Temporary fixing of structures

Abstract

Temporary fixing of structures The invention relates to a fixing (10) for the temporary assembly of structures, comprising: - a hollow main body (34, 42); - elastic clamps comprising a hooking beak; - a spacer (28); and - an actuating element (30), rotatably movable relative to the main body. The fixing further comprises a tubular clamp body (24), movable relative to the main body; the clamp body comprising a first portion (50) comprising longitudinal openings (56); each elastic clamp being fixed to one of the longitudinal openings; each elastic clamp being movable between a retracted position, in which the hooking beak is arranged in the corresponding longitudinal opening, and a deployed position, in which the hooking beak forms a projection relative to the radial surface. The clamp body further comprises a second portion (52), connected to the actuating element (30).Figure for abstract: Figure 1.

Description

Title of the invention: Temporary fixing of structures

[0001] The present invention relates to a fastener for the temporary assembly of at least two previously drilled structures, of the type comprising: a hollow main body, extending along an axis; a plurality of elastic clips extending between a first and a second end, the first end of each elastic clip comprising a hooking beak; a spacer extending along the axis, the spacer being fixed in translation relative to the main body; and an actuating element, extending along the axis inside the main body, said actuating element being fixed in translation and movable in rotation relative to the main body.

[0002] The invention applies particularly to temporary fasteners of the pinning staple type.

[0003] In the aeronautical industry, before carrying out the final assembly of two structural elements, it is known to carry out a temporary assembly of said elements by means of temporary fixings inserted into through holes. Such temporary fixings are described in particular in document EP3781825 in the name of the Applicant.

[0004] When a temporary fastener is removed from structural members by means of a robot, it may happen that the removal is not carried out in a direction exactly perpendicular to the surface of the members. The jaws then risk catching the rear surface, which blocks the removal of the temporary fastener.

[0005] The aim of the invention is then to propose a fixing as described above, making it possible to remove the temporary fixing without catching the beaks on the rear face, even if the direction of removal is not in a direction exactly perpendicular to the surface of the elements.

[0006] To this end, the invention relates to a fastener of the aforementioned type, further comprising a tubular clamp body, movable relative to the main body and extending along the axis. The clamp body comprises a first portion comprising: a radial surface, substantially cylindrical in revolution; and a plurality of longitudinal openings; each longitudinal opening extending between a first and a second end, the second end of each elastic clamp being fixed to the second end of one of the longitudinal openings; the first end of each elastic clamp being movable between a retracted position, in which the hooking beak of said first end is arranged in the corresponding longitudinal opening and entirely contained within the radial surface, and a deployed position, in which the hooking beak of said first end forms a radial projection relative to the radial surface.The clamp body includes . further a second portion, axially adjacent to the first portion, a first end of the actuating element being connected to said second portion by a thread / tapping type mechanism.

[0007] Thus, thanks to the tubular structure of the clamp body, the clamp body aligns with the bore and the fastener can be removed easily, because the jaws are housed inside the tubular portion. The tubular clamp body also has the advantage of having good centering, an increased bearing surface on the jaws, better shear strength and higher tensile strength than a temporary fastener of the prior art.

[0008] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the fixing comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0009] - at least one end of the main body comprises a first shape of rotation lock;

[0010] - the fixing further comprising a holding element, arranged in the body main body, said holding element comprising a second rotational locking form, capable of cooperating with the first rotational locking form of the main body to lock the holding element in rotation relative to the main body;

[0011] - the second portion of the clamp body and the holding element comprise a first and second complementary rotation locking members, so that said clamp body is fixed in rotation and movable in translation relative to the main body;

[0012] - the holding element comprises an annular plate provided with a first orifice and two legs extending from said plate in a direction along the axis, the second portion of the clamp body being disposed between the legs of the holding element and resting against the annular plate, the first tubular portion passing through the first orifice of the annular plate and extending axially in a direction opposite to the direction of the legs;

[0013] - the spacer is cylindrical in shape and extends along the axis inside the body of clamps, holding element and actuating element;

[0014] - the spacer is integral with the holding element;

[0015] - the spacer is integral with the actuating element;

[0016] - the first form of rotational locking is a diametrical slot, the spacer comprises at least one arm extending perpendicular to the axis, said arm being housed in the diametrical slot; and the clamp body comprises at least one longitudinal slot in which said arm is able to slide during a movement of the clamp body relative to the spreader along the axis;

[0017] - a second end of the actuating element comprises means for driving said actuating element in rotation.

[0018] The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a fastener as described above, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface, substantially cylindrical in revolution, of the first portion of the clamp body; then cutting said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings and a blank of the clamps; then shaping and bending said blanks to lead to the clamps maintaining the retracted position inside the longitudinal openings.

[0019] The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a fastener as described above, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface, substantially cylindrical in revolution, of the first portion of the clamp body; then arranging recesses in said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings; then fixing a clamp to a rear end of each of said longitudinal openings.

[0020] The invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the drawings in which:

[0021] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] is an exploded view of a fastener according to a first method of rea lization of the invention;

[0022] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a sectional view of the attachment of [Fig.l];

[0023] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a partially exploded view of a fastener according to a second embodiment of the invention;

[0024] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a sectional view of the attachment of [Fig.3];

[0025] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] is an exploded view of a fixing according to a third method of rea lization of the invention;

[0026] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is a sectional view of the attachment of [Fig.5];

[0027] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] is an exploded view of a fastener according to a fourth method of rea lization of the invention; and

[0028] [Fig.8] [Fig.8] is a sectional view of an assembly comprising the attachment of the [Fig.7].

[0029] Figures 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 show respectively: a fastener 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention; a fastener 110 according to a second embodiment of the invention; a fastener 210 according to a third embodiment of the invention; and a fastener 310 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

[0030] In the following description, the fasteners 10, 110, 210 and 310 will be described simultaneously, with similar elements of the fasteners being designated by the same reference numbers.

[0031] The fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 is capable of temporarily assembling at least two structures 12, to form an assembly 13. The structures 12 and the assembly 13 are visible in [Fig. 8]. For the purposes of simplification, the structures 12 are shown in a single piece, defining two opposite faces 14, 16. A bore 18 passes through the structures 12 from the first 14 to the second 16 face.

[0032] The fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 extends along an axis 20 and comprises: a main body 22, 122, 222, 322; a clamp body 24, 324; a plurality of elastic clamps 26; a spacer 28, 128, 328; and an actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330. In the first, second and third embodiments, the fastener 10, 110, 210 further comprises a holding element 32, 132, 232.

[0033] In the embodiments shown, the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 is formed of a hollow tubular part 34, 134, 234, 334, and an end piece 42. The tubular part defines an internal cavity 36 of substantially cylindrical shape along the axis 20. The tubular part extends between a front end 38, 338 and a rear end 40. The end piece 42 is fixed to the front end 38, 338 of the tubular part, preferably by a thread / tapping assembly. The end piece 42 comprises a bearing face 44 substantially perpendicular to the axis 20, capable of coming into contact with the first face 14 of the structures 12. The bearing face 44 comprises a central opening 46 communicating with the internal cavity 36.

[0034] In the first, third and fourth embodiments, the external surface of the tubular part comprises rotation locking means 48, 248, 348, such as flats or teeth. The rotation locking means are in particular capable of locking the main body 22, 222, 322 in rotation in a laying nose (not shown).

[0035] In the second embodiment of Figures 3 and 4, the external surface of the main body 122 has a cylindrical revolution shape. The rotational locking of the fixing 110 is carried out for example by means of a setting tool provided with a roller cage.

[0036] The external shape of the main body is preferably adapted to the installation means: the external surface of one of the four embodiments can thus be used in one of the three other embodiments, without impact on the internal operation of the fixing 10, 110, 210, 310.

[0037] The front end 38, 338 of the tubular part 34, 134, 234, 334 comprises a first rotation locking form 49, 349. In the first, second and third embodiments, said first rotation locking form is a multi-sided internal surface 49. In the fourth embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, said first rotation locking form is a diametrical groove 349, extending axially in the front end 338. The first rotation locking form 49, 349 is adapted to block the rotation of, respectively, the holding element 32, 132, 232 and the spacer 328, during the installation or removal of the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, as will be described later.

[0038] The clamp body 24, 324 has a tubular shape and extends along the axis 20. The clamp body comprises a front portion 50, 350 and a rear portion 52, 352 axially adjacent and integral with one another.

[0039] The front portion 50, 350 is intended to pass through the drilling 18 of the structures 12.

[0040] The front portion 50, 350 comprises: a radial surface 54; a front wall 55; and a plurality of longitudinal openings 56.

[0041] The radial surface 54 is substantially cylindrical of revolution around the axis 20. The front wall 55 is substantially perpendicular to the axis 20 and forms an axial end of the radial surface 54, opposite the rear portion 52, 352.

[0042] In the embodiments shown, the front portion 50, 350 comprises two longitudinal cutouts or openings 56 parallel to the axis 20 and facing each other with respect to said axis 20. Each longitudinal opening extends between a closed front and rear end. Said front end is preferably arranged at a first non-zero axial distance from the front wall 55.

[0043] In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the front portion 350 further comprises two slots 358 parallel to the axis 20 and facing each other with respect to said axis 20. Each slot 358 extends between a front end and a rear end. Said front end is closed, and is axially offset from the front ends of the longitudinal openings 56. It is preferably arranged at a second non-zero axial distance from the front wall 55, greater than the first axial distance.

[0044] The longitudinal openings 56 and the slots 358 are angularly alternated in a regular manner around the axis 20.

[0045] The rear portion 52, 352 has an external diameter greater than an external diameter of the radial surface 54 of the first portion. The rear portion is connected to the front portion by a shoulder 60, 360. A radial surface of the rear portion 52, 352 has a thread 62.

[0046] The rear portion 52, 352 comprises a first member 64, 364 for locking the clamp body 24, 324 against rotation. In the first, second and third embodiments of the invention, the first member for locking the clamp body against rotation is formed by flats 64 parallel to the axis 20. More precisely, in the first, second and third embodiments, the rear portion 52 comprises two flats 64 parallel to each other and arranged on either side of the axis 20.

[0047] In the fourth embodiment of figures 7 and 8, the first rotation locking member of the clamp body is formed by a transverse groove 364, formed in the shoulder 360 and passing through the second end of the slots 358 of the front portion 350.

[0048] The rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324 is disposed in the main body 22, 122, 222, 322; and the front portion 50, 350 passes through the central opening 46.

[0049] The elastic clips 26 are substantially identical, at least two in number. Each elastic clip 26 extends between a first and a second end, the first end comprising a hooking beak 66.

[0050] The second end of each elastic clamp 26 is fixed to the second end of one of the longitudinal openings 56 of the clamp body 24, 124.

[0051] In each of Figures 1 to 6, the elastic clips 26 are shown in a retracted configuration. In said retracted configuration, the hooking beak 66 of each elastic clip 26 is disposed in the corresponding longitudinal opening 56. More specifically, in the retracted configuration, each elastic clip 56, including the hooking beak 66, is entirely contained within the radial surface 54 of the front portion 50, 350 of the clip body 24, 324.

[0052] In Figures 7 and 8, the elastic clips 26 are shown in a deployed configuration. In said deployed configuration, the hooking beak 66 of each elastic clip 26 forms a radial projection relative to the radial surface 54.

[0053] Each elastic clamp 26 is capable of elastically deforming between the retracted and deployed configurations. In the absence of mechanical stress, each elastic clamp is in the retracted configuration, as in FIGS. 1 to 6.

[0054] The spacer 28, 128, 328 extends along the axis 20 between a first end 70, 370, called the front end, and a second end 72, 172, 372, called the rear end.

[0055] The spacer 28, 128, 328 passes through the central opening 46 of the main body 22, 122, 222, 322, so that the front 70, 370 and rear 72, 172, 372 ends are located respectively outside and inside said main body.

[0056] In the first, second and third embodiments, the spacer 28, 128, 228 has a cylindrical shape extending along the axis 20 between the front 70 and rear 72, 172 ends.

[0057] In the fourth embodiment of Figures 7 and 8, the spreader 328 comprises: a main part 374, substantially rectilinear along the axis 20 between the front 370 and rear 372 ends; and at least one arm 375, extending perpendicular to the axis 20 from the rear end 372. More precisely, in the embodiment shown, the spreader 328 has a T shape and comprises two arms 375 extending perpendicular to the axis 20 at the rear end 372.

[0058] The arms 375 of the spreader 328 are housed in the diametrical groove 349 of the tubular part 334 of the main body 322 so that the spreader is locked in rotation and in translation relative to the main body.

[0059] The actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is arranged inside the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. In the embodiments shown, the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is fixed in translation and movable in rotation relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322.

[0060] The actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 extends along the axis 20 between a front end 74 and a rear end 76, 176, 276, 376. The rear end 76, 176, 276, 376 of the actuating element is arranged at the rear end 40 of the body 22, 122, 222, 322.

[0061] The front end 74 of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is open and connected to the rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324 by a thread / tapping type mechanism. In the embodiments shown, the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 has a tubular shape; and an internal surface of said actuating element comprises a tapping 78 adapted to cooperate with the thread 62 of the rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324.

[0062] In the second and third embodiments, the rear end 172 of the spacer 128, 228 is fixed to the rear end 176, 276 of the actuating element 130, 230 for example by brazing or crimping, so that the spacer can neither rotate nor move axially relative to the actuating element.

[0063] In the embodiments shown, the rear end 76, 176, 276, 376 of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 comprises a means 80, 180, 280, 380 for driving in rotation relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. In the first, second and fourth embodiments, said means for driving in rotation is an axial imprint 80, 180, 380, forming a cavity in the rear end 76, 176, 376 of the actuating element. In the third embodiment of figures 5 and 6, said rotational drive means is formed by sections 280 parallel to the axis 20 and arranged on an external surface of the rear end 276 of the actuating element.

[0064] The holding element 32, 132, 232 of the first, second and third embodiments is arranged in the main body 22, 122, 222 and fixed in rotation and in translation relative to said main body. Furthermore, said holding element 32, 132, 232 comprises a second rotation-locking member 82, 182, 282, capable of cooperating with the first rotation-locking member 64 to lock the clamp body 24 in rotation relative to the main body 22, 122, 222.

[0065] More specifically, the holding element 32, 132, 232 comprises an annular plate 84 and two axially extending tabs 86, 186, 286. In the first and second embodiments, the holding element 32, 132 further comprises a joining piece 88, 188.

[0066] The annular plate 84 is arranged perpendicular to the axis 20 and comprises a first orifice 89, 289 centered on said axis 20. In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4, the first orifice 89 has a shape complementary to the rear portion 52. In the embodiment of Figures 5-6, the central orifice 289 is cylindrical. In the embodiments of Figures 1 to 6, a minimum dimension of the first orifice 89, 289 is greater than the diameter of the front portion 50 of the clamp body. In the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, the diameter of the orifice 289 is less than the outside diameter of the rear portion 52. The annular plate 84 is in contact with the end piece 42, the center of the first orifice 89 being aligned with the center of the central opening 46 of said end piece.

[0067] The front portion 50 of the clamp body 24 passes through the first orifice 89, 289 and extends axially in a direction opposite to the direction of the legs. In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 4, the rear portion 52 of the clamp body also passes through the first orifice 89. In the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, the rear portion 52 rests against a face of the annular plate 84.

[0068] An outer edge of the annular plate 84 comprises a second rotation-locking shape 90, capable of cooperating with the first rotation-locking shape 49 of the front end 36 of the tubular portion 34, 134, 234 of the main body 22, 122, 222. In the embodiments shown, the second rotation-locking shape 90 is a multi-sided outer surface, capable of fitting into the multi-sided inner surface 49 of the main body 22, 122, 222 to lock the holding element 32, 132, 232 in rotation relative to said main body. Other anti-rotation shapes blocking the rotation of the holding element 32, 132, 232 relative to the tubular part 33, 133, 233 can be implemented, such as for example a device of complementary grooves and splines.

[0069] The tabs 86, 186, 286 form a rear projection relative to the annular plate 84 from an edge of the first orifice 89, 289. Said tabs 86, 186 and / or said edge of the first orifice 89, 289 comprise flat surfaces 282 parallel to the axis 20. Said flat surfaces form the second rotation-locking member 82, 182, 282 and are capable of coming into contact with the flats 64 of the rear portion 52 of the clamp body 24.

[0070] The legs 86, 186, 286 extend inside the actuating element 30, 130, 230.

[0071] In the third embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, each tab 286 has a free rear end, opposite the annular plate 84. In the first and second embodiments, the joining piece 88, 188 is secured to the rear ends of the tabs 86, 186 opposite the annular plate 84. The joining piece 88, 188 and the tabs 86, 186, 286 are arranged inside the element actuating 30, 130.

[0072] In the first embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the rear end 72 of the spacer 28 is secured to the connecting piece 88, for example by brazing or crimping. The spacer 28 is thus fixed in rotation and in translation relative to the main body 22 and to the actuating element 30. In the second embodiment of Figures 3 and 4, the connecting piece 188 is pierced with a second orifice 192 whose center is aligned with the center of the first orifice 89, 289, said second orifice being crossed by the rear end 172 of the spacer 128. Said spacer 128 is free to rotate in the orifices 89, 192 relative to the main body 122, since it is linked in rotation with the actuating element 130.

[0073] In an initial state of the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, the clamp body 24, 324 has a first axial position relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. The shoulder 60 of the clamp body 24, 124 of the fasteners 10 and 110 bears against an internal face of the end piece. The initial state of the fastener 10, 110, 210 is shown in particular in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6.

[0074] In the initial state of the attachment 10, 110, 210, 310, the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clips 26 are axially spaced from the front end 70, 370 of the spacer 28, 128, 328; and said elastic clips 26 are in the retracted configuration of FIGS. 1 to 6.

[0075] In the initial state of the attachment 310 of figures 7 and 8, the arms 375 of the spreader 328 are housed in the slots 358 and in the transverse groove 364 of the clamp body 324.

[0076] In an installed state of the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, the clamp body 24, 324 has a second axial position relative to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322. In said second axial position, the rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324 is closer to the rear end 40 of the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 than in the first axial position of the initial state.

[0077] The installed state of the fastener 310 is shown in [Fig.8] in the assembly 13.

[0078] In the installed state of the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 are arranged around the front end 70, 370 of the retractor 28, 128, 328; and said elastic clamps 26 are in the deployed configuration of Figures 7 and 8.

[0079] More precisely, in the assembly 13 of [Fig. 8], the clamp body 324 is arranged in the bore 18; the bearing face 44 of the main body 322 and the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 are in contact respectively with the first 14 and the second 16 faces of the structures 12; and an axial clamping force is exerted on said structures 12 by the fixing 310.

[0080] A method of installing the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 will now be described.

[0081] At the start of the installation process, the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 is in the initial state described above.

[0082] The fastener 10, 110, 210, 310 in the initial state is assembled to a manual or robotic installation tool (not shown), provided with an installation nose or an installation module as described for example in the document FR3005886 in the name of the Applicant. The robot or the operator inserts the clamp body 24, 324 into the bore 18 of the structures 12, until the bearing face 44 of the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 comes into contact with the first face 14 of said structures. The hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 then form an axial projection relative to the second face 16 of the structures 12.

[0083] Then, the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 is held fixed by the installation tool relative to the structures 12; and the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is driven in rotation relative to said main body. For this purpose, the nose or the installation module is coupled to the means 80, 180, 280, 380 for driving the actuating element in rotation.

[0084] In the second and third embodiments, the rotation of the actuating element 130, 230 drives the spacer 128 in rotation, said spacer remaining fixed in translation relative to the main body 122, 222.

[0085] Under the effect of the rotation of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330, the tapping 78 cooperates with the thread 62 of the rear portion 52, 352 of the clamp body 24, 324. Said clamp body moves axially in the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 towards the rear end 40, while being blocked in rotation relative to said main body.

[0086] More specifically, in the first, second and third embodiments, the clamp body 24 moves axially relative to the holding element 32, 132, 232 while being locked in rotation by the cooperation of the first 64 and second 82, 182, 282 rotation locking members. In the fourth embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, the arms 375 of the spreader 328 slide in the slots 358 of the clamp body 324, ensuring the rotational locking of said clamp body relative to the main body 322.

[0087] Thus, the hooking beaks 66 of the elastic clamps 26 move axially closer to the front end 70, 370 of the spreader 28, 128, 328.

[0088] When said hooking beaks 66 reach said front end 70, 370, the hooking beaks 66 move away from each other and form a radial projection relative to the radial surface 54 of the clamp body 24, 324.

[0089] The rotation of the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 is continued until the hooking beaks 66 come into contact with the second face 16 of the structures 12 and the desired force is applied to said structures.

[0090] The assembly 13 thus formed is disassembled by assembling the installation tool to the main body 22, 122, 222, 322 of the fastener, and by rotating the actuating element 30, 130, 230, 330 in the opposite direction, so as to return the fastener to the initial state. Said fastener can then be dissociated from the structures 12 and reused.

[0091] A method of manufacturing the fastener 10, 110, 210, 310, in particular the clamp body 24, 324 and the clamps 26, will now be described.

[0092] According to a first embodiment, the radial surface 54 of the clamp body is wire-cut, so as to form a blank of the clamps 26 in a single piece in the cylinder, as well as the longitudinal openings 56. The clamp blanks are then machined to form the jaws 66, then curved, so as to maintain their retracted position inside the clamp body.

[0093] According to a second embodiment, recesses are first provided in the radial surface 54 of the clamp body to form the longitudinal openings 56; then a clamp 26 is fixed to the rear end of each of said longitudinal openings 56, for example by welding.

Claims

Claims

1. Fastening (10, 110, 210, 310) for the temporary assembly of at least two previously drilled structures, said fastening comprising: - a hollow main body (22, 122, 222, 322), extending along an axis (20); - a plurality of elastic clips (26) extending between a first and a second end, the first end of each elastic clip comprising a hooking beak (66); - a spacer (28, 128, 328) extending along the axis (20), the spacer being fixed in translation relative to the main body (22, 122, 222, 322); and - an actuating element (30, 130, 230, 330), extending along the axis inside the main body, said actuating element being fixed in translation and movable in rotation relative to the main body (22, 122, 222, 322); the attachment being characterized in that it further comprises a tubular clamp body (24, 324), movable relative to the main body and extending along the axis; the clamp body comprising a first portion (50, 350) comprising: a radial surface (54), substantially cylindrical of revolution; and a plurality of longitudinal openings (56); each longitudinal opening extending between a first and a second end, the second end of each elastic clip being attached to the second end of one of the longitudinal openings; the first end of each elastic clamp being movable between a retracted position, in which the hooking beak (66) of said first end is disposed in the corresponding longitudinal opening and entirely contained within the radial surface (54), and a deployed position, in which the hooking beak of said first end forms a radial projection relative to the radial surface; the clamp body further comprising a second portion (52, 352), axially adjacent to the first portion, a first end of the actuating element being connected to said second portion by a thread / tapping type mechanism (62, 78).

2. A fastener according to claim 1, wherein at least one end of the main body comprises a first rotational locking form (49, 349).

3. A fastener (10, 110, 210) according to claim 2, further comprising a holding element (32, 132, 232), disposed in the main body, said holding element comprising a second rotational locking form (90), adapted to cooperate with the first rotational locking form (49) of the main body to rotationally lock the holding element relative to the main body.

4. Fastening according to claim 3, in which the second portion (52) of the clamp body (24) and the holding element comprise a first (64) and a second (282) complementary rotation locking members, so that said clamp body is fixed in rotation and movable in translation relative to the main body.

5. A fastener (10, 110, 210) according to claim 4, wherein the holding element comprises an annular plate (84) provided with a first orifice (89, 289) and two tabs (86, 186, 286) extending from said plate in a direction along the axis, the second portion (52) of the clamp body (24) being disposed between the tabs of the holding element and resting against the annular plate, the first tubular portion passing through the first orifice of the annular plate and extending axially in a direction opposite to the direction of the tabs.

6. The fastener (10, 110, 210) of claim 5, wherein the spacer (28) is cylindrical in shape and extends axially within the clamp body (24), the holding member (32, 132, 232) and the actuating member (30, 130, 230).

7. A fastener (10) according to claim 6, wherein the spacer is integral with the holding element.

8. A fastener (110, 210) according to claim 6, wherein the spacer (128) is integral with the actuating element (130, 230.

9. Fastener (310) according to claim 2, in which: the first rotational locking form is a diametrical slot (349), the spacer (328) comprises at least one arm (375) extending perpendicular to the axis, said arm being housed in the diametrical slot (340); and the clamp body comprises at least one longitudinal slot (358) in which said arm is able to slide during a movement of the clamp body (324) relative to the spacer along the axis (20).

10. A fastener according to any preceding claim, wherein a second end of the actuating element comprises means (80, 180, 280, 380) for driving said actuating element in rotation.

11. Method of manufacturing a fastener according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface (54), substantially cylindrical of revolution, of the first portion (50, 350) of the clamp body (24, 324); then cutting said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings (56) and a blank of the clamps (26); then shaping and bending said blanks to lead to the clamps (26) maintaining the retracted position inside the longitudinal openings.

12. A method of manufacturing a fastener according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps: manufacturing the radial surface (54), substantially cylindrical in revolution, of the first portion (50, 350) of the clamp body (24, 324); then arranging recesses in said radial surface, so as to form the longitudinal openings (56); then fixing a clamp (26) to a rear end of each of said longitudinal openings (56).

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