Method and apparatus for message transmission
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing message transmission solutions in communication networks introduce many unnecessary messages between network functions, such as SMFs, leading to inefficiencies and increased bandwidth usage, particularly in scenarios like frequent user mobility and roaming services.
A method where a first SMF determines information indicating that a second SMF does not need to report certain items to the first SMF when no other items need to be transferred, and sends this information to the second SMF, thereby reducing unnecessary message transmission.
This solution reduces the transmission of unnecessary messages, conserves signaling bandwidth, and simplifies PDU mobility procedures by eliminating redundant signaling, especially for large numbers of users and during roaming.
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Figure CN2024100902_16012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MESSAGE TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the technical field of communications, and specifically to methods and apparatuses for message transmission.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] In communication networks, there may be various sessions such as protocol data unit (PDU) sessions. The PDU sessions may be established in various ways. For example, a user equipment (UE) may initiate a PDU session establishment procedure. A network may trigger a PDU session establishment procedure. The PDU session may be managed by a session management function (SMF) .
[0004] When a UE is outside of a network function (NF) (such as SMF) service area, or a current NF (such as SMF) cannot serve a target data network (DN) access identifier (DNAI) for a traffic routing for a local access to a DN, an intermediate NF may be inserted.
[0005] For example, intermediate SMF (I-SMF) may be inserted between the SMF and the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) . The I-SMF has an N11 interface with the AMF and an N16a interface with the SMF and is responsible for controlling the user plane function (s) (UPF (s) ) that the SMF cannot directly control. The exchange of the session management (SM) context and forwarding of tunnel information if needed are done between two SMFs directly without involvement of AMF.
[0006] Depending on scenario, a PDU session in non-roaming case or local breakout is either served by a single SMF or served by an SMF and an I-SMF. When a PDU session is served by both an SMF and an I-SMF, the SMF is the NF instance that has the interfaces towards the policy control function (PCF) and charging function (CHF) .
[0007] Clauses 4.23.2-16 of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 23.502 V18.1.1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes various I-SMF related procedures such as I-SMF insertion / change / removal procedures.
[0008] In the case of roaming for a home routed PDU session, the following cases may occur:
[0009] A UE moves out of visited SMF (V-SMF) serving area in a serving public land mobile network (PLMN) ;
[0010] A UE moves to another (serving) visited PLMN (VPLMN) ;
[0011] A UE moves between home PLMN (HPLMN) and a VPLMN.
[0012] In the above cases, the procedures in clauses 4.23.2-16 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 for I-SMF apply to the V-SMF insertion / change / removal by replacing the I-SMF with V-SMF, and SMF with H-SMF.
[0013] For an established PDU session, an I-SMF is inserted if a UE is not in the SMF service area. In this case, when a UE moves from HPLMN to a VPLMN, a V-SMF is inserted and the I-SMF is removed. For mobility from VPLMN to HPLMN, an I-SMF is inserted and the V-SMF is removed. The procedures of clauses 4.23.2-16 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 apply in this case, i.e. by replacing the target or new I-SMF by a V-SMF for mobility from HPLMN to VPLMN and by replacing the source or old I-SMF by a V-SMF for mobility from VPLMN to HPLMN.
[0014] Various information, such as PduSessionCreateData, HsmfUpdateData, etc., may be transmitted between two NFs such as SMFs.
[0015] PduSessionCreateData may be sent from the V-SMF or I-SMF to H-SMF or anchor SMF (A-SMF) . PduSessionCreateData may be a representation of the PDU session to be created in the H-SMF or A-SMF.
[0016] Table 1 shows an example of PduSessionCreateData, which is a part of Table 6.1.6.2.9-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. UICC denotes Universal Integrated Circuit Card. ID denotes identifier. EPS denotes Evolved Packet System. 5GS denotes fifth generation system. SM denotes session management. IE denotes information element. LADN denotes Local Area Data Network. SNPN denotes Stand-alone Non-Public Network. GUAMI denotes Globally Unique AMF Identifier.
[0017] Table 1: Definition of type PduSessionCreateData
[0018] HsmfUpdateData may be sent from the H-SMF or A-SMF to V-SMF or I-SMF. PduSessionCreateData may be a representation of the updates to apply to the PDU session.
[0019] Table 2 shows an example of HsmfUpdateData, which is a part of Table 6.1.6.2.11-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0. MAPDU denotes Multi-Access PDU. NID denotes Network Identifier. UTC denotes Coordinated Universal Time. RAT denotes Radio Access Technology.
[0020] Table 2: Definition of type HsmfUpdateData
[0021] Policy Control Request Trigger may be sent from the PCF or CHF to H-SMF or A-SMF.
[0022] Table 3 shows an example of Policy Control Request Trigger, which is same as Table 5.6.3.6-1 of 3GPP TS 29.512 V18.1.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0023] Table 3: Enumeration PolicyControlRequestTrigger SUMMARY
[0024] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0025] There may be some problems for the existing information transmission solution which may introduce quite many unnecessary messages between two NFs. For example, quite many unnecessary N16 / N16a signaling may be introduced between two SMFs.
[0026] For the PDU session established with the I-SMF / V-SMF, any one of the following scenarios may be happened:
[0027] The PCF / CHF has not provisioned an event trigger for one or more items such as changed IEs to H-SMF / A-SMF. There is no need for the I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the one or more items on N16 / N16a interface and the H-SMF / A-SMF will not report the one or more items (e.g., information element (IE) change such as uelocation, timezone, serving node, PLMN change) to the PCF / CHF,
[0028] The A-SMF / H-SMF has subscribed event report for one or more items (e.g., uelocation, timezone) by event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the I-SMF / V-SMF, there is no need for the I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the one or more items such as the changed IEs on N16 / N16a interfaces,
[0029] The A-SMF / H-SMF does not need one or more items such as security result, there is no need for the I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the one or more items such as the changed IEs on N16 / N16a interfaces.
[0030] When the UE has mobility, one or more items such as changed IE (e.g., uelocation, uetimezone) are always sent from AMF to I-SMF / V-SMF which will send them to A-SMF / H-SMF. It is a piggyback for the AMF transferring the one or more items to the I-SMF / V-SMF on N11 interface. While on N16 / N16a interface, since 3GPP specification such as 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0 (e.g. refer to Table 6.1.6.2.11-1: Definition of type HsmfUpdateData) states that it shall transfer the changed IE on N16 / 16a interface if there is change. Even no other necessary IEs to be sent to A-SMF / H-SMF and / or the A-SMF / H-SMF doesn’ t need such information, the I-SMF / V-SMF always transfers the changed IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) to the H / A-SMF by a message such as Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request as described in 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1.
[0031] This issue has introduced quite many unnecessary N16 / N16a signaling especially for the UE having frequent mobility and / or for roaming service which mostly does not need such signaling.
[0032] To overcome or mitigate at least one of above mentioned problems or other problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure propose an improved solution for message transmission.
[0033] In a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a first session management function (SMF) . The method may comprise determining first information. The first information indicates that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The method may further comprise sending the first information to the second SMF.
[0034] In a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a second session management function (SMF) . The method may comprise receiving first information from a first SMF or an old second SMF. The first information indicates that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The method may further comprise obtaining the at least one item.
[0035] In a third aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a first SMF. The first SMF comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Said memory contains instructions executable by said processor. Said first SMF is operative to determine first information. The first information indicates that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. Said first SMF is further operative to send the first information to the second SMF.
[0036] In a fourth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a second SMF. The second SMF comprises a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Said memory contains instructions executable by said processor. Said second SMF is operative to receive first information from a first SMF or an old second SMF. The first information indicates that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. Said second SMF is further operative to obtain the at least one item.
[0037] In a fifth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of the first or second aspect.
[0038] In a sixth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of the first or second aspect.
[0039] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. In some embodiments herein, it may avoid transmission of unnecessary messages (such as roaming signaling messages) between two network nodes such as two SMFs (e.g., I-SMF / V-SMF and A-SMF / H-SMF) . In some embodiments herein, it may save signaling (such as roaming signaling) bandwidth on an interface such as N16 interface, especially for huge amount of users (e.g. several millions of UEs) . In some embodiments herein, it may simplify a PDU mobility procedure (such as roaming PDU mobility procedure) by reducing transmission of unnecessary messages (such as N16 signaling message) . The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent, by way of example, from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals or letters are used to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure and not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
[0041] FIG. 1a schematically shows 5G system roaming architecture in the case of home routed scenario using the reference point representation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 1b schematically shows non-roaming architecture with I-SMF insertion to the PDU session in reference point representation;
[0043] FIG. 2a shows a problem scenario of intra AMF Xn-based handover without V-SMF change and without V-UPF change according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 2b shows a problem scenario of intra AMF N2 Based handover without V-SMF change and without V-UPF change according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIGs. 3a-3b, FIGs. 4a-4d, FIGs. 5-7 show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 8a is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for practicing some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 8b is a block diagram showing a first SMF according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and
[0048] FIG. 8c is a block diagram showing a second SMF according to an embodiment of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0050] As used herein, the term “network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards such as new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Time Division Multiple Address (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) , Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and other wireless networks. A CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , etc. UTRA includes WCDMA and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) . An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, Ad-hoc network, wireless sensor network, etc. In the following description, the terms “network” and “system” can be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the communications between two devices in the network may be performed according to any suitable communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the communication protocols as defined by a standard organization such as 3GPP. For example, the communication protocols may comprise the first generation (1G) , 2G, 3G, 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 6G communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0051] The term “network device” or “network node” or “network function” refers to any suitable function which can be implemented in a network entity (physical or virtual) of a communication network. For example, the network function can be implemented either as a network element on a dedicated hardware, as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure. For example, the 5G system (5GS) may comprise a plurality of NFs such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Service Function (AUSF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Policy Control Function (PCF) , Application Function (AF) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , User plane Function (UPF) and Network Repository Function (NRF) , radio access network (RAN) , service communication proxy (SCP) , network data analytics function (NWDAF) , Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) , Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) , etc. In other embodiments, the network function may comprise different types of NFs for example depending on a specific network.
[0052] Virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a provider edge node and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines or containers executing on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks) .
[0053] In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments hosted by one or more of hardware nodes. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node) , then the provider edge node or PE may be entirely virtualized.
[0054] The functions may be implemented by one or more applications (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications are run in virtualization environment which provides hardware comprising processing circuitry and memory. Memory contains instructions executable by processing circuitry whereby application is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and / or functions disclosed herein.
[0055] Virtualization environment, comprises general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device may comprise memory which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions or software executed by processing circuitry. Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) , also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface. Each hardware device may also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media -having stored therein software and / or instructions executable by processing circuitry. Software may include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers (also referred to as hypervisors) , software to execute virtual machines as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
[0056] Virtual machines, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance may be implemented on one or more of virtual machines, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
[0057] During operation, processing circuitry executes software to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer, which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) . Virtualization layer may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine.
[0058] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that can access a communication network and receive services therefrom. By way of example and not limitation, the terminal device refers to a mobile terminal, user equipment (UE) , or other suitable devices. The UE may be, for example, a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a portable computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and a playback appliance, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, a wearable terminal device, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , a laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, a wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably. As one example, a terminal device may represent a UE configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) , such as 3GPP LTE standard or NR standard. As used herein, a “user equipment” or “UE” may not necessarily have a “user” in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. In some embodiments, a terminal device may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a terminal device may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the communication network. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but that may not initially be associated with a specific human user.
[0059] As yet another example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a terminal device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another terminal device and / or network equipment. The terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device. As one particular example, the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, for example refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc. In other scenarios, a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0060] References in the specification to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0061] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0062] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B. ” The phrase “A and / or B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B” .
[0063] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0064] It is noted that these terms as used in this document are used only for ease of description and differentiation among nodes, devices or networks etc. With the development of the technology, other terms with the similar / same meanings may also be used.
[0065] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0066] It is noted that some embodiments of the present disclosure are mainly described in relation to SMF and N16 / N16a being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network function and network interface. As such, the description of exemplary embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples and embodiments, and does naturally not limit the present disclosure in any way. Rather, any other network function and network interface may equally be utilized as long as exemplary embodiments described herein are applicable.
[0067] Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a communication system complied with the exemplary system architecture illustrated in FIGs. 1a-1b. For simplicity, the system architectures of FIGs. 1a-1b only depict some exemplary elements. In practice, a communication system may further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between terminal devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or terminal device. The communication system may provide communication and various types of services to one or more terminal devices to facilitate the terminal devices’ access to and / or use of the services provided by, or via, the communication system.
[0068] FIG. 1a schematically shows 5G system roaming architecture in the case of home routed scenario using the reference point representation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architecture of FIG. 1a is same as Figure 4.2.4-6 as described in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The system architecture of FIG. 1a may comprise some exemplary elements such as AUSF, AMF, data network, visited NSSF (V-NSSF) , home NSSF (H-NSSF) , visited PCF (V-PCF) , visited SMF (V-SMF) , home SMF (H-SMF) , UDM, UPF, AF, UE, (R) AN, NSSAAF (Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization Function) , etc.
[0069] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the UE can establish a signaling connection with the AMF over the reference point N1, as illustrated in FIG. 1a. This signaling connection may enable NAS (Non-access stratum) signaling exchange between the UE and the core network, comprising a signaling connection between the UE and the (R) AN and the N2 connection for this UE between the (R) AN and the AMF. The (R) AN can communicate with the UPF over the reference point N3. The UE can establish a protocol data unit (PDU) session to the data network (e.g. an operator network or Internet) through the UPF over the reference point N6.
[0070] The N38 references point can be between V-SMFs in the same VPLMN, or between V-SMFs in different VPLMNs (to enable inter-PLMN mobility) .
[0071] For the roaming scenarios described above each PLMN implements proxy functionality to secure interconnection and hide topology on the inter-PLMN interfaces.
[0072] As further illustrated in FIG. 1a, it also shows some reference points such as N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N9, N11, N38, N16, N7, N5, N22, N15, N8, N24, N10, N58, N12, N31, N59, N13 etc., which can support the interactions between NF services in the NFs. For example, these reference points may be realized through corresponding NF service-based interfaces and by specifying some NF service consumers and providers as well as their interactions in order to perform a particular system procedure.
[0073] Various NFs shown in FIG. 1a may be responsible for functions such as session management, mobility management, authentication, security, etc. Various NFs shown in FIG. 1a may include the functionality for example as defined in clause 6.2 of 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0.
[0074] FIG. 1b schematically shows non-roaming architecture with I-SMF insertion to the PDU session in reference point representation, with no Uplink Classifier (UL-CL) / Branching Point (BP) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architecture of FIG. 1b is same as Figure 5.34.2.2-1 as described in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The system architecture of FIG. 1b may comprise some exemplary elements such as AUSF, AMF, DN, NSSF, PCF, I-SMF, SMF, UDM, UPF, AF, UE, (R) AN, CHF (Charging Function) , etc.
[0075] In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the UE can establish a signaling connection with the AMF over the reference point N1, as illustrated in FIG. 1b. This signaling connection may enable NAS signaling exchange between the UE and the core network, comprising a signaling connection between the UE and the (R) AN and the N2 connection for this UE between the (R) AN and the AMF. The (R) AN can communicate with the UPF over the reference point N3. The UE can establish a PDU session to the data network (e.g. an operator network or Internet) through the UPF over the reference point N6.
[0076] N16a is the interface between SMF and I-SMF.
[0077] N38 is the interface between I-SMFs.
[0078] As further illustrated in FIG. 1b, it also shows some reference points such as N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N9, N11, N14, N16a, N7, N5, N15, N38, N22, N12, N13, N8, N10, N40, N13, etc., which can support the interactions between NF services in the NFs. For example, these reference points may be realized through corresponding NF service-based interfaces and by specifying some NF service consumers and providers as well as their interactions in order to perform a particular system procedure.
[0079] Various NFs shown in FIG. 1b may be responsible for functions such as session management, mobility management, authentication, security, etc. Various NFs shown in FIG. 1b may include the functionality for example as defined in clause 6.2 of 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0.
[0080] FIG. 2a shows a problem scenario of intra AMF Xn-based handover without V-SMF change and without V-UPF change according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The Xn interface is defined between two RAN nodes.
[0081] In an embodiment, the intra AMF Xn-based handover without V-SMF change and without V-UPF change may be same as or similar to the Xn based inter NG-RAN handover as described in clause 4.9.1.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1.
[0082] Step 1. Handover Preparation.
[0083] Step 2. At Handover Execution, source (S) next generation (NG) RAN forwards data to target (T) NG RAN.
[0084] Step 3. T-NG-RAN sends an N2 Path Switch Request to AMF.
[0085] Step 4. AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (toBeSwitched, ueLocation, ueTimezone, N2 Path Switch Request Transfer) to V-SMF.
[0086] Step 5. V-SMF sends a Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) Session Modification Request (T-NGRAN-N3-Tunnel) to visited UPF (V-UPF) .
[0087] Step 6. V-UPF sends a PFCP Session Modification Response to V-SMF.
[0088] Step 7. V-UPF sends an N3 End marker to S-NG-RAN.
[0089] Step 8a. S-NG-RAN sends an N3 End marker to T-NG-RAN.
[0090] Step 8b. V-UPF sends downlink data to T-NG-RAN which sends it to UE.
[0091] Step 9a. V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (Path Switch Request Acknowledge Transfer (V-UPF-N3-Tunnel, Security Indication) ) to AMF.
[0092] Step 9b. UE sends uplink data to T-NG-RAN which sends it to V-UPF. V-UPF sends it to H-UPF.
[0093] Step 10. V-SMF sends a PFCP Session Modification Request (Query Usage Reporting Rule (URR) ) to V-UPF and V-UPF sends a PFCP Session Modification Response to the V-SMF.
[0094] Step 11. V-SMF sends an Nchf_covergedCharging_Update Request to V-CHF and V-CHF sends an Nchf_covergedCharging_Update Response to V-SMF.
[0095] Step 12. V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request (ueLocation, ueTimeZone) to H-SMF.
[0096] Step 13. H-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Response to V-SMF.
[0097] At steps 12-13, the problem may be that there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the changed IEs such as ueLocation and ueTimeZone on N16 / N16a interface to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0098] As a first example, since PCF / CHF has not provisioned the event trigger for an item or IE such as uelocation and timezone, there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the corresponding item or IE (such as changed IE) such as uelocation and timezone on N16 / N16a interface to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0099] As a second example, since A-SMF / H-SMF has subscribed an event report for an item or IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) to the AMF by an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the I-SMF / V-SMF, there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the corresponding item or IE (such as changed IE) such as uelocation and timezone on N16 / N16a interface to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0100] As a third example, since H-SMF does not need the event report for an item or IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) , there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the corresponding item or IE (such as changed IE) such as uelocation and timezone on N16 / N16a interface to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0101] Step 14. AMF sends an N2 Path Switch Request acknowledge to T-NG-RAN.
[0102] Step 15. T-NG-RAN sends a Release Resources message to S-NG-RAN.
[0103] Step 16. UE may initiate a registration procedure.
[0104] The messages or terms or abbreviations of FIG. 2a may be same as or similar to the corresponding messages or terms or abbreviations as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.9) or 3GPP TS 32.290 V18.1.0 (e.g. clause 6.2.3) or 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0.
[0105] FIG. 2b shows a problem scenario of intra AMF N2 Based handover without V-SMF change and without V-UPF change according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. N2 is a reference point between the RAN and the AMF.
[0106] In an embodiment, the intra AMF N2 Based handover without V-SMF change and without V-UPF change may be same as or similar to the Inter NG-RAN node N2 based handover as described in clause 4.9.1.3 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1.
[0107] Step 1. S-NG-RAN makes a decision to trigger a relocation via N2.
[0108] Step 2. S-NG-RAN sends a Handover Required message to AMF.
[0109] Step 3. AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (targetId, hoState = PREPARING, N2 Handover Required Transfer) to V-SMF.
[0110] Step 4. V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (hoState =PREPARING, N2 PDU Session Resource Setup Request Transfer) to AMF.
[0111] Step 5. AMF sends a Handover Request to T-NG-RAN.
[0112] Step 6. T-NG-RAN sends a Handover Request Acknowledge (hoState = PREPARED, T-NG-N3-Tunnel) to AMF.
[0113] Step 7. AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (hoState =PREPARED, Handover Request Acknowledge Transfer) to V-SMF.
[0114] Step 8. V-SMF send an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (hoState =PREPARED, N2 Handover Command Transfer) to AMF.
[0115] Step 9. AMF sends a Handover Command to S-NG-RAN.
[0116] Step 10. S-NG-RAN sends the Handover Command to UE.
[0117] Step 11. UE synchronizes to a new cell.
[0118] Step 12. UE sends a Handover Confirm message to T-NG-RAN.
[0119] Step 13. T-NG-RAN sends a Handover Notify message to AMF.
[0120] Step 14. AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (hoState =COMPLETED) to V-SMF.
[0121] Step 15. V-SMF sends a PFCP Session Modification Request (T-NGAN-N3-Tunnel) to V-UPF.
[0122] Step 16. V-UPF sends a PFCP Session Modification Response to V-SMF.
[0123] Step 17. V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (hoState =COMPLETED) to AMF.
[0124] Step 18. V-SMF sends a PFCP Session Modification Request (Query URR) to V-UPF. V-UPF sends a PFCP Session Modification Response to V-SMF.
[0125] Step 19. V-SMF sends an Nchf_covergedCharging_Update Request to V-CHF. V-CHF sends an Nchf_covergedCharging_Update Response to V-SMF.
[0126] Step 20. V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request (ueLocation, ueTimeZone) to H-SMF.
[0127] Step 21. H-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Response to V-SMF.
[0128] At steps 20-21, the problem may be that there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the changed IEs such as ueLocation and ueTimeZone on N16 / N16a interface to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0129] As a first example, since PCF / CHF has not provisioned the event trigger for an item or IE such as uelocation and timezone, there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the corresponding item or IE (such as changed IE) such as uelocation and timezone on N16 / N16a interfaces to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0130] As a second example, since A-SMF / H-SMF has subscribed an event report for an item or IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) to the AMF by an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the I-SMF / V-SMF, there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the corresponding item or IE (such as changed IE) such as uelocation and timezone on N16 / N16a interfaces to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0131] As a third example, since H-SMF does not need the event report for an item or IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) , there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the corresponding item or IE (such as changed IE) such as uelocation and timezone on N16 / N16a interfaces to A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0132] The messages or terms or abbreviations of FIG. 2b may be same as or similar to the corresponding messages or terms or abbreviations as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.9.1.3) or 3GPP TS 32.290 V18.1.0 (e.g. clause 6.2.3) or 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0.
[0133] To overcome or mitigate at least one of above mentioned problems or other problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure propose an improved solution for message transmission.
[0134] In an embodiment, during the PDU session setup procedure or the PDU session lifetime, if there is no need for V / I -SMF to transfer one or more items such as one or more changed IEs on N16 / N16a interfaces, the A-SMF / H-SMF informs the I-SMF / V-SMF with a new IE such as “notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) .
[0135] For example, during the PDU session setup procedure or the PDU session lifetime, there is no need to transfer at least one item (such as changed IE) on N16 / N16a interfaces in at least one of the following scenarios:
[0136] The PCF / CHF has not provisioned the event trigger for one or more items to the H-SMF / A-SMF, the H-SMF / A-SMF will not report the one or more items such as changed IEs (e.g. uelocation, timezone, serving node, PLMN change, radio access technology (RAT) change) to the PCF / CHF, and there is no need for V / I -SMF to transfer the one or more items such as changed IEs on N16 / N16a interfaces to H-SMF / A-SMF,
[0137] The A-SMF / H-SMF has subscribed an event report of one or more items such as changed IEs (e.g. uelocation, timezone) by an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the I-SMF / V-SMF, there is no need for V / I-SMF to transfer the one or more items such as changed IEs on N16 / N16a interfaces to H-SMF / A-SMF, or
[0138] The A-SMF / H-SMF does not need one or more items such as changed IEs (e.g., security result) , there is no need for V / I-SMF to transfer the one or more items such as changed IEs on N16 / N16a interfaces to H-SMF / A-SMF.
[0139] During the PDU session setup procedure or the PDU session lifetime, the A-SMF / H-SMF may inform the I-SMF / V-SMF with a new IE indicating that the I-SMF / V-SMF does not need to report one or more items such as changed IEs to the A-SMF / H-SMF and / or the one or more items such as changed IEs are not required by the A-SMF / H-SMF. For example, the new IE may be “notReportForChangedItems” (e.g. User Location Information (ULI) change, time zone change, security result) . The new IE may be sent in a message such as the Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response or Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request. The I-SMF / V-SMF may store the received new IE such as notReportForChangedItems.
[0140] In an embodiment, the new IE such as notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) may indicate:
[0141] if an item such as changed IE (e.g. ULI change or time zone change) is in the received new IE such as notReportForChangedItems and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the I-SMF / V-SMF shall not send a dedicated message such as a Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the A-SMF / H-SMF to inform the item such as changed IE since it is not needed by A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0142] In an embodiment, if there is a change for the new IE such as notReportForChangedItems, the A-SMF / H-SMF can send with the updated new IE such as updated notReportForChangedItem to I-SMF / V-SMF to inform the latest change.
[0143] In an embodiment, if it needs to delete the new IE such as notReportForChangedItems, the A-SMF / H-SMF can send a deletion message to I-SMF / V-SMF to inform the I-SMF / V-SMF to delete the new IE such as notReportForChangedItems.
[0144] In an embodiment, when an old I-SMF / V-SMF needs to be changed for a PDU session for example due to UE mobility, the old I-SMF / V-SMF may inform a new I-SMF / V-SMF with the new IE such as notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) . The new I-SMF / V-SMF may store the received new IE such as notRreportForChangedItems.
[0145] In an embodiment, when an I-SMF / V-SMF needs to be inserted for a PDU session for example due to UE mobility, the A-SMF / H-SMF can send a message comprising the new IE, such as an Nsmf_PDUSession_Context Response (SmContextRetrievedData\smContext\new IE such as notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) , to the inserted I-SMF / V-SMF. The inserted I-SMF / V-SMF may store the received new IE such as notRreportForChangedItems.
[0146] In an embodiment, when an I-SMF / V-SMF needs to be changed for a PDU session for example due to UE mobility, an old I-SMF / V-SMF (or source I-SMF / V-SMF) may send a message comprising the new IE, such as an Nsmf_PDUSession_Context Response (SmContextRetrievedData\smContext\new IE such as notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) , to the new I-SMF / V-SMF (or target I-SMF / V-SMF) . The new I-SMF / V-SMF may store the received new IE such as notRreportForChangedItems.
[0147] In an embodiment, when the UE performs mobility and an item such as changed IE (e.g. ULI change or Time Zone change) is in the stored new IE such as notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the I-SMF / V-SMF will not send a dedicated message such as Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the A-SMF / H-SMF to inform the item such as changed IE since the item is not needed by A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0148] FIG. 3a shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a first session management function (SMF) or communicatively coupled to the first SMF. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the method 300 as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components.
[0149] At block 302, the first SMF may determine first information.
[0150] In an embodiment, the first information may indicate that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF.
[0151] In an embodiment, the first information may indicate that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF and / or the at least one item is not required by the first SMF.
[0152] The first SMF may be any suitable network device or node or entity or function which can support session management function. In an embodiment, the first SMF may be an anchor SMF or a home SMF as described in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1. For example, the H-SMF may be an SMF that is located in a home network.
[0153] The second SMF may be any suitable network device or node or entity or function which can support session management function. In an embodiment, the second SMF may be an intermediate SMF or a visited SMF as described in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1. For example, the I-SMF may be an SMF that is inserted to support a PDU session as the UE is located in an area which cannot be controlled by the original SMF because the UPF (s) belong to a different SMF service area. For example, the V-SMF may be an SMF that is inserted to support a PDU session as the UE is located in a visited network which cannot be controlled by the home SMF because the UPF (s) belong to the visited network.
[0154] In an embodiment, the first SMF may be A-SMF or SMF and the second SMF may be I-SMF. In another embodiment, the first SMF may be H-SMF and the second SMF may be V-SMF.
[0155] The first information may be any suitable information and the present disclosure has no limit on it. For example, the first information may be a list, a bitmap, an array, etc. In an embodiment, the first information may be an array comprising information indicating the at least one item.
[0156] The at least one item may be any suitable item or information element which can be sent from the second SMF to the first SMF. For example, the at least one item may be at least one IE of PduSessionCreateData as defined in Table 6.1.6.2.9-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0, and / or at least one IE of HsmfUpdateData as defined in Table 6.1.6.2.11-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0, and / or at least one IE of PolicyControlRequestTrigger as defined in Table 5.6.3.6-1 of 3GPP TS 29.512 V18.1.0.
[0157] In an embodiment, the at least one item may be the item or IE or changed IE which is always sent from the second SMF to the first SMF for example according to various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0.
[0158] In an embodiment, the at least one item may comprise at least one changed item. The changed item means that the item is changed for example due to various reasons such as UE mobility. For example, the serving network may be changed. The RAT Type may be changed. The UE Time Zone may be changed. The UE Location may be changed.
[0159] In an embodiment, the at least one item may comprise at least one of a serving network, an access network type, an additional access network type, a radio access technology type, a user equipment location, a user equipment time zone, an additional user equipment location, information indicating that a user equipment is in or out of a local area data network service area, a security result associated to a PDU session, user plane security information associated to a PDU session, information indicating whether a user equipment requests to setup an always-on PDU session, information indicating whether a PDU session can be moved to an evolved packet system and whether N26 interface to be used during an evolved packet system interworking procedure, a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow, a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow and / or a whole PDU session, information indicating whether an access network type associated to a PDU session can be changed, information indicating an access to be released, information indicating whether a PDU session is allowed to be upgraded to multi access PDU session, information indicating whether a multi access PDU session is requested, information indicating an access that is unavailable, or information indicating a maximum integrity protected data rate supported by a user equipment for downlink for example as defined in Table 6.1.6.2.9-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0, and / or as defined in Table 6.1.6.2.11-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0 and / or as defined in Table 5.6.3.6-1 of 3GPP TS 29.512 V18.1.0.
[0160] The first SMF may determine the first information in various ways and the present disclosure has no limit on it. For example, the first SMF may determine the first information based on at least one of whether an item is required by itself and / or another NF, whether an item can be obtained from another NF in addition to the second SMF, or whether another NF has subscribed to the first SMF an event report of an item, etc.
[0161] In an embodiment, the first information may be determined based at least partly on at least one of a policy and / or charging function has not provisioned an event trigger for one or more items of the at least one item to the first SMF, the first SMF has subscribed an event report of one or more items of the at least one item using an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the second SMF, or the first SMF does not need one or more items of the at least one item. The first SMF will not report the one or more items of the at least one item to the policy and / or charging function.
[0162] The policy and / or charging function may be any suitable network device or node or entity or function which can support policy and / or charging function. In an embodiment, the policy and / or charging function may be a PCF or a CHF as described in 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1.
[0163] The event trigger may be any suitable event trigger. For example, the event trigger may be at least one of PolicyControlRequestTriggers as defined in Table 5.6.3.6-1 of 3GPP TS 29.512 V18.1.0.
[0164] The event exposure service may be any suitable event exposure service. For example, the event exposure service may be the event exposure service as described in 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1. For example, as described in clause 4.15.4.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1, the AMF invokes the Namf_EventExposure_Notify to provide mobility related events to NF consumers that have subscribed for the events by invoking Namf_EventExposure_Subscribe.
[0165] As a first option, the first information may be determined based on a policy and / or charging function has not provisioned an event trigger for one or more items of the at least one item to the first SMF. For example, if the policy and / or charging function has not provisioned an event trigger for a first item (e.g. uelocation, timezone, serving node or PLMN change) to the first SMF, the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the first item (e.g. uelocation, timezone, serving node or PLMN change) to the first SMF and / or the first item is not required by the first SMF.
[0166] As a second option, the first information may be determined based on the first SMF has subscribed an event report of one or more items of the at least one item using an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the second SMF. For example, if the first SMF has subscribed an event report of a second item (e.g. uelocation or timezone) using an AMF event exposure service, the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the second item (e.g. uelocation or timezone) to the first SMF and / or the second item (e.g. uelocation or timezone) is not required by the first SMF.
[0167] As a third option, the first information may be determined based on the first SMF does not need one or more items of the at least one item. For example, if the first SMF does not need a third item (e.g. security result) , the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the third item (e.g. security result) to the first SMF and / or the third item (e.g. security result) is not required by the first SMF.
[0168] In an embodiment, two or more above options may be combined to determine the first information. For example, when the first and second options are combined, the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the first item and the second item to the first SMF and / or the first item and the second item are not required by the first SMF. When the first and third options are combined, the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the first item and the third item to the first SMF and / or the first item and the third item are not required by the first SMF. When the second and third options are combined, the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the second item and the third item to the second SMF and / or the second item and the third item are not required by the first SMF. When the first, second and third options are combined, the first SMF may determine the first information indicating that the second SMF does not need to report the first item, the second item and the third item to the second SMF and / or the first item, the second item and the third item are not required by the first SMF.
[0169] At block 304, the first SMF may send the first information to the second SMF.
[0170] The first information may be sent to the second SMF in various messages such as new message or existing message. In an embodiment, the first information may be sent to the second SMF in at least one of a protocol data unit (PDU) session create response, a PDU session update request, or a PDU session context response. The PDU session create response, the PDU session update request, or the PDU session context response may be similar to the corresponding messages as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1.
[0171] The first information may be sent to the second SMF in various procedures or at various time points. In an embodiment, the first information may be sent to the second SMF during at least one of a PDU session establishment procedure, a lifetime of a PDU session, or a user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF insertion. The PDU session establishment procedure may be similar to the corresponding procedure as described in 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.3.2) . The lifetime of a PDU session may comprise a PDU session modification or update procedure for example as described in 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.3.3) . The user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF insertion may be similar to the I-SMF insertion or V-SMF insertion procedure as described 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.23) .
[0172] The first information may be comprised in any suitable data. In an embodiment, the first information may be comprised in at least one of PDU session created data, visited session management function update data, or a session management context. For example, the PDU session created data may comprise data within a PDU session create response. The PDU session created data may be similar or same to / as PduSessionCreatedData as described in 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0. The visited session management function update data may comprise data within Update Request towards the second SMF such as V-SMF, or from the first SMF such as SMF or A-SMF to the second SMF such as I-SMF. The visited session management function update data may be similar or same to / as VsmfUpdateData as described in 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0. The session management context may comprise data within a Retrieve SM Context Response. The session management context may be similar or same to / as SmContextRetrievedData as described in 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0.
[0173] In an embodiment, the first information may be used for suppressing sending the at least one item to the first SMF. For example, when the second SMF receives the first information, it may suppress sending the at least one item to the first SMF.
[0174] In an embodiment, suppressing sending the at least one item to the first SMF may comprise: if no other necessary information element needs to be transferred to the first SMF, suppressing sending a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform the at least one item since the at least one item is not needed by the first SMF.
[0175] In an embodiment, suppressing sending the at least one item to the first SMF comprises: if no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, suppressing sending a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform the at least one item.
[0176] In an embodiment, the first information may further indicate that the second SMF sends to the first SMF a message comprising the at least one item when at least one other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The message may further comprise the at least one other item.
[0177] FIG. 3b shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a first SMF or communicatively coupled to the first SMF. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the method 310 as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0178] At block 312, the first SMF may send to the second SMF a message for updating the at least one item (or updating the first information) or deleting the first information (or deleting the at least one item) .
[0179] The first SMF may send to the second SMF the message for updating the at least one item or deleting the first information due to various reasons. For example, when the at least one item needs to be changed or updated or deleted, the first SMF may send to the second SMF the message for updating the at least one item or deleting the first information.
[0180] The first SMF may determine new first information periodically or based on an event trigger. When the new first information is changed comparing to the old first information, the first SMF may send to the second SMF the message for updating the at least one item comprised in the old first information or deleting the old first information.
[0181] For example, the first SMF may determine whether it needs to update the at least one item comprised in the old first information or delete the old first information when at least one of:
[0182] the policy and / or charging function has provisioned an event trigger for an item to the first SMF,
[0183] the policy and / or charging function has removed an event trigger for an item in the first SMF or the event trigger for the item is invalid in the first SMF,
[0184] the first SMF has subscribed an event report of an item using an event exposure service e.g. that doesn't need an interaction with the second SMF,
[0185] the first SMF has unsubscribed an event report of an item using an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the second SMF,
[0186] the first SMF determines an item is needed, or
[0187] the first SMF determines an item is not needed.
[0188] If the first SMF needs to update the at least one item comprised in the old first information or delete the old first information, the first SMF may send to the second SMF the message for updating the at least one item comprised in the old first information or deleting the old first information.
[0189] The message may be any suitable message such as new message or existing message. For example, the message may be a PDU session update request as described in 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1. The message may be sent to the second SMF during a lifetime of a PDU session.
[0190] FIG. 4a shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second SMF or communicatively coupled to the second SMF. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the method 400 as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0191] At block 402, the second SMF may receive first information from a first SMF or an old second SMF.
[0192] In an embodiment, the first information may indicate that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF.
[0193] In an embodiment, the first information may indicate that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF and / or the at least one item is not required by the first SMF.
[0194] For example, the first SMF may send the first information to the second SMF at block 304 of FIG. 3a, and then the second SMF may receive the first information.
[0195] For example, the old second SMF may receive the first information from the first SMF. When the old second SMF is changed to the second SMF (i.e. new second SMF) , the old SMF may send the first information to the second SMF.
[0196] In an embodiment, the first information may be determined based at least partly on at least one of a policy and / or charging function has not provisioned an event trigger for one or more items of the at least one item to the first SMF, the first SMF has subscribed an event report of one or more items of the at least one item using an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the second SMF, or the first SMF does not need one or more items of the at least one item. The first SMF will not report the one or more items of the at least one item to the policy and / or charging function.
[0197] In an embodiment, the first information may be received from the first SMF in at least one of a protocol data unit (PDU) session create response, a PDU session update request, or a PDU session context response.
[0198] In an embodiment, the first information may be received from the old second SMF in a PDU session context response. For example, during a user equipment mobility procedure with the old second SMF change, the new second SMF may send a PDU session context request to the old second SMF, and the old second SMF may send a PDU session context response comprising the first information to the new second SMF.
[0199] In an embodiment, the first information may be received from the first SMF during at least one of a PDU session establishment procedure, a lifetime of a PDU session, or a user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF insertion.
[0200] In an embodiment, the first information may be received from the old second SMF during a user equipment mobility procedure with the old second SMF change. The user equipment mobility procedure with the old second SMF change may be similar to the V-SMF change or I-SMF change procedure as described 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.23) .
[0201] In an embodiment, the first information may be comprised in at least one of PDU session created data, visited session management function update data, or a session management context.
[0202] In an embodiment, the at least one item may comprise at least one changed item.
[0203] In an embodiment, the at least one item may comprise at least one of a serving network, an access network type, an additional access network type, a radio access technology type, a user equipment location, a user equipment time zone, an additional user equipment location, information indicating that a user equipment is in or out of a local area data network service area, a security result associated to a PDU session, user plane security information associated to a PDU session, information indicating whether a user equipment requests to setup an always-on PDU session, information indicating whether a PDU session can be moved to an evolved packet system and whether N26 interface to be used during an evolved packet system interworking procedure, a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow, a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow and / or a whole PDU session, information indicating whether an access network type associated to a PDU session can be changed, information indicating an access to be released, information indicating whether a PDU session is allowed to be upgraded to multi access PDU session, information indicating whether a multi access PDU session is requested, information indicating an access that is unavailable, or information indicating a maximum integrity protected data rate supported by a user equipment for downlink.
[0204] In an embodiment, the first SMF may comprise at least one of an anchor SMF, or a home SMF.
[0205] In an embodiment, the second SMF may comprise at least one of an intermediate SMF, or a visited SMF.
[0206] At block 404, the second SMF may obtain the at least one item. The second SMF may obtain the at least one item in various ways and the present disclosure has no limit on it. For example, the second SMF may obtain the at least one item from AMF or other network functions. For example, when the UE has mobility, the at least one item such as related changed IE (e.g. uelocation, uetimezone, etc. ) may be always sent from AMF to I-SMF / V-SMF.
[0207] At block 406, optionally, the second SMF may suppress sending the at least one item to the first SMF based on the first information. For example, when the second SMF obtains an item, the second SMF may check whether the item belongs to the at least one item. If the item belongs to the at least one item, the second SMF may not send the item to the first SMF based on the first information.
[0208] In an embodiment, if no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, the second SMF may suppress sending a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform the at least one item.
[0209] In an embodiment, if no other necessary information element needs to be transferred to the first SMF, the second SMF may suppress sending a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform the at least one item since the at least one item is not needed by the first SMF. The dedicated message may be any suitable message such as new message or existing message.
[0210] In an embodiment, if other necessary information element needs to be transferred to the first SMF, the second SMF may send a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform other necessary information element. In an embodiment, the dedicated message may comprise the at least one item. In another embodiment, the dedicated message may not comprise the at least one item since the at least one item is not needed by the first SMF.
[0211] At block 408, optionally, the second SMF may send to the first SMF a message comprising the at least one item when at least one other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The message further comprises the at least one other item.
[0212] FIG. 4b shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second SMF or communicatively coupled to the second SMF. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the method 410 as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0213] At block 412, the second SMF may receive from the first SMF a message for updating the at least one item (or updating the first information) or deleting the first information (or deleting the at least one item) . For example, the first SMF may send the message to the second SMF at block 312 of FIG. 3b, and then the second SMF may receive the message from the first SMF.
[0214] At block 414, the second SMF may update the at least one item (or update the first information) or delete the first information (or delete the at least one item) . For example, the updating operation may comprise addition operation, modification operation, deletion operation, etc. The second SMF may update one or more items within the at least one item. The second SMF may delete all items within the at least one item.
[0215] FIG. 4c shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second SMF or communicatively coupled to the second SMF. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the method 420 as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0216] At block 422, the second SMF may store the first information.
[0217] FIG. 4d shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second SMF or communicatively coupled to the second SMF. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the method 430 as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0218] At block 432, the second SMF may send the first information to a new second SMF.
[0219] In an embodiment, the first information may be sent to the new second SMF in a PDU session context response. For example, during a user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF change, the new second SMF may send a PDU session context request to the second SMF (i.e. the old second SMF) , and the second SMF may send a PDU session context response comprising the first information to the new second SMF.
[0220] In an embodiment, the first information may be sent to the new second SMF during a user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF change. The user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF change may be similar to the V-SMF change or I-SMF change procedure as described 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.23) .
[0221] In an embodiment, the first information may be notReportForChangedItems indicator which may be sent to I-SMF / V-SMF during PDU session establishment procedure or PDU session lifetime.
[0222] In an embodiment, during the PDU session establishment procedure or lifetime, there is no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer at least one item or IE such as changed IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to A-SMF / H-SMF in at least one of the following cases:
[0223] The PCF / CHF has not provisioned the event trigger for at least one item or IE to the A-SMF / H-SMF and therefore the A-SMF / H-SMF will not report the at least one item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone, serving node, PLMN change, RAT change) , no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the at least one item or IE such as changed IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to H / A-SMF,
[0224] The A-SMF / H-SMF has subscribed an event report for the at least one item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) by an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the I-SMF / V-SMF, no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the at least one item or IE such as changed IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to H / A-SMF, or
[0225] The A-SMF / H-SMF does not need at least one item or IE (e.g. security result) , no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the at least one item or IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to H / A-SMF.
[0226] In an embodiment, the A-SMF / H-SMF may inform the I-SMF / V-SMF with a new IE “notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) in the Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response or Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request. The I-SMF / V-SMF stores the received notReportForChangedItems.
[0227] In an embodiment, the new notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) may indicate that:
[0228] if an item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. ULI change or time zone change) is in the received notReportForChangedItems and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the I-SMF / V-SMF shall not send a dedicated message such as Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the A-SMF / H-SMF to inform the item or IE such as changed IE since it is not needed by A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0229] In an embodiment, the new notReportForChangedItems can comprise at least one of the following IEs:
[0230] servingNetwork,
[0231] anType,
[0232] additionalAnType,
[0233] ratType,
[0234] ueLocation,
[0235] ueTimeZone,
[0236] Security result,
[0237] addUeLocation,
[0238] alwaysOnRequested,
[0239] epsInterworkingInd,
[0240] secondaryRatUsageReport,
[0241] secondaryRatUsageInfo,
[0242] anTypeCanBeChanged,
[0243] maReleaseInd,
[0244] maNwUpgradeInd,
[0245] maRequestInd,
[0246] unavailableAccesslnd,
[0247] maxIntegrityProtectedDataRateUl, or
[0248] maxIntegrityProtectedDataRateDl.
[0249] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the first information such as notReportForChangedItems indicator may be sent to I-SMF / V-SMF during the PDU session establishment procedure or PDU session lifetime.
[0250] The notReportForChangedItems may comprise at least one IE as defined in Table 6.1.6.2.9-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0 and Table 6.1.6.2.11-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.2.0, for example, the notReportForChangedItems may comprise at least one of:
[0251] servingNetwork,
[0252] anType,
[0253] additionalAnType,
[0254] ratType,
[0255] ueLocation,
[0256] ueTimeZone,
[0257] Security result,
[0258] addUeLocation,
[0259] alwaysOnRequested,
[0260] epsInterworkingInd,
[0261] secondaryRatUsageReport,
[0262] secondaryRatUsageInfo,
[0263] anTypeCanBeChanged,
[0264] maReleaseInd,
[0265] maNwUpgradeInd,
[0266] maRequestInd,
[0267] unavailableAccesslnd,
[0268] maxIntegrityProtectedDataRateUl, or
[0269] maxIntegrityProtectedDataRateDl.
[0270] Note that the flowchart of FIG. 5 is for roaming PDU session with V / H-SMF and is also applicable for PDU session with I / A-SMF for example by replacing the visited NF such as V-SMF by intermediate NF such as I-SMF and replacing the home NF such as H-SMF by anchor NF such as A-SMF.
[0271] Step 1a: During PDU Session Establishment procedure, the V-SMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Request to the H-SMF.
[0272] Step 2a: The H-SMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response (PduSessionCreatedData\notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) to the V-SMF in at least one of the following cases:
[0273] a) The PCF / CHF has not provisioned the event trigger for at least one item or IE to the A-SMF / H-SMF and therefore the A-SMF / H-SMF will not report the at least one item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone, serving node, plmn change, RAT change) to PCF / CHF, no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the at least one item or IE such as changed IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to H / A-SMF,
[0274] b) The A-SMF / H-SMF has subscribed an event report for the at least one item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. uelocation, timezone) by an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the I-SMF / V-SMF, no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the at least one item or IE such as changed IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to H / A-SMF, or
[0275] c) The A-SMF / H-SMF does not need at least one item or IE (e.g. security result) , no need for I-SMF / V-SMF to transfer the at least one item or IE on N16 / N16a interfaces to H / A-SMF.
[0276] Step 1b: During the PDU session lifetime, due to the at least one of the above cases a) or b) or c) such as the event trigger is unsubscribed by the PCF / CHF, the H-SMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request (VsmfUpdateData\notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result, etc. ) to the V-SMF.
[0277] At step 1b, the Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request may comprise the original notReportForChangedItems, e.g. when the Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response does not comprise the original notReportForChangedItems at step 2a. Alternatively, the Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request may comprise the updated notReportForChangedItems, e.g. when the Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response comprises the original notReportForChangedItems at step 2a or a previous Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Request comprises the original notReportForChangedItems.
[0278] Step 2b: The V-SMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Response to the H-SMF.
[0279] Step 3: The UE triggers a mobility procedure.
[0280] Step 4: The NG-RAN sends N2 Path Switch Request to the AMF.
[0281] Step 5: The AMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (toBeSwitched, ueLocation, ueTimezone, N2 Path Switch Request Transfer) to the V-SMF.
[0282] Step 6: The V-SMF sends PFCP Session Modification Request (T-NGRAN-N3-Tunnel) to the V-UPF.
[0283] Step 7: The V-UPF sends PFCP Session Modification Response to the V-SMF.
[0284] Step 8: The V-SMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (Path Switch Request Acknowledge Transfer (V-UPF-N3-Tunnel) ) to the AMF.
[0285] Steps 9a-9b are omitted. Since the changed IE (e.g. ULI change or time zone change) is in the stored notReportForChangedItems and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the V-SMF will NOT send a dedicated Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the H-SMF to inform the changed IE since it is not needed by H-SMF and the H-SMF will not send a Nsmf_PDUSession_Update Response to the V-SMF.
[0286] Step 10: The AMF sends N2 Path Switch Request acknowledge (Ack) to the NG-RAN.
[0287] The messages or terms or abbreviations of FIG. 5 may be same as or similar to the corresponding messages or terms or abbreviations as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.3) or 3GPP TS 32.290 V18.1.0 (e.g. clause 6.2.3) or 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0.
[0288] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the first information such as notReportForChangedItems indicator may be sent to I-SMF / V-SMF during the UE mobility with V-SMF insertion.
[0289] When an I-SMF / V-SMF needs to be inserted for the PDU session due to UE mobility, the A-SMF / H-SMF sends Nsmf_PDUSession_Context Response (SmContextRetrievedData\smContext\notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) to the inserted I-SMF / V-SMF. The inserted I-SMF / V-SMF stores the received notreportForChangedItems.
[0290] Later when the UE performs mobility, if at least one item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. ULI change or Time Zone change) is in the stored notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the I-SMF / V-SMF will NOT send a dedicated message such as Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the A-SMF / H-SMF to inform the at least one item or IE such as changed IE since it is not needed by A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0291] Note that the flowchart of FIG. 6 is for roaming PDU session with V / H-SMF and is also applicable for PDU session with I / A-SMF.
[0292] Step 1: UE has an established PDU session with V-SMF and H-SMF.
[0293] Step 2: The AMF inserts V-SMF e.g. due to UE mobility.
[0294] Step 3: The AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request (PDU Session ID, SM Context identifier (ID) ) to the inserted V-SMF.
[0295] Step 4: The inserted V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Context Request (SmContextRetrieveData) to the H-SMF.
[0296] Step 5: Since the proposed function / solution is enabled and at least one of above options a) , b) , c) is met, the H-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response (SmContextRetrievedData\smContext\notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) to the inserted V-SMF.
[0297] Step 6: The inserted V-SMF stores notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) .
[0298] Step 7: The ongoing mobility procedure is finished.
[0299] Step 8: The UE triggers a mobility procedure.
[0300] Step 9: The NG-RAN sends an N2 Path Switch Request to the AMF.
[0301] Step 10: The AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (toBeSwitched, ueLocation, ueTimezone, N2 Path Switch Request Transfer) to the V-SMF.
[0302] Step 11: The V-SMF sends PFCP Session Modification Request (T-NGRAN-N3-Tunnel) to the visited UPF (V-UPF) .
[0303] Step 12: The V-UPF sends a PFCP Session Modification Response to the V-SMF.
[0304] Step 13: The V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (Path Switch Request Acknowledge Transfer (V-UPF-N3-Tunnel) ) to the AMF.
[0305] Step 14: If the changed IE (e.g. ULI change or Time Zone change) is not in the stored reportForChangedItems and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the V-SMF will NOT send a dedicated message such as Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the H-SMF to inform the changed IE since it is not needed by H-SMF.
[0306] Step 15: The AMF sends an N2 Path Switch Request Ack to the NG-RAN.
[0307] The messages or terms or abbreviations of FIG. 6 may be same as or similar to the corresponding messages or terms or abbreviations as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.9) or 3GPP TS 32.290 V18.1.0 (e.g. clause 6.2.3) or 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0.
[0308] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the first information such as notReportForChangedItems indicator may be sent to I-SMF / V-SMF during the UE mobility with I-SMF / V-SMF change.
[0309] When an I-SMF / V-SMF needs to be changed for the PDU session due to UE mobility, the old I-SMF / V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Context Response (SmContextRetrievedData\smContext\notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) to the new I-SMF / V-SMF. The new I-SMF / V-SMF stores the received notreportForChangedItems.
[0310] Later when the UE performs mobility, if at least one item or IE such as changed IE (e.g. ULI change or Time Zone change) is in the stored notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the V-SMF will NOT send a dedicated message such as Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the A-SMF / H-SMF to inform the at least one item or IE such as changed IE since it is not needed by A-SMF / H-SMF.
[0311] Note that the flowchart of FIG. 7 is for roaming PDU session with V / H-SMF and is also applicable for PDU session with I / A-SMF.
[0312] Step 1: UE has an established PDU session with source V-SMF (S-V-SMF) and H-SMF.
[0313] Step 2: The AMF changes S-V-SMF e.g. due to UE mobility.
[0314] Step 3: The AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request (PDU Session ID, SM Context ID) to the new target V-SMF (T-V-SMF) .
[0315] Step 4: The new T-V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Context Request (SmContextRetrieveData) to the old S-V-SMF.
[0316] Step 5: Since S-V-SMF has the stored notReportForChangedItems, the old S-V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_Create Response (SmContextRetrievedData\smContext\notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) to the new T-V-SMF.
[0317] Step 6: The new T-V-SMF stores notReportForChangedItems (e.g. ULI change, time zone change, security result) .
[0318] Step 7: The ongoing mobility procedure is finished.
[0319] Step 8: The UE triggers a mobility procedure.
[0320] Step 9: The NG-RAN sends an N2 Path Switch Request to the AMF.
[0321] Step 10: The AMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request (toBeSwitched, ueLocation, ueTimezone, N2 Path Switch Request Transfer) to the V-SMF.
[0322] Step 11: The V-SMF sends a PFCP Session Modification Request (T-NGRAN-N3-Tunnel) to the V-UPF.
[0323] Step 12: The V-UPF sends a PFCP Session Modification Response to the V-SMF.
[0324] Step 13: The V-SMF sends an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Response (Path Switch Request Acknowledge Transfer (V-UPF-N3-Tunnel) ) to the AMF.
[0325] Step 14: If the changed IE (e.g. ULI change or Time Zone change) is not in the stored reportForChangedItems and / or no other necessary IE needs to be transferred to A-SMF / H-SMF, the V-SMF will NOT send a message such as dedicated Nsmf_PDUSession_Update request to the H-SMF to inform the changed IE since it is not needed by H-SMF.
[0326] Step 15: The AMF sends an N2 Path Switch Request Ack to the NG-RAN.
[0327] The messages or terms or abbreviations of FIG. 7 may be same as or similar to the corresponding messages or terms or abbreviations as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TS 23.502 V18.1.1 (e.g. clause 4.9) or 3GPP TS 32.290 V18.1.0 (e.g. clause 6.2.3) or 3GPP TS 23.501 V18.1.0 or 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0.
[0328] In an embodiment, the IE “notRreportForChangedItems” may be added in Table 6.1.6.2.10-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0 as following. It is noted that in addition to “notRreportForChangedItems” , other information element with the similar / same meanings may also be used.
[0329] Table 6.1.6.2.10-1: Definition of type PduSessionCreatedData
[0330] In an embodiment, the IE “notRreportForChangedItems” may be added in Table 6.1.6.2.15-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0 as following. It is noted that in addition to “notRreportForChangedItems” , other information element with the similar / same meanings may also be used.
[0331] Table 6.1.6.2.15-1: Definition of type VsmfUpdateData
[0332] In an embodiment, the IE “notRreportForChangedItems” may be added in Table 6.1.6.2.39-1 of 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0 as following. It is noted that in addition to “notRreportForChangedItems” , other information element with the similar / same meanings may also be used.
[0333] Table 6.1.6.2.39-1: Definition of type SmContext
[0334] In an embodiment, Table 4 shows an enumeration of notReportForChangedItem, which may be added in 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0. It is noted that in addition to the IEs shown in Table 4, other information element with the similar / same meanings may also be used. One or more new IEs may be added in Table 4. One or more IEs may be removed from Table 4. The IEs of Table 4 may be same or similar as / to the corresponding IE as described in 3GPP TS 29.502 V18.1.0. DTSSA denotes Deployments Topologies with specific SMF Service Areas.
[0335] Table 4: Enumeration notReportForChangedItem
[0336] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. In some embodiments herein, it may avoid transmission of unnecessary messages (such as roaming signaling messages) between two network nodes such as two SMFs (e.g., I-SMF / V-SMF and A-SMF / H-SMF) . In some embodiments herein, it may save signaling (such as roaming signaling) bandwidth on an interface such as N16 interface, especially for huge amount of users (e.g. several millions of UEs) . In some embodiments herein, it may simplify a PDU mobility procedure (such as roaming PDU mobility procedure) by reducing transmission of unnecessary messages (such as N16 signaling message) . The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.
[0337] For example, it can avoid unnecessary roaming signaling messages transmission from V-SMF to H-SMF, save roaming signaling bandwidth on N16 interface, especially for huge amount of users (e.g. several millions of UEs) . It can simplify the roaming PDU mobility procedure by reducing unnecessary N16 signaling message transmission, reducing the mobility procedure time, especially for huge amount of users (e.g. several millions of UEs) .
[0338] For example, it can avoid unnecessary signaling message transmission from I-SMF to A-SMF, save signaling bandwidth on N16a interface; especially for huge amount of users (e.g. several millions of UEs) . It can simplify the roaming PDU mobility procedure by reducing unnecessary N16a signaling message transmission, reducing the mobility procedure time. especially for huge amount of users (e.g. several millions of UEs) .
[0339] FIG. 8a is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for practicing some embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the first SMF or the second SMF described above may be implemented as or through the apparatus 800.
[0340] The apparatus 800 comprises at least one processor 821, such as a digital processor (DP) , and at least one memory (MEM) 822 coupled to the processor 821. The apparatus 800 may further comprise a transmitter TX and receiver RX 823 coupled to the processor 821. The MEM 822 stores a program (PROG) 824. The PROG 824 may include instructions that, when executed on the associated processor 821, enable the apparatus 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. A combination of the at least one processor 821 and the at least one MEM 822 may form processing means 825 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0341] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer program executable by one or more of the processor 821, software, firmware, hardware or in a combination thereof.
[0342] The MEM 822 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories, as non-limiting examples.
[0343] The processor 821 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
[0344] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the first SMF, the memory 822 contains instructions executable by the processor 821, whereby the first SMF operates according to any of the methods related to the first SMF as described above.
[0345] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the second SMF, the memory 822 contains instructions executable by the processor 821, whereby the second SMF operates according to any of the methods related to the second SMF as described above.
[0346] FIG. 8b is a block diagram showing a first SMF according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown, the first SMF 830 may comprise a determining module 831 configured to determine first information. The first information may indicate that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The first SMF 830 may further comprise a first sending module 832 configured to send the first information to the second SMF.
[0347] In an embodiment, the first SMF 830 may further comprise a second sending module 833 configured to send to the second SMF a message for updating the at least one item or deleting the first information.
[0348] FIG. 8c is a block diagram showing a second SMF according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown, the second SMF 840 may comprise a first receiving module 841 configured to receive first information from a first SMF or an old second SMF. The first information may indicate that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF. The second SMF 840 may further comprise an obtaining module 842 configured to obtain the at least one item.
[0349] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise a suppressing module 843 configured to suppress sending the at least one item to the first SMF based on the first information.
[0350] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise a second receiving module 844 configured to receive from the first SMF a message for updating the at least one item or deleting the first information.
[0351] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise an updating module 845 configured to update the at least one item.
[0352] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise a deleting module 846 configured to delete the first information.
[0353] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise a storing module 847 configured to store the first information.
[0354] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise a first sending module 848 configured to send the first information to a new second SMF.
[0355] In an embodiment, the second SMF 840 may further comprise a second sending module 849 configured to send to the first SMF a message comprising the at least one item when at least one other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, wherein the message further comprises the at least one other item.
[0356] With function units, the first SMF or the second SMF may not need a fixed processor or memory, any computing resource and storage resource may be arranged from the first SMF or the second SMF in the communication system. The introduction of virtualization technology and network computing technology may improve the usage efficiency of the network resources and the flexibility of the network.
[0357] Further, the exemplary overall commutation system including the terminal device and the network node (such as the first SMF or the second SMF) may be introduced.
[0358] The term unit or module may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and / or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and / or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and / or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and / or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
[0359] According to an aspect of the disclosure it is provided a computer program product being tangibly stored on a computer readable storage medium and including instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods as described above.
[0360] According to an aspect of the disclosure it is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods as described above.
[0361] In addition, the present disclosure may also provide a carrier containing the computer program as mentioned above, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, an optical compact disk or an electronic memory device like a RAM (random access memory) , a ROM (read only memory) , Flash memory, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, DVD, Blue-ray disc and the like.
[0362] The techniques described herein may be implemented by various means so that an apparatus implementing one or more functions of a corresponding apparatus described with an embodiment comprises not only prior art means, but also means for implementing the one or more functions of the corresponding apparatus described with the embodiment and it may comprise separate means for each separate function, or means that may be configured to perform two or more functions. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more apparatuses) , firmware (one or more apparatuses) , software (one or more modules) , or combinations thereof. For a firmware or software, implementation may be made through modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
[0363] Exemplary embodiments herein have been described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods and apparatuses. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by various means including computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0364] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the subject matter described herein, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0365] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any implementation or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
[0366] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The above described embodiments are given for describing rather than limiting the disclosure, and it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as those skilled in the art readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims. The protection scope of the disclosure is defined by the accompanying claims.
Claims
1.A method (300) performed by a first session management function, SMF, comprising:determining (302) first information, wherein the first information indicates that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF; andsending (304) the first information to the second SMF.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first information is used for suppressing sending the at least one item to the first SMF.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein suppressing sending the at least one item to the first SMF comprises:if no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, suppressing sending a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform the at least one item.4.the method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the first information further indicates that the second SMF sends to the first SMF a message comprising the at least one item when at least one other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, wherein the message further comprises the at least one other item.5.The method according to claim 1-4, wherein the first information is determined based at least partly on at least one of:a policy and / or charging function has not provisioned an event trigger for one or more items of the at least one item to the first SMF, wherein the first SMF will not report the one or more items of the at least one item to the policy and / or charging function,the first SMF has subscribed an event report of one or more items of the at least one item using an event exposure service that doesn't need an interaction with the second SMF, orthe first SMF does not need one or more items of the at least one item.6.The method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein the first information is sent to the second SMF in at least one of:a protocol data unit, PDU, session create response,a PDU session update request, ora PDU session context response.7.The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the first information is sent to the second SMF during at least one of:a PDU session establishment procedure,a lifetime of a PDU session, ora user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF insertion.8.The method according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the first information is comprised in at least one of:PDU session created data,visited session management function update data, ora session management context.9.The method according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the at least one item comprises at least one changed item.10.The method according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the at least one item comprises at least one of:a serving network,an access network type,an additional access network type,a radio access technology type,a user equipment location,a user equipment time zone,an additional user equipment location,information indicating that a user equipment is in or out of a local area data network service area,a security result associated to a PDU session,user plane security information associated to a PDU session,information indicating whether a user equipment requests to setup an always-on PDU session,information indicating whether a PDU session can be moved to an evolved packet system and whether N26 interface to be used during an evolved packet system interworking procedure,a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow,a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow and / or a whole PDU session,information indicating whether an access network type associated to a PDU session can be changed,information indicating an access to be released,information indicating whether a PDU session is allowed to be upgraded to multi access PDU session,information indicating whether a multi access PDU session is requested,information indicating an access that is unavailable, orinformation indicating a maximum integrity protected data rate supported by a user equipment for downlink.11.The method according to any of claims 1-10, further comprising:sending (312) to the second SMF a message for updating the at least one item or deleting the first information.12.The method according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the first SMF comprises at least one of:an anchor SMF, ora home SMF.13.The method according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the second SMF comprises at least one of:an intermediate SMF, ora visited SMF.14.A method (400) performed by a second session management function, SMF, comprising:receiving (402) first information from a first SMF or an old second SMF, wherein the first information indicates that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF; andobtaining (404) the at least one item.15.The method according to claim 14, further comprising:suppressing (406) sending the at least one item to the first SMF based on the first information.16.The method according to claim 15, wherein suppressing sending the at least one item to the first SMF based on the first information comprises:if no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, suppressing sending a dedicated message to the first SMF to inform the at least one item.17.The method according to any of claims 14-16, further comprising:sending (408) to the first SMF a message comprising the at least one item when at least one other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF, wherein the message further comprises the at least one other item.18.The method according to any of claims 14-17, wherein the first information is received from the first SMF in at least one of:a protocol data unit, PDU, session create response,a PDU session update request, ora PDU session context response.19.The method according to any of claims 14-18, wherein the first information is received from the old second SMF in a PDU session context response.20.The method according to any of claims 14-19, wherein the first information is received from the first SMF during at least one of:a PDU session establishment procedure,a lifetime of a PDU session, ora user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF insertion.21.The method according to any of claims 14-20, wherein the first information is received from the old second SMF during a user equipment mobility procedure with the old second SMF change.22.The method according to any of claims 14-21, wherein the first information is comprised in at least one of:PDU session created data,visited session management function update data, ora session management context.23.The method according to any of claims 14-22, wherein the at least one item comprises at least one changed item.24.The method according to any of claims 14-23, wherein the at least one item comprises at least one of:a serving network,an access network type,an additional access network type,a radio access technology type,a user equipment location,a user equipment time zone,an additional user equipment location,information indicating that a user equipment is in or out of a local area data network service area,a security result associated to a PDU session,user plane security information associated to a PDU session,information indicating whether a user equipment requests to setup an always-on PDU session,information indicating whether a PDU session can be moved to an evolved packet system and whether N26 interface to be used during an evolved packet system interworking procedure,a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow,a usage data report for a secondary radio access technology for a quality of service flow and / or a whole PDU session,information indicating whether an access network type associated to a PDU session can be changed,information indicating an access to be released,information indicating whether a PDU session is allowed to be upgraded to multi access PDU session,information indicating whether a multi access PDU session is requested,information indicating an access that is unavailable, orinformation indicating a maximum integrity protected data rate supported by a user equipment for downlink.25.The method according to any of claims 14-24, further comprising:receiving (412) from the first SMF a message for updating the at least one item or deleting the first information; andupdating (414) the at least one item or deleting the first information.26.The method according to any of claims 14-25, further comprising:storing (422) the first information.27.The method according to any of claims 14-26, further comprising:sending (432) the first information to a new second SMF.28.The method according to claim 27, wherein the first information is sent to the new second SMF during a user equipment mobility procedure with the second SMF change.29.The method according to any of claims 14-28, wherein the first SMF comprises at least one of:an anchor SMF, ora home SMF.30.The method according to any of claims 14-29, wherein the second SMF comprises at least one of:an intermediate SMF, ora visited SMF.31.A first session management function (SMF) (800) , comprising:a processor (821) ; anda memory (822) coupled to the processor (821) , said memory (822) containing instructions executable by said processor (821) , whereby said first SMF (800) is operative to:determine first information, wherein the first information indicates that a second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF; andsend the first information to the second SMF.32.The first SMF according to claim 31, wherein the first SMF is further operative to perform the method of any one of claims 2 to 13.33.A second session management function (SMF) (800) , comprising:a processor (821) ; anda memory (822) coupled to the processor (821) , said memory (822) containing instructions executable by said processor (821) , whereby said second SMF (800) is operative to:receive first information from a first SMF or an old second SMF, wherein the first information indicates that the second SMF does not need to report at least one item to the first SMF when no other item needs to be transferred to the first SMF; andobtain the at least one item.34.The second SMF according to claim 33, wherein the second SMF is further operative to perform the method of any one of claims 15 to 30.35.A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 29.36.A computer program product comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 29.