Vacuum interrupter for switching high voltages, and arrangement comprising said vacuum interrupter

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter (1) for switching high voltages, said vacuum interrupter comprising: at least one enclosure (2); at least one fixed contact piece (3) which has a contact plate (5) and a contact bolt (6); and at least one movable contact piece (4) which has a contact plate (5) and a contact bolt (6). The at least one enclosure (2) comprises at least one ceramic segment (7) and a metallic switching chamber (8). The contact bolt (6) of the at least one movable contact piece (4) is guided into the at least one enclosure (2) via at least one bellows (9). The at least one bellows (9) is at least partially spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber (8). The arrangement (12) according to the invention comprising a vacuum interrupter (1) has a metal tank housing and / or an insulator housing (13) in which the vacuum interrupter (1) is arranged, in particular filled with clean air as the insulating gas (14).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Vacuum interrupter for switching high voltages and arrangement with the vacuum interrupter

[0003] The invention relates to a vacuum interrupter for switching high voltages and to an arrangement with a vacuum interrupter, with at least one casing, and with at least one fixed contact piece which comprises a contact plate and a contact pin, and with at least one movable contact piece which comprises a contact plate and a contact pin. The at least one casing comprises at least one ceramic segment and a metallic switching chamber. The contact pin of the at least one movable contact piece is guided into the at least one casing via at least one bellows. The at least one bellows (8) is at least partially spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber (7).

[0004] Vacuum interrupters or vacuum switches which comprise arrangements of vacuum interrupters are, for example, circuit breakers or are used in circuit breakers in which switching contacts which can be moved relative to one another are arranged in at least one vacuum interrupter chamber. In high-voltage technology, such vacuum interrupters are used for switching voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular greater than or equal to 52 kV, and / or for switching large currents in the range of up to several tens of kiloamperes. Vacuum interrupters, in particular those comprised in switching arrangements, are low-maintenance, durable and are driven easily and reliably, in particular via spring-loaded drives and / or motors. For high voltage requirements, arrangements with several vacuum interrupters are used, for example, whose switching paths are electrically connected in series, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2013 208 419 A1. Alternatively, for example,Vacuum interrupters with multiple switching paths are used particularly in a vacuum interrupter. For switching, the switching contacts or contact pieces, which can be moved relative to one another, are in mechanical and electrical contact when switched on, and are moved away from one another to switch off. In the switched off state, a gap is formed between the contact pieces, which can be a distance of, for example, a millimeter to a centimeter between the contact pieces. The vacuum formed between the contact pieces in the vacuum interrupter maintains a voltage up to high voltage in the switched off state without electrical flashovers, for example in the form of arcs. For switching on, the contact pieces, which can be moved relative to one another, are moved towards one another until there is electrical and mechanical contact between the contact pieces.

[0005] In order to insulate the contact pieces from one another when the switch is off, a vacuum is created in the vacuum interrupter and a casing of the vacuum interrupter comprises insulating areas, e.g. in the form of one or more ceramic segments. To ensure good electrical conduction when the switch is on, the contact pieces are made from one metal, several metals and / or a metal alloy. In the area of ​​mechanical contact between the contact pieces, metal vapor is created when arcs are burned and / or switched on. The metal vapor precipitates or condenses on the casing of the vacuum interrupter and is electrically conductive. For this reason, a protective layer is required in the area of ​​the gap or the switch.of the mechanical contact of the contact pieces, a metallic switching chamber is arranged, on the inside of which metal vapor can condense without affecting the insulating properties of the envelope of the vacuum interrupter. Furthermore, in high-voltage applications the metallic switching chamber serves to absorb X-rays which can arise during switching. In order to achieve an even voltage distribution across the vacuum interrupter, vacuum interrupters in the prior art are designed symmetrically, cf. in particular DE 10 2010 005 466 B3. The envelope is designed symmetrically, in particular with regard to the ceramic segments, with a plane of symmetry arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter in the region of the mechanical contact of the contact pieces in the switched-on state.Frequently, a fixed and a movable contact piece are used for the sake of simplicity, as this means that only one drive is required to drive one contact piece during switching. The fixed contact piece is guided into the vacuum interrupter at one end, for example via a metallic cover, in a vacuum-tight and mechanically fixed manner. The movable contact piece is guided into the vacuum interrupter at the opposite second end, for example via a metallic cover with a bellows, in a vacuum-tight and mechanically movable manner.

[0006] The metallic switching chamber or main shield of the vacuum interrupter is arranged in the middle between the opposite covers, with ceramic segments arranged to the right and left of the switching chamber. The metallic switching chamber with the ceramic segments, vacuum-tight at the ends via the covers and the bellows, form a hollow, cylindrical envelope with, for example, a circular base. The envelope is symmetrical along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter, with the exception of the covers and the bellows. In vacuum interrupters for high voltages, particularly high voltages, long insulation distances are necessary for electrical insulation. For this purpose, several ceramic segments can be used on each side of the vacuum interrupter, which are joined together, for example, via metallic shields which are designed internally, for example, as vapor shields. The parts of the vacuum interrupter, in particular the envelope with, for example,Ceramic segments, main shield or switching chamber, vapor shields, covers and bellows as well as the contact pieces are joined together in a vacuum-tight manner, e.g. by soldering in a soldering furnace. The symmetrical design of the vacuum interrupter enables even voltage distribution across the vacuum interrupter when voltage is applied, with half the total voltage in the open state in the spatial area of ​​the mechanical contact of the contact pieces in the closed state. The vacuum interrupter is essentially symmetrical with regard to voltage distribution. This makes the vacuum interrupter long-term stable, with no electrical arcing across the vacuum interrupter in the open state with voltage applied, which could damage and / or destroy the vacuum interrupter. The symmetrical design results in a great length of the vacuum interrupter, with long, movable contact pieces.A long moving contact piece results in a high mass of the respective contact piece, resulting in high material requirements and costs, and requires a large amount of force or energy to drive the moving contact piece during switching. This requires large, cost-intensive drives, and the switching speed is slower than with short, lightweight moving contact pieces.

[0007] The invention is based on the object of providing a vacuum interrupter for switching high voltages and an assembly comprising such a vacuum interrupter, which solve the problems described above. In particular, the object is to provide a cost-effective vacuum interrupter and assembly with a short, lightweight, easily accelerated movable contact piece, which comprises little metal compared to contact pieces known from the prior art.

[0008] The object is achieved according to the invention by a vacuum interrupter for switching high voltages having the features of claim 1 and / or an arrangement with a previously described vacuum interrupter according to claim 11. Advantageous embodiments of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention for switching high voltages and / or of the arrangement according to the invention with the previously described vacuum interrupter are specified in the subclaims. Subject matter of the main claim can be combined with features of subclaims and features of the subclaims can be combined with one another.

[0009] A vacuum interrupter according to the invention for switching high voltages comprises at least one shell and at least one fixed contact piece, which comprises a contact plate and a contact pin, and at least one movable contact piece, which comprises a contact plate and a contact pin, wherein the at least one shell comprises at least one ceramic segment and a metallic switching chamber, and wherein the contact pin of the at least one movable contact piece is guided into the at least one shell via at least one bellows. The at least one bellows is at least partially spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber. This means that no ceramic segments are arranged on the side of the bellows, i.e. the movable contact piece. The asymmetrical arrangement of at least one ceramic segment on the side of the fixed contact piece and no ceramic segments on the side of the movable contact piece orThe opening of the bellows, as viewed from the metallic switching chamber, is made possible in particular by electrically controlling the vacuum interrupter. The control is effected, for example, via external circuitry with electrical components, in particular resistors, capacitors, varistors, arresters, and / or coils, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2021 207 963 A1, and for the sake of simplicity, is not described further below.

[0010] The asymmetrical vacuum interrupter without ceramic segments on the side of the movable contact piece or with a bellows at least partially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber enables a very short contact pin of the movable contact piece. A contact pin which is shortened or shorter than in the prior art, e.g. in the range of millimeters to centimeters, has a low or reduced weight and material. The material savings, in particular copper and / or steel, reduce costs and enable greater acceleration of the contact piece during switching with less expenditure of force or energy. The increased acceleration enables fast switching with low wear, e.g. due to short arcing times between contact pieces. The low expenditure of force enables the use of cost-effective drives, e.g. spring-loaded drives with or without, in particular, cost-effective gears.Thus, the asymmetrical vacuum interrupter without ceramic segments on the side of the movable contact piece or with a bellows at least partially from the metallic switching chamber and the short or shortened contact pin saves material and costs and enables fast switching times, and a simpler, less complex design of the vacuum interrupter is possible.

[0011] The at least one bellows can be attached to the contact plate of the at least one movable contact piece. This allows the contact pin of the movable contact piece inside the vacuum interrupter to have a length in the range of or shorter than the maximum longitudinal extension during switching of the bellows. Such a short contact pin has the advantages described above.

[0012] The at least one bellows can be spatially enclosed completely by the metallic switching chamber. On the bellows side, no further elements such as, for example, ceramic segments and / or a separate metallic cover are therefore necessary, in particular if the switching chamber is formed at one end of the vacuum interrupter in the form of a metallic cover. This enables a vacuum interrupter with a small number of components, low complexity and / or length, which is easy to assemble. This makes it possible to save time and costs during assembly. The at least one ceramic segment can spatially surround the contact pin of the at least one fixed contact piece. In particular, at least two or more ceramic segments can spatially surround the contact pin of the at least one fixed contact piece.The ceramic segment(s) provide electrical insulation along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter when switched off, with a gap between the contact plates of the contact pieces, ensuring proper operation of the vacuum interrupter. Multiple ceramic segments allow for the vacuum interrupter to be switched off and provide a large insulation gap across the vacuum interrupter's shell, preventing leakage currents. This ensures reliable operation of the vacuum interrupter, especially when switched off.

[0013] Ceramic segments can be arranged exclusively on the side of the fixed contact piece of the vacuum interrupter. The movable contact piece can be spatially enclosed exclusively by metallic parts of the casing, in particular by the at least one bellows and the metallic switching chamber. The arrangement of the ceramic segments exclusively on the side of the fixed contact piece enables the vacuum interrupter to function with the advantages described above.

[0014] The metallic switching chamber can be sealed in a vacuum-tight manner on the side of the at least one movable contact piece by means of the at least one bellows and / or can have a pot shape, through the pot base of which the at least one movable contact piece can be led out of the vacuum interrupter via the at least one bellows. This enables a vacuum-tight vacuum interrupter whose reliable switching function is ensured. The movement of the at least one movable contact piece is made possible in order to enable switching of the vacuum interrupter, with vacuum-tight sealing of the vacuum interrupter via the bellows and / or the metallic switching chamber, in particular in a pot shape at one end of the vacuum interrupter, with the advantages described above.

[0015] Metallic vapor shields can be included, in particular between ceramic segments and / or between the at least one ceramic segment and the metallic switching chamber, in particular which protrude from the casing. This prevents or reduces metallic vapor deposition of ceramic segments, which would lead to a reduction in the electrically insulating effect of the ceramic segments, and enables electrical control of the vacuum interrupter with contacted components, e.g. varistors, capacitors, resistors, arresters, and / or diodes, connected via the vapor shields, with the advantages described above.

[0016] A cover, in particular a metal cover, can be included on the side of the at least one fixed contact piece, which seals the vacuum interrupter in a vacuum-tight manner, in particular in mechanical connection with at least one ceramic segment. The vacuum-tight closure of the vacuum interrupter enables its function during switching, in particular during switching off, wherein a cover, in particular a metal cover, enables a favorable voltage distribution along the vacuum interrupter or enables shielding of parts such as contact pins.

[0017] The contact pieces, in particular the contact plates and / or the contact bolt, can be made of steel, copper and / or a copper-chromium alloy or can comprise steel, copper and / or a copper-chromium alloy. These materials enable low electrical losses across the vacuum interrupter when switched on due to low electrical resistance. The materials have a high resistance to arcing. The interrupter chamber and / or the bellows can be made of steel or can comprise steel. This enables high mechanical strength, long service life and good field distribution along the vacuum interrupter. In particular, X-rays can be shielded by a metallic interrupter chamber, thus preventing any danger to maintenance personnel in particular from radiation from the vacuum interrupter.The metallic switching chamber can enable a control as described above with corresponding advantages.

[0018] The vacuum interrupter can be designed to switch voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV. The advantages described above are particularly pronounced at high voltages. The vacuum interrupter according to the invention can enable switching at high voltages in the high-voltage range described above, in particular reliably and with long-term stability. Flashovers via the vacuum interrupter, which occur in particular at very high voltages, can be avoided with the vacuum interrupter according to the invention, thus preventing damage or even destruction of the vacuum interrupter, which enables long-term stable, in particular maintenance-free, reliable switching of high voltages.

[0019] An arrangement with the vacuum interrupter as described above comprises a metal tank and / or an insulator housing in which the vacuum interrupter is arranged, in particular filled with clean air as the insulating gas. The advantages of the arrangement are analogous to the advantages of the vacuum interrupter described above. A metal tank housing enables the vacuum interrupter to be used in a dead-tank or live-tank high-voltage circuit breaker, and an insulator housing enables the vacuum interrupter to be used in an outdoor switch. The housing protects the vacuum interrupter from environmental influences. Clean air as the insulating gas enables good electrical insulation of the vacuum interrupter in the housing, without the risk of electrical arcing, wherein clean air, i.e. dried, purified air, is environmentally friendly and climate-neutral. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the figures below and described in more detail below.

[0020] The

[0021] Figure 1 schematically shows a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention for switching voltages in a sectional view along a longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter 1 with a bellows 9 which is spatially enclosed by a metallic switching chamber 8, and

[0022] Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of an arrangement 12 according to the invention with a vacuum interrupter 1 according to Figure 1 in a housing 13.

[0023] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention for switching voltages, in particular high voltages in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV, in a sectional view along a longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter 1 from one side, as an example. The vacuum interrupter 1 has an enclosure 2 which comprises a metallic switching chamber 8, ceramic segments 7 which are connected to one another via outwardly drawn vapor shields 10, and a metallic cover 11. The ceramic segments 7 are hollow, cylindrical or tubular in shape and are closed in a fluid-tight manner at one end of the vacuum interrupter 1 via the cover 11. The metallic switching chamber 8 is hollow, cylindrical in shape, with, for example, different cross sections in different regions along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter 1, and is closed in a fluid-tight manner at one end of the vacuum interrupter 1, which end is opposite the end with the cover 11.Inside, the vacuum interrupter 1 is evacuated, or a vacuum exists. Contact pieces 3 and 4 protrude from the ends of the vacuum interrupter 1 into the casing 2 of the vacuum interrupter 1, e.g., a fixed contact piece 3 from one side of the vacuum interrupter 1 and a movable contact piece 4 from the other side of the vacuum interrupter 1. The fixed contact piece.

[0024] 3 is led, for example, by gluing, pressing, soldering, and / or welding, in a fluid-tight manner through the cover 11 from the interior of the vacuum interrupter 1 to the outside. The movable contact piece

[0025] 4 is movably guided from the interior of the vacuum interrupter 1 to the outside via a bellows 9 which is connected in a fluid-tight manner to the contact piece 5 and the main shield or the switching chamber 8, e.g. by gluing, pressing, soldering and / or welding. The contact pieces 3 and 4 each comprise a contact plate 5 and a contact bolt 6. The contact plate 5 is arranged inside the vacuum interrupter 1 at one end of the contact bolt 6, with the plate plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the contact bolt 6. The vacuum interrupter 1 is electrically contacted at the other end of the contact bolt 6, which is arranged outside the vacuum interrupter 1.

[0026] When the vacuum interrupter 1 is switched on, a vacuum gap exists in the off state between the contact plates 5 of the contact pieces 3 and 4, which prevents current from flowing through the contact pieces 3, 4 when voltage is applied. When switched on, the movable contact piece 4 is moved towards the fixed contact piece 3 until the contact plates 5 of the contact pieces 3 and 4 are in electrical and / or mechanical contact, and current can flow. When switched off, the movable contact piece 4 is moved away from the fixed contact piece 3 until the contact plates 5 of the contact pieces 3 and 4 are sufficiently spaced to electrically insulate the contact pieces 3 and 4 from one another when voltage is applied across the gap. A gap in the range of millimeters up to centimeters in an evacuated vacuum interrupter is sufficient, for example, to switch off high voltages, particularly in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV.The vacuum interrupter 1 has, for example, a length in the range of, in particular, 30 to 100 centimeters, and a circumference in the range of, in particular, 10 to 100 centimeters.

[0027] The metallic switching chamber 8 spatially encompasses or encloses the contact plates 5 of the contact pieces 3 and 4. The switching chamber 8 is made of a metal such as copper and / or steel, and comprises, for example, vapor deposition shields on the inside, which are not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity. The hollow-cylindrical ceramic segments 7 are made, for example, of sintered ceramic and, in particular, are surface-treated. The ceramic segments 7 are connected to one another, for example, via vapor shields 10. A connection is made, for example, during a soldering process in a furnace at several hundred degrees Celsius during the manufacture of the vacuum interrupter 1. The vapor shields 10 are, for example, made of metal, in particular copper and / or steel, and are ring-shaped. Inside the vacuum interrupter 1, the vapor shields 10 are designed, for example, in the form of vapor deposition shields, which, for the sake of simplicity, are not shown in detail in the figures.When pulled outward, the vapor shields 10 protrude, e.g., in the form of flat rings, from the vacuum interrupter 1 or beyond the ceramic segment circumference. This allows electrical connection and interconnection of electrical components, e.g., varistors, capacitors, resistors, diodes, and / or arresters, via the vapor shields 10, thus enabling the vacuum interrupter 1 to be switched off. This is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplicity.

[0028] The contact pieces 3 and 4, i.e. contact plate 5 and contact bolt 6, are made of copper, aluminum and / or steel, for example. The contact bolt 6 in particular can be made of one or different materials, for example copper inside the vacuum interrupter and then aluminum led to the outside, or completely of copper. The contact plate 5 is made of one or more materials, for example steel coated with copper or completely of copper, with the contact surface being slotted, for example. The cover 11 is made of a metal, for example, in particular copper and / or steel. The bellows 9 is made of steel, for example spring steel. A solder for joining the parts of the vacuum interrupter 1 together in a vacuum-tight manner during soldering is, for example, tin and / or lead solder.

[0029] In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the ceramic segments 7 and, in particular, vapor shields 10 are arranged only on one side of the vacuum interrupter 1, i.e., spatially enclosing a contact piece 3 or contact pin 6. In other words, the ceramic segments 7 are arranged only on one side of the vacuum interrupter 1, in particular on the side of the fixed contact piece 3, as viewed from the gap or from the contact plates 5. On the other side, the metallic interrupter chamber 8, in particular exclusively in conjunction with the bellows 9, encloses the movable contact piece 4 or the contact pin 6 of the movable contact piece 4, and seals the casing 2 in a vacuum-tight manner on this side. Alternatively, the interrupter chamber 8 is sealed in a vacuum-tight manner by a cover, e.g., similar to cover 11, which is connected, for example, to the interrupter chamber 8 by gluing, clamping, soldering, and / or welding, and the bellows 9 on the side of the bellows 9.

[0030] 1, i.e. without a cover on the bellows 9 side, the bellows 9 is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to the switching chamber 8 at the lower end, e.g. by gluing, clamping, soldering and / or welding. The opposite end of the bellows 9 is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to one side of the contact plate 5 of the movable contact piece 4, e.g. by gluing, clamping, soldering and / or welding. The opposite side of the contact plate 5 adjoins the contact gap when the vacuum interrupter 1 is in the switched-off state. Alternatively, the bellows 9 can be fastened to the contact bolt 6, in particular in the end region near the contact plate 5. The bellows 9 projects into the switching chamber 8 or is completely enclosed by it. The bellows 9 is thus at least partially spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber 8. Without ceramic segments 7 on the side of the movable contact piece 4 orWith a bellows 9, which is at least partially spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber 8, the movable contact piece 4 or its contact pin 6 can be made very short. The contact pin 6 of the movable contact piece 4 can be made with a minimal length, e.g., the gap width and / or the bellows length. A short contact pin 6 of the movable contact piece 4, in particular with a minimal length, has a low, in particular minimal, mass, thus enabling rapid switching with little force or energy expenditure, in particular minimal force or energy expenditure. This allows the use of cost-effective drives, in particular motors and / or spring-loaded drives, vacuum interrupters 1 with low material costs for contact pieces 4, and short switching times are enabled, in particular with low wear and low force and energy expenditure.

[0031] Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional side view of an arrangement 12 according to the invention with a vacuum interrupter 1 according to Figure 1. The arrangement 12 comprises at least one vacuum interrupter 1 as described above, which is arranged in a housing 13. The housing 13 is, for example, a dead tank or live tank housing, in particular made of metal, e.g., steel and / or aluminum. Alternatively, the housing 13 is a housing of an outdoor switch, e.g., made of an insulator, in particular of ceramic, silicone and / or a composite material. The outer surface of the housing 13 is, for example, ribbed, which is not shown in Figure 2 for the sake of simplicity, in order to lengthen electrical creepage paths. The housing 13 is, for example, filled with an insulating gas, in particular SF6, CO2, or a gas mixture, e.g., clean air, i.e., purified, dried air. The vacuum interrupter 1 and thus the arrangement 12, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker ora high-voltage circuit breaker system for switching, for example, voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV, have the previously described advantages of the vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention.

[0032] The previously described embodiments can be combined with one another and / or with the prior art. For example, ceramic segments 7 and / or metallic switching chambers 8 with a hollow cylindrical shape can be used, the base, cover, and / or cross-sectional area of ​​which is elliptical, oval, or another shape instead of circular. More than one fixed and / or movable contact piece 3, 4 can be used, e.g., a central fixed contact piece 3 with a contact plate 5 on each side of the contact pin 6, in particular arranged entirely within the vacuum interrupter 1, and with two movable contact pieces 4 on each side of the vacuum interrupter 1, each guided outward via the respective contact pin 6 via a bellows 9. The ceramic segment(s) 7 enclose(s) the contact pin 6 of the fixed contact piece 3.To the right and left of this, a switching chamber 8, in particular a metallic one, is arranged, which at least partially or completely encloses the bellows 9. Such a vacuum interrupter 1 is designed symmetrically with respect to the gap between the contact pieces 3 and 4 in the off state.

[0033] A bellows 9 is, for example, fastened to the contact pin 6 of the movable contact piece 4, and / or to the contact plate 5 of the movable contact piece 4, in particular substantially vertically in a flat region of the contact plate 5. Alternatively, the bellows 9 can, for example, be fastened to the outer circumference of the contact plate 5, in particular in a vacuum-tight manner. Alternatively, the bellows 9 can also be fastened between a contact pin 6 and contact plate 5, in particular in a vacuum-tight manner, e.g. clamped, glued, soldered and / or welded, e.g. if the contact plate 5 and the contact pin 6 are not made from one piece, but are connected to one another, e.g. by screwing, gluing, clamping, welding and / or soldering.

[0034] Ceramic segments 7 can be connected to one another via vapor shields 10, or only one ceramic segment 7 can be provided, wherein the vapor shields 10, the cover 11 and / or the metallic switching chamber or the metallic main shield 8 can have vapor deposition shields inside the vacuum interrupter 1. Instead of using a metallic cover 11, a ceramic segment 7 can be designed in the shape of a cover at least on one side, and the in particular fixed contact pin 6 or the contact pin 6 of the in particular fixed contact piece 3 can be guided into the vacuum interrupter 1 in a vacuum-tight manner via the cover-shaped ceramic segment 7, e.g. by soldering, sintering, gluing, and / or clamping. The cover 11 can also be made of a material such as plastic, PTFE, PCTFE and / or a semiconductor, or can comprise such a material.

[0035] The vacuum interrupter 1 can be electrically connected, in particular by components such as capacitors, resistors, coils, varistors, and / or arresters, e.g. along the outer circumference and the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter 1, directly on the casing 2 or at a distance from the casing 2 or in a separate housing, for controlling the vacuum interrupter 1. This allows a predetermined, in particular uniform, voltage drop along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter 1 in the switched-off state when voltage is applied. List of reference symbols

[0036] 1 vacuum interrupter

[0037] 2 Cover

[0038] 3 fixed contact piece

[0039] 4 movable contact piece

[0040] 5 contact plates

[0041] 6 contact bolts

[0042] 7 ceramic segment

[0043] 8 metallic switching chamber

[0044] 9 Bellows

[0045] 10 steam shield

[0046] 11 metallic lid

[0047] 12 Arrangement with vacuum interrupter

[0048] 13 Metal tank and / or insulator housing

[0049] 14 Insulating gas

Claims

Patent claims 1. Vacuum interrupter (1) for switching high voltages, with at least one casing (2) and with at least one fixed contact piece (3) which comprises a contact plate (5) and a contact pin (6), and with at least one movable contact piece (4) which comprises a contact plate (5) and a contact pin (6), wherein the at least one casing (2) comprises at least one ceramic segment (7) and a metallic switching chamber (8), and wherein the contact pin (6) of the at least one movable contact piece (4) is guided into the at least one casing (2) via at least one bellows (9), characterized in that the at least one bellows (9) is at least partially spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber (8).

2. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one bellows (9) is fastened to the contact plate (5) of the at least one movable contact piece (4).

3. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one bellows (9) is completely spatially enclosed by the metallic switching chamber (8).

4. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one ceramic segment (7) spatially surrounds the contact pin (6) of the at least one fixed contact piece (3), in particular that at least two or more ceramic segments (7) spatially surround the contact pin (6) of the at least one fixed contact piece (3).

5. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ceramic segments (7) are arranged exclusively on the side of the fixed contact piece (3) of the vacuum interrupter (1) and / or that the movable contact piece (4) is spatially enclosed exclusively by metallic parts of the casing (2), in particular by the at least one bellows (9) and the metallic switching chamber (8).

6. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic switching chamber (8) is sealed in a vacuum-tight manner on the side of the at least one movable contact piece (4) via the at least one bellows (9) and / or has a pot shape, through the pot base of which the at least one movable contact piece (4) is led out of the vacuum interrupter (1) via the at least one bellows (9).

7. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that metallic vapor shields (10) are included, in particular between ceramic segments (7) and / or between the at least one ceramic segment (7) and the metallic switching chamber (8), in particular which protrude from the casing (2).

8. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cover (11), in particular a metal cover, is included on the side of the at least one fixed contact piece (3), which closes the vacuum interrupter (1) in a vacuum-tight manner, in particular in a mechanical Connection with at least one ceramic segment (7).

9. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contact pieces (3, 4), in particular the contact plates (5) and / or the contact pin (6), are made of steel, copper and / or a copper-chromium alloy or comprise steel, copper and / or a copper-chromium alloy, and / or that the switching chamber mer (8) and / or the bellows (9) are made of steel or comprise steel.

10. Vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum interrupter (1) is designed to switch voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular in the range greater than or equal to 52 kV.

11. Arrangement (12) with vacuum interrupter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a metal tank and / or an insulator housing (13) is included, in which the vacuum interrupter (1) is arranged, in particular filled with clean air as insulating gas (14).

Images