Mark sequence designs for enhanced long range ppdu in wireless communications
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-17
Smart Images
Figure CN2025100880_18122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MARK SEQUENCE DESIGNS FOR ENHANCED LONG RANGE PPDU IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 659,972, filed 14 June 2024 and No. 63 / 664,417, filed 26 June 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to mark sequence designs for enhanced long range (ELR) physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communications, such as Wi-Fi (or WiFi) in wireless local area network (WLAN) systems in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, ELR has been considered as one of physical-layer (PHY) features for next-generation Wi-Fi 8 to improve uplink (UL) coverage range and close up the transmit (Tx) power gap between downlink (DL) and UL transmissions. The format of ELR PPDU has been studied and mainly consists of the following three parts: a legacy preamble part, an ELR preamble part, and an ELR data symbol part (ELR-DATA) . The legacy preamble part includes legacy short training field (L-STF) , legacy long training field (L-LTF) , legacy signal field (L-SIG) , repeated legacy signal field (RL-SIG) , and universal signal field (U-SIG) . The legacy preamble part is used for spoofing legacy devices (e.g., devices or stations (STAs) compliant with one or more of the IEEE 11g / n / ac / ax / be standards) . The ELR preamble part includes ELR mark symbols (ELR-MARK) , ELR short training field (ELR-STF) , ELR long training field (ELR-LTF) , and ELR signal field (ELR-SIG) .
[0005] It would be ideal for a device to determine as early as possible whether an ELR packet needs to be processed (e.g., due to the device being an intended recipient of the ELR packet) or dropped (e.g., due to the device not being an intended recipient) . Therefore, there is a need for a solution of mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications.SUMMARY
[0006] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0007] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses pertaining to mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications. It is believed that implementations of various schemes proposed herein may address or otherwise alleviate the aforementioned issues. For instance, under the various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure, a device may be enabled to perform “early drop” of a received ELR PPDU may be based on basic service set (BSS) color information carried in the ELR mark symbols. Specifically, there are different ELR mark sequence designs for ELR packet detection and BSS color bits signaling under the proposed schemes.
[0008] In one aspect, a method may involve generating an ELR PPDU. The method may also involve transmitting the ELR PPDU in a wireless communication. The ELR PPDU may include a legacy preamble part, an ELR preamble part, and an ELR data symbol part. The ELR preamble part may include ELR-MARK having two mark symbols, an ELR-STF, an ELR-LTF, and an ELR-SIG, with the ELR-MARK transmitted after the legacy preamble part (e.g., right after U-SIG of the legacy preamble part) .
[0009] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may generate an ELR PPDU. The processor may also transmit, via the transceiver, the ELR PPDU in a wireless communication. The ELR PPDU may include a legacy preamble part, an ELR preamble part, and an ELR data symbol part. The ELR preamble part may include ELR-MARK having two mark symbols, an ELR-STF, an ELR-LTF, and an ELR-SIG, with the ELR-MARK transmitted after the legacy preamble part (e.g., right after U-SIG of the legacy preamble part) .
[0010] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, Wi-Fi, the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as, for example and without limitation, Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5th Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) , Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Industrial IoT (IIoT) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) . Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example design under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example communication system under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example process under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0019] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0020] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. FIG. 2 ～ FIG. 7 illustrate examples of implementation of various proposed schemes in network environment 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The following description of various proposed schemes is provided with reference to FIG. 1 ～ FIG. 7.
[0022] Referring to FIG. 1, network environment 100 may involve at least a station (STA) 110 communicating wirelessly with a STA 120. Either of STA 110 and STA 120 may function as an access point (AP) STA or, alternatively, a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11bn and future-developed standards) . Each of STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate with each other by utilizing the mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications in accordance with various proposed schemes described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0023] As alluded to above, one motivation of ELR for next generation Wi-Fi is to improve the coverage range and close up the Tx power gap between DL and UL transmissions. To enable STAs to detect the ELR PPDU format reliably and decode the BSS color information (e.g., 6 bits of information) as early as possible, two ELR mark symbols may be added in an ELR PPDU. Under the proposed schemes, an orthogonal mark sequence design to convey the total 6 bits of BSS color information may involve either of: (a) 8 orthogonal mark sequences with length 48; or (b) 64 orthogonal mark sequences with length 96. Another objective of the proposed schemes is to aid in peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction by reducing ELR mark symbol PAPR.
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates an example design 200 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 200 may pertain to an ELR PPDU format. Referring to FIG. 2, two ELR mark symbols (namely, ELR-MARK1 and ELR-MARK2) may be transmitted. The BSS color information (6 bits) may be carried in the two ELR mark symbols. Additionally, each of the two ELR mark symbols may have the same guard interval (GI) and symbol duration as in U-SIG or Ultra High Reliability (UHR) signal field (UHR-SIG) . For instance, under the proposed scheme, the duration of the guard interval may be GI = 0.8μs for a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) duration. The number of fast Fourier transform points (Nfft) may be 64 (Nfft = 64) , with a total of 52 tones per mark symbol with 48 tones for mark sequence and 4 tones for pilot on each mark symbol. The mark sequence may be transmitted on tone locations of [-26: -22, -20: -8, -6: -1, 1:-6, 8: 20, 22: 26] , which may be the same tone locations as those of L-SIG or IEEE 802.11n 20MHz data tones. The 4 pilot tones may be the same as those of UHR-SIG. That is, the pilot tone locations may be [-21, -7, 7, 21] with values of [1, 1, 1, -1] and with polarity of p4 = -1, p5 =-1, which is equivalent to four pilots with values of [-1, -1, -1, 1] , applied on the first and second ELR mark symbols, respectively. Moreover, the ELR mark symbols may be power boosted (e.g., by 3dB or another amount) for transmission.
[0025] FIG. 3 illustrates an example design 300 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 300 may pertain to a first option (Option-1) of ELR mark symbol and sequences. Under the proposed scheme, each ELR mark symbol may carry 3 BSS color bits to allow a STA (e.g., STA 110 and / or STA 120) to independently detect the 3 bits on each ELR mark symbol, and the ELR-MARK may be transmitted right after the U-SIG fields (e.g., U-SIG2) . That is, the ELR-MARK (including the two ELR mark symbols of ELR-MARK1 and ELR-MARK2) may be the first ELR field in the ELR preamble part of the ELR PPDU, which is transmitted after the legacy preamble part and before the ELR data part of the ELR PPDU. For instance, two orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols may be used for ELR-MARK, with a GI of 0.8μs, Nfft = 64, so that the symbol duration may be 4μs = 0.8μs + 3.2μs. The two ELR mark symbols may carry a total of 6 bits of BSS color information, and there may be 8 orthogonal mark sequences for 3-bit signaling on each ELR-MARK symbol. One of the 8 orthogonal mark sequences may be transmitted on each mark symbol.
[0026] Under Option-1, ELR-MARK may include two symbols with Nfft = 64, 4μs duration and 0.8μs GI, and 52 tones. Each symbol may carry one of 8 orthogonal mark sequences (e.g., 3-bit signaling) . The BSS color may be independently detected from the two ELR mark symbols. The 8 orthogonal mark sequences may be either generated from Hadamard matrix with an order of 48 or from Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences. For Hadamard-based sequences, 52-tone mapping may be used in that a length-48 Hadamard sequence may map to locations of 48 data tones (e.g., [-26: -22 -20: -8 -6: -1, 1: 6 8: 20 22: 26] ) , with 4 pilot tones as with legacy 20MHz mapping to locations of [-21 -7 7 21] . The 4 pilots may not be transmitted.
[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates an example design 400 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 400 may pertain to a second option (Option-2) of ELR mark symbol and sequences. Under the proposed scheme, two ELR mark symbols together may carry 6 BSS color bits to allow a STA (e.g., STA 110 and / or STA 120) to jointly detect the 6 bits from the two ELR mark symbols, and the ELR-MARK may be transmitted right after the U-SIG fields (e.g., U-SIG2) . That is, the ELR-MARK (including the two ELR mark symbols of ELR-MARK1 and ELR-MARK2) may be the first ELR field in the ELR preamble part of the ELR PPDU, which is transmitted after the legacy preamble part and before the ELR data part of the ELR PPDU. For instance, two OFDM symbols may be used for ELR-MARK, with a GI of 0.8μs, Nfft = 64, so that the symbol duration may be 4μs = 0.8μs + 3.2μs. The two ELR mark symbols may carry a total of 6 bits of BSS color information, and there may be 64 orthogonal mark sequences for 6-bit signaling. One of the 64 orthogonal mark sequences may be transmitted over the two mark symbols.
[0028] Under Option-2, the 64 orthogonal mark sequences may be chosen from Hadamard matrix H96x96. The sequences may be selected from 64 rows of Hadamard matrix H96x96 with the lowest PAPR after applying common PAPR reduction masks. Additionally, each sequence length may be 96. The first half of the sequence (48 = 96 / 2) may be mapped to 48 data tone locations of first mark symbol, and the second half of the sequence (48 = 96 / 2) may be mapped to 48 data tone locations of second mark symbol. The 48 data tone locations may be the same as those under IEEE 11n 20MHz (e.g., [-26: -22 -20: -8 -6: -1, 1: 6 8: 20 22: 26] ) . The 4 pilot tones may not be transmitted.
[0029] FIG. 5 illustrates an example design 500 under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure. Design 500 may pertain to an ELR mark sequence design and PAPR reduction for 64 sequences with length = 96. Under the proposed scheme, the ELR mark sequence may be generated based on a Hadamard matrix structure as shown in FIG. 5. The 64 orthogonal mark sequences with length 96 may be generated from Hadamard matrix H96x96. The best 64 rows (or columns) of H96x96 with the lowest PAPR after applying PAPR reduction mask may be selected as the orthogonal ELR mark sequence. The common PAPR reduction mask may be applied on all of the 64 mark sequences. The PAPR reduction mask may be applied on the 48 tones only on each ELR mark symbol, and the same mask may be applied on each of the two ELR mark symbols. The PRPR reduction mask may not be applied on pilot tones. The 6 bits of BSS color information may be mapped to the 64 mark sequences. The first half of the mark sequence with length 96 and may be mapped to the first ELR mark symbol, and the second half of the mark sequence may be mapped to the second ELR mark symbol. The 6 bits BSS color information may be jointly detected from both ELR mark symbols.
[0030] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Option-A) with respect to ELR sequence selection and mark symbol transmission, the 64 mark sequences may be selected from the H96 with the row indexes of: {2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 48 50 51 52 53 56 59 63 64 65 66 68 69 75 76 77 78 80 81 82 83 88 89 90 91 92 93 96} (assuming the row index starting from 1, 2, 3, …) . The above 64 mark sequences may be selected by applying an 8-segment PAPR reduction mask. The 6 BSS color bits may be mapped to the 64 mark sequences such as, for example: “000000” as the first mark sequence from row-2, “000001” as the second mark sequence from row-3, “000010” as the third mark sequence from row-4, and so on. The first half of the mark sequence may be mapped to and transmitted on ELR mark symbol 1 (ELR-MARK1) , and the second half of the mark sequence may be mapped to and transmitted on ELR mark symbol 2 (ELR-MARK2) . The same PAPR reduction mask may be applied to both ELR mark symbols.
[0031] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Option-B) with respect to ELR sequence selection and mark symbol transmission, the 64 mark sequences may be selected from the H96 with the row indexes of: {2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 31 33 34 35 36 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 48 50 51 52 53 55 58 59 63 64 66 67 68 69 70 75 77 81 82 83 84 87 89 90 91 92 93 94 96} (assuming the row index starting from 1, 2, 3, …) . The above 64 mark sequences may be selected by applying an 8-segment PAPR reduction mask. The 6 BSS color bits may be mapped to the 64 mark sequences such as, for example: “000000” as the first mark sequence from row-2, “000001” as the second mark sequence from row-3, “000010” as the third mark sequence from row-4, and so on. The first half of the mark sequence may be mapped to and transmitted on ELR mark symbol 1 (ELR-MARK1) , and the second half of the mark sequence may be mapped to and transmitted on ELR mark symbol 2 (ELR-MARK2) . The same PAPR reduction mask may be applied to both ELR mark symbols. The mark symbol transmission may be expressed as follows, with a number of data-carrying subcarrier (Nsd) = 48 and dk denoting the mark sequence with length 48:
[0032] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure (Option-C1) with respect to ELR sequence selection and mark symbol transmission, the 64 mark sequences may be selected from the H96 with the row indexes of: {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 16 18 19 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 37 38 40 42 43 44 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 54 56 57 58 59 61 63 64 67 71 73 74 76 79 80 81 85 86 88 90 92 94 95 96} (assuming the row index starting from 1, 2, 3, …) . The above 64 mark sequences may be selected by applying the L-LTF sequence as PAPR reduction mask on each ELR mark symbol. The 6 BSS color bits may be mapped to the 64 mark sequences such as, for example: “000000” as the first mark sequence from column-1, “000001” as the second mark sequence from column-2, “000010” as the third mark sequence from column-3, and so on. Alternatively (Option-C2) , the 64 mark sequences may be selected from the H96 with the row indexes of: {1 2 3 4 5 7 8 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 55 59 60 66 69 71 72 73 75 76 81 82 84 85 86 88 90 91 93 94 95 96} (assuming the row index starting from 1, 2, 3, …) . The above 64 mark sequences may be selected by applying the L-LTF sequence as PAPR reduction mask on each ELR mark symbol. The 6 BSS color bits may be mapped to the 64 mark sequences such as, for example: “000000” as the first mark sequence from column-1, “000001” as the second mark sequence from column-2, “000010” as the third mark sequence from column-3, and so on. The first ELR mark symbol may carry the first half of length-96 mark sequence, and the second ELR mark symbol may carry the second half of length-96 mark sequence.
[0033] Under a proposed scheme in accordance with the present disclosure with respect to ELR mark sequence design and PAPR reduction for 64 sequences with length = 96, optimization of pilot values, mask sequence, and base Hadamard matrix H12 may be jointly performed. The pilot values may be selected per sequence. Alternatively, common pilot values for all 64 sequences but pilot values may be different from existing pilot values of [1 1 1 -1] *p4 (or p5) . Illustrative Implementations
[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates an example system 600 having at least an example apparatus 610 and an example apparatus 620 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications, including the various schemes described above with respect to various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above as well as processes described below. For instance, apparatus 610 may be implemented in STA 110 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in STA 120, or vice versa.
[0035] Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a non-AP STA or an AP STA, such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. When implemented in a STA, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smart watch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network apparatus, apparatus 610 and / or apparatus 620 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.
[0036] In some implementations, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the various schemes described above, each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 6 such as a processor 612 and a processor 622, respectively. Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and thus, such component (s) of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 are neither shown in FIG. 6 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0037] In one aspect, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “aprocessor” is used herein to refer to processor 612 and processor 622, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 612 and processor 622 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 612 and processor 622 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks including those pertaining to mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0038] In some implementations, apparatus 610 may also include a transceiver 616 coupled to processor 612. Transceiver 616 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some implementations, apparatus 620 may also include a transceiver 626 coupled to processor 622. Transceiver 626 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is noteworthy that, although transceiver 616 and transceiver 626 are illustrated as being external to and separate from processor 612 and processor 622, respectively, in some implementations, transceiver 616 may be an integral part of processor 612 as a system on chip (SoC) , and transceiver 626 may be an integral part of processor 622 as a SoC.
[0039] In some implementations, apparatus 610 may further include a memory 614 coupled to processor 612 and capable of being accessed by processor 612 and storing data therein. In some implementations, apparatus 620 may further include a memory 624 coupled to processor 622 and capable of being accessed by processor 622 and storing data therein. Each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 614 and memory 624 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) and / or phase-change memory.
[0040] Each of apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of apparatus 610, as STA 110, and apparatus 620, as STA 120, is provided below in the context of example process 700. It is noteworthy that, although a detailed description of capabilities, functionalities and / or technical features of apparatus 620 is provided below, the same may be applied to apparatus 610 although a detailed description thereof is not provided solely in the interest of brevity. It is also noteworthy that, although the example implementations described below are provided in the context of WLAN, the same may be implemented in other types of networks. Illustrative Processes
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates an example process 700 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 700 may represent an aspect of implementing various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 700 may represent an aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes pertaining to mark sequence designs for ELR PPDUs in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure. Process 700 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks such as 710 and 720. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 700 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 700 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 7 or, alternatively, in a different order. Furthermore, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of process 700 may be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 700 may be implemented by or in apparatus 610 and apparatus 620 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limiting the scope, process 700 is described below in the context of apparatus 610 implemented in or as STA 110 functioning as a non-AP STA or an AP STA and apparatus 620 implemented in or as STA 120 functioning as an AP STA or a non-AP STA of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100 in accordance with one or more of IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 700 may begin at block 710.
[0042] At 710, process 700 may involve processor 612 of apparatus 610 generating an ELR PPDU. Process 700 may proceed from 710 to 720.
[0043] At 720, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting, via transceiver 616, the ELR PPDU in a wireless communication. The ELR PPDU may include a legacy preamble part, an ELR preamble part, and an ELR data symbol part. The ELR preamble part may include an ELR mark field (ELR-MARK) having two mark symbols, an ELR short training field (ELR-STF) , an ELR long training field (ELR-LTF) , and an ELR signal field (ELR-SIG) , with the ELR-MARK transmitted after the legacy preamble part (e.g., right after U-SIG of the legacy preamble part) .
[0044] In some implementations, the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK may together carry 6 bits of BSS color information such that a recipient of the ELR PPDU (e.g., apparatus 620) may jointly detect the 6 bits from the two mark symbols. In some implementations, one of 64 orthogonal mark sequences for the 6 bits may be transmitted over the two mark symbols. In some implementations, the 64 orthogonal mark sequences may be with a length of 96 and may be chosen from a Hadamard matrix H96x96 which may specify 64 orthogonal sequences with each row of the Hadamard matrix corresponding to a BSS color. In some implementations, the 6 bits of BSS color information may be mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences.
[0045] In some implementations, the 6 bits of BSS color information may be mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences such as: (a) 000000 for a first orthogonal mark sequence from row 2 of the Hadamard matrix; (b) 000001 for a second orthogonal mark sequence from row 3 of the Hadamard matrix; and (c) 000010 for a third orthogonal mark sequence from row 4 of the Hadamard matrix.
[0046] Alternatively, the 6 bits of BSS color information may be mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences such as: (a) 000000 for a first orthogonal mark sequence from column 1 of the Hadamard matrix; (b) 000001 for a second orthogonal mark sequence from column 2 of the Hadamard matrix; and (c) 000010 for a third orthogonal mark sequence from column 3 of the Hadamard matrix.
[0047] Alternatively, the 6 bits of BSS color information may be mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences such as: (a) 000000 for a first orthogonal mark sequence from row 1 of the Hadamard matrix; (b) 000001 for a second orthogonal mark sequence from row 2 of the Hadamard matrix; and (c) 000010 for a third orthogonal mark sequence from row 3 of the Hadamard matrix.
[0048] In some implementations, each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK may have a same guard interval (GI) and a same symbol duration as with a U-SIG of the legacy preamble part.
[0049] In some implementations, for each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK, a number of fast Fourier transform points (Nfft) may be 64 (Nfft = 64) , with a total of 52 tones per mark symbol with 48 tones for a mark sequence and 4 pilot tones on each mark symbol. In some implementations, in transmitting the ELR PPDU, process 700 may involve processor 612 transmitting the ELR PPDU with a PAPR reduction mask applied to the 48 tones of each mark symbol. In some implementations, first half of a mark sequence with a length of 96 may be mapped to a first mark symbol of the two mark symbols of the ELR-MARK, and a second half of the mark sequence may be mapped to a second mark symbol of the two mark symbols of the ELR-MARK. In some implementations, the 4 pilot tones may be transmitted on tone locations of [-21, -7, 7, 21] with values of [1, 1, 1, -1] and polarity of p4 = -1, p5= -1, which is equivalent to four pilots with values of [-1, -1, -1, 1] .
[0050] In some implementations, each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK may be transmitted on tone locations of [-26: -22, -20: -8, -6: -1, 1: -6, 8: 20, 22: 26] .
[0051] In some implementations, each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK may be transmitted on tone locations that are same with the tone locations of an L-SIG of the legacy preamble part or IEEE 802.11n 20MHz data tones. Additional Notes
[0052] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0053] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0054] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0055] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:generating, by a processor of an apparatus, an enhanced long range (ELR) physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andtransmitting, by the processor, the ELR PPDU in a wireless communication,wherein the ELR PPDU comprises a legacy preamble part, an ELR preamble part, and an ELR data symbol part, andwherein the ELR preamble part comprises an ELR mark field (ELR-MARK) comprising two mark symbols, an ELR short training field (ELR-STF) , an ELR long training field (ELR-LTF) , and an ELR signal field (ELR-SIG) , with the ELR-MARK transmitted after the legacy preamble part.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK together carry 6 bits of basic service set (BSS) color information such that a recipient of the ELR PPDU jointly detects the 6 bits from the two mark symbols.3.The method of Claim 2, wherein one of 64 orthogonal mark sequences for the 6 bits is transmitted over the two mark symbols.4.The method of Claim 3, wherein the 64 orthogonal mark sequences are with a length of 96 and are chosen from a Hadamard matrix H96x96 which specifies 64 orthogonal sequences with each row of the Hadamard matrix corresponding to a BSS color.5.The method of Claim 3, wherein the 6 bits of BSS color information are mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences.6.The method of Claim 5, wherein the 6 bits of BSS color information are mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences such as:000000 for a first orthogonal mark sequence from row 2 of the Hadamard matrix;000001 for a second orthogonal mark sequence from row 3 of the Hadamard matrix; and000010 for a third orthogonal mark sequence from row 4 of the Hadamard matrix.7.The method of Claim 5, wherein the 6 bits of BSS color information are mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences such as:000000 for a first orthogonal mark sequence from column 1 of the Hadamard matrix;000001 for a second orthogonal mark sequence from column 2 of the Hadamard matrix; and000010 for a third orthogonal mark sequence from column 3 of the Hadamard matrix.8.The method of Claim 5, wherein the 6 bits of BSS color information are mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences such as:000000 for a first orthogonal mark sequence from row 1 of the Hadamard matrix;000001 for a second orthogonal mark sequence from row 2 of the Hadamard matrix; and000010 for a third orthogonal mark sequence from row 3 of the Hadamard matrix.9.The method of Claim 1, wherein each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK has a same guard interval (GI) and a same symbol duration as with a universal signal field (U-SIG) of the legacy preamble part.10.The method of Claim 1, wherein, for each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK, a number of fast Fourier transform points (Nfft) is 64 (Nfft = 64) , with a total of 52 tones per mark symbol with 48 tones for a mark sequence and 4 pilot tones on each mark symbol.11.The method of Claim 10, wherein the transmitting of the ELR PPDU comprises transmitting the ELR PPDU with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction mask applied to the 48 tones of each mark symbol.12.The method of Claim 10, wherein a first half of a mark sequence with a length of 96 is mapped to a first mark symbol of the two mark symbols of the ELR-MARK, and wherein a second half of the mark sequence is mapped to a second mark symbol of the two mark symbols of the ELR-MARK.13.The method of Claim 10, wherein the 4 pilot tones are transmitted on tone locations of [-21, -7, 7, 21] with values of [1, 1, 1, -1] and polarity of p4 = -1, p5= -1, which is equivalent to four pilots with values of [-1, -1, -1, 1] .14.The method of Claim 1, wherein each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK is transmitted on tone locations of [-26: -22, -20: -8, -6: -1, 1: -6, 8: 20, 22: 26] .15.The method of Claim 1, wherein each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK is transmitted on tone locations that are same with the tone locations of a legacy signal field (L-SIG) of the legacy preamble part or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11n 20MHz data tones.16.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly; anda processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations comprising:generating an enhanced long range (ELR) physical-layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; andtransmitting, via the transceiver, the ELR PPDU in a wireless communication,wherein the ELR PPDU comprises a legacy preamble part, an ELR preamble part, and an ELR data symbol part, andwherein the ELR preamble part comprises an ELR mark field (ELR-MARK) comprising two mark symbols, an ELR short training field (ELR-STF) , an ELR long training field (ELR-LTF) , and an ELR signal field (ELR-SIG) , with the ELR-MARK transmitted after the legacy preamble part.17.The apparatus of Claim 16, wherein the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK together carry 6 bits of basic service set (BSS) color information such that a recipient of the ELR PPDU jointly detects the 6 bits from the two mark symbols.18.The apparatus of Claim 17, wherein one of 64 orthogonal mark sequences for the 6 bits is transmitted over the two mark symbols, wherein the 64 orthogonal mark sequences are with a length of 64 and are chosen from a Hadamard matrix H96x96, and wherein the 6 bits of BSS color information are mapped to the 64 orthogonal mark sequences.19.The apparatus of Claim 16, wherein each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK has a same guard interval (GI) and a same symbol duration as with a universal signal field (U-SIG) of the legacy preamble part.20.The apparatus of Claim 16, wherein, for each of the two mark symbols of ELR-MARK, a number of fast Fourier transform points (Nfft) is 64 (Nfft = 64) , with a total of 52 tones per mark symbol with 48 tones for a mark sequence and 4 pilot tones on each mark symbol, wherein the transmitting of the ELR PPDU comprises transmitting the ELR PPDU with a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction mask applied to the 48 tones of each mark symbol, and wherein a first half of a mark sequence with a length of 96 is mapped to a first mark symbol of the two mark symbols of the ELR-MARK, and wherein a second half of the mark sequence is mapped to a second mark symbol of the two mark symbols of the ELR-MARK.