Spectacle lenses with field-of-vision-modulated imaging quality

Abstract

The invention relates to a spectacle lens (100) with an effective zone (10) which is such that for each point of vision on a spectacle lens rear surface (8) within the effective zone (10) an imaging quality of the spectacle lens (100) is maximal in a beam direction of a primary beam (13) belonging to the respective point of vision and the primary beams (13) of all points of vision in the effective zone (10) intersect substantially in a common eye-side primary beam intersection point (30). The invention also relates to a pair of spectacles comprising at least one spectacle lens (100) according to the invention.

Description

[0001]Applicant: Rodenstock GmbH "Lenses with visual field modulated image quality" Our reference: R 3363WO - hb / msc Description The invention relates to a spectacle lens and a pair of spectacles. In particular, the invention relates to a spectacle lens and a pair of spectacles with a field of vision that has a modulated image quality, in particular for myopia control. Especially with spectacle lenses for the correction of myopia, the often noticeable tendency for myopia to progress leads to a decrease in the wearing comfort of once fitted spectacle lenses and thus also in the wearer's satisfaction and the tolerability of the spectacles after a short time. In general, myopia is increasing dramatically worldwide, especially in Asia. The WHO estimates that by 2050, over 50% of all people will be myopic. As the myopia of the individual increases, so does the risk of associated eye diseases such asRetinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration are increasing rapidly. Therefore, there is great interest in slowing the progression of myopia. There are several approaches to slowing the progression of myopia using optical aids (vision aids). However, all of these approaches have in common that they are very complex and expensive, and also relatively inflexible when it comes to adapting to rapidly changing circumstances (e.g., changes in eyeglass prescriptions, demands on the visual system). To date, various optical effects regarding the tolerance and comfort of ophthalmic lenses, particularly spectacle lenses, have been investigated with regard to their influence on myopia and / or hyperopia, as well as their progression or development depending on the optical and physiological mechanisms that are intended to explain or slow down progression or advancement, particularly deterioration.Existing approaches are essentially based on projecting the image in front of the retina, as this is intended to slow the longitudinal growth of the eye. It has been shown that it is sufficient (or even better) if this occurs only in the periphery of the retina. One possible approach is the use of bifocal lenses and / or progressive lenses (PAL). On the one hand, the addition of the lenses projects an area in the peripheral region in front of the retina when looking into the distance, and on the other hand, when looking up close, at least when accommodation is insufficient, the image is not projected behind the retina. This works better for children with accommodative insufficiency and / or convergence excess. However, with such approaches, acceptable results are only achieved in a small group with convergence excess. Bifocal lenses are cosmetically unacceptable, especially for children.Another approach is based on special PAL (or radially symmetric PAL) with a central sharp imaging power and peripheral addition (see, for example, the document DE 102009053467 A1). PAL, as in these two approaches, have areas with large aberrations. If the lens power changes, which is often the case with children, a new, expensive lens must be manufactured at great expense. Furthermore, peripheral vision and also foveal vision when looking through the periphery of the lens are severely reduced by the aberrations. If high demands are placed on the visual system (e.g. in road traffic), this can only be solved with a second pair of single-vision glasses. This further increases the effort and cost of changing the prescription. The acceptance of such solutions is therefore often low. Other approaches are based, for example, on special contact lenses.For example, progressive contact lenses with a higher plus power in the periphery than in the central area have been studied. However, this also impairs foveal vision when the contact lens moves on the eye. Furthermore, here too, a change in strength requires a new lens to be made, which is a complex process. Furthermore, handling and reliability are limited in children. This is particularly true for young children, and what makes it even more difficult is that the greatest effect is actually achieved when measures to slow myopia begin in early childhood. Another approach with contact lenses uses so-called Ortho-K contact lenses, which are worn overnight and deform the cornea. This is intended to correct myopia centrally and also create a plus power in the periphery (compared to the central one).Here, too, each contact lens has special requirements, and a new lens must be manufactured at great expense, e.g., in the case of a new prescription. Furthermore, the effects of corneal deformation on the metabolism and structure of the cornea are unclear, particularly in young children. The problem for spectacle wearers resulting from the progression of myopia is the steadily decreasing comfort of wearing glasses once fitted. One possible approach to myopia control is the use of spectacle lenses with small additional lenses (so-called lenslets) with additional positive refractive power. These additional lenses are made of knob-like structures. The additional effect leads to a local shift of the focal point in front of the retina and is intended to counteract excessive longitudinal growth of the eye.In the zone with the lenslets ("active zone"), the power distribution is discontinuous: In the area of ​​the lenslets, the image is blurred, while in the area between them it is sharp. When looking through the active zone, these lenslets are irritating because they locally prevent sharp imaging. When the eye moves through this active zone while looking, further irritation occurs because the arrangement of the lenslets in front of the pupil changes depending on the direction of gaze. Therefore, known spectacle lenses for myopia control usually have a central area where good vision is possible and one or more peripheral areas where the image quality is degraded when viewing objects (e.g., due to an additional spherical and / or astigmatic optical effect or diffuse scattered light, as disclosed, for example, in the documents WO 2019152438A1 or WO 2020014613A1).The actual reason for the myopia progression-inhibiting effect is currently still the subject of research, but appears to be caused by the more frequent use of the central lens area for viewing objects (central vision) over time. Objects viewed through the central area of ​​the lens have better image quality than objects not currently being fixated in the field of vision (peripheral vision), which are viewed through the degrading areas of the lens. In summary, known lenses for myopia control allow the quality of vision to be varied across the field of vision, i.e., depending on the current direction of gaze. There are also contact lenses for myopia control that have better imaging properties for central vision and poorer imaging properties for peripheral vision.Because a contact lens is placed directly on the eye and moves with it, it offers better central and poorer peripheral image quality, regardless of the direction of gaze. Such contact lenses therefore have a permanent myopia progression-inhibiting effect, regardless of the direction of gaze, and also provide consistent image quality for central vision. They therefore do not affect the coordination of the head and eyes when focusing on objects located peripherally from the viewer. In summary, known contact lenses for myopia control enable the variation of image quality across the field of vision, i.e., independent of the current direction of gaze.Within the scope of the present invention, it has been found that conventional spectacle lenses for myopia control have the following disadvantages in particular: - Conventional spectacle lenses for myopia control have a similarly poor or sometimes even poorer image quality in central vision when fixating objects through the areas of the lens that degrade the image quality compared to peripheral vision, and therefore do not have a permanent myopia progression-inhibiting effect. - Conventional spectacle lenses for myopia control have an image quality that changes depending on the direction of gaze in central vision, which means that uncomfortable head positions must sometimes be adopted when fixating on peripherally located objects in the field of vision. To avoid the above disadvantages, for example,Active (particularly electroactive) spectacle lenses controlled by an eye tracker are conceivable, but such solutions are technically very complex and expensive. One object of the present invention is to improve the lasting compatibility of spectacles and thus achieve long-term wearing comfort at a reasonable cost. This object is achieved according to the invention by a spectacle lens having the features specified in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.A first independent aspect for solving the problem concerns a spectacle lens with a range of action such that for each viewing point on a rear surface of the lens within the range of action, an image quality of the spectacle lens is maximum in a beam direction of a primary beam belonging to the respective viewing point and the primary rays of all viewing points in the range of action essentially intersect at a common eye-side primary beam intersection point.In other words, the spectacle lens has a field of action, wherein the field of action is particularly designed such that for each visual point in the field of action of the spectacle lens, there exists at least one associated primary ray for which the imaging quality of the spectacle lens has a maximum, wherein for all visual points in the field of action, the respective associated primary rays essentially intersect at a (specified) eye-side primary ray intersection point. Within the scope of the invention, a "visual point" is understood to mean, in particular, any (geometric) point on the spectacle lens through which a viewer or spectacle wearer can look. The spectacle lens thus has a plurality of visual points. In particular, the spectacle lens can be formally regarded as the set of all visual points.A visual point can generally refer to a volume of the lens, a front surface of the lens, a rear surface of the lens, or an inner surface or layer of the lens. For the purpose of a clear definition, a visual point in this description refers in particular to the rear surface of the lens (i.e., the eye-side lens surface). The "effective range" of the lens can extend over at least a portion (in particular, a continuous portion) of the lens.For example, the effective range of the spectacle lens can extend over approximately 20% (in particular over at least 20%), preferably over approximately 30% (in particular over at least 30%), more preferably over approximately 40% (in particular over at least 40%), even more preferably over approximately 50% (in particular over at least 50%), even more preferably over approximately 80% (in particular over at least 80%), even more preferably over approximately 90% (in particular over at least 90%) and most preferably over more than 90% of the spectacle lens or one or more surfaces (in particular the front and / or back surface) of the spectacle lens. It is understood that a maximum extent or a maximum diameter of the effective range depends on the size of the spectacle lens (e.g. a spectacle lens rimmed for inclusion in a frame) and / or is predetermined. In particular, the effective range can extend over a maximum of 100% of the spectacle lens orthe spectacle lens surface (front and / or back surface of the spectacle lens). In particular, the effective area can have a substantially circular area, preferably with a diameter of approximately 10 mm (in particular at least 10 mm), more preferably of approximately 20 mm (in particular at least 20 mm), even more preferably of approximately 40 mm (in particular at least 40 mm). However, it is also possible for the effective area to have an oval cross-section or a cross-section with any other geometry. In particular, the effective area can be singly connected or multiply connected (e.g. annular). A multiply connected effective area can enclose one or more areas not belonging to the effective area, each of which covers an area of ​​between 0.2 mm² and 700 mm². Alternatively or additionally, the effective area can have a shape or a cross-section which is adapted to the shape orthe cross-section of the spectacle lens, in particular to the edge of the (ground) spectacle lens. For example, the field of effect can be adapted to a typical or, preferably, an individual shape of the spectacle lens. In particular, the field of effect can be adapted to a spectacle lens (or the shape and / or edge of the spectacle lens) that is ground into a spectacle frame worn by children or adolescents. The field of effect can also extend over the entire spectacle lens. The field of effect is preferably positioned such that it comprises one or more viewing points through which light beams frequently falling on the peripheral retina (i.e., generally not into the fovea) during typical visual tasks pass. Preferably, the field of effect can additionally also comprise viewing points through which light beams frequently falling on the central retina during typical visual tasks pass.In particular, the effective range of the spectacle lens according to the invention serves to control myopia or to inhibit the progression of myopia. In particular, the spectacle lens or the effective range of the spectacle lens has a modulated (in particular visual field modulated) image quality. The image quality depends in particular on a direction of light incidence and / or beam direction (at the respective viewing point). In other words, for each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the image quality for different light rays or light rays with different directions of incidence (at the respective viewing point) is generally different. For the primary rays (which all essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point or pass through the virtual intersection sphere) orFor beams of rays whose principal ray is a primary ray, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens (in particular with respect to a variation in the direction of rays passing through the respective viewing point of the spectacle lens) has a maximum. In particular, the maximum imaging quality is a maximum with respect to a variation in the direction of incidence and / or exit of the ray at the respective viewing point of the spectacle lens. This maximum can be a local maximum or a global maximum. For at least some (in particular all) rays that pass through the viewing point and do not essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point or do not pass through the virtual intersection sphere, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the maximum imaging quality. Such rays are referred to as secondary rays within the scope of the invention.In particular, for a beam whose principal ray is such a secondary ray (i.e., a beam whose direction deviates from the direction of the primary ray), the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is lower than the maximum imaging quality achieved for the same viewing point (i.e., for the primary ray direction or the ray direction along the primary ray). The effective range is such that for each viewing point on a spectacle lens rear surface within the effective range, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is maximum in a ray direction of a primary ray associated with the respective viewing point.In other words, the effective range is particularly designed such that for each viewing point in the effective range there exists at least one associated primary ray, in particular an associated ray direction (also referred to as the primary ray direction in this description), for which an imaging quality of the spectacle lens, in particular at the respective viewing point, has a maximum, in particular a local maximum. The imaging quality of the spectacle lens therefore depends in particular on the ray direction in the effective range of the spectacle lens. For each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the "primary ray" is understood to be that light ray along whose ray direction (primary ray direction) the spectacle lens has and / or reaches a (local or global) maximum of imaging quality at this viewing point.In particular, the image quality of the spectacle lens is not better than the maximum image quality for any ray direction deviating from the primary ray direction (at the respective viewing point), and is worse than the maximum image quality for at least some ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the respective viewing point), i.e., worse than the image quality along the primary ray direction. In other words, the image quality of the spectacle lens does not increase for ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the respective viewing point), and decreases for at least some ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the respective viewing point). The maximum image quality can be a strict maximum or a flat maximum.In the context of this description, a strict maximum is understood to mean that the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is worse than the maximum imaging quality, i.e. worse than the imaging quality along the primary ray direction, for all ray directions deviating from the primary ray direction (at the respective viewing point). In the context of this description, a flat maximum is understood to mean that the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is essentially constant, in particular in a region around the flat maximum or in the immediate vicinity of the flat maximum. Preferably, the imaging quality is essentially constant and in particular equal to the maximum imaging quality for rays or ray directions that enclose angles with the primary ray or the primary ray direction that are equal to or smaller than a predefined threshold angle (e.g. 0.5°, 1°, 5°, 10°, 15° or 20°).In other words, the image quality for rays whose respective direction deviates from the primary ray direction by at most the predefined threshold angle is substantially constant and in particular equal to the maximum image quality. Preferably, the image quality for rays or ray directions that enclose an angle with the primary ray or primary ray direction that is greater than the predefined threshold angle decreases continuously up to a predetermined value. This advantageously enables a consistent image quality of the spectacle lens within a certain viewing angle range around the direction corresponding to the sharpest vision, as well as a gradually deteriorating image quality of the spectacle lens in peripheral vision. Within the scope of the present invention, it has been found that a spectacle lens with such properties is perceived as pleasant by a spectacle wearer.The above-mentioned threshold angle, which is also referred to as the clear view angle ^^ or ^^ in this description, defines a zone of clear view. The clear view angle. may vary for different viewing points ^^. Preferably, it is chosen so that the zone of free view is the same size at any viewing point. Alternatively or additionally, be chosen to be the same size for all viewing points (ie = ^^ for all ^^), e.g. if the pupil diameter does not change significantly as a function of the visual points ^^. The free vision zone angle or ^^ can be selected depending on the parameters of the spectacle or lens wearer. For example, The greater the detected progression of myopia, the smaller ^^ or ^^ can be chosen. Alternatively or additionally, the smaller ^^ or ^^ can be chosen as a function of the decline in visual acuity of a (conventionally corrected) eye in the periphery, e.g., by calculating the difference between visual acuity at an eccentricity corresponding to the free-vision zone angle and the visual acuity in central vision in logMAR, ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ ^^ 0° = ∆ ^^ ^^, corresponds to a predetermined value. Preferably, the clear view zone angle ^^ or the clear view zone angles ^^ ^^each have a value between 0.5° and 20°, more preferably a value between 1° and 10°, and even more preferably a value between 2° and 5°. In general, the free-vision zone angle can be selected so that both a myopia progression-inhibiting effect is achieved and wearing the spectacle lens does not cause any discomfort by varying the free-vision zone angle during wear tests and / or clinical studies and determining the optimal free-vision zone angle. Each visual point in the field of action is assigned at least one specific primary ray (or at least one specific primary ray direction). Unless otherwise stated, the term "rays" in the context of the present invention always refers to light rays.The expression "at the respective visual point" can encompass not only the visual point itself, but in particular also an area immediately before and / or immediately after the respective visual point. The primary rays of all visual points, which are characterized or defined by the fact that they indicate a (local or global) maximum of the image quality of the spectacle lens in the effective range, essentially intersect at a common eye-side primary ray intersection point. In other words, for all visual points in the effective range, the respective associated primary rays essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point.For the purposes of the invention, rays that "substantially intersect" at a primary ray intersection point are understood to mean in particular that these rays pass through a virtual sphere (intersection sphere) whose center is the primary ray intersection point and which has a predefined diameter. In other words, for all viewing points in the effective area, the respective associated primary rays pass through a common virtual intersection sphere that has the primary ray intersection point as its center and a predetermined diameter. The expression "substantially" in this context means that the rays or primary rays do not have to intersect exactly at the primary ray intersection point, but that a certain deviation from this specification is permitted within well-defined or predetermined limits. The defined orpredetermined limits are defined in the present case in particular by a predefined diameter of the virtual sectional sphere. The diameter of the virtual sectional sphere is preferably less than 6 mm, more preferably less than 5 mm, even more preferably less than 4 mm, and most preferably less than 3 mm. For example, the diameter of the virtual sectional sphere can be 2 mm. In particular, the effective range is furthermore such that for each viewing point in the effective range there are associated secondary rays for which the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is in each case less than the (local) maximum, wherein the secondary rays, in contrast to the primary rays (after passing through the spectacle lens), do not essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point. In other words, the secondary rays, in contrast to the primary rays (after passing through the spectacle lens), do not pass through the virtual sectional sphere.The primary ray intersection point for a spectacle lens can be specified independently of the user of the spectacle lens or the user's eye, and also independently of the position in which the spectacle lens is used. The primary ray intersection point is therefore, in particular, a point that is defined based on the properties of the spectacle lens itself. The primary ray intersection point is, in particular, outside the spectacle lens and, in particular, behind the spectacle lens with regard to incident light rays. Depending on the path of all primary rays, the primary ray intersection point can be understood as the intersection point of all primary rays. If the primary rays do not all intersect exactly at one point, the primary ray intersection point can also be understood as the center of the smallest sphere (intersection sphere) through which all primary rays pass.Alternatively, in this case, the primary ray intersection point can also be understood as the point that has the smallest sum of the squared distances to all primary rays. With the help of the spectacle lens according to the invention, it is advantageously possible to create a modulation of the image quality across the field of vision independent of the user's current line of sight, similar to contact lenses. In particular, with the spectacle lens according to the invention, better image quality can be achieved for central vision than for peripheral vision in order to achieve a permanent myopia progression-inhibiting effect. Secondly, consistent image quality can be guaranteed for central vision in order not to disrupt the natural interplay of head and eye movements when looking, as occurs with conventional single-vision lenses.The spectacle lens can, in particular, be designed such that, at at least one or at each viewing point of the effective range, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens is maximum not only for a central primary ray of the respective viewing point, but also for a plurality of additional rays that pass through the respective viewing point and whose directions deviate from the direction of the central primary ray (central primary ray direction) by an angle of deviation associated with the respective additional ray, which is less than or equal to the threshold angle and / or clear-vision zone angle defined above. In other words, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens (at these viewing points) has a flat maximum in each case.In particular, the central primary ray and the multitude of other rays for which the above condition applies lie within a cone whose apex is the respective viewing point and whose half-aperture angle corresponds to the threshold angle. According to a possible first definition, only the central primary ray of the respective viewing point is considered a primary ray within the meaning of the present description. According to a possible second definition, other rays located within the cone described above can also be considered primary rays, provided that these rays also pass through the primary ray intersection point or through the corresponding virtual intersection sphere. In particular, a primary ray represents a principal ray of a bundle of light rays of central vision (hereinafter referred to as the "principal ray of central vision").And in particular, a secondary ray represents a principal ray of a bundle of light rays of peripheral vision (hereinafter referred to as the “principal ray of peripheral vision”). In a preferred embodiment, for each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens for ray directions that deviate from the ray direction of the respective primary ray is at least partially reduced by absorption and / or diffuse scattering and / or contrast reduction compared to the maximum imaging quality of the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point. In particular, for each viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens, the imaging quality of the spectacle lens for secondary rays incident on the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point that do not substantially intersect at the primary ray intersection point (orwhich do not pass through the virtual section sphere), due to absorption and / or (diffuse) scattering and / or contrast reduction caused by these secondary rays, is reduced compared to the maximum image quality of the respective viewing point (which is achieved for the associated primary ray). In other words, the image quality of the spectacle lens is based in particular on light transmittance (transmittance) and / or scattering and / or contrast. In particular, within the scope of the invention, the term “image quality” is understood to mean a quantity that depends on light transmittance (transmittance) and / or scattering (or diffuse scattering) and / or contrast. For example, the higher the light transmittance and / or the higher the contrast and / or the lower the scattering (or diffuse scattering), the higher the image quality.Alternatively or additionally, the image quality can also be based on image sharpness and / or refraction, in particular astigmatism. In other words, the image quality can be a quantity that alternatively or additionally depends on image sharpness and / or refraction, in particular astigmatism. For example, the higher the image sharpness and / or the lower the astigmatism, the higher the image quality. Alternatively or additionally, the image quality of the spectacle lens for the secondary rays incident on the spectacle lens can thus be reduced by an additional refraction caused for these rays, in particular by an additional astigmatism. Alternatively or additionally, the image quality can be based on a perception or a degree of perception.In other words, image quality can be a quantity that depends alternatively or additionally on a perception or a degree of perception. For example, the image quality can be higher the higher the perception or the degree of perception. Perception is understood here in particular as a factor P (with 0 ≤ P ≤ 1) by which the visual acuity (i.e., visual acuity) is reduced, whereby a visual acuity determined to the value 1 according to DIN 58220 Part 3 is assumed as a reference. Thus, a perception of 0 (< 0.1) means essentially complete occlusion, and a perception of 1, in principle, complete transparency. These properties arise in particular when the spectacle lens is arranged in a position with a typical corneal vertex distance (CVD), i.e.in particular with at least one HSA value in the range from approximately 11 mm to approximately 18 mm, particularly preferably with at least one HSA value of approximately 13 mm or approximately 14 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the image quality can be based on the haze value and / or the luminous transmittance according to the ASTM-D-1003 standard. In other words, the image quality can be a variable that alternatively or additionally depends on the haze value and / or the luminous transmittance according to the ASTM-D-1003 standard. The values ​​for both haze and luminous transmittance according to the ASTM D-1003 standard can be determined or checked, for example, using the “haze-gard plus” measuring device from BYK Additives and Instruments. Alternatively or additionally, the image quality of the spectacle lens can be defined in connection with a specified prescription of the spectacle wearer. In particular, the image quality can be a measure of the realization of a specified prescription.The more the spectacle lens deviates from the specified prescription, the lower its image quality. Accordingly, visual acuity, for example, can also be used as a parameter to define image quality. Image quality is therefore in particular a value that depends on one or more of the following properties or parameters, or that is characterized and / or defined by one or more of the following properties or parameters: - Light transmittance - Haze value (according to the ASTM-D-1003 standard), - Luminous transmittance (according to the ASTM-D-1003 standard), - Scattering or scattering power, - Contrast, - Image sharpness, - Refraction (e.g. astigmatism), - Visual acuity, - Perception. In a further preferred embodiment, the primary ray intersection point corresponds to a point of rotation of the eye in a wearing position of the spectacle lens.Within the scope of the invention, it has been found that the optical eye rotation point is particularly suitable for this purpose. The optical eye rotation point is the approximate intersection point of the fixation lines for a variety of viewing directions. The fixation line is understood to be the extension of the section of the light beam that directly enters the eye and passes through the center of the pupil and the object point during fixation of an object or object point. If the eye looks through spectacles, the fixation line is therefore the straight line that extends the section of the light beam between the back surface of the lens and the cornea. The fixation line can therefore also be understood as the extension of the section of the light beam that does not pass within the eye (but in particular between the lens and the eye), which emanates from the preferred fixation point on the retina, is refracted by the optical components of the eye, and passes through the center of the pupil.The optical eye rotation point can be determined, for example, with the help of an optimization method as the point that has the smallest sum of the squared distances to the fixation lines. Alternatively or additionally, the optical eye rotation point can be defined as the centroid of a smallest volume (e.g., a sphere) that is traversed by all primary rays (which intersect the back surface of the lens in the effective range of the spectacle lens and run in the direction of a maximum of image quality). It should be noted that the primary ray intersection point can, in principle, also correspond to a mechanical eye rotation point (in a wearing position of the spectacle lens). The mechanical eye rotation point is the point on the inside of the eye that, in a head-fixed reference system, approximately does not move during eye movements.The primary ray intersection point does not necessarily depend on a spectacle wearer or the wearer's eye, but rather represents a (specified) property of the spectacle lens itself, or can be determined from properties of the spectacle lens. In particular, the primary ray intersection point is a point predetermined or determined with the aid of a parameterized model. In the context of the invention, a "parameterized model" is understood to mean, in particular, a model which is defined by one or more parameters. The parameterized model can, in particular, relate to parameters of the spectacle lens wearer, which are often used for lens calculation. For example, the position of the centering point and the corneal vertex distance (HSA) can be such a parameter. Alternatively or additionally, the spherical equivalent of the eye of the spectacle lens wearer (orthe spherical equivalent of the spectacle lens), the eye length and / or the outer diameter of the cornea can be parameters of the parameterized model. In particular, the primary ray intersection point is a point specified with regard to the properties of the spectacle lens, which is defined with the aid of the parameterized model independently of a spectacle wearer or an eye of the spectacle wearer and / or independently of a wearing position of the spectacle lens. In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has one or more optically active elements in the field of effect, which are also referred to as optically active components in the context of this description. In particular, the spectacle lens has a multiplicity of optically active elements in the field of effect.In particular, the one or more optically active elements have a direction-dependent additional optical function which contributes to the (for example prescribed) optical function of the spectacle lens. The optically active element or elements is / are in particular designed and arranged (or aligned) in such a way that the image quality is impaired less for central vision than for peripheral vision. The optically active element or elements can be arranged on one or both surfaces of the spectacle lens, or can be located inside the spectacle lens (e.g. in a layer). The at least one optically active element can also be attached to the lens surface (e.g. in a film). Depending on the design of the at least one optically active element or elementsWhen embedding the latter, the refraction of light and thus also the path of light rays, in particular the principal rays of beams, at any boundary surfaces that may be present are preferably taken into account when designing the direction of the axis of the at least one optically active element. In order for the spectacle lens to have the correct direction of the axis(es) of the at least one optically active element depending on the position in the spectacle lens, the relative position of the eye to the spectacle lens (or vice versa) is preferably known during manufacture. As already mentioned above, this can be done, for example, within the framework of a parameterized model which, in the simplest case, includes or describes an optical eye rotation point.The optical eye rotation point is the point that is the shortest distance from the extension of the principal rays of the light beams striking the preferred fixation locus (hereinafter referred to as the direction of gaze or fixation line) on the eye side, for all directions of gaze passing through the spectacle lens. Realistically, the optical eye rotation point is more likely to be described by a sphere, which in particular has a diameter that is less than 6 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, even more preferably less than 4 mm, and most preferably less than 3 mm. For example, the diameter of this sphere can be approximately 2 mm. It goes without saying that other models are also possible, such as interpolation of the directions of gaze.A wearer of the spectacle lens can correspond to an individual observer for whom the individually possible eye positions or at least gaze directions, as well as pupil sizes, are known (e.g., through measurement). The wearer of the spectacle lens can also correspond to a model observer whose eye positions or at least gaze directions are representative of a large number of individuals and are known, for example, from the literature or have been determined from measurements of a large number of individuals. The wearer of the spectacle lens can also correspond to a partially individualized observer for whom certain parameters have been individually measured (e.g., individual frame parameters such as corneal vertex distance, forward tilt, and frame lens angle), but others are determined using models (e.g., the eye pivot distance).In a further preferred embodiment, an optical effect (particularly reducing the image quality) of each of the at least one optically effective elements depends on a direction of a light beam incident on the respective optically effective element. Alternatively or additionally, an optical effect (particularly reducing the image quality) of each of the at least one optically effective element is a function of the angle between a propagation direction of a light beam incident on the respective optically effective element and the direction of a longitudinal axis of the respective optically effective element. This angle is also referred to as the "deviation angle" in the context of the present description, since a deviation of the image quality from the maximum image quality achieved for the primary rays depends on it.At small deviation angles, the contribution of a direction-dependent optical function to the (e.g., prescribed) optical function of the spectacle lens is preferably designed such that the optical function of the spectacle lens enables good, in particular maximum, image quality, while this deteriorates at larger deviation angles. Preferably, a direction-dependent optical effect of each of the at least one optically effective elements is essentially constant at said deviation angles, which are equal to or smaller than a predefined threshold angle (e.g., 0.5°, 1°, 5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°). This predefined threshold angle corresponds in particular to the clear-vision zone angle already mentioned above, so that the above statements regarding the clear-vision zone angle also apply to the predefined threshold angle.Preferably, the optical power of each of the at least one optically effective elements increases continuously up to a predetermined value at said deviation angles above the predefined threshold angle. This advantageously enables consistent image quality in a certain viewing angle range around the direction corresponding to the sharpest vision, as well as gradually deteriorating imaging properties in peripheral vision, which is perceived as pleasant for a spectacle wearer. Because, regardless of the position of the eyes, the secondary rays (or the main rays of the light beams or wavefronts used for peripheral vision), i.e. those rays that do not impinge on the preferred fixation locus, enclose larger angles to the axis of the at least one optically effective element at the respective positions of the spectacle lens than the primary rays (orIn this way, different optical functions of the spectacle lens and thus different image quality are generated for central and peripheral vision, regardless of the position of the eyes. In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one optically active element has a longitudinal axis or defines a longitudinal axis, and an optical effect of the at least one optically active element on a light beam striking the optically active element depends on the angle between a beam direction (i.e. propagation direction) of the light beam (when striking the optically active element) and the longitudinal axis.Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the at least one optically effective element is aligned substantially parallel to the beam direction of the primary beam running in the region of the corresponding optically effective element. In a further preferred embodiment, the optical effect of the at least one optically effective element is substantially constant for light beams whose angle between the beam direction and the longitudinal axis of the optically effective element is equal to or smaller than a predefined threshold angle. Furthermore, the optical effect of the at least one optically effective element increases continuously with increasing angle for light beams whose angle between the beam direction and the longitudinal axis is above the predefined threshold angle.In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one optically active element comprises or is at least one light-absorbing element (absorption element or absorber for short) and / or at least one light-scattering element (scattering element or scatterer for short). In particular, a light-absorbing effect of an absorber depends on a light incidence direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the absorber. And in particular, a light-scattering effect of a scatterer depends on a light incidence direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the scatterer. Alternatively or additionally, a light-absorbing effect of the arrangement of an absorber and a scatterer depends in particular on a light incidence direction relative to a line along which the absorber and scatterer are arranged. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the at least one optically active element comprises a micropin, a microneedle and / or a microcone.In particular, at least one of the at least one optically active element is a micro-pin, a micro-needle, and / or a micro-cone. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically active element is implemented by a micro-pin, a micro-needle, and / or a micro-cone. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one optically active element comprises a plurality of microspheres arranged in a row. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically active element is implemented by an arrangement of microspheres arranged in a row. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the at least one optically active element comprises a plurality of color pigment spots arranged in a row. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically active element is implemented by an arrangement of two or more color pigment spots.Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the at least one optically active element comprises a dielectric anti-reflective coating. In particular, at least one of the at least one optically active element is a dielectric anti-reflective coating. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically active element is implemented by a dielectric anti-reflective coating. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the at least one optically active element comprises a holographic interference filter. In particular, at least one of the at least one optically active element is a holographic interference filter. In other words, at least one of the at least one optically active element is implemented by a holographic interference filter. The lenslets (i.e., small additional lenses) mentioned above can serve as light-scattering elements, for example, since these can also generate scattered light.For example, with the help of such lenslets, an image quality of the spectacle lens that is degraded by stray light and / or non-uniform focal points can be effectively achieved within the meaning of the present invention by means of the effect transition at the edge between a lenslet and the "base lens," but also by the generally non-coincident focal point and thus by non-overlapping images of neighboring lenslets. An image quality of the spectacle lens that is degraded by stray light can be particularly effectively achieved within the meaning of the present invention with the help of lenslets, each of which has a size (in particular diameter) that is essentially no larger than the thickness of the spectacle lens.In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has at least one optically active element for each of a predetermined plurality of viewing points in the effective range, which element is arranged such that a longitudinal axis of the at least one optically active element is substantially parallel to the direction of incidence of the primary beam associated with the respective viewing point. In other words, a longitudinal axis of the at least one optically active element is substantially parallel to the primary beam direction.In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements in the effective area, and the plurality of optically active elements comprises both at least one light-absorbing element and at least one light-scattering element, wherein each of the at least one light-scattering element is arranged closer to a front surface of the spectacle lens than each of the at least one light-absorbing element. The front surface of the spectacle lens is understood to be the object-side surface of the spectacle lens, i.e. the surface of the spectacle lens which, in a wear position, faces an object to be viewed and / or faces away from the eye of a spectacle wearer. As a rule, this front surface of the spectacle lens is a convex surface. In contrast, the back surface of the spectacle lens is understood to be a surface of the spectacle lens which, in the wear position, faces the eye.As a rule, this rear surface of the spectacle lens is a concave surface. In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements in the effective area, wherein the plurality of optically active elements comprises at least one light-scattering element and at least one corresponding light-absorbing element such that light emanating from the at least one light-scattering element in a beam direction of the primary beam running in the region of the corresponding light-scattering element is at least partially, and preferably essentially completely, absorbed by the corresponding light-absorbing element. Preferably, each of the at least one light-absorbing elements is larger than each of the at least one light-scattering element.In particular, each of the at least one light-absorbing element is larger than each of the at least one light-scattering element such that light emanating from the at least one light-scattering element in a beam direction of the primary beam running in the region of the corresponding light-scattering element is at least partially, and preferably substantially completely, absorbed by the corresponding light-absorbing element. In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements (e.g.light-absorbing elements) which are distributed over the effective area in such a way that projections of the positions of the optically effective elements along the primary ray running in the area of ​​the respective optically effective element onto a corresponding viewing point on the rear surface of the spectacle lens result in a surface density distribution er- cos ^^ which is proportional to. ^^ 2 where ^^ denotes the distance of the respective viewing point from the primary ray intersection point and ^^ denotes the angle between the eye-side ray direction of the primary ray belonging to the respective viewing point and a surface normal to the back surface of the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point. In other words, a local density of the optically effective elements at a viewing point in the effective range of the spectacle lens is pro-cos ^^ proportional to ^^ 2, where ^^ denotes the angle between a surface normal of the spectacle lens intersecting at the visual point and the primary ray associated with the visual point, and where ^^ denotes the distance of the primary ray intersection point from the visual point of the spectacle lens. Advantageously, it can thus be achieved that the absorption and / or scattering caused by central vision remains constant when the direction of vision changes. If the optically active elements are the same size, a higher density of optically active elements can be arranged in areas of the spectacle lens located close to the primary ray intersection point than in areas of the spectacle lens further away. In particular, it can thus advantageously be achieved that, with respect to an eye position (with respect to the Haar measure) ora viewing angle (relative to the isotropic distribution of directions on a unit sphere) contains, on average, the same number of optically effective elements (e.g., absorbers). The density of the optically effective elements (i.e., their number per surface area of ​​the lens) thus depends primarily on the position within the lens. In particular, the local density of the optically effective elements at a viewing point within the effective range of the lens is proportional to cos ^^( ^^, ^^) / ^^( ^^, ^^). 2, where x and y denote the coordinates of the visual point. In a further preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens has a plurality of optically active elements in the field of action, the arrangement of which is irregular (or random) or at least has an irregular (or random) component. For example, the arrangement of the optically active elements can be fundamentally regular, but have an irregular or random component. To achieve this, a beam of rays can be suitably created, for example, by adding normally distributed pseudorandom numbers to the direction vectors of the rays with a standard deviation that is small (e.g., 0.1 or 0.2 times) compared to the distance from neighboring rays, and the direction vectors are then normalized again to 1. A random arrangement or one containing random components is preferable to regular arrangements, since theA lack of a regular arrangement means that no disturbing patterns arise. With a regular arrangement, an unwanted overlap of optically effective elements designed for adjacent viewing directions can also occur in certain directions in the field of view. This can advantageously be avoided with random arrangements or arrangements containing random components. A further independent aspect for solving the problem relates to spectacles comprising at least one spectacle lens according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one optically effective element of the at least one spectacle lens comprises at least one light-scattering element. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the spectacles comprise one or more light sources for illuminating the at least one light-scattering element. This can be achieved, for example, by one or more light sources (e.g., LEDs) arranged in a spectacle lens edge. The light from the light source(s) is in this caseScattered by the at least one scatterer, but absorbed by the at least one absorber only in central vision, but not in peripheral vision. The scattered light can have a higher intensity than the scene viewed by the wearer, so that the myopia progression-inhibiting effect is enhanced compared to a conventional myopia progression-inhibiting spectacle lens or a corresponding contact lens, since the image can be degraded in a controlled manner by adjusting the light intensity of the one or more light sources to the ambient lighting. The latter can be carried out, for example, with the aid of a photosensor mounted in the spectacle frame or in the spectacle lens and a control unit. Thus, the spectacles preferably further comprise a photosensor for capturing or detecting the ambient light and / or a control unit for adjusting a light intensity of the one or more light sources based on the light intensity detected by the photosensor.detected ambient light. It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also individually or in other combinations, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The above-mentioned or below statements regarding the embodiments of the first aspect also apply to the above-mentioned further independent aspects and in particular to the related preferred embodiments. In particular, the above-mentioned and below statements regarding the embodiments of the other independent aspects also apply to an independent aspect of the present invention and to the related preferred embodiments. In the following, individual embodiments for solving the problem are described by way of example with reference to the figures. The individual embodiments described partly have features thatare not absolutely necessary to carry out the claimed subject matter, but which provide desired properties in certain applications. Thus, embodiments which do not have all the features of the embodiments described below are also to be considered as falling within the scope of the described technical teaching. Furthermore, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, certain features are only mentioned in relation to individual embodiments described below. It is pointed out that the individual embodiments should therefore not only be considered individually, but also in a synopsis. Based on this synopsis, the person skilled in the art will recognize that individual embodiments can also be modified by incorporating one or more features of other embodiments. It is pointed out that a systematic combination of the individual embodiments with individual orseveral features described with reference to other embodiments may be desirable and useful and should therefore be considered and also considered as encompassed by the description. The invention is further described below using preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Therein: Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 2A shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens section with arrangements each comprising a plurality of scatterers S and an absorber A according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein rays are shown for an exemplary first viewing direction; Figure 2B shows a schematic representation of the spectacle lens section of Figure 2A, wherein rays are shown for an exemplary second viewing direction; Figure 3 shows a further schematic representation of a spectacle lens sectionwith arrangements each comprising a plurality of scatterers S and an absorber A according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 5A shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 with a plurality of absorbers A on a front surface 7 of the spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 5B shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 with a plurality of absorbers A on a rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 6A shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with an eye-side gaze deflection of 0°; Figure 6B shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with an eye-side gaze deflectiondeflection of 16.5°; Figure 7 shows, for a spectacle lens 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the dependence of the angle between central and peripheral chief rays on the position in the spectacle lens 100 with an eye-side viewing direction of 0° and an eye-side viewing direction of 16.5°; Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a possible measuring arrangement for determining the transmission properties of a spectacle lens. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The spectacle lens 100 has a front surface 7, a rear surface 8, a plurality of viewing points (not explicitly shown in Figure 1), and a range of effect 10. The range of effect 10 is designed such that for each viewing point on the rear surface 8 of the lens within the range of effect 10, an image quality of the spectacle lens 100 in a beam directionof a primary ray 13 belonging to the respective visual point is maximum. In other words, the effective range 10 is designed such that for each visual point in the effective range 10, there is at least one associated primary ray 13 for which an imaging quality of the spectacle lens 100 has a maximum. The primary rays 13 are characterized in that they essentially intersect for all visual points at a (specified) eye-side primary ray intersection point 30. In other words, the primary rays 13 are characterized in that they each pass through a common virtual intersection sphere 35 for all visual points. The virtual intersection sphere 35 has the primary ray intersection point 30 as its center and a predetermined diameter. The primary rays 13 correspond in particular to the chief rays HSz of light beams used for central vision. The primary ray intersection point 30 can, for example, bebe predetermined or determined using a parameterized model. In particular, the primary ray intersection point 30 corresponds to an optical eye rotation point in a wearing position of the spectacle lens 100. In the field of vision 10, the spectacle lens 100 has a plurality of optically active elements 20. The optically active elements 20 each have an axis Ax or axis orientation that changes with the position in the spectacle lens 100. The axis Ax of each of the optically active elements 20 is substantially parallel to the respective primary rays 13 or principal rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision. In the case of generally bent primary or principal rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision, the axis Ax of each of the optically active elements 20 is in particular substantially parallel to at least a portion of the respective primary rays or principal rays HSz of light bundles used for central vision.Light bundles). The primary rays or principal rays Hsz intersect approximately at the primary ray intersection point 30. The one or more optically active components 20 of the spectacle lens 100 impair the image or imaging quality of the spectacle lens 100 less for central vision than for peripheral vision. An optically active component 20 has an additional direction-dependent optical function contributing to the optical function of the spectacle lens 100 (in particular, precisely one direction-dependent optical function going beyond, for example, a usual optimization of the position of use), which depends at least on the direction of an axis Ax of the optically active component 20. The direction of the axis Ax of the optically active component depends on a lateral position in the spectacle lens 100 in such a way that — regardless of the eye position of an eye of a wearer of the spectacle lens 100 looking through the spectacle lens 100 —the direction of incidence of a principal ray of a light beam (or equivalently a light wave front) impinging on the optically effective component 20 at the said position, which beam passes through the pupil of the eye and also impinges centrally on the preferred fixation locus of the retina (typically an individually varying position in the fovea, and often its center), is as parallel as possible to the direction of the axis Ax of the optically effective component at the said position of the spectacle lens 100. Such a light beam corresponds to the light used for central vision. The direction dependence of the optical function of an optically effective component 20 is at least a function of the angle between the propagation direction of the light impinging on the optically effective component 20 at a given position of the spectacle lens 100 and the direction of the axis Ax of the optically effective component atthis position. At small angles, the contribution of the direction-dependent optical function to the optical function of the spectacle lens is preferably designed such that the optical function of the spectacle lens 100 enables good image quality, and this deteriorates with increasing angles. It is advantageous if the direction-dependent optical function does not change significantly at small angles up to a predetermined threshold (e.g., 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°) and continuously approaches a predetermined value above this threshold. This enables consistent image quality within a certain viewing angle range around the direction corresponding to the sharpest vision, as well as gradually deteriorating image properties in peripheral vision, which is perceived as more pleasant than an abrupt change in image quality. Figures 2A and 2B each show a schematic representation of a spectacle lens section withArrangements each comprising a plurality of scatterers S and one absorber A according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein Figure 2A shows light rays for an exemplary first viewing direction, while Figure 2B shows light rays for an exemplary second viewing direction. The course of the boundaries of complete and partial shading of scatterers S are shown in the figures by dashed lines and labeled VA (complete shading) and TA (partial shading). The different viewing directions are each represented by an arrow corresponding to a fixation line 50. The axis along which three scatterers S and one absorber A are arranged essentially corresponds to the direction of the fixation line 50 in the spectacle lens 100. Light from scatterers S that lie within the area of ​​complete shading (between the boundaries VA) is completely absorbed by the absorbers A.This occurs in a narrow range around the viewing direction 50. If the scatterers S are located between the boundaries VA and TA, only a portion of the light scattered by them enters the entrance pupil 40. Accordingly, there is an angular range in the field of view in which the image or imaging quality deteriorates. If the scatterers S are outside the boundaries TA, the pupil is completely illuminated and the imaging quality is most severely impaired. The refraction of light at the rear surface of the spectacle lens has been neglected in the drawing for the sake of simplicity, and only two of the arrangements of scatterers S and absorbers A are shown. Figure 3 shows a further schematic representation of a spectacle lens section with arrangements each comprising several scatterers S and one absorber A according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The refraction at the rear surface of the spectacle lens has been neglected in the drawing. Figure 3 showsIn particular, it can be seen that the further into the periphery of the field of view the arrangements of scatterers S and absorbers A are arranged, the more of the light emitted by the scatterers S reaches the entrance pupil 40. There is also a narrow angular range in the center of the field of view in which the absorbers A completely shade the pupil. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a spectacle lens 100 according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. The spectacle lens 100 has suitably segmented surfaces SO within the spectacle lens 100, which, in any viewing direction (or independently of a viewing direction), are perpendicular to the primary rays 13 or the principal rays of the light beams of central vision HSz. Secondary rays 15 or principal rays of the light beams of peripheral vision HSp do not impinge perpendicularly on the surfaces OS, regardless of the viewing direction.The greater the angles the principal rays form with the surface normal, the more they deviate from the current viewing direction. The principal rays are those light rays of a light beam that impinge at the center of the entrance pupil 40. Approximately, the primary rays 13 or the principal rays of central vision HSz intersect at the primary ray intersection point 30, which corresponds in particular to the optical eye rotation point. Figure 5A shows a schematic representation of an exemplary spectacle lens 100 with a plurality of absorbers A on a front surface 7 of the spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 5B shows a schematic representation of an exemplary spectacle lens 100 with a plurality of absorbers A on a rear surface 8 of the spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. In the examples shown, 2031 absorbers are arranged on the front surface.(Figure 5A) and the back surface (Figure 5B) of a 5 cm x 5 cm flat lens with a front and back surface curvature of 0 dpt each, a refractive index of 1.49 (PMMA), and a thickness of 2 mm. The absorbers on the front and back surfaces have a diameter of 0.44 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The position intended for the eye rotation point is marked with the lines on the edge of the lens and is located 30 mm from the back surface perpendicular to the lens 100. The positions of the absorbers were constructed using a bundle of chief rays passing through the optical eye rotation point, which has a quasi-crystalline arrangement with an average distance of approximately 1.5° between adjacent rays and a random component of 0.2° standard deviation. Figure 6A shows a schematic representation of a section through a spectacle lens 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention with an eye-side gaze deflection of 0°,wherein the cutting plane contains an eye rotation point and the pupil center. To illustrate the paths of primary rays 13 or principal rays of central vision HSz and secondary rays 15 or principal rays of peripheral vision HSp, an enlarged spectacle lens section 1 at an exemplary first viewing point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 and an enlarged spectacle lens section 2 at an exemplary second viewing point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 are shown on the left side of Figure 6A. Figure 6B shows a schematic representation of the spectacle lens 100 of Figure 6A with an eye-side gaze deflection of 16.5°. To illustrate the paths of primary rays 13 or principal rays of central vision HSz and secondary rays 15 or principal rays of peripheral vision HSp, an enlarged spectacle lens section 1 is shown on the left side of Figure 6B on the exemplaryfirst visual point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100 and an enlarged spectacle lens section 2 at the exemplary second visual point in the effective range 10 of the spectacle lens 100. With the gaze deflection of 0° recognizable by the entrance pupil 40 (see Figure 6A), the first visual point lies in the direction of gaze or on the fixation line, while with the gaze deflection of 16.5° recognizable by the entrance pupil 40 (see Figure 6B), the second visual point lies in the direction of gaze or on the fixation line. From Figures 6A and 6B it can be seen in particular that the segmented surfaces SO of the spectacle lens 100 and thus also the optically active elements of the spectacle lens 100 are each arranged in such a way that all primary rays 13 or all principal rays HSz of the central vision impinge perpendicularly on the segmented surfaces SO of the spectacle lens 100 and are thus essentially parallel to theaxes of the associated optically active elements. The secondary rays 15 or the principal rays HSp of peripheral vision, which, in contrast to the primary rays 15 or the principal rays HSz of central vision, do not essentially intersect at the primary ray intersection point 30 or optical eye rotation point (or which do not pass through the virtual intersection sphere 35 with the primary ray intersection point 30 or optical eye rotation point as the center), do not impinge perpendicularly on the segmented surfaces SO of the spectacle lens 100 and thus do not run parallel to the axes of the associated optically active elements. This is particularly evident at a gaze deflection of 0° (see Figure 6A) for the spectacle lens section 2 and at a gaze deflection of 16.5° (see Figure 6B) for the spectacle lens section 1. In this way, it can be achieved that the spectacle lens 100, regardless of the direction of gaze, provides bettercentral and poorer peripheral image quality, which is desirable to inhibit myopia progression. Figure 7 shows, for a spectacle lens according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the dependence of the angle between central and peripheral chief rays on the position in the spectacle lens 100 at a viewing direction of 0° and a viewing direction of 16.5°. In accordance with Figures 6A and 6B, a minimum angle is shown at those positions or viewing points of the spectacle lens 100 that are intersected by the respective viewing direction or fixation line. The viewing point represented by the spectacle lens section 1 in Figures 6A and 6B lies at position 0 in the spectacle lens, while the viewing point represented by the spectacle lens section 2 lies approximately at position -8.5 mm in the spectacle lens. In particular, the deterioration in image quality is proportional to the sine of the angle ^^between the primary rays (or principal rays of central vision) and the secondary rays (or principal rays of peripheral vision). For example, with highly absorbing microparticles oriented along the primary rays with a concentration of ^^ (number of particles per area) to the central viewing direction, an aspect ratio of ^^ (^^ > 1) and a cross-sectional area of ​​^^ of the particles, an absorption of ^^ = ^^ ^^ ( 1 + ^^ sin ^^ )can be achieved. This shows that high aspect ratios, e.g. with ^^ > 20 or ^^ > 50 or even higher, are particularly advantageous in order to produce a sufficiently large change in image quality (e.g. a darkening) between central vision and peripheral vision. This is possible, for example, using needle-shaped microparticles made of silver, silver oxide, magnetite or other highly absorbent materials, which have a diameter of approximately 5 µm and a length of approximately 250 µm to 500 µm. By concentrating the particles, a concentration of particles suitable for inhibiting the progression of myopia can be used, which, for example, produces a peripheral darkening of more than 5% at an eccentricity of 10° of the field of vision and whose optimal value can of course be determined by the expert in the course of studies.In the example given, 475 particles per mm² of the 5 µm x 250 µm particles would be necessary to achieve a darkening of 5%. With a hexagonal arrangement, this corresponds to distances of approximately 50 µm between the centers of the particles. Some concrete exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below. Embodiment 1 - Direction-dependent absorbers To form an optically active component, direction-dependent absorbers can be used, for example. These can be designed as objects with an elongated shape, e.g. as micro pins, micro needles or micro cones made of highly absorbent material (e.g. graphite or silver oxide) and can be located in the material of the spectacle lens or in a lacquer layer. Alternatively, rows of micro spheres made of absorbent material can also be used.Alternatively or additionally, arrangements of two or more color pigment spots can be used, located on the front and back surfaces of the lens and, if possible, protected by a layer of lacquer. The axis of the optically active component is the longitudinal axis of the micropins or microneedles, the axis along which the microspheres are arranged, or the connecting axis of the associated (nearest) pigment spots on the front and back surfaces. Directional absorbers impair image quality because the light entering the eye is absorbed with different absorption cross sections depending on the position of the absorbers' longitudinal axis, thus darkening the image. Central vision results in less darkening than peripheral vision.Preferably, the part of the absorber closer to the eye is designed with a larger diameter than the parts of the absorber farther away from the eye, in order to set an angular range for central vision in which the image quality remains unchanged (with very good absorbers) or changes slightly (with absorbers with still appreciable transmission in the longitudinal direction). In addition, the dimensions of the absorber(s) in the direction of the axis of the optically active component (axial length) are preferably selected such that, when viewed centrally, the part of the absorber farther away from the eye is completely covered by the nearer part of the absorber, so that the shadow of the farther part of the absorber is contained in the shadow of the nearer part of the absorber. Microneedles or micropins can be implanted directly into the spectacle lens or a semi-finished spectacle lens, e.g.into a plastic material that has not yet fully polymerized or into a paint layer that has not yet fully cured. Alternatively, they can be grown from a solution or from the gas phase in holes or channels in the ophthalmic lens created by microindentation or microdrilling with the aid of laser ablation or lithographic processes. When using laser ablation, microindentation, or microdrilling, it must be possible to adjust not only the position but also the axis of the created holes or channels depending on their position, e.g. by additionally controllable tilting of the ophthalmic lens relative to the processing direction or with the aid of additional mirrors for beam control. Aligned rows of microspheres can, for example, be injected into a paint that has not yet fully dried using hollow needles when the hollow needle is withdrawn.The absorbing spheres can be introduced as solids or as liquids that harden later. The density of the absorbers (i.e. their number per surface area of ​​the lens) preferably depends on the position in the lens and is in particular adjusted such that the absorption caused by central vision remains constant when the direction of view changes. If the absorbers are the same size, there is preferably a higher density of absorbers in areas of the lens close to the (optical) eye rotation point than in areas of the lens further away. The absorbers are preferably arranged such that, based on an eye position (based on the Haar measure) or a viewing angle (based on the isotropic distribution of directions on a unit sphere), there is on average the same number of absorbers.This target can be approximately constructed using a beam of rays passing through the optical center of rotation of the eye with rays distributed as evenly as possible, by creating the direction-dependent absorbers at the intersection points of the rays with the back surface of the lens. The direction of the axis of the optically active component must then correspond to the direction of the rays of the beam refracted at the lens surface. The local density of the absorbers at the point (x, y) on the lens surface is proportional to cos ^^( ^^, ^^) / ^^( ^^, ^^). 2, where ^^( ^^, ^^) is the angle between the surface normal of the spectacle lens intersecting at point (x, y) and the ray of the beam, and ^^( ^^, ^^) is the distance of the optical eye pivot point from point (x, y) of the spectacle lens surface. Thus, the density of absorbers per area of ​​the spectacle lens preferably also depends on the individual frame parameters of the spectacles, i.e. in particular on the frame lens angle, the forward tilt and / or the distance of the eye pivot point from the spectacle lens when looking through the centering cross, and / or on the shape of the back surface of the spectacle lens. The absorbers can be arranged randomly, regularly (e.g. in a square, hexagonal or a quasi-crystalline lattice, e.g. a Fibonacci lattice). They can also have a regular arrangement combined with a smaller, random arrangement.To achieve this, the beam of rays in the previous example can be suitably created by adding normally distributed pseudorandom numbers with a standard deviation that is small (e.g., 0.1 or 0.2 times) compared to the distance between neighboring rays to the direction vectors of the rays, and then normalizing the direction vectors back to 1. As already mentioned above, a random arrangement or one containing random components is preferable to regular arrangements, since the lack of a regular arrangement prevents any disruptive patterns from occurring. With a regular arrangement, an unwanted overlap of absorbers designed for neighboring viewing directions can also occur in certain directions in the field of view. This is not the case with random arrangements or arrangements containing random components.The average spacing and average size of the absorbers are preferably adjusted so that, when viewed, several absorbers (2 or more, e.g., 5, better 10 or more) always cast a (correspondingly weak) shadow on the preferred fixation point. The corresponding scatterers are preferably located at positions in the lens that are captured by an imaginary bundle of light rays converging at the preferred fixation point. This means that the corresponding scatterers are preferably located within the area bounded by the intersection points of the marginal rays and the rear surface of the lens. Embodiment 2 - Diffuse Scatterers Analogous to Embodiment 1, diffusely scattering material having an elongated shape with the axis oriented according to the invention (e.g., scattering micropins, microneedles, microcylinders, etc.) can also be used to form an optically active component.The deterioration in image quality is caused by light diffusely scattered into the eye. A scatterer can consist of a highly reflective material with a highly curved surface (e.g. small metal spheres), or of another surface that strongly scatters light (e.g. the highly curved interface of a cavity, liquid droplet, or microchannel, etc.). The scattering cross section of the scatterer is elongated along the direction of the chief rays of the light beams used for central vision and is therefore anisotropic, and leads to a greater deterioration in image quality for light beams used for peripheral vision than for light beams used for central vision. Scatterers can be manufactured and created in the spectacle lens in different ways, including using the same methods as those used to create absorbers. The direct creation of holes orChannels by microindentation or laser ablation is possible. Lithographic processes such as anisotropic etching on suitably curved, possibly segmented surfaces, whose surface normal determines the direction of the scatterer axis, are also possible. Exemplary embodiment 3 - direction-dependent combination of absorbers and diffuse scatterers Exemplary embodiment 1 can be expanded such that not only light-absorbing objects are present in or on the spectacle lens, but also objects that diffusely scatter light in combination with them. Alternatively, objects can also be used that have both light-absorbing and light-diffusely scattering parts. The scatterers are preferably located behind an absorber in the central line of sight, so that the absorber(s) absorb at least part of the light diffusely scattered by the scatterers, which light would enter the eye without absorbers.It is particularly advantageous if the absorber(s) completely absorb(s) the light which would otherwise emanate from the scatterers (located in the central line of sight) and fall into the pupil. This light could otherwise impair central vision and, particularly in the case of bright peripheral light sources, cause glare or a strong loss of contrast in the area of ​​central vision. If scatterers are used to impair the imaging properties of peripheral vision, such unwanted glare or an unwanted strong loss of contrast in the area of ​​central vision can be avoided by suitably positioning absorbers in front of the scatterers. The absorber(s) has(have)For this purpose, they preferably have a larger cross-section in the primary beam direction than the scatterers, and the distances between the scatterers and the absorbers are set in particular in such a way that a region of the field of view with almost constant image quality is achieved. Since the extent to which the scatterers are shadowed by the absorber(s) depends on the size of the pupil of the eye looking through the spectacle lens and the distance from the absorbers, the diameter of the absorbers and / or their axial length can vary depending on the pupil diameter of the wearer and the position of the absorber in the lens. The pupil used for the calculation can, for example, be an average expected or the largest expected pupil diameter, which in turn can depend on the direction of view and thus the position in the lens. In addition to the absorbers in the central direction of view, there are preferably several or more absorbers in the peripheral field of view of the spectacle lens.larger proportions of the scatterers outside the core shadow of the absorber(s), so that in this area the scatterers together with the absorbers cause a greater reduction in contrast than for central vision, by creating disc-shaped shadows (in the case of absorbers) or brightening of the image (in the case of scatterers), which ultimately reduce the image quality. The absorption cross sections of the absorbers or the scattering cross sections of the scatterers can be adjusted for peripheral vision so that the shadows and brightening lead to a reduction in image quality that is as unnoticeable as possible during eye movement. This can be achieved by shading bright objects to the same extent that dark objects are brightened. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to use absorbers instead of scatterers, and vice versa.It is advantageous if the scatterers or absorbers closer to the eye during central vision scatter or absorb as much of the light falling on it as possible. Otherwise, the light is partially transparent, and the modulation of the image is less pronounced or can be adjusted over a smaller range of possible contrasts. A further advantage of combining absorbers located in front of the scatterers in the central line of sight results from the use of one or more additional light sources to illuminate the scatterers. This can be achieved, for example, by light sources located in the edge of the lens (e.g. LEDs). In this case, the light from the light source(s) is scattered by the scatterers, but is only absorbed by the absorbers during central vision, not during peripheral vision.The scattered light can have a higher intensity than the scene viewed by the wearer, so that the myopia progression-inhibiting effect is enhanced compared to a conventional myopia progression-inhibiting spectacle lens or a corresponding contact lens, since the image can be degraded in a controlled manner by adjusting the light intensity of the light source to the ambient lighting. The latter can be carried out with the aid of a photosensor mounted in the spectacle frame or in the spectacle lens and a control unit. Embodiment 4 — Direction-Dependent Anti-Reflection Coatings At least one optically effective component of the spectacle lens can be designed, for example, as a dielectric anti-reflection coating. It can be applied to suitably curved, segmented surfaces, to whose surface normal the surface normal of the anti-reflection layer system runs parallel.The anti-reflective coating system is preferably optimized so that no or hardly any reflections occur when light is incident perpendicular to the coating system, and the reflected portion of the light increases with increasing angle of incidence—preferably only above a predetermined threshold. The normal to the coating system is essentially parallel to the main rays of an eye looking through the lens for central vision, while for peripheral vision it is positioned at a non-zero angle. As a result, compared to central vision, the image quality of peripheral vision is impaired by the coating system due to intensity losses caused by reflections or scattered light entering from the sides.Embodiment 5 — Direction-Dependent Holographic Interference Filters. Holographic interference filters can, of course, also be produced that, similar to dielectric anti-reflection coating systems, exhibit direction-dependent transmission and / or reflection properties, with which the imaging properties of the spectacle lens can be specifically impaired in peripheral vision relative to central vision. Quantifying the Image Quality. The transmission properties of the light traveling along the primary or secondary rays can be used as a measure of the direction-dependent imaging quality of the spectacle lens. To characterize these transmission properties, the following terms are designated by ^^. ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ the transmission along two primary rays ^^ passing through the viewing points ^^ and ^^ (with ^^ ≠ ^^) ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^The transmission along two secondary rays passing through the same viewing points ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ , which additionally the main beam ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ of the respective other viewing point between the spectacle lens 100 and the primary ray intersection point 30 at a predetermined distance ^^ from the primary ray intersection point at an angle ^^^^ ^^, ^^ ^^or ^^^^ ^^, ^^ ^^, is denoted by ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^The convention used is that the transmission can take values ​​between 0 (no transmission) and 1 (full transmission).Within the scope of the present invention, the spectacle lens can optionally have one or more of the following properties which are advantageous for the spectacle lens wearer and which can be quantified by conditions on the transmission properties along primary and secondary rays passing through pairs of viewing points ( ^^, ^^), wherein the conditions preferably apply in each case to all pairs of viewing points which can be formed from a set of 3 or more - preferably all - viewing points which are 1 mm or further apart from one another and are located in the effective range, provided that the viewing points of a pair are 10 mm or further apart from one another: Property 1 - Direction-dependent modulation of the image quality: For efficient myopia control, it can be advantageous to reduce the image quality for peripheral vision in comparison to central vision, regardless of the viewing point orfrom the viewing point. The transmission along a primary ray ^^. ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ intersecting secondary beam ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ is therefore at least by a factor of ^^ ^^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ smaller than the transmission along the primary beam ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ , regardless of which of the pair's viewing points the primary and secondary rays pass through. Thus, the following applies: ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ ^^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ⋅ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ ^^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ⋅ ^^ ^^ ^^ , where the factor ^^ ^^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^preferably 0.98, more preferably 0.95, even more preferably 0.90, even more preferably 0.70, and most preferably 0.60. Property 2 – Sufficient recognizability of peripheral objects: To achieve sufficient recognizability of objects in the peripheral field of vision, the transmission ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ along both secondary rays ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ regardless of the viewing point, preferably above the value of a given minimum peripheral transmission ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ . Therefore, preferably: ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ , where ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.50 and most preferably 0.60. Property 3 – Good image quality in central vision: To ensure good image quality in central vision, the transmission ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^along both primary rays ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ above a given minimum central transmission ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ . The following applies: where ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ preferably 0.60, more preferably 0.80, even more preferably 0.90, even more preferably 0.95, and most preferably 0.98. Property 4 – Homogeneous image quality in central vision: To achieve comfortable central vision, as well as to avoid unwanted optical phenomena caused by binocularly different brightnesses, such as the Pulvrich effect, when supplying both eyes, the transmissions differ. ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ along both primary rays ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ by no more than a fraction ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ of their mean. Therefore: where the fraction ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ preferably 0.30, more preferably 0.15, even more preferably 0.10, even more preferably 0.05, and most preferably 0.02. Property 5 – Sufficient absolute deterioration of image quality in peripheral vision: For efficient myopia control, in addition to a relative deterioration of image quality compared to central vision, an absolute deterioration may also be provided. The transmission along both secondary rays of the pair of viewing points (^^, ^^) is therefore preferably at most a predetermined maximum peripheral transmission ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ . Therefore: ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ , where ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^preferably 0.95, more preferably 0.90, even more preferably 0.80, and most preferably 0.60. The spectacle lens preferably has property 1 and particularly preferably additionally at least one of the above-mentioned properties 2 to 5. The more of the above-mentioned properties the spectacle lens according to the invention has, the better it is tolerated and the better it can inhibit eye length growth. The properties have been listed in descending order of importance or effectiveness with regard to high wearing comfort, whereby one or more properties listed later can already bring about high wearing comfort and high myopia control on their own or in combination with only one or some (not necessarily all) of the properties listed earlier.Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a possible measuring arrangement for determining the transmission properties of a spectacle lens 100 (according to the invention), wherein for illustration purposes three beam paths are shown in the same figure: two along the primary rays ^^ passing through the viewing points ^^ and ^^ respectively. ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ and one along a secondary beam ^^ ^^ ^^ through the viewing point ^^. The viewing points of the considered pair ^^, ^^ have a distance ^^ ^^ ^^ to each other. The measurements of the transmission along the respective primary and secondary beams are carried out sequentially. For the sake of clarity, the secondary beam is shown as ^^ ^^ ^^ and all related quantities are not shown. However, they can be calculated according to the values ​​of the secondary beam ^^ ^^ ^^The related quantities can be represented or determined by exchanging the designations for the viewing points ^^ and ^^. For each of the three beam paths shown in Figure 8, a light source ^^ ^^ ^^ is associated. ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and one direction-dependent detector each ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ The light sources each emit a collimated light beam of a fixed diameter in the direction of the spectacle lens 100, approximately the size of the entrance pupil of the eye, e.g., 3 mm. The direction-dependent detectors ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ Each exhibits a narrow sensitivity maximum around a direction of maximum sensitivity (e.g., 2.5 degrees as half the width of the maximum). The light sources radiate along the axes during the measurement. ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^. The detectors ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ During the measurement, they are each arranged on an eye-side section of a primary beam, which passes through the primary beam intersection point 30 and a viewing point ^^ or ^^ (each marked in the index), at a distance ^^ from the primary beam intersection point 30, where ^^ denotes the distance of the entrance pupil of the wearer's eye from their eye rotation point. Typically, ^^ is approximately 12 mm. The maximum sensitivity of the detectors is aligned along the primary beams or along the secondary beam (i.e., along the transmitted eye-side beam directions ^^). ′ ^ ^ ^^ , ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ or ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^). In general, it is preferred if one or more (especially all) of the above-mentioned properties (especially property 1 and / or property 2 and / or property 5) is / are satisfied for at least one value for ^^ in the range from about 9 mm to about 15 mm, preferably for at least one value for ^^ in the range from about 11 mm to about 13 mm, most preferably for ^^ = 12 ^^ ^^. The transmission ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ along the primary rays ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ ^^ or the transmission ^^ ^^ ^^ along the secondary beam ^^ ^^ ^^ results from the ratio of the incident beam directions ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ and the transmitted eye-side beam directions ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ , ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ or ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ intensities measured with the detector ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^and ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ : . In Figure 8, the length of the arrows used to represent the axes is ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ , ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ and ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ for the purpose of a more vivid representation proportional to the respective irradiated or transmitted intensities ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , ie it applies ^^ ^^ ^^ = ^^| ^^ ^^ ^^ | or ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ = ^^| ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^|, where ^^ is a constant, and where ^^ ^^ generally denotes the corresponding indices ^^ ^^, ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^. In order for the measurements described above to be possible, the position and beam direction of the light source as well as the position of the detector must be suitably adjusted for given viewing points ^^ and ^^. The directions of the respective primary rays before and after the spectacle lens 100, as well as the resulting position of the primary beam intersection point 30, can be determined with the aid of the measuring device by determining the directions of the incident light beam ^^ with the viewing point ^^ or ^^ held fixed. ^^ ^^ , ^^ ^^ ^^ or ^^ ^^ ^^ , as well as the direction of maximum sensitivity of the detector ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ , ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^ or ^^ ′ ^ ^ ^^relative to the lens 100 independently of each other (ie without holding one of the two directions fixed) until the measured intensity ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ , or ^^ ^ ′ ^ ^^ is maximized. The incident intensities are determined in the same way, but without the spectacle lens 100. Optionally, the measuring arrangement includes a (thin) compensation lens 80, which allows consistent measurements over a larger range of refractions. In the simplest case, the compensation lens 80 has a power that corresponds to the opposite refraction of the person for whom the spectacle lens 100 is intended. For example, the compensation lens can have the following compensating effect: where ^^, ^^, ^^ denote the sphere, cylinder, and axis of the compensating lens (index "comp") and the refraction of the wearer (index "Rx"), respectively. Analogously, the compensating effect can also be expressed in power vector notation (ie, as the spherical equivalent ^^ and two astigmatic components ^^0 and ^^ 45 ) must be specified: If the refraction is not known, it can be determined approximately, e.g., from the local refractive power of the spectacle lens 100, in particular by appropriately forming the median, which can be formed, e.g., as a geometric or component-wise median over the surface of the spectacle lens 100, depending on the local refractive power of the spectacle lens 100 measured at the viewing point in the power vector representation. If the spectacle lens 100 has a conventional refractive power that changes across the spectacle lens 100 (e.g., due to an optimization of the wear position of the spectacle lens), a compensation lens 80 can be used, the refractive power of which at least approximately compensates for the conventional refractive power of the spectacle lens 100 at all viewing points. The compensation lens can, e.g.,be designed as a collimator integrated into the detection beam path and arranged along the direction of maximum sensitivity, which, depending on the conventional refractive power at the currently measured viewing point, collimates the conventionally refracted part of the light passing through the spectacle lens before it falls on the detector. In particular, if the local conventional refractive power of the spectacle lens 100 is unknown, the compensation lens 80 can compensate for the median of the locally measured refractive power of the spectacle lens 100 at given viewing points, which was determined over a limited area around the corresponding viewing point in the spectacle lens 100 (e.g., over a circle with a diameter of 8 mm). Of course, other quantiles can also be used to determine the local refractive power of the spectacle lens 100 as an alternative to the median. To measure the transmission properties of samples to be measured (i.e.,of the spectacle lens 100, if necessary with compensation lens 80), in addition to UV-VIS spectrometers with suitably positionable and orientable light sources and / or detectors, so-called haze measuring devices are also suitable as measuring devices (see, for example, the document US 2019 / 0235279 A1).List of reference symbols 1 Spectacle lens section at a first viewing point in the field of effect 2 Spectacle lens section at a second viewing point in the field of effect 7 Front surface of the lens 8 Rear surface of the lens 10 Field of effect 13 Primary ray 15 Secondary ray 20 Optically effective component (optically effective element) 30 Primary ray intersection point 35 Virtual intersection sphere 40 Entrance pupil 50 Direction of view / fixation line 80 Compensation lens 100 Spectacle lens A Absorber (light-absorbing element) Ax Axis BEL Light source DET Detector HSz Main rays of light bundles used for central vision HSp Main rays of light bundles used for peripheral vision P Viewing point Q Viewing point S Scatterer (light-scattering element) SO Segmented surface TA Partial shading VA Complete shading.

Claims

Applicant: Rodenstock GmbH "Spectacle lenses with visual field-modulated image quality" Our reference: R 3363WO - hb / msc Patent claims 1. Spectacle lens (100) with a field of effect (10) such that for each visual point on a rear surface of the lens (8) within the field of effect (10), the image quality of the spectacle lens (100) is maximum in a beam direction of a primary beam (13) belonging to the respective visual point, and the primary beams (13) of all visual points in the field of effect (10) essentially intersect at a common eye-side primary beam intersection point (30). 2.Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 1, wherein for each viewing point in the effective range (10) of the spectacle lens (100), the imaging quality of the spectacle lens (100) for beam directions that deviate from the beam direction of the respective primary beam is at least partially reduced by absorption and / or diffuse scattering and / or contrast reduction compared to the maximum imaging quality of the spectacle lens at the respective viewing point.

3. Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary beam intersection point (30) corresponds to an optical eye rotation point in a use position of the spectacle lens (100).

4. Spectacle lens (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spectacle lens (100) has at least one optically active element (20) in the effective range (10).

5. Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 4, wherein an optical effect of the at least one optically effective element (20) depends on a direction of a light beam incident on the at least one optically effective element (20).

6. Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the at least one optically effective element (20) has a longitudinal axis and an optical effect of the at least one optically effective element (20) on a light beam incident on the optically effective element (20) depends on the angle between a beam direction of the light beam and the longitudinal axis, wherein the longitudinal axis is preferably aligned substantially parallel to the beam direction of the primary beam running in the region of the corresponding optically effective element (20).Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 6, wherein the optical effect of the at least one optically effective element (20) is substantially constant for light rays whose angles between the beam direction and the longitudinal axis are equal to or smaller than a predefined threshold angle, and wherein the optical effect of the at least one optically effective element (20) increases continuously with increasing angle for light rays whose angles between the beam direction and the longitudinal axis are above the predefined threshold angle. 8.Spectacle lens (100) according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the at least one optically active element (20) comprises at least one light-absorbing element (A) and / or at least one light-scattering element (S); and / or wherein at least one of the at least one optically active element (20) comprises a micropin, a microneedle and / or a microcone, and / or wherein at least one of the at least one optically active element (20) comprises a plurality of microspheres arranged in a row, and / or wherein at least one of the at least one optically active element (20) comprises a plurality of color pigment spots arranged in a row, and / or wherein at least one of the at least one optically active element (20) comprises a dielectric anti-reflective coating, and / or. wherein at least one of the at least one optically active elements (20) comprises a holographic interference filter.

9. The spectacle lens (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which has a plurality of optically active elements (20) in the active region (10), wherein the plurality of optically active elements (20) comprises both at least one light-absorbing element (A) and at least one light-scattering element (S), and wherein each of the at least one light-scattering element (S) is arranged closer to a front surface (7) of the spectacle lens (100) than each of the at least one light-absorbing element (A). 10.Spectacle lens (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which has a plurality of optically active elements (20) in the active region (10), wherein the plurality of optically active elements (20) comprises at least one light-scattering element (S) and at least one corresponding light-absorbing element (A) such that light emanating from the at least one light-scattering element (S) in a beam direction of the primary beam running in the region of the corresponding light-scattering element (S) is at least partially absorbed by the corresponding light-absorbing element. 11.Spectacle lens (100) according to one of the preceding claims, having a plurality of optically active elements (20) which are distributed over the effective area (10) in such a way that projections of the positions of the optically active elements along the primary beam running in the area of the respective optically active element onto a corresponding viewing point on the rear surface (8) of the spectacle lens (100) result in an area density distribution which is proportional to. ^^ 2 where ^^ denotes the distance of the respective viewing point from the primary ray intersection point (30) and ^^ denotes the angle between the eye-side beam direction of the primary ray belonging to the respective viewing point and a surface normal to the rear surface (8) of the spectacle lens (100) at the respective viewing point.

12. Spectacle lens (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which has a plurality of optically active elements (20) in the effective area (10), the arrangement of which is irregular or has at least one irregular component.

13. Spectacles comprising at least one spectacle lens (100) according to one of the preceding claims.

14. Spectacles according to claim 13, wherein the at least one optically active element (20) of the at least one spectacle lens (100) comprises at least one light-scattering element (S), and wherein the spectacles further comprise: - one or more light sources for illuminating the at least one light-scattering element (S); - a photosensor for detecting ambient light; and - a control unit for adjusting a light intensity of the one or more light sources based on the ambient light detected by the photosensor.

Images