Organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes

Abstract

The organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes is constituted of 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 40 - 70 p.w. preferably 50 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 0.05 - 25 mm, preferably 20 mm and a water content of 40 - 80%, preferably 70.0%, 5 - 15 p.w., preferably 15 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 2.5 - 15.0%, preferably 10.0%; 5 - 10 p.w., preferably 10 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which is cereal straw with a particle size of 1.5 - 25.0 mm, preferably 20 mm and a water content of 10.0 - 25.0%, preferably 20.0%; 10 - 25 p.w., preferably 10 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of hardwood sawdust and / or coniferous sawdust with a particle size of 1.0 - 15.0 mm, preferably 10 mm and a water content of 15.0 - 30.0%, preferably 25.0%; 5.0 - 20.0 p.w., preferably 10.0 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer, with a water content of 5.0 - 15.0%, preferably 15.0%.

Description

[0001] Organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes

[0002] The subject of the invention is an organic-mineral fertilizer produced as a result of mechanical processing of biowastes used to enrich agricultural soils with organic and mineral substances and to revitalize as well as regenerate degraded soils in order to create better growth conditions for plants.

[0003] According to Journal of Laws U. No. 119 item 765 of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of June 18, 2008 and Journal of Laws Laws of 2016, item 250, 1020, 1250 and 1920 of the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of December 29, 2016 on the detailed method of selective collection of selected waste fractions, biowastes, i.e. municipal biodegradable waste collected selectively, include only:

[0004] • green wastes - grass, leaves, shredded branches , flowers, leftovers of cut and potted flowers,

[0005] • kitchen wastes of plant origin - food leftovers (without meat), fruit and vegetable peelings, expired fruit and vegetables, coffee and tea grounds, and egg shells.

[0006] There are known solutions in which biowastes are used as materials, raw materials for the production of composts, fermentation processes with recovery of the so-called biogas (methane), bioconversion of organic waste into biogas in fermentation processes using Hermetia illucens insects (Project "INOIL: Innovative method of bioconversion of food industry by-products" - as part of the NCBiR Lider VII competition, 2016; Concept of IN-OIL project based on bioconversion of by-products from food processing industry. 2017. Journal of Ecological Engineering 18(5), 180-185. DOI: https: / / doi.org / 10.12911 / 22998993 / 76211 (Czekata W., 2017), combustion with energy recovery. The invention PL220215 describes a fertilizer in the form of pellets, consisting of ash from the combustion of wood, straw or blackcoal pellets and brown coal fines, with the share of brown coal in the pelleted mass ranging from 5 to 50% by weight, with the ash used as a complement to the rest of the fertilizer.

[0007] The PL169896B1 patent describes a method of producing a mineral and organic fertilizer with an increased content of magnesium and potassium from a mixture of post-fermentation sludge with a dry matter content of 18% and partially calcinated dolomite, calcinated basalt waste and cement dust.

[0008] The method of utilization of energy waste and sewage sludge is described in the patent PL196106B1. It was based on the total mixing of sewage sludge with a hydration of 60% with ashes from the combustion of blackcoal, and then granulating the obtained product for final use as a fertilizer.

[0009] Organic fertilizer (PL179311), primarily for alkaline and strongly alkaline soils, is made from brown coal and possibly peat and minerals. Characterized by the fact, that it contains at least 35 - 97% by weight of brown coal and, optionally, high peat in an amount of up to 50% by weight, biohumus in an amount of up to 20% by weight, acrylic gel, optionally coated with brown coal dust, in an amount of up to 10% by weight, with whereby, these ingredients are preferably coated with carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of up to 2% by weight and manure, preferably granulated, sterile in an amount of up to 20% by weight, mineral fertilizers, preferably granulated up to 20% by weight, including trace elements, preferably copper, zinc and molybdenum up to 1 % by weight, wherein these ingredients are preferably coated with fat, most preferably oil in an amount of up to 2% by weight and / or chalk or plaster in an amount of up to 20% by weight. However, from the description of the invention PL297619A1, a method is known for producing calcium fertilizer from processed sewage sludge from the food industry, which consists in adding ground calcium oxide in an amount from 30% to 70% of the sludge to the sludge containing from 8% to 30% of dry matter, and then mixing, stabilizing and granulating this mixture.

[0010] Patent PI 178295 discloses a multi-component fertilizer containing an organic component in the form of natural fertilizer of animal origin, preferably bird manure, in an amount of at least 20% by weight, a calcium component in the form of lignite ash and / or quicklime, where the weight ratio of the organic component to the calcium component is from 3:1 to 1:1 and optionally additional brown coal and / or wood bark in an amount of 0.1-10% by weight and / or a sorption component in the form of a cross-linked acrylic copolymer with a water absorption capacity of at least lOg / lg of the sorption component and / or nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus nutrients in an amount of 9-20% by weight, preferably used in a weight ratio of 1:2:2 and / or tobacco dust in an amount of 01-10% by weight in relation to the total weight of the fertilizer.

[0011] Solution WO2019138205 as an invention describes a procedure for producing a soil remediation agent based on liquid organic waste and a soil remediation agent produced by this method. The process is that liquid organic waste material is simultaneously pasteurized and fermented by thermophilic aerobic fermentation in the liquid phase in a fermentation tank - the organic waste is continuously maintained at a temperature of at least 70°C for at least one hour, while liquid organic waste contains at least 70% water and can be pumped. After a period of at least one hour, a small amount of the pasteurized organic waste material is removed and an appropriate amount of fresh organic waste material is added to the tank so that the temperature is maintained within the comfort zone of the thermophilic bacteria. A microporous adsorbent with a particle size of 4 to 1000 micrometers is preferably added to the liquid organic waste material, using a volcanic sedimentary rock such as clinoptilolite, mordenite, filipsite or chabasite or diatomite or plant material in the form of biochar, as well as their mixtures. The resulting mixture is granulated and dried. The purpose of the invention is to produce an organic-mineral fertilizer by mechanical processing of biowastes, including fertilization and improvement of the soil structure, increasing the total number and microbiological activity of the soil, including obtaining healthy products from agricultural, horticultural and orchard cultivation. The produced organic-mineral fertilizer will improve the vitality of degraded soils. Thanks to its physical and chemical structure, it is an appropriate product for revitalization of soils devastated by agricultural and environmental use.

[0012] The essence of the invention is an organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes, which is constituted in relation to 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 40 - 70 p.w. preferably 50 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 0.05 - 25 mm, preferably 20 mm and a water content of 40 - 80%, preferably 70.0%, 5 - 15 p.w., preferably 15 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 2.5 - 15.0%, preferably 10.0%; 5 - 10 p.w., preferably 10 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which is cereal straw with a particle size of 1.5 - 25.0 mm, preferably 20 mm and a water content of 10.0 - 25.0%, preferably 20.0%; 10 - 25 p.w., preferably 10 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of hardwood sawdust and / or coniferous sawdust with a particle size of 1.0 - 15.0 mm, preferably 10 mm and a water content of 15.0 - 30.0%, preferably 25.0%; 5.0 - 20.0 p.w., preferably 10.0 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer, with a water content of 5.0 - 15.0%, preferably 15.0%.

[0013] Thanks to the use of the solution according to the invention, the following technical and operational effects were achieved:

[0014] • the components used are of natural origin,

[0015] • the basic component is municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively,

[0016] • immediate effect in the form of a final product obtained within a few to several minutes,

[0017] • the product is completely biodegradable, • neutralization of over 80% of unpleasant odors originating from pulp obtained from biodegradable wastes collected separately,

[0018] • reducing the water content in the pulp (approx. 80%) to 30-40% in the finished organic-mineral fertilizer,

[0019] • obtaining the stability of nutrients in relation to other technologies related to thermal processing,

[0020] • there are no unpleasant odors during the processing and when using the finished product (organic-mineral fertilizer),

[0021] • avoiding the use of toxic waste (e.g. containing chemicals or heavy metals),

[0022] • the product does not emit CO2 or other volatile gases such as sulfuric or chloride acid vapors,

[0023] • possibility of easy packaging of the finished product,

[0024] • the product is characterized by high biological, agrochemical, ecological and natural value,

[0025] • possibility of enriching the soil with nutrients,

[0026] • possibility of use for amelioration of degraded lands and for improving the structure of weak soils,

[0027] • positive impact on the environment through energy savings, returning unchanged biomass to the environment, and as a result, the possibility of reducing the greenhouse effect,

[0028] • the obtained product is cheap and does not require highly specialized technology.

[0029] The essence of the invention is the mechanical processing of biowastes in that the finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively are subjected to a process of structural stabilization using an organic stabilizer (cereal straw), a lignin-cellulose organic sorbent (sawdust from coniferous trees and / or sawdust from deciduous trees) and the whole mixture is additionally stabilized with calcium sulfate. The unique essence of the invention is the production of organic-mineral fertilizer without the use of composting, fermentation, chemical and thermal factors. Another important and key feature of the invention is the reduction to a minimum of emissions of greenhouse effect gases while maintaining the valuable organic and biological structures of the processed fertilizer.

[0030] The target effects of the invention are sustainable revitalization and improvement of the soil structure, increasing the microbiological activity of the soil, including obtaining healthy products from agricultural, horticultural and orchard cultivation. The elaborated organic-mineral fertilizer will improve the vitality of degraded soils. Thanks to its structure, appropriate relationships between the organic and mineral structure and reduced processing costs, it is an appropriate fertilizer product for large-scale agricultural production.

[0031] The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes is constituted in relation to 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 60 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 0.05 mm and a water content of 40%; 5 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 2.5%; 5 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which is cereal straw with a particle size of 1.5 mm and a water content of 10.0%; 20 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of hardwood sawdust and coniferous sawdust with a particle size of 1.0 mm and a water content of 15.0%; 10 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer with water content 5.0%.

[0034] The organic-mineral fertilizer is characterized by the following properties: - dry matter content 45.0%, - specific surface area of the organic-mineral fertilizer 45.0 m2 / g dry matter, - pH of the mixture equal to 6.5, - Ca content 40028.9 mg / kg; Mg 10237.2 mg / kg; K 3342.1 mg / kg; Zn 65.5 mg / kg; Mn 24.0 mg / kg; Fe 92.0 mg / kg. Example 2

[0035] The organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes is constituted of 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 50 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 20 mm and a water content of 80%; 10 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 10%; 10 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which Is cereal straw with a particle size of 25.0 mm and a water content of 25.0%; 10 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of sawdust from hardwood sawdust and coniferous sawdust with a particle size of 15.0 mm and a water content of 30.0%; 20.0 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer with water content 10.0%.

[0036] The organic-mineral fertilizer is characterized by the following properties: - dry matter content 55.0%, - specific surface area of the organic-mineral fertilizer 40.0 m2 / g dry matter, - pH of the mixture equal to 7, - Ca content 6540.9 mg / kg; Mg 1302.2 mg / kg; K 3207.1 mg / kg; Zn 31.89 mg / kg; Mn 24.1.0 mg / kg; Fe 67.8.0 mg / kg.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes is constituted of 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 40 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 15 mm and a water content of 65%; 15 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 15.0%; 10 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which is cereal straw with a particle size of 20.0 mm and a water content of 15.0%; 25 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of hardwood sawdust and coniferous sawdust with a particle size of 10.0 mm and a water content of 20.0%; 10.0 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer with water content 15.0%.

[0039] The organic-mineral fertilizer is characterized by the following properties: - dry matter content 65.0%, - specific surface area of the organic-mineral fertilizer 70.0 m2 / g dry matter, - pH of the mixture equal to 7.5 - Ca content 7650.9 mg / kg ; Mg 675.20 mg / kg; K 2540.64 mg / kg; Zn 35.5 mg / kg; Mn 65.01 mg / kg; Fe 55.12 mg / kg.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] The organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes is constituted of 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 70 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 25 mm and a water content of 70%; 5 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 5.0%; 10 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which is cereal straw with a particle size of 15.0 mm and a water content of 10.0%; 10 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of sawdust from coniferous and deciduous trees with a particle size of 15.0 mm and a water content of 15.0%; 5 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer, water content 10.0%.

[0042] The organic-mineral fertilizer is characterized by the following properties: - dry matter content 45.0%, - specific surface area of the organic-mineral fertilizer 25.0 m2 / g dry matter, - pH of the mixture equal to 7.0 - Ca content 6334.9 mg / kg ; Mg 989.01 mg / kg; K 1207.14 mg / kg; Zn 23.10 mg / kg; Mn 95.01 mg / kg; Fe 79.07 mg / kg.

Claims

ClaimThe organic-mineral fertilizer from mechanical processing of biowastes, characterized by the fact that it is constituted of 100 parts by weight (p.w.) with: 40 - 70 p.w. preferably 50 p.w. of mechanically finely ground mass of municipal biodegradable wastes collected selectively with a particle size of 0.05 - 25 mm, preferably 20 mm and a water content of 40 - 80%, preferably 70.0%, 5 - 15 p.w., preferably 15 p.w. of mineral pH regulator namely calcium oxide with a water content of 2.5 - 15.0%, preferably 10.0%; 5 - 10 p.w., preferably 10 p.w. of an organic stabilizer, which is cereal straw with a particle size of 1.5 - 25.0 mm, preferably 20 mm and a water content of 10.0 - 25.0%, preferably 20.0%; 10 - 25 p.w., preferably 10 p.w. of lignin-cellulose organic sorbent of hardwood sawdust and / or coniferous sawdust with a particle size of 1.0 - 15.0 mm, preferably 10 mm and a water content of 15.0 - 30.0%, preferably 25.0%; 5.0 - 20.0 p.w., preferably 10.0 p.w. of calcium sulfate mineral stabilizer, with a water content of 5.0 - 15.0%, preferably 15.0%