Unified signaling for equal modulation and unequal modulation in next-generation WLAN systems
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies in next-generation WLAN systems face challenges in efficiently managing unequal modulation (UEQM) and equal modulation (EQM) due to imbalanced interference and signal quality across spatial and frequency domains, necessitating unified signaling solutions.
Implementing unified signaling schemes for equal and unequal modulation in next-generation WLAN systems, utilizing transceivers and processors to manage PPDU transmissions with spatial and frequency domain information, and incorporating bit patterns for UEQM and EQM patterns in the PPDU format to optimize modulation and coding rates.
Enhances system performance by optimizing modulation and coding rates, improving throughput and adaptability to varying interference levels across spatial and frequency domains.
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Figure CN2025071473_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
UNIFIED SIGNALING FOR EQUAL MODULATION AND UNEQUAL MODULATION IN NEXT-GENERATION WLAN SYSTEMSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 618, 926 filed 09 January 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to unified signaling for equal modulation and unequal modulation in next-generation wireless local area network (WLAN) systems.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications, such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) in WLAN systems in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, new modulation and coding schemes (MCS) levels, such as new combinations of modulation and coding rates, are considered to fill the sensitivity signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) gap and improve system throughputs for equal modulations (EQMs) . Unequal modulation (UEQM) with joint encoding on the spatial domain has been proposed and studied for the scenarios of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels with a large number of conditions (e.g., 10 ~ 15dB and the like) . Similarly, UEQM on the frequency domain has also been proposed for the scenarios of frequency subchannels with imbalanced interference (e.g., 10 ~ 20dB difference on two frequency subchannels and the like) for the next-generation WLAN systems to improve system performance. Therefore, there is a need for a solution for unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems in wireless communications.SUMMARY
[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems. It is believed that implementations of various schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the aforementioned issues.
[0007] In one aspect, a method may involve performing a wireless communication with a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) by either: (a) generating and transmitting the PPDU; or (b) receiving and processing the PPDU. The wireless communication may be performed with a unified signaling indicating information of UEQM in a spatial domain (SD) or frequency domain (FD) with respect to a transmission of the PPDU over one or more spatial streams.
[0008] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may perform a wireless communication with a PPDU by either: (a) generating and transmitting the PPDU; or (b) receiving and processing the PPDU. The wireless communication may be performed with a unified signaling indicating information of UEQM in an SD or FD with respect to a transmission of the PPDU over one or more spatial streams.
[0009] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 10 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 13 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example scenario under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of an example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0029] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0030] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ~ FIG. 18 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ~ FIG. 18.
[0032] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least a station (STA) 110 communicating wirelessly with a STA 120. Either of STA 110 and STA 120 may function as an access point (AP) STA or, alternatively, a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn and future-developed standards) . Each of STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate with each other by utilizing the unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems in accordance with various proposed schemes described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0033] FIG. 2 illustrates an example design 200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 200 may pertain to a signaling design for IEEE 802.11bn (or Wi-Fi 8) . Under the proposed scheme, it may be assumed that the IEEE 802.11bn specification may keep a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) format similar to that as defined in the IEEE 802.11be specification, which may include Ultra-High-Reliable (UHR) multi-user (MU) PPDU and Ultra-High-Reliable (UHR) trigger based (TB) PPDU. Under the proposed scheme, an Extremely-High-Throughput (EHT) (or UHR) MU PPDU may be utilized for downlink (DL) orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) (including non-MU multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and MU-MIMO) , DL single-user (SU) , DL non-OFDMA MU-MIMO and DL null data packet (NDP) sounding transmissions.
[0034] FIG. 3 illustrates an example design 300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 300 may pertain to new MCS signaling. Under the proposed scheme, a number of new MCS levels may be added and utilized in wireless communications in accordance with IEEE 802.11bn specification and future-developed specifications and standards. These new MCS levels may include, for example and not limited to, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) + 2 / 3 coding rate, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) + 2 / 3 coding rate, 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) + 2 / 3 coding rate, 16QAM + 5 / 6 coding rate, 256QAM + 2 / 3 coding rate, and 4096QAM + 7 / 8 coding rate. Moreover, new MCS indexes (or indices) may be defined for EQM transmissions. Under the proposed scheme, a subset of the new MCS levels of EQM transmissions may also be used for UEQM transmissions. Furthermore, under the proposed scheme, a total of 5 bits may be utilized to indicate MCS (including new MCS levels) in a User field or User Info field of a PPDU, as shown in FIG. 3. For instance, for a SU / OFDMA transmission, the five bits of bits B11 ~ B15, corresponding to the MCS subfield and Reserved subfield in a User field of a PPDU, may be utilized to indicate the MCS level (among existing and new MCS levels) . Additionally, one extra bit, such as bit B22, may be utilized for 2 x low-density parity-check (2xLDPC) indication. For a MU-MIMO transmission, the five bits of bits B11 ~ B15 in User field, corresponding to the MCS subfield and a New MCS subfield in a User field of a PPDU, may be utilized to indicate the MCS level (among existing and new MCS levels) . Moreover, one extra bit, such as bit B22, may be utilized for 2xLDPC indication. For an uplink trigger-based (UL TB) transmission, the five bits of bits B21 ~ B25, corresponding to the UL EHT-MCS subfield and Reserved subfield in a User Info field of a PPDU, may be utilized to indicate the MCS level (among existing and new MCS levels) .
[0035] FIG. 4 illustrates an example design 400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 400 may pertain to a first option (Option-1) of MCS index signaling. Referring to FIG. 4, 5 bits may be utilized for MCS indication. Under the proposed scheme, with respect to the MCS order, the first MCS0 ~ MCS15 may be kept the same as those under IEEE 802.11be and new MCS16 ~ MCS21 may be added for new MCS under the proposed scheme.
[0036] FIG. 5 illustrates an example design 500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 500 may pertain to a second option (Option-2) of MCS index signaling. Referring to FIG. 5, 5 bits may be utilized for MCS indication. Under the proposed scheme, with respect to the MCS order, the MCS levels may be reordered according to spectral efficiency.
[0037] FIG. 6 illustrates an example design 600 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 600 may pertain to a third option (Option-3) of MCS index signaling. Referring to FIG. 6, 5 bits may be utilized for MCS indication. Under the proposed scheme, with respect to the MCS order, the MCS levels may be reordered according to code rate.
[0038] FIG. 7 illustrates an example design 700 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 700 may pertain to a fourth option (Option-4) of MCS index signaling. Referring to FIG. 7, 5 bits may be utilized for MCS indication, with 2 bits to indicate the coding rate and 3 bits to indicate the modulation (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, 1024QAM and / or 4096QAM) . For modulation equal to 4096QAM, 2 bits may indicate the code rate of {3 / 4, 5 / 6, 7 / 8} . For modulation equal to BPSK, the 2 bits may indicate an effective coding rate (eR) = {1 / 8, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 2 / 3} , where eR = 1 / 8 for BPSK-dual carrier modulation (DCM) -duplicated (DUP) ; eR = 1 / 4 for BPSK-DCM. The combination of modulation and code rate may indicate the new MCS under the proposed scheme.
[0039] FIG. 8 illustrates an example design 800 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 800 may pertain to unified signaling for UEQM on the spatial domain (SD) and frequency domain (FD) . Under the proposed scheme, an MCS table with new MCS may be the anchor and the common base for both EQM and UEQM transmissions both on the SD and FD, including unified signaling for UEQM on SD and FD. Under the proposed scheme, 1 bit may be utilized to indicate UEQM on either SD or FD. An MCS subfield (e.g., 5 bits) may indicate the MCS on the first (1st) spatial stream (SS) or MCS on the resource unit (RU) or frequency segment (s) or subchannel (s) having a higher / highest signal quality compared to other RU or frequency segment (s) / subchannel (s) . Moreover, 2 bits as UEQM pattern signaling bits (either repurposed from existing IEEE 802.11be User Ino field or newly defined 2 bits) may indicate the UEQM patterns on the SD or the number of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) / modulation levels down on RU or frequency segment (s) / subchannel (s) with a lower / lowest signal quality or a higher / highest interference level. The UEQM signal bits may be defined in the User Info subfield for signaling on a per-user basis. Under the proposed scheme, LDPC may be the only forward error correction (FEC) scheme for UEQM on SD and FD. Furthermore, UEQM may not be applied on FD and SD at the same time.
[0040] Referring to FIG. 8, the 5 bits of B11 ~ B14 + B15 may be utilized to indicate the MCS index for either EQM or the MCS (modulation and code rate) on the 1st SS (or SS-0) for UEQM on SD or the MCS on the RU without interference. Additionally, the 1 bit of B19 may be utilized to indicate whether or not UEQM is enabled (either on SD or FD) . Moreover, the 2 bits of B20 ~ B21 may be utilized to indicate the UEQM pattern for UEQM on SD or to indicate the number of modulation level or order down for the RU with the higher / highest interference for UEQM on FD.
[0041] FIG. 9 illustrates an example design 900 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 900 may pertain to unified signaling or UEQM on the spatial domain and frequency domain. In design 900, 2 bits (UEQM pattern signaling bits) may be utilized to signal the QAM / modulation patterns for UEQM on two spatial streams (2SS) , three spatial streams (3SS) and four spatial streams (4SS) . Under the proposed scheme, one entry may indicate EQM (e.g., the same QAM level being applied across all the spatial streams) . Additionally, two or three other entries may indicate the modulation level by referring to the 1st SS or SS-0. For instance, x-n may indicate the QAM (or modulation) level or order relative to the QAM level or order of SS-0 (or the 1st SS) indicated by the MCS index. Moreover, n=0 may indicate the same QAM as SS-0; n=1 may indicate 1 QAM (or modulation) level or order lower relative to the QAM level on SS-0; and n=2 may indicate 2 QAM levels lower relative to the QAM level on SS-0. Furthermore, the code rate may be the same as indicated by the MCS index across all the spatial streams.
[0042] FIG. 10 illustrates an example design 1000 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1000 may pertain to general considerations of signaling design for UEQM on the frequency domain. Under the proposed scheme, UEQM on the FD may be implemented for certain scenarios, such as: (1) SU only; (2) SU and OFDMA but with a larger RU or multi-RU (MRU) ; and (3) only up to two different levels of patterns (e.g., [QAM QAM-n] or [QAM-n QAM QAM] and so on) . Under the proposed scheme, certain information may need to be indicated for UEQM on FD, such as: (a) the lower QAM location (e.g., lower SNR or signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) segment or interference location) ; (b) the number of QAM level or modulation order down or up (e.g., up to 2 ~ 3 levels or up to 4 levels) ; and (c) the MCS for the higher or lower QAM. Under the proposed scheme, indication of interference and / or signal quality imbalance information may be indicated based on a bitmap of up to 4 bits (or 2 bit for simplification) . For an operational bandwidth of 80MHz, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 20MHz frequency segment or subchannel, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference. For an operational bandwidth of 160MHz, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 40MHz frequency segment or subchannel, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference. For an operational bandwidth of 320MHz, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 80MHz frequency segment or subchannel, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference. Under the proposed scheme, in view of the information indicated by the bitmap, a delta (or difference) of modulation order “n” (with n = 1, 2, 3 or 4) may be indicated. In the illustrative example shown in part (A) of FIG. 10, the UEQM pattern may be {QAM QAM QAM-n QAM} . In the illustrative example shown in part (B) of FIG. 10, the UEQM pattern may be {QAM QAM QAM-n QAM-n} .
[0043] FIG. 11 illustrates an example design 1100 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1100 may pertain to a signaling design for UEQM on the frequency domain. The bitmap for signal quality indication may be simplified by using just 2 bits to indicate the higher interference in either the 1st half or the 2nd half (or in either the lower part or higher part) of a given frequency segment or bandwidth. In design 1100, “00” (or “11” ) may indicate EQM on FD. In FIG. 11, a 2-bit bitmap may indicate the signal quality on a lower part (or 1st half) and an upper part (or 2nd half) of a frequency segment or bandwidth. For instance, in the illustrative example shown in part (A) of FIG. 11, “x-n” may indicate that the upper part (or 2nd half) of the frequency segment or bandwidth has a higher interference (compared to the lower part (or 1st half) ) . In the illustrative example shown in part (A) of FIG. 11, “x-n” may indicate that the lower part (or 1st half) of the frequency segment or bandwidth has a higher interference (compared to the upper part (or 2nd half) ) .
[0044] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scenario 1200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. In the illustrative example shown in part (A) of FIG. 12, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 80MHz frequency segment or subchannel of a 320MHz bandwidth, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference. A first STA (STA1) may utilize a 996-tone RU (RU996) on a first 80MHz frequency segment of the 320MHz bandwidth, and a second STA (STA2) may utilize an MRU of 3 x 996-tone RUs (or MRU (3x996) ) on the second, third and fourth 80MHz frequency segments of the 320MHz bandwidth with an UEQM pattern of {QAM QAM-n QAM} . In the illustrative example shown in part (B) of FIG. 12, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 80MHz frequency segment or subchannel of a 320MHz bandwidth, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference. A first STA (STA1) may utilize an MRU of 2 x 996-tone RUs plus a 484-tone RU (or MRU (2x996+484) ) on the first, second and part of the third 80MHz frequency segments of the 320MHz bandwidth with an UEQM pattern of {QAM QAM QAM-n} and a second STA (STA2) may utilize an MRU of a 996-tone RU plus a 484-tone RU (or MRU (996+484) ) on the fourth and part of the third 80MHz frequency segments of the 320MHz bandwidth with an UEQM pattern of {QAM-n QAM} . In the illustrative example shown in part (C) of FIG. 12, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 40MHz frequency segment or subchannel of a 160MHz bandwidth, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference or puncture. A STA may utilize an MRU of a 996-tone RU plus a 484-tone RU (or MRU(996+484) ) on the first, second and fourth 40MHz frequency segments of the 160MHz bandwidth with an UEQM pattern of {QAM QAM-n} . In the illustrative example shown in part (D) of FIG. 12, each bit of the 4 bits may indicate the information of a respective 40MHz frequency segment or subchannel of a 160MHz bandwidth, with a value of “1” indicating a higher interference or puncture. A STA may utilize an MRU of a 996-tone RU plus a 484-tone RU plus a 242-tone RU (or MRU (996+484+242) ) on the first, second and third 40MHz frequency segments and part of the fourth 40MHz frequency segment of the 160MHz bandwidth with an UEQM pattern of {QAM QAM QAM-n} .
[0045] FIG. 13 illustrates an example design 1300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1300 may pertain to unified signaling for UEQM on the spatial domain and frequency domain. Under the proposed scheme, when the signal quality bitmap has all “0” s or all “1” s, EQM on FD may be assumed. Then, the 2 bits for UEQM signaling may be interpreted or used for indication of UEQM on the SD (e.g., 2 bits to indicate the modulation (or QAM) combination patterns over the spatial streams. When the signal quality bitmap does not have all “0” s or “1” s (and has a mixture of “0” and “1” ) , then the 2 bits for UEQM signaling may be interpreted or used for indication of UEQM on the FD (e.g., 2 bits to indicate the number of QAM levels or modulation order down for the QAM on the RU / frequency segment (s) or subchannel (s) with the higher / highest interference (which may be indicated by the signal quality bitmap) . Under the proposed scheme, the UEQM signaling bits may indicate the value of n, with n denoting the number of QAM level or modulation order (on the RU with the higher interference indicated by the signal quality bitmap) lower than the QAM level on the RU / frequency segment (s) or subchannel (s) without interference. For instance, “00” may indicate 1 QAM level lower, “01” may indicate 2 QAM levels lower, “10” may indicate 3 QAM levels lower, and “11” may indicate 4 QAM levels lower.
[0046] FIG. 14 illustrates an example design 1400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1400 may pertain to unified signaling for UEQM on the spatial domain and frequency domain. Under the proposed scheme, with respect to UEQM on FD, design 1400 may be utilized to indicate the QAM level on the first half or second half of channel bandwidth. Referring to FIG. 14, x may denote the QAM level. The QAM level and code rate for x (e.g., MCS on the RU / frequency segment without interference) may be indicated in MCS subfield of the User Info field. The value of 1 ~ 4 in the table for entry of x-1, x-2, x-3, x-4 may indicate the number of QAM level lower than the QAM level for the RU with x.
[0047] FIG. 15 illustrates an example design 1500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 1500 may pertain to a signaling design for UEQM on the frequency domain. Design 1500 may involve a bitmap-based imbalanced signal quality indication. Under the proposed scheme some of the bits for the bitmap may be repurposed or redefined to indicate the signal quality / interference imbalance per frequency segment, subchannel, subblock or RU. Such bitmap may be in a common field of a PPDU such as, for example, a Universal Signaling (U-SIG) field and / or a Trigger field. For instance, referring to FIG. 15, in UHR-MU transmissions, the bitmap may be carried or otherwise contained in a U-SIG field. Moreover, in SU and OFDMA MU-MIMO transmissions, the bitmap may be carried or otherwise contained in an EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG field. Furthermore, in trigger-based transmissions, the bitmap may be carried or otherwise contained in a Trigger frame.
[0048] FIG. 16 illustrates an example scenario 1600 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Scenario 1600 may pertain to a signaling design for UEQM on the spatial domain or frequency domain. Referring to FIG. 16, for SU or OFDMA transmissions, the bit B19 may be utilized to indicate whether or not UEQM is enabled for the spatial domain or frequency domain, and whether UEQM is enabled for the spatial domain or frequency domain depends on the content of the bitmap. For instance, when the bitmap has all “0” sor all “1” s, the UEQM is enabled (when enabled as indicated by bit B19 = “1” ) for the spatial domain, and the two bits of B20 and B21 may be utilized to indicate the UEQM pattern. Conversely, when the bitmap has at least one “0” and at least one “1” , the UEQM is enabled (when enabled as indicated by bit B19 = “1” ) for the frequency domain, and the two bits of B20 and B21 may be utilized to indicate the value n (as in the QAM / modulation level down by n, with n = 1, 2, 3 or 4) . Accordingly, the bitmap and bits B19 ~B21 may be utilized for unified signaling for UEQM on the spatial domain and frequency domain.
[0049] For the RU or frequency segments corresponding to “1” in the signal quality bitmap to indicate there is interference, 2 bits (e.g., bits B20 and B21) may be utilized to indicate the QAM / modulation level down by n for the RU or frequency segment with the higher interference if UEQM is enabled. When the signal quality bitmap has all “0” s (or all “1” s) , the 2 bits (e.g., bits B20 and B21) may be used to indicate UEQM pattern if UEQM is enabled.
[0050] For MU-MIMO transmissions, for the RU / frequency segments corresponding to “1” in the bitmap, 2 bits (e.g., bits B21 and B23 or bits B21 and B22) may be utilized to indicate the QAM level down by n for the RU or frequency segment with the higher interference if UEQM is enabled. When the signal quality bitmap has all “0” s (or all “1” s) , the 2 bits (e.g., bits B20 and B21) may be used to indicate UEQM pattern if UEQM is enabled.
[0051] For UL TB transmissions, for the RU corresponding to “1” in the bitmap, bits B16 and B21 may be utilized to indicate the QAM level down by n. Illustrative Implementations
[0052] FIG. 17 illustrates an example system 1700 having at least an example apparatus 1710 and an example apparatus 1720 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 1710 may be implemented in STA 110 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in STA 120, or vice versa.
[0053] Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a non-AP STA or an AP STA, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 1710 and / or apparatus 1720 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
[0054] In some implementations, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 17 such as a processor 1712 and a processor 1722, respectively, for example. Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 are neither shown in FIG. 17 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0055] In one aspect, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 1712 and processor 1722, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1712 and processor 1722 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0056] In some implementations, apparatus 1710 may also include a transceiver 1716 coupled to processor 1712. Transceiver 1716 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 1720 may also include a transceiver 1726 coupled to processor 1722. Transceiver 1726 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 1716 and transceiver 1726 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 1712 and processor 1722, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 1716 may be an integral part of processor 1712 as a system on chip (SoC) , and transceiver 1726 may be an integral part of processor 1722 as a SoC.
[0057] In some implementations, apparatus 1710 may further include a memory 1714 coupled to processor 1712 and capable of being accessed by processor 1712 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 1720 may further include a memory 1724 coupled to processor 1722 and capable of being accessed by processor 1722 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1714 and memory 1724 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1714 and memory 1724 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1714 and memory 1724 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0058] Each of apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 1710, as STA 110, and apparatus 1720, as STA 120, is provided below in the context of example process 1800. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of apparatus 1720 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 1710 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Illustrative Processes
[0059] FIG. 18 illustrates an example process 1800 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1800 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 1800 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to unified signaling for EQM and UEQM in next-generation WLAN systems in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 1800 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1810 and subblocks 1820 and 1830. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1800 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1800 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 18 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1800 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 1800 may be implemented by or in apparatus 1710 and apparatus 1720 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 1800 is described below in the context of apparatus 1710 implemented in or as STA 110 functioning as a non-AP STA or an AP STA and apparatus 1720 implemented in or as STA 120 functioning as an AP STA or a non-AP STA of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 1800 may begin at block 1810.
[0060] At 1810, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 of apparatus 1710 performing, via transceiver 1716, a wireless communication with a PPDU. The wireless communication may be performed with a unified signaling indicating information of UEQM in an SD or FD with respect to a transmission of the PPDU over one or more spatial streams. The wireless communication may involve operations represented by 1820 or 1830. Process 1800 may proceed from 1810 to 1820 or 1830.
[0061] At 1820, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 generating and transmitting the PPDU (e.g., to apparatus 1720 as STA 120) .
[0062] At 1830, process 1800 may involve processor 1712 receiving and processing the PPDU (e.g., from apparatus 1720 as STA 120) .
[0063] In some implementations, an MCS subfield of 5 bits in the PPDU may indicate an MCS on either: (a) a first SS responsive to the UEQM being in the SD; or (b) an RU or frequency segment or subchannel with a higher signal quality compared to that of one or more other RUs or frequency segments or subchannels responsive to the UEQM being in the FD. In such cases, 1 bit of a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU may indicate whether the UEQM is in the SD or FD. Moreover, 2 bits of a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU may indicate either: (a) a UEQM pattern in the SD; or (b) a number of QAM levels or modulation orders down on an RU with a lower signal quality or a frequency segment or subchannel with a higher interference level compared to that of one or more other RUs or frequency segments or subchannels in the FD.
[0064] In some implementations, a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU indicating the information of the UEQM may be defined on a per-user basis and in a User Info field of the PPDU.
[0065] In some implementations, the transmission of the PPDU may be performed with LDPC as an FEC for the UEQM in the SD or FD.
[0066] In some implementations, the information of the UEQM in the FD may include: (1) a lower QAM location; (2) a number of QAM level or modulation order down or up; and (3) an MCS for a higher or lower QAM level. In some implementations, the information of the UEQM in the FD may further include a UEQM pattern based on a 4-bit or 2-bit bitmap.
[0067] In some implementations, responsive to the transmission of the PPDU being performed on an 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, each bit of the 4-bit bitmap may indicate a difference in modulation level for a respective 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz frequency segment or subchannel relative to a QAM level or modulation order applied to one or more frequency segments or subchannels of the 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth. In some implementations, the difference in QAM level or modulation order may be at least 1 and up to 4.
[0068] In some implementations, the 2-bit bitmap may indicate a higher interference level in either a first half or a second half of a bandwidth in the FD.
[0069] In some implementations, the 2-bit bitmap may indicate the transmission of the PPDU is performed with EQM in the FD responsive to both bits of the 2-bit bitmap having a same value of 0 or 1.
[0070] In some implementations, a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU may indicate whether the transmission of the PPDU is performed with EQM in the FD or the UEQM in the SD or FD.
[0071] In some implementations, responsive to all bits of a signal quality bitmap in the plurality of signaling bits containing a same value of 0 or 1, the transmission of the PPDU may be performed with the EQM in the FD. In some implementations, responsive to all bits of a signal quality bitmap in the plurality of signaling bits containing a same value of 0 or 1 and 2 bits among the plurality of signaling bits for UEQM signaling indicating a UEQM pattern, the transmission of the PPDU may be performed with the UEQM in the SD.
[0072] In some implementations, responsive to all bits of a signal quality bitmap in the plurality of signaling bits not containing a same value of 0 or 1, the transmission of the PPDU may be performed with the UEQM in the FD. In some implementations, 2 bits of the plurality of signaling bits for UEQM signaling may indicate a number of QAM levels or modulation orders down for a QAM or modulation on an RU or frequency segment or subchannel with a higher interference level compared to that of one or more other RUs or frequency segments or subchannels.
[0073] In some implementations, the plurality of signaling bits may be contained in a U-SIG field or common field in the PPDU. Additional Notes
[0074] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0075] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0076] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0077] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:performing, by a processor of an apparatus, a wireless communication with a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) by either:generating and transmitting the PPDU; orreceiving and processing the PPDU,wherein the wireless communication is performed with a unified signaling indicating information of unequal modulation (UEQM) in a spatial domain (SD) or frequency domain (FD) with respect to a transmission of the PPDU over one or more spatial streams.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) subfield of 5 bits in the PPDU indicates an MCS on either:a first spatial stream (SS) responsive to the UEQM being in the SD; ora resource unit (RU) or frequency segment or subchannel with a higher signal quality compared to that of one or more other RUs or frequency segments or subchannels responsive to the UEQM being in the FD.3.The method of Claim 2, wherein 1 bit of a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU indicates whether the UEQM is in the SD or FD.4.The method of Claim 2, wherein 2 bits of a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU indicate either:a UEQM pattern in the SD; ora number of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) levels or modulation orders down on a resource unit (RU) with a lower signal quality or a frequency segment or subchannel with a higher interference level compared to that of one or more other RUs or frequency segments or subchannels in the FD.5.The method of Claim 1, wherein a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU indicating the information of the UEQM are defined on a per-user basis and in a User Info field of the PPDU.6.The method of Claim 1, wherein the transmission of the PPDU is performed with low-density parity-check (LDPC) as a forward error correction (FEC) for the UEQM in the SD or FD.7.The method of Claim 1, wherein the information of the UEQM in the FD comprises:a lower quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) location;a number of QAM level or modulation order down or up; anda modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for a higher or lower QAM level.8.The method of Claim 7, wherein the information of the UEQM in the FD further comprises a UEQM pattern based on a 4-bit or 2-bit bitmap.9.The method of Claim 8, wherein, responsive to the transmission of the PPDU being performed on an 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, each bit of the 4-bit bitmap indicates a difference in modulation level for a respective 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz frequency segment or subchannel relative to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) level or modulation order applied to one or more frequency segments or subchannels of the 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth.10.The method of Claim 9, wherein the difference in QAM level or modulation order is at least 1 and up to 4.11.The method of Claim 8, wherein the 2-bit bitmap indicates a higher interference level in either a first half or a second half of a bandwidth in the FD.12.The method of Claim 8, wherein the 2-bit bitmap indicates the transmission of the PPDU is performed with equal modulation (EQM) in the FD responsive to both bits of the 2-bit bitmap having a same value of 0 or 1.13.The method of Claim 1, wherein a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU indicate whether the transmission of the PPDU is performed with equal modulation (EQM) in the FD or the UEQM in the SD or FD.14.The method of Claim 13, wherein, responsive to all bits of a signal quality bitmap in the plurality of signaling bits containing a same value of 0 or 1, the transmission of the PPDU is performed with the EQM in the FD.15.The method of Claim 13, wherein, responsive to all bits of a signal quality bitmap in the plurality of signaling bits containing a same value of 0 or 1 and 2 bits among the plurality of signaling bits for UEQM signaling indicating a UEQM pattern, the transmission of the PPDU is performed with the UEQM in the SD.16.The method of Claim 13, wherein, responsive to all bits of a signal quality bitmap in the plurality of signaling bits not containing a same value of 0 or 1, the transmission of the PPDU is performed with the UEQM in the FD.17.The method of Claim 16, wherein 2 bits of the plurality of signaling bits for UEQM signaling indicate a number of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) levels or modulation orders down for a QAM or modulation on a resource unit (RU) or frequency segment or subchannel with a higher interference level compared to that of one or more other RUs or frequency segments or subchannels.18.The method of Claim 13, wherein the plurality of signaling bits are contained in a universal signaling (U-SIG) field or common field in the PPDU.19.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:performing, via the transceiver, a wireless communication with a physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) by either:generating and transmitting the PPDU; orreceiving and processing the PPDU,wherein the wireless communication is performed with a unified signaling indicating information of unequal modulation (UEQM) in a spatial domain (SD) or frequency domain (FD) with respect to a transmission of the PPDU over one or more spatial streams.20.The apparatus of Claim 19, wherein a plurality of signaling bits in the PPDU whether the transmission of the PPDU is performed with equal modulation (EQM) in the FD or the UEQM in the SD or FD.