506) , BGT226 maleate (NVP-BGT226 maleate) , palomid 529 (P529) , LY3023414 (samotolisib) , biolimus-7, biolimus-9, azathioprine, campath 1H, or chrysophanic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0293] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the mTOR inhibitor is everolimus (RAD001) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0294] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an ATM inhibitor.
[0295] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the ATM inhibitor is KU-55933, KU-60019, wortmannin, torin 2, CP-466722, ETP-46464, CGK 733, AZ32, AZD1390, AZ31, or AZD0156, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0296] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the ATM inhibitor is KU-60019 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0297] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor.
[0298] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor is palbociclib (PD-0332991) , alvocidib, AT7519, JNJ-7706621, PHA-793887, BMS-265246, milciclib (PHA-848125) , R547, riviciclib (P276-00) , MC180295, G1T38, abemaciclib, ON123300, AT7519, purvalanol A, SU9516, ribociclib (LEE011) , or BSJ-03-123, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0299] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor is palbociclib (PD-0332991) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0300] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a BCL-2 inhibitor.
[0301] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the BCL-2 inhibitor is ABT-737, navitoclax (ABT-263) , obatoclax (GX15-070) , TW-37, venetoclax (ABT-199) , AT101, HA14-1, sabutoclax, S55746, or gambogic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0302] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the BCL-2 inhibitor is venetoclax (ABT-199) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0303] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a type I PRMT inhibitor.
[0304] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the type I PRMT inhibitor is selected from a compound disclosed in WO2014153226, WO2021023609, or WO2022256808, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0305] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the type I PRMT inhibitor is or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0306] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the Type I PRMT inhibitor is a protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) inhibitor or a protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) inhibitor.
[0307] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PRMT1 inhibitor.
[0308] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT1 inhibitor is GSK3368715 (EPZ019997) , C7280948, EPZ020411 2HC1, MSO23, furamidine, C 21, or TC-E 5003, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a listed compound.
[0309] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT1 inhibitor is GSK3368715 (EPZ019997) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0310] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PRMT6 inhibitor.
[0311] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT6 inhibitor is SGC 6870 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
[0312] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a type II PRMT inhibitor.
[0313] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the Type II PRMT inhibitor is a protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitor, a protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) inhibitor, or a protein arginine methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9) inhibitor.
[0314] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PRMT5 inhibitor.
[0315] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is JNJ-64619178 (AGI-931) , HLCL-61, GSK591, EPZ015666 (GSK3235025) , GSK3326595 (EPZ015938; AGI-219) , TNG908, TNG462, AMG193, AMG9747, MRTX1719, P305-05313, CTS3157, PH-020-803, or AZ-PRMT5i-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0316] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is TNG908, TNG462, AMG193, AMG9747, MRTX1719, or P305-05313, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0317] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is GSK3326595 (EPZ015938; AGI-219) or JNJ-64619178 (AGI-931) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0318] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is GSK3326595 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0319] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is JNJ-64619178 (AGI-931) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0320] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is
[0321] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0322] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is
[0323] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0324] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is
[0325] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0326] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT5 inhibitor is selected from a compound disclosed in WO2021050915, WO2021086879, WO2021 / 163344, WO2022 / 026892, WO 2022 / 256806, WO2023036974, WO2021050915, WO2022192745, WO2023278564, WO2022132914, WO2022169948, WO2022115377, WO2021163344, WO2021086879, WO2022026892, US11077101, Malik, R., et al. AACR Annual Meeting, 2021, Abstract Number 1140, or Bonday, Z. Q., et al., ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, 612-617, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0327] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PRMT7 inhibitor.
[0328] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the PRMT7 inhibitor is SGC 3027 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
[0329] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a PRMT9 inhibitor.
[0330] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an ATR inhibitor.
[0331] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the ATR inhibitor is RP-3500, M-6620, berzosertib (M-6620, VX-970; VE-822) , AZD-6738, AZ-20, M-4344 (VX-803) , BAY-1895344, M- 1774, IMP-9064, nLs-BG-129, SC-0245, BKT-300, ART-0380, ATRN-119, ATRN-212, or NU-6027, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0332] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a WEE1 inhibitor.
[0333] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the WEE1 inhibitor is AZD1775 (MK1775) , ZN-c3, debio 0123, IMP7068, SDR-7995, SDR-7778, NUV-569, PD0166285, PD0407824, SC-0191, DC-859 / A, bosutinib, or Bos-I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0334] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a topoisomerase inhibitor.
[0335] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the topoisomerase inhibitor is epipodopyyllotoxin, SN-38, ARC, NPC, camptothecin, topotecan, 9-nitrocamptothecin, exatecan, lurtotecan, lamellarin D9-aminocamptothecin, rubifen, gimatecan, diflomotecan, BN80927, DX-8951f, MAG-CPT, thiotepa, cyclosphosphamide, amsacrine, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, amsacrine, ellipticines, aurintricarboxylic acid, doxorubicin, or HU-331, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0336] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the topoisomerase inhibitor is topotecan, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, or, doxorubicin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0337] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a cytotoxic agent.
[0338] In some embodiments, the cytotoxic agent is an alkylating agent, a cytotoxic antibiotic agent, an antimetabolite, a vinca alkaloid, a platinum drug, a taxane, or a topoisomerase inhibitor. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a cytotoxic antibiotic agent. In some embodiments, the cytotoxic antibiotic agent is an anthracycline (e.g., doxorubicin and valrubicin) . In some embodiments, the cytotoxic antibiotic agent is a non-anthracycline (e.g., bleomycin and dactinomycin) . In some embodiments, the additional agent is an agent that is detrimental to the viability of cells.
[0339] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is platinum drug. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the platinum drug is cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, nedaplatin, triplatin tetranitrate, phenanthriplatin, picoplatin, or satraplatin.
[0340] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a taxane.
[0341] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the taxane is docetaxel, paclitaxel, accatin III, 10-deacetyltaxol, 7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol, chalcomenite, 10-deacetyl-7-epitaxol, 7-epitaxol, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, or 10-deacetyl chalcomenite, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0342] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the taxane is docetaxel , or paclitaxel, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0343] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the taxane is docetaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0344] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the taxane is paclitaxel or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0345] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
[0346] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody or a CTLA-4 antibody. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody or a CTLA-4 antibody, or a variant thereof or biosimilar thereof.
[0347] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody or an anti-PD-1 antibody.
[0348] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, sugemalimab, envafolimab, cosibelimab, or adebrelimab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, sugemalimab, envafolimab, cosibelimab, adebrelimab, or a variant thereof or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is atezolizumab or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is avelumab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is durvalumab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is sugemalimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is envafolimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is cosibelimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is adebrelimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof.
[0349] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, penpulimab, or sintilimab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, penpulimab, or sintilimab, or a variant thereof or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is pembrolizumab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is cemiplimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is toripalimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is camrelizumab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is tislelizumab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is penpulimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is sintilimab, or a variant or biosimilar thereof.
[0350] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CTLA-4 antibody is ipilimumab, or tremelimumab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is ipilimumab, or tremelimumab, or a variant thereof or biosimilar thereof.
[0351] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, penpulimab, sintilimab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, sugemalimab, envafolimab, cosibelimab, adebrelimab, AMP -224, PF-06801591, MEDI0680, PDR001, REGN2810, SHR-12-1, TSR-042, CA-170, KN035, and BMS-936559, abatacept, belatacept, ipilimumab, tremelimumab, AGEN1884, AGEN2041, BMS-986016, GSK2831781, IMP321, LAG525, MGD013, or TSR-022, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0352] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
[0353] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, penpulimab, sintilimab or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0354] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, sugemalimab, envafolimab, cosibelimab, adebrelimab or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, sugemalimab, envafolimab, cosibelimab, adebrelimab, or a variant thereof or biosimilar thereof.
[0355] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a CDK7 inhibitor.
[0356] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CDK7 inhibitor is LDC4297, THZ1, THZ2, YKL-5-124, BS-181, samuraciclib, LY3405105, PHA-793887, SNS-032 (BMS-387032) , PF-562271, or milciclib (PHA-848125) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0357] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a CDK9 inhibitor.
[0358] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the CDK9 inhibitor is SNS-032 (BMS-387032) , LY2857785, alvocidib, or riviciclib hydrochloride (P276-00) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0359] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a DNA synthesis inhibitor.
[0360] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA synthesis inhibitor is 5-fluorouracil (5-FE1) , 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) , capecitabine, cytarabine, floxuridine, fludarabine, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, methotrexate, or pemetrexed, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0361] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA synthesis inhibitor is 5-fluorouracil (5-FE1) , fludarabine, gemcitabine, or pemetrexed, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0362] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA synthesis inhibitor is 5-fluorouracil (5-FE1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0363] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA synthesis inhibitor is fludarabine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0364] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA synthesis inhibitor is gemcitabine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA synthesis inhibitor is pemetrexed or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0365] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an antimetabolite.
[0366] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the antimetabolite is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) , 6- mercaptopurine (6-MP) , capecitabine, cytarabine, Floxuridine, fludarabine, gemcitabine, hydroxy carbamide, methotrexate, pemetrexed, or phototrexate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0367] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the antimetabolite is pemetrexed or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0368] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an AURORA inhibitor.
[0369] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the AURORA inhibitor is alisertib (MLN8237) , tozasertib (VX-680, MK-0457) , barasertib (AZDI 152-HQPA) , ZM 447439, MLN8054, danusertib (PHA-739358) , AT9283, JNJ-7706621, hesperadin, aurora A inhibitor I (TC-S7010) , KW-2449, SNS-314, ENMD-2076, PHA-680632, MK-5108 (VX-689) , CYC116, AMG-900, PF-03814735, CCT 129202, GSK1070916, TAK-901, CCT137690, MK-8745, ENMD-2076, aurora kinase inhibitor III, SNS-314 mesylate, BI-847325, reversine, or ABT-348, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0370] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a KRAS inhibitor.
[0371] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is a KRAS G12C inhibitor.
[0372] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is a KRAS G12D inhibitor.
[0373] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is a KRAS G12S inhibitor.
[0374] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is 6H05, adagrasib, ARS-1323, ARS-1323-alkyne, ARS-1620, ARS-1630, ARS-853, ASP2453 , AZD4625, BAY-293, BI-0474, BI-2852, BI-3406, divarasib, G12Si-1, G12Si-5 formic, G12Si-5, garsorasib, K20, KRAS G12C inhibitor 1, KRAS G12C inhibitor 2, KRAS G12C inhibitor 3, KRAS G12C inhibitor 4, KRAS G12C inhibitor 5, KRAS G12C inhibitor 13, KRAS G12C inhibitor 14, KRAS G12C inhibitor 15, KRAS G12C inhibitor 16, KRAS G12C inhibitor 17, KRAS G12C inhibitor 18, KRAS G12C inhibitor 23, KRAS G12C inhibitor 24, KRAS G12C inhibitor 25, KRAS G12C inhibitor 26, KRAS G12C inhibitor 27, KRAS G12C inhibitor 28, KRAS G12C inhibitor 32, KRAS G12C inhibitor 43, KRAS G12C inhibitor 44, KRAS G12C inhibitor 45, KRAS G12C inhibitor 46, KRAS G12C inhibitor 47, KRAS G12C inhibitor 48, KRAS G12C inhibitor 49, KRAS G12C inhibitor 50, KRAS G12C inhibitor 51, KRAS G12C inhibitor 52, KRAS G12C inhibitor 53, KRAS G12C inhibitor 54, KRAS G12C inhibitor 55, KRAS G12C inhibitor 57, K-Ras G12C-IN-2, KRAS G12D inhibitor 3, KRAS G12D inhibitor 7, KRAS G12D inhibitor 14, KRAS G12D inhibitor 16, KRAS G12D inhibitor 17, KRAS inhibitor-3, KRAS inhibitor-6, KRAS inhibitor-7, KRAS inhibitor-8, KRAS inhibitor-10, KRAS inhibitor-11, KRAS inhibitor-12, KRAS inhibitor-13, KRAS inhibitor-14, KRAS inhibitor-15, KRAS inhibitor-16, KRAS inhibitor-17, KRAS inhibitor-18, KRAS inhibitor-20, K-Ras (G12C) inhibitor 6, KRpep-2d , LC-2, MRTX1133, MRTX-1257, MRTX849 acid, MRTX-EX185 formic, opnurasib, Pan KRas-IN-1, PROTAC K-Ras Degrader-1, RM-018, SAH-SOS1A, SOS1-IN-4, SOS1-IN-9, sotorasib, or ZG1077, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0375] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is ARS-3248 (JNJ-74699157) , AMG510, MRTX849, MRTX1133, ASP245, 3GDC6036, BI-2852, BI 1701963, mRNA-5671, JDQ443, RAS (ON) inhibitors, BBP-454, RM-018, RMC-6291, or RMC-6236, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0376] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is adagrasib, divarasib, garsorasib, opnurasib, or sotorasib, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0377] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is sotorasib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0378] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is adagrasib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0379] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the KRAS inhibitor is selected from a compound disclosed in WO2018119183, WO2018217651, WO2019051291, WO2019213526, WO2019213516, WO2019217691, WO2019232419, WO2019241157, WO2020106640, WO2021081212, WO2022083569, WO2022093856, WO2022232332, WO2022232331, WO2020146613, WO2020097537, WO2015054572, WO2020177629, WO2019141250, WO2020081282, WO2020085493, WO2018143315, WO2018206539, WO2019110751, WO2019195609, WO2021207172, WO2021041671, WO2021150613, WO2021142252, WO2021152149, WO2021248090, WO2021216770, WO2022002102, WO2022031678, US10662204B2, US10689377B2, US10689377B2, US10689377B2, US10689377B2, or US10519146B2, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0380] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an EGFR inhibitor.
[0381] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the EGFR inhibitor is Erlotinib (OSI-774) HCl, Gefitinib (ZD1839) , Lapatinib (GW-572016) Ditosylate, Afatinib (BIBW2992) , Saracatinib (AZD0530) , Vandetanib (ZD6474) , Neratinib (HKI-272) , Canertinib (CI-1033) , Lapatinib (GW-572016) , AG-490 (Tyrphostin B42) , CP-724714, Dacomitinib (PF-00299804) , WZ4002, Sapitinib (AZD8931) , CUDC-101, AG-1478 (Tyrphostin AG-1478) , PD153035 HCl, Pelitinib (EKB-569) , AEE788 (NVP-AEE788) , AC480 (BMS-599626) , AP26113-analog (ALK-IN-1) , OSI-420, WZ3146, Allitinib tosylate, Rociletinib (CO-1686) , Varlitinib, Icotinib (BPI-2009H) , TAK-285, WHI-P154, Daphnetin, PD168393, CNX-2006, Tyrphostin 9, AG-18, O-Demethyl-Gefitinib, AST-1306, BDTX-189, Epertinib hydrochloride, JND3229, BI-4020, Tyrphostin AG-528, AG 556, Canertinib dihydrochloride, EGFR Inhibitor, Gefitinib-based PROTAC 3, SU5214, RG 13022, TQB3804 (EGFR-IN-7) , zipalertinib, Pyrotinib (SHR-1258) dimaleate, PD153035, AG 494, AG 555, Theliatinib (HMPL-309) , Avitinib (AC0010) , Lazertinib, Gefitinib hydrochloride, Cetuximab (anti-EGFR) , Lifirafenib (BGB-283) , Nazartinib (EGF816) , Brigatinib (AP26113) , Tucatinib, Zorifertinib (AZD3759) , Afatinib (BIBW2992) Dimaleate, Erlotinib (OSI-774) , CL-387785 (EKI-785) , Poziotinib (HM781-36B) , Osimertinib (AZD9291) , AZ5104, AV-412 free base, WZ8040, Genistein (NPI 031L) , Falnidamol, BLU-945, Sunvozertinib, CH7233163, Licochalcone D, Alflutinib (AST2818) mesylate, (Rac) -JBJ-04-125-02, Mobocertinib (TAK788) , Tyrphostin AG30 (AG30) , AG-1557, AG99, MTX-211, RG14620, Almonertinib (HS-10296) , Cyasterone, Osimertinib mesylate, Norcantharidin, Naquotinib (ASP8273) , EAI045, Lidocaine hydrochloride, Olmutinib (BI 1482694) , Butein, Chrysophanic Acid, or (-) -Epigallocatechin Gallate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0382] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a VEGFR inhibitor.
[0383] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the VEGFR inhibitor is Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) tosylate, Sunitinib (SU11248) malate, Cabozantinib (BMS-907351) , Ponatinib (AP24534) , Axitinib (AG 013736) , Foretinib (GSK1363089) , Vandetanib (ZD6474) , Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) , Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) , Pazopanib HCl (GW786034 HCl) , Cediranib (AZD2171) , PD173074, Dovitinib (TKI-258) , Linifanib (ABT-869) , Vatalanib (PTK787) 2HCl, RAF265 (CHIR-265) , Tivozanib (AV-951) , Motesanib Diphosphate (AMG-706) , Lenvatinib (E7080) , Brivanib (BMS-540215) , MGCD-265 analog, AEE788 (NVP-AEE788) , ENMD-2076, OSI-930, CYC116, Ki8751, Telatinib, PP121, Pazopanib, KRN 633, SAR131675, Apatinib (YN968D1) mesylate, BMS-794833, Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) , Cabozantinib malate, Brivanib Alaninate (BMS-582664) , Golvatinib (E7050) , Semaxanib (SU5416) , ZM 323881 HCl, ZM 306416, ENMD-2076 L- (+) -Tartaric acid, R1530, Chiauranib, Emvododstat (PTC299) , XL092, Regorafenib Hydrochloride, Lucitanib (E3810) hydrochloride, Ningetinib, Donafenib (Sorafenib D3) , Ki20227, Tyrphostin AG1433, SU14813, Sulfatinib, CS-2660 (JNJ-38158471) , SU5204, SU5214, SU5205, SU5408, Pamufetinib (TAS-115) , ODM-203, WHI-P180, Altiratinib, Motesanib (AMG-706) , Fruquintinib (HMPL-013) , Lenvatinib (E7080) Mesylate, Nintedanib Ethanesulfonate Salt, Apatinib, Cediranib Maleate, Toceranib phosphate, Anlotinib (AL3818) dihydrochloride, Regorafenib (BAY-734506) Monohydrate, Sitravatinib (MGCD516) , Ramucirumab, BFH772, BAW2881 (NVP-BAW2881) , SU5402, Sunitinib (SU11248) , Dovitinib (TKI258) Lactate monohydrate, LY2874455, SKLB1002, AZD2932, Lenalidomide (CC-5013) , WAY-340935, Oglufanide, hVEGF-IN-1, 4SC-203, Chebulinic acid, Nastorazepide, X-82 (Vorolanib) , MAZ51, TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram disulfide) , SU5208, SU5614, AG-13958, SKLB 610, SU1498, ZD-4190, PDGFR inhibitor 1, Bevacizumab, Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) , Vitamin E, or Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0384] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an aromatase inhibitor.
[0385] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the aromatase inhibitor is Letrozole (CGS 20267) , Anastrozole (ZD-1033) , Exemestane (FCE 24304) , Formestane, Fadrozole (CGS16949A) , alpha-Naphthoflavone, or Obacunone (AI3-37934) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0386] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a mitotic inhibitor.
[0387] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the mitotic inhibitor is a taxane (e.g., Paclitaxel and Docetaxel) , a vinca alkaloid (e.g., Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, and Vinorelbine) , Colchicine, Podophyllotoxin, Griseofulvin, or Glaziovianin A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0388] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a microtubule stabilizer.
[0389] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the microtubule stabilizer is paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, docetaxel, colchicine, podophyllin, epothilone A, or epothilone B, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0390] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a radiopharmaceutical agent.
[0391] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a DNA cross-linker.
[0392] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the DNA cross-linker is oxaliplatin, cisplatin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0393] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a vinca alkaloid.
[0394] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the vinca alkaloid is vinorelbine, vincristine, vinblastine, vinblastine N-oxide, vindesine, vinflunine, vincamine, vintafolide, or deacetoxyvinzolidine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0395] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is an alkylating agent.
[0396] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the alkylating agent is altretamine, bendamustine, busulfan, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, thiotepa, trabectedin, platinum coordination complexes, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0397] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is folic acid analogs, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs, antibiotics, L-asparaginase, interferons, anthracenedione substituted urea, methyl hydrazine derivatives, adrenocortical suppressant, adrenocorticosteroides, progestin, estrogen, antiestrogen receptor inhibitor, androgen, antiandrogen receptor inhibitor, endocrine / hormonal agents, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0398] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the antiestrogen receptor inhibitor is Fulvestrant (ICI-182780) , Raloxifene HCl, Bazedoxifene (WAY-140424) HCl, G-1, Amcenestrant (SAR439859) , Estrogen receptor modulator 1, Lasofoxifene Tartrate, H3B-5942, Raloxifene, Brilanestrant (GDC-0810) , Tamoxifen (ICI 46474) Citrate, Toremifene Citrate (NK 622) , Clomifene citrate, Estriol, Estrone, Bazedoxifene (TSE-424) acetate, SPP-86, Enclomiphene Citrate, Phenol Red sodium salt, Camizestrant (AZD9833) , G15 (GRB-G15) , Cyclofenil, PHTPP, AZD9496, Chlorotrianisene, Endoxifen HCl, Ospemifene, or Tamoxifen (ICI 46474) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0399] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the antiandrogen receptor inhibitor is Enzalutamide (MDV3100) , Bicalutamide (ICI-176334) , Ostarine, Apalutamide (ARN-509) , Galeterone, Flutamide, Cyproterone Acetate, AZD3514, Spironolactone, ORM-15341, CLP-3094, Proxalutamide (GT0918) , JNJ-63576253 (TRC-253) , Bavdegalutamide (ARV-110) , ACP-105, Ailanthone, UT-34, Triptophenolide, 4, 4'-DDE, EPI-001, Darolutamide (ODM-201) , Megestrol Acetate, Clascoterone, Inobrodib (CCS-1477) , GSK-2881078, (S, R, S) -AHPC (MDK7526) , Dimethylcurcumin (ASC-J9) , RU58841, Nilutamide, 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane, or Chlormadinone acetate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0400] In some embodiments of a method of treating cancer, the additional agent is a chemotherapeutic agent.
[0401] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:
[0402] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0403] (b) an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
[0404] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:
[0405] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0406] (b) an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
[0407] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:
[0408] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0409] (b) an anti-PD-1 antibody.
[0410] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:
[0411] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0412] (b) cisplatin.
[0413] Also disclosed herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:
[0414] (a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: (Compound 73) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0415] (b) docetaxel.
[0416] Administration
[0417] Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, otic, nasal, and topical administration. In addition, by way of example only, parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections.
[0418] Pharmaceutical Compositions / Formulations
[0419] The compounds described herein are administered to a subject in need thereof, either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents, in a pharmaceutical composition, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered to animals.
[0420] In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. A summary of pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be found, for example, in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Nineteenth Ed (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995) ; Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, H.A. and Lachman, L., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, Seventh Ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins1999) , herein incorporated by reference for such disclosure.
[0421] EXAMPLES
[0422] Example 22: Synthesis of 4- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) benzenesulfonamide
[0423] Step 1: General procedure for preparation of 3-bromo-4-chloro-5-nitropyridin-2-ol (Compound 22_2)
[0424] THF (50 mL) was cooled to-78℃ and anhydrous NH3 (20 mL) was condensed into the THF. Potassium t-butoxide (3.1 g, 27.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to -35 ℃. Compound 22_1 (2.6 g, 11 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was cooled to 0℃ and a solution of t-BuOOH (5 M in decane, 2.2 mL, 11 mmol) was added over 5 min. This solution was then added dropwise to the KOt-Bu solution over 0.5 h, then stirred for 1 h at -35 ℃ and then carefully quenched with 10 mL of sat. NH4C1 solution. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. Then the organics were concentrated and the residue was made acidic with NH4C1 solution and filtered. The solid was washed with cold H2O and dried to give the title Compound 22_2 (2.5 g, 92%) as a dark brown solid. LCMS: [M-H] -= 250.9.
[0425] Step 2: General procedure for preparation of 3-bromo-4-chloro-2-methoxy-5-nitropyridine (Compound 22_4)
[0426] To a solution of Compound 22_2 (872 mg, 3.45 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added Compound 22_3 (1.02 g, 6.89 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 55℃ for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. After the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure, the obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 22_4 (400 mg, 43.5%yield) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.97 (s, 1H) , 4.08 (s, 3H) .
[0427] Step 3: General procedure for preparation of 4- ( ( (3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-nitropyridin-4-yl) amino) methyl) benzenesulfonamide (Compound 22_6)
[0428] To a solution of Compound 22_4 (400 mg, 1.49 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) were added Compound 22_5 (334 mg, 1.49 mmol) and DIPEA (773 mg, 5.99 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 2 h. After the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure, the obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 22_6 (288 mg, 46%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] += 416.8, 5.
[0429] Step 4: General procedure for preparation of 4- ( ( (2-methoxy-5-nitro-3-phenylpyridin-4-yl) amino) methyl) benzenesulfonamide (Compound 22_7)
[0430] To a solution of Compound 22_6 (288 g, 0.69 mmol) in dioxane-H2O (5 mL) were added phenylboronic acid (168 mg, 1.38 mmol) , XPhos-Pd-G2 (54 mg, 0.068 mmol) and K2CO3 (286 mg, 2.07 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. After the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure, the obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 22_7 (228 g, 79.6%yield) as a green solid. LCMS: [M+H] += 415.0, 5.
[0431] Step 5: General procedure for preparation of 4- ( ( (5-amino-2-methoxy-3-phenylpyridin-4-yl) amino) methyl) benzenesulfonamide (Compound 22_8)
[0432] To a solution of Compound 22_7 (228 mg, 0.55 mmol) in ethanol (5 mL) were added Raney-Ni (50 mg) and hydrazine monohydrate (138 mg, 2.76 mmol, 98%) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a light yellow solid. The obtained solid was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 22_8 (100 mg, 47.3%yield) . LCMS: [M+H] += 385.1.
[0433] Step 6: General procedure for preparation of 4- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) benzenesulfonamide
[0434] To a solution of Compound 22_8 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in ethanol (3 mL) were added triethyl orthoacetate (422 mg, 2.6 mmol) and Py-HCl (30 mg, 0.26 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 2 h. Solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure and the obtained residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to afford example 22 (73 mg, 68.6%yield) . LCMS: [M+H] + = 409.1.1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.52 (s, 1H) , 7.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.35-7.27 (m, 3H) , 7.22 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.07 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 6.66 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 4.93 (s, 2H) , 3.76 (s, 3H) , 2.37 (s, 3H) .
[0435] Example 73: Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide
[0436] Step 1: General procedure for preparation of N- ( (5- (benzylthio) -3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) methyl) -3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-nitropyridin-4-amine (Compound 73_1)
[0437] To a solution of Compound 22_4 (500 mg, 1.87 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) were added Compound 68_4 (464 mg, 1.87 mmol) and DIPEA (724 mg, 5.61 mmol) . This reaction mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 4 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 73_1 (620 mg, 69.2%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 479.0.
[0438] Step 2: General procedure for preparation of N- ( (5- (benzylthio) -3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) methyl) -2-methoxy-5-nitro-3-phenylpyridin-4-amine (Compound 73_2)
[0439] To a solution of Compound 73_1 (620 mg, 1.29 mmol) in dioxane / H2O (10 mL / 1 mL) were added phenylboronic acid (237 mg, 1.94 mmol) , XPhos-Pd-G2 (103 mg, 0.13 mmol) and K2CO3 (534 mg, 3.87 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred under 100℃ for 16 h under N2 atmosphere. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 73_2 (540 mg, 87.6%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 477.1.
[0440] Step 3: General procedure for preparation of N4- ( (5- (benzylthio) -3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) methyl) -6-methoxy-5-phenylpyridine-3, 4-diamine (Compound 73_3)
[0441] To a solution of Compound 73_2 (540 mg, 1.13 mmol) in MeOH (6 mL) / DCM (6 mL) was added Pd / C (100 mg, 10%wt) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h under H2 atmosphere. The reaction solution was filtered and the filter cake was washed with MeOH (10 mL x 3) . The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 73_3 (450 mg, 88.9%yield) as a light yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] += 447.1.
[0442] Step 4: General procedure for preparation of 1- ( (5- (benzylthio) -3-fluoropyridin-2-yl) methyl) -6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridine (Compound 73_4)
[0443] To a solution of Compound 73_3 (450 mg, 1.01 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) were added triethyl orthoacetate (1.63 g, 10.1mmol) and Py-HCl (12 mg, 0.10 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to provide the corresponding Compound 73_4 (420 mg, 88.6 %yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 471.2.
[0444] Step 5: General procedure for preparation of 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide
[0445] To a solution of Compound 73_4 (420 mg, 0.89 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) / AcOH (0.3 mL) / H2O (0.2 mL) at 0℃ was added drop wise a solution of 1, 3-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin / acetonitrile (438 mg / 3 mL, 0.30 mmol) . The mixture was stirred under 0℃ for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and the solution was cooled to 0℃. Ammonium hydroxide (3 mL) was added drop wise and the reaction solution was stirred at 0℃ for 3 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by Prep-HPLC to afford the corresponding example 73 (180 mg, 47.2%yield) . LCMS: [M+H] + = 428.3.1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.48 (s, 1H) , 8.47 (s, 1H) , 7.77 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (s, 2H) , 7.29 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.17 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 6.85 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 5.15 (s, 2H) , 3.73 (s, 3H) , 2.44 (s, 3H) .
[0446] Example A: ENPP1 Enzymatic assay
[0447] ATP-Glo assay:
[0448] 1. Diluted compounds in DMSO by hand for 11 points, 3 folds dilution. Then transferred 0.02 μL compounds to 384 assay plate by ECHO.
[0449] 2. Added 2 μL specified concentration of ENPP1 to 384 assay plate. Centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min.
[0450] 3. Added 2 μL specified concentration of ATP to the assay plate. Centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min.
[0451] 4. Incubated at 25℃ for 60 min.
[0452] 5. Added 4 μL AMP-Glo Reagent to the assay plates.
[0453] 6. Centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min, incubate at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0454] 7. Added 8 μL Kinase Detection Reagent to the assay plates.
[0455] 8. Centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min, incubated at 25℃ for 1 hours. The final assay reaction mixture contained a buffer of 50 mM Tris pH 8.8, 250 mM NaCl and 0.1%BSA
[0456] 9. Read on Envision for US LUM as RLU.
[0457] 10. Analyzed the raw data using the equation (V. Data analysis) .
[0458] cGAMP-Glo assay:
[0459] 1. Diluted compounds in DMSO by hand for 11 points, 3 folds dilution. Then transferred 0.02 μL compounds to 384 assay plate by ECHO.
[0460] 2. Added 2 μL specified concentration of ENPP1 to 384 assay plate, centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min.
[0461] 3. Added 2 μL specified concentration of 2'3'-cGAMP to the assay plate, centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min.
[0462] 4. Incubated at 25℃ for 60 min.
[0463] 5. Added 4 μL AMP-Glo Reagent to the assay plates.
[0464] 6. Centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min, incubated at 25℃ for 1 hours.
[0465] 7. Added 8 μL Kinase Detection Reagent to the assay plates.
[0466] 8. Centrifuged 1000 RPM for 1 min, incubate at 25℃ for 1 hours. The final assay reaction mixture contained a buffer of 50 mM Tris pH 8.8, 250 mM NaCl and 0.1%BSA
[0467] 9. Read on Envision for US LUM as RLU.
[0468] 10. Analyzed the raw data using the equation (V. Data analysis) .
[0469] The data is shown in Table 2.
[0470] TABLE 2
[0471] IC50 (nM) : 0<A≤1; 1<B≤10; 10<C≤100; 100<D≤1000; 1000<E
[0472] Example B: In vivo Efficacy of an ENPP1 inhibitor combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
[0473] Efficacy Study of MC38 Mouse Colon Cancer Xenograft Model in C57BL / 6J Mice
[0474] Methods:
[0475] Cell Culture
[0476] The MC38 murine colorectal tumor cell line (NTCC-MC38) was maintained in DMEM medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 10%heat inactivated fetal bovine serum at 37 ℃ in an atmosphere of 5%CO2 in air. The tumor cells were routinely subcultured twice weekly The cells growing in an exponential growth phase were harvested and counted for tumor inoculation.
[0477] Method for Tumor Inoculation and Randomization
[0478] Each mouse was inoculated subcutaneously at the right flank with MC38 tumor cells (0.5 × 106) for the tumor development. Animals were randomized when the average tumor volume reached 60 mm3.
[0479] Measurement Parameters
[0480] The major endpoint was to see if the tumor growth could be delayed or mice could be cured.
[0481] Tumor Measurements
[0482] The measurement of tumor size were conducted twice a week in two dimensions with a caliper and the tumor volume (mm3) was estimated using the formula: TV = a × b2 / 2, where a and b are long and short diameters of a tumor, respectively. The TVs were used for calculation of the tumor growth inhibition (TGI, an indicator of antitumor effectiveness) value using the formula: TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Ci-C0) ] × 100%, only over the dosing period (dosing days 0 to days n) . Where: Ti -is the average tumor volume at the respective day “i” after dosing throughout treatment period; T0 -is the average tumor volume in the treatment group at day 0 before treatment; Ci –is the average tumor volume in the control group at the respective day “i” after dosing throughout treatment period; and C0 -is the average tumor volume in the control group at day 0 before treatment. T / C is calculated for each group using the formula: T / C (%) = TRTV / CRTV×100; TRTV is the relative tumor volume (RTV) of a treatment group on a given day, CRTV is the relative tumor volume of the vehicle control group on the same day. RTV is calculated by formula: RTV (%) = Vi / V0×100, Vi is the average tumor volume on a given day, V0 is the average tumor volume on the first day of treatment.
[0483] The synergistic anti-tumor effect was analyzed by applying the modified Bürgi formula (i.e., Jin equation) . The formula is Q = E (A+ B) / (EA + EB -EA × EB) , where E (A+ B) , EA, and EB are the endpoint TGIs of the combination treatment, drug A alone and drug B alone, respectively. The q values < 0.85, 0.85-1.15, and ≥ 1.15 indicate antagonism, additive effects, and synergism, respectively.
[0484] Statistical Analysis
[0485] Summary statistics were provided for the tumor volume of each group at each time point. Statistical analysis of difference in tumor volume among the groups was conducted based on the data obtained at the last day of tumor measurement before any mice in vehicle group was found to reach the humane endpoint. To compare tumor volumes of different groups at a pre-specified day, we first use Brown-Forsythe's test to check the assumption of homogeneity of variance across all groups. When the p-value of Brown-Forsythe's test is >= 0.05, we run one-way ANOVA to test overall equality of means across all groups. If the p-value of the one-way ANOVA is < 0.05, we further perform post hoc testing by Tukey's tests for comparing each treatment group with every other group. T-test method was performed to compare combo groups with anti-mPD-1 monotherapy. All data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6.0. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant..
[0486] Results
[0487] In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of Compound 73 and anti-mPD-1 was evaluated in MC38 murine colorectal model in C57BL / 6J mice. The measured body weight and tumor volume of each group at various time points are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0488] The mean tumor volume of vehicle treated mice reached 2223 mm3 on day 18 after the start of treatment. Compared with vehicle group, monotherapy didn’t show any anti-tumor effect. Anti-mPD-1 monotherapy exhibited obvious anti-tumor activity with the mean TV=990 mm3 (TGI = 57.0%, p<0.05) . Compared with anti-mPD-1 monotherapy, Compound 73 at 20 mg / kg significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity with TV=133 mm3 (TGI = 96.6%, p<0.001, Table 3) and 5 CRs of 8 enrolled mice. Synergistic effect was analyzed and showed in Table 4. In combination with anti-mPD-1, Compound 73 at 5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg produced synergism and addictive effect, respectively, Compound 73 at 20 mg / kg produced significant anti-tumor synergistic effects. All mice maintained the body weight well.
[0489] Table 3. Tumor growth inhibition analysis a. Mean ± SEM. b. T / C (%) = TRTV / CRTV ×100; c. TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Ci-C0) ] ×100. d. p value among all groups was calculated by Tukey’s post hoc tests following one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. p value vs anti-mPD-1 was calculated by one-tailed t-tests method. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
[0490] Table 4. Synergistic analysis
[0491] Example C: In vivo efficacy of an ENPP1 inhibitor combined with cisplatin, Efficacy Study of EMT6 Mouse Breast Cancer syngeneic model in Balb / c Mice
[0492] Methods:
[0493] Cell Culture
[0494] The EMT6 mammary carcinoma cells (ATCC-CRL-2755) were maintained in Waymouth's MB 752 / 1 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 15%heat inactivated FBS at 37℃ in an atmosphere of 5%CO2 in air. The tumor cells were routinely sub-cultured twice weekly. The cells growing in an exponential growth phase were harvested and counted for tumor inoculation.
[0495] Tumor Inoculation
[0496] Each mouse was inoculated subcutaneously at the right flank with EMT6 cells (0.5x106) for tumor development. Animals were randomized when the average tumor volume reached 61 mm3.
[0497] Measurement Parameters
[0498] The major endpoint was to see if the tumor growth could be delayed or mice could be cured. Tumor sizes were measured two times per week in two dimensions using a caliper, and the volume were expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5 a x b2 where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively.
[0499] The tumor volume was then used for the calculations of TGI or Relative T / C values. TGI is calculated for each group using the formula: TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Ci-C0) ] ×100; Ti is the average tumor volume of a treatment group on a given day, T0 is the average tumor volume of the treatment group on the first day of treatment, Ci is the average tumor volume of the vehicle control group on the same day with Ti, and C0 is the average tumor volume of the vehicle group on the first day of treatment. T / C is calculated for each group using the formula: T / C (%) = TRTV / CRTV×100; TRTV is the relative tumor volume (RTV) of a treatment group on a given day, CRTV is the relative tumor volume of the vehicle control group on the same day. RTV is calculated by formula: RTV (%) = Vi / V0×100, Vi is the average tumor volume on a given day, V0 is the average tumor volume on the first day of treatment.
[0500] Statistical Analysis
[0501] Summary statistics were provided for the tumor volume of each group at each time point. Statistical analysis of difference in tumor volume among the groups was conducted based on the data obtained at the last day of tumor measurement before any mice in vehicle group was found to reach the humane endpoint. To compare tumor volumes of different groups at a pre-specified day, we first use Brown-Forsythe's test to check the assumption of homogeneity of variance across all groups. When the p-value of Brown-Forsythe's test is >= 0.05, we run one-way ANOVA to test overall equality of means across all groups. If the p-value of the one-way ANOVA is < 0.05, we further perform post hoc testing by Tukey's tests for comparing each treatment group with every other group. T-test method was performed to compare combo groups with cisplatin monotherapy. All data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6.0. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
[0502] Results
[0503] In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of Compound 73 either as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin was evaluated in EMT6 mammary carcinoma model in BALB / c mice. The measured body weight and tumor volume of each group at various time points are shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Table 5.
[0504] The mean tumor volume of vehicle treated mice reached 2393 mm3 on day 18 after the start of treatment. Compared with vehicle group, cisplatin or Compound 73 monotherapy exhibited minor anti-tumor effect. Compound 73 at 5 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg and 20 mg / kg in combination with cisplatin exhibited obvious anti-tumor activity with the mean TVs of 1378 mm3 (TGI = 43.5%, p<0.001) , 1094 mm3 (TGI = 55.7%, p<0.001) and 984 mm3 (TGI = 60.4%, p<0.001) , respectively (Table 6) . Compared with cisplatin monotherapy, Compound 73 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity. All mice maintained the body weight well.
[0505] Table 5. Tumor volume trace over time (mean ± SEM)
[0506] Tumor growth inhibition rate for test articles in the EMT6 model was calculated based on tumor volume measurements on day 18 after the start of the treatment.
[0507] Table 6. Tumor growth inhibition analysis a. Mean ± SEM. b. T / C (%) = TRTV / CRTV ×100; c. TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Ci-C0) ] ×100. d. p value among all groups was calculated by Tukey’s post hoc tests following one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. p value vs cisplatin was calculated by t-tests method. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
[0508] Example D: In vivo efficacy of an ENPP1 inhibitor combined with docetaxel or cisplatin, Efficacy Study of 4T1 Mouse murine cancer orthotopic model in Balb / c Mice
[0509] Methods:
[0510] Cell Culture
[0511] The 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells (cobioer) were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%heat inactivated FBS at 37℃ in an atmosphere of 5%CO2 in air. The tumor cells were routinely sub-cultured twice weekly. The cells growing in an exponential growth phase were harvested and counted for tumor inoculation.
[0512] Tumor Inoculation
[0513] Each mouse was inoculated subcutaneously at the mammary fat pad with 4T1 cells (0.5x106) for tumor development. Animals were randomized when the average tumor volume reached 59 mm3.
[0514] Measurement Parameters
[0515] The major endpoint was to see if the tumor growth could be delayed or mice could be cured. Tumor sizes were measured two times per week in two dimensions using a caliper, and the volume were expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5 a x b2 where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively.
[0516] The tumor volume was then used for the calculations of TGI or Relative T / C values. TGI is calculated for each group using the formula: TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Ci-C0) ] ×100; Ti is the average tumor volume of a treatment group on a given day, T0 is the average tumor volume of the treatment group on the first day of treatment, Ci is the average tumor volume of the vehicle control group on the same day with Ti, and C0 is the average tumor volume of the vehicle group on the first day of treatment. T / C is calculated for each group using the formula: T / C (%) = TRTV / CRTV×100; TRTV is the relative tumor volume (RTV) of a treatment group on a given day, CRTV is the relative tumor volume of the vehicle control group on the same day. RTV is calculated by formula: RTV (%) = Vi / V0×100, Vi is the average tumor volume on a given day, V0 is the average tumor volume on the first day of treatment.
[0517] Statistical Analysis
[0518] Summary statistics were provided for the tumor volume of each group at each time point. Statistical analysis of difference in tumor volume among the groups was conducted based on the data obtained at the last day of tumor measurement before any mice in vehicle group was found to reach the humane endpoint. To compare tumor volumes of different groups at a pre-specified day, we first use Brown-Forsythe's test to check the assumption of homogeneity of variance across all groups. When the p-value of Brown-Forsythe's test is >= 0.05, we run one-way ANOVA to test overall equality of means across all groups. If the p-value of the one-way ANOVA is < 0.05, we further perform post hoc testing by Tukey's tests for comparing each treatment group with every other group. T-test method was performed to compare combo groups with vehicle. All data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6.0. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
[0519] Results
[0520] In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of Compound 73 either as a single agent or in combination with docetaxel or cisplatin was evaluated in 4T1 orthotopic mammary carcinoma model in BALB / c mice. The measured body weight and tumor volume of each group at various time points are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
[0521] The mean tumor volume of vehicle treated mice reached 1573 mm3 on day 30 after the tumor inoculation. Compared with vehicle group, docetaxel, cisplatin or Compound 73 monotherapy exhibited minor anti-tumor effect. Compound 73 at 10 mg / kg in combination with docetaxel exhibited obvious anti-tumor activity with the mean TVs of 726 mm3 (TGI = 56%, p<0.01) (Table 7) . Compared with cisplatin monotherapy, their combination with Compound 73 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity. All mice maintained the body weight well.
[0522] Table 7. Tumor growth inhibition analysis a. Mean ± SEM. b. T / C (%) = TRTV / CRTV ×100; c. TGI (%) = [1- (Ti-T0) / (Ci-C0) ] ×100. d. p value among all groups was calculated by Tukey’s post hoc tests following one-way ANOVA. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. p value vs vehicle was calculated by t-tests method.p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Claims
1.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:(a) a compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:wherein:Ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;L is a bond, -NH-, or -O-;each R1 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;or two R1 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;n is 0-6;R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;R3 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;is a single bond or a double bond; wherein:whenis a double bond, X is N or CRX and Y is N or CRY;whenis a single bond, X is C (=O) and Y is NRY1 or C (RY2) 2;RX is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;RY is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;RY1 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more R;each RY2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl is independently and optionally substituted with one or more R;Ring B is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;each R4 is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -OC (=O) Ra, -OC (=O) ORb, -OC (=O) NRcRd, -SH, -SRa, -S (=O) Ra, -S (=O) 2Ra, -S (=O) 2NRcRd, -NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) NRcRd, -NRbC (=O) Ra, -NRbC (=O) ORb, -NRbS (=O) 2Ra, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;or two R4 on the same atom are taken together to form an oxo;m is 0-4;R5 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;R6 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -OH, -ORa, -NRcRd, -C (=O) Ra, -C (=O) ORb, -C (=O) NRcRd, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;each Ra is independently C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;or two Ra are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;each Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;or two Rb are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R;Rc and Rd are each independently hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl (cycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (heterocycloalkyl) , C1-C6alkyl (aryl) , or C1-C6alkyl (heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more R;or Rc and Rd are taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; andeach R is independently halogen, -CN, -OH, -OCH3, -S (=O) CH3, -S (=O) 2CH3, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHCH3, -S (=O) 2N (CH3) 2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N (CH3) 2, -C (=O) CH3, -C (=O) OH, -C (=O) OCH3, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C6aminoalkyl, or C1-C6heteroalkyl;or two R on the same atom form an oxo;and(b) an additional agent,wherein the combined amount of the compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent is therapeutically effective for treating the cancer.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is selected from Table 1.3.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:(a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and(b) an additional agent.4.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:(a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and(b) cisplatin.5.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject:(a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and(b) docetaxel.6.The method of any one of claims 3-5, wherein the combined amount of Compound 73 or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the additional agent are therapeutically effective.7.The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cancer is a primary leukemia, hematological malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , glioma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , bladder cancer, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, astrocytoma, osteosarcoma, head and neck cancer, myxoid chondrosarcoma, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or mesothelioma.8.The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the cancer is liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, biliary tract cancer, cervical cancer, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) B-lineage, lymphoma, or T cell leukemia.9.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a PARP inhibitor, a CHK1 inhibitor, a MDM2 inhibitor, a hypomethylating agent, an mTOR inhibitor, an ATM inhibitor, a CDK 4 / 6 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, a PRMT5 inhibitor, a PRMT1 inhibitor, an ATR inhibitor, a WEE1 inhibitor, an APE1 inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a taxane, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a CDK7 inhibitor, a CDK9 inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antimetabolite, an AURORA inhibitor, a microtubule stabilizer, a DNA cross-linker, a vinca alkaloid, an alkylating agent, a PRMT6 inhibitor, a PRMT7 inhibitor, a PRMT9 inhibitor, a KRAS inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VEGFR inhibitor, an aromatase inhibitor, a mitotic inhibitor, a radiopharmaceutical agent, a cytotoxic agent, or any combination thereof.10.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a PARP inhibitor.11.The method of claim 8, wherein the PARP inhibitor is olaparib (AZD2281) , veliparib (ABT-888) , rucaparib, talazoparib (BMN 673) , AG-14361, INO-1001 (3-aminobenzamide) , A-966492, PJ34 HC1, niraparib, UPF 1069, ME0328, RK-287107, pamiparib (BGB-290) , NMS-P118, E7449, picolinamide, benzamide, NU1025, iniparib (B SI-201) , AZD2461, BGP-15 2HC1, XAV-939, 4-hydroxyquinazoline, NVP-TNKS656, MN 64, or G007-LK, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the PARP inhibitor is olaparib (AZD2281) , veliparib (ABT-888) , rucaparib, or talazoparib (BMN 673) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.13.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a topoisomerase inhibitor.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the topoisomerase inhibitor is epipodopyyllotoxin, SN-38, ARC, NPC, camptothecin, topotecan, 9-nitrocamptothecin, exatecan, lurtotecan, lamellarin D9-aminocamptothecin, rubifen, gimatecan, diflomotecan, BN80927, DX-8951f, MAG-CPT, thiotepa, cyclosphosphamide, amsacrine, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, amsacrine, ellipticines, aurintricarboxylic acid, doxorubicin, or HU-331, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.15.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a taxane.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the taxane is docetaxel, paclitaxel, accatin III, 10-deacetyltaxol, 7-xylosyl-10-deacetyltaxol, chalcomenite, 10-deacetyl-7-epitaxol, 7-epitaxol, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, or 10-deacetyl chalcomenite, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the taxane is docetaxel, or paclitaxel, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.18.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is an immune checkpoint inhibitor.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody or a CTLA-4 antibody.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the anti-PD-L1 antibody is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, sugemalimab, envafolimab, cosibelimab, or adebrelimab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.21.The method of claim 19, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, penpulimab, or sintilimab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.22.The method of claim 19, wherein the CTLA-4 antibody is ipilimumab, or tremelimumab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.23.The method of claim 19, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, AMP -224, PF-06801591, MEDI0680, PDR001, REGN2810, SHR-12-1, TSR-042, CA-170, atezolizumab, durvalumab, KN035, and BMS-936559, ipilimumab, tremelimumab, AGEN1884, AGEN2041, BMS-986016, GSK2831781, IMP321, LAG525, MGD013, or TSR-022, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.24.The method of claim 19, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.25.The method of claim 19, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is nivolumab or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.26.The method of claim 19, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is pembrolizumab or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.27.The method of claim 19, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is pidilizumab, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.28.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a DNA synthesis inhibitor.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the DNA synthesis inhibitor is 5-fluorouracil (5-FE1) , 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) , capecitabine, cytarabine, floxuridine, fludarabine, gemcitabine, hydroxyurea, methotrexate, or pemetrexed, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the DNA synthesis inhibitor is pemetrexed or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.31.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a microtubule stabilizer.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the microtubule stabilizer is paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, docetaxel, colchicine, podophyllin, epothilone A, or epothilone B, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.33.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a DNA cross-linker.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the DNA cross-linker is oxaliplatin, cisplatin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.35.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a vinca alkaloid.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the vinca alkaloid is vinorelbine, vincristine, vinblastine, vinblastine N-oxide, vindesine, vinflunine, vincamine, vintafolide, or deacetoxyvinzolidine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.37.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is an alkylating agent.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the alkylating agent is altretamine, bendamustine, busulfan, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, ifosfamide, lomustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, thiotepa, trabectedin, platinum coordination complexes, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.39.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a radiopharmaceutical agent.40.The method of any one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, wherein the additional agent is a cytotoxic agent.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the cytotoxic agent is an alkylating agent, a cytotoxic antibiotic agent, an antimetabolite, a vinca alkaloid, a platinum drug, a taxane, or a topoisomerase inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.42.A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need:(a) 5-fluoro-6- ( (6-methoxy-2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-imidazo [4, 5-c] pyridin-1-yl) methyl) pyridine-3-sulfonamide: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and(b) an immune checkpoint inhibitor.43.Use of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer, wherein the medicament is formulated for being administered in combination with an additional agent.44.Use of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an additional agent in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer.45.Use of Compound 73 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer, wherein the medicament is formulated for being administered in combination with an additional agent.46.Use of Compound 73 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an additional agent in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer.