Method and system for assisting a user during athletic activity

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method (100) for assisting a user (10) in particular during an athletic activity (15), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the method (100) comprising: obtaining (110), using measurement means (30), cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during an athletic activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiologic system of the user (10); calculating (120), using a processor, a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the first cyclic performance data (20a); generating (130), using the processor, based on the cyclic performance data value (21), an assisting signal; outputting (140), using output means (40), the generated assisting signal to the user (10).

Description

[0001] Method and System for assisting a User during Athletic Activity

[0002] 1. Technical field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a computer-implemented method for assisting a user in particular during an athletic activity, such as a cyclic athletic activity like running. Further, the present disclosure relates to a respective data processing apparatus, a computer program, a sports garment for assisting a user and a system for assisting a user.

[0004] 2. Prior art

[0005] Nowadays, athletic activities such as running, hiking, climbing or the like are becoming more and more attractive as they have the potential to increase physical fitness, have health benefits, or allow to compete against one another. For instance, many people are attracted to athletic activities because they offer opportunities for improving physical fitness and overall health. Engaging in sports or physical exercise can help build strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular health, promoting a sense of well-being and vitality. Also, competitive aspects of athletics can be appealing to those who enjoy measuring their abilities against others.

[0006] Performing such athletic activities can be improved, when the affective state of the athlete is improved.

[0007] Many known solutions in this context, such as smartphone applications, provide training plans to start a running routine, enhance performance or train for a race. Most of these smartphone applications are limited in that they solely consider physiological or motor aspects of the athlete. These plans are targeted to improve the physical ability of the athlete or to get better in one or more sports competitions.

[0008] While such known solutions claim an improvement over the known prior art thus far, the proposed solutions still have some deficiencies when it comes to assisting an athlete in an improved manner, in particular during an athletic activity. Further, the proposed solutions still do not lead to optimum results when well-being and vitality of the athlete is to be increased. Thus, there is still room for improvement.

[0009] Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method that overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art at least partially. It should be possible for a person engaging in an athletic activity that a joyful and pleasant experience is provided so as to motivate the person in doing such an activity. Further, it should be possible to increase well-being and vitality. In general, the affective state of the person should be improved, in particular during an athletic activity. Summary of the invention

[0010] The above-mentioned objects are at least partially achieved by the subjectmatter of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims, and other suitable aspects of the present invention are described through the overall disclosure of the present application.

[0011] In one aspect, the objects are solved by a computer-implemented method for assisting a user in particular during an athletic activity, such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the method comprising: obtaining, using measurement means, cyclic performance data associated with the user during an athletic activity, wherein the cyclic performance data comprises first cyclic performance data associated with a first physiologic system of the user; calculating, using a processor, a cyclic performance data value based on the first cyclic performance data; generating, using the processor, based on the cyclic performance data value, an assisting signal; outputting, using output means, the generated assisting signal to the user.

[0012] In this manner, the method has the advantage that a positive affect of the user can be induced. For instance, it has been found that the assisting signal configured such that the user may feel a greater joy and happiness in general and in particular during the athletic activity. Further, the user maybe more motivated to engage in an athletic activity. Moreover, the method may enhance vitality and the well-being of the user in general and particularly dur- ing the athletic activity. Notably, the method not only considers physiological aspects but also takes into account psychological factors, providing a combination of benefits to the user.

[0013] A cyclic athletic activity may be any physical exercise or sport that involves repetitive movements in a substantially cyclical pattern. In these activities, athletes or participants may perform continuous and / or rhythmic motions in a repetitive manner. It may often involve the use of large muscle groups. The cyclic nature of these activities may mean that the movements are repeated in a substantially continuous loop. In some examples, the movements may form a cycle. A cyclic athletic activity may involve repetitive and continuous motions for cardiovascular workouts and endurance training. In an exemplary and non-exhaustive list, cyclic athletic activities may comprise one or more of the following: running, cycling, swimming, rowing, cross-country skiing, jump rope, and elliptical training.

[0014] Obtaining, using measurement means, may comprise using one or more sensors as described elsewhere herein.

[0015] The first physiologic system (and / or the second physiologic system) of the user, may be any suitable physiologic system of the user useful for the calculation and the generation of the assisting signal. In general, various physiologic systems and / or sub-system pertain in a user’s body. There may be various performance data that can describe these systems and / or sub-systems. As an example for data associated with a physiologic system the following may be mentioned: movement data, such as step data and / or stride data, and breathing data. Further physiologic systems and respective data are encompassed by the present disclosure as described elsewhere herein.

[0016] Calculating a cyclic performance data value may comprise one or more mathematical operations using the first cyclic performance data. The calculated cyclic performance data value and the correspondingly generated assisting signal based thereon may be particularly beneficial for the user for improving the affective state, vitality and / or well-being in general and in particular during the athletic activity. When the assisting signal is outputted to the user, the user may be able to adapt one or more actions so as to correspond to this assisting signal. The assisting signal may assist the user in performing the athletic activity. In turn, this allows to improve various aspects associated with the user in particular during the athletic activity. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, the cyclic performance data value may comprise movement data (such as step data) or the like and generating the assisting signal based thereon may comprise generating the assisting signal using further data such as predefined breathing data (e.g., a number of steps per breath). The assisting signal may indicate the user to adapt breathing and / or running according to the received assisting signal such that the targeted number of steps per breath are achieved eventually.

[0017] The computer-implemented method referred to herein may have various fields of applications and use cases, including but not limited to athletic activities. Whenever reference is made herein to an “athletic activity” and / or “athletic activities”, this may be understood such that it encompasses one or more and / or any combination of at least the following non-exhaustive list: athletic exercises, running, hiking, climbing, walking, cycling, yoga, soccer, tennis, doing a workout.

[0018] Whenever the term “during an athletic activity” is used herein, it is not the intention to strictly include actions merely performed during said athletic activity. It may well be the case that the method encompasses actions performed in a time period before and / or after the athletic activity.

[0019] As used herein, the term “user” may refer to a human being. The term may substantially mean the same as the term “individual” and can thus be used synonymously.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data further comprises second cyclic performance data associated with a second physiologic system of the user, wherein calculating the cyclic performance data value is further based on the second cyclic performance data, and wherein the method further comprises: comparing, using the processor, the cyclic performance data value with a target value, the target value being associated with the first physiologic system of the user and the second physiologic system of the user, wherein generating the assisting signal is further based on the comparison.

[0021] This has the advantage that two different physiologic systems of the user enrich the data obtained by way of the method and that data from these two different physiologic systems can be employed to generate the assisting signal. The two different physiologic systems and / or particularly the second physiologic system may be any one as described elsewhere herein in greater detail.

[0022] The target value may be set so as to correspond to a value which is known or at least believed to be advantageous for the user in terms of a psychophysio- logical aspect. For instance, the target value may be set with the purpose to create a joyful and vital experience to the user. In addition, the target value may serve to enhance well-being and vitality of the user. It may particularly support the affective state of the user during the athletic activity.

[0023] Comparing may comprise identifying whether the cyclic performance data value is greater, smaller, or equal than the target value. In this manner, the generated assisting signal may be understood as a means for improving the coupling of different physiologic systems of the user. Without wishing to be bound by theory, such coupling of physiologic systems, e.g., coupling of body rhythms, is believed to be beneficial in cyclic athletic activities, like running, cycling, or the like.

[0024] While most of the prior art solutions are limited to increasing performance alone, the present disclosure has the added benefit of including psychological aspects in order to increase well-being and / or vitality by means of a holistic approach.

[0025] The step of comparing and the step of generating the assisting signal based on the comparison may be understood as a synchronization, entrainment, or correlation.

[0026] The term “entrainment” may refer to the synchronization or alignment of rhythmic patterns or cycles between two or more entities. It may be understood as a phenomenon that may occur when natural rhythms or oscillations of different systems become coordinated and / or harmonized.

[0027] The step of comparing and the step of generating the assisting signal based on the comparison may facilitate an event alignment. For instance, the assisting signal generated in this manner may indicate the user to perform an action of one physiologic system, such as to perform breathing, at substantially an instant of time when the user performs an action of a different physiologic system, e.g., when the user performs a step. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that stepping substantially at the time of inhalation / exhalation might confer metabolic and neuromuscular benefits by lower diaphragmatic work. Diaphragmatic work may refer to the action and / or effort exerted by the diaphragm, which may be the primary muscle responsible for breathing. The diaphragm may be a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs and may play a dominant role in the breathing process.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the first cyclic performance data is movement data, such as step data and / or stride data, and the second cyclic performance data is breathing data, wherein the breathing data preferably comprises a breathing rate, a breathing phase, such as inhale or exhale, wherein the step data preferably comprises a step rate, and wherein the stride data comprises a stride rate.

[0029] This has the advantage that breathing data can be substantially coupled with moving data. Such coupling may be understood as “locomotor-respiratory coupling” (LRC), as described elsewhere herein.

[0030] The term “step” in running may refer to the act of taking a single forward movement with one foot. A step may be the basic unit of locomotion and is completed when the opposite foot touches the ground. The term “stride” may refer to a complete sequence of movements taken by both feet from one footfall of the same foot to the next footfall of that same foot. It may include two steps: one taken by the left foot, and one taken by the right foot. In other words, a stride may encompass the distance covered by both feet during one complete gait cycle. “Stride length” describes the distance covered in a single stride, typically measured from the point of initial contact of one foot to the point of initial contact of the same foot in the subsequent step. It is often used to measure running performance. Stride length may vary depending on factors such as running speed, leg length, and running technique. The term “rate” expresses a dependency on time. For instance, a step rate refers to the number of steps performed in a certain period of time. Likewise, stride rate refers to a number of strides performed in a certain period of time.

[0031] Compared to many other physiologic systems, the breathing system has the advantage that it is a great estimate of perceived exertion and that it can also be actively controlled to some extent by the user. Breathing data and / or pattern refers to the temporal and mechanical characteristics of inhalation and exhalation to achieve respiration. Respiration (gas exchange) maintains biochemical homeostasis primarily via centers in the brainstem. Breathing data may include the breathing rate (i.e., respiratory frequency measured in breaths per minute [bpm]) of the user during the athletic activity, the current breath phase, and / or specific breathing event (i.e., flow reversal). Flow reversal refers to the moment of switching from inhale to exhale or from exhale to inhale. In addition to comprising inhale and / or exhale phases the breathing phase may comprise pauses (e.g., post-inhale or post-exhale). Hence, four possible breathing phases may be encompassed by the breathing phase data. Stretch sensors and / or pressure sensors may be useful devices for measuring such data during an athletic activity as described elsewhere herein.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data value is a cyclic performance ratio of the first cyclic performance data and the second cyclic performance data, preferably a cyclic performance ratio of the step and breathing rate or a ratio of the stride and the breathing rate.

[0033] The cyclic performance ratio has the advantage of setting the first and the second cyclic performance data in relation to one another. The cyclic performance ratio may be calculated by dividing the first cyclic performance data by the second cyclic performance data. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, the cyclic performance ratio may be calculated by the ratio of the step rate and breathing rate. For example, running at an average step rate of about 160 steps per minute (i.e., about 8o strides per minute) and at a breathing rate of about 40 breaths per minute (bpm) would result in 160 divided by 40 equaling 4 steps per breath.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance ratio is a cyclic performance ratio of steps per inhale and steps per exhale, or steps per exhale and steps per inhale.

[0035] The cyclic performance ratio according to this embodiment has the additional benefit that it comprises more details of the breathing phase. It is beneficial to separate the breathing data into a phase of inhaling and into a phase of exhaling. It has been found that using a whole-integer ratio maybe beneficial in enhancing the vitality and well-being of a user.

[0036] As an illustrative and non-limiting example, a user may perform an athletic activity, e.g., a user may run with a cyclic performance ratio of 3:4, indicating 3 steps per inhale and 4 steps per exhale. This is equal to 7 steps per breath.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance ratio X : Y of steps per inhale X and steps per exhale Y, or the ratio Y : X of steps per exhale Y and steps per inhale X is any combination of X being a floating point number between 1 and 10 and Y being a floating point number between 1 and 10.

[0038] This has the advantage that any desirable combination of X and Y can be calculated by way of the computer-implemented method. By virtue of the floating point numbers, substantially any combination of X and Y that the user currently performs can be determined and substantially no information may be lost.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, generating the assisting signal comprises aligning the assisting signal to a closest integer ratio of the cyclic performance ratio, preferably to a closest ratio X : Y of steps per inhale X and steps per exhale Y, such as 2:2, 2:3, 313, 3:4, 3:4, 4:4.

[0040] With this embodiment, the method may provide for an assisting signal that automatically aligns with a specific integer ratio of the cyclic performance ratio. For example, if the user has a step rate of 160 steps per minute and a breathing rate of 35 breaths per minute (bpm), the calculated cyclic performance ratio may be 160 divided by 33 equaling 4.8 steps per breath. The closest integer would be 5 steps per breath. Hence, the assisting signal may align to a ratio X : Y of 2:3 or a ratio X : Y of 3:2. In this manner, the user may perform two steps per inhale X and three steps per exhale Y or 3 steps per inhale X and two steps per exhale Y.

[0041] In one example, this embodiment may be referred to as a feedback mode as described elsewhere in greater detail. It is appreciated that a target value may not be mandatory in such a mode, as the assisting signal is set to be close to the measured cyclic performance ratio. However, a target value may well be comprised and employed even in such a feedback mode according to the computer-implemented method described herein.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the target value is a target ratio (pX : pY) of steps per inhale (pX) and steps per exhale (pY), or a target ratio (pY : pX) of steps per exhale (pY) and steps per inhale (pX), wherein pX is an integer between i and io and pY is an integer between i and io.

[0043] This has the advantage that the target value may be a target ratio, which provides a joyful and vital experience for the user in particular during an athletic activity. In addition, the target value may be a target ratio, which enhances well-being and vitality of the user.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, generating the assisting signal comprises aligning the assisting signal with the target ratio.

[0045] When the assisting signal is aligned with the target ratio, this has the benefit that the user can adapt one or more actions so as to correspond to the assisting signal when received. Such alignment may provide substantial psychophysiological advantages, which can motivate the user to perform an athletic activity and / or which can increase self-awareness and confidence during an athletic activity. Without wishing to be bound by theory, this is believed to be caused by psychophysiological aspects.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assisting signal is configured to indicate the user to change an action of the athletic activity when the cyclic performance ratio is different than the target ratio, and / or wherein the assisting signal is configured to indicate the user to maintain an action of the athletic activity when the cyclic performance ratio corresponds substantially to the target ratio.

[0047] Changing an action may comprise varying any action that a user usually performs during an athletic activity. For instance, it may comprise varying a movement, breathing or the like. This has the advantage that the cyclic performance ratio calculated based on the data obtained by the user may be substantially the same as the target ratio (at least after a change in action of the user). In this manner, the user particularly benefits from an overall better affective state during the athletic activity due to psychophysiological reasons.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the target ratio is based on past performance data of the user, an average of past performance data of a period of time, past performance data of a plurality of users, an average of past performance data of a period of time of a plurality of users, and / or information of the user, such as age, weight, gender.

[0049] It is beneficial to include various data in finding an optimum target ratio as described herein. As understood, an optimum target ratio may depend on various factors including but not limited to the age, weight, gender, daily habits, or the like. In addition, it may depend on the desired outcome of the user, e.g., a user aiming to become a mindful runner may have a different optimum target ratio than an elite marathon runner and / or a cyclist aiming to stay healthy or the like. Past performance data of the user may have the advantage to detect patterns or the like, which are particularly suitable in enhancing the affective state of the user during an athletic activity.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assisting signal is configured to indicate the user to change or maintain an action associated with the first physiologic system and / or an action associated with the second physiologic system.

[0051] This has the advantage that the experience of the user maybe enhanced by virtue of changing or maintaining a corresponding action. In the case of running, it may support pacing strategies, economy, and / or positive psychological states.

[0052] As understood, changing or maintaining an action associated with the first physiologic system may comprise changing or maintaining step rate or the like. Further, changing or maintaining an action associated with the second physiologic system may comprise changing or maintaining a breathing rate or the like.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, aligning is performed after a time delay, preferably a time delay of least i min, preferably at least 2 min, preferably at least 3 min, preferably at least 4 min, preferably at least 5 min, preferably at least 6 min, preferably at least 8 min, preferably at least 10 min, and / or after a time delay of at most 30 min, preferably of at most 25 min, preferably of at most 20 min, preferably of at most 18 min, preferably of at most 16 min, preferably of at most 14 min, preferably of at most 12 min, preferably of at most 10 min.

[0054] The inclusion of a time delay may have the advantage that a specific pacing may be achieved. Additionally or alternatively, perceptual benefits for the user may be achieved thereby. In some examples, it may be of importance to wait for some time until the user may feel comfortable to adapt to the assisting signal. This advantage is provided by the time delay described in this preferred embodiment.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the method comprises varying the target value in a predefined pattern, and comparing preferably comprises comparing the cyclic performance data value with the varied target value.

[0056] This has the added benefit that a variation of the target value is provided such that the method may indicate the user to vary one or more actions over the course of the athletic activity. As understood, this may have the advantage that the user becomes even more aware of the athletic activity. Further, the optimum target value for a user may change over the course of the athletic activity. This can be properly reflected by such a variation of the target value.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assisting signal is configured to correlate the first cyclic performance data and the second cyclic performance data by means of locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC).

[0058] The term LRC may be used to refer to the synchronization and / or coordination between a user’s pattern (e.g., respiration) and their movements (e.g., locomotion), for instance during the athletic activity. By way of such a coupling, the user’s body may tend to coordinate breathing with the rhythm of movement. This may have an added benefit in optimizing energy expenditure and / or efficiency. At the same time, this may provide a joyful and / or vital experience in particular during an athletic activity. Further, it may increase well-being and / or vitality of the user. Usually, such coupling is far from being perfectly matched during an athletic activity as the prior art lacks any of such assistance. In addition, such coupling is influenced by various factors such as exercise intensity, fitness level, and / or individual preferences of the user. By way of the method disclosed herein, said coupling can be improved so as to correspond to values known to be beneficial for the user. By way of the comparison and the generated assisting signal, the user may thus be able to adapt their locomotor-respiratory coupling over time, e.g., over the course of the athletic activity. This may additionally improve performance, and / or may additionally reduce the risk of fatigue and / or overexertion.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the method further comprises: performing a reflecting step for collecting information of the user of the athletic activity; performing a tracking step for collecting further information of the user; generating, using the processor, based on the information of the user of the athletic activity and the further information of the user, a guiding signal; outputting, using output means, the generated guiding signal to the user.

[0060] This has the advantage that the well-being, volition, and / or vitality of the user in general may be increased. For instance, the guiding signal may indicate that the user starts an athletic activity. Subsequently, the user may feel confident about it. This has an additional educational benefit for the user. Additionally or alternatively, the user may feel competent in doing an athletic activity that is planned for the future. The user may also learn about changes, such as mental and / or physiological changes through the course of an athletic activity. This may increase the user’s awareness. Moreover, the user may develop a routine in doing an athletic activity. In this manner, selfcontrol and / or self-regulation of the user is improved. Further, with this embodiment, the user may be guided towards starting, building and / or maintaining a routine in performing an athletic activity with the goal of increased well-being. The term “volition” addresses the capacity of users to make deliberate and purposeful actions based on their own desires, intentions, and beliefs. Volition covers self-regulatory functions that enable the initiation and maintenance of a goal, even when obstacles and barriers occur.

[0061] Performing a “reflecting step” may comprise any evaluation of the athletic activity performed by the user. For instance, the reflecting step may comprise performing a questionnaire or the like. In such an example, the user may answer one or more questions regarding vitality and / or fatigue or the like. Reflecting on an athletic activity has an overall positive effect to the user, as the user’s awareness of the athletic activity can be increased.

[0062] Performing a “tracking step” may comprise performing a measurement of the heart rate. Further, it may comprise performing a measurement of a resting heart rate variability (resting HRV) of the user. The resting HRV of the user may be measured at any time of the day, however, measuring the resting HRV in the morning may be advantageous. Performing a tracking step may generally comprise any means of tracking of any daily life activity. Further, said tracking step maybe implemented by means of an activity tracker, a smartphone tracker, an inertial measurement unit, or the like. Performing a tracking step may additionally or alternatively comprise tracking a menstrual cycle if applicable. Performing a tracking step may additionally or alternatively comprise conducting a daily diary, in which perceived well-being, vitality, and / or fatigue is noted.

[0063] The resting heart rate variability (resting HRV) refers to the naturally occurring fluctuations in the time interval between successive heartbeats while a user is substantially at rest. In simpler terms, it may be the variation in the time duration between consecutive heartbeats when a user is not engaged in any physical and / or mental activities.

[0064] A higher resting HRV may indicate that intervals between heartbeats are more variable, while a lower resting HRV may indicate that the intervals are more consistent or uniform. Resting HRV may be an essential marker of the user’s body’s autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. The ANS maybe responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and more. A higher HRV may generally be associated with better autonomic nervous system functioning and overall health, while a lower HRV may indicate increased stress, fatigue, and / or potential health issues. Monitoring resting HRV may provide valuable insights into a user’s overall well-being, stress levels, and physiological resilience. It may also help healthcare professionals assess the effectiveness of certain treatments or interventions and may guide users in adopting lifestyle changes in order to improve their health and manage stress effectively.

[0065] In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the objects are solved by a computer-implemented method for assisting a user in particular for increasing the user’s well-being, for increasing the user’s vitality, and / or for improving one or more of the user’s psychophysiological states, the method comprising: performing a reflecting step for collecting information of the user, such as information of the user of an athletic activity; performing a tracking step for collecting further information of the user; generating, using a processor, based on the information of the user of the athletic activity and the further information of the user, a guiding signal; outputting, using output means, the generated guiding signal to the user.

[0066] The above computer-implemented method for assisting a user in particular for increasing the user’s well-being, for increasing the user’s vitality, and / or for improving one or more of the user’s psychophysiological states may comprise any one or more of the computer-implemented method steps described elsewhere herein.

[0067] The assessment of (a) “psychophysiological state(s)” refer to the condition or state of an individual that results from the interaction between psychological processes (e.g., thoughts, emotions, and / or mental states) and physiological responses (e.g., bodily functions and / or changes). It represents the interconnectedness of psychological and physiological aspects of an individual’s experience. Emotions, thoughts, and / or mental states may influence physiological responses, and vice versa. For example, when an individual experiences fear and / or anxiety, the heart rate might increase, palms may become sweaty, and / or the individual may feel a sense of alertness. Conversely, physical changes in the body, such as an increase in stress hormones, may affect an individual’s emotional and cognitive functioning. Psychophysiological states play a significant role in how an individual may respond to different situations, cope with stress, and / or experience overall well-being. These states may be studied and / or measured by various methods, such as biofeedback and / or by using various physiological sensors to monitor bodily changes. Psychophysiological states maybe particularly important in fields such as sports and / or performance enhancement. Psychophysiological states may be helpful in identifying patterns and / or connections between psychological experiences and physiological responses. It may lead to more effective interventions and / or treatments for various emotional and physical conditions.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the guiding signal is configured to indicate the user to start an athletic activity.

[0069] This enhances the advantages mentioned elsewhere herein in that the wellbeing and / or vitality of the user can be increased. The guiding signal may additionally or alternatively be accompanied by a notification sent to the user. In one example, the guiding signal may be a notification sent to the user. The notification sent to the user may be in some instances be termed a “nudge”. The notification sent to the user may indicate the user to perform an action. The notification may be targeted so as to indicate the user at certain times to perform an action or to give guidance. These “certain times” may be adapted to motivate the user to perform an athletic activity. This may cause the user to perform an athletic activity at a time which is found to be particularly useful in increasing well-being and / or vitality of the user in a long-term perspective. For instance, the notification may aid the user in overcoming barriers. The notification may comprise situational cues.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the guiding signal is configured to indicate the user to start an athletic activity when the further information of the user corresponds to further information collected in the past before performing an athletic activity.

[0071] This enhances the advantages mentioned elsewhere herein in that the wellbeing and / or the vitality of the user can be increased. It is particularly advantageous when the user performs an athletic activity based on past experience, which has been identified to increase the well-being and / or the vitality of the user. In this manner, the computer-implemented method may be adapted so as to recognize such re-occurring situations to increases self- awareness of the user. In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the assisting signal and / or the guiding signal is an audio signal and / or a visual signal, wherein the assisting signal is preferably an audio signal, wherein the audio signal preferably comprises one or more of a single tone, a stretched tone, a morphed soundscape, a music track.

[0072] This has the advantage that the assisting signal and / or the guiding signal are easily perceived by the user. During an athletic activity, an audio signal maybe less intellectual challenging by a user and can be recognized more easily compared to a visual signal. However, when not performing an athletic activity, visual signals may be more easily recognized and may thus be more appreciated by a user.

[0073] The audio signal may in general be any electrical representation of sound that can be transmitted, recorded, and / or processed. Some further examples of audio signals that are fully compatible with the present disclosure are speech, sound effects, environmental sounds, radio broadcasts, podcasts, audio books, phone calls, musical instruments, white noise or the like. A morphed soundscape may refer to an audio composition or recording created by blending and transforming various sounds, typically from different sources or environments, to create a seamless and immersive auditory experience that evolves and changes over time.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data is obtained by means of one or more of a stretch sensor, a pressure sensor, a volumetric sensor.

[0075] This has the benefit of obtaining the cyclic performance data in an easy and efficient manner. In particular, such sensor are well recognized by users and can be easily implemented nowadays. These sensors are particularly advantageous in obtaining the second cyclic performance data, such as breathing data.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment of the computer-implemented method of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data is obtained by means of one or more of an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor.

[0077] This has the advantage that the cyclic performance data can be obtained in an easy and efficient manner. In particular, such sensor are well recognized by user and can be easily implemented nowadays. These sensors are particularly advantageous in obtaining the first cyclic performance data, such as step data and / or stride data.

[0078] In a further aspect, the objects are solved by a data processing apparatus comprising means for carrying out the computer-implemented method as described herein.

[0079] In a further aspect, the objects are solved by a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out one or more method steps of the computer-implemented method as described herein.

[0080] It is noted that the processor, the data processing apparatus, and computer program as described herein may include all aspects and / or embodiments described herein, even if not expressly described as means associated with the processor, the data processing apparatus, and computer program but rather with reference to the computer-implemented method as described elsewhere herein. Hence, it goes without saying that the technical properties shown or described for the computer-implemented method, the advantages and the improvements over the state of the art are likewise applicable to the processor, the data processing apparatus, and computer program.

[0081] In a further aspect, the objects are solved by a sports garment for assisting a user in particular during an athletic activity, such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the garment comprising: measurement means for obtaining cyclic performance data associated with the user during an athletic activity, wherein the cyclic performance data comprises first cyclic performance data associated with a first physiologic system of the user; processing means for calculating a cyclic performance data value based on the first cyclic performance data, and for generating, based on the cyclic performance data value, an assisting signal; and output means for outputting the generated assisting signal to the user.

[0082] It is noted that the features and advantages described with reference to the method steps of the computer-implemented method and with reference to the system elsewhere herein may equally be applicable to the sports garment, even when not expressly described as such. Same applies vice versa. In a preferred embodiment of the sports garment of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data further comprises second cyclic performance data associated with a second physiologic system of the user, wherein calculating the cyclic performance data value is further based on the second cyclic performance data, and wherein the processing means is further configured to compare the cyclic performance data value with a target value, the target value being associated with the first physiologic system of the user and a second physiologic system of the user different than the first physiologic system, wherein generating the assisting signal is further based on the comparison.

[0083] The respective advantages described with reference to the computer-implemented method are equally applicable to the sports garment according to the foregoing preferred embodiment.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the sports garment of the present disclosure, the sports garment is a bra, shirt, a pants, or the like.

[0085] In a further aspect, the objects are solved by a system for assisting a user in particular during an athletic activity, such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the system comprising: measurement means for obtaining cyclic performance data associated with the user during an athletic activity, wherein the cyclic performance data comprises first cyclic performance data associated with a first physiologic system of the user, the measurement means being attachable to a sports garment and / or being an integral part of the sports garment; an apparatus, in particular an electronic pod, for calculating a cyclic performance data value based on the first cyclic performance data, and for generating, based on the cyclic performance data value, an assisting signal, the apparatus being attachable to the garment; output means for outputting the generated assisting signal to the user.

[0086] It is noted that the features and advantages described with reference to the method steps of the computer-implemented method elsewhere herein may equally be applicable to the system, even when not expressly described as such. Same applies vice versa.

[0087] The measurement means may be implemented by way of one or more sensors described elsewhere herein. It is understood that some measurement means may not be attachable like breathing sensors. The apparatus, in particular the electronic pod may be attachable to the garment by means of connectors. In one example, it is preferred not to wash the apparatus in order to increase longevity thereof. The apparatus may enable recording of breathing data, e.g., from sensors, and of movement data, also from sensors. In one example, real-time sonification of breathing data and movement data may be provided. The apparatus may provide an assisting signal to the user byway of an audio representation, e.g., for inhaling and exhaling, for foot strike events, for breathing rate or the like. The apparatus may be configured to provide playing feedback to achieve specific rates for breathing and / or movement (e.g., running.) For instance, a specific sound may be played to assist the user to adapt a breathing and / or foot striking pattern. The apparatus may be configured to provide instructions for breathing exercises during performing an athletic activity, before, afterwards, and / or when the user is in rest. The apparatus may be configured to record workout statistics. The apparatus may be configured to be directly connected to output means, such as headphones, in particular wireless headphones, such as Bluetooth headphones. The apparatus may be configured to be connected to a smartphone and / or a smart watch, preferably wirelessly, such as via Bluetooth. Such connection may be provided on initiative from the smartphone and / or smart watch.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present disclosure, the cyclic performance data further comprises second cyclic performance data associated with a second physiologic system of the user, wherein calculating the cyclic performance data value is further based on the second cyclic performance data, and wherein the apparatus is further configured to compare the cyclic performance data value with a target value, the target value being associated with the first physiologic system of the user and a second physiologic system of the user different than the first physiologic system, wherein generating the assisting signal is further based on the comparison.

[0089] The respective advantages described with reference to the computer-implemented method are equally applicable to the system.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present disclosure, the output means is audio output means, such as headphones, for outputting the signal; and the system preferably further comprising a program, such as a smartphone application or a smartwatch application for downloading workouts from the apparatus.

[0091] The program, such as the smartphone application maybe configured to set up a connection between the apparatus, in particular the electronics pod and the output means. The program, such as the smartphone application may be configured to download workout statistics from the apparatus. The program, such as the smartphone application maybe configured to provide user account access. The program, such as the smartphone application maybe implemented on a smart device. The program, such as the smartphone application may be configured to display training diary and / or training advice(s) in the form of one or more diagrams, graphics, or the like. The program, such as the smartphone application may be configured to connect to other data sources of the smartphone (e.g., activity tracking) and / or other apps of the smartphone.

[0092] It is noted that the term “substantially” as used herein may be used to include minor tolerances and / or variations. Hence, any values or arrangements described by using this term may slightly deviate from the described values or arrangements. Brief description of the figures

[0093] In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures:

[0094] Fig. 1: shows an exemplary flow chart of a computer-implemented method for assisting a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0095] Fig. 2: shows an exemplary sports garment and system for assisting a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0096] Fig. 3: shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method for assisting a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0097] Fig. 4: shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method for assisting a user and in particular for increasing the user’s wellbeing, for increasing the user’s vitality, and / or for improving one or more of the user’s psychophysiological states according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

[0098] In the following only some possible embodiments of the invention are described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and a multitude of other embodiments are applicable without departing from the scope of the invention. The presented embodiments can be modified in a number of ways and combined with each other whenever compatible and certain features may be omitted in so far as they appear dispensable. In particular, the disclosed embodiments may be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment.

[0099] It is to be understood that not all features of the described aspects / embodiments have to be present for realizing the technical advantages provided by the present disclosure, which is defined by the subject-matter of the claims. The disclosed aspects / embodiments may be modified by combining certain features of one aspect / embodiment with one or more features of another aspect / embodiment. Specifically, the skilled person will understand that features, and / or functional elements of one aspect / embodiment can be combined with technically compatible features, and / or functional elements of any other aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure given that the resulting combination falls within the definition of the present disclosure.

[0100] Throughout the present figures and specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements. For the sake of clarity and conciseness, certain aspects of components or steps of certain embodiments are presented without undue detail where such detail would be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein and / or where such detail would obfuscate an understanding of more pertinent aspects of the embodiments.

[0101] The terms “one end”, “the other end”, “outer side”, “upper”, “above”, “inner side”, “under”, “below”, “horizontal”, “coaxial”, “central”, “end” “part”, “length”, “outer end” etc., which indicate the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. The terms “upper”, “above”, “below”, “under” and the like as used in the present invention to indicate a relative position in space are used for the purpose of facilitating explanation to describe a user, sports garment, element, part, object and / or feature shown in the drawings relative to the relationship of another user, sports garment, element, part, object and / or feature.

[0102] The described method steps, components, modules, functions and / or functional elements of the apparatuses, devices and systems disclosed herein can be implemented in hardware, in software, or a combination thereof. For instance, the described method steps, components, modules, functions and / or functional elements of the apparatuses, devices and systems disclosed herein may be implemented via application specific hardware components such as application specific integrated circuits, ASICs, and / or field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs, and / or similar components and / or application specific software modules, applications, or subroutines being executed on multi-purpose data and signal processing circuitiy such as CPUs, DSPs and / or systems on a chip (SOCs) or similar components or any combination thereof. For instance, the various method steps, components, modules, functions and / or functional elements, etc. described herein may be implemented on a multi-purpose data and signal processing device configured for executing application specific software modules and for communicating with various sensor devices and / or systems via conventional wireless communication interfaces such as a Near Field Communication (NFC), optical telemetry, a WIFI and / or a Bluetooth interface. For example, aspects of the computer-implemented method described herein may be implemented on a smart phone or a tablet computer or a similar computing device. Alternatively, the various method steps, components, modules, functions and / or functional elements described herein may also be part of an integrated device, apparatus, or system.

[0103] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary flow chart of a computer-implemented method too for assisting a user io according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It is understood that all features and advantages described with reference to this figure are also applicable to the sports garment 1000 and the system 2000 for assisting a user as described elsewhere herein.

[0104] The computer-implemented method too is configured to assist a user in particular during an athletic activity 15 (as best seen in Fig. 4), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running. The computer-implemented method 100 comprises: obtaining no, using measurement means 30 (as best seen in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3), cyclic performance data 20 (as best seen in Fig. 3) associated with the user 10 during an athletic activity 15, wherein the cyclic performance data 20 comprises first cyclic performance data 20a associated with a first physiologic system of the user 10. The computer-implemented method 100 further comprises calculating 120, using a processor, a cyclic performance data value 21 (as best seen in Fig. 3) based on the first cyclic performance data 20a. The computer-implemented method 100 further comprises generating 130, using the processor, based on the cyclic performance data value 21, an assisting signal. The computer-implemented method 100 further comprises outputting 140, using output means 40 (as best seen in Fig. 2), the generated assisting signal to the user 10.

[0105] The cyclic performance data 20 may further comprises second cyclic performance data 20b associated with a second physiologic system of the user 10. Moreover, calculating 120 the cyclic performance data value 21 maybe further based on the second cyclic performance data 20b, and the computer- implemented method too may further comprise comparing 125 (indicated by way of a dashed box in Fig. 1 to demonstrate that it is an optional step), using the processor, the cyclic performance data value 21 with a target value, the target value being associated with the first physiologic system of the user 10 and the second physiologic system of the user 10. Further, generating 130 the assisting signal may be further based on the comparison 125.

[0106] Fig. 2 shows an exemplaiy sports garment 1000 and a system 2000 for assisting a user 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0107] The sports garment 1000 is configured to assist a user 10 in particular during an athletic activity 15 (as best seen in Fig. 4), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the sports garment 1000 comprises measurement means 30 for obtaining cyclic performance data 20 associated with the user 10 during an athletic activity 15. The cyclic performance data 20 comprises first cyclic performance data 20a associated with a first physiologic system of the user 10. The sports garment 1000 further comprises processing means 60 for calculating a cyclic performance data value 21 based on the first cyclic performance data 20a. The processing means 60 is further configured to generate, based on the cyclic performance data value 21, an assisting signal. The sports garment 1000 further comprises output means 40 for outputting the generated assisting signal to the user 10.

[0108] Although the sports garment 1000 is named with a preceding “sports”, this in no way implies and in no way limits that the sports garment 1000 may only be worn by a user 10 when the user is engaged in a sporting activity 15. Rather, the sports garment 1000 may be worn during any kind of activity and / or during any occasion of daily life. In one example, the sports garment 1000 may be a bra, a shirt, pants, or the like. Further non-limiting examples of a sports garment 1000 include tennis skirts, golf polo shirts, cycling jerseys, yoga pants, track and field spikes, volleyball knee pads, ice hockey gloves, gymnastics leotards, ski jackets, climbing harnesses, and rugby scrum caps as long as they may be used for a cyclic athletic activity.

[0109] Further, Fig. 2 also shows a respective system 2000 for assisting a user 10 in particular during an athletic activity 15 (as best seen in Fig. 4), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running. The system 2000 comprises measurement means 30 for obtaining cyclic performance data 20 associated with the user 10 during an athletic activity 15. The cyclic performance data 20 comprises first cyclic performance data 20a associated with a first physiologic system of the user 10. The measurement means 30 maybe attachable to a sports garment and / or may be an integral part of the sports garment. The system 2000 further comprises an apparatus 60, in particular an electronic pod, for calculating a cyclic performance data value 21 based on the first cyclic performance data 20a. The apparatus 60 is further configured to generate, based on the cyclic performance data value 21, an assisting signal. The apparatus 60 may be attachable to the sports garment. The system 2000 further comprises output means 40 for outputting the generated assisting signal to the user 10.

[0110] The output means 40 may be audio output means 40, such as headphones, for outputting the assisting signal. The system 2000 may further comprise a program, such as a smartphone 70 application or a smartwatch 70 application for downloading workouts from the apparatus 60.

[0111] The apparatus 60 of the system 2000 may incorporate substantially the same features and, hence, substantially the same advantages as described with respect to the processing means 60 of the sports garment 1000 and vice versa. It is noted that the computer-implemented method too (as best seen in Fig. i), the sports garment 1000, and the system 2000, assist the user 10 in particular during an athletic activity 15. Hence, it is understood that the computer-implemented method 100, the sports garment 1000, and the system 2000 also assist the user 10 when the user 10 is not performing an athletic activity.

[0112] Fig. 3 shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method 100 for assisting a user 15 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It is understood that all features and advantages described with reference to Fig. 3 are also applicable to the sports garment 1000 and the system 2000 for assisting a user as described elsewhere herein. Further, the computer-implemented method 100 according to the embodiment of Fig. 3 may be similar and / or compatible with the computer-implemented method 100 of Fig. 1 and merely additional features are described for brevity. As understood, these additional features merely serve the purpose of illustrating the inventive concept and are not to be understood as limiting in terms of the scope of protection.

[0113] The first cyclic performance data 20a maybe movement data 20a, such as step data 20a and / or stride data 20b, and the second cyclic performance data 20b may be breathing data 20b. The breathing data 20b may comprise a breathing rate, a breathing phase, such as inhale or exhale. The step data 20a may comprise a step rate, and the stride data 20b may comprise a stride rate.

[0114] As described elsewhere, the first physiologic system and / or the second physiologic system of the user 15 may be any suitable system of the user 15. In addition to the physiologic systems mentioned in the foregoing that lead to movement data 20a and / or breathing data 20b, the following further examples of data associated with a physiologic system may be mentioned and useful: heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, digestion, hormone secretion, pupil dilation, or the like. The heart rate, i.e., the rate at which the heart may beat is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system. The blood pressure, i.e., the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, may be regulated by various factors, including the autonomic nervous system, hormonal influences, and kidney function. The body temperature may be regulated by the hypothalamus, which may act as the body’s thermostat. It may trigger mechanisms such as sweating or shivering to maintain a relatively constant core temperature. The process of digestion, including the secretion of digestive enzymes, movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, and / or absorption of nutrients, may be primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Hormone secretion may play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses. The pupil dilation (the size of the pupils), which may control the amount of light entering the eyes, may be regulated by the muscles of the iris. Pupil dilation may be controlled by the autonomic nervous system in response to changes in light or emotional states.

[0115] The step of obtaining no, using measurement means 30, may comprise using one or more sensors 30.

[0116] The cyclic performance data 20 and in particular the second cyclic performance data 20b (such as breathing data) may be obtained by means of one or more of a stretch sensor 30, a pressure sensor 30, a volumetric sensor 30. For brevity, all possible sensors may be indicated by reference sign 30 in the figures. However, it is understood that different sensors maybe meant thereby, which follows from the present description.

[0117] A volumetric sensor (flow sensors) may measure airflow in a substantially direct manner, e.g., byway of a flowmeter. The flowmeter maybe arranged at the mouth of the user. Such sensors are quite accurate for estimating tidal volume, i.e., liters of air per breathing. The airflow may be further analyzed so as to identify certain gas content, such as oxygen / carbon dioxide, or the like.

[0118] A stretch sensor may measure an expansion of the thorax via one or more bands. A sensor may work on resistive, impedance, inductive, and / or fiber optic principles.

[0119] A pressure sensor may measure the pressure created by an expansion and / or contraction of the chest of the user. A pressure sensor may function according to capacitive principles.

[0120] Stretch and / or pressure sensors are particularly advantageous for mobile breathing measurements. These are relatively unobtrusive, which is appreciated by users. In addition, they may be robust to motion artifact. Further, these sensors may be sweat-resistant and may be unaffected by ambient noise. Stretch sensors have the advantage of high signal-to-noise and can be used in parallel for different anatomical locations of the user. Pressure sensors may be more robust to repeated washing cycles and normal wear-and- tear.

[0121] It has been found to be beneficial to arrange the stretch sensor 30 in proximity to or around the thorax of the user 10 (e.g., as exemplarily indicated in Fig. 2). The primary location should be at the level of the xiphoid process (which is a small cartilaginous extension of the inferior (lower) part of the sternum, which is usually ossified in the adult human). In case a second stretch sensor is included, the second stretch sensor should be arranged in proximity to or around the umbilicus (the middle of the abdomen.). If a pressure sensor is employed, it could be functional on the anterior, lateral, and / or posterior ribcage of the user 10.

[0122] The cyclic performance data 20 and in particular the first cyclic performance data 20a (such as step data and / or stride data) may be obtained by means of one or more of an acceleration sensor 30, a pressure sensor 30.

[0123] In an acceleration sensor (e.g., used for obtaining the first cyclic performance data 20a, such as step data and / or stride data), a force caused by vibration and / or a change in motion (i.e., acceleration) may cause a mass to squeeze a piezoelectric material which produces an electrical charge that may be proportional to the force exerted upon it. An accelerometer sensor could be arranged at any location, wherein locations in proximity of the midchest or mid-back maybe among particularly beneficial locations. Accelerometer sensors are unobtrusive, inexpensive, have low power requirements, and are quite accurate for detecting stride rate. Pressure sensors are more intrusive compared to accelerometer sensors and may require an own power supply. However, pressure sensors maybe more accurate than accelerometer sensors and may provide additional data richness.

[0124] As further shown in Fig. 3, the step of calculating 120 may comprise calculating the cyclic performance data value 21, wherein said value 21 is a cyclic performance ratio 21 of the first cyclic performance data 20a and the second cyclic performance data 20b. For instance, it may be a ratio of the step rate and breathing rate or a ratio of the stride rate and the breath rate. In the particular embodiment of Fig. 3, the cyclic performance ratio 21 may be a ratio X : Y of steps per inhale X and steps per exhale Y, or a ratio Y : X of steps per exhale Y and steps per inhale X. X and / or Y may be any floating point number between 1 and 10.

[0125] The step of generating 130 the assisting signal may comprise aligning the assisting signal to a closest integer ratio of the cyclic performance ratio 21, preferably to a closest ratio X : Y of steps per inhale X and steps per exhale Y, such as 2:2, 2:3, 3:3, 3:4, 3:4, 4:4. Further examples of a closest integer ratio are certainly encompassed by the present disclosure (e.g., this may depend on the floating point values of X and Y). An integer ratio means that X and / or Y may be rounded up or down in order to adopt an integer value. The aligning may comprise that the computer-implemented method too outputs an assisting signal that provides a sound that corresponds to the closest integer ratio.

[0126] As noted herein, the method too may further comprise comparing 125, using the processor, the cyclic performance data value 21 with a target value, which is associated with the first physiologic system of the user 10 and the second physiologic system of the user 10. The target value may be a target ratio pX : pY of steps per inhale pX and steps per exhale pY, or a target ratio pY : pX of steps per exhale pY and steps per inhale pX. pX may be an integer between 1 and 10 and pY may be an integer between 1 and 10. Further, the step of generating 130 the assisting signal may comprise aligning the assisting signal with the target ratio.

[0127] In general, the assisting signal may be configured to indicate the user 10 to change an action of the athletic activity 15 when the cyclic performance ratio 21 is different than the target ratio. Further, the assisting signal may be configured to indicate the user 10 to maintain an action of the athletic activity 15 when the cyclic performance ratio 21 substantially corresponds to the target ratio.

[0128] The target ratio may be based on past performance data of the user 10, an average of past performance data of a period of time, past performance data of a plurality of users 10, an average of past performance data of a period of time of a plurality of users 10, and / or information of the user 10, such as age, weight, gender. The target ratio may also be based on commonly used ratios and / or individually preferred ratios (these could be measured for instance during an athletic activity 15).

[0129] The method 100 may comprise varying the target value in a predefined pattern, and the method may comprise comparing 125 the cyclic performance data value 21 with the varied target value.

[0130] The step of aligning as described herein may be performed after a time delay as described elsewhere herein.

[0131] As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 3, the cyclic performance ratio 21 is indicated as LRC ratio. In this manner, the assisting signal is configured to correlate the first cyclic performance data 20a and the second cyclic performance data 20b by means of locomotor-respiratoiy coupling (LRC). The term LRC describes the synchronization and / or coordination between a user’s 10 pattern (respiration) and a user’s 10 movements (locomotion), for instance during the athletic activity 15.

[0132] This may have an added benefit in optimizing energy expenditure and / or efficiency. At the same time, this may increase well-being and / or vitality of the user.

[0133] The assisting signal may be an audio signal and / or a visual signal. Preferably, the assisting signal is an audio signal as shown in Fig. 3. The audio signal preferably comprises one or more of a single tone, a stretched tone, a morphed soundscape, a music track. Moreover, the single tone can comprise a fixed duration, a beep or the like. The stretched tone may comprise an adaptive duration or the like. The morphed soundscape may be based on pre-defined building blocks.

[0134] The method too may also comprise a headset control, comprising gear shift, voice-over, and / or guidance duration.

[0135] As further shown in Fig. 3, after generating 130 the assisting signal, said assisting signal is outputted 140 to the user 10.

[0136] The method too allows for different modes of assisting as described in the following, which may influence the step of generating 130 the assisting signal. For instance, the method 100 allows for a guidance only mode. In such a mode a fixed target ratio, such as a fixed LRC ratio maybe adjusted (e.g., a ratio X : Y or Y : X of 3:3 or 2:2 or the like). If the user 10 changes an action, e.g., if the user 10 makes smaller steps and / or faster steps, and / or breathes more slowly during an athletic activity 15, the calculated cyclic performance ratio 21 may vaiy, e.g., from 3:3 to 4:4. In this case, the assisting signal may be aligned to the fixed target ratio, such as a fixed LRC ratio. Hence, attributable to the assisting signal, it will be indicated to the user 10 to change an action. For instance, the user 10 will then make larger steps and / or more slowly steps, and / or breathes faster to maintain a cyclic performance ratio 21 X : Y or Y : X of 3:3 or 2:2 or the like.

[0137] Further, the method too allows for a feedback mode, in which the method too reflects a current, nearest LRC ratio being performed by the user 10. For example, if the user has a step rate of 160 steps per minute and a breathing rate of 35 breaths per minute (bpm), the calculated cyclic performance ratio 21 maybe 160 / 33 = 4-8 steps per breath. The closest integer would be 5 steps per breath. Hence, the assisting signal may align to a ratio X : Y of 2:3 or a ratio X : Y of 3:2.

[0138] Further still, the method 100 allows for a feedforward mode, in which the method 100 calculates the current nearest cyclic performance ratio 21 (e.g., which may be a LRC ratio 21) and the target ratio is adapted such that the cyclic performance ratio 21 will be varied in the future. For instance, the corresponding assisting signal may indicate the user 10 to change from a cyclic performance ratio 21 of 2:3 to a cyclic performance ratio 21 of 3:3.

[0139] The method 100 may also facilitate outputting an assisting signal so as to promote an event alignment. In this manner, the assisting signal may be (quite precisely) synchronized to the instant of time at which the user 10 performs a step or a stride. In order to fully benefit from the advantages of such an event alignment, it is beneficial when accurate measurement means 30 (e.g., sensors) and / or advanced algorithms are employed. This assisting signal may thus be configured to indicate the user 10 to exhale or inhale when the user 10 performs a step or a stride. Such indication may occur at each step of the user 10, at each second step of the user 10, at each third step of the user 10, at each fourth step of the user 10, at each fifth step of the user 10, at each sixth step of the user 10, at each seventh step of the user 10, at each eight step of the user io, at each ninth step of the user io, at each tenth step of the user io, and / or at any other step of the user io. Such indication may also occur in the form of a pattern such that the step at which the indication is sent to the signals varies. This may have the advantage of altering a usual habit of the user io during an athletic activity 15. Further, this may make the athletic activity 15 more challenging for the user 10 as the user 10 may need to stay aware and / or alert of any indication provided by the assisting signal. It was found that stepping substantially at the time of inhaling or exhaling might confer metabolic and neuromuscular benefits by lower diaphragmatic work of the user 10. In turn this improves the athletic activity 15 of the user 10. In addition, the user 10 may feel more confident, since, for instance in case of running, the same distance may be performed with a faster running pace.

[0140] Overall, the method 100 has the advantage that enjoyment of the user 10 and / or performance of the user 10 may be enhanced. In particular, the user 10 may be assisted towards a joyful and beneficial athletic activity, by way of an adapted movement (e.g., steps / strides) and / or an adapted breathing rhythm. It has been found that when a user 10 performs an athletic activity 15 having a cyclic performance ratio 21 of 2:2, 2:3, 3:3, 3:4, or 4:4, this may have a metabolic benefit, as the work for breathing is believed to be lowered. Further, it may have a neuromuscular benefit, as the risk of side stitches can be reduced. Moreover, it has perceptual benefits, as the pacing awareness is increased.

[0141] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary block diagram of a computer-implemented method 200 for assisting a user 10 and in particular for increasing the user’s 10 well-being, for increasing the user’s 10 vitality, and / or for improving one or more of the user’s 10 psychophysiological states according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It is noted that the computer-implemented method 200 may comprise one or more method steps of the computer-implemented method too described elsewhere herein and as also shown in Fig. 4-

[0142] The computer-implemented method 200 comprises performing a reflecting step 210 for collecting information of the user 10, such as information of the user 10 of an athletic activity 15. The computer-implemented method 200 may further comprise performing a tracking step 220 for collecting further information of the user io. The computer-implemented method 200 may further comprise generating, using a processor, based on the information of the user 10 of the athletic activity 15 and the further information of the user 10, a guiding signal 230. The computer-implemented method 200 further comprises outputting, using output means, the generated guiding signal 230 to the user 10.

[0143] Two exemplary reflecting steps 210 are shown in Fig. 4. The reflecting step 210 may comprise completing a questionnaire, for instance before and after an athletic activity 15, in which the user 10 may introduce information regarding vitality and / or fatigue or the like. Further, the reflecting step 210 may comprise a general feedback step 210, in which vitality fatigue, a daily activity, HRV, menses (if applicable) and / or running intensity are evaluated and / or elaborated on. This may be done manually by the user 10 and / or automatically by way of sensors and / or programs that are evaluating information gathered from the user 10. As also indicated in Fig. 4, the reflecting step 210 may comprise completing an initial questionnaire about motivation and volition.

[0144] It has been found that providing for such a method 200 as described herein has the added benefit that outcome expectations and / or self-efficacy are influenced by performing a reflecting step 210, which includes assessing outcome experiences. Hence, outcome expectations and / or self-efficacy may be positively influence by such a reflecting step 210.

[0145] The tracking step 220 is indicated in Fig. 4 by the gray box 220. It may comprise conducting a daily diary about vitality and / or fatigue. It may comprise tracking daily life activity, comprising an activity tracker, smartphone tracker, an inertial measurement unit or the like. Further, stress and / or recovery may be tracked by way of HRV as described elsewhere herein. Further, a menstrual cycle may be tracked (if applicable).

[0146] As shown in Fig. 4, generating the guiding signal 230 and outputting said generated guiding signal 230 to the user 10 may be performed at various occasions. This has the advantage that the user 10 is guided towards routine in performing an athletic activity 15 and / or that the user’s 10 well-being and / or vitality is increased. The guiding signal 230 may additionally or alternatively be accompanied by a notification sent to the user 10. In one example, the guiding signal 230 may be a notification sent to the user. The notification 230 sent to the user io may be understood as a nudge, that may indicate the user io to perform any action. The notification may be targeted so as to indicate the user io at certain times a message. These “certain times” maybe adapted to motivate the user io to perform an athletic activity 15. This may cause the user 10 to perform an athletic activity 15 at a time which is found to be particularly useful in increasing well-being and / or vitality of the user 10, for instance in a short, medium and / or long-term perspective. As shown in Fig. 4, after a training plan is started, the guiding signal 230 may help the user 10 to overcome barriers. Once the user 10 decides to undertake an athletic activity 15, the computer-implemented method 100 may be employed as shown in Fig. 4 indicated by the gray box marked as 15 (athletic activity) and 100.

[0147] As also shown in Fig. 4, educational blog posts may be employed in the method 200. This may comprise gathering information of howto start running, how to create a training plan, coping with barriers, and / or increasing self-awareness about the positive effects of running.

[0148] The method 200 provides for various advantages. It has been found that users 10 felt more vital throughout the rest of the day when an athletic activity 15 was reflected 210 as being vitalizing. In general and without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the method 200 ensures that the hedonic principle may be complied with, according to which a user 10 strives for pleasant experiences and tries to avoid unpleasant situations.

[0149] The vitality of a user 10, which may be enhanced by way of the methods too, 200 described herein, maybe understood as a perceived energy available to the self, it may particularly mobilize a user 10 to initiate an action like an athletic activity 15.

[0150] It is noted that the above embodiments and / or examples may be combined with further aspects as described herein and details of the embodiments and / or examples may also be omitted, as will be understood by the skilled person. The scope of protection is determined by the claims and is not limited by the embodiments and / or examples disclosed in the above figures. List of reference signs used

[0151] 10 user

[0152] 15 athletic activity

[0153] 20 cyclic performance data

[0154] 20a first cyclic performance data

[0155] 20b second cyclic performance

[0156] 21 cyclic performance data value / cyclic performance ratio

[0157] 30 measurement means

[0158] 40 output means (e.g., headphones)

[0159] 60 processing means / apparatus

[0160] 70 smart device (e.g., smartphone / smart watch)

[0161] 100 method for assisting a user

[0162] 110 method step: obtaining

[0163] 120 method step: calculating

[0164] 125 method step: comparing

[0165] 130 method step: generating

[0166] 140 method step: outputting assisting signal

[0167] 200 computer-implemented method for assisting a user

[0168] 210 method step: reflecting

[0169] 220 method step: tracking

[0170] 230 guiding signal / notification / nudge IOOO sports garment for assisting a user

[0171] 2000 system for assisting a user

[0172] LRC locomotor-respiratory coupling X steps per inhale

[0173] Y steps per exhale

[0174] X : Y ratio of steps per inhale X and steps per exhale Y

[0175] Y : X ratio of steps per exhale Y and steps per inhale X pX target steps per inhale pY target steps per exhale pX : pY target ratio of steps per inhale pX and steps per exhale pY pY : pX target ratio of steps per exhale pY and steps per inhale pX

Claims

Claims1. A computer-implemented method (too) for assisting a user (to) in particular during an athletic activity (15), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the method (too) comprising: obtaining (110), using measurement means (30), cyclic performance data(20) associated with the user (10) during an athletic activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiologic system of the user (10); calculating (120), using a processor, a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the first cyclic performance data (20a); generating (130), using the processor, based on the cyclic performance data value (21), an assisting signal; outputting (140), using output means (40), the generated assisting signal to the user (10).

2. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein the cyclic performance data (20) further comprises second cyclic performance data (20b) associated with a second physiologic system of the user (10), wherein calculating (120) the cyclic performance data value (21) is further based on the second cyclic performance data (20b), and wherein the method (too) further comprises: comparing (125), using the processor, the cyclic performance data value(21) with a target value, the target value being associated with the first physiologic system of the user (10) and the second physiologic system of the user (10), wherein generating (130) the assisting signal is further based on the comparison (125).

3. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein the first cyclic performance data (20a) is movement data, such as step data and / or stride data, wherein the second cyclic performance data (20b) is breathing data,wherein the breathing data preferably comprises a breathing rate, a breathing phase, such as inhale or exhale, wherein the step data preferably comprises a step rate, and wherein the stride data comprises a stride rate.

4. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the cyclic performance data value (21) is a cyclic performance ratio (21) of the first cyclic performance data (20a) and the second cyclic performance data (20b), preferably a cyclic performance ratio of the step rate and breathing rate or a ratio of the stride rate and the breath rate.

5. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein the cyclic performance ratio (21) is a cyclic performance ratio of steps per inhale and steps per exhale, or steps per exhale and steps per inhale.

6. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein the cyclic performance ratio (21) (X : Y) of steps per inhale (X) and steps per exhale (Y), or the cyclic performance ratio (21) (Y : X) of steps per exhale (Y) and steps per inhale (X) is any combination of X being a floating point number between 1 and 10 and Y being a floating point number between 1 and 10.

7. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, wherein generating (130) the assisting signal comprises aligning the assisting signal to a closest integer ratio of the cyclic performance ratio (21), preferably to a closest ratio (X : Y) of steps per inhale (X) and steps per exhale (Y), such as 2:2, 2:3, 313, 3:4, 3:4, 4:4.

8. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the target value is a target ratio (pX : pY) of steps per inhale (pX) and steps per exhale (pY), or a target ratio (pY : pX) of steps per exhale (pY) and steps per inhale (pX), wherein pX is an integer between 1 and 10 and pY is an integer between 1 and 10.

9. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein generating (130) the assisting signal comprises aligning the assisting signal with the target ratio.

10. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the assisting signal is configured to indicate the user (10) to change an action of the athletic activity (15) when the cyclic performance ratio (21) is different than the target ratio, and / or wherein the assisting signal is configured to indicate the user (10) to maintain an action of the athletic activity (15) when the cyclic performance ratio (21) corresponds substantially to the target ratio.

11. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the target ratio is based on past performance data of the user (10), an average of past performance data of a period of time, past performance data of a plurality of users (10), an average of past performance data of a period of time of a plurality of users (10), and / or information of the user (10), such as age, weight, gender.

12. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assisting signal is configured to indicate the user (10) to change or maintain an action associated with the first physiologic system and / or an action associated with the second physiologic system.

13. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims if dependent on claims 7 or 9, wherein aligning is performed after a time delay, preferably a time delay of least 1 min, preferably at least 5 min, preferably at least 10 min and / or a time delay of at most 30 min, preferably of at most20 min, preferably of at most 10 min.

14. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method (too) comprises varying the target value in a predefined pattern, and wherein comparing (125) preferably comprises comparing (125) the cyclic performance data value (21) with the varied target value.15- The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assisting signal is configured to correlate the first cyclic performance data (20a) and the second cyclic performance data (20b) by means of locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC).

16. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: performing a reflecting step (210) for collecting information of the user (10) of the athletic activity (15); performing a tracking step (220) for collecting further information of the user (10); generating, using the processor, based on the information of the user (10) of the athletic activity (15) and the further information of the user (10), a guiding signal (230); outputting (140), using output means (40), the generated guiding signal (230) to the user (10).

17. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein the guiding signal (230) is configured to indicate the user (10) to start an athletic activity (15).

18. The computer-implemented method (too) of the preceding claim, wherein the guiding signal (230) is configured to indicate the user (10) to start an athletic activity (15) when the further information of the user (10) correspond to further information collected in the past before performing an athletic activity (15).

19. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assisting signal and / or the guiding signal (230) is an audio signal and / or a visual signal, wherein the assisting signal is preferably an audio signal, wherein the audio signal preferably comprises one or more of a single tone, a stretched tone, a morphed soundscape, a music track.

20. The computer-implemented method (too) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyclic performance data (20) is obtained by means of one or more of a stretch sensor, a pressure sensor, a volumetric sensor.

21. The computer-implemented method (100) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyclic performance data (20) is obtained by means of one or more of an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor.

22. A data processing apparatus comprising means for carrying out the computer- implemented method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 21.

23. A computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the computer-implemented method (100) according to any one of the claims 1 to 21.

24. A sports garment (1000) for assisting a user (10) in particular during an athletic activity (15), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the sports garment (1000) comprising: measurement means (30) for obtaining (110) cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during an athletic activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiologic system of the user (10); processing means (60) for calculating (120) a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the first cyclic performance data (20a), and for generating (130), based on the cyclic performance data value (21), an assisting signal; and output means (40) for outputting (140) the generated assisting signal to the user (10).

25. The sports garment (1000) of the preceding claim, wherein the sports garment (1000) is a bra, shirt, a pants, or the like.

26. A system (2000) for assisting a user (10) in particular during an athletic activity (15), such as a cyclic athletic activity like running, the system (2000) comprising: measurement means (30) for obtaining (110) cyclic performance data (20) associated with the user (10) during an athletic activity (15), wherein the cyclic performance data (20) comprises first cyclic performance data (20a) associated with a first physiologic system of the user (10), the measurement means(30) being attachable to a sports garment and / or being an integral part of the sports garment; an apparatus (60), in particular an electronic pod, for calculating (120) a cyclic performance data value (21) based on the first cyclic performance data (20a), and for generating (130), based on the cyclic performance data value (21), an assisting signal, the apparatus (60) being attachable to the garment; output means (40) for outputting (140) the generated assisting signal to the user (10).

27. The system (2000) of the preceding claim, wherein the output means (40) is audio output means (40), such as headphones, for outputting (140) the signal; and the system (2000) preferably further comprising a program, such as a smartphone application or a smartwatch application for downloading workouts from the apparatus (60).

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