Method for producing a candle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a gelatin-containing composite material, in particular a composite material, wherein a biopolymer preparation is provided in sprayable form, the sprayable biopolymer preparation is sprayed, and the material is cured. The invention further relates to a method for producing a biopolymer-containing material, in particular a composite material, wherein a substrate is immersed in a liquid biopolymer preparation, and the biopolymer preparation is cured. The invention further relates to a method for producing a candle comprising a combustible material, a wick, and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged, wherein a biopolymer-containing composite material is provided according to a method described above for forming the casing.A further aspect of the invention is a method for manufacturing a candle comprising a combustible material, a wick, and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged, wherein, to form the casing, a liquid biopolymer-containing material, in particular a composite material, is filled into a mold, and the mold is moved to distribute the liquid gelatin-containing material along the inner contour of the mold. The invention further relates to a candle comprising a combustible material, a wick, and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged, wherein the casing is formed from a biopolymer-containing composite material.

Description

State of the art

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a material, in particular a composite material, containing a biopolymer. The invention further relates to a method for producing a candle comprising a combustible material, a wick, and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged.

[0002] Such biopolymer-containing composite materials offer the advantage of being flame-retardant and easily compostable. They can therefore be used to manufacture disposable products, such as candles, which can be disposed of without leaving any residue after their intended use.

[0003] Such a disposable product in the form of a candle is known, for example, from WO 00 / 56846 A1. This candle has a wick and a combustible material. The combustible material and the wick are surrounded by a biodegradable casing made of a gelatin-containing composite material. To produce this casing, gelatin sheets are placed in boiling water and cooked for a few minutes. Potato starch, cold water, gelling sugar, and olive oil are added while stirring. A rubbery jelly is obtained, which is poured into a mold in which the gelatin-containing composite material hardens and solidifies. A disadvantage of the known manufacturing process is that it can result in relatively long hardening times. Disclosure of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a simplified, in particular accelerated, method for the manufacture of a disposable product.

[0005] To solve this problem, a method for producing a material, in particular a composite material, containing at least one biopolymer is proposed, wherein a biopolymer preparation is provided in sprayable form, the sprayable biopolymer preparation is sprayed and cured.

[0006] Biopolymers are understood to be polymers that are obtained from renewable raw materials and / or are biodegradable, especially completely biodegradable. The production of these biopolymers may involve extensive purification and / or modification steps.

[0007] Gelatin and polysaccharides, or a mixture comprising these components, are preferably used as biopolymers.

[0008] Preferred polysaccharides are pullulan and cellulose ethers, preferably methylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.

[0009] Particularly preferred biopolymers include gelatin, pullulan, methylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, each on its own, or mixtures comprising two, three, or four of these components. If a mixture comprising two of these components is used as the biopolymer, mixtures of gelatin and pullulan or gelatin and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose are preferred.

[0010] Particularly preferred is the biopolymer selected from the group consisting of gelatin, pullulan, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; even more preferred is the biopolymer gelatin. These aforementioned materials have the advantage that products obtained from them can be manufactured to be vegan and / or kosher and / or halal standards, whereby it is understood by those skilled in the art that products containing gelatin are not vegan.

[0011] Gelatin is preferably an animal protein, preferably a mixture of substances. Its main component is preferably denatured or hydrolyzed collagen, which can be produced from the connective tissue of various animal species, especially pigs and cattle, but also fish and poultry. However, the gelatin can also be of vegetable origin, which is usually based on or consists of polysaccharides.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the biopolymer preparation in sprayable form is a sprayable gelatin preparation with a water content of 10 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.% to 80 wt.%, particularly preferably 15-85 wt.%, and even more preferably 20-80 wt.%. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to select the highest possible water content to improve the processability of the preparation, for example 25-80 wt.%, preferably 30-80 wt.%, particularly preferably 40-80 wt.%, and even more preferably 50-80 wt.%. In this context, it may be advantageous to use demineralized or distilled water.

[0013] Preferably, the biopolymer preparation in sprayable form is gelatin, which is in the form of a liquid gelatin composition comprising ≤ 99 wt.% gelatin hydrolysate.

[0014] Preferably, this liquid gelatin composition comprises as further components ≤ 20 wt% citric acid (E330) and / or ≤ 2 wt% potassium sorbate (E202). Particularly preferred is a liquid gelatin composition comprising ≤ 99 wt% gelatin hydrolysate, ≤ 2 wt% citric acid (E330), and ≤ 0.2 wt% potassium sorbate (E202). Corresponding gelatin hydrolysate (CAS No. 68410-45-7, EC No. 270-082-2), citric acid (CAS No. 77-92-9, EC No. 201-069-1), and potassium sorbate (CAS No. 24634-61-5) are known to those skilled in the art.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid gelatin composition has a pH value of 4-8, particularly preferably 4.5-5.5, determined in the original solution at 60°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid gelatin composition has a viscosity of 20-140 mPas, determined in the original solution at 60°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0017] A liquid gelatin composition containing ≤ 99 wt% gelatin hydrolysate, ≤ 2 wt% citric acid (E330), and ≤ 0.2 wt% potassium sorbate (E202) with a pH of 4.5–5.5 and a viscosity of 20–140 mPas is known to those skilled in the art and is commercially available, for example, under the name GELITA NOVOTEC® < CB800 from GELITA AG, DE-69412-Eberbach. The equilibrium moisture content of this gelatin is approximately 7 wt%, meaning that this residual water content is reversibly established after drying under normal conditions, regardless of the amount of water used in the dissolving process.

[0018] The liquid gelatin composition described above is characterized by its particularly good penetration into the sprayed substrate, for example, paper. This gelatin composition does not gel and can be sprayed effectively at room temperature, for example, 15-20°C. A combination of this gelatin composition with other biopolymers described herein, especially gelatins, is also possible, as is pretreating the substrate, especially paper, with the non-gelling gelatin and simultaneously or subsequently applying gelling gelatin.

[0019] The biopolymer preparation is provided in sprayable form, in particular by combining one or more biopolymers and water, especially demineralized or distilled water, and optionally with heating. Preferably, the biopolymer preparation in sprayable form can consist only of biopolymer or biopolymer preparation and water, especially demineralized or distilled water.

[0020] The biopolymer preparation, provided in sprayable form, can be, for example, a biopolymer in aqueous solution or a dispersion. When sprayed, the biopolymer preparation is broken down into droplets, forming an aerosol. During spraying, some of the water contained in the preparation is released into the surrounding air, allowing the biopolymer to begin curing immediately upon application. This enables faster curing compared to a casting process.

[0021] A significant advantage of a material produced using the inventive process, particularly a composite material, is the residual moisture bound by the biopolymer, which is preferably in the range of 3-30 wt.%, more preferably 5-25 wt.%, and even more preferably 10-20 wt.%. This makes the material even less flammable and also completely biodegradable. The high nitrogen content of gelatin, compared to other biopolymers, also contributes to reduced flammability.

[0022] A pressure nozzle, in particular a turbulence, flat jet, impact, or hollow cone pressure nozzle, is preferably used to spray the biopolymer preparation. In the pressure nozzle, droplet formation occurs solely through the kinetic energy of the biopolymer preparation supplied to the nozzle. Alternatively, a two-fluid nozzle can be used to spray the biopolymer preparation, in which droplet formation is essentially caused by the kinetic energy of a high-velocity carrier gas, such as air.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the ambient air is heated to a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 80 °C, preferably in the range of 50 °C to 80 °C, and particularly preferably in the range of 60 °C to 70 °C. This enables particularly rapid curing of the biopolymer preparation during and / or after spraying. If a carrier gas is used for spraying the biopolymer preparation, the carrier gas can alternatively or additionally be heated to a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 80 °C, preferably in the range of 50 °C to 80 °C, and particularly preferably in the range of 60 °C to 70 °C, so that the sprayed biopolymer preparation can be heated by the carrier gas during its flight. Further curing after deposition of the sprayed biopolymer preparation can also be accelerated by the heated ambient air and / or the heated carrier gas.

[0024] According to an alternative or additionally preferred embodiment, the biopolymer preparation is cured by induction heating. Alternatively or additionally, curing can take place in a drying tunnel.

[0025] According to an advantageous embodiment of the process, an additive is sprayed together with the sprayable biopolymer preparation. The biopolymer preparation and the additive are sprayed into a mold, where the biopolymer preparation cures to form a composite material containing the additive. This yields a composite material with the biopolymer as the matrix material and the additive as particles embedded within the matrix material. The additive can be added to the biopolymer preparation before spraying. Alternatively or additionally, the biopolymer preparation and the additive can be fed separately to a nozzle and both sprayed through the nozzle, so that the biopolymer preparation and the additive mix in flight and are deposited together on the mold.For example, paper fibers in particular can be sprayed together with the sprayable biopolymer preparation, making it possible to produce a paper web or a paper-based film by means of a spraying process.

[0026] According to an alternative, advantageous embodiment, a substrate consisting of an additive is provided, and the sprayable biopolymer preparation is sprayed onto the substrate, curing on the substrate to form a gelatin-containing composite material encompassing the additive. This allows for the creation of a composite material with a layered structure consisting of a first layer formed essentially of the additive and a second layer formed essentially of biopolymer. Alternatively, particularly with fiber-based or porous substrates, it is possible for the biopolymer preparation sprayed onto the substrate to at least partially penetrate the substrate, forming a composite material with biopolymer as the matrix material in which the additive is embedded.

[0027] In this context, it has proven advantageous for the substrate to be in sheet or ribbon form. The substrate can be, for example, a paper or film web. The substrate can draw moisture from the biopolymer preparation. Such substrates can be further processed, for example, by thermoforming. During thermoforming, such a substrate is preferably exposed to steam and / or heated inductively.

[0028] An alternative preferred embodiment provides that the substrate is formed as a molded part. The molded part can be formed, for example, by folding, creasing, beading, punching, perforating, bending, or embossing. Applying the biopolymer preparation to the molded part can increase its stability. For example, the molded part can be formed from a substrate with a very thin wall, such as a wall thickness of less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm, and particularly preferably less than 0.1 mm, less than 0.05 mm, or less than 0.01 mm.

[0029] The substrate can feature symbols and / or characters, such as safety instructions, usage guidelines, price tags, or decorative images. It is possible for the substrate to be textured, for example, with grooves, bumps, or other structures. Preferably, the substrate is printed. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate can be at least partially, preferably completely, transparent, resulting in a composite material that is at least partially, preferably completely, transparent. Preferably, the substrate has an opacity of less than 80%, particularly preferably less than 50%, for example, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1%. When using a composite material as a casing for a candle, there is also the advantage that the light produced by the candle can shine through the casing.

[0030] A preferred embodiment involves applying an electrical voltage to the substrate or the tooling, thereby producing a biopolymer-containing layer of uniform thickness. In this context, it has proven advantageous to moisten the substrate, particularly the paper.

[0031] Preferably, the additive comprises a polysaccharide, in particular cellulose and / or starch. The starch can be corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, or horse chestnut starch. Particularly preferably, the additive consists of a polysaccharide, in particular cellulose and / or starch. The use of polysaccharides, in particular cellulose and / or starch, together with the biopolymer preparation offers the advantage that the resulting composite material is easily compostable. Furthermore, the substrate can absorb moisture from the biopolymer preparation. In addition, such composite materials are flame-retardant and / or resistant to UV radiation. The additive can contain coconut fibers and / or algae.

[0032] For example, the additive is cellulose, so that a composite material is formed which contains biopolymer, in particular gelatin, and cellulose.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, the additive may comprise fibers, preferably textile fibers and / or plant fibers, such as wood fibers and / or coconut fibers and / or algae fibers. The fibers allow the mechanical properties of the resulting composite material to be adjusted. For example, a fiber-containing additive makes it possible to obtain a flexible composite material after curing. The use of fibers, preferably textile fibers and / or plant fibers, together with the biopolymer preparation offers the advantage that the resulting composite material is easily compostable. Furthermore, such composite materials are flame-retardant.

[0034] Alternatively or additionally, the additive may contain sand grains, particularly quartz sand grains, and / or crystals. The appearance of the resulting composite material can be influenced by the presence of sand grains and / or crystals. For example, a composite material can be obtained for the formation of decorative objects and / or casings. The use of sand grains and / or crystals together with the biopolymer preparation offers the advantage that the resulting composite material is easily compostable.

[0035] Various products, in particular disposable products, can be manufactured from the gelatin-containing composite material according to the invention, the following selection describing only a part of the possible application areas: films, packaging films, protective films for monitors or mobile phones, films for blisters, drinking straws, cups, in particular drinking cups, electrical and / or thermal insulators.

[0036] Another object of the invention is a method for producing a material, in particular a composite material, containing biopolymer, wherein a substrate or a dipping body is immersed in a liquid biopolymer preparation, and the biopolymer preparation is cured.

[0037] Preferably, the liquid biopolymer preparation for a dipping body is an aqueous solution of gelatin obtained from powdered gelatin (e.g., gelatin with CAS No. 9000-70-8, EINECS No. 232-554-6).

[0038] Preferably, the powdered gelatin has a Bloom value of at least 120 g, more preferably at least 140 g, and particularly preferably at least 230 g Bloom, determined according to the AOAC method in accordance with the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short Version 12, May 2017, published by Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe. A higher Bloom value accelerates the solidification of the gel mass on the dipping body or substrate, whereby excessively rapid solidification may be undesirable on some substrates, for example, if it reduces the penetration of the gelatin.

[0039] Preferably, the liquid gelatin composition, i.e., an aqueous solution of the gelatin, has a pH of 4.5 to 9, preferably 5.20 to 6.00, determined in a 6.67 wt% solution at 60°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0040] Preferably, the liquid gelatin composition has a viscosity of 3.5 to 9.0 mPas, particularly preferably 4.00 to 5.00 mPas, determined in a 6.67 wt% solution at 60°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0041] Furthermore, the liquid gelatin composition preferably exhibits a transmission at 620 nm of at least 85%, preferably 95%, and / or a transmission at 450 nm of at least 70%, preferably at least 81%, each determined in a 6.67 wt% solution according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017, published by Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe. Higher transmission improves the transparency of the final product.

[0042] The conductivity is preferably ≤ 1500 µS / cm, particularly preferably ≤ 250 µS / cm, determined in a 1.0 wt% solution at 30°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0043] Such a liquid gelatin composition, which combines the aforementioned properties of Bloom value, pH value, viscosity, transmission at 620 nm and 450 nm, and conductivity, can be obtained, for example, by preparing an aqueous solution of gelatin, such as the GELITA IMAGEL® TC commercially available from GELITA AG, DE-69412-Eberbach. The equilibrium moisture content of this gelatin is approximately 10 wt%, meaning that this residual water content is reversibly established after drying under normal conditions, regardless of the amount of water used in the dissolving process.

[0044] A suitable composition is characterized by high transparency, high viscosity stability over a long period at elevated temperatures, and a good pH value for stability against hydrolysis.

[0045] It is also possible to combine this liquid gelatin composition described above with other biopolymers described herein, in particular gelatins.

[0046] Preferably, the immersion body has an outer contour with an immersion area that is immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation. The immersion area preferably corresponds to a negative of the inner contour of the material to be produced. In a further step, the immersion body can be removed from the liquid biopolymer preparation. The layer of biopolymer preparation that coats the outer contour of the immersion body can be cured and dried.

[0047] According to an advantageous embodiment, the immersion body has an ejection device configured to release a material formed from a biopolymer preparation solidified on the outer contour of the immersion body. Such an ejection device can be designed as an ejection element that is movable relative to a base element of the immersion body, for example, pivotable or linearly movable. To eject the material made of solidified biopolymer preparation, the ejection element can be actuated, i.e., moved relative to the base element. Alternatively or additionally, the ejection device can include a device for releasing a gas, in particular air, from the outer contour of the immersion body. To eject the material made of solidified biopolymer preparation, the gas can be released and separate the material from the immersion body.An ejection device can be preferably used with such immersion bodies that are made of a metal, for example steel.

[0048] According to an advantageous embodiment of the process, the immersion body, which is immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation, comprises a plastic, in particular a silicone. Preferably, the plastic, in particular the silicone, is malleable or deformable.

[0049] A particularly advantageous embodiment has proven to be one in which the immersion body has a deformable plastic shell, in particular a deformable silicone shell, and a cavity that is at least partially enclosed by the deformable plastic shell, in particular the deformable silicone shell. After the immersion body, in particular the plastic or silicone shell, can be deformed from the liquid biopolymer preparation in such a way that the cavity is reduced in size, at least in some areas. This facilitates the removal of the biopolymer preparation deposited, in particular solidified, on the outer surface of the immersion body. It also makes it possible to demold a material shaped like a candle casing and featuring an undercut from the immersion body.For example, the plastic shell, in particular a silicone shell, can be deformed by releasing a gas, in particular air, from the cavity or by applying a vacuum to the cavity. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that the immersion body, in particular the plastic shell, in particular a silicone shell, is pressurized in the cavity before immersion in the biopolymer preparation, or that a gas, in particular air, is introduced into the cavity.

[0050] Preferably, the immersion body, in particular the plastic shell, preferably a silicone shell, of the immersion body is made of a polar plastic or a polar silicone. Using a polar plastic or a polar silicone further facilitates the demolding of the solidified biopolymer preparation.

[0051] In this context, it has proven advantageous to adjust the polarity of the polar plastic, particularly polar silicone, by means of an electric potential or an electric field. For example, a voltage source and / or a current source can be provided to influence the polarity of the polar plastic or silicone.

[0052] It can also be advantageous if the silicone has a surface texture extending over the desired area, at least in some or even all of it. This surface texture, which is largely homogeneous in its structural form, meaning its properties are as uniform as possible across the surface, preferably has a roughness between 5 µm and 200 µm. Here, "roughness" refers to the roughness depth (RZ). The surface texture is formed by continuously alternating depressions and protrusions, designed to achieve the desired roughness.

[0053] According to an advantageous embodiment of the process, the immersion body is formed by a combustible material from a candle. The combustible material can be immersed once or several times in the liquid biopolymer preparation. The combustible material can be partially immersed in the liquid biopolymer. In this way, a material in the form of a cup-like vessel can be produced from the biopolymer preparation, the inner contour of which is adapted to the outer contour of the combustible material. Alternatively, it is possible to completely immerse the combustible material in the liquid biopolymer preparation, thus forming an encapsulated container for the combustible material. Preferably, a wick of the candle is already connected to the combustible material before immersion in the liquid biopolymer preparation.The flammable material is particularly favorably held by the wick during immersion, so that the flammable material can be drawn out of the liquid biopolymer preparation by the wick.

[0054] In an embodiment where the immersion body is formed by a combustible material, in particular a candle, the combustible material is preferably formed by pressing in a process step preceding the immersion process. Preferably, the combustible material has a wick. The combustible material can be, for example, wax, such as beeswax, stearin, and / or paraffin, i.e., in particular, hydrogenated or refined vegetable and / or animal fats, wax-like materials, and / or technical wax mixtures.

[0055] According to an advantageous embodiment, the immersion body formed from the combustible material is first cooled, in particular by shock freezing, and then immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation. The cooling of the immersion body can be achieved, for example, by blowing cold air towards it. This air preferably has a temperature in the range of 10 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range of 15 to 18 °C, for example 16 °C.

[0056] Preferably, the biopolymer preparation is dried on the substrate or the immersion body, particularly by blowing warm air through it. This warm air can have a temperature in the range of 20 to 30 °C, preferably 23 to 28 °C, for example 25 °C. The relative humidity of this air is preferably 40% to 60%, particularly preferably 45% to 55%, for example 51%. Drying can be carried out in a continuous drying system, for example in a drying tunnel. Preferably, the solidified biopolymer composition is dried for a drying time in the range of 30 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably in the range of 45 minutes to 3 hours. Optionally, other drying processes can be used, for example inductive drying, drying with a heat lamp, or infrared radiation.

[0057] If necessary, the material can be cut after solidification and, if applicable, drying to obtain a vessel-like material with a smooth edge.

[0058] The process described above can be used, on the one hand, to form a material in the form of a cup-shaped vessel. A biopolymer preparation that is only slightly flammable, and in particular non-flammable, is preferably used for this purpose. Alternatively, the process described above can be used to form a material in the form of a coating on the outer contour of a combustible material, such as a candle. A biopolymer preparation that is easily flammable, and in particular flammable, is preferably used for this purpose.

[0059] Preferably, the immersion body is introduced into and / or removed from the liquid biopolymer preparation by a linear movement, particularly perpendicular to the surface of the liquid biopolymer preparation. Alternatively, the immersion body can be introduced into and / or removed from the liquid biopolymer preparation by a pivoting movement about a pivot axis.

[0060] According to an advantageous embodiment, the immersion body wetted with the liquid biopolymer preparation is pivoted about a pivot axis after removal from the biopolymer preparation in order to adjust the distribution of the liquid biopolymer preparation on the outer contour of the immersion body. Preferably, the immersion body is pivoted from an immersion position in which a bottom region of the immersion body is directed downwards to a first pivot position in a first pivot direction, wherein the immersion body is particularly preferably pivoted relative to the immersion position by an angle in the range of 10° to 60°, more preferably 15° to 45°, and more preferably 20° to 40°. Particularly preferably, the immersion body is moved from the first pivot position to a second pivot position, preferably by a pivoting movement in a second pivot direction that is opposite to the first pivot direction.In the second pivot position, the immersion body is preferably pivoted 180° relative to the immersion position. Therefore, in the second pivot position, the immersion body is oriented upwards. This ensures uniform wetting of the immersion body with a flat bottom area.

[0061] If the immersion body is formed by a flammable material, in particular a candle, it has proven advantageous to use an aqueous solution of gelatin as a biopolymer preparation obtained from powdered gelatin (e.g. gelatin with CAS No. 9000-70-8, EINECS No. 232-554-6).

[0062] Preferably, the powdered gelatin has a Bloom value in the range of at least 140 Bloom, particularly preferably 285 to 315 g Bloom, determined according to the AOAC method according to the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 by Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0063] Preferably, the liquid gelatin composition, i.e., an aqueous solution of the gelatin, has a pH of 4.5 to 9, particularly preferably 5.00 to 5.70, determined in a 6.67 wt% solution at 60°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0064] Preferably, the liquid gelatin composition has a viscosity of 3.0 to 5.0 mPas, particularly preferably 3.45 to 4.35 mPas, determined in a 6.67 wt% solution at 60°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0065] Furthermore, the liquid gelatin composition preferably has a transmission at 620 nm of at least 85%, particularly preferably 95%, and / or a transmission at 450 nm of at least 75%, particularly preferably 87%, determined in a 6.67 wt% solution according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017, by Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0066] The conductivity is preferably < 1500 µS / cm, particularly preferably 80 to 240 µS / cm, determined in a 1.0 wt% solution at 30°C according to the method in the monograph "Standardized Methods for the testing of edible gelatine", Short-Version 12, May 2017 of Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe.

[0067] Such a liquid gelatin composition, which combines the aforementioned properties of Bloom value, pH value, viscosity, transmission at 620 nm and 450 nm, and conductivity, can be obtained, for example, by preparing an aqueous solution of gelatin, such as the GELITA IMAGEL® AP commercially available from GELITA AG, DE-69412-Eberbach. The equilibrium moisture content of this gelatin is approximately 10% by weight; that is, this residual water content is reversibly established after drying under normal conditions, regardless of the amount of water used in the dissolving process.

[0068] A suitable composition is characterized by high transparency, rapid gel formation, and good stabilization of added particles, e.g., glitter, metal particles, sand, etc.

[0069] It is also possible to combine this liquid gelatin composition with other biopolymers described herein, especially gelatins.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, one or more preservatives may also be added to the liquid biopolymer preparations described herein, in particular the gelatin compositions, preferably selected from the group consisting of phenoxyethanol, methylisothiazolinone (MIT), benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and orthophenylphenol (OPP).

[0071] To solve the aforementioned problem, a method for producing a candle with a combustible material, a wick and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged is further proposed, wherein a composite material containing biopolymer is provided for forming the casing according to a method for producing a biopolymer-containing composite material described above.

[0072] The biopolymer preparation, provided in sprayable form, can be, for example, a biopolymer in aqueous solution or a dispersion. When sprayed, the biopolymer preparation is broken down into droplets, forming an aerosol. During spraying, some of the water contained in the preparation is released into the surrounding air, allowing the biopolymer to begin curing immediately upon application. This enables faster curing compared to a casting process.

[0073] Preferably, the composite material containing biopolymer is provided as a tape or film. For example, the composite material can be formed by spraying the biopolymer preparation onto a sheet-shaped or tape-shaped substrate containing an additive, particularly one containing cellulose. Particularly preferably, the composite material is formed by spraying the gelatin onto a tape-shaped paper.

[0074] According to a preferred embodiment, the biopolymer-containing composite material is thermoformed to form the shell. Thermoforming, also known as deep drawing or hot forming, is particularly suitable for forming biopolymer-containing composite materials in sheet, strip, or film form. For deep drawing, the biopolymer-containing composite material can be heated and then formed into a die under pressure and / or vacuum. A punch can be used during the forming process to press the biopolymer-containing composite material into the die. Preferably, the die and / or the punch are at least divided into two parts, the parts of which are movable relative to each other, in particular, they can be moved towards and away from each other. For example, the two parts of the punch are moved away from each other to form the shell and towards each other to demold it. The process is exactly the opposite for the die.This makes it possible to produce thermoformed shells with a cylindrical wall or shells with an undercut that can be demolded.

[0075] This makes it possible to manufacture side walls that are positioned at an angle α of essentially 90° or less to the base area, allowing two candles to be stacked on top of each other.

[0076] It has proven particularly advantageous to add steam to the biopolymer-containing composite during and / or after thermoforming. The addition of steam improves the cross-linking of the biopolymer within the composite.

[0077] The combustible material of the candle is, in particular, wax, for example, beeswax, stearin, and / or paraffin, i.e., especially hydrogenated or refined vegetable and / or animal fats, wax-like materials, and / or technical wax mixtures. The wick is surrounded by the combustible material. The combustible material is initially solid and is at least partially liquefied by the heat emitted by the burning wick. The combustible material preferably contains no dyes. Preferably, the combustible material is mixed with one or more fragrances. Preferably, the combustible material is mixed with an additive that causes flame coloration. This advantageously makes it possible to provide a white or colored candle, in particular also a candle that is colored even when lit, i.e., has a colored flame. If the material from which the hollow or...The material is manufactured in a colored manner, resulting in an aesthetically pleasing overall color impression.

[0078] Provided that the candle according to the invention is designed as a closed container, liquid fuels can also be used at room temperature, in particular at 14 to 26°C.

[0079] In principle, all common fuels known to those skilled in the art, such as lamp oils based on mineral oil, petroleum, stearin, or paraffin, are suitable. Preferably, vegetable oils, preferably rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, or mixtures of at least two of these aforementioned materials, are used as liquid fuels. These liquid fuels can be colorless or contain one or more dyes to create an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Preferably, the liquid fuel can be mixed with one or more fragrances. Preferably, the liquid fuel can also be mixed with an additive that causes flame coloration. This advantageously makes it possible to provide a white or colored candle, and in particular, a candle that is colored even when lit, i.e., has a colored flame. The material from which the trough or...The material can also be colored.

[0080] The liquid fuel preferably contains a fragrance whose scent is released and / or changes as the fuel burns. Alternatively or additionally, the liquid fuel contains a dye that is distributed, activated, or alters the overall color appearance as the fuel burns.

[0081] Liquid fuels are significantly less expensive than, for example, hardened, refined waxes made from mineral oil or vegetable fats. A further advantage, particularly of vegetable oils, is that they are derived from renewable resources and burn very cleanly, especially soot-free. Using liquid fuels eliminates several processing steps in their manufacture compared to solid fuels, making production more time- and energy-efficient. Another major advantage of liquid fuels is that candles containing them can be burned at much colder temperatures than candles containing solid fuels, for example, at temperatures as low as -25°C, -10°C, -5°C, or even 0°C.This is particularly advantageous in all applications where the candle is burned in cool outdoor conditions or in cool rooms, for example when used as a floating candle, cemetery candle, church or temple candle.

[0082] The flammable material is preferably poured into the casing as a liquid or paste-like medium and hardens there. If the element is sealed leak-proof, the flammable material can be liquid.

[0083] Preferably, the casing is cooled before, during and / or after the filling with the combustible material in order to accelerate the hardening of the combustible material.

[0084] According to an advantageous embodiment, the flammable material is filled into the casing, and after filling, a lid connected to the casing is applied. The lid is produced, in particular, by providing a sprayable biopolymer preparation, spraying the biopolymer preparation, and curing it. In such a process, the casing is preferably first produced by spraying the ready-to-spray biopolymer preparation into a mold. The casing can then be cured. A wick, preferably one connected to a wick holder, can then be inserted into the casing. In a subsequent step, the flammable material, particularly a liquid one, can be introduced into the casing made of the biopolymer-containing material.The lid can then be applied to the casing by spraying a biopolymer preparation in sprayable form onto the casing and the combustible material, as mentioned above. The lid material can then be cured to create an encapsulated candle.

[0085] According to a preferred embodiment, the candle wick is a thread-like braid. Particularly preferably, the wick has a stiffening element, especially on its outer surface, for example a hard wax coating and / or a sleeve, particularly made of a combustible material. This advantageously allows the wick to have a certain inherent stability and / or its burning properties to be influenced as desired.

[0086] Preferably, the candle casing has a base and a wall section. The base and wall sections are preferably formed in one piece, but can alternatively be made of multiple parts, in which case the base and wall sections are connected to each other, in particular by gluing, nesting, or a force-fit connection. Preferably, the casing is a cup-shaped casing that at least partially, and preferably completely, contains the combustible material. The casing can be designed as a trough. However, the outer circumference of the plastic element, in particular the wall section, can also be at least partially enclosed by the combustible material.For the burning of the candle, the plastic element is not separated from the flammable material, but represents an important element of the candle, for example to prevent the flammable material from flowing uncontrollably and / or for fire protection, for example to prevent the wick from coming into contact with the base of the candle.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the candle has a wick holder for holding the wick. The wick holder can be connected to the wick, particularly to one end of the wick. It is especially preferred that the wick holder is connected to the base of the candle's casing. The wick holder is particularly preferably made of a material containing a biopolymer. For example, a biopolymer-containing composite material can be provided for the formation of the wick holder according to a process described above for producing a composite material. This makes it possible to replace metal wick holders used in the prior art, so that the candle is completely compostable after it has burned down.

[0088] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the casing has a base area in which a recess and / or protrusion and / or an opening is provided in which the wick and / or a wick holder is attached or at least partially embedded. The attachment is particularly preferably achieved by a form-fit, force-fit, and / or material connection. The recess or protrusion prevents the wick from slipping during the manufacture of the candle and / or during burning. Preferably, the recess and / or protrusion has an undercut that interacts with the wick and / or the wick holder in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner. Furthermore, it is more preferably the base area that is inclined, at least in sections, to the horizontal.This ensures that the flammable material, which liquefies as the candle burns, flows towards the wick, thus guaranteeing at least the most complete possible combustion of the flammable material.

[0089] According to an alternative preferred embodiment of the inventive method, the wick holder is formed integrally with the casing.

[0090] Another object of the invention is a method for producing a candle with a combustible material, a wick and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged, wherein, to form the casing, a liquid biopolymer-containing material, in particular a composite material, is filled into a hollow mold and the hollow mold is moved to distribute the liquid biopolymer-containing material on the inner contour of the hollow mold.

[0091] Another object of the invention is a method for producing a candle with a combustible material, a wick and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged, wherein, to form the casing, a combustible material, in particular a pressed one, is immersed in a liquid biopolymer preparation and the biopolymer preparation is cured.

[0092] The flammable material can be partially immersed in the liquid biopolymer. In this way, a cup-shaped container can be created from the biopolymer preparation, the inner contour of which is adapted to the outer contour of the flammable material. Alternatively, the flammable material can be completely immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation, thus forming an encapsulated container for the flammable material. Preferably, a wick of the candle is already connected to the flammable material before immersion in the liquid biopolymer preparation. Particularly preferably, the wick holds the flammable material in place during immersion, so that the flammable material can be pulled out of the liquid biopolymer preparation by the wick.

[0093] The combustible material is preferably formed by pressing in a process step preceding the dipping process. Preferably, the combustible material has a wick. The combustible material can be, for example, wax, such as beeswax, stearin, and / or paraffin, i.e., in particular, hydrogenated or refined vegetable and / or animal fats, wax-like materials, and / or technical wax mixtures.

[0094] According to an advantageous embodiment, the flammable material is first cooled, in particular by shock freezing, and then immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation. The cooling of the flammable material can be achieved, for example, by blowing cold air towards the immersion body. This air preferably has a temperature in the range of 10 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range of 15 to 18 °C, for example 16 °C. Alternatively, the flammable material can be cooled with liquid nitrogen.

[0095] The biopolymer preparation is preferably dried on the combustible material, particularly by blowing warm air over it. This warm air can have a temperature in the range of 20 to 30 °C, preferably 23 to 28 °C, for example 25 °C. The relative humidity of this air is preferably 40% to 60%, particularly preferably 45% to 55%, for example 51%. Drying can be carried out in a continuous drying system, for example in a drying tunnel. Preferably, the solidified biopolymer composition is dried for a drying time in the range of 30 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably in the range of 45 minutes to 3 hours. Optionally, other drying processes can be used, for example inductive drying, drying with a heat lamp, or infrared radiation.

[0096] Another object of the invention is a candle comprising a combustible material, a wick and a casing in which the combustible material and the wick are arranged, wherein the casing is formed from a composite material containing biopolymer.

[0097] In an advantageous embodiment, the shell is made of a material consisting of biopolymer.

[0098] According to an advantageous formulation, the biopolymer exhibits gelatin.

[0099] The casing preferably has a thickness in the range of 1.4 to 1.8 mm, particularly preferably 1.6 to 1.8 mm. In an embodiment where the casing comprises or is formed from gelatin, this results in low flammability. Alternatively, and preferably, the thickness of the casing can be less than 1.4 mm, so that the casing itself is also flammable.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the candle has a wick holder for holding the wick, wherein the wick holder is made of a material containing a biopolymer, in particular a biopolymer-containing composite material. The wick holder can be connected to the wick, especially to one end of the wick. Particularly preferably, the wick holder is connected to the base of the candle casing. For example, a gelatin-containing composite material can be provided for forming the wick holder according to a previously described process for producing a gelatin-containing composite material. This makes it possible to replace metal wick holders used in the prior art, so that the candle is completely compostable after it has burned down.

[0101] In the case of the candle, the advantageous features and designs described in connection with the material, in particular the composite material, with the processes for producing a material, in particular a composite material, or processes for producing a candle can be applied alone or in combination, and vice versa.

[0102] Further details, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings merely illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, which do not limit the inventive concept. Brief description of the characters

[0103] Figure 1 shows a candle manufactured according to a first embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention, in a side view. Figures 2a-fshow a candle that is manufactured according to a second embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention. Figure 3 Figure 1 shows a flowchart to illustrate a first embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention. Figure 4 Figure 1 shows a flowchart to illustrate a first embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention. Figures 5a and 5b show a wick with a wick holder in a side view and a perspective view. Figure 6 A third embodiment of a candle manufactured according to a manufacturing process according to the invention is shown. Figure 7 A fourth embodiment of a candle manufactured according to a manufacturing process according to the invention is shown. Figure 8 shows a flowchart to illustrate a third embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention. Figure 9shows a flowchart to illustrate a third embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention. Embodiments of the invention

[0104] In the various figures, identical parts are always marked with the same reference symbols and are therefore usually only named or mentioned once.

[0105] Figure 1Figure 1 shows a candle 1 manufactured according to the invention. The candle 1 comprises a combustible material 3, for example, wax, a wax-like material, or a technical wax mixture, in which a wick 4 is provided. The combustible material 3 and the wick 4 are arranged in a casing 2. This casing 2, which in this case has a bottom region 2.2 and a wall region 2.1, consists of at least one gelatin-containing composite material. The gelatin can be cross-linked and is preferably mixed with at least one substance that reduces the flammability of the gelatin and / or the polysaccharide and / or the cellulose and / or increases its glass transition temperature. In this case, the candle is a so-called tea light, in which the casing 2 completely encloses the combustible material 3 and the wick 4. The combustible material is burned by means of the wick in the casing 2. Afterwards, the casing 2 is disposed of, for example, by composting.The casing 2 is deep-drawn from a gelatin-containing film which, in addition to the gelatin, contains an additive. The additive is preferably a polysaccharide, in particular cellulose and / or starch. The starch can be corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch, wheat starch, rice starch, or horse chestnut starch.

[0106] Figures 2a-2fFigure 1 shows a second candle 1 manufactured according to the invention. The candle 1 has a casing 2, a wick 4, and a combustible material 3 surrounding the wick 4. The casing 2 has a base region 2.2 and a cylindrical wall region 2.1. The combustible material 3 rests on the base region 2.2. In this case, the height of the wall region 2.1 is less than the height of the combustible material 3. According to a modification of the candle shown, the height of the combustible material 3 corresponds to the height of the side wall 2.1, or the height of the side wall 2.1 even exceeds the height of the combustible material 3. The inner contour of the casing 2 can be designed such that the casing 2 encloses the outer contour of the combustible material 3 essentially without gaps. However, it is also possible that the contour of the side wall 2.1 is smaller or larger than the contour of the combustible material 3, so that the side wall 2.1. The outer casing 2 is not visible, or a gap is provided between the inner contour of the side wall 2.1 and the flammable material 3. The casing 2 can therefore serve as a candle holder, for example in an Advent calendar. It then prevents wax from leaking out and acts as a burn stop for the wick 4.

[0107] Based on the representation in Figure 3 The following section will describe the individual steps of a first embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention for producing a candle.

[0108] First, in a provisioning step 101, the gelatin is provided in a sprayable form, for example as gelatin in aqueous solution or as a dispersion.

[0109] The gelatin is then sprayed in a spray step 102. A pressure nozzle, in particular a turbulence, flat jet, impact, or hollow cone pressure nozzle, is preferably used for spraying the gelatin. Alternatively, a two-fluid nozzle, which is operated, for example, with air as the carrier gas, can be used for spraying the gelatin.

[0110] In the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 3 An additive is sprayed together with the sprayable gelatin. In spray step 102, the gelatin and the additive are sprayed into a mold and cured in the mold to form a gelatin-containing composite material encompassing the additive. A polysaccharide, in particular cellulose and / or starch, is used as the additive.

[0111] When spraying the gelatin and the additive, the ambient air is tempered to a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 80 °C, preferably in the range of 50 °C to 80 °C, particularly preferably in the range of 60 °C to 70 °C, so that the hardening of the gelatin is accelerated.

[0112] In a resting phase 103 following the spraying step 102, the composite material containing the gelatin and the additive material is cured. Compared to a casting process, the resting phase 103 can be shorter in the spraying process according to the invention.

[0113] In the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 3 The tool shape is a negative form of a candle casing, so that the composite material is formed in the shape of a candle casing.

[0114] After the casing has hardened, a wick is inserted into the casing, see step 201.

[0115] Then, in a filling step 202, a combustible material, preferably in liquid or paste form, is filled into the casing. In a curing step 203 following the filling step, the combustible material cures. The casing can be cooled before, during, and / or after the filling of the combustible material to accelerate its curing.

[0116] With the in Figure 3 The manufacturing process shown will produce a candle consisting of a combustible material, a wick, and a casing in which the combustible material and wick are arranged. In use, the candle's wick is lit, and the combustible material inside the casing liquefies and burns gradually. The empty casing can then be composted.

[0117] Based on the representation in Figure 4The following section will describe the individual steps of a second embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention for producing a candle.

[0118] First, in a provisioning step 101, the gelatin is provided in a sprayable form, for example as gelatin in aqueous solution or as a dispersion.

[0119] Furthermore, a substrate consisting of an additive such as cellulose and / or starch is provided. The substrate is preferably a sheet-like or strip-like substrate, for example, a paper web or a film web.

[0120] In spray step 102, the sprayable gelatin is sprayed onto the substrate. The gelatin can, in particular, completely wet the surface of the substrate. Preferably, the gelatin penetrates the substrate.

[0121] In the subsequent resting phase 103, the gelatin hardens, resulting in a gelatin-containing composite material encompassing the additive. This composite material is plate-shaped, ribbon-shaped, or film-like and has gelatin as its matrix material.

[0122] In thermoforming step 104, the gelatin-containing composite material is thermoformed to form the shell. The gelatin-containing composite material can be heated and then formed into a die under pressure and / or vacuum. A punch can be used during the forming process to press the gelatin-containing composite material into the die. Steam can be added during and / or after the thermoforming process.

[0123] After thermoforming step 104, the candle casing is fitted with a wick (step 201) and then, in a filling step 202, at least partially, preferably only partially, filled with a flowable combustible material. The combustible material hardens in the deep-drawn casing (step 203). The casing can be cooled before, during, and / or after filling with the combustible material to accelerate its hardening.

[0124] With the in Figure 4 The manufacturing process shown yields a candle 1 comprising a combustible material 3, a wick 4, and a casing in which the combustible material 3 and the wick 4 are arranged. During use, the wick 4 of the candle 1 is lit, and the combustible material 3 liquefies within the casing 2 and burns successively. The empty casing 2 can then be composted.

[0125] Figures 5a and 5bFigure 1 shows a wick holder 7 connected to the wick 4. Preferably, the wick holder 7 is connected to the casing 2, for example, by adhesive. Preferably, the adhesive also comprises gelatin. Preferably, the wick holder 7 is made of the same material as the casing 2 and / or contains at least gelatin.

[0126] In the Figure 6 A third embodiment of a candle 1 produced according to the invention is shown. The candle 1 comprises a combustible material 3, for example wax, a wax-like material, or a technical wax mixture, in which a wick 4 is provided. The combustible material 3 and the wick 4 are arranged in a casing 2. The wick 4 is connected at one end to a wick holder 7. The wick holder is connected to the base of the casing 2 of the candle 1.

[0127] Candle 1 according to Figure 7 differs from the one in the Figure 6The candle shown is distinguished by the fact that it additionally has a lid 6 which closes the casing 2 at the top, the lid 6 having an opening for the wick 4. Such a candle preferably contains a liquid flammable material 3. To manufacture this candle 1, a method is preferably used in which the flammable material 3 is filled into the casing 2 and, after filling the flammable material 3, a lid 6 connected to the casing 2 is applied to the casing 2. The lid 6 is produced by providing gelatin in a sprayable form, spraying the sprayable gelatin, and allowing it to harden. In such a method, the casing 2 is first produced by spraying the sprayable gelatin into a mold. The casing 2 can then be hardened. Afterward, the wick 4, preferably a wick 4 connected to a wick holder 7, can be inserted into the casing 2.In a subsequent step, the flammable material, particularly liquid material, can be introduced into the shell 2 made of the gelatin-containing material. Then, the lid 6 can be applied to the shell by spraying gelatin in sprayable form onto the shell 2 and the flammable material, as described above. The lid 6 material can then be hardened to create an encapsulated candle 1 containing liquid flammable material 3.

[0128] Based on the representation in Figure 8 The following section will describe the individual steps of a third embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention for producing a candle.

[0129] First, the biopolymer preparation is provided in liquid form in a preparation step 301, for example as gelatin in aqueous solution or as a dispersion. Furthermore, a combustible material is provided in solid form in preparation step 301, for example a pressed combustible material. Preferably, the combustible material is already combined with a wick of the candle.

[0130] In a cooling step 302 following the preparation step 301, the combustible material is cooled, in particular by shock freezing. Preferably, the cooling is carried out by cold air blown towards the combustible material. This air preferably has a temperature in the range of 10 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range of 15 to 18 °C, for example 16 °C.

[0131] In immersion step 303, following cooling step 302, the flammable material is immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation. For this purpose, the flammable material can be held, for example, by the wick, which protrudes upwards from the flammable material. Alternatively, the flammable material can be held directly, for example, by a gripping device that grasps the flammable material, or by a vacuum suction device that draws the flammable material in by means of negative pressure.

[0132] After immersion step 303, the combustible material wetted with the biopolymer preparation is removed from the liquid biopolymer preparation and swirled in a swiveling step 304 to adjust the distribution of the biopolymer preparation on the outer contour of the combustible material.

[0133] After the pivoting step 304, the biopolymer preparation shell is dried in a drying step 305, in particular by blowing warm air through it. This warm air can have a temperature in the range of 20 to 30 °C, preferably 23 to 28 °C, for example 25 °C. The relative humidity of this air is preferably 40% to 60%, particularly preferably 45% to 55%, for example 51%. The drying can take place in a continuous drying unit, for example in a drying tunnel. Preferably, the solidified biopolymer composition is dried for a drying time in the range of 30 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably in the range of 45 minutes to 3 hours. Optionally, other drying processes can be used, for example inductive drying, drying with a heat lamp, or infrared radiation.

[0134] Based on the representation in Figure 9The following section will describe the individual steps of a fourth embodiment of the manufacturing process according to the invention for producing a candle.

[0135] First, the biopolymer preparation is provided in liquid form in a provisioning step 401, for example as gelatin in aqueous solution or as a dispersion.

[0136] In a cooling step 402 following the preparation step 401, a dipping body, for example made of a metal or a plastic, in particular a silicone, is cooled. The dipping body has an outer contour that corresponds to the inner contour of the material to be formed, here a candle casing. Preferably, the cooling is carried out by cold air, which is blown towards the combustible material. This air preferably has a temperature in the range of 10 to 20 °C, more preferably in the range of 15 to 18 °C, for example 16 °C.

[0137] In a dipping step 403 following the cooling step 402, the immersion body is immersed in the liquid biopolymer preparation.

[0138] After immersion step 403, the immersion body wetted with the biopolymer preparation is removed from the liquid biopolymer preparation, for example by a linear movement perpendicular to the surface of the liquid biopolymer preparation. In a pivoting step 404, the immersion body is pivoted to adjust the distribution of the biopolymer preparation on the outer contour of the combustible material. Here, the immersion body is pivoted from an immersion position in which a bottom region of the immersion body is directed downwards, to a first pivoting position in a first pivoting direction, wherein the immersion body in the first pivoting position is particularly preferably pivoted relative to the immersion position by an angle in the range of 10° to 60°, preferably 15° to 45°, and particularly preferably 20° to 40°.Particularly preferably, the immersion body is moved from the first pivot position to a second pivot position, preferably by a pivoting movement in a second pivot direction that is opposite to the first pivot direction. In the second pivot position, the immersion body is preferably pivoted by 180° relative to the immersion position. Therefore, in the second pivot position, the immersion body is oriented upwards. This allows for uniform wetting of the immersion body with a flat bottom area.

[0139] After the pivoting step 404, the biopolymer preparation shell is dried in a drying step 405, in particular by blowing warm air through it. This warm air can have a temperature in the range of 20 to 30 °C, preferably 23 to 28 °C, for example 25 °C. The relative humidity of this air is preferably 40% to 60%, particularly preferably 45% to 55%, for example 51%. The drying can take place in a continuous drying unit, for example in a drying tunnel. Preferably, the solidified biopolymer composition is dried for a drying time in the range of 30 minutes to 4 hours, more preferably in the range of 45 minutes to 3 hours. Optionally, other drying processes can be used, for example inductive drying, drying with a heat lamp, or infrared radiation.

[0140] After drying, a demolding step 406 follows, in which the cured shell made of the biopolymer preparation is detached from the immersion body. If the immersion body is made of metal, an ejection device can be used, which detaches the shell from the immersion body by moving an ejection element or by releasing a gas. For an immersion body made of plastic or silicone, the immersion body is preferably deformed for demolding. For example, the immersion body can have a deformable plastic shell, in particular a deformable silicone shell, and a cavity that is at least partially enclosed by the deformable plastic shell, in particular the deformable silicone shell. The immersion body, in particular the plastic shell or silicone shell, can be deformed in such a way that the cavity is reduced in size, at least in some areas.This facilitates the removal of the biopolymer preparation deposited, especially solidified, on the outer surface of the immersion body.

[0141] In a further cutting step 407, the candle casing can be cut at its open side to create a straight top edge. A wick is then inserted into the casing. Subsequently, a combustible material, preferably in liquid or paste form, is poured into the casing. The combustible material hardens. The casing can be cooled before, during, and / or after the filling of the combustible material to accelerate its hardening. Reference symbol list

[0142] 1 Candle 2 Plastic element 2.1 Side wall 2.2 Base area 3 Combustible material 4 Wick 6 Lid 7 Wick holder 101 Preparation step 102 Spraying step 103 Resting phase 104 Thermoforming step 201 Inserting the wick 202 Filling step 203 Curing step 301 Preparation step 302 Cooling step 303 Immersion step 304 Swivel step 305 Drying step 401 Preparation step 402 Cooling step 403 Immersion step 404 Tilting step 405 Drying step 406 Demolding step 407 Cutting step

Claims

1. Method for producing a material, in particular a composite material, containing biopolymer, characterized by the fact that A biopolymer preparation is provided in sprayable form, the sprayable biopolymer preparation is sprayed and cured.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that The biopolymer preparation is in the form of a liquid gelatin composition comprising ≤ 99 wt% gelatin hydrolysate.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that The liquid gelatin composition contains, as a further component, ≤ 20 wt.%, preferably ≤ 2 wt.%, citric acid.

4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that The liquid gelatin composition contains as a further component ≤ 2 wt.%, preferably ≤ 0.2 wt.% potassium sorbate.

5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized by the fact thatThe liquid gelatin composition has a pH value of 4-8, particularly preferably 4.5-5.5, determined in the original solution at 60°C.

6. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized by the fact that The liquid gelatin composition has a viscosity of 20-140 mPas, determined in the original solution at 60°C.

7. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that The ambient air is tempered to a temperature in the range of 25 °C to 80 °C, preferably in the range of 50 °C to 80 °C, particularly preferably in the range of 60 °C to 70 °C.

8. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact thatan additive is sprayed together with the sprayable biopolymer preparation, wherein the biopolymer preparation and the additive are sprayed into a tool mold, and wherein the biopolymer preparation is cured in the tool mold to form a material containing the additive and the biopolymer.

9. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that a substrate consisting of an additive is provided and the sprayable biopolymer preparation is sprayed onto the substrate, whereby the biopolymer preparation is cured on the substrate to form a gelatin-containing material comprising the additive.

10. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the substrate is plate-shaped or ribbon-shaped.

11. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the substrate is formed as a molded part.

12. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the additive comprises a polysaccharide, in particular cellulose and / or starch, preferably consists of a polysaccharide, in particular cellulose and / or starch.

13. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by the fact that the additive comprises fibers, preferably textile fibers and / or plant fibers, particularly preferably wood fibers and / or coconut fibers.

14. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that the additive contains sand grains, especially quartz sand grains, and / or crystals.

15. Method for producing a material containing biopolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact thatThe biopolymer is gelatin, polysaccharides, or a mixture comprising both components.

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