Terminal, radio communication method, and base station

Abstract

To improve the accuracy of positioning.SOLUTION: A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure has: a control section that controls measurement of a sample base to be input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning; and a transmission section that transmits timing information for the measurement. The timing information includes information on at least one of a timing value for a sample to be reported, the number of measurement samples, and timing granularity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In wireless communication systems, terminal positioning using artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) technology is being considered.

[0006] However, there may be cases where regulations for positioning using AI technology (also known as AI-based positioning) have not been sufficiently considered. If these are not clear, the AI-based positioning procedures may not be executed properly, which may affect positioning accuracy and, as a result, communication throughput / quality.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve the accuracy of positioning. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure has a control unit that controls sample-based measurements for input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning, and a transmission unit that transmits timing information for the measurements, wherein the timing information includes at least one of information regarding a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and timing granularity. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the accuracy of positioning can be improved. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing variations of positioning using DL signals. [Figure 2]2A and 2B are diagrams showing variations of positioning using UL signals. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows an example of a sample-based measurement. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of power for each time period of a path. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bitmap for reporting timing information. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the correspondence between samples per time period and bit values ​​indicating samples to be reported according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the correspondence between samples per time and bit values ​​indicating samples to be reported according to the second embodiment (aspect 2-1). [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the correspondence between samples per time period and bit values ​​indicating samples to be reported according to the second embodiment (aspect 2-2). [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (UE positioning) Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the location of wireless devices by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) scenarios.

[0012] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in an environment where they can see each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there are obstructions).

[0013] In fingerprinting localization, the location of the UE is estimated based on a database / AI model from the fingerprints of the UE's multiple transmission paths (multipath).

[0014] The multipath information may be, for example, information relating to the Angle of Arrival (AoA) / Angle of Departure (AoD) of the signal for optimal / candidate transmission paths.

[0015] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of arrival and zenith angles of arrival, and the information on AoD may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of departure and zenith angles of departure.

[0016] 3GPP Rel.16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) based positioning, Positioning based on angles (DL AoD / UL AoA), Multi-Round Trip Time (RTT) based positioning, Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) based positioning.

[0017] In positioning based on DL / UL TDOA, for example, assume that multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are located around the UE. In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated (measured) using a measurement value of the Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). For example, the RSTD (Time Difference Between RSTDs) for two specific base stations (TRP#i, #j (i and j are integers)) is i -T j ) for some value (k i,j ) to draw the hyperbola H i,j The intersection of multiple such hyperbolas (H in this example) 0,1、 H 1,2、 H 2,0 The location of the UE may be estimated by using the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0018] In a DL AoD / UL AoA based positioning method, the UE location is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). The UE location may also be estimated using RSRP.

[0019] In a multi-RTT-based positioning method, the location of a UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of reference signals (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on the RTTs can be drawn with each base station at its center. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0020] E-CID based positioning / In this positioning method, the UE's location is estimated based on the geometric location of the serving cell / neighbor cells and additional measurements (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0021] The positioning in the DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) described above may be performed by the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate the UE position based on various measurement results of the UE and assistance information from the LMF. In addition, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE position. The assistance information may be information for assisting in estimating the UE's position.

[0022] The above-mentioned positioning in UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0023] The above-mentioned DL and UL (multi-RTT, E-CID) positioning may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0024] Furthermore, in 3GPP Rel. 17, a positioning method using assistance information is proposed for the purpose of further improving positioning accuracy. The assistance information may be transmitted between the UE, the base station, and the LMF as measurement information for the above-mentioned DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID.

[0025] The assistance information may include information regarding at least one of the following: Timing Error Group (TEG), RSRPP (path-specific RSRP), Expected angle, Adjacent beam information, TRP antenna / beam information, LOS / NLOS indicator, -Additional path reporting.

[0026] The TEG may indicate one or more Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resources whose transmit / receive timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0027] The RSRPP may indicate the measurement result of the RSRP on the first pass.

[0028] In UL positioning, the assistance information regarding the expected angle may indicate an expected UL-AoA / ZoA. The assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. The assistance information may also support at least one of UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT positioning.

[0029] In DL positioning, the assistance information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. The assistance information may be transmitted to the UE from the LMF. The assistance information may also support at least one of DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT positioning. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and enables optimization of Rx beamforming for the UE or base station.

[0030] The assistance information regarding the predicted angles may include, in addition to the information on the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, information indicating the uncertainty range of these values.

[0031] As additional beam information, the neighboring beam information may include information about a subset of DL-PRS resources (Option 1) for the purpose of prioritizing DL-AoD reports, or the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2), allowing for optimization of UE Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0032] As additional beam information, the assistance information may also include PRS beam pattern information, which may include information regarding the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0033] The LOS / NLOS indicator may indicate information regarding Line Of Sight (LOS) / Non-Line Of Sight (NLOS).

[0034] In addition, in order to improve the UE positioning delay, pre-configured measurement gaps (MG), activation of MG via lower layers, MG-less location, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be configured for the UE (or may be used by the UE).

[0035] In 3GPP Rel.17 NR, it is agreed that the UE measures / reports the RSRP of neighboring beams to improve the accuracy of UE location estimation. For example, in the UE-assisted DL-AoD positioning method, the LMF can indicate at least one of the following options 1 and 2 in the assistance information.

[0036] Option 1: A subset of PRS resources for DL-AoD reporting prioritization. The subset may be configured for each PRS resource depending on the UE capabilities. The UE may include requested PRS measurements for a subset of PRSs in the DL-AoD additional measurements if requested PRS measurements are reported for the associated PRS. The requested PRS measurements may be DL PRS RSRP / path PRS RSRP. The UE may report PRS measurements only for a subset of PRS resources. Note that the associated subset of a PRS resource may be in the same / different PRS resource set as the PRS resource. · Option 2: Information about the boresight direction to be configured for each PRS resource depending on the UE capabilities.

[0037] In 3GPP Rel.16 NR, it is agreed that the expected RSTD and its uncertainty range will be indicated to the UE from the LMF. Furthermore, in Rel.17, it is agreed that the expected angle and its uncertainty range will be indicated to the UE from the LMF to reduce errors and complexity in AoA / AoD measurements.

[0038] 3GPP Rel.17 NR is considering the introduction of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) for positioning. The PRU is being discussed as a reference device with a known location to mitigate transmission and reception timing errors of UEs and gNBs. PRU may also be interpreted as UEs, gNBs, transmission reception points (TRPs), or transmission points (TPs).

[0039] For example, a PRU may support at least one of the following: Measure DL PRS and report related measurements (e.g., RSTD / Transmit / Receive Time Difference / RSRP) to the LMF; Transmitting SRS and enabling the TRP to measure and report measurements relative to the reference device (e.g., Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA) / Time Difference Between Arrival and Arrival, AoA) to the LMF; Operational, measurement, and various parameters (parameters related to transmit / receive timing delays, AoD and AOA enhancements, and calibration of measurements); If the LMF does not have the position coordinate information, reporting the position coordinate information of the reference device to the LMF; The reference device with a known location is a UE / gNB; · The accuracy with which the position of the reference device can be known.

[0040] There are two use cases for positioning using AI models: Direct AI / machine learning (ML) positioning, AI / ML assisted positioning.

[0041] Positioning using such AI / ML technology may be called AI-based positioning.

[0042] Direct AI / ML positioning outputs, for example, UE positioning (UE location), while AI / ML assisted positioning outputs, for example, intermediate features, which may be input back into the AI / ML model.

[0043] Example outputs of the AI / ML assisted positioning described above may include at least one of the following: LOS / NLOS identification (LOS / NLOS probability). ·ToA (PRS / SRS arrival time). Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) time difference. ·AoA / AoD. Number of waves, Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) phase difference (Rel.18 phase measurement). ·DL RSTD / UL TDOA. ·DL-PRS / UL-SRS, RSRPs / RSRPPs. Likelihood of the above numbers (e.g., ToA probability).

[0044] Rel. 18 positioning introduces sidelink positioning based on the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP). For example, SL-RTT, SL-AoA, SL-TDOA, and SL-TOA are introduced. For example, the sidelink reference signal used for position calculation is called SL-PRS. Measurements based on SL-PRS may include at least one of the following: SL PRS-RSRP, SL PRS-RSRPP, SL RTOA, SL AoA, sidelink receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference, SL RSTD, SL PRS-RSSI, SL PRS-channel occupancy ratio (CR), and SL PRS-channel busy ratio (CBR). Furthermore, measurements related to the carrier phase positioning method may include at least one of UL / DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) and DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD).

[0045] (Use case of AI-based positioning) Typical use cases for AI / ML-based positioning can be classified as follows, depending on which entity's (or entity's) model is used and whether measurement results of either DL or UL signals are used for location prediction:

[0046] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing variations of positioning using DL signals, and FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing variations of positioning using UL signals.

[0047] Case 1: UE-based positioning using a UE-side model (direct AI / ML positioning or AI / ML-assisted positioning). Case 2a: UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning using a UE-side model (AI / ML-assisted positioning). Case 2b: UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning using LMF-side model (direct AI / ML positioning). Case 3a: NG-RAN node-assisted positioning using gNB-side model (AI / ML-assisted positioning). Case 3b: NG-RAN node-assisted positioning (direct AI / ML positioning) using LMF-side model.

[0048] <Case 1> Case 1 is an example of positioning using a UE-side model and DL signals / channels (see Figure 1A). In Case 1, the UE receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the NW (gNB / LMF). The UE-side model calculates (measures / predicts) the UE location or intermediate value based on the assistance information and DL signals / channels from the NW. The UE transmits the UE location or intermediate value to the NW (LMF).

[0049] <Case 2a> Case 2a is an example of positioning using a UE-side model and DL signals / channels (see Figure 1B). In Case 2a, the UE receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the NW (gNB / LMF). The UE-side model calculates (measures / predicts) intermediate values ​​based on the assistance information and DL signals / channels from the NW. The UE transmits the intermediate values ​​to the NW (LMF).

[0050] <Case 2b> Case 2b is an example of positioning using the LMF-side model and DL signals / channels (see Figure 1C). In Case 2b, the UE transmits measurement results of DL signals (specific signals / channels (e.g., RS)) from the NW to the NW (gNB / LMF). The UE also receives instructions from the NW to collect (required) data related to positioning (location prediction). The LMF-side model calculates (measures / predicts) the UE location based on the measurement results of the DL signals.

[0051] <Case 3a> Case 3a is an example of positioning using a gNB-side model and UL signals / channels (see Figure 2A). In Case 3a, the gNB receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the LMF. The gNB-side model calculates (measures / predicts) intermediate values ​​based on the assistance information and the UL signals / channels from the UE. The gNB transmits the intermediate values ​​to the LMF.

[0052] <Case 3b> Case 3b is an example of positioning using the LMF-side model and UL signals / channels (see Figure 2B). In Case 3b, the gNB transmits measurement results of UL signals (specific signals / channels (e.g., RS)) from the UE to the LMF. The gNB also receives (required) assistance information related to positioning (location prediction) from the LMF. The LMF-side model calculates (measures / predicts) the UE location based on the measurement results of the UL signals.

[0053] (Sample-based positioning / Path-based positioning) In AI / ML-based positioning in future wireless communication systems, the introduction of sample-based measurements and path-based measurements as measurements for input to the model is being considered.

[0054] <Sample-based measurement> The sample-based measurement may be a measurement consisting of Nt' samples of an estimated channel response in the time domain, where the Nt' samples may be selected from the Nt samples.

[0055] Timing information for Nt' samples may be measured / reported with timing measurement granularity T.

[0056] T may be determined based on a timing reporting granularity factor k (which may also be referred to as timing granularity) and a basic time unit Tc in NR, where T=2 k *Can also be Tc.

[0057] The corresponding measurements (eg, power) may correspond to measurements of the reported Nt' samples.

[0058] The values ​​of Nt, Nt' and k may be determined based on notification from the LMF to the base station / UE using higher layer signaling (eg, NRPPa / LPP).

[0059] The timing information may be specified relative to a reference time.

[0060] The timing reporting granularity factor k may be signaled, for example, using the upper layer parameter timingReportingGranularityFactor.

[0061] A negative value of T may mean that the corresponding particular path is earlier in time (past) than the detected path at the reference (time).

[0062] 3 is a diagram showing an example of sample-based measurement, in which Nt samples are measured and Nt' samples are selected from the Nt samples.

[0063] The sample-based measurement may be referred to as measurement type B, etc.

[0064] <Path-based measurement> Path-based measurements may be measurements that include measurement reports in existing specifications (eg, up to Rel. 18).

[0065] Timing information related to path-based measurements may be measured / reported with timing measurement granularity T.

[0066] T may be determined based at least on the timing reporting granularity factor k.

[0067] The definition of the path may be determined based on the implementation of the UE / NW.

[0068] The recommended value of k may be notified from the LMF to the base station / UE using higher layer signaling (e.g., NRPPa / LPP).

[0069] (Timing information reporting format) In positioning, existing specifications (path-based measurements) report timing information in the following ways:

[0070] For reporting, information elements indicating timing information of the first path (e.g., UL RTOA Measurement) and information elements indicating timing information of additional paths (e.g., Additional Path List) are used.

[0071] For example, up to eight additional paths can be selected by a specific information element (e.g., NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r17).

[0072] In this case, an integer is specified for each piece of timing information. The correspondence between the integer and the timing information is defined in advance by the specifications for each value of timing [report] granularity.

[0073] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of power for each time period of a path.

[0074] How the first path is selected (i.e., the first path selection method) may be up to the UE / gNB implementation. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the UE / gNB may determine the path that is received first as the first path. Alternatively, the UE / gNB may determine the path with the highest power among multiple received paths as the first path.

[0075] The reference time (which may also be called a reference time) for determining a path (first path / additional path) may be handled, for example, as follows.

[0076] In the case of the first path, the UE reports the time from the reference time of the UL Relative Time of Arrival (RTOA, which may also be called the transmission and reception time difference) as timing information (see FIG. 4).

[0077] In the case of an additional path, the UE reports the time from the first path as timing information (see FIG. 4).

[0078] That is, the timing information of the additional path may refer to the time relative to the first path.

[0079] Path-based measurements may be referred to as measurement type A, etc.

[0080] (analysis) Incidentally, in the above-mentioned AI-based positioning, it is being considered to define a measurement / reporting format for reporting samples measured based on the extended measurement for Rel. 19.

[0081] As measurement / reporting formats, the following two methods are envisioned, for example. Method 1: Use a bitmap to indicate the time (timing) of the reported sample. Method 2: Timing information is indicated by an integer for each pass (same as the existing specification).

[0082] In the case of method 2, the correspondence between integers and timing information may be defined in advance by specifications for each timing (measurement / reporting) granularity.

[0083] When applying Method 2 to Rel.19, it is expected that a rapid increase in overhead as the number of samples to be reported increases will become an issue.

[0084] On the other hand, when applying Method 1, it is necessary to clarify the specific reporting method of timing information, such as bitmap details (e.g., start point, length), etc. If these are not clear, accurate positioning may not be achieved in the extended measurements for Rel.19.

[0085] As such, whether Method 1 or Method 2 is applied, there is room for further consideration of various regulations for AI-based positioning. If these are not clarified, the AI-based positioning procedures may not be executed properly, which could affect positioning accuracy and, as a result, communication throughput / quality.

[0086] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for solving these problems.

[0087] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the respective embodiments may be applied independently or in combination. The present disclosure also provides embodiments in which part or all of one embodiment is combined with part or all of another embodiment.

[0088] (Various reading changes) In this disclosure, words enclosed in "()" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the immediately preceding wording (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding the meaning of the entire sentence (ignoring the meaning of the entire sentence). Note that "()" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0089] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0090] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be interchangeable.

[0091] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0092] In the present disclosure, signaling, message, field, parameter, information, payload, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0093] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling (of the control plane), other messages (e.g., messages communicated to and from the core network, such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0094] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0095] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0096] In this disclosure, positioning may be interchangeably read as position determination, position estimation, position prediction, positioning method, measurement, reporting, and the like.

[0097] In the following embodiments, to explain an AI model related to communication between a UE, a gNB, and an LMF, the relevant entities are a UE, a gNB, and an LMF, but the application of each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., communication between UEs), the UE, a gNB, and an LMF in the following embodiments may be replaced with a first UE, a second UE, a third UE, and so on. In other words, any UE, a gNB, and an LMF in the present disclosure may be replaced with any UE, a gNB, and an LMF.

[0098] In the present disclosure, antenna port, subband, angle, and delay may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, NW, base station (BS), gNB, and LMF may be interchangeable. LMF may be interchangeable with a device (such as a server) that implements LMF, or may simply be referred to as a network node. In the present disclosure, LMF may be interchangeable with any network function (Network Functions (NF)).

[0099] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0100] In the present disclosure, DL [positioning] and UL [positioning] may be read interchangeably.

[0101] In the present disclosure, the terms measurement RS, PRS, sounding reference signal (SRS), DL-PRS, UL-PRS, etc. may be interchangeable. Note that the PRS, DL-PRS, etc. may be used for DL ​​positioning, and the SRS, UL-PRS, etc. may be used for UL positioning.

[0102] In the present disclosure, gNB, LMF, Radio Access Network (RAN), Next Generation (NG)-RAN, [NG-RAN] node, [network] node, [network] device, etc. may be interchangeable. Note that the LMF is defined as one of the network functions (NFs) provided in the core network, and performs communication control related to location information. The LMF may be mounted on any device on the core network. Furthermore, the LMF-side model may be an AI / ML model mounted on a device on the core network. Furthermore, LMF-based positioning may simply mean deriving location information using the LMF-side model.

[0103] In the present disclosure, measurements, RRM measurements, measurement values, measurement results, measurement information, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0104] In the present disclosure, prediction, predicted value, prediction result, prediction information, predicted measurements, predicted RRM measurements, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0105] In this disclosure, terms such as positioning using AI / ML, positioning based on AI / ML, and AI / ML-based positioning may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as AI, ML, AI / ML, [AI / ML] model, function, feature, functionality, and method may be interchangeable.

[0106] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to UE features / functions based on configuration (with AI-enabled features).

[0107] In the present disclosure, the terms outcome, result, output, etc. may be interchangeable. For example, monitoring outcome may be interchangeable with monitoring result, monitoring output, etc.

[0108] In the present disclosure, sample-based, sample-by-sample, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, sample, sampling, etc. may be interchangeable. Path-based, path-by-path, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, path and additional path may be interchangeable.

[0109] In the present disclosure, sample-based measurement, [Rel. 19] enhanced measurement, enhanced path-based measurement, measurement in which Nt' samples are selected from Nt samples of granularity k, Type B measurement, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0110] In the present disclosure, timing granularity and timing [reporting / measurement] granularity [factor] may be read interchangeably.

[0111] In this disclosure, path-based measurement, legacy measurement, Rel. 18 measurement, Rel. 18 measurement, Rel. 18 [defined up to] measurement, non-sample-based measurement, Type A measurement, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0112] In the present disclosure, sample-based measurements and path-based measurements may be associated with AI / ML-based positioning or with conventional positioning (non-AI / ML-based positioning, e.g., DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, UL-AoA, etc.).

[0113] In the present disclosure, an LPP message may be interchangeably read as any message exchanged between a UE and an LMF, i.e., LPP [signaling] may refer to a communication protocol between a UE and a positioning management function entity (e.g., an LMF) in a core network.

[0114] In this disclosure, an NRPPa message may be interchangeably read as any message exchanged between a gNB and an LMF, i.e., NRPPa [signaling] may refer to a communication protocol between a base station / RAN node and a positioning management function entity (e.g., LMF) in a core network.

[0115] In this disclosure, RRC [signaling] may refer to the communication protocol between a UE and a base station. RRC [signaling] may include LPP messages.

[0116] In the present disclosure, the terms AI / ML model, AI model, and simply model may be read interchangeably.

[0117] In this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0118] In this disclosure, a model ID may refer to an identifier of a model (or a set of models). Multiple models may be assigned the same model ID in an actual deployment. In this case, these models may actually be different models (e.g., have different numbers of layers) but may be treated as the same model.

[0119] In the present disclosure, a model ID may be interchangeably read as a meta information (or a set of meta information) ID. The meta information (or meta information ID) may be associated with information about the applicability of a model / function, the environment, the configuration of a UE / gNB, etc.

[0120] In the present disclosure, functionality, functionality, and functionality may be read interchangeably.

[0121] In the present disclosure, the terms model, function, associated ID, and model ID may be read interchangeably.

[0122] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to a UE function / feature based on the configuration [for AI-enabled functionality].

[0123] For example, examples of functions include CSI reporting (reporting CSI prediction results / beam prediction results), measurement reporting (reporting beam-level / cell-level predictions), reporting location information / measurements for [AI-based] positioning, etc.

[0124] In this disclosure, functionality may refer to the use of a model or the physical meaning of the model's input / output. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Monitoring (checking performance), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updating may be instructed (controlled) based on the functionality (e.g., for each function).

[0125] In the present disclosure, applicability may represent an indicator of whether a certain model / function is applicable or not.

[0126] In the present disclosure, reporting the applicability of a model / function may be interchangeably read as reporting an applicable model / function, i.e., applicability and applicable model / function may be interchangeably read.

[0127] In the present disclosure, the terms time, time instant, timing, time position, occasion, and timing information may be interpreted interchangeably. In the present disclosure, timing information may refer to information indicating the time position of a sample.

[0128] In this disclosure, bitmap, bit sequence, bit string, bit value, [bit] field [value] may be read interchangeably.

[0129] In the present disclosure, the terms length, size, and number may be interchangeable. For example, bitmap length, bitmap size, number of bits, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0130] In the present disclosure, paths in existing specifications may be read as samples.

[0131] In this disclosure, any other sample may be referred to as the second reported sample, the third reported sample, . . . the nth reported sample, . . . , etc. in chronological order.

[0132] (Wireless communication method) The embodiments of the present disclosure can be broadly categorized as follows with regard to positioning. 0th embodiment: Timing information for extended measurements for Rel.19. First embodiment: Comprehensive reporting of timing information. Second embodiment: Separate reporting of timing information.

[0133] Each embodiment will be described below based on these. Each embodiment / option may be applied alone or in combination.

[0134] The embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to any positioning use case (DL positioning / UL positioning, UE / gNB / LMF-based positioning).

[0135] The present disclosure can be applied to any positioning method. For example, the present disclosure can be applied not only to DL / UL TDOA but also to DL AoD / UL AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID-based positioning. In this case, the upper layer parameters (information elements) corresponding to each method may be interchangeable.

[0136] The UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may perform positioning / model monitoring and various related operations (measurement / prediction / reporting / transmission / reception) by applying the various provisions described above and the embodiments described below.

[0137] The UE / NW (gNB) may receive various configurations for positioning / measurement / reporting, and may further report / send corresponding prediction (positioning) results to the NW (LMF).

[0138] The NW (gNB / LMF) may send various settings for positioning / measurement / reporting to the UE / gNB, and the NW may receive corresponding prediction results (reports) from the UE / gNB.

[0139] The UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may control various positioning-related operations (transmission and reception of related information) by applying the embodiments of the present disclosure and the various provisions described above. Furthermore, the UE / NW (gNB / LMF) may execute information exchange between multiple entities to realize these various operations.

[0140] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the definitions for AI-based positioning are clarified. Based on the definitions, a UE can appropriately perform AI-based positioning. As a result, the accuracy of positioning is improved. As a result of the improved positioning accuracy, improvements in communication throughput / quality can be expected.

[0141] <0th embodiment> The 0th embodiment relates to timing information for extended measurements for Rel.19.

[0142] The UE / gNB may report / send timing information for enhanced measurements for Rel.19.

[0143] <<Report Content>> The content of the report (timing information) may include at least one of the following pieces of information:

[0144] Timing values ​​for a given number of samples to be reported (selected samples). Bitmap length (if using a bitmap to report timing information). Timing information about the start of the bitmap (if timing information is reported using the bitmap). · Number of samples measured (value of Nt). · Information about timing granularity.

[0145] The above-mentioned predetermined number may be at least one of the following: That is, the UE may determine the number of samples to report according to at least one of the following: - The value of Nt' reported by the network. - Values ​​above / below Nt' reported by the network. - The larger of the Nt' value reported by the network and the number of samples that exceed the RSRP threshold.

[0146] The above-mentioned predetermined threshold may be predefined by a specification (e.g., XdBm), may be set / instructed on the UE / gNB side, or may be set / instructed on the NW (LMF) side.

[0147] The UE / gNB may report the time window for measurement as timing information regarding the starting point (information indicating the starting point) described above.

[0148] The UE / gNB may report the above information together in one bit sequence.

[0149] The UE / gNB may report the above information by dividing it into multiple bit sequences.

[0150] <<Bitmap length>> The information regarding (indicating) the bitmap length used for reporting may be indicated in the following formats / methods:

[0151] The bitmap length may be represented by a predetermined bit sequence (predetermined number of bits / predetermined bit field), for example, the bitmap length may be represented by a binary number.

[0152] The correspondence between a predetermined bit sequence and a bitmap length may be uniquely defined by a specification. More specifically, the bit value 001 may be 8 bits, the bit value 010 may be 16 bits, the bit value 011 may be 32 bits, etc.

[0153] The bitmap length represented by the predetermined bit sequence may be the length of the entire bitmap, or may be the length of a portion of the entire bitmap that corresponds to the timing information.

[0154] The bitmap length may be represented by a predetermined number of bits (a predetermined bit sequence) at the beginning / end of the bitmap, and the timing information may be represented by the remaining part (second half) of the bitmap.

[0155] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bitmap for reporting timing information.

[0156] 5, a predetermined number of bits at the beginning of a bitmap (e.g., 7 bits corresponding to 0010111) may be used as a field (bit sequence) for indicating the bitmap length, and the remaining fields of the bitmap may be used to indicate timing information.

[0157] The number of bits required to represent the bitmap length may be predefined by the specification or may be set / instructed by the network (e.g., the LMF).

[0158] The bitmap length may be represented by a separate field that is different from the bitmap indicating timing information.

[0159] For example, the bitmap length may be represented by a predetermined bit sequence (binary numbers such as 0010111).

[0160] Alternatively, the bitmap length may be expressed in integer (INTEGER) format (e.g., INTEGER {0...128}), in which case the UE / gNB may select any value between 0 and 128.

[0161] Alternatively, the bitmap length may be expressed in a CHOICE format (e.g., CHOICE {8, 16, 32, 64, 128}), in which case the UE / gNB may select any value from five possible values.

[0162] <<Determining the bitmap length of timing information>> The length of the bitmap indicating the timing information may be based on at least one of the following: That is, the UE / gNB may determine the length of the bitmap according to at least one of the following: - The number of bits is the same as the number of measurement samples. · Always the specified number of bits (e.g. maximum number of measurement samples) regardless of the number of measurement samples.

[0163] The UE / gNB may select / determine the bitmap length from certain candidate values, which may be the same as the candidate values ​​for the number of samples.

[0164] <<Number of measurement samples>> The number of measurement samples (the number of measured samples, i.e., Nt) may be indicated by at least one of the following methods: That is, the UE / gNB may select / determine the value of Nt to apply according to at least one of the following:

[0165] The specification may specify which value to apply from among predefined candidate values ​​(for example, Nt={32, 64, 128}).

[0166] For example, the correspondence between a predetermined bit sequence and a candidate value may be uniquely defined by a specification. More specifically, a bit value of 00 may indicate Nt=32, a bit value of 01 may indicate Nt=64, and a bit value of 10 may indicate Nt=128.

[0167] Alternatively, the candidate values ​​of Nt may be expressed in integer format. More specifically, 0 may indicate Nt=32, 1 may indicate Nt=64, and 2 may indicate Nt=128.

[0168] Alternatively, the candidate values ​​of Nt may be expressed in a CHOICE format (eg, CHOICE {Nt32, Nt64, Nt128}).

[0169] Alternatively, the candidate values ​​of Nt may be explicitly represented by binary numbers using a predetermined bit sequence. More specifically, 100000 may indicate Nt=32, 1000000 may indicate Nt=64, and 10000000 may indicate Nt=128.

[0170] <<Timing Granularity>> The information about the timing granularity k may be indicated by at least one of the following methods: That is, the UE / gNB may select / determine the value of k to apply according to at least one of the following:

[0171] The specification may indicate which value to apply from among predefined candidate values ​​(for example, k={0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}).

[0172] For example, the correspondence between a predetermined bit sequence and a candidate value may be uniquely defined by a specification. More specifically, a bit value of 00 may indicate k=0, a bit value of 01 may indicate k=1, and a bit value of 10 may indicate k=2.

[0173] Alternatively, the candidate values ​​of k may be expressed in integer form. More specifically, 0 may indicate k=0, 1 may indicate k=1, and 2 may indicate k=2.

[0174] Alternatively, the possible values ​​of k may be expressed in a CHOICE format (e.g., CHOICE {k0, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5}).

[0175] Alternatively, the possible values ​​of k may be explicitly represented by binary numbers using a predetermined bit sequence. More specifically, 0 may represent k=0, 01 may represent k=1, and 10 may represent k=2.

[0176] According to this embodiment, various parameters (content, bitmap length, etc.) for reporting timing information are clarified. The UE / gNB can report timing information according to the various parameters.

[0177] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to the comprehensive reporting of timing information.

[0178] For timing information for enhanced measurements for Rel.19, the UE / gNB may report / transmit timing information for all samples using one field.

[0179] For example, the UE / gNB may report / transmit timing information for all samples to be reported using one bitmap, i.e., the UE / gNB may report / transmit timing information for all samples to be reported together in one bitmap.

[0180] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the correspondence between samples per time period and bit values ​​indicating samples to be reported according to the first embodiment.

[0181] One bitmap may contain timing information for all Nt' samples.

[0182] Here, a predetermined bit sequence (bit value) may indicate samples to be reported. More specifically, if a bit value=0, the corresponding sample may not be reported. If a bit value=1, the corresponding sample may be reported. The correspondence between the bit value and the sample to be reported may also be reversed.

[0183] For example, in FIG. 6, reportable samples (bit value=1) are shown with a solid line, and non-reportable samples (bit value=0) are shown with a dashed line.

[0184] In one bitmap, the portion (bit sequence) indicating timing information may be configured with Nt bits. For example, in FIG. 6, since Nt=32, the timing information may be configured with 32 bits.

[0185] In a bitmap, the portion (bit sequence) indicating timing information may omit the bit values / bit sequences after the last sample to be reported. That is, in Figure 6, the last four bits (0000) may be omitted.

[0186] In a bitmap, the portion (bit sequence) indicating timing information may omit the bit values / bit sequences after the last sample to be reported. That is, in Figure 6, the last five bits (10000) may be omitted.

[0187] The UE / gNB may identify / determine based on the last bit value indicating the timing information whether the samples corresponding to the last bit value and thereafter are to be reported.

[0188] According to this embodiment, a comprehensive method for reporting timing information is clarified, and the UE / gNB can appropriately report timing information according to the method. For example, the UE / gNB can identify / determine which samples are to be reported and which samples are not to be reported from one bitmap.

[0189] <Second embodiment> The second embodiment relates to separate reporting of timing information.

[0190] The UE / gNB may report / transmit timing information for extended measurements for Rel.19 separately for the first sample to be reported and other samples.

[0191] That is, the UE / gNB may report / transmit timing information using a different field (bitmap) for each sample.

[0192] Here, the first reportable sample (which may be referred to as the first report sample) may refer to the sample measured at the earliest time / timing among all reportable samples, i.e., for the first report sample, non-reportable samples may be excluded.

[0193] Also, the first detected sample (which may be called the first detected sample) may refer to the sample measured at the earliest time / timing among all measured samples (whether reportable or not). That is, with respect to the first detected sample, non-reportable samples may not be excluded (may be taken into account).

[0194] Other samples may mean all reportable samples excluding the first report sample mentioned above, that is, all reportable samples other than the first report sample.

[0195] In this embodiment, by dividing the bitmap for reporting for each sample, it is possible to report / transmit timing information only for samples to be reported (samples not to be reported need not be reported), which reduces the communication overhead required for reporting.

[0196] <<Aspect 2-1>> The UE / gNB may report / transmit the first sample to be reported and other samples in separate bitmaps. Figure 7 is a diagram showing the correspondence between samples per time and bit values ​​indicating samples to be reported according to the second embodiment (aspect 2-1).

[0197] A predetermined bit sequence (bit value) may indicate which samples are to be reported. More specifically, if a bit value=0, the corresponding sample may not be to be reported. If a bit value=1, the corresponding sample may be to be reported. The correspondence between the bit value and the sample to be reported may also be reversed.

[0198] A predetermined bit sequence (01 in FIG. 7) indicating the first detected sample to the first reported sample may be included in one bitmap. The predetermined bit sequence may indicate the position (timing) of the first reported sample.

[0199] In the predetermined bit sequence, the last bit value (corresponding to bit value=1 indicating the first reporting sample) may be omitted. The UE / gNB may identify / determine the position (timing) of the first reporting sample from the predetermined bit sequence.

[0200] The timing information of the first reported sample may indicate the time position of the first reported sample relative to (from) the first detected sample, or may indicate the time position of the first reported sample relative to (from) a reference time.

[0201] Timing information for other samples may be indicated by another bitmap including a predetermined bit sequence, which may indicate the positions (timing) of other samples (any samples to be reported other than the first reporting sample).

[0202] For example, the timing information for the other samples may indicate the time positions of the other samples relative to (from) the first reported sample. As shown in Fig. 7, timing information from the first reported sample to each additional sample (which may represent the other samples) may be indicated by a predetermined bit sequence. More specifically, in the case of Fig. 7, 1, 11, 1100001, 11000011, 110000111, 110000111000001, 1100001110000011) may be reported as timing information for the other samples.

[0203] Alternatively, the timing information for another sample may indicate a time position (which may be called a relative position) from (based on) the previous (temporally) other sample. For example, as shown in Figure 7, (1, 1, 00001, 1, 1, 000001, 1) may be reported as timing information for another sample.

[0204] Alternatively, the timing information for the other samples may indicate the time position of the other samples from (relative to) a reference time.

[0205] <<Aspect 2-2>> The UE / gNB may report / transmit the first sample to be reported and other samples separately. For example, the UE / gNB may report / transmit timing information for each sample using an integer. Figure 8 is a diagram showing the correspondence between samples per time and bit values ​​indicating samples to be reported according to the second embodiment (aspect 2-2).

[0206] The timing information of the first report sample may be represented by an integer, and in this case, the correspondence between each piece of timing information and the integer may be predefined by the specification for each value of the timing granularity.

[0207] The timing information of the first reported sample may be represented by an integer corresponding to the time from a reference time (which may also be referred to as a relative time, relative time, etc.) or the time from the first detected sample (which may also be referred to as a relative time, relative time, etc.).

[0208] The timing information of any reported sample (e.g., any other sample) may be represented by an integer corresponding to the time (which may be referred to as relative time, relative time, etc.) from a particular sample, which may be at least one of the following (see FIG. 8):

[0209] First detected sample (Alt1). First reported sample (Alt2). Other samples (Alt3) that are immediately before the reported sample.

[0210] Any sample to be reported may be set with an information element listed as a sample to be reported (or may be set with the maximum number of reports, etc.) in the same way as with information elements in existing specifications.

[0211] The information elements of the existing specifications may be, for example, nr-RSTD-r1, NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementElement-r16, UL RTOA Measurement, Additional Path List, etc.

[0212] <<Aspect 2-3>> The UE / gNB may report / transmit the first sample to be reported and the other samples in separate bitmaps. For example, aspect 2-1 and aspect 2-2 may be applied in combination.

[0213] More specifically, the first reported sample may be reported using a bitmap and the other samples may be reported using integers, or vice versa, the first reported sample may be reported using integers and the other samples may be reported using bitmaps.

[0214] Alternatively, different methods (bitmap / integer) may be applied for each reporting target sample. For example, for a sample for which a large amount of information is assumed, reporting by bitmap may be applied, and for another sample different from the said sample, reporting by integer may be applied. Thereby, by flexibly switching the reporting method according to the sample, it is possible to control the reporting of timing information effectively while reducing communication overhead.

[0215] In this embodiment, by dividing the bitmap for reporting for each sample, it is possible to report / transmit timing information only for the sample to be reported (there is no need to report samples that are not the reporting target). As a result, it is possible to reduce the communication overhead required for reporting.

[0216] <Supplementary> <<Notification of Information to UE / BS>> Notification of any information from [Network (NW) (for example, Base Station (BS)) / NW node] to UE / BS in the above-described embodiment (in other words, reception of any information from BS / NW node in UE / BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (for example, DCI), upper layer signaling (for example, RRC signaling, MAC CE, NAS signaling, LPP message, NRPPa message), a specific signal / channel (for example, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof. [[ID=I]]

[0217] [[ID=I]]

[0218] ​When the above notification is performed by DCI, the above notification may be performed based on a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used for scrambling Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, a format of the DCI, and the like.

[0219] Also, the notification of any information to the UE / BS in the above-described embodiment may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. The semi-persistent or aperiodic information notification may be triggered by an instruction from the UE / BS / NW.

[0220] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by any one or a combination of the following methods: · Common to a plurality of UEs or UE-specific (for each UE), · Common to a plurality of BSs or BS-specific (for each BS), · Common to a plurality of frequencies (for example, one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a Bandwidth Part (BWP), a component carrier, etc.) (for example, cell-common) or frequency-specific (for each frequency, for example, for each cell).

[0221] <<Notification of Information from UE / BS>> The notification of any information from the UE / BS to [NW] in the above-described embodiment (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE / BS to the BS / NW node in the UE / BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (for example, UCI), upper layer signaling (for example, RRC signaling, MAC CE, NAS signaling, LPP message, NRPPa message), a specific signal / channel (for example, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0222] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not defined in existing standards.

[0223] If the notification is performed by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0224] In addition, any information notification from the UE / BS in the above-described embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. Notification of semi-persistent or aperiodic information may be triggered by an instruction from the UE / BS / NW.

[0225] <<Application of each embodiment>> In a UE / BS, a specific (e.g., one or more, or part of) process / operation / control / assumption / information of at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: Upper layer parameters indicating the above specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information are set in the UE / BS; The specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information is determined in the UE / BS based on relevant higher layer parameters; The above specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is specified / activated / triggered for the UE / BS by the MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS, The UE / BS reports or supports specific capabilities (e.g., UE capabilities) that indicate (or relate to) the specific processing / action / control / assumptions / information. The application of the above specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information is determined in the UE / BS based on specific conditions.

[0226] The specified capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting the above specific processes / actions / controls / assumptions / information; Support AI / ML-based positioning (using AI / ML models), Support sample-based / path-based measurement (positioning), Supports extended measurements for Rel.19 and later.

[0227] In the present disclosure, "supporting" and "whether to support" may be read interchangeably.

[0228] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0229] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities for each duplexing method (for example, Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0230] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0231] (Addendum) The following inventions are added regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Appendix 1] a control unit for controlling sample-based measurements for input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning; a transmitter for transmitting timing information for the measurement; The terminal, wherein the timing information includes at least one of a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and information regarding timing granularity. [Appendix 2] The terminal of claim 1, wherein the control unit controls to report timing information for multiple samples using one bitmap, or to report timing information for multiple samples using multiple bitmaps for each sample. [Appendix 3] 3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit includes in the timing information a predetermined bit sequence indicating a time position of any sample to be reported relative to a first report sample or another sample immediately before that sample. [Appendix 4] The control unit includes timing information in the report for any sample to be reported, the timing information being expressed by a relative time from a particular sample; A terminal described in any one of Supplementary Notes 1 to 3, wherein the particular sample is at least one of a first detection sample, a first report sample, and a previous other sample. [Appendix 5] In an artificial intelligence (AI) based positioning method, controlling sample-based measurements for input to a model; transmitting timing information for the measurements; A wireless communication method for a terminal, wherein the timing information includes at least one of information regarding a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and timing granularity. [Appendix 6] a control unit for controlling sample-based measurements for input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning; a transmitter for transmitting timing information for the measurement; The base station, wherein the timing information includes at least one of a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and information regarding timing granularity.

[0232] (wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0233] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like, which are specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0234] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0235] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0236] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and the SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0237] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0238] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a super cell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, sub-cells). A super cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range is fixed, and a sub-cell may correspond to a cell whose physical range varies semi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0239] The terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The terminal 20 may use at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0240] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0241] Furthermore, the terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0242] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0243] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN, 5GC), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0244] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NFs)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that a single network node (which may simply be referred to as a node) may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

[0245] The terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0246] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the radio communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0247] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0248] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0249] In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

[0250] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit Master Information Block (MIB).

[0251] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0252] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as an UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0253] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0254] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be called a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0255] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), acknowledgement information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0256] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0257] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0258] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including the SS (PSS, SSS) and the PBCH (and DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0259] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0260] (base station) 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0261] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0262] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0263] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0264] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0265] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0266] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0267] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0268] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0269] The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0270] The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0271] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0272] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0273] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0274] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0275] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NFs), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the terminal 20.

[0276] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0277] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may perform RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may perform higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may perform PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0278] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that implements all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0279] The control unit 110 may perform at least part of the processing of the control unit in the above appendix.

[0280] The transceiver unit 120 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit in the above appendix.

[0281] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a network device (for example, an LMF node) having the functionality of any of the above-described NFs may be a device having the configuration (for example, the control unit 110 and the transceiver unit 120) of the base station 10 in the same manner as in Fig. 10. In other words, in the description of Fig. 10, the base station may be replaced with the network device, thereby covering the configuration of the network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0282] For example, the transceiver 120 of the network device (e.g., an LMF node) may transmit to the terminal 20 or the base station 10 configuration for sample-based measurements for input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning. The transceiver 120 of the network device (e.g., an LMF node) may receive timing information for the measurements from the terminal 20 or the base station 10.

[0283] (Terminal) 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the terminal may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0284] In this example, functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0285] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0286] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0287] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured from a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0288] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0289] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0290] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0291] The transceiver 220 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0292] The transceiver 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0293] The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0294] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, the transceiver unit 220 may not perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0295] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0296] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0297] The transceiver 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0298] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0299] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0300] The transmitting section and receiving section of the terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0301] The control unit 210 may perform at least part of the processing of the control unit in the above appendix.

[0302] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit in the above appendix.

[0303] The timing information may include at least one of timing values ​​for the samples being reported, number of measurement samples, and information regarding timing granularity.

[0304] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by hardware, software, or a combination of these. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized by using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized by using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0305] For example, a base station, a terminal, a network node, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-described base station 10 and terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0306] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, module, chip, means, etc. may be read as interchangeable. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0307] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control the reading, writing, or both reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0308] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001. Although only one processor 1001 is shown in the figure, there may be multiple processors.

[0309] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from the storage 1003, the communication device 1004, or both the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be realized in a similar manner.

[0310] The various processes described above may be performed by one processor 1001, or may be performed by two or more processors 1001 simultaneously, sequentially, or using other techniques. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line, or may be provided to the computer device via, for example, the communication device 1004.

[0311] The present disclosure also provides a computer program product including a computer program, which may implement the steps of the methods described in the above embodiments when the computer program is executed by a computer (e.g., the processor 1001).

[0312] The memory 1002 is a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or a combination of at least two of these. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0313] Storage 1003 is a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a magneto-optical disk, a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, or the like, or a combination of at least two of these. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as a secondary storage device.

[0314] The above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, the memory 1002, the storage 1003, or a database including both the memory 1002 and the storage 1003, a server, or other suitable medium.

[0315] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via a wired network, a wireless network, or both a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., or a combination of at least two of these. For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0316] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from the outside (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc., or a combination of at least two of these). The output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to the outside (for example, a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc., or a combination of at least two of these). Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0317] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0318] Furthermore, base station 10 and terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or a combination of at least two of these, and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using such hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware elements.

[0319] In this disclosure, the term "processor" may encompass a single processor or a group of multiple processors, including, for example, a single-core processor, a multi-core processor, multiple processors in a single device, multiple processors in wired or wireless communication with each other, etc. Similarly, the term "(non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium" may encompass a single storage medium or a group of multiple storage media, including multiple storage media in wired or wireless communication with each other.

[0320] Devices such as processors and storage media in the present disclosure may be distributed locally or remotely, and may perform the processing of the devices by operating cooperatively or independently using a bus, network, the Internet, the cloud, etc.

[0321] Note that the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NFs) may also be realized by the above-described functional block / hardware configuration.

[0322] (Variation) Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a mobile communication system other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced), 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G-Advanced (5G-A), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN (O-RAN)), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA (registered trademark)), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, IEEE 802.11x (where x is any character string such as b, a, g, n, ac, ax, be, or bn, and when x = n, it is called Wi-Fi 4, when x = ac, it is called Wi-Fi 5, when x = ax, it is called Wi-Fi 6 or Wi-Fi 6E, when x = be, it is called Wi-Fi 7, and when x = bn, it is called Wi-Fi 8.Note that the present disclosure may be applied to systems based on technologies such as Wi-Fi (a registered trademark), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), network virtualization technologies (e.g., Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Service Function Chaining (SFC), Software Defined Networking (SDN)), or Low Power Wide Area (LPWA). Furthermore, each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a system based on a combination of at least two of these technologies. Here, "based on" naturally refers not only to a system that uses the technology in question, but also to a system that uses an extension or modification of the technology.

[0323] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "Radio Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "Access Point (AP)", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Radio Unit (RU)", "Remote Unit (RU)", "Control Unit (CU)", "Distributed Unit (DU)", "Remote Radio Head (RRH)", "node", "gateway", "terrestrial base station", "stratospheric base station", "unmanned aerial vehicle", "High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS)", "airborne platform", "panel", "cell", "Radio Access Network (RAN)", "network", etc. may be used interchangeably. Each cell accommodated by a base station may be referred to by terms such as a macro cell, a small cell, a femto cell, a pico cell, a serving cell, a super cell, etc. In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from a set of terms such as "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," "cluster," "bandwidth part (BWP)," and "carrier bandwidth" may be used interchangeably.

[0324] In the present disclosure, any two terms selected from the set of terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", "Device", "Module", "Terminal", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0325] A terminal may be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, router (e.g., home router, mobile router, etc.), Telematics Control Unit (TCU), or some other suitable terminology.

[0326] The base station and the terminal may each be composed of one or more devices. The devices constituting at least a part of the base station and the terminal may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a [wireless] communication device, etc. In addition, the devices constituting at least a portion of each of the base stations and terminals may be objects themselves, such as vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, unmanned aerial vehicles, stratospheric base stations (e.g., High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS)), artificial satellites (e.g., Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, Middle Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites, Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites), drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, Internet of Things (IoT) equipment (e.g., smart meters, sensors), etc., or may include, but are not limited to, objects or devices mounted on such objects. Furthermore, the object may be a moving object (hereinafter referred to as a "moving object"; this does not exclude the case where the moving object is stationary and not moving), or may be a fixedly positioned object (hereinafter referred to as a "non-moving object").

[0327] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)) or communication in a non-terrestrial network (Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "sidelink") or terms corresponding to NTN (for example, feeder link, service link). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as sidelink channel.

[0328] The present disclosure is also applicable to cases where at least some of the devices constituting the base station and the terminal operate outside the earth (for example, in the atmosphere or outer space).

[0329] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be read as "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the terminal 20 described above.

[0330] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node or by some of its upper nodes (e.g., CU, RU, DU, etc.) in some cases. It is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a RAN or core network may be performed by at least some of the base station and other network nodes other than the base station. The other network node may be one node or a combination of multiple nodes. The network node is, for example, a node provided in various core networks such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or a 5G Core Network (5GCN, 5GC), and provides one or more network functions (Network Functions (NFs)), but is not limited to these.

[0331] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the operation of "a terminal receives information from a base station" accompanies the operation of "the base station transmits the information to the terminal," "the base station generates the information," or both. Similarly, the operation of "a terminal transmits information to a base station" accompanies the operation of "the base station receives the information from the terminal." Furthermore, operations such as "a terminal is configured to ..." or "configure UE to ..." may include the operation of "a base station transmits configuration information regarding the configuration of the terminal" or "a terminal configures a predetermined operation based on the configuration information."

[0332] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0333] The physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) control information. The MAC signaling may be referred to as, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). The RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message or an information element (IE) in the RRC message. The RRC signaling may be, for example, a message used for controlling an RRC connection (e.g., setup, reconfiguration, establishment, reestablishment, release, or resume), mobility, a measurement report, notification of terminal capabilities, or an information element in the message.

[0334] Furthermore, notification of information may be either explicit or implicit. Note that an explicit notification of certain information means notification of the certain information itself, and an implicit notification of certain information may mean notification of information other than the certain information, or the certain information being deemed to have been notified when a certain condition is met.

[0335] Furthermore, notification of information may include not only notification between the same layers of different devices (for example, between a lower layer or an upper layer of the base station 10 and the terminal 20) but also notification between different layers in the same or different devices (for example, between a lower layer and an upper layer in the base station 10 or the terminal 20). Furthermore, notification of information from one device to another device may be performed via one or more devices.

[0336] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters, settings) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., terminal / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / terminal) of information indicating / identifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0337] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed as long as it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using an exemplary order and are not limited to the particular order presented. Furthermore, at least one step may be omitted in the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure.

[0338] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0339] In the present disclosure, a radio resource may be defined by a combination of resource units in one or more domains, such as the time domain, the frequency domain, the spatial domain, the code domain, and the power domain.

[0340] For example, a resource in the time domain (which may be referred to as a time resource) may be defined by one or more time units. The one or more time units may include, but are not limited to, a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a symbol, a transmission time interval (TTI), or a combination of at least two of these. Furthermore, the time unit may be a fixed-length time unit that is independent of numerology, a variable-length time unit that is dependent on numerology, or both.

[0341] Examples of fixed-length time units include, but are not limited to, subframes each consisting of one or more slots and radio frames each including multiple subframes. Examples of variable-length time units include, but are not limited to, symbols and slots each including a fixed number of symbols. A certain time unit may be divided into time units shorter than the certain time unit. Examples of such shorter time units include, but are not limited to, minislots each consisting of fewer symbols than the number of symbols that make up a slot. The above-described time units may include time units used as units for scheduling, link adaptation, and the like. Any time unit in the present disclosure may be interchangeable with another time unit.

[0342] Numerology is a parameter that defines the physical layer structure, and may be a parameter based on at least one of the subcarrier spacing (SCS), the symbol length, the cyclic prefix length, and the sampling time, for example.

[0343] A resource in the frequency domain (which may also be referred to as a frequency resource) may be defined by, for example, one or more frequency units. The one or more frequency units may include, for example, a subcarrier, a resource block (RB), a bandwidth part (BWP), a carrier bandwidth, or a combination of at least two of these, but the name of the frequency unit is not limited to these. Furthermore, the number of subcarriers included in a certain frequency unit may be a fixed number regardless of numerology, or may be a variable number that changes depending on numerology.

[0344] For example, an RB is composed of a predetermined number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain, and the number of subcarriers included in the RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12, but is not limited to this. Also, a BWP may be composed of, for example, one or more consecutive RBs within a certain carrier bandwidth, but is not limited to this. One or more BWPs may be configured within one carrier for terminal 20, and at least one of the BWPs may be activated. Also, any frequency unit in the present disclosure may be interpreted as another frequency unit.

[0345] Furthermore, resources in both the time domain and the frequency domain may be defined by one or more time / frequency units each consisting of a time unit and a frequency unit, such as, but not limited to, a resource element (RE) consisting of one symbol and one subcarrier, a resource element group (REG) consisting of a predetermined number of REs, or a control resource set (CORESET) consisting of a predetermined number of symbols and a predetermined number of RBs.

[0346] The resources in the spatial domain (which may also be referred to as spatial resources) may be defined, for example, by one or more spatial units, including, but not limited to, beams, layers of Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO), antenna ports, etc., or a combination of at least two of them.

[0347] The resource in the code domain (which may also be referred to as a code resource) may be defined by, for example, one or more code units, including, but not limited to, a Cyclic Shift (CS), an Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC), or a combination thereof.

[0348] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0349] In the present disclosure, terms such as "decide," "determine," "judge," "select," "specify," "compute," "calculate," "process," "derive," "look up / search / inquiry," "confirm," "assume," "expect," and "consider" may be read interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, performing a certain process (e.g., sending, receiving) may be read interchangeably as deciding to perform that process. Also, in the present disclosure, "not expected to do..." may be read interchangeably as "assumed not to do...."

[0350] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ...," "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ...," "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0351] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with the prefix "i-th" (i is any integer) (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable as "i-th highest").

[0352] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0353] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions, such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be nearly zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after the time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0354] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0355] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial relation information," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0356] In the present disclosure, an antenna port may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, a resource may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource). Furthermore, the spatial domain filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0357] In the present disclosure, beam, sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRS Resource Indicator (SRI)), control resource set (CONTROLLER RESOLUTION SET (CORESET)), CORESET pool, uplink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), codeword (CW), transport block (TB), reference signal (RS), etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0358] In the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, TCI, downlink TCI state (Downlink (DL) TCI state), uplink TCI state (Uplink (UL) TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0359] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumptions," "QCL relationships," "QCL type information," "QCL properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0360] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), identity (ID), indicator, indication, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0361] In the present disclosure, a group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, an RS group, a CORESET group, a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0362] Information in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters, settings) may be interchangeably read as the ID of the information. For example, TCI state and TCI state ID may be interchangeably read as the ID of the information. Also, information in this disclosure may be interchangeably read as "a set of the information," "one or more pieces of the information," etc.

[0363] Any signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH) in the present disclosure may be interchangeably read as another signal / channel (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH, any RS). A signal / channel may be interchangeably read as a signal / channel for the same direction (e.g., UL if the certain signal / channel is in the UL direction, and DL if in the DL direction), or as a signal / channel for another direction (e.g., DL if the certain signal / channel is in the UL direction, and UL if in the DL direction). Also, in the present disclosure, descriptions related to DL communication and descriptions related to UL communication may be interchangeably read. In this case, DL (UL) operation may be interchangeably read as the corresponding UL (DL) operation. For example, reception of a PDSCH in a terminal may be interchangeably read as transmission of a PUSCH in the terminal.

[0364] In the present disclosure, terms such as "X's number," "X number," "the number of X(s)," and "a number of X(s)" may be interchangeable. Note that X here may be replaced with an appropriate expression such as a noun, a gerund, or an ordinary sentence, depending on the context. In the present disclosure, "number" may be interchangeable with terms such as maximum number, minimum number, average number, and total number. In addition, in the present disclosure, terms such as "value," "index," "number," and "quantity" may be interchangeable with each other.

[0365] Values / ranges in this disclosure may be interpreted as approximations, as if the words "about" or "approximately" were preceding the value / range. In this disclosure, "A and B are the same" (A and B are any words) may mean "A and B are identical," "A and B are almost the same," "A and B are partly the same (or partially overlapped)," "There is an error within a certain range between A and B," etc. (i.e., these words may be read interchangeably). Furthermore, in the present disclosure, A and B being the same may mean that at least part of A and at least part of B are the same (or overlapped).

[0366] In this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "another embodiment," etc. may be used interchangeably. The appearances of phrases such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "another embodiment," etc. in this disclosure do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily meant to be mutually exclusive.

[0367] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "at least one of A and B," "at least one of A or B," "A and / or B," and "A / B" may be read interchangeably, and may be understood to include "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this disclosure, expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C," "at least one of A, B, or C," "A, B and / or C," and "A / B / C" may be interpreted interchangeably and may be understood to include "only A," "only B," "only C," "A and B," "B and C," "C and A," or "all of A, B, and C." Note that similar interpretations / interpretations may be applied to any expression in this disclosure such as "at least X of ..." (where the number of elements in "..." and X are each any number).

[0368] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "A, [and] B, and the like" / "such as A [and] B"), "A, [or] B, or the like" / "such as A [or] B"), "A, B, etc." / "A, B, and so on" / "A, B, and so forth"," and "A, B, [and / or] the others" may be read interchangeably.

[0369] In the present disclosure, expressions representing one / single X (e.g., "a X," "one X," "a single X"), expressions representing one or more X (e.g., "one or more X(s)," "at least one of X(s)"), and expressions representing a plurality of X (e.g., "Xs," "more than one X(s)," "multiple X(s)," "a plurarity of X(s)") may be read interchangeably. Note that these expressions may also be read interchangeably with expressions that include specific wording (e.g., when X is an uncountable noun, "pieces of," "amount of," etc.). For example, "a plurality of pieces of spatial relation information" may be read interchangeably as "a plurality of spatial relation information."

[0370] The present disclosure has been described above, but it is for illustrative purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. The present disclosure and its modifications and alterations are included in the scope of the present invention and its equivalents.

Claims

1. a control unit for controlling sample-based measurements for input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning; a transmitter for transmitting timing information for the measurement; The terminal, wherein the timing information includes at least one of a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and information regarding timing granularity.

2. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit controls to report timing information of a plurality of samples using one bitmap, or to report timing information of a plurality of samples using multiple bitmaps for each sample.

3. The terminal according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit includes in the timing information, for any sample to be reported, a predetermined bit sequence indicating a time position relative to a first report sample or another sample immediately before.

4. The control unit includes timing information in the report for any sample to be reported, the timing information being expressed by a relative time from a particular sample; The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the particular sample is at least one of a first detection sample, a first report sample, and a previous other sample.

5. In artificial intelligence (AI) based positioning, controlling sample-based measurements for input to a model; transmitting timing information for the measurements; A wireless communication method for a terminal, wherein the timing information includes at least one of information regarding a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and timing granularity.

6. a control unit for controlling sample-based measurements for input to a model in artificial intelligence (AI)-based positioning; a transmitter for transmitting timing information for the measurement; The base station, wherein the timing information includes at least one of a timing value for a sample to be reported, a number of measurement samples, and information regarding timing granularity.

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