Power saving in wireless communications

Abstract

The present disclosure is related to power saving in wireless communications. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a communication device adapted to operate in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving information for a list of measurement targets; determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network, wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; and performing a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

Description

POWER SAVING IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

[0001] The present disclosure is related to power saving in wireless communications.

[0002] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim to reduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand and improve coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequency band, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate power consumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

[0003] Work has started in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed for successfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgent market needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able to use any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be made available for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

[0004] The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usage scenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shall be inherently forward compatible.

[0005] In wireless communications, increased performance and a wide range of services can be supported. Further, operation in a wider range of frequency bands can be supported, especially with adaption to work in higher frequency bands, e.g., mm-wave bands, with a significantly reduced latency. For a communication device, operation in a wider bandwidth will give a higher achievable throughput. However, this is also more energy-consuming and can lead to shorter device battery life.

[0006] An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide method and apparatus for power saving in a wireless communication system.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a communication device adapted to operate in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving information for a list of measurement targets; determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network, wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; and performing a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a network node configured to operate in a wireless communication system comprises: transmitting, to a communication device, information for a list of measurement targets; and transmitting, to the communication device, information for each measurement target, wherein a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device are determined based on the information for each measurement target, wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power, and wherein a measurement on the first set of measurement targets is performed based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets is performed based on the second receiver.

[0009] According to various embodiments, apparatuses to implement the above methods are provided.

[0010] The present disclosure may have various advantageous effects.

[0011] For example, the communication device can save power consumed for measurement.

[0012] For example, the communication device can reduce scheduling constraints caused by measurement using a primary / main receiver.

[0013] For example, the communication device can focus on increasing measurement accuracy for more important measurement targets and reducing power consumption for less important measurement targets. This can achieve a balance between measurement accuracy and measurement power consumption.

[0014] Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and / or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0016] FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0017] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0018] FIGs. 4 and 5 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0019] FIG. 6 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0020] FIG. 7 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0021] FIG. 8 shows an example of WUR monitoring procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 9 shows an example of MR power state transmission triggered by LP-WUS / WUR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 10 shows an example of a mobility based on MR / LP-WUR RRM measurements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 11 shows an example of a method performed by a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 12 shows an example of a signal flow between a communication device and a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIGs. 13A to B show examples of a priority-threshold based measurement receiver selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIGs. 14A to C show examples of priority based receiver utilization ratio selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) system, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system, a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system, and a Multi Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in uplink (UL). Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, and / or 5G New Radio (NR).

[0029] For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0030] For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, the wireless communication standard documents published before the present disclosure may be referenced.

[0031] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0032] In the present disclosure, slash ( / ) or comma (,) may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C".

[0033] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as same as "at least one of A and B".

[0034] In addition, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B and C". In addition, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0035] Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when shown as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0036] Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0037] Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0038] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may refer to the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0039] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0040] The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and the technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1.

[0041] Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category of enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), (2) a category of massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and (3) a category of Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC).

[0042] Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, Base Stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300. Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system 1, the implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to the future communication system beyond the 5G system.

[0043] The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device may operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0044] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 100f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

[0045] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be called User Equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a Portable Multimedia Player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function, a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a device related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.

[0046] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) / Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0047] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless device 100a to 100f and BS 200 and / or between BSs 200. Herein, the wireless communication / connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication (or Device-to-Device (D2D) communication) 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100a to 100f and the BSs 200 / the wireless devices 100a to 100f may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b and 150c may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting / receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0048] NR supports multiples numerologies (and / or multiple Sub-Carrier Spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz, wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0049] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range, i.e., Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2). The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range", FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range," and may be referred to as millimeter Wave (mmW).

[0050] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0051] As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410MHz to 7125MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands may be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0052] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0053] Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and be called by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not be limited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate Personal Area Networks (PANs) associated with small / low-power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4 and may be called various names.FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0054] In FIG. 2, The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the BS 200}, {the wireless device 100a to 100f and the wireless device 100a to 100f} and / or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} of FIG. 1. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices / parts, and / or modules.

[0055] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 106, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 101, and / or one or more antennas 108.

[0056] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be placed outside of the processing chip 101.

[0057] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process information within the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0058] The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store a firmware and / or a software code 105 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0059] Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0060] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver 206, at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip 201, and / or one or more antennas 208.

[0061] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. Additional and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be placed outside of the processing chip 201.

[0062] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process information within the memory 204 to generate third information / signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0063] The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store a firmware and / or a software code 205 which implements codes, commands, and / or a set of commands that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or the software code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or more layers of the radio interface protocol.

[0064] Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0065] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs), one or more Service Data Unit (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0066] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an Application Processor (AP), an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), and a memory control processor.

[0067] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, register, cash memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and / or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0068] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0069] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0070] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at the carrier frequency. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202.

[0071] Although not shown in FIG. 2, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components. The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an Input / Output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies, such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0072] In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in Uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in Downlink (DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wireless device 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connected to, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0073] In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0074] FIG. 3 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 3, a UE 100 may correspond to the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 2.

[0076] A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, one or more antennas 108, a power management module 141, a battery 142, a display 143, a keypad 144, a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card 145, a speaker 146, and a microphone 147.

[0077] The processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logic circuit and / or data processing device. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of DSP, CPU, GPU, a modem (modulator and demodulator). An example of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGONTMseries of processors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOSTMseries of processors made by Samsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIOTMseries of processors made by MediaTek®, ATOMTMseries of processors made by Intel®or a corresponding next generation processor.

[0078] The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and / or other storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which case those can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means as is known in the art.

[0079] The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive a radio signal.

[0080] The power management module 141 manages power for the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0081] The display 143 outputs results processed by the processor 102. The keypad 144 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 144 may be shown on the display 143.

[0082] The SIM card 145 is an　integrated circuit　that is intended to　securely store the　International Mobile Subscriber Identity　(IMSI) number and its related　key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on　mobile telephony　devices (such as　mobile phones　and　computers). It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

[0083] The speaker 146 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 147 receives sound-related inputs to be used by the processor 102.

[0084] FIGs. 4 and 5 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0085] In particular, FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a radio interface user plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS and FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a radio interface control plane protocol stack between a UE and a BS. The control plane refers to a path through which control messages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. The user plane refers to a path through which data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transported. Referring to FIG. 4, the user plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (L1, for example PHY layer) and Layer 2 (L2, for example MAC / RLC / PDCP layer). Referring to FIG. 5, the control plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (L1, for example PHY layer), Layer 2 (L2, for example MAC / RLC / PDCP layer), Layer 3 (L3, for example an RRC layer), and a non-access stratum (NAS) layer. Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 are referred to as an access stratum (AS).

[0086] In the 3GPP LTE system, the Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, and PDCP. In the 3GPP NR system, the Layer 2 is split into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP. The PHY layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayer offers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers to the PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAP sublayer radio bearers. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5G core network quality of service (QoS) flows.

[0087] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing / de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into / from transport blocks (TB) delivered to / from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) (one HARQ entity per cell in case of carrier aggregation (CA)); priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling; priority handling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channel prioritization; padding. A single MAC entity may support multiple numerologies, transmission timings and cells. Mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritization control which numerology(ies), cell(s), and transmission timing(s) a logical channel can use.

[0088] Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC. To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types of logical channels are defined, i.e., each supporting transfer of a particular type of information. Each logical channel type is defined by what type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classified into two groups: control channels and traffic channels. Control channels are used for the transfer of control plane information only, and traffic channels are used for the transfer of user plane information only. Broadcast control channel (BCCH) is a downlink logical channel for broadcasting system control information, paging control channel (PCCH) is a downlink logical channel that transfers paging information, system information change notifications and indications of ongoing public warning service (PWS) broadcasts, common control channel (CCCH) is a logical channel for transmitting control information between UEs and network and used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network, and dedicated control channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bi-directional logical channel that transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network and used by UEs having an RRC connection. Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point logical channel, dedicated to one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in both uplink and downlink. In downlink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: BCCH can be mapped to broadcast channel (BCH); BCCH can be mapped to downlink shared channel (DL-SCH); PCCH can be mapped to paging channel (PCH); CCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to DL-SCH. In uplink, the following connections between logical channels and transport channels exist: CCCH can be mapped to uplink shared channel (UL-SCH); DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped to UL-SCH.

[0089] The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged node (AM). The RLC configuration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or transmission durations. In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode and include: transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent of the one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only); segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs; reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDU discard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; protocol error detection (AM only).

[0090] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include: sequence numbering; header compression and decompression using robust header compression (ROHC); transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission of PDCP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDU discard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; PDCP status reporting for RLC AM; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers.

[0091] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of SDAP include: mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session.

[0092] In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RRC sublayer include: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by 5GC or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and NG-RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs); mobility functions (including: handover and context transfer, UE cell selection and reselection and control of cell selection and reselection, inter-RAT mobility); QoS management functions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure; NAS message transfer to / from NAS from / to UE.

[0093] FIG. 6 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communication system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0094] The frame structure shown in FIG. 6 is purely exemplary and the number of subframes, the number of slots, and / or the number of symbols in a frame may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmission time interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE is configured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., a subframe, a slot, or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different among the aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0095] Referring to FIG. 6, downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames. Each frame has Tf= 10ms duration. Each frame is divided into two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5ms duration. Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration Tsfper subframe is 1ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number of slots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes 14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP, each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slot includes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentially scalable subcarrier spacing βf = 2u*15 kHz.

[0096] Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frameNframe,uslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,uslotfor the normal CP, according to the subcarrier spacing βf = 2u*15 kHz.

[0097] uNslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslot01410111420221440431480841416016

[0098] Table 4 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot Nslotsymb, the number of slots per frameNframe,uslot, and the number of slots per subframe Nsubframe,uslotfor the extended CP, according to the subcarrier spacing βf = 2u*15 kHz.

[0099] uNslotsymbNframe,uslotNsubframe,uslot212404

[0100] A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the time domain. For each numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, a resource grid ofNsize,ugrid,x*NRBscsubcarriers andNsubframe,usymbOFDM symbols is defined, starting at common resource block (CRB)Nstart,ugridindicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling), whereNsize,ugrid,xis the number of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript x is DL for downlink and UL for uplink.NRBscis the number of subcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system,NRBscis 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a given antenna portp, subcarrier spacing configurationu, and transmission direction (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidthNsize,ugridfor subcarrier spacing configurationuis given by the higher-layer parameter (e.g., RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid for the antenna portpand the subcarrier spacing configurationuis referred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may be mapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identified by an indexkin the frequency domain and an indexlrepresenting a symbol location relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system, an RB is defined by 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. As shown in FIG. 6, as SCS doubles, the slot length and symbol length are halved. For example, when SCS is 15kHz, the slot length is 1ms, which is the same as the subframe length. When SCS is 30kHz, the slot length is 0.5ms (=500us), and the symbol length is half of that when the SCS is 15kHz. When SCS is 60kHz, the slot length is 0.25ms (=250us), and the symbol length is half of that when the SCS is 30kHz. When SCS is 120kHz, the slot length is 0.125ms (=125us), and the symbol length is half of that when the SCS is 60kHz. When SCS is 240kHz, the slot length is 0.0625ms (=62.5us), and the symbol length is half of that when the SCS is 120kHz.

[0101] In the 3GPP NR system, RBs are classified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs are numbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrier spacing configurationu. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 for subcarrier spacing configurationucoincides with 'point A' which serves as a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPP NR system, PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from 0 toNsizeBWP,i-1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part. The relation between the physical resource block nPRBin the bandwidth part i and the common resource block nCRBis as follows: nPRB= nCRB+NsizeBWP,i, whereNsizeBWP,iis the common resource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. The BWP includes a plurality of consecutive RBs. A carrier may include a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on a given component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UE can active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operating bandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth.

[0102] In the present disclosure, the term "cell" may refer to a geographic area to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or refer to radio resources. A "cell" as a geographic area may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a "cell" as radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) is associated with bandwidth which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The "cell" associated with the radio resources is defined by a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. The cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the "cell" of radio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term "cell" may be used to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radio resources at other times, or a range that signals using the radio resources can reach with valid strength at other times.

[0103] In CA, two or more CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured, the UE only has one RRC connection with the network. At RRC connection establishment / re-establishment / handover, one serving cell provides the NAS mobility information, and at RRC connection re-establishment / handover, one serving cell provides the security input. This cell is referred to as the primary cell (PCell). The PCell is a cell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE either performs the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates the connection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities, secondary cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with the PCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additional radio resources on top of special cell (SpCell). The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one or more SCells. For dual connectivity (DC) operation, the term SpCell refers to the PCell of the master cell group (MCG) or the primary SCell (PSCell) of the secondary cell group (SCG). An SpCell supports PUCCH transmission and contention-based random access, and is always activated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a master node, comprised of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells. The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node, comprised of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configured with DC. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA / DC, there is only one serving cell comprised of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED configured with CA / DC, the term "serving cells" is used to denote the set of cells comprised of the SpCell(s) and all SCells. In DC, two MAC entities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG.

[0104] FIG. 7 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

[0105] Referring to FIG. 7, "RB" denotes a radio bearer, and "H" denotes a header. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: DRBs for user plane data and SRBs for control plane data. The MAC PDU is transmitted / received using radio resources through the PHY layer to / from an external device. The MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form of a transport block.

[0106] In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and random access channel (RACH) are mapped to their physical channels physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and physical random access channel (PRACH), respectively, and the downlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, uplink control information (UCI) is mapped to physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and downlink control information (DCI) is mapped to physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted by a UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCH is transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.

[0107] Hereinafter, contents regarding measurements are described.

[0108] Measurements to be performed by a UE for connected mode mobility are classified in at least four measurement types:

[0109] - 　Intra-frequency NR;

[0110] - 　Inter-frequency NR;

[0111] - 　Inter-RAT measurements for E-UTRA; and

[0112] - 　Inter-RAT measurements for UTRA.

[0113] For each measurement type, one or several measurement targets / objects can be defined (a measurement target / object defines e.g., the carrier frequency to be monitored).

[0114] For each measurement target / object, one or several reporting configurations can be defined (a reporting configuration defines the reporting criteria). Three reporting criteria are used: event triggered reporting, periodic reporting and event triggered periodic reporting.

[0115] The association between a measurement target / object and a reporting configuration is created by a measurement identity (a measurement identity links together one measurement target / object and one reporting configuration of the same RAT). By using several measurement identities (one for each measurement target / object, reporting configuration pair) it is then possible to:

[0116] - 　Associate several reporting configurations to one measurement object; and

[0117] - 　Associate one reporting configuration to several measurement objects.

[0118] The measurements identity is used as well when reporting results of the measurements.

[0119] Measurement quantities are considered separately for each RAT.

[0120] Measurement commands are used by a base station to order the UE to start, modify or stop measurements.

[0121] In RRC_CONNECTED, the UE measures multiple beams of at least one cell and the measurements results (power values) are averaged to derive the cell quality. In doing so, the UE is configured to consider a subset of the detected beams. Filtering takes place at two different levels: at the physical layer to derive beam quality and then at RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality from beam measurements is derived in the same way for the serving cell(s) and for the non-serving cell(s). Measurement reports may contain the measurement results of the N best beams if the UE is configured to do so by the base station.

[0122] Measurement reports are characterized by the following:

[0123] - 　Measurement reports include the measurement identity of the associated measurement configuration that triggered the reporting;

[0124] - 　Cell and beam measurement quantities to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network;

[0125] - 　The number of non-serving cells to be reported can be limited through configuration by the network;

[0126] - 　Cells belonging to an exclude-list configured by the network are not used in event evaluation and reporting, and conversely when an allow-list is configured by the network, only the cells belonging to the allow-list are used in event evaluation and reporting; and

[0127] - Beam measurements to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network (beam identifier only, measurement result and beam identifier, or no beam reporting).

[0128] Intra-frequency neighbour (cell) measurements and inter-frequency neighbour (cell) measurements are defined as follows:

[0129] - 　SSB based intra-frequency measurement: a measurement is defined as an SSB based intra-frequency measurement provided the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbour cell are the same, and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is also the same;

[0130] - 　SSB based inter-frequency measurement: a measurement is defined as an SSB based inter-frequency measurement provided the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbour cell are different, or the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is different;

[0131] For SSB based measurements, one measurement target / object corresponds to one SSB and the UE considers different SSBs as different cells.

[0132] If a UE is configured to perform serving cell measurements based on a non-cell defining SSB (NCD-SSB) configured in its active BWP, this NCD-SSB is considered as the SSB of the serving cell in the definition of intra- frequency and inter-frequency measurements as above.

[0133] - 　CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement: a measurement is defined as a CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement provided that i) the subcarrier spacing of CSI-RS resources on the neighbour cell configured for measurement is the same as the SCS of CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement, ii) for 60kHz subcarrier spacing, the CP type of CSI-RS resources on the neighbour cell configured for measurement is the same as the CP type of CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement, and iii) the center frequency of CSI-RS resources on the neighbour cell configured for measurement is the same as the center frequency of CSI-RS resource on the serving cell indicated for measurement; and

[0134] -　CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurement: a measurement is defined as a CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurement if it is not a CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement.

[0135] Whether a measurement is non-gap-assisted or gap-assisted depends on the capability of the UE, the active BWP of the UE and the current operating frequency:

[0136] - 　for SSB based inter-frequency measurement, if the measurement gap requirement information is reported by the UE, a measurement gap configuration may be provided according to the information. Otherwise, a measurement gap configuration is always provided in the following cases: i) if the UE only supports per-UE measurement gaps; and / or ii) if the UE supports per-FR measurement gaps and any of the serving cells are in the same frequency range of the measurement object.

[0137] - 　For SSB based intra-frequency measurement, if the measurement gap requirement information is reported by the UE, a measurement gap configuration may be provided according to the information. Otherwise, a measurement gap configuration is always provided if, other than the initial BWP, any of the UE configured BWPs do not contain the frequency domain resources of the SSB associated to the initial DL BWP, and are not configured with NCD-SSB for serving cell measurement.

[0138] In non-gap-assisted scenarios, the UE shall be able to carry out such measurements without measurement gaps. In gap- assisted scenarios, the UE cannot be assumed to be able to carry out such measurements without measurement gaps.

[0139] Network may request the UE to measure NR and / or E-UTRA carriers in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE via system information or via dedicated measurement configuration inRRCRelease. If the UE was configured to perform measurements of NR and / or E-UTRA carriers while in RRC_IDLE or in RRC_INACTIVE, it may provide an indication of the availability of corresponding measurement results to the base station in theRRCSetupCompletemessage. The network may request the UE to report those measurements after security activation. The request for the measurements can be sent by the network immediately after transmitting the Security Mode Command (i.e., before the reception of the Security Mode Complete from the UE).

[0140] If the UE was configured to perform measurements of NR and / or E-UTRA carriers while in RRC_INACTIVE, the base station can request the UE to provide corresponding measurement results in theRRCResumemessage and then the UE can include the available measurement results in theRRCResumeCompletemessage. Alternatively, the UE may provide an indication of the availability of the measurement results to the base station in theRRCResumeCompletemessage and the gNB can then request the UE to provide these measurement results.

[0141] Hereinafter, contents regarding low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) and low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUS) are described.

[0142] In wireless communications, increased performance and a wide range of services (e.g., ultra-reliable low-latency communications, URLLC) can be supported. For example, it is adopted a leaner signaling design, which limits the control overhead signaling in an unloaded network thus reducing the network energy consumption. Further, operation in a wider range of frequency bands can be supported, especially with adaption to work in higher frequency bands, e.g., mm-wave bands, with a significantly reduced latency. For a device, or user equipment (UE), operation in a wider bandwidth will give a higher achievable throughput. However, this is also more energy-consuming for the UE and can lead to shorter device battery life.

[0143] Several features have been introduced to reduce the device energy consumption and prolong battery life, e.g., bandwidth part (BWP) switching, monitoring of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a narrower so-called control resource set (CORESET), and disabling secondary cells when not used. In general, monitoring PDCCH is the main contributor to the UE energy consumption, and reducing the PDCCH monitoring for the UE, in the time or frequency domain, is the key factor to achieving longer device battery life. To reduce the PDCCH monitoring time, a sequence-based wake-up signal (WUS, or low-power WUS (LP-WUS)) was introduced for low-power wide-area (LPWA) solutions narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). With this solution, the UE in the radio resource control (RRC) idle state only monitors the paging occasion (PO) if a WUS is first detected within a configured time offset before the PO. For these LPWA solutions, 20 dB coverage enhancement was introduced, mainly achieved by time repetition. The main motivation for the introduction of WUS was to reduce the monitoring time of the large number of PDCCH repetitions in the PO required for UEs in poor coverage in the case when there is no paging for the UE (which is most often the case).

[0144] To reduce the false paging, i.e., that the UE is unintentionally woken up by paging for another UE sharing the same PO, group WUS (GWUS) to include UE subgroups using multiple WUS sequences is introduced. According to GWUS, up to 8 UE subgroups per PO are supported. For RRC connected state, a downlink control information (DCI)-based WUS, referred to as DCP, was introduced. According to DCP, UE may perform a discontinuous reception (DRX) operation such that the UE only monitors PDCCH in the configured DRX on-duration window if first a PDCCH-based WUS is received within a fixed time offset before the DRX on-duration. If it is not, the UE can skip the entire on-duration and will thereby reduce the energy consumption. Further, paging early indication (PEI) was introduced. PEI is a WUS feature for RRC Idle and Inactive where the UE only wakes up to monitor PDCCH in the PO if the PDCCH-based WUS associated to the PO and monitored a time offset before the PO is received first. For PEI, UE subgrouping of up to 8 subgroups per PO was introduced and indicated by bits in the DCI.

[0145] DCP for RRC connected and PEI for RRC idle / inactive were mainly intended for mobile broadband (MBB) use cases and human-originated traffic. For WUS in general, the biggest gain can be achieved when relatively low downlink latency needs to be achieved while there is rarely anything to transmit to the UE. That is, if battery life is the only relevant performance metric, the UE can spend most of the time in a sleep state, e.g., using the extended DRX (eDRX) or Mobile Initiated Communication Only (MICO) features, yet, the drawback is that the downlink latency can be several hours long. Therefore, the benefit of WUS is that the UE power saving can be achieved without compromising the latency.

[0146] The UE power saving gain is primarily achieved by keeping the main receiver / main radio (MR) in a sleep state to conserve energy. If the MR does not have to be started every time the UE monitors WUS but can be kept in a sleep state, large UE power saving can be achieved compared to DRX / eDRX. Gains will therefore be bigger for more infrequent data transmissions, or less active traffic models, which is typically the case for IoT services, as opposed to the previous DCP and PEI features which are more focused on more active MBB use cases. To this end, a separate wake-up receiver (WUR, or low-power WUR (LP-WUR)) must be used.

[0147] I. WUR architecture

[0148] Among different receiver architectures, two common WUR architectures are: the direct demodulation approach, also known as radio frequency (RF) envelope detector (ED), and the on-chip local oscillator (LO) approach. The first type of architecture is characterized by low complexity, low cost, and extremely low energy consumption since no active RF circuits are typically used. In contrast, the second type of architecture requires more complex components, like on-chip local oscillators that down-convert the incoming RF signal to baseband (BB) or intermediate frequency (IF). This results in higher energy consumption relative to the ED, but the architecture can offer better sensitivity and robustness to interferers thanks to the possibility of implementing sharp BB / IF filters. In the on-chip LO Zero-IF architecture, also known as a homodyne receiver, the incoming RF signal is directly down-converted to BB.

[0149] Another candidate WUR architecture may be the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) WUR architecture. Even though an OFDM-capable architecture is more complex and more power-hungry than the simpler Zero IF architecture described above, it can bring some advantages. For instance, such WUR would be capable of in-phase and quadrature (I / Q) sampling and measurements from existing NR signals, thus allowing less frequent wake-up of the MR, which significantly can reduce the energy consumption.

[0150] II. WUS design

[0151] To ensure that the WUR can detect the WUS and perform necessary functionalities, the signal design needs to consider the receiver architecture, performance requirements as well as network and coexistence impacts. The key design principles are as follows: 1) it should be possible to multiplex the WUS with other transmissions in time or frequency domain without causing interference and 2) it should be possible to generate the WUS with the hardware of the base station (e.g., gNB) transmitter without creating new emissions / compliance requirements. The signal design involves determining a suitable modulation and coding scheme, signal structure, payload, and time-frequency span of the signal. Regarding the WUS bandwidth, it is recommended a bandwidth less than or equal to 5 MHz for idle / inactive mode although other bandwidth sizes up to 20 MHz can be considered. Also, for multiplexing with other signals and channels, it is beneficial if WUS has a flexible frequency position such that it can be flexibly allocated within a carrier.

[0152] In terms of modulation, the two main candidates for WUS are OFDM-based WUS and on-off keying (OOK)-based WUS.

[0153] (1) OFDM-based WUS

[0154] The OFDM-based signal structure can be reused for transmitting WUS with a minimum or no impact on the base station (i.e., gNB transmitter) for the waveform generation. For example, the secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and other reference signals along with sequences, such as m-sequence and Zadoff-Chu sequence, can be reused for transmitting WUS. Such sequences have　good　autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, making it possible to perform correlation-based detection both in the time and frequency domain with a desirable detection performance. The receiver architecture corresponding to OFDM-based WUS needs to be able to process I / Q samples and extract phase information of the received signal, leading to additional capabilities and enhanced detection performance. The OFDM-based WUR / WUS has the following benefits: 1) compared to OOK-based WUS, the OFDM waveform can reach a target coverage with lower resource consumption, 2) the WUR capable of receiving OFDM waveform can reuse synchronization signals to perform radio resource management (RRM) measurement and synchronization, thus avoiding the introduction of a new always-on synchronization signal, and 3) minimum impact on the base station for generating WUS in coexistence with other transmissions.

[0155] (2) OOK-based WUS

[0156] OOK waveform is a special form of amplitude-shift keying where the information is carried through a sequence of ON (i.e., high power level) and OFF (i.e., low power level) signals. An OOK waveform is attractive for low power and low complexity receivers as it can be detected with an envelope detector in the time domain without the need for power-hungry components such as an accurate oscillator and PLL. While the OOK WUS provides power saving benefits for the WUR, it has less coverage compared to OFDM-based signals for the same resource overhead. Consequently, to reach a target coverage, the system overhead in terms of time-frequency resource consumption is higher than for an OFDM-based WUS. Another consideration is that the OOK waveform needs to be generated using the base stations while ensuring efficient coexistence with OFDM-based transmissions. The two main variants of the OOK waveform generated by an OFDM transmitter are as follows:

[0157] - Single-bit OOK: within one OFDM symbol, only one ON / OFF OOK segment is transmitted. OOK WUS can be generated by transmitting one bit (0 or 1) per OFDM symbol. In this case, to generate "1" WUS subcarriers have non-zero power (e.g., random QAM symbols) while "0" is generated by having zero-power WUS subcarriers. Single-bit OOK generation of ON / OFF signal is straightforward with minimum impact on the OFDM transmitter.

[0158] - Multi-bit OOK: to increase the data rate, multiple ON / OFF OOK segments are transmitted within one OFDM symbol. Specifically, the OFDM transmitter should generate a time domain signal that is close to a desired OOK waveform. To ensure a minimum impact on the transmitter and avoid inter-subcarrier interference, the inputs to the inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) in the frequency domain need to be determined such that the output of the IFFT (in the time domain) represents a desired time domain signal. Compared to single-bit OOK, the generation of the multi-bit OOK waveform is not as straightforward at the base station. Nonetheless, the complexity of waveform generation can be reduced by pre-storing the generated frequency domain samples which are mapped to the WUS sub-carrier segment of IFFT at the base station. Additionally, mapping the generated frequency domain values (before IFFT) to sequences / QAM modulations is beneficial for implementation and it reduces the impact on the base station.

[0159] In addition, a harmonized design based on both OOK and OFDM WUS can be considered where the signal can be received by OOK-based WUR and OFDM-based WUR. In this case, OFDM sequences can be additionally modulated on top of the OOK waveform to carry information and provide benefits for devices supporting OFDM-based WUR.

[0160] III. Measurement using MR and / or LP-WUR

[0161] The WUR power saving benefit comes from keeping the MR in a sleep state and turning off the most power-hungry components in the UE. Therefore, a time offset or gap between the UE detection of the WUS and the resumption of UE procedures is required to cater to the start-up time of the MR. In idle / inactive mode, this would typically be before the PO in which the UE monitors downlink control information on PDCCH to see if there is incoming data for the UE. An illustration of WUR monitoring procedure is presented in FIG. 8.

[0162] FIG. 8 shows an example of WUR monitoring procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0163] Referring to FIG. 8, UE equipped with MR and LP-WUR may monitor WUS in WUS occasions (e.g., configured time offset before POs) using the LP-WUR. The LP-WUR may be in active mode / state in the WUS occasions, while the LP-WUR may be in deep sleep mode / state in other durations.

[0164] When the UE detects WUS in a WUS occasion using the LP-WUR, the UE may monitor PDCCH in the associated PO using the MR. The MR may be in active mode / state in the PO associated to the WUS occasion in which the WUS is detected, while the MR may be in an ultra-deep sleep mode / state in other durations.

[0165] MR power state transmission may be triggered by LP-WUS / WUR, as shown in FIG. 9.

[0166] FIG. 9 shows an example of MR power state transmission triggered by LP-WUS / WUR according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0167] Referring to FIG. 9, when no LP-WUS is detected by LP-WUR (simply denoted as LR), the MR may be in an ultra-deep sleep mode / state. When LP-WUS is detected by the LP-WUR after some time, the LP-WUR may trigger the MR to be in an active mode / state. That is, MR power state transition from the ultra-deep sleep mode / state to the active mode / state may be triggered by the LP-WUR detecting the LP-WUS.

[0168] Below table 5 shows a power model used for ultra-deep sleep power state for MR:

[0169] Power StateRelative Power (unit)Ramp-up and down transition energy (Note1):(unit multiplied by ms)Ramp-up timeTime for sync / re-syncUltra-deep sleep[0.015]For evaluation, at least for FR1 MR ultra-deep sleep state, (Ramp-up and down transition energy, ramp-up time) may be (15000, 400ms) or (40000, 800ms).For MR, at least for FR1 evaluation,- Number of SSBs for sync / re-sync for MR is up to 10

[0170] In table 5:- Ramp-up time may consist of the procedure for [main radio hardware tune on e.g., boot, memory load];

[0171] - Time for sync / re-sync consists of the procedure for [main radio to re-synchronization with the serving base station];

[0172] - Ramp up and down energy includes power for ramp-up and ramp-down. Energy consumption for sync / re-sync is separately calculated; and

[0173] - The total time for main radio transition from ultra-deep sleep to active / micro sleep state is the sum of ramp-up time and time for sync / re-sync.

[0174] Below table 6 shows a power model for LP-WUR:

[0175] Power StateRelative Power (unit)Additional transition energy:(unit multiplied by ms)Ramp-up timeTLR, ramp-up(ms)Off0.001[TLR, ramp-up*(PON-POFF) / 2]This assumes the power consumption during the transition time is sum of additional transition energy and LP-WUR OFF energy.Time required for LP-WUR hardware tune on e.g., boot, memory loadOn0.01 / 0.05 / 0.1 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 / 4

[0176] In table 6:- a unit of power is defined to be the same for MR and LP-WUR;

[0177] - For LP-WUR 'on' state, more than one values within the above range may be used for evaluation (e.g., for a single LP-WUR architecture);

[0178] - 'off' state refers to a state in which the LP-WUR does not perform monitoring LP-WUS; and

[0179] - 'on' state refers to a state in which the LP-WUR performs monitoring LP-WUS.

[0180] In the connected mode, the WUS monitoring occasion could be before the DRX on-duration in which the UE monitors PDCCH, or a new separate PDCCH monitoring could be defined for WUR operation. The difference between the two is minor but in general, means a different duty or DRX cycle length and PDCCH monitoring window can be applied for WUR operation, i.e., not dictated by legacy DRX configuration. A short WUR duty-cycle length is beneficial for WUR since it reduces the downlink latency while UE energy consumption can still be kept very low since MR is in a sleep state. If the WUS monitoring occasions are not tied to a legacy procedure, the WUR duty-cycle could be configured freely or WUR operation could even be continuous in time. In this case, the WUR is not switching between active and sleep modes but constantly remains in the active mode. Therefore, due to the higher rate of WUS false alarms, the continuous WUR operation will have a higher energy consumption than duty-cycled WUR operation. The potential benefit of continuous WUR is shorter downlink latency, but this is only the case in practice if the procedure triggered by WUS detection is not restricted to a certain periodicity and hence determines the latency. For example, in idle the latency will be dictated by the periodicity of the physical random access resources.

[0181] Meanwhile, UE may be equipped with a primary / main receiver and a secondary receiver (e.g., low-power receiver / LP-WUR). The low-power receiver can be used to receive a specific signal (e.g., narrow band signal) and / or to perform measurement of a signal quality.

[0182] Power consumption required to obtain measurement results via the secondary receiver may be relatively lower than a power consumption required to obtain normal measurement results via the primary / main receiver. However, accuracy of the measurement results obtained by the secondary receiver (i.e., low-power receiver) may be worse than those obtained by the primary / main receiver, due to, e.g., smaller bandwidth spanning the measured signals and / or sparsity of the measured signals and / or shorter measurement duration, compared to measurements performed by the primary / main receiver.

[0183] The measurement results may be used for mobility purpose. For example, the measurement results may be used to determine a suitable mobility candidate. The measurement results may be used for radio resource management (RRM) purpose, such as carrier aggregation and / or multi-connectivity configuration. For example, the measurement results may be used to determine whether to add SCell or remove configured SCell.

[0184] FIG. 10 shows an example of a mobility based on MR / LP-WUR RRM measurements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0185] Referring to FIG. 10, UE in RRC idle / inactive / connected may receive LP-SS and / or LP-WUS from at least one of a source base station or a target base station, through LP-WUR. For example, UE may monitor LP-WUS monitoring window (or, WUS occasion), and receive LP-WUS in the LP-WUS monitoring window. The LP-WUS may be UE-group specific and / or OOK based signal.

[0186] UE may perform an RRM measurement based on the LP-SS and / or LP-WUS received through the LP-WUR. That is, UE may perform LP-WUR RRM measurement. The UE may also perform MR RRM measurement, and perform a mobility from the source base station to the target base station based on the LP-WUR RRM measurement and / or the MR RRM measurement.

[0187] Among multiple measurement targets (or more generally measurement resources), a certain measurement target / resource may be considered more important than others. For example, frequencies may have priority in terms of measurements.

[0188] If UE extensively uses the primary / main receiver for most of the measurement targets, UE may achieve higher measurement accuracy but consume more energy and / or lose more scheduling opportunities, compared to the opposite utilization strategy where UE extensively uses the secondary receiver for most of the measurement targets, and vice versa. To best utilize the primary / main receiver and the secondary receiver in terms of UE power saving and / or fulfilling required measurement accuracy, measurement method for UE equipped with the primary / main receiver and the secondary receiver (i.e., low-power receiver) needs to be considered.

[0189] Therefore, the present disclosure provided various embodiments for performing measurements based on a primary / main receiver and / or a low-power receiver.

[0190] FIG. 11 shows an example of a method performed by a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may also be performed by a wireless device / UE.

[0191] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1101, the communication device may receive information for a list of measurement targets.

[0192] In step S1103, the communication device may determine a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network. The first receiver may perform a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power.

[0193] In step S1105, the communication device may perform a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

[0194] According to various embodiments, the second receiver may be related to one or more characteristics comprising at least one of: a smaller bandwidth compared to that related to the first receiver; a sparser measurement occasion compared to that related to the first receiver; or a shorter measurement duration compared to that related to the first receiver.

[0195] According to various embodiments, the communication device may monitor a WUS (e.g., LP-WUS) during a WUS occasion based on the second receiver. The communication device may trigger the first receiver to be in an active state based on detecting the WUS. The communication device may monitor a downlink control channel based on the first receiver.

[0196] According to various embodiments, the first receiver may be in an active state during a first time period for at least one of monitoring the downlink control channel or performing related communications, and in an ultra-deep sleep state during a second time period other than the first time period. The second receiver may be in an active state during the WUS occasion, and in a deep sleep state during a time period other than the WUS occasion.

[0197] According to various embodiments, the first receiver may comprise an MR. The second receiver may comprise an LP-WUS.

[0198] According to various embodiments, the information for each measurement target may comprise a corresponding priority of each measurement target.

[0199] According to various embodiments, the first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the first receiver may comprise measurement targets whose priority is higher than a first threshold. The second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the second receiver may comprise measurement targets whose priority is lower than a second threshold.

[0200] According to various embodiments, the first threshold may be same as the second threshold, or different from the second threshold.

[0201] According to various embodiments, the information for each measurement target may indicate at least one of the first set of measurement targets or the second set of measurement targets in the list.According to various embodiments, a number of measurement occasions in which the first set of measurement targets is measured based on the first receiver may be greater than a number of measurement occasions in which the second set of measurement targets are measured based on the second receiver.

[0202] According to various embodiments, the communication device may perform a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver in first measurement occasions. The communication device may skip a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver in second measurement occasions.

[0203] According to various embodiments, the first set of measurement targets may be measured based on the second receiver in the second measurement occasions, while performing or pre-empting a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver in the second measurement occasions.

[0204] According to various embodiments, the communication device may transmit a measurement report comprising a measurement result of a measurement target, and information for a receiver among the first receiver and the second receiver used for measuring the measurement target.

[0205] FIG. 12 shows an example of a signal flow between a communication device and a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network node may comprise a base station (BS).

[0206] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1201, the network node may transmit, to the communication device, information for a list of measurement targets.

[0207] In step S1203, the network node may transmit, to the communication device, information for each measurement target.

[0208] In step S1205, the communication device may determine a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device based on the information for each measurement target. The first receiver may perform a measurement with a first power and the second receiver may perform a measurement with a second power lower than the first power

[0209] In step S1207, the communication device may perform a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

[0210] Hereinafter, detailed implementations for performing measurements based on a primary / main receiver and / or a secondary receiver are described.

[0211] UE may be equipped with a primary / main receiver (e.g., MR) and a secondary receiver (e.g., LP-WUR). The secondary receiver may be a low-power receiver in a sense that the secondary receiver consumes relatively lower operating energy / power in receiving signal, compared to the primary / main receiver.

[0212] UE may be configured with one or multiple measurement targets. For each measurement target, one or more measurement resources may be configured. The measurement target may be a frequency to measure. The measurement target may be a cell to measure.

[0213] For the measurement targets, corresponding priority may be assigned so that relative priority of the measurement targets can be determined. Network may configure the priorities of the measurement targets. UE may determine a priority of each measurement target among the configured measurement targets based on a role of the corresponding measurement target.

[0214] For measurement of a measurement target with higher priority and a measurement target with lower priority:

[0215] - Utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver for the measurement target with higher priority is in general higher than that for the measurement target with lower priority. This may allow measurement accuracy to be better fulfilled for the measurement target with higher priority.

[0216] - Utilization ratio of the secondary receiver for the measurement target with lower priority is in general higher than that for the measurement target with higher priority. This may allow power saving to be better fulfilled for the measurement target with lower priority.

[0217] According to various embodiments, utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver may be formulated as (the number of measurement targets measured using the primary / main receiver) / (the total number of measurement targets). Utilization ratio of the secondary receiver may be formulated as (the number of measurement targets measured using the secondary receiver) / (the total number of measurement targets).

[0218] According to various embodiments, utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver may be formulated as (the number of measurement occasions in which measurement using the primary / main receiver is performed) / (the total number of measurement occasions). Utilization ratio of the secondary receiver may be formulated as (the number of measurement occasions in which measurement using the secondary receiver is performed) / (the total number of measurement occasions).

[0219] When UE reports measurement results of the measurement target, UE may include information indicating whether the measurement results are obtained by the primary / main receiver or the secondary receiver and / or information for a receiver among the primary / main receiver and the secondary receiver used for measuring the measurement target.

[0220] According to various embodiments, measurement receiver may be selected based on priority threshold, and / or receiver utilization ratio may be selected based on priority.

[0221] I. Priority-threshold based measurement receiver selection

[0222] In some implementations, if a priority of a measurement target is higher than a first threshold or the measurement target is considered to be of high priority, UE may use the primary / main receiver for measurements of the measurement target.

[0223] In some implementations, if a priority of a measurement target is lower than a second threshold or the measurement target is considered to be of low priority, UE may use the secondary receiver for measurements of the measurement target.

[0224] In some implementations, if a priority of a measurement target equals to the first threshold or the second threshold, UE may use the primary / main receiver or the secondary receiver for measurements of the measurement target.

[0225] For example, the first threshold may be the same as the second threshold. For another example, the first threshold may be different from the second threshold.

[0226] FIGs. 13A to B show examples of a priority-threshold based measurement receiver selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIGs. 13A to B, it is assumed that UE needs to measure 4 frequencies, where frequency 1 (i.e., f1) and 2 (i.e., f2) are high priority frequency and frequency 3 (i.e., f3) and 4 (i.e., f4) are low priority frequency.

[0227] Referring to FIG. 13A, UE uses a primary / main receiver only for a measurement. Therefore, utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver is 1 or 100%. In order to fulfil measurement accuracy for the measurement by the primary / main receiver, measurement of the same frequency is assumed to be periodic or semi-periodic, i.e., the measurement interval for the same measurement frequency is rather static.

[0228] Referring to FIG. 13B, UE uses both a primary / main receiver and a secondary receiver in receiver selection per frequency for a measurement. UE uses the primary / main receiver for measuring f1 and f2, but uses the secondary receiver for measuring f3 and f4. Therefore, utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver is 0.5 or 50%.

[0229] Compared to FIG. 13A, utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver is reduced to half in FIG. 13B, with utilization of the secondary receiver. Provided that required power consumption in each measurement occasion with the secondary receiver is smaller compared to that with the primary / main receiver, the overall UE power consumption required to perform measurement with both primary / main receiver and secondary receiver may be smaller, compared to that with the primary / main receiver only. Measurement accuracy of the high priority frequencies may not be scarified for high priority frequencies.

[0230] II. Priority based receiver utilization ratio selection

[0231] In some implementations, regarding the utilization of the primary / main receiver, UE may perform measurements such that the utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver for measurement of higher priority measurement targets is higher (or at least not lower) than that for measurement of lower priority measurement targets. Regarding the utilization of the secondary receiver, UE may perform measurements such that the utilization ratio of the secondary receiver for measurement of lower priority measurement targets is higher (or at least not lower) than that for measurement of higher priority measurement targets.

[0232] FIGs. 14A to C show examples of priority based receiver utilization ratio selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIGs. 14A to C, it is assumed that UE needs to measure 4 frequencies, where frequency 1 (i.e., f1) and 2 (i.e., f2) are high priority frequency and frequency 3 (i.e., f3) and 4 (i.e., f4) are low priority frequency.

[0233] Referring to FIG. 14A, for measuring f1, UE uses {M, M, S} pattern in applicable measurement occasion sequences, where M means performing measurement and S means skipping measurement. That is, if UE performs measurement on f1 using the primary / main receiver in two measurements occasions (consecutive or non-consecutive) applicable for f1, the UE may skip performing measurement on f1 using the primary / main receiver in next one measurement occasion applicable for f1. For example, at T_ID1 and at T_ID3, UE may measure f1 using the primary / main receiver, and at T_ID5, UE may skip measuring f1 using the primary / main receiver.

[0234] For measuring f2, UE may use {M, S} pattern in applicable measurement occasion sequences. That is, if UE performs measurement on f2 using the primary / main receiver in one measurement occasion applicable for f2, the UE may skip performing measurement on f2 using the primary / main receiver in next one measurement occasion applicable for f2. For example, at T_ID2, UE may skip measuring f2 using the primary / main receiver, and at T_ID4, UE may measure f2 using the primary / main receiver.

[0235] As shown in FIG. 14A, UE performs measurement on f1 in 2 / 5 of measurement occasions, and performs measurement on f2 in 1 / 5 of measurement occasions, in average sense. Thus, the utilization ratio of the primary / main receiver for f1 (i.e., 2 / 5) is higher than that for f2 (i.e., 1 / 5).

[0236] In some implementations, to compensate the skipped measurement occasions, UE may perform measurement using the secondary receiver. Referring to FIG. 14B, f3 and f4 are regularly measured alternatively at available occasions. If f1 or f2 measurement by the primary / main receiver is skipped, the skipped measurement may be compensated by measurements of the concerned frequency (f1 or f2) using the secondary receiver, based on allocating more measurement occasions. For example, at T_ID2 and T_ID6, UE performs additional measurements on f2 using the secondary receiver, in addition to performing measurement on f4 using the secondary receiver, to compensate the skipped measurement on f2 by the primary / main receiver. Similarly, at T_ID5, UE performs measurement using the secondary receiver to compensate the skipped measurement on f1 by the primary / main receiver, and so on.

[0237] In some implementations, to compensate the skipped measurement occasions, UE may perform measurement using the secondary receiver. Referring to FIG. 14C, f3 and f4 are measured alternatively at measurement occasions whenever possible. If f1 or f2 measurement by the primary / main receiver is skipped, the skipped measurement may be compensated by measurements of the concerned frequency (f1 or f2) using the secondary receiver, based on pre-empting the available measurement occasions. As a result of the pre-empting, the measurements of the f3 / f4 may be deferred.

[0238] For example, at T_ID2 and T_ID6, UE performs measurement on f2 using the secondary receiver by pre-empting the measurement on f4 by the secondary receiver, to compensate the skipped measurement on f2 by the primary / main receiver. Similarly, at T_ID5, UE performs measurement on f1 using the secondary receiver by pre-empting the measurement on f3 by the secondary receiver, to compensate the skipped measurement on f1 by the primary / main receiver, and so on. Pre-empted measurements may be done at the latest available measurement occasions.

[0239] Furthermore, the method in perspective of the communication device described in the present disclosure (e.g., in FIG. 11) may be performed by the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 2 and / or the UE 100 shown in FIG. 3.

[0240] More specifically, the communication device comprises at least one transceiver comprising a first receiver and a second receiver, at least processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations.

[0241] The operations comprise: receiving information for a list of measurement targets; determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the first receiver, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the second receiver, based on information for each measurement target received from a network, wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; and performing a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver

[0242] Furthermore, the method in perspective of the communication device described in the present disclosure (e.g., in FIG. 11) may be performed by a software code 105 stored in the memory 104 included in the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 2.

[0243] More specifically, at least one computer readable medium (CRM) stores instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform operations comprising: receiving information for a list of measurement targets; determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network, wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; and performing a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

[0244] Furthermore, the method in perspective of the communication device described in the present disclosure (e.g., in FIG. 11) may be performed by control of the processor 102 included in the first wireless device 100 shown in FIG. 2 and / or by control of the processor 102 included in the UE 100 shown in FIG. 3.

[0245] More specifically, an apparatus configured to / adapted to operate in a wireless communication system (e.g., communication device / UE) comprises at least processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to / adapted to perform operations comprising: receiving information for a list of measurement targets; determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network, wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; and performing a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

[0246] Furthermore, the method in perspective of a network node described in the present disclosure (e.g., in FIG. 12) may be performed by the second wireless device 200 shown in FIG. 2. The network node may be related to a serving cell.

[0247] More specifically, the network node comprises at least one transceiver, at least processor, and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations.

[0248] The operations comprise: transmitting, to a communication device, information for a list of measurement targets; and transmitting, to the communication device, information for each measurement target. A first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device may be determined based on the information for each measurement target. The first receiver may perform a measurement with a first power and the second receiver may perform a measurement with a second power lower than the first power. A measurement on the first set of measurement targets may be performed based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets may be performed based on the second receiver.

[0249] The present disclosure may have various advantageous effects.

[0250] For example, the communication device can save power consumed for measurement.

[0251] For example, the communication device can reduce scheduling constraints caused by measurement using a primary / main receiver.

[0252] For example, the communication device can focus on increasing measurement accuracy for more important measurement targets and reducing power consumption for less important measurement targets. This can achieve a balance between measurement accuracy and measurement power consumption.

[0253] Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effects listed above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand and / or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that may be understood or derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0254] Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. For instance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosure can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and technical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1.A method performed by a communication device adapted to operate in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:receiving information for a list of measurement targets;determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network,wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; andperforming a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the second receiver is related to one or more characteristics comprising at least one of:a smaller bandwidth compared to that related to the first receiver;a sparser measurement occasion compared to that related to the first receiver; ora shorter measurement duration compared to that related to the first receiver.3.The method of claim 1, further comprising:monitoring a wake-up signal (WUS) during a WUS occasion based on the second receiver;triggering the first receiver to be in an active state based on detecting the WUS; andmonitoring a downlink control channel based on the first receiver,4.The method of claim 3, wherein the first receiver is in an active state during a first time period for at least one of monitoring the downlink control channel or performing related communications, and is in an ultra-deep sleep state during a second time period other than the first time period, andwherein the second receiver is in an active state during the WUS occasion, and in a deep sleep state during a time period other than the WUS occasion.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the first receiver comprises a main receiver (MR), andwherein the second receiver comprises a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUS).6.The method of claim 1, wherein the information for each measurement target comprises a corresponding priority of each measurement target.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the first receiver comprises measurement targets whose priority is higher than a first threshold, andwherein the second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the second receiver comprises measurement targets whose priority is lower than a second threshold.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the first threshold is same as the second threshold, or different from the second threshold.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the information for each measurement target indicates at least one of the first set of measurement targets or the second set of measurement targets in the list.10.The method of claim 1, wherein a number of measurement occasions in which the first set of measurement targets are measured based on the first receiver is greater than a number of measurement occasions in which the second set of measurement targets are measured based on the second receiver.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver comprises:performing a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver in first measurement occasions; andskipping a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver in second measurement occasions.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the first set of measurement targets are measured based on the second receiver in the second measurement occasions, while performing or pre-empting a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver in the second measurement occasions.13.The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting a measurement report comprising a measurement result of a measurement target, and information for a receiver among the first receiver and the second receiver used for measuring the measurement target.14.The method of claims 1, wherein the communication device is in communication with at least one of a user equipment (UE), a mobile device, a network, or autonomous vehicles.15.A communication device configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:at least one transceiver comprising a first receiver and a second receiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising:receiving information for a list of measurement targets;determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the first receiver, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by the second receiver, based on information for each measurement target received from a network,wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; andperforming a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.16.The communication device of claim 15, wherein the communication device is adapted to implement a method of one of claims 2 to 14.17.A network node configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the network node comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor; andat least one memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising:transmitting, to a communication device, information for a list of measurement targets; andtransmitting, to the communication device, information for each measurement target,wherein a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device are determined based on the information for each measurement target,wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power, andwherein a measurement on the first set of measurement targets is performed based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets is performed based on the second receiver.18.A method performed by a network node configured to operate in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:transmitting, to a communication device, information for a list of measurement targets; andtransmitting, to the communication device, information for each measurement target,wherein a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device are determined based on the information for each measurement target,wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power, andwherein a measurement on the first set of measurement targets is performed based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets is performed based on the second receiver.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the communication device is adapted to implement a method of one of claims 1 to 14.20.An apparatus adapted to operate in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising:at least processor; andat least one memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on being executed by the at least one processor, perform operations comprising:receiving information for a list of measurement targets;determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network,wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; andperforming a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.21.A non-transitory computer readable medium (CRM) having stored thereon a program code implementing instructions that, based on being executed by at least one processor, perform operations comprising:receiving information for a list of measurement targets;determining a first set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a first receiver of the communication device, and a second set of measurement targets in the list for a measurement by a second receiver of the communication device, based on information for each measurement target received from a network,wherein the first receiver performs a measurement with a first power and the second receiver performs a measurement with a second power lower than the first power; andperforming a measurement on the first set of measurement targets based on the first receiver, and a measurement on the second set of measurement targets based on the second receiver.

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