Roaming service for a client device in case of a failure condition
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing solutions, such as the MINT feature in 3GPP release 17, struggle to efficiently manage service continuity for client devices when a core network fails, leading to potential service interruptions and inefficient resource utilization.
A client device and network access node configuration that allows the client device to receive a release message indicating a disaster condition in the core network, enabling it to switch to a secondary PLMN for service continuity without attempting to reconnect to the failed core network.
This solution minimizes service interruptions and conserves network resources by allowing the client device to seamlessly transition to a secondary network, reducing power consumption and avoiding unnecessary reconnection attempts.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023108188_23012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ROAMING SERVICE FOR A CLIENT DEVICE IN CASE OF A FAILURE CONDITIONTechnical Field
[0001] Embodiments of the invention relate to a client device and a network access node for providing roaming service to the client device in case of a failure condition such as a disaster condition. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention also relate to a network node, corresponding methods and a computer program.Background
[0002] Functionality was implemented in 3GPP release 17 specifications to provide service for a user equipment (UE) when the mobile network of the UE fails to provide service due to a disaster such as e.g., a fire or flooding. The functionality enables a UE of a given public land mobile network (PLMN) to obtain connectivity service such as e.g., voice or data from another PLMN when the UE has a disaster roaming agreement with that PLMN. This feature is called minimization of service interruption (MINT) . In short, the MINT feature enables a UE of a first PLMN in a disaster condition to select and register on a second PLMN from a forbidden PLMN list for the UE. In this way, the UE can obtain service in a disaster condition even when no other PLMNs except PLMNs in the forbidden PLMN list of the UE are available.
[0003] The MINT feature in 3GPP release 17 handles the scenario where a radio access network (RAN) of a PLMN is in a disaster condition and the core network of the PLMN is functional. The disaster condition is notified to other PLMN (s) by the PLMN itself, an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) system or government agencies. How the other PLMNs are notified about the disaster is out of 3GPP scope. The other PLMN (s) can then broadcast information to enable UEs to obtain a disaster roaming service.Summary
[0004] An objective of embodiments of the invention is to provide a solution which mitigates or solves the drawbacks and problems of conventional solutions.
[0005] Another objective of embodiments of the invention is to provide a solution which enables a client device to obtain roaming service in case of a failure condition in a core network serving the client device.
[0006] The above and further objectives are solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
[0007] According to a first aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a client device for a communication system, the client device being configured to:
[0008] receive a first release message from a network access node, the first release message indicating a disaster condition in a first core network of a first public land mobile network, PLMN, serving the client device.
[0009] An advantage of the client device according to the first aspect is that the client device can be informed about the disaster condition in the first core network directly with the release message. The client device will thereby not attempt to reconnect to the first PLMN after the release. The client device can instead take steps to obtain service from another PLMN (s) if the client device subscription allows disaster roaming. In this way, network resources can be saved and the power consumption in the client device can be reduced.
[0010] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0011] receive the first release message when being in a connected state with the network access node and / or having an active packet data unit, PDU, session with the first core network.
[0012] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can use the first release message to release the connection with the client device and inform the client device about the reason for the release. Attempts to reconnect to the unavailable first PLMN can thereby be avoided.
[0013] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0014] move to an idle state upon receiving the first release message.
[0015] An advantage with this implementation form is that the first release message can trigger the client device to release the connection with the network access node and inform the client device about the reason for the release. Attempts to reconnect to the unavailable first PLMN can thereby be avoided.
[0016] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the first release message further indicates a set of second PLMNs configured to provide a disaster roaming service for the first PLMN and / or a system information block 15, SIB15, associated with the set of second PLMNs.
[0017] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can obtain the set of second PLMNs and / or the SIB15 directly from the first release message and does not have to wait for broadcasted system information. This reduces the power consumption in the client device as the client device does not have to perform system information decoding to obtain the set of second PLMNs and / or the SIB15.
[0018] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the set of second PLMNs are a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device.
[0019] An advantage with this implementation form is that the requirements for MINT are met and the client device can obtain service from a PLMN in the set of forbidden PLMNs.
[0020] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the first release message further comprises an indication to request a SIB15, and the client device is configured to:
[0021] transmit a system information request message to the network access node, the system information request message indicating a request for a SIB15; and
[0022] receive the SIB15 from the network access node in response to the system information request message.
[0023] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can request the SIB15 information and does not have to wait for the network access node to broadcast SIB15. Thereby, minimizing the time needed to obtain the SIB15 information.
[0024] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0025] select a second PLMN from the set of second PLMNs for providing the disaster roaming service for the first PLMN based on the first release message.
[0026] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can minimize the time needed to select the second PLMN that provides the disaster roaming service.
[0027] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0028] transmit a PDU session request message to the network access node, the PDU session request message indicating a request for a PDU session with a second core network of the selected second PLMN.
[0029] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device follows the standard procedures to register and request service from the selected second PLMN.
[0030] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0031] receive a second release message from the network access node when having an active PDU session with the second core network of the selected second PLMN, the second release message indicating a disaster over condition in the first core network of the first PLMN.
[0032] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can be informed by the network access node when the disaster is over. This minimizes the time for the client device to deduce when the disaster is over and hence when to attempt to reconnect to the first PLMN.
[0033] In an implementation form of a client device according to the first aspect, the first release message and / or the second release message is a radio resource control, RRC, release message.
[0034] An advantage with this implementation form is that an existing RRC release message with modifications can be used, simplifying the implementation.
[0035] According to a second aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a network access node, the network access node being configured to:
[0036] transmit a first release message to a client device, the first release message indicating a disaster condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device.
[0037] An advantage of the network access node according to the second aspect is that the network access node can use the first release message to directly inform the client device about the disaster condition in the first core network. This saves network resources as the network does not have to broadcast information about the disaster condition.
[0038] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the second aspect, the first release message further indicates a set of second PLMNs configured to provide a disaster roaming service for the first PLMN and / or a SIB15 associated with the set of second PLMNs.
[0039] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can provide the set of second PLMNs and / or the SIB15 directly to the client device without broadcasting them separately. Thereby, saving network resources.
[0040] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the second aspect, the first release message further comprises an indication to request a SIB15, and the network access node is configured to:
[0041] receive a system information request message from the client device, the system information request message indicating a request for a SIB15; and
[0042] transmit the SIB15 to the client device in response to the system information request message.
[0043] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can trigger the client device to request SIB15 and the network access node does not have to broadcast SIB15. Thereby, saving network resources.
[0044] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the second aspect, the network access node is configured to:
[0045] receive a PDU session request message from the client device, the PDU session request message indicating a request for a PDU session with a second core network of a second PLMN.
[0046] An advantage with this implementation form is that standard procedures to register and request service from the selected second PLMN are followed.
[0047] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the second aspect, the network access node is configured to:
[0048] transmit a second release message to the client device when the client device has an active PDU session with the second core network of the second PLMN, the second release message indicating a disaster over condition in the first core network of the first PLMN.
[0049] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can directly inform the client device when the disaster is over in the first core network. This saves resources for both the client device and the network access node.
[0050] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the second aspect, the first release message and / or the second release message is a RRC release message.
[0051] An advantage with this implementation form is that an existing RRC release message with modifications can be used, simplifying the implementation.
[0052] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the second aspect, the network access node belongs to a shared radio access network, RAN, the shared RAN being shared by the first core network of the first PLMN and a set of second core networks of a set of second PLMNs.
[0053] An advantage with this implementation form is that the operators of the first PLMN and the set of second PLMNs can provide disaster roaming services to each other’s client devices via the shared RAN when a disaster happens.
[0054] According to a third aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a method for a client device, the method comprises:
[0055] receiving a first release message from a network access node, the first release message indicating a disaster condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device.
[0056] The method according to the third aspect can be extended into implementation forms corresponding to the implementation forms of the client device according to the first aspect. Hence, an implementation form of the method comprises the feature (s) of the corresponding implementation form of the client device.
[0057] The advantages of the methods according to the third aspect are the same as those for the corresponding implementation forms of the client device according to the first aspect.
[0058] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a method for a network access node, the method comprises:
[0059] transmitting a first release message to a client device, the first release message indicating a disaster condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device.
[0060] The method according to the fourth aspect can be extended into implementation forms corresponding to the implementation forms of the network access node according to the second aspect. Hence, an implementation form of the method comprises the feature (s) of the corresponding implementation form of the network access node.
[0061] The advantages of the methods according to the fourth aspect are the same as those for the corresponding implementation forms of the network access node according to the second aspect.
[0062] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a network access node for a communication system, the network access node being configured to:
[0063] select a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device upon determining a failure condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device; and
[0064] transmit a reconfiguration message to the client device, the reconfiguration message indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network of the first PLMN.
[0065] An advantage of the network access node according to the fifth aspect is that the network access node can reconfigure the client device to obtain service from the selected second PLMN without leaving the RRC connected state when the first core network is not functional. The service interruption for the client device is thereby minimized.
[0066] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the network access node is configured to:
[0067] receive a set of service indication messages from a set of second core networks of a set of second PLMNs, each service indication message indicating that a second PLMN in the set of second PLMNs is available to provide a roaming service for the first PLMN; and
[0068] select the second PLMN for the client device from the set of second PLMNs based on the received set of service indication messages.
[0069] An advantage with this implementation form is that the second core networks from the set of second PLMNs can independently inform the network access node that they can provide the roaming service to the client device of the first core network.
[0070] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the network access node is configured to:
[0071] transmit a set of service transfer request messages to the set of second core networks of the set of second PLMNs, each service transfer request message indicating a request for a roaming service for the client device; and
[0072] receive the set of service indication message from the set of second core networks of the set of second PLMNs in response to the transmitted set of service transfer request messages.
[0073] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can request information from the second core networks if they can provide roaming service for the client device.
[0074] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the service indication message and / or the service transfer request message indicates one or more of an identity of the client device, a context of the client device and a quality of service associated with the client device.
[0075] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can provide information related to the client device such as the context stored at the network access node, the identities and the quality of service attributes of the service between the client device and the first core network to the second core networks. This information helps the set of second core networks to determine the best service they can provide considering the load in their system. In addition, the network access can receive information from the second core networks about the best service they can provide.
[0076] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the network access node is configured to:
[0077] transmit a PLMN request message to the client device, the PLMN request message indicating a request for a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device;
[0078] receive a PLMN response message from the client device, the PLMN response message indicating a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device;
[0079] select the second PLMN for the client device from the set of forbidden PLMNs based on the received PLMN response message.
[0080] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can obtain information about forbidden PLMNs from the client device, i.e., can get information only known to the client device. The network access node can then select the second PLMN from among the received set of forbidden PLMNs.
[0081] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the network access node is configured to:
[0082] initiate a transfer of a context of the client device from the first core network of the first PLMN to a second core network of the selected second PLMN.
[0083] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can trigger the transfer of the context and thereby provide the second core network with information related to the client device and the quality of service attributes between the client device and the first core network.
[0084] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, initiate the transfer of a context of the client device comprises transmitting a transfer context message to a network node in the second core network of the selected second PLMN.
[0085] An advantage with this implementation form is that the network access node can transfer the context of the client device directly to a network node within the second core network of the selected second PLMN.
[0086] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the failure condition is a disaster condition and the roaming service is a disaster roaming service.
[0087] An advantage with this implementation form is that the solution can provide a disaster roaming service for the client device when the first core network fails due to a disaster such as flooding, fire, etc.
[0088] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, one or more of the reconfiguration message, the PLMN request message and the PLMN response message is a RRC message.
[0089] An advantage with this implementation form is that RRC signaling, either modified existing RRC messages or new RRC messages, can be used for reconfiguration, requesting PLMN information and / or obtaining PLMN information from the client device. Thereby, simplifying implementation.
[0090] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the service indication message is a downlink RAN configuration transfer message and / or the service transfer request message is an uplink RAN configuration transfer message.
[0091] An advantage with this implementation form is that existing messages with modifications can be used to transfer the context, request service, etc. Thereby, simplifying implementation.
[0092] In an implementation form of a network access node according to the fifth aspect, the network access node belongs to a shared RAN, the shared RAN being shared by the first core network of the first PLMN and a set of second core networks of a set of second PLMNs.
[0093] An advantage with this implementation form is that the operators of the first PLMN and the set of second PLMNs can provide roaming services to each other’s client devices via the shared RAN when a disaster happens.
[0094] According to a sixth aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a network node for a second core network of a second PLMN, the network node being configured to:
[0095] transmit a service indication message to a network access node, the service indication message indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.
[0096] An advantage of the network node according to the sixth aspect is that the second core network can directly inform the network access node that it can provide roaming services to client devices served by the first PLMN prior to a request for a roaming service. Thereby, minimizing the time for a client device to obtain a roaming service from the second PLMN.
[0097] In an implementation form of a network node according to the sixth aspect, the network node is configured to:
[0098] transmit the service indication message to the network access node upon determining a failure condition in a first core network of the first PLMN.
[0099] An advantage with this implementation form is that the second core network upon determining the failure condition in the first core network can directly inform the network access node that it can provide roaming services to client devices that are affected by the failure condition in the first core network.
[0100] In an implementation form of a network node according to the sixth aspect, the network node is configured to:
[0101] transmit the service indication message to the network access node upon reception of a service transfer request message from the network access node, the service transfer request message indicating a request for a roaming service for a client device.
[0102] An advantage with this implementation form is that the second core network can wait with providing roaming service information until the network access node specifically asks for a roaming service for a client device. Thereby, saving network resources.
[0103] In an implementation form of a network node according to the sixth aspect, the network node is configured to:
[0104] receive a transfer context message from the network access node, the transfer context message indicating a request for a transfer of a context of a client device from a first core network of the first PLMN to the second core network of the second PLMN; and
[0105] establish a PDU session with the client device based on the transfer context message.
[0106] An advantage with this implementation form is that the second core network receives the context of the client device from the network access node and thus can determine the type of roaming service it needs to provide to the client device, enabling the second core network to establish a suitable PDU session with the client device.
[0107] In an implementation form of a network node according to the sixth aspect, establish the PDU session with the client device comprises transmitting a PDU session establishment message to the client device, the PDU session establishment message indicating a request to establish a PDU session with the client device.
[0108] An advantage with this implementation form is that the PDU session can be established using standard procedures between the client device and the second core network.
[0109] In an implementation form of a network node according to the sixth aspect, the failure condition is a disaster condition and the roaming service is a disaster roaming service.
[0110] An advantage with this implementation form is that the solution can provide a disaster roaming service for the client device when the first core network fails due to a disaster such as flooding, fire, etc.
[0111] In an implementation form of a network node according to the sixth aspect, the service indication message is a downlink RAN configuration transfer message and / or the service transfer request message is an uplink RAN configuration transfer message.
[0112] An advantage with this implementation form is that existing messages with modifications can be used to transfer the context, request service, etc. Thereby, simplifying implementation.
[0113] According to a seventh aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a client device for a communication system, the client device being configured to:
[0114] receive a reconfiguration message from a network access node, the reconfiguration message indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device and a failure condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device.
[0115] An advantage of the client device according to the first aspect is that the client device can obtain roaming service from the selected second PLMN without leaving the RRC connected state when the first core network is not functional. Thereby, minimizing service interruption.
[0116] In an implementation form of a client device according to the seventh aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0117] reconfigure one or more radio bearers to the network access node based on the reconfiguration message.
[0118] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can reconfigure its radio bearers and protocol entities without changing the state.
[0119] In an implementation form of a client device according to the seventh aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0120] receive a PLMN request message from the network access node prior to receiving the reconfiguration message, the PLMN request message indicating a request for a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device;
[0121] transmit a PLMN response message to the network access node, the PLMN response message indicating a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device.
[0122] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can provide PLMN related information only available in the client device to the network access node so that the network access node can select the second PLMN from the set of forbidden PLMNs.
[0123] In an implementation form of a client device according to the seventh aspect, the client device is configured to:
[0124] receive a PDU session establishment message from a network node in a second core network of the second PLMN, the PDU session establishment message indicating a request to establish a PDU session with the client device; and
[0125] establish a PDU session with the second core network of the second PLMN based on the PDU session establishment message.
[0126] An advantage with this implementation form is that the client device can establish a PDU session with the second core network of the second PLMN with minimal procedures at the client device, i.e., without having to select the second PLMN, register and request service.
[0127] In an implementation form of a client device according to the seventh aspect, the failure condition is a disaster condition and the roaming service is a disaster roaming service.
[0128] An advantage with this implementation form is that the solution can provide a disaster roaming service for the client device when the first core network fails due to a disaster such as flooding, fire, etc.
[0129] In an implementation form of a client device according to the seventh aspect, one or more of the reconfiguration message, the PLMN request message and the PLMN response message is a RRC message.
[0130] An advantage with this implementation form is that RRC signaling, either modified existing RRC messages or new RRC messages, can be used for reconfiguration and / or exchange of PLMN information. Thereby, simplifying implementation.
[0131] According to an eighth aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a method for a network access node, the method comprises:
[0132] selecting a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device upon determining a failure condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device; and
[0133] transmitting a reconfiguration message to the client device, the reconfiguration message indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network of the first PLMN.
[0134] The method according to the eighth aspect can be extended into implementation forms corresponding to the implementation forms of the network access node according to the fifth aspect. Hence, an implementation form of the method comprises the feature (s) of the corresponding implementation form of the network access node.
[0135] The advantages of the methods according to the eighth aspect are the same as those for the corresponding implementation forms of the network access node according to the fifth aspect.
[0136] According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a method for a network node, the method comprises:
[0137] transmitting a service indication message to a network access node, the service indication message indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.
[0138] The method according to the ninth aspect can be extended into implementation forms corresponding to the implementation forms of the network node according to the sixth aspect. Hence, an implementation form of the method comprises the feature (s) of the corresponding implementation form of the network node.
[0139] The advantages of the methods according to the ninth aspect are the same as those for the corresponding implementation forms of the network node according to the sixth aspect.
[0140] According to a tenth aspect of the invention, the above mentioned and other objectives are achieved with a method for a client device, the method comprises:
[0141] receiving a reconfiguration message from a network access node, the reconfiguration message indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device and a failure condition in a first core network of a first PLMN serving the client device.
[0142] The method according to the tenth aspect can be extended into implementation forms corresponding to the implementation forms of the client device according to the seventh aspect. Hence, an implementation form of the method comprises the feature (s) of the corresponding implementation form of the client device.
[0143] The advantages of the methods according to the tenth aspect are the same as those for the corresponding implementation forms of the client device according to the seventh aspect.
[0144] Embodiments of the invention also relate to a computer program, characterized in program code, which when run by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to execute any method according to embodiments of the invention. Further, embodiments of the invention also relate to a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium and the mentioned computer program, wherein the computer program is included in the computer readable medium, and may comprises one or more from the group of: read-only memory (ROM) , programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable PROM (EPROM) , flash memory, electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM) , hard disk drive, etc.
[0145] Further applications and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0146] The appended drawings are intended to clarify and explain different embodiments of the invention, in which:
[0147] - Fig. 1 shows a client device according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0148] - Figs. 2-3 show flow charts of methods for a client device according to embodiments of the invention;
[0149] - Fig. 4 shows a network access node according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0150] - Figs. 5-6 show flow charts of methods for a network access node according to embodiments of the invention;
[0151] - Fig. 7 shows a network node according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0152] - Fig. 8 shows a flow chart of a method for a network node according to embodiments of the invention;
[0153] - Fig. 9 shows a communication system according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0154] Fig. 10 shows signaling for handling a disaster condition according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0155] Fig. 11 shows signaling for handling a disaster over condition according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0156] Fig. 12 shows signaling for selecting a second PLMN based on a failure condition according to an embodiment of the invention; and
[0157] Fig. 13 shows signaling for providing roaming service to a client device according to an embodiment of the invention.Detailed Description
[0158] The MINT feature in 3GPP release 17 handles the scenario when a RAN of a PLMN fails. Recently new requirements were added to support the scenario when a core network of a PLMN fails but the RAN is still functional.
[0159] To avoid the repeated construction of 5G network infrastructure and save cost, a multi operator core network (MOCN) network sharing scenario, where the RAN is shared by multiple core networks, has been introduced to the 5G system. With the shared RAN configuration, when a core network of an operator fails, the service interruption can be minimized by temporarily using a roaming service provided by a core network of another operator in the MOCN. However, as the RAN is still available, the UE may attempt to reconnect to the core network of its operator instead of requesting roaming service from a core network of another operator in the MOCN.
[0160] According to embodiments of the invention a solution is therefore provided which enables a client device to be informed about a failure condition in a core network of a PLMN serving the client device. The client device is thereby enabled to request roaming service from a core network of another PLMN or the on-going service of the client device can be transferred to the core network of the other PLMN.
[0161] Fig. 1 shows a client device 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the client device 100 comprises a processor 102, a transceiver 104 and a memory 106. The processor 102 is coupled to the transceiver 104 and the memory 106 by communication means 108 known in the art. The client device 100 further comprises an antenna or antenna array 110 coupled to the transceiver 104, which means that the client device 100 is configured for wireless communications in a communication system.
[0162] The processor 102 may be referred to as one or more general-purpose central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more programmable logic devices, one or more discrete gates, one or more transistor logic devices, one or more discrete hardware components, or one or more chipsets. The memory 106 may be a read-only memory, a random access memory (RAM) , or a non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) . The transceiver 104 may be a transceiver circuit, a power controller, or an interface providing capability to communicate with other communication modules or communication devices. The transceiver 104, memory 106 and / or processor 102 may be implemented in separate chipsets or may be implemented in a common chipset.
[0163] That the client device 100 is configured to perform certain actions can in this disclosure be understood to mean that the client device 100 comprises suitable means, such as e.g., the processor 102 and the transceiver 104, configured to perform the actions.
[0164] According to embodiments of the invention the client device 100 is configured to receive a first release message 502 from a network access node 300, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0165] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, the client device 100 for a communication system 500 comprises: a transceiver configured to: receive a first release message 502 from a network access node 300, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0166] Moreover, in yet another embodiment of the invention, the client device 100 for a communication system 500 comprises a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive a first release message 502 from a network access node 300, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0167] Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 200 which may be executed in a client device 100, such as the one shown in Fig. 1. The method 200 comprises receiving 202 a first release message 502 from a network access node 300, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0168] According to embodiments of the invention the client device 100 is configured to receive a reconfiguration message 510 from a network access node 300, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 and a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0169] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, the client device 100 for a communication system 500 comprises: a transceiver configured to: receive a reconfiguration message 510 from a network access node 300, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 and a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0170] Moreover, in yet another embodiment of the invention, the client device 100 for a communication system 500 comprises a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive a reconfiguration message 510 from a network access node 300, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 and a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0171] Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 210 which may be executed in a client device 100, such as the one shown in Fig. 1. The method 210 comprises receiving 212 a reconfiguration message 510 from a network access node 300, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 and a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0172] Fig. 4 shows a network access node 300 according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the network access node 300 comprises a processor 302, a transceiver 304 and a memory 306. The processor 302 is coupled to the transceiver 304 and the memory 306 by communication means 308 known in the art. The network access node 300 may be configured for wireless and / or wired communications in a communication system. The wireless communication capability may be provided with an antenna or antenna array 310 coupled to the transceiver 304, while the wired communication capability may be provided with a wired communication interface 312 e.g., coupled to the transceiver 304.
[0173] The processor 302 may be referred to as one or more general-purpose CPU, one or more DSPs, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, one or more discrete gates, one or more transistor logic devices, one or more discrete hardware components, one or more chipsets. The memory 306 may be a read-only memory, a RAM, or a NVRAM. The transceiver 304 may be a transceiver circuit, a power controller, or an interface providing capability to communicate with other communication modules or communication devices, such as network nodes and network servers. The transceiver 304, the memory 306 and / or the processor 302 may be implemented in separate chipsets or may be implemented in a common chipset.
[0174] That the network access node 300 is configured to perform certain actions can in this disclosure be understood to mean that the network access node 300 comprises suitable means, such as e.g., the processor 302 and the transceiver 304, configured to perform the actions.
[0175] According to embodiments of the invention the network access node 300 is configured to transmit a first release message 502 to a client device 100, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0176] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, the network access node 300 for a communication system 500 comprises: a transceiver configured to: transmit a first release message 502 to a client device 100, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0177] Moreover, in yet another embodiment of the invention, the network access node 300 for a communication system 500 comprises a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: transmit a first release message 502 to a client device 100, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0178] Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 400 which may be executed in a network access node 300, such as the one shown in Fig. 4. The method 400 comprises transmitting 402 a first release message 502 to a client device 100, the first release message 502 indicating a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0179] According to embodiments of the invention the network access node 300 is configured to select a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device 100 upon determining a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100; and transmit a reconfiguration message 510 to the client device 100, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0180] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, the network access node 300 for a communication system 500 comprises: a processor configured to: select a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device 100 upon determining a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100; and a transceiver configured to transmit a reconfiguration message 510 to the client device 100, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0181] Moreover, in yet another embodiment of the invention, the network access node 300 for a communication system 500 comprises a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: select a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device 100 upon determining a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100; and transmit a reconfiguration message 510 to the client device 100, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0182] Fig. 6 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 410 which may be executed in a network access node 300, such as the one shown in Fig. 4. The method 410 comprises selecting 412 a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device 100 upon determining a failure condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100. The method 410 further comprises transmitting 414 a reconfiguration message 510 to the client device 100, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0183] Fig. 7 shows a network node 720 for a second core network 700 of a second PLMN according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the network node 720 comprises a processor 702, a transceiver 704 and a memory 706. The processor 702 is coupled to the transceiver 704 and the memory 706 by communication means 708 known in the art. The network node 720 may be configured for wireless and / or wired communications in a communication system. The wireless communication capability may be provided with an antenna or antenna array 710 coupled to the transceiver 704, while the wired communication capability may be provided with a wired communication interface 712 e.g., coupled to the transceiver 704.
[0184] The processor 702 may be referred to as one or more general-purpose CPU, one or more DSPs, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, one or more discrete gates, one or more transistor logic devices, one or more discrete hardware components, one or more chipsets. The memory 706 may be a read-only memory, a RAM, or a NVRAM. The transceiver 704 may be a transceiver circuit, a power controller, or an interface providing capability to communicate with other communication modules or communication devices, such as network nodes and network servers. The transceiver 704, the memory 706 and / or the processor 702 may be implemented in separate chipsets or may be implemented in a common chipset.
[0185] That the network node 720 is configured to perform certain actions can in this disclosure be understood to mean that the network node 720 comprises suitable means, such as e.g., the processor 702 and the transceiver 704, configured to perform the actions.
[0186] According to embodiments of the invention the network node 720 is configured to transmit a service indication message 520 to a network access node 300, the service indication message 520 indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.
[0187] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the invention, the network node 720 for a second core network 700 of a second PLMN comprises: a transceiver configured to: transmit a service indication message 520 to a network access node 300, the service indication message 520 indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.
[0188] Moreover, in yet another embodiment of the invention, the network node 720 for a second core network 700 of a second PLMN comprises a processor and a memory having computer readable instructions stored thereon which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: transmit a service indication message 520 to a network access node 300, the service indication message 520 indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.
[0189] Fig. 8 shows a flow chart of a corresponding method 800 which may be executed in a network node 720, such as the one shown in Fig. 7. The method 800 comprises transmitting 802 a service indication message 520 to a network access node 300, the service indication message 520 indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.
[0190] Fig. 9 shows a communication system 500 according to an embodiment of the invention. The communication system 500 in the disclosed embodiment comprises a client device 100, a network access node 300, a first core network 600 of a first PLMN and a set of second core networks 700a, 700b, 700c of a set of second PLMNs configured to communicate and operate in the communication system 500. Each second core network 700n is associated with a respective second PLMN PLMN2n. The communication system 500 may be a communication system according to the 3GPP standard such as e.g., a 5G system in which case the client device 100 may be a user equipment (UE) and the network access node 300 may be a next generation node B (gNB) but the invention is not limited thereto.
[0191] With reference to Fig. 9, the network access node 300 may be connected to each of the core networks 600, 700a, 700b, 700c, i.e., the network access node 300 may be shared by the core networks 600, 700a, 700b, 700c and hence shared by the PLMNs associated with the core networks 600, 700a, 700b, 700c. The network access node 300 may e.g., belong to a shared RAN, the shared RAN being shared by the first PLMN PLMN1 and the set of second PLMNs PLMN 2a, PLMN2b, PLMN2c. In case one of the core networks 600, 700a, 700b, 700c fails, one or more of the other core networks 600, 700a, 700b, 700c may provide roaming service to client devices 100 of the failed core network. Thus, the set of second core networks 700a, 700b, 700c of the set of second PLMNs PLMN 2a, PLMN2b, PLMN2c may be configured to provide a roaming service to client devices 100 being served by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN PLMN1 if the first core network 600 becomes unavailable e.g., due to a disaster.
[0192] In the shown embodiment, it is assumed that the client device 100 is served by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN, i.e., the client device 100 has an on-going service with the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The first PLMN may e.g., be a home PLMN for the client device 100. The service may be provided via the network access node 300 and the client device 100 may hence be in a connected state with the network access node 300. The client device 100 may further have an active PDU session with the first core network 600. The service provided by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN to the client device 100 may be a communication service such as a voice service and / or a data service.
[0193] In case the first core network 600 of the first PLMN fails and is no longer available to provide the service to the client device 100, as indicated with a cross in Fig. 9, it would be beneficial if one of the second core networks 700a, 700b, 700c could provide roaming service to the client device 100, even if the client device 100 is forbidden to roam into the set of second PLMNs PLMN 2a, PLMN2b, PLMN2c under normal conditions. The set of second PLMNs PLMN 2a, PLMN2b, PLMN2c may e.g., be PLMNs which are on a forbidden PLMN list in the client device 100. When the first PLMN PLMN1 is a home PLMN for the client device 100, the set of second PLMNs PLMN 2a, PLMN2b, PLMN2c may e.g., be other PLMNs in the same country as the home PLMN.
[0194] According to embodiments of the invention new procedures for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 in case of a failure in the first core network 600 serving the client device 100 is therefore provided. In embodiments, the network access node 300 releases the connection to the client device 100 with an indication of a disaster condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100, as described with reference to Fig. 10 and 11. The indication of the disaster condition enables the client device 100 to initiate a procedure to select a second PLMN available to provide disaster roaming service to the client device 100 and establish a PDU session with a second core network 700 of the second PLMN, instead of attempting to reconnect to the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0195] In other embodiments, the network access node 300 selects a second core network 700 of a second PLMN for providing roaming service to the client device 100 and transfers a context of the client device 100 to the selected second core network 700 of the second PLMN, as described with reference to Fig. 12 and 13. In this way, the connection between the network access node 300 and the client device 100 can be reconfigured instead of released and the interruption to the service provided to the client device 100 can be minimized.
[0196] Fig. 10 shows signaling for handling a disaster condition in a first core network 600 of a first PLMN serving the client device 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The service provided by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN is provided via the network access node 300. The network access node 300 may belong to a shared RAN, the shared RAN being shared by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN and a set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of a set of second PLMNs. The first PLMN and the set of second PLMNs may be configured to provide disaster roaming services for each other in case of a disaster condition in their respective core networks 600, 700a, 700b, …700n. The disaster condition may be due to a disaster such as e.g., a fire, a flood. However, the disaster condition may be any event which causes a failure in the first core network 600, making the first core network 600 unavailable to provide service to the client device 100.
[0197] In step I in Fig. 10, the client device 100 is being served by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The client device 100 may be in a connected state with the network access node 300 and have an active PDU session with the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0198] In step II in Fig. 10, a failure occurs in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN, making the first core network 600 of the first PLMN unavailable. The failure may be due to a disaster or another type of event preventing the first core network 600 to provide service. The first core network 600 of the first PLMN may hence be in a disaster condition.
[0199] In step III in Fig. 10, the network access node 300 transmits a first release message 502 to the client device 100. The network access node 300 may transmit the first release message 502 to release the connection with the client device 100. The first release message 502 may e.g., indicate a request for the client device 100 to move from the connected state with the network access node 300 to an idle state. The first release message 502 indicates the disaster condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100, i.e., the first release message 502 indicates the reason for the release. The indication may be a flag or a single bit but is not limited thereto. The indication may further be a new release cause indicating a disaster.
[0200] The network access node 300 may transmit the first release message 502 upon determining the disaster condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100, i.e., upon determining that the first core network 600 of the first PLMN has become unavailable and can no longer provide service to the client device 100.
[0201] The network access node 300 may determine the disaster condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN by being notified about the disaster condition or by detecting the disaster condition. When a disaster affecting the first core network 600 occurs, the first PLMN, an OAM system and / or a government agency may notify other PLMN (s) and / or RAN(s) about the disaster condition. In embodiments, the network access node 300 may hence obtain a notification about the disaster condition, e.g., from the first PLMN, the OAM system or the government agency. The network access node 300 may further determine the disaster condition by detecting that the first core network 600 of the first PLMN does not respond, e.g., becomes unresponsive for a pre-determined period of time.
[0202] In embodiments, the first release message 502 is a radio resource control (RRC) release message. The first release message 502 may e.g., be a RRC release message according to the 3GPP specifications enhanced to comprise an information element for indicating a disaster condition. The first release message 502 may further be a new RRC message or a medium access control -control element (MAC-CE) .
[0203] With reference to Fig. 10, the client device 100 receives the first release message 502 from the network access node 300 and hence obtains the indication of the disaster condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100. The client device 100 may receive the first release message 502 when being in a connected state with the network access node 300 and / or having an active PDU session with the first core network 600. With the indication of the disaster condition, the client device 100 is informed about the cause of the release and knows that the first core network 600 of the first PLMN is unavailable due to a disaster. Instead of attempting to re-establish the PDU session with the first core network 600, the client device 100 may hence attempt to get a disaster roaming service from another PLMN.
[0204] Upon receiving the first release message 502, the client device 100 may move to an idle state in step IV in Fig. 10. In other words, based on the indication that the first core network 600 of the first PLMN is no longer available, the client device 100 may move from the connected state with the network access node 300 to the idle state.
[0205] The client device 100 may then look for a second PLMN which can provide disaster roaming service to the client device 100. To select a suitable second PLMN, the client device 100 may consider information received from the network access node 300 and / or pre-configured in the client device 100. The network access node 300 may e.g., broadcast information in system information blocks (SIBs) which enables the client device 100 to select a suitable second PLMN. According to embodiments of the invention one or more parts of the SIB information is comprised in the first release message 502 by the network access node 300. In this way, the client device 100 does not have to wait for the SIB information to be broadcasted.
[0206] Thus, in embodiments, the first release message 502 may further indicate a set of second PLMNs configured to provide a disaster roaming service for the first PLMN and / or a SIB15 associated with the set of second PLMNs. The client device 100 may hence obtain the set of second PLMNs and / or the SIB15 associated with the set of second PLMNs from first release message 502 and use this information to select a second PLMN which is suitable to provide disaster roaming service. The SIB15 may be a SIB15 according to the 3GPP specification and indicate applicable disaster roaming information for the set of second PLMNs.
[0207] The set of second PLMNs may be a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device 100. The set of second PLMNs may e.g., be PLMNs which under normal conditions are PLMNs which the client device 100 are forbidden to roam into and which are configured in the client device 100 as forbidden PLMNs. The forbidden PLMNs may e.g., be other PLMNs in the country in which the client device 100 has its home PLMN.
[0208] In embodiments, the first release message 502 further comprises an indication to request a SIB15. In this case, the client device 100 may transmit a system information request message 504 to the network access node 300, as shown in optional step V in Fig. 10. The system information request message 504 indicates a request for a SIB15 and may be a system information request according to the 3GPP standard enhanced to also be able to request a SIB15.
[0209] In optional step VI in Fig. 10, the network access node 300 transmits the SIB15 and the client device 100 receives the SIB15 from the network access node 300 in response to the system information request message 504. However, as previously described the SIB15 may in embodiments instead be included in the first releases message 502 or transmitted by the network access node 300 as part of conventional broadcasting of SIB information.
[0210] In step VII in Fig. 10, the client device 100 selects a second PLMN from the set of second PLMNs for providing the disaster roaming service for the first PLMN based on the first release message 502. The selection may be based on the set of second PLMNs indicated in the first release message 502 and / or the SIB15 indicated in the first release message 502 or broadcasted by the network access node 300. The client device 100 may further select the second PLMN from a set of forbidden PLMNs configured in the client device 100.
[0211] When a second PLMN has been selected, the client device 100 may request a disaster roaming service from a second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN (not shown in Fig. 10) . This may comprise the client device 100 transmitting a PDU session request message 506 to the network access node 300. The PDU session request message 506 indicating a request for a PDU session with the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN. The network access node 300 receives the PDU session request message 506 and forwards the request for a PDU session to the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN. The PDU session may be established by signaling between the client device 100, the network access node 300 and one or more network nodes in the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN in a conventional way.
[0212] According to embodiments of the invention the network access node 300 may notify the client device 100 when the first core network 600 of the first PLMN becomes available again, i.e., when the disaster condition is over, such that the client device 100 can return to the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0213] Fig. 11 shows signaling for handling of a disaster over condition according to an embodiment of the invention. In the shown embodiment, it is assumed that a second core network 700 of a second PLM provides a disaster roaming service to the client device 100 after a disaster condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100.
[0214] In step I in Fig. 11, the network access node 300 transmits a second release message 502′ to the client device 100. The second release message 502′ indicates a disaster over condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The indication may be a flag or a single bit but is not limited thereto. The indication may further be a new release cause indicating a disaster over. The second release message 502′ is transmitted when the client device 100 has an active PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN and may be transmitted to indicate that the client device 100 can return to the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The second release message 502′ may be a RRC release message. The second release message 502′ may e.g., be a RRC release message according to the 3GPP specifications enhanced to comprise an information element for indicating a disaster over condition.
[0215] The network access node 300 may transmit the second release message 502′upon determining a disaster over condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN, i.e., upon determining that the first core network 600 of the first PLMN has become available again after a disaster. In a similar way as for the disaster condition, the network access node 300 may determine the disaster over condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN by being notified that the disaster is over or by detecting that the first core network 600 of the first PLMN is available again.
[0216] The network access node 300 may transmit the second release message 502′ immediately upon determining the disaster over condition or after a time period. When the second release message 502′ is transmitted may depend on the type of disaster roaming service being provided to the client device 100, e.g., if the disaster roaming service is a voice service or a data service. The timing of the transmission of the second release message 502′ may further depend on a priority associated with the provided service and / or the client device 100.
[0217] The client device 100 receives the second release message 502′ from the network access node 300 and hence obtains the indication of the disaster over condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The client device 100 receives the second release message 502′ when having an active PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN.
[0218] Based on the second release message 502′, the client device 100 moves to the idle state in step II in Fig. 11. The client device 100 hence releases the connection with the network access node 300 and the PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN.
[0219] In step III in Fig. 11, the client device 100 registers and request service from the first core network 600 of the first PLMN using conventional procedures. Step III may comprise signaling between the client device 100, the network access node 300 and the first core network 600 (not shown in Fig. 11) to register the client device 100 with the first PLMN and establish a PDU session between the client device 100 and the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0220] According to embodiments of the invention a context of the client device 100 is transferred from a first core network 600 of a first PLMN to a second core network 700 of a second PLMN based on a failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The transfer of the context may be initiated by the network access node 300 to provide a roaming service for the client device 100 in case of a failure such as a disaster. The transfer of the context may further be performed without releasing the existing connection between the network access node 300 and the client device 100. The context of the client device 100 may be a 5G mobility management (5GMM) context and may include a security context, a service area context, a non-public network (NPN) context etc.
[0221] The failure condition may be a disaster condition and the roaming service may be a disaster roaming service. However, the failure may also be related to other types of failures leading to the first core network 600 of the first PLMN being unavailable. For example, the failure may be a failure affecting a communication link such as e.g., a satellite link between the network access node 300 and the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0222] The network access node 300 may belong to a shared RAN. The shared RAN being shared by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN and a set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of a set of second PLMNs. The first PLMN and the set of second PLMNs may be configured to provide roaming services for each other in case of a failure condition in their respective core networks 600, 700a, 700b, …700n.
[0223] Fig. 12 shows signaling for selecting a second PLMN for the client device 100 based on a failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The signaling may be performed to select a second PLMN to provide roaming service for the client device 100. For example, a disaster roaming service in case the failure condition is a disaster condition.
[0224] In step I in Fig. 12, the client device 100 is being served by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The client device 100 may be in a connected state with the network access node 300 and have an active PDU session with the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0225] In step II in Fig. 12, a failure occurs in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN, making the first core network 600 of the first PLMN unavailable. The failure may be due to a disaster or another type of event preventing the first core network 600 to provide service.
[0226] In step III in Fig. 12, the network access node 300 exchanges information with a set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of a set of second PLMNs to obtain information about second PLMNs available, e.g., having capacity, to provide a roaming service for the client device 100. The exchange of information may be triggered by the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN in step II in Fig. 12. As previously described, the network access node 300 may be notified about the failure condition or detect the failure condition.
[0227] With reference to Fig. 12, the exchange of information in step III may comprise the network access node 300 transmitting a set of service transfer request messages 530a, 530b, …, 530n to the set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of the set of second PLMNs. Each service transfer request message 530 indicating a request for a roaming service for the client device 100. The service transfer request message 530 may indicate one or more of an identity of the client device 100, a context of the client device 100 and a quality of service associated with the client device 100. This information may be used by the receiving second core network 700 to determine whether the second core network 700 can provide the requested roaming service to the client device 100. In embodiments, the service transfer request message 530 may indicating a request for a roaming service for a plurality of client devices 100 served by the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0228] In response to the transmitted set of service transfer request messages 530a, 530b, …, 530n, the network access node 300 receives a set of service indication message 520a, 520b, …, 520n from the set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of the set of second PLMNs. Each service indication message 520 indicates that a second PLMN in the set of second PLMNs is available to provide a roaming service for the first PLMN.
[0229] In embodiments, the network access node 300 may receive the set of service indication messages 520a, 520b, …, 520n from the set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of the set of second PLMNs without transmitting any service transfer request message 530. The set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of the set of second PLMNs may detect or be notified about the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN and may transmit the set of service indication messages 520a, 520b, …, 520n based on the failure condition to indicate that they are available to provide a roaming service for the first PLMN.
[0230] The network access node 300 may transmit the service transfer request message 530 to a network node 720 in the respective second core network 700 of the respective second PLMN and may receive the service indication message 520 from the network node 720. Thus, in embodiments, the network node 720 in the second core network 700 of the second PLMN may transmit a service indication message 520 to the network access node 300. The service indication message 520 indicates that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for the first PLMN. The network node 720 may e.g., be an access management function (AMF) but is not limited thereto.
[0231] The network node 720 may transmit the service indication message 520 to the network access node 300 upon determining a failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The network node 720 may further transmit the service indication message 520 to the network access node 300 upon reception of a service transfer request message 530 from the network access node 300, the service transfer request message 530 indicating a request for a roaming service for the client device 100.
[0232] The service indication message 520 and / or the service transfer request message 530 may indicate one or more of an identity of the client device 100, a context of the client device 100 and a quality of service associated with the client device 100. In this way, the set of second core networks 700a, 700b, …700n of the set of second PLMNs can be informed about the characteristics and / or requirements of the service of the client device 100. The service indication message 520 may be a downlink RAN configuration transfer message and / or the service transfer request message 530 may be an uplink RAN configuration transfer message. The service indication message 520 and / or the service transfer request message 530 may further be new messages. The service indication message 520 may e.g., be denoted a disaster roaming service indication message and the service transfer request message 530 may e.g., be denoted a disaster roaming service request message.
[0233] In embodiments, the network access node 300 may further obtain a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device 100 based on the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. This is illustrated in optional step IV in Fig. 12, which comprises the network access node 300 transmitting a PLMN request message 540 to the client device 100. The PLMN request message 540 indicating a request for a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device 100. Based on the PLMN request message 540, the client device 100 transmit a PLMN response message 550 to the network access node 300. The PLMN response message 550 indicates a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device 100. The network access node 300 receives the PLMN response message 550 from the client device 100 and hence obtains the set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device 100 indicated in the PLMN response message 550. The PLMN request message 540 may be a new RRC message and the PLMN response message 550 may be a new or modified existing RRC message such as e.g., a UE assistance information message according to the 3GPP standard or a new message.
[0234] In step V in Fig. 12, the network access node 300 selects a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100. The network access node 300 selects the second PLMN upon determining the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100. The selection may be based on the information received by the network access node 300 in step III and / or step IV in Fig. 12. Thus, the network access node 300 may select the second PLMN for the client device 100 from the set of second PLMNs based on the received set of service indication messages 520a, 520b, …, 520n. The network access node 300 may further select the second PLMN for the client device 100 from the set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device 100 based on the received PLMN response message 550. If more than one second PLMN in the set of second PLMNs are available to provide the roaming service to the client device 100, the network access node 300 may select the second PLMN e.g., based on the quality of service that the respective second PLMN can provide.
[0235] In step VI in Fig. 12, the network access node 300 reconfigures the connection to the client device 100 and initiate a transfer of a context of the client device 100 from the first core network 600 of the first PLMN to the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN, as further described with reference to Fig. 13. In this way, the context of the client device 100 may be transferred to the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN without releasing the connection between the network access node 300 and the client device 100. The service interruption to the client device 100 may hence be minimized.
[0236] Fig. 13 shows signaling for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 from a selected second PLMN according to an embodiment of the invention. In the shown embodiment the roaming service is provided by the network access node 300 initiating a transfer of a context of the client device 100 to the selected second PLMN.
[0237] In step I in Fig. 13, the network access node 300 selects a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 upon determining a failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100. The selection of the second PLMN for providing the roaming service may be performed according to the procedure described in Fig. 12.
[0238] In step II in Fig. 13, the network access node 300 initiates the transfer of the context of the client device 100 by transmitting a transfer context message 560 to a network node 720 in the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN. The transfer context message 560 may indicates one or more of an identity of the client device, a context of the client device and a quality of service associated with the client device. The transfer context message 560 may e.g., be an uplink RAN configuration transfer message according to the 3GPP standard or a new message.
[0239] The network node 720 receives the transfer context message 560 from the network access node 300 and hence obtains the request for the transfer of the context indicated in the transfer context message 560. From the transfer context message 560 the network node 720 may further obtain one or more of the identity of the client device, the context of the client device and the quality of service associated with the client device indicated in the transfer context message 560. This information indicates the type of PDU session needed to support the context of the client device 100.
[0240] Based on the received transfer context message 560, the network node 720 establishes a PDU session with the client device 100. Establishing the PDU session with the client device 100 may comprise the network node 720 transmitting a PDU session establishment message 570 to the client device 100, as shown in step III in Fig. 13. The PDU session establishment message 570 indicates a request to establish a PDU session with the client device 100.
[0241] The client device 100 receives the PDU session establishment message 570 from the network node 720 in the second core network 700 of the second PLMN. The PDU session establishment message 570 indicates the request to establish a PDU session with the client device 100. Based on the PDU session establishment message 570, the client device 100 establish a PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN. The PDU establishment between the client device 100 and the second core network 700 may comprise further signaling between the client device 100, the network access node 300 and one or more network nodes in the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN. The further signaling (not shown in Fig. 13) may be performed using convention procedures.
[0242] In step IV in Fig. 13, the network access node 300 transmits a reconfiguration message 510 to the client device 100, the reconfiguration message 510 indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The reconfiguration message 510 may be a RRC message such as a RRC reconfiguration message according to the 3GPP standard enhanced with one or more information elements to indicate the selected second PLMN and the failure condition. The reconfiguration message 510 may further be a new RRC message or a MAC-CE.
[0243] The network access node 300 may transmit the reconfiguration message 510 to reconfigure one or more radio bearers with the client device 100. The one or more radio bearers may be reconfigured to be adapted to the PDU session established between the client device 100 and the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN, i.e., to be suitable for the roaming service to be provided over the PDU session.
[0244] The client device 100 receives the reconfiguration message 510 from the network access node 300. The reconfiguration message 510 indicating the second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device 100 and the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN serving the client device 100. The client device 100 is thereby informed about the disaster in the first core network 600 and the second PLMN selected by the network access node 300 to provide roaming service to the client device 100. The client device 100 may e.g., use this information when establishing the PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN. In embodiments, the client device 100 may hence establishing the PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN based the PDU session establishment message 570 from the network node 720 in the second core network 700 and / or the reconfiguration message 510 from the network access node 300.
[0245] Based on the reconfiguration message 510, the client device 100 may reconfigure one or more radio bearers to the network access node 300 in step V in Fig. 13. As mentioned above, the client device 100 may reconfigure the one or more radio bearers to the network access node 300 to adapt the one or more radio bearers to the PDU session established between the client device 100 and the second core network 700 of the selected second PLMN.
[0246] In step VI in Fig. 13, the PDU session has been established between the client device 100 and the second core network 700 of the second PLMN, i.e., the client device 100 is being served by the second core network 700 of the second PLMN. Thus, the client device 100 is in a connected state with the network access node 300 and has an active PDU session with the second core network 700 of the second PLMN.
[0247] When the failure condition in the first core network 600 of the first PLMN is over, the network access node 300 may initiate a transfer of the context for the client device 100 back to the first core network 600 of the first PLMN. The procedure described with reference to Fig. 13 may hence be repeated but this time to transfer the context from the second core network 700 of the second PLMN to the first core network 600 of the first PLMN.
[0248] The client device herein may be denoted as a user device, a user equipment (UE) , a mobile station, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a wireless terminal and / or a mobile terminal, and is enabled to communicate wirelessly in a wireless communication system, sometimes also referred to as a cellular radio system. The UEs may further be referred to as mobile telephones, cellular telephones, computer tablets or laptops with wireless capability. The UEs in this context may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled to communicate voice and / or data, via a radio access network (RAN) , with another communication entity, such as another receiver or a server. The UE may further be a station, which is any device that contains an IEEE 802.11-conformant media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM) . The UE may be configured for communication in 3GPP related long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced, fifth generation (5G) wireless systems, such as new radio (NR) , and their evolutions, as well as in IEEE related Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and their evolutions.
[0249] The network access node herein may also be denoted as a radio network access node, an access network access node, an access point (AP) , or a base station (BS) , e.g., a radio base station (RBS) , which in some networks may be referred to as transmitter, “gNB” , “gNodeB” , “eNB” , “eNodeB” , “NodeB” or “B node” , depending on the standard, technology and terminology used. The radio network access nodes may be of different classes or types such as e.g., macro eNodeB, home eNodeB or pico base station, based on transmission power and thereby the cell size. The radio network access node may further be a station, which is any device that contains an IEEE 802.11-conformant MAC and PHY interface to the WM. The radio network access node may be configured for communication in 3GPP related LTE, LTE-advanced, 5G wireless systems, such as NR and their evolutions, as well as in IEEE related Wi-Fi, WiMAX and their evolutions.
[0250] The network node herein may also be denoted as an access and management function (AMF) or a session management function (SMF) . The AMF or the SMF may be a function configured for communication in 3GPP related LTE and LTE-Advanced, in WiMAX and its evolution, and in fifth generation wireless technologies, such as new radio (NR) .
[0251] Furthermore, any method according to embodiments of the invention may be implemented in a computer program, having code means, which when run by processing means causes the processing means to execute the steps of the method. The computer program is included in a computer readable medium of a computer program product. The computer readable medium may comprise essentially any memory, such as previously mentioned a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, a flash memory, an EEPROM, or a hard disk drive.
[0252] Moreover, it should be realized that the client device and the network access node comprise the necessary communication capabilities in the form of e.g., functions, means, units, elements, etc., for performing or implementing embodiments of the invention. Examples of other such means, units, elements and functions are: processors, memory, buffers, control logic, encoders, decoders, rate matchers, de-rate matchers, mapping units, multipliers, decision units, selecting units, switches, interleavers, de-interleavers, modulators, demodulators, inputs, outputs, antennas, amplifiers, receiver units, transmitter units, DSPs, TCM encoder, TCM decoder, power supply units, power feeders, communication interfaces, communication protocols, etc. which are suitably arranged together for performing the solution.
[0253] Therefore, the processor (s) of the client device and the network access node may comprise, e.g., one or more instances of a CPU, a processing unit, a processing circuit, a processor, an ASIC, a microprocessor, or other processing logic that may interpret and execute instructions. The expression “processor” may thus represent a processing circuitry comprising a plurality of processing circuits, such as e.g., any, some or all of the ones mentioned above. The processing circuitry may further perform data processing functions for inputting, outputting, and processing of data comprising data buffering and device control functions, such as call processing control, user interface control, or the like.
[0254] Finally, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but also relates to and incorporates all embodiments within the scope of the appended independent claims.
Claims
1.A client device (100) for a communication system (500) , the client device (100) being configured to:receive a first release message (502) from a network access node (300) , the first release message (502) indicating a disaster condition in a first core network (600) of a first public land mobile network, PLMN, serving the client device (100) .2.The client device (100) according to claim 1, configured to:receive the first release message (502) when being in a connected state with the network access node (300) and / or having an active packet data unit, PDU, session with the first core network (600) .3.The client device (100) according to claim 1 or 2, configured to:move to an idle state upon receiving the first release message (502) .4.The client device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first release message (502) further indicates a set of second PLMNs configured to provide a disaster roaming service for the first PLMN and / or a system information block 15, SIB15, associated with the set of second PLMNs.5.The client device (100) according to claim 4, wherein the set of second PLMNs are a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device (100) .6.The client device (100) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first release message (502) further comprises an indication to request a SIB15, and the client device (100) is configured to:transmit a system information request message (504) to the network access node (300) , the system information request message (504) indicating a request for a SIB15; andreceive the SIB15 from the network access node (300) in response to the system information request message (504) .7.The client device (100) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, configured to:select a second PLMN from the set of second PLMNs for providing the disaster roaming service for the first PLMN based on the first release message (502) .8.The client device (100) according to claim 7, configured to:transmit a PDU session request message (506) to the network access node (300) , the PDU session request message (506) indicating a request for a PDU session with a second core network (700) of the selected second PLMN.9.The client device (100) according to claim 8, configured to:receive a second release message (502′) from the network access node (300) when having an active PDU session with the second core network (700) of the selected second PLMN, the second release message (502′) indicating a disaster over condition in the first core network (600) of the first PLMN.10.The client device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first release message (502) and / or second release message (502′) is a radio resource control, RRC, release message.11.A network access node (300) for a communication system (500) , the network access node (300) being configured to:transmit a first release message (502) to a client device (100) , the first release message (502) indicating a disaster condition in a first core network (600) of a first PLMN serving the client device (100) .12.The network access node (300) according to claim 11, wherein the first release message (502) further indicates a set of second PLMNs configured to provide a disaster roaming service for the first PLMN and / or a SIB15 associated with the set of second PLMNs.13.The network access node (300) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the first release message (502) further comprises an indication to request a SIB15, and the network access node (300) is configured toreceive a system information request message (504) from the client device (100) , the system information request message (504) indicating a request for a SIB15; andtransmit the SIB15 to the client device (100) in response to the system information request message (504) .14.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, configured to:receive a PDU session request message (506) from the client device (100) , the PDU session request message (506) indicating a request for a PDU session with a second core network (700) of a second PLMN.15.The network access node (300) according to 14, configured to:transmit a second release message (502′) to the client device (100) when the client device (100) has an active PDU session with the second core network (700) of the second PLMN, the second release message (502′) indicating a disaster over condition in the first core network (600) of the first PLMN.16.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the first release message (502) and / or second release message (502′) is a RRC release message.17.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the network access node (300) belongs to a shared radio access network, RAN, the shared RAN being shared by the first core network (600) of the first PLMN and a set of second core networks (700a, 700b, …700n) of a set of second PLMNs.18.A method (200) for a client device (100) , the method (200) comprises:receiving (202) a first release message (502) from a network access node (300) , the first release message (502) indicating a disaster condition in a first core network (600) of a first public land mobile network, PLMN, serving the client device (100) .19.A method (400) for a network access node (300) , the method (400) comprises:transmitting (402) a first release message (502) to a client device (100) , the first release message (502) indicating a disaster condition in a first core network (600) of a first PLMN serving the client device (100) .20.A computer program with a program code for performing a method according to claim 18 or 19 when the computer program runs on a computer.21.A network access node (300) for a communication system (500) , the network access node (300) being configured to:select a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device (100) upon determining a failure condition in a first core network (600) of a first PLMN serving the client device (100) ; andtransmit a reconfiguration message (510) to the client device (100) , the reconfiguration message (510) indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network (600) of the first PLMN.22.The network access node (300) according to claim 21, configured to:receive a set of service indication messages (520a, 520b, …, 520n) from a set of second core networks (700a, 700b, …700n) of a set of second PLMNs, each service indication message (520) indicating that a second PLMN in the set of second PLMNs is available to provide a roaming service for the first PLMN; andselect the second PLMN for the client device (100) from the set of second PLMNs based on the received set of service indication messages (520a, 520b, …, 520n) .23.The network access node (300) according to claim 22, configured to:transmit a set of service transfer request messages (530a, 530b, …, 530n) to the set of second core networks (700a, 700b, …700n) of the set of second PLMNs, each service transfer request message (530) indicating a request for a roaming service for the client device (100) ; andreceive the set of service indication message (520a, 520b, …, 520n) from the set of second core networks (700a, 700b, …700n) of the set of second PLMNs in response to the transmitted set of service transfer request messages (530a, 530b, …, 530n) .24.The network access node (300) according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the service indication message (520) and / or the service transfer request message (530) indicates one or more of an identity of the client device (100) , a context of the client device (100) and a quality of service associated with the client device (100) .25.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 21 to 24, configured to:transmit a PLMN request message (540) to the client device (100) , the PLMN request message (540) indicating a request for a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device (100) ;receive a PLMN response message (550) from the client device (100) , the PLMN response message (550) indicating a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device (100) ;select the second PLMN for the client device (100) from the set of forbidden PLMNs based on the received PLMN response message (550) .26.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 21 to 25, configured to:initiate a transfer of a context of the client device (100) from the first core network (600) of the first PLMN to a second core network (700) of the selected second PLMN.27.The network access node (300) according to claim 26, wherein initiate the transfer of a context of the client device (100) comprises transmitting a transfer context message (560) to a network node (720) in the second core network (700) of the selected second PLMN.28.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the failure condition is a disaster condition and the roaming service is a disaster roaming service.29.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein one or more of the reconfiguration message (510) , the PLMN request message (540) and the PLMN response message (550) is a RRC message.30.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein the service indication message (520) is a downlink RAN configuration transfer message and / or the service transfer request message (530) is an uplink RAN configuration transfer message.31.The network access node (300) according to any one of claims 21 to 30, wherein the network access node (300) belongs to a shared RAN, the shared RAN being shared by the first core network (600) of the first PLMN and a set of second core networks (700a, 700b, … 700n) of a set of second PLMNs.32.A network node (720) for a second core network (700) of a second PLMN, the network node (720) being configured to:transmit a service indication message (520) to a network access node (300) , the service indication message (520) indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.33.The network node (720) according to claim 32, configured to:transmit the service indication message (520) to the network access node (300) upon determining a failure condition in a first core network (600) of the first PLMN.34.The network node (720) according to claim 32 or 33, configured to:transmit the service indication message (520) to the network access node (300) upon reception of a service transfer request message (530) from the network access node (300) , the service transfer request message (530) indicating a request for a roaming service for a client device (100) .35.The network node (720) according to any one of claims 32 to 34, configured to:receive a transfer context message (560) from the network access node (300) , the transfer context message (560) indicating a request for a transfer of a context of a client device (100) from a first core network (600) of the first PLMN to the second core network (700) of the second PLMN; andestablish a PDU session with the client device (100) based on the transfer context message (560) .36.The network node (720) according to claim 35, wherein establish the PDU session with the client device (100) comprises transmitting a PDU session establishment message (570) to the client device (100) , the PDU session establishment message (570) indicating a request to establish a PDU session with the client device (100) .37.The network node (720) according to any one of claims 32 to 36, wherein the failure condition is a disaster condition and the roaming service is a disaster roaming service.38.The network node (720) according to any one of claims 32 to 37, wherein the service indication message (520) is a downlink RAN configuration transfer message and / or the service transfer request message (530) is an uplink RAN configuration transfer message.39.A client device (100) for a communication system (500) , the client device (100) being configured to:receive a reconfiguration message (510) from a network access node (300) , the reconfiguration message (510) indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device (100) and a failure condition in a first core network (600) of a first PLMN serving the client device (100) .40.The client device (100) according to claim 39, configured to:reconfigure one or more radio bearers to the network access node (300) based on the reconfiguration message (510) .41.The client device (100) according to claim 39 or 40, configured to:receive a PLMN request message (540) from the network access node (300) prior to receiving the reconfiguration message (510) , the PLMN request message (540) indicating a request for a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device (100) ;transmit a PLMN response message (550) to the network access node (300) , the PLMN response message (550) indicating a set of forbidden PLMNs for the client device (100) .42.The client device (100) according to any one of claims 39 to 41, configured to:receive a PDU session establishment message (570) from a network node (720) in a second core network (700) of the second PLMN, the PDU session establishment message (570) indicating a request to establish a PDU session with the client device (100) ; andestablish a PDU session with the second core network (700) of the second PLMN based on the PDU session establishment message (570) .43.The client device (100) according to any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein the failure condition is a disaster condition and the roaming service is a disaster roaming service.44.The client device (100) according to any one of claims 39 to 43, wherein one or more of the reconfiguration message (510) , the PLMN request message (540) and the PLMN response message (550) is a RRC message.45.A method (410) for a network access node (300) , the method (410) comprises:selecting (412) a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to a client device (100) upon determining a failure condition in a first core network (600) of a first PLMN serving the client device (100) ; andtransmitting (414) a reconfiguration message (510) to the client device (100) , the reconfiguration message (510) indicating the selected second PLMN and the failure condition in the first core network (600) of the first PLMN.46.A method (800) for a network node (720) , the method (800) comprises:transmitting (802) a service indication message (520) to a network access node (300) , the service indication message (520) indicating that the second PLMN is available to provide a roaming service for a first PLMN.47.A method (210) for a client device (100) , the method (210) comprises:receiving (212) a reconfiguration message (510) from a network access node (300) , the reconfiguration message (510) indicating a second PLMN for providing a roaming service to the client device (100) and a failure condition in a first core network (600) of a first PLMN serving the client device (100) .48.A computer program with a program code for performing a method according to any one of claims 45 to 47 when the computer program runs on a computer.