Structural arrangement for motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural arrangement (1) for a motor vehicle, the structural arrangement (1) comprising a central console (11) which extends along a longitudinal axis (X) of the motor vehicle, the central console (11) being fixed rigidly to a floor of said motor vehicle, two front half-axles (13) each comprising an upper suspension support (131), the front half-axles (13) extending forward of the central console (11), relative to the longitudinal axis (X). According to the invention, the central console (11) comprises two lateral flanges (12) connected to each other by spacers (121), the structural arrangement (1) further comprising first force transmission elements (14) which extend in an inclined manner – relative to the longitudinal axis (X) and / or the transverse axis (Y) and / or the vertical axis (Z) – between an upper suspension support (131) of the front half-axles (13) and the central console (11).Figure to be published with the abbreviation: Fig. 2.

Description

Title of the invention: Structural arrangement for a motor vehicle

[0001] The technical context of the present invention is that of the mechanical architecture of a motor vehicle, and in particular the architectural elements contributing to the creation of longitudinal stress pathways in a motor vehicle chassis structure. More specifically, the invention relates to a structural arrangement for a motor vehicle.

[0002] In the prior art, the use of a floor in the form of a shaped sheet metal supported by two longitudinal stringers on each lateral side of the floor, as well as by cross members extending transversely between the two stringers, is known. The use of such a floor incorporating a tunnel for the passage of transmission components or for the exhaust system is also known.

[0003] In addition, we also know of the use of a central console located between the front seats and made of composite trim which serves only as storage space and / or to house a passenger compartment air conditioning unit.

[0004] Such structural arrangements are very common but are not optimal from the point of view of transmitting longitudinal forces in the event of a frontal impact. Indeed, in a frontal crash, the forces generated by the impact come mainly from the front frame rails. Due to the presence of the front wheels, these front frame rails are located transversely towards the inside of the engine compartment and are therefore not aligned with the side rails located directly behind them. Therefore, in order to transmit the forces propagating in the front frame rails to the side rails, the use of crank-shaped plates is known, ensuring the connection between a rear portion of the front frame rails and a front end of the longitudinal rails. These plates are sometimes supported by a front crossmember that extends between the two side rails.This arrangement thus presents a Y-shaped architecture which is not optimal for the propagation of forces resulting from the impact in the side rails, since the plates and / or the front crossmember are then stressed in a non-optimal direction.

[0005] The present invention aims to propose a new structural arrangement in order to address at least largely the previous problems and to lead to further advantages.

[0006] Another object of the invention is to propose such a structural arrangement which is lighter than the known architectures as described previously.

[0007] Another object of the invention is to improve the transmission of forces resulting from a frontal impact to the side rails, by proposing such a structural arrangement which is more rigid than those previously known.

[0008] According to a first aspect of the invention, at least one of the aforementioned objectives is achieved with a structural arrangement for a motor vehicle, the structural arrangement comprising:

[0009] - a central console that extends along a longitudinal axis of the vehicle automobile, the central console being fixed securely to the floor of said motor vehicle;

[0010] - two front half-axles, each comprising an upper suspension support, the front half-axles extending forward of the center console, relative to the longitudinal axis.

[0011] In the structural arrangement according to the invention, the central console comprises two lateral flanges connected to each other by spacers, the structural arrangement further comprising first force transmission elements which extend in an inclined manner between an upper suspension support of the front half-axles and the central console.

[0012] In the context of the present invention, a longitudinal axis, a lateral axis, and a vertical axis are defined with respect to the motor vehicle on which the structural arrangement according to the first aspect of the invention is intended to be mounted. More particularly, the transverse axis is understood as a direction taken between one lateral side of the motor vehicle and an opposite lateral side of said motor vehicle. In other words, the transverse axis is understood as a direction extending from a passenger side of the motor vehicle to a driver's side of said motor vehicle, or vice versa. The adjectives lateral, inside, and outside refer to such a transverse axis. Furthermore, the longitudinal axis is understood as being taken along a direction extending from front to back or from back to front of the motor vehicle. The longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the transverse axis.The adjectives front, front, and rear refer to this longitudinal axis. Finally, the vertical axis is understood as being taken along an axis extending from the wheels of the motor vehicle towards the roof of said motor vehicle, or vice versa, the vertical axis being simultaneously perpendicular to the transverse axis and the longitudinal axis. The adjectives above and below, or lower and upper, refer to this vertical axis.

[0013] In the context of the present invention, the floor extends under the passenger compartment and allows for the subsequent attachment of seats for the occupants of the motor vehicle. The floor defines a substantially flat surface that extends longitudinally from front to rear and, transversely, between two lateral longitudinal members of the vehicle. automobile. Relative to the vertical axis, above the floor, we find the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle and below the floor, transmission elements in the case of a thermal motor vehicle or a battery module in the case of a hybrid or electric motor vehicle.

[0014] The floor comprises a front floor and a rear floor. In the context of the present invention, the front floor is located under the driver's seat of the motor vehicle. The front floor forms a structural element for the passenger compartment and to which, in particular, the seats of the motor vehicle are attached. The rear floor is located under the rear passenger seats of the motor vehicle. The rear floor forms a structural element for the passenger compartment and to which, in particular, the seats of the motor vehicle are attached. The rear floor extends directly behind the front floor, relative to the longitudinal axis.

[0015] In the context of the present invention, the center console forms a front console that extends between the front seats of the passenger compartment and / or towards and / or from the dashboard. The center console extends along the longitudinal axis; generally, the center console has a U-shaped transverse profile and thus delimits a space used to house equipment in the motor vehicle and / or as storage space for users. The center console extends from the floor of the motor vehicle, and in particular from the front floor. In the context of the present invention, the center console is integral with the floor. Indeed, the invention now provides that the center console forms part of the transmission path for longitudinal forces resulting from a frontal impact, due to its privileged central position.This advantageous configuration thus makes it possible to relieve the lateral stringers and to better distribute the forces in the structural arrangement, via the floor.

[0016] Optionally, the center console extends rearward towards and / or onto the rear floor, thus forming a transmission tunnel at the level of a central region of the rear floor, in continuity with the part of the center console located on the front floor.

[0017] According to the invention, the center console has a particular architecture that enhances its rigidity: it comprises two lateral flanges separated by crossbars that connect each lateral flange, the crossbars extending along the transverse axis. This advantageous configuration allows for a honeycomb and / or box-section architecture that offers a particularly favorable weight-to-rigidity ratio. Furthermore, this advantageous configuration allows the center console to be used as a transmission element for longitudinal forces resulting from a frontal impact, which was not possible with previously known center consoles.

[0018] In the context of the present invention, the upper suspension support is the upper end of the suspension of one of the front half-axles, relative to the vertical axis. The upper suspension support is integral with the structural arrangement according to the invention.

[0019] In the context of the present invention, each front half-axle comprises a front wheel and its suspension connecting it to the structural arrangement and / or the steering axle.

[0020] Thus, the structural arrangement according to the invention solves the technical problem by proposing a new, more efficient architecture for transmitting the longitudinal forces resulting from a frontal impact. Indeed, by presenting initial force transmission elements that extend at an angle between an upper suspension support of the front half-axles and the central console, the structural arrangement optimizes the orientation of these elements relative to the force transmission paths within the structural arrangement. This contrasts with known structural arrangements that employ, in addition to the side members or front frame rails, cross members to connect them and direct the longitudinal forces towards or from them. However, due to their orientation along the transverse axis, these cross members do not function optimally for transmitting longitudinal forces, as they are then subjected to bending forces.In contrast, the structural arrangement provides for the first transmission elements which are inclined relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes, allowing for a more favorable orientation. In other words, the first transmission elements are no longer subjected solely to bending during a frontal impact, but also allow for the transmission of longitudinal forces through compression, which is more advantageous.

[0021] The structural arrangement according to the first aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the improvements below, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0022] - the side flanges of the center console are formed by metal plates or incorporating a composite material. This advantageous configuration allows for a more rigid structure for the center console, enabling it to participate in the transmission of longitudinal forces from the front of the vehicle to the rear, towards the rear floor and / or the side rails. The side flanges are advantageously connected to the floor to ensure proper force transmission. For example, the side flanges are screwed or bolted to the floor; and / or the side flanges are securely attached to the floor by a weld bead;

[0023] - the metal plates or plates comprising a composite material forming the flanges the laterals have a thickness of at least 2 mm in order to provide sufficient rigidity to transmit forces to the floor;

[0024] - the spacers extend laterally between the two side flanges of the console central. According to a first embodiment, the crossmembers form prismatic or tubular spans extending between the two side flanges. According to a second embodiment, the crossmembers include partitions separating the central console and / or cross members.

[0025] - the center console includes a front compartment that extends to the level and / or between the two front suspension halves, the first force transmission elements link the front compartment to the upper suspension mount of each front suspension half, the side flanges of the center console extending onto the front compartment and being held in place by struts. In this advantageous configuration, the center console extends further forward, relative to the longitudinal axis, via the front compartment. According to one embodiment, the front compartment is integral with and continuous with the center console, that is to say, formed from the same material as the center console as described above; according to another embodiment, the front compartment is attached to the center console. In all cases, the front compartment shares the technical characteristics of the center console since it is part of it, particularly with regard to its side flanges and / or struts;

[0026] - the first force transmission elements thus make it possible to orient the The forces resulting from a frontal impact are directed towards the center console. Since the center console is reinforced by its overall shape and its side flanges being integral to the floor, it is possible to create new pathways for transmitting longitudinal forces within the vehicle. The structural arrangement may include longitudinal members located directly in line with the side flanges of the center console. Each longitudinal member extends along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and is positioned between the two side members. Thus, the longitudinal members are located in more central positions under the floor. This configuration is particularly ingenious because it allows the forces transmitted by the center console and its flanges to be transferred to the rear floor of the vehicle.Longitudinal forces are thus better distributed over the different stringers equipping the structural arrangement according to the invention; .

[0027] - the first force transmission elements comprise a structure pyramidal structure extending from the upper suspension mount of each front axle half to the opposite side flange of the console. The pyramidal structure is particularly advantageous for transmitting the resulting longitudinal forces of the frontal impact. More specifically, the pyramidal structure comprises (i) a first inclined edge extending forward and downward from the side flange of the center console onto the upper suspension support of each adjacent front axle assembly, and / or (ii) a second inclined edge extending forward and outward from the side flange of the center console onto the upper suspension support of each adjacent front axle assembly. Thus, this double inclination of the first inclined edge and the second inclined edge allows the pyramidal structure forming the first force transmission elements to be stressed in a more optimal direction for transmitting axial forces to the rear;

[0028] - according to a first alternative, the first inclined edge of the pyramidal structure and the second inclined edge of the pyramidal structure are of the solid wall type. In other words, the first inclined edge and the second inclined edge are formed of a metallic or composite wall. Alternatively, according to a second alternative, the first inclined edge of the pyramidal structure and the second inclined edge of the pyramidal structure are of the tubular structure type. This advantageous configuration is lighter than in the first case;

[0029] - the structural arrangement comprises (i) two front pillars that extend forward of a passenger compartment of the motor vehicle, (ii) secondary force transmission elements extending inclinedly between an upper suspension support of the front half-axles and the opposite front pillar. In the context of the present invention, the front pillar is a structural element of the motor vehicle located on one side of the vehicle, laterally to the engine compartment and in front of the passenger compartment. The front pillar forms a rigid element connecting a lower force transmission path—in particular a bulkhead and / or a side member—to an upper force transmission path located at the roof level. The front pillar is connected to the bulkhead and the front frame rail, the front pillar forming a support located in front of said frame rail. The front pillar forms a prismatic span extending predominantly along the vertical axis.The front pillar is specifically configured to support the hinges of a front door of the motor vehicle. Advantageously and analogously to the first force transmission elements, the second force transmission elements are advantageously oriented at an angle, particularly forwards and inwards, so as to be positioned more favorably to be subjected to tensile or compressive stresses during a frontal impact;

[0030] - the second force transmission elements have a conformation A pyramidal structure extending from the upper suspension mount of each front axle half to the opposite front pillar. This pyramidal shape is particularly advantageous for transmitting the longitudinal forces resulting from a frontal impact. More In particular, the pyramidal configuration comprises (i) a first inclined side extending forward and downward from the front pillar onto the upper suspension support of each opposing front half-axle, and / or (ii) a second inclined side extending forward and inward from the central front pillar onto the upper suspension support of each opposing front half-axle. Thus, this double inclination of the first inclined side and the second inclined side allows the pyramidal configuration forming the second force transmission elements to be stressed in a more optimal direction for transmitting axial forces to the rear;

[0031] - according to a first alternative, the first inclined side of the conformation The pyramidal shape and its second inclined side are of the solid wall type. In other words, the first inclined side and the second inclined side are formed from a metallic or composite wall. Alternatively, according to a second alternative, the first inclined side and the second inclined side of the pyramidal shape are of the tubular structure type. This advantageous configuration is lighter than the first case.

[0032] According to a second aspect of the invention, a motor vehicle is proposed comprising a structural arrangement conforming to the first aspect of the invention or to any one of its improvements.

[0033] Advantageously, the motor vehicle is of the electrified type. In the context of the present invention, an electrified motor vehicle may be of the type of an electric vehicle pulled exclusively by an electric motor powered by a traction battery, or of the type of a hybrid motor vehicle comprising both the electric motor powered by the traction battery and associated with another propulsion system, such as an internal combustion engine, to propel the motor vehicle. Among hybrid motor vehicles, a distinction is made between plug-in hybrid vehicles, for which the traction battery can be recharged by connecting to an external power source, and non-plug-in hybrid vehicles, i.e., those not equipped for such recharging of the traction battery from an external electrical grid.

[0034] Generally, the drivetrain of such an electrified motor vehicle is rotated by an electric machine, electrically powered by a traction battery, in order to generate a motor torque used to propel the motor vehicle. Complementarily or alternatively, the electric machine is configured to recover mechanical energy from the drivetrain and convert it into electrical energy, thereby producing a braking torque on said drivetrain and enabling the recharging of the traction battery.

[0035] Various embodiments of the invention are provided, incorporating, according to all their possible combinations, the different optional features set out here.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several illustrative and non-limiting examples of embodiments given with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings on the other hand, in which:

[0037] [Fig-1] illustrates a schematic top view of a first example embodiment of a structural arrangement conforming to the first aspect of the invention;

[0038] [Fig.2] illustrates a schematic three-dimensional view of a second example of realization of a structural arrangement conforming to the first aspect of the invention.

[0039] Of course, the features, variants, and different embodiments of the invention can be combined in various ways, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, variants of the invention may be conceived comprising only a selection of features, described hereafter in isolation from the other described features, if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the prior art.

[0040] In particular, all the variants and embodiments described are combinable with each other if there is no technical obstacle to this combination.

[0041] In the figures, the elements common to several figures retain the same reference.

[0042] In the FIGURES described below, a longitudinal axis X, a lateral axis and a vertical axis Z are defined relative to the motor vehicle on which the structural arrangement 1 according to the invention is intended to be mounted.

[0043] More specifically, the transverse axis Y is understood as a direction between one side of the motor vehicle and the opposite side of the same motor vehicle. In other words, the transverse axis Y is understood as a direction extending from a passenger side of the motor vehicle to a driver's side of the same motor vehicle, or vice versa. The adjectives lateral, inside, and outside refer to such a transverse axis Y.

[0044] Furthermore, the longitudinal axis X is understood to be taken along a direction extending from front to rear or rear to front of the motor vehicle. The longitudinal axis X is perpendicular to the transverse axis Y. The adjectives front, front, and rear refer to this longitudinal axis X.

[0045] Finally, the vertical axis Z is understood to be taken along an axis extending from the wheels of the motor vehicle towards the roof of said vehicle automobile, or conversely, the vertical axis Z being simultaneously perpendicular to the transverse axis Y and to the longitudinal axis X. The adjectives above and below, or lower and upper, refer to this vertical axis Z.

[0046] With reference to FIGURES 1 and 2, the invention addresses a structural arrangement 1 for a motor vehicle, the structural arrangement 1 comprising:

[0047] - a central console 11 which extends along a longitudinal axis X of the vehicle automobile, the central console 11 being fixed securely to a floor of said motor vehicle;

[0048] - two front half-axles 13 each comprising an upper suspension support 131, the front half-axles 13 extending in front of the central console 11, relative to the longitudinal axis X.

[0049] In the structural arrangement 1 according to the invention, the central console 11 comprises two side flanges 12 connected to each other by spacers 121, the structural arrangement 1 further comprising first force transmission elements 14 which extend in an inclined manner between an upper suspension support 131 of the front half-axles 13 and the central console 11.

[0050] Thus, according to the invention, the invention consists of giving the usual central console 11 a structural role enabling it to transmit forces and to participate in the overall rigidity of the motor vehicle and its structural arrangement 1. This structural role is provided by the side flanges 12 associated with the spacers 121 which keep them apart from each other, the spacers 121 enabling the transfer of forces between them.

[0051] Advantageously, the side flanges 12 are fixed rigidly to the floor of the motor vehicle to create a longitudinal path for transmitting forces from a front edge of the center console 11 to a rear portion of the motor vehicle, through the floor. This contribution of the center console 11 to the transmission of forces resulting from a frontal impact thus relieves the usual transmission through the sides of the motor vehicle, and in particular the side rails. This advantageous configuration therefore allows for a better distribution of forces symmetrically on either side of the front frame rails and towards the side rails, rather than in an overhanging arrangement.

[0052] In order to contribute to the longitudinal force transmission paths, the side flanges 12 of the center console 11 are formed from metal plates or plates comprising a composite material. The metal plates forming the side flanges 12 are then attached to the floor of the motor vehicle to ensure proper force transmission, for example by screwing and / or bolting and / or welding.

[0053] The center console 11 extends at least between the two front seats of the motor vehicle, and optionally the center console 11 also includes a front compartment that extends at the level of and / or between the two front half-axles 13 of the motor vehicle. The front compartment is analogous to the rear portion of the center console 11 – that located between the two front seats of the motor vehicle. In particular, the side flanges 12 of the center console 11 are integral with those of the front compartment of said center console 11. In other words, the side flanges 12 of the center console 11 extend – where applicable – along the front compartment of the center console 11.

[0054] The central console 11 is hollow so as to be able to house electrical components of the motor vehicle, such as for example a heating, air conditioning and ventilation system and / or storage compartments...

[0055] The first force transmission elements 14 are configured to direct the subsequent forces of a frontal impact towards the central console 11. In synergy with the reinforced central console 11, this configuration makes it possible to offer a new interface for managing longitudinal forces; and it is thus possible to create new ways of transmitting longitudinal forces in the motor vehicle.

[0056] As can be seen in the embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 2], the first force transmission members 14 comprise a pyramidal structure extending from the upper suspension support 131 of each front half-axle 13 to the lateral flange 12 of the console located opposite it. The pyramidal structure is particularly advantageous for transmitting the longitudinal forces resulting from the frontal impact. Optionally, the first force transmission members 14 comprise a simple inclined wall.

[0057] More specifically, the pyramidal structure comprises (i) a first inclined edge extending forward and downward from the side flange 12 of the center console 11 onto the upper suspension support 131 of each opposing front half-axle 13, and / or (ii) a second inclined edge extending forward and outward from the side flange 12 of the center console 11 onto the upper suspension support 131 of each opposing front half-axle 13. Thus, this double inclination of the first inclined edge and the second inclined edge allows the pyramidal structure forming the first force transmission elements 14 to be stressed in a more optimal direction for transmitting axial forces to the rear.

[0058] The first inclined edge of the pyramidal structure and the second inclined edge of the pyramidal structure are preferably of the solid wall type in order to be able to be more rigid.

[0059] This oriented configuration is thus much more efficient than the structural arrangements known until now in which the forces transmission paths are formed of longitudinal elongation stringers associated with transverse elongation cross members which are not at all optimally oriented for the transmission of a longitudinal force.

[0060] To complete this configuration, the structural arrangement 1 according to the invention also includes second force transmission elements 15 which extend in an inclined manner between the upper suspension support 131 of the front half-axles 13 and a front pillar 16 located opposite.

[0061] More specifically, the second force transmission members 15 have a pyramidal shape extending from the upper suspension support 131 of each front half-axle 13 to the opposite front pillar 16. The pyramidal shape is particularly advantageous for transmitting the longitudinal forces resulting from a frontal impact. More specifically, the pyramidal shape comprises (i) a first inclined side extending forward and downward from the front pillar 16 onto the upper suspension support 131 of each opposite front half-axle 13, and / or (ii) a second inclined side extending forward and inward from the central front pillar 16 onto the upper suspension support 131 of each opposite front half-axle 13.Thus, this double inclination of the first inclined side and the second inclined side allows the pyramidal shape forming the second force transmission elements to be used in a more optimal direction to transmit axial forces to the rear.

[0062] In summary, the invention relates to a structural arrangement 1 for a motor vehicle, the structural arrangement 1 comprising a central console 11 extending along a longitudinal axis X of the motor vehicle, the central console 11 being fixed rigidly to a floor of said motor vehicle, two front half-axles 13 each comprising an upper suspension mount 131, the front half-axles 13 extending forward of the central console 11, relative to the longitudinal axis X. According to the invention, the central console 11 comprises two lateral flanges 12 connected to each other by spacers 121, the structural arrangement 1 further comprising first force transmission elements 14 extending inclinedly—relative to the longitudinal axis X and / or the transverse axis Y and / or the vertical axis Z—between an upper suspension mount 131 of the front half-axles 13 and the central console 11.

[0063] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features, forms, variants, and embodiments of the invention can be combined with one another according to various combinations are possible, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, all the variants and embodiments described above are combinable.

Claims

Demands

1. Structural arrangement (1) for a motor vehicle, the structural arrangement (1) comprising: - a central console (11) extending along a longitudinal axis (X) of the motor vehicle, the central console (11) being fixed rigidly to a floor of said motor vehicle; - two front half-axles (13) each comprising an upper suspension support (131), the front half-axles (13) extending forward of the central console (11), relative to the longitudinal axis (X); characterized in that the central console (11) comprises two lateral flanges (12) connected to each other by spacers (121), the structural arrangement (1) further comprising first force transmission elements (14) extending inclinedly between an upper suspension support (131) of the front half-axles (13) and the central console (11).

2. Structural arrangement (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the side flanges (12) of the central console (11) are formed by metal plates or comprising a composite material.

3. Structural arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the spacers (121) comprise partitions separating the central console (11) and / or cross members.

4. Structural arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the center console (11) has a front compartment extending between the two front half-axles (13), the first force transmission members (14) connecting the front compartment to the upper suspension support (131) of each front half-axle (13), the side flanges (12) of the center console (11) extending over the front compartment and being held by the struts (121).

5. Structural arrangement (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the first force transmission members (14) comprise a pyramidal structure extending between the upper suspension support (131) of each front half-axle (13) and the lateral flange (12) of the console located opposite.

6. Structural arrangement (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the pyramidal structure comprises: - a first inclined edge which extends from the side flange (12) of the center console (11) forward and downward on the upper suspension support (131) of each front half-axle (13) located opposite; and / or - a second inclined edge which extends from the side flange (12) of the center console (11) forward and outward on the upper suspension support (131) of each front half-axle (13) located opposite.

7. Structural arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the structural arrangement (1) comprises: - two front pillars (16) extending forward of a passenger compartment of the motor vehicle; - second force transmission elements (15) extending inclinedly between an upper suspension support (131) of the front half-axles (13) and the front pillar (16) located opposite.

8. Structural arrangement (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the second force transmission members (15) have a pyramidal conformation extending between the upper suspension support (131) of each front half-axle (13) and the opposite front pillar (16).

9. Structural arrangement (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the pyramidal conformation comprises: - a first inclined side extending forward and downward from the front pillar (16) onto the upper suspension support (131) of each facing front half-axle (13); and / or - a second inclined side extending forward and inward from the central front pillar (16) onto the upper suspension support (131) of each facing front half-axle (13).

10. Motor vehicle comprising a structural arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.