Error Vector Magnitude for Transmit Diversity

Abstract

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to a communications device that includes a transceiver, a set of transmit antennas (e.g., three or more transmit antennas), and a set of antenna connectors. Each of the antenna connectors couples a signal from the transceiver to a respective one of the transmit antennas. The communications device also includes a processor for causing the communications device to output respective error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors for a determination of transmit diversity for the set of transmit antennas.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Related Applications This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 332,463, filed April 19, 2022, entitled “Error Vector Magnitude for Transmit Diversity,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] FIELD This disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more particularly, to error vector magnitude (EVM) for transmit diversity. [Background technology]

[0003] A wireless communication system may include one or more network communication devices, such as base stations, which may also be known as eNodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), core network functions (CNF), or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station, may support wireless communication for one or more user communication devices, which may also be known as user equipment (UE) or other suitable terminology. A wireless communication system may support wireless communication with one or more user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system, such as time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subslots, minislots, aggregated slots, subframes, frames, etc.) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers). Additionally, a wireless communication system may support wireless communication across various radio access technologies (RATs), including third-generation (3G) RATs, fourth-generation (4G) RATs, fifth-generation (5G) RATs, and other suitable RATs beyond 5G. In some cases, the wireless communication system may be a non-terrestrial network (NTN) and may support various communication devices for wireless communication in the NTN. For example, the NTN may include network entities on board non-terrestrial vehicles such as satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and high-altitude platforms systems (HAPS), and terrestrial network entities such as gateway entities capable of long-range transmission and reception.

[0004] A communication device, such as a UE or customer premise equipment (CPE), may determine the EVM based on an unbiased linear minimum mean square error (MMSE). The EVM may be independent of the channel between a transmitter associated with the communication device and a receiver of the receiving device. However, in some cases, the EVM may be independent of the power distribution between the two transmit antennas of the communication device. Although the EVM may assume a noiseless receiver, the receiver may not be noiseless such that the noise floor at the receiver output of the receiver may have some dependency on the power distribution at the transmitter associated with the communication device. In some other cases, the communication device may be configured to transmit using a small amount of power on one antenna, so assuming an EVM based on an unbiased linear MMSE, the EVM may depend on the minimum EVM of all transmit antennas of the communication device. In other cases, a transmit diversity EVM may be defined for a communication device with two transmit antennas. This definition of transmit diversity EVM is based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of a zero-forcing receiver (e.g., a virtual receiver) assuming non-optimal correlation of the transmitter noise. Currently, only the requirement of two transmit antennas is defined for communication devices in terms of radio performance and protocols. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] Way Forward R4-2008465 Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present disclosure relates to a method, apparatus, and system that supports EVM for transmit diversity of multiple transmit antennas. By utilizing the described techniques, EVM can be determined for three or more transmit antennas, for example, which may be utilized to implement a UE with four transmit antennas. For transmit diversity, the same transmit signal is transmitted from all of the transmit antennas of the device, except that a different linear or cyclic delay may be applied to the signal transmitted from each antenna, the delay being less than the length of the cyclic prefix. The question is how to define the quality of the transmit signal, given that it is not clear what errors may be seen at the receiver. To define a basic measure of the quality of the transmit signal, EVM is a measurement index that may be utilized to define the quality of the transmit signal as transmitted from multiple antennas of the UE, and the EVM for transmit diversity may be calculated as one over the square root of the transmitter's SNR, expressed as a percentage.

[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure provide for determining the EVM for transmit diversity of a transmitter of a communication device (e.g., UE) with multiple transmit antennas. As described herein, the EVM may be measured separately for each of the transmit antennas and then combined using power weighted averaging. The procedure for determining the EVM of the transmit antennas of a communication device assumes a linear zero-forcing receiver (e.g., a virtual receiver) of the receiving device with non-optimal (e.g., worst-case) correlation of the transmitter noise.

[0008] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may include outputting EVM measurements and power measurements at a communication device (e.g., a UE). The communication device includes a transceiver, a set of transmit antennas (e.g., three or more transmit antennas), and a set of antenna connectors. Each of the antenna connectors couples a signal from the transceiver to a respective one of the transmit antennas. The communication device also includes a processor for causing the communication device to output respective EVM measurements associated with each transmit antenna for a determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas.

[0009] In some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein, the communication device (e.g., UE) has four transmit antennas, and the processor may also cause the communication device to output respective power measurements associated with respective antenna connectors for determination of a power weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The power weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least on the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors. The linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors is based at least on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the communication device. The EVM for transmit diversity is a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors,

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[0010] Some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein may include a communications device that includes a set of transmit antennas in which the EVM for transmit diversity is determinable from a linear combination of respective EVM measurements for each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas. The set of transmit antennas may be three or more transmit antennas, such as four transmit antennas.

[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatus described herein, a communication device (e.g., UE) has four transmit antennas, and respective EVM measurements for each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas are output from a set of antenna connectors. Each of the antenna connectors couples a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna. The linear combination of the respective EVM measurements is a power-weighted linear combination based on at least respective output power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the respective transmit antennas. The power-weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based on at least respective output power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the respective transmit antennas. The linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective transmit antennas is based on at least a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the communication device. The EVM for transmit diversity is defined as the sum of the respective power measurements multiplied by the respective EVM measurements associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas divided by the sum of the respective power measurements associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas.

[0012] Various aspects of the present disclosure relating to EVM for transmit diversity are described with reference to the following figures, in which like numbers may be used throughout to reference like features and components shown in the figures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system that supports EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a transmit constellation and error vector associated with EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an example block diagram of components of a device (e.g., a communications device, UE) that supports EVM for transmit diversity in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is an example block diagram of components of a device (e.g., gNB, base station, CPE) that supports EVM for transmit diversity in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 1 is a flow diagram of a method for supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a flow diagram of a method for supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] An implementation of EVM for transmit diversity as it pertains to multiple transmit antennas is described. By utilizing the described techniques, EVM may be determined for more than two transmit antennas, for example, as may be utilized to implement a communication device (e.g., UE) with four transmit antennas. For transmit diversity, the same transmit signal is transmitted from all of the transmit antennas of the communication device, except that a different linear or cyclic delay may be applied to the signal transmitted from each antenna, the delay being less than the length of the cyclic prefix. The question is how to define the quality of the transmit signal, given that it is not clear what errors may be seen at the receiver of the receiving device. To define a basic measure of the quality of the transmit signal, EVM is a measurement index that may be utilized to define the quality of the transmit signal as transmitted from multiple antennas of a communication device, and EVM for transmit diversity may be calculated as one over the square root of the SNR of the transmitter, expressed as a percentage.

[0015] The transmit diversity EVM is defined for a communication device with two transmit antennas. This definition of transmit diversity EVM is based on the SNR at the output of a zero-forcing receiver (e.g., a virtual receiver unless per-antenna reference symbols are transmitted) assuming non-optimal correlation of noise at the transmitter. Currently, only the requirement of two transmit antennas is defined for a communication device in terms of radio performance and protocols. Further consideration takes into account that a frequency range 1 (FR1) device, such as a communication device, UE, gNB, or other type of CPE, may include four transmit antennas. This disclosure addresses how to determine the transmit diversity EVM of a wireless communication device with four transmit antennas. Furthermore, the transmit diversity EVM described herein is scalable and applicable to wireless communication devices with N transmit antennas.

[0016] Aspects of the present disclosure provide for determining EVM transmit diversity for a transmitter of a communication device (e.g., a UE) with N transmit antennas. As described herein, the EVM may be measured separately for each of the transmit antennas and then combined using a power weighted average. The procedure for determining the EVM assumes a linear zero-forcing receiver (e.g., a virtual receiver for the receiving device) with non-optimal (e.g., worst-case) correlation of the noise of the transmits.

[0017] There are other possible solutions to consider for transmit diversity EVM, including linear MMSE and pseudo-inverse receivers (max-ratio combiners). However, with linear MMSE receivers, the resulting EVM is independent of the power transmitted at each antenna. Furthermore, while pseudo-inverse receivers may be used, the EVM measured in a conductive test with no antenna coupling is likely to be highly optimistic. The approach described in this disclosure determines the EVM for four transmit antennas (or N antennas) based on the SNR at the output of a zero-forcing receiver (e.g., a virtual receiver) with non-optimal antenna correlation.

[0018] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to device diagrams and flow diagrams relating to EVM for transmit diversity.

[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more base stations 102, one or more UEs 104, and a core network 106. The wireless communication system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communication system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network. The wireless communication system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communication system 100 may support technologies such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA).

[0020] One or more base stations 102 may be distributed throughout a geographic region to form a wireless communication system 100. One or more of the base stations 102 described herein may be, include, or be referred to as a base transceiver station, access point, NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), next generation NodeB (gNB), Radio Head (RH), relay node, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or other suitable terminology. The base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may communicate over a communication link 108, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communication over an NR-Uu interface.

[0021] A base station 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 110 in which the base station 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, the base station 102 and the UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or more radio access technologies. In some implementations, the base station 102 may be mobile, such as when implemented as a gNB mounted on a satellite or other non-terrestrial station (NTS) associated with a non-terrestrial based network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, and different geographic coverage areas 110 may be associated with different base stations 102. The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0022] One or more UEs 104 may be distributed throughout a geographic region or coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100. The UEs 104 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, a customer premises equipment (CPE), a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UEs 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, the UEs 104 may be referred to as an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a Machine Type Communications (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, the UEs 104 may be stationary within the wireless communication system 100. In other implementations, the UEs 104 may be mobile within the wireless communication system 100, such as an earth station in motion (ESIM).

[0023] One or more UEs 104 may be devices of different forms or with different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are shown in FIG. 1. The UE 104 may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as base stations 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., a core network 106, relay devices, gateway devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, location servers implementing a location management function (LMF), or other network equipment). Additionally or alternatively, the UE 104 may support communication with other base stations 102 or UEs 104 that may act as relays in the wireless communication system 100.

[0024] The UE 104 may also support direct wireless communication with other UEs 104 via the communication link 112. For example, the UE 104 may support direct wireless communication with another UE 104 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 112 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, the UE 104 may support direct wireless communication with another UE 104 via a PC5 interface.

[0025] A base station 102 may support communication with a core network 106, or with another base station 102, or both. For example, a base station 102 may interface with the core network 106 via one or more backhaul links 114 (e.g., via an S1, N2, or other network interface). The base stations 102 may communicate with each other via the backhaul links 114 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other network interface). In some implementations, the base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the base stations 102). In some other implementations, the base stations 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106). In some implementations, one or more base stations 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). The ANC may communicate with one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as remote radio heads, smart radio heads, gateways, transmission-reception points (TRPs), and other network nodes and / or entities.

[0026] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) that may include control plane entities (e.g., mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)) that manage access and mobility, and user plane entities (e.g., serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or user plane function (UPF)) that route packets or interconnect to external networks. In some implementations, the control plane entities may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for one or more UEs 104 served by one or more base stations 102 associated with the core network 106.

[0027] According to an implementation, the UE 104 is operable to implement various aspects of EVM for transmit diversity as described herein. For example, the UE 104 includes a transceiver and N transmit antennas 116 (e.g., three or more transmit antennas, such as four transmit antennas), as well as antenna connectors 118 each configured to couple a transmit signal from the transceiver to a respective one of the transmit antennas. The device may include a processor and / or a communications manager (e.g., any one or more combinations of components) configured to cause the UE to output respective EVM measurements 120 associated with the respective antenna connectors for a determination of an EVM for transmit diversity for the set of transmit antennas. Additionally, the processor and / or communications manager (e.g., any one or more combinations of components) configured to cause the UE to output respective power measurements 122 associated with the respective antenna connectors for a determination of a power-weighted linear combination of the EVM for transmit diversity for the set of transmit antennas. A power weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity may be determined by applying weighting factors to a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector based at least in part on the respective power measurements associated with each antenna connector.

[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates an example 200 of a transmit constellation and error vector associated with EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the disclosure. In this example 200, a transmitter (e.g., a transceiver) of a UE 104 may be transmitting a 16-QAM constellation represented in an IQ plane 202. For an ideal constellation, the location of a transmission point 204 is known, but when transmitted, the symbol may not arrive at the exact intended location of the point of the constellation. For example, an imperfect radio may not transmit the intended symbol, as represented by an actual signal vector 206. The difference between an ideal signal vector 208 for an ideal symbol location 210 and the actual signal vector 206 transmitted at a measured symbol location 212 is an error vector 214. The square of the magnitude 216 of the error vector 214 may be averaged over a number of symbols, and then this mean-square average is normalized by the average power of the constellation. The EVM is then defined as 100 times the square root of the normalized mean squared error.

[0029] As mentioned above, the definition of transmit diversity EVM has been established for a UE with two transmit antennas for single layer transmission and transmission from an antenna port using a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver. The definition of transmit diversity EVM for a device with two transmit antennas is based on the SNR at the output of a zero-forcing receiver assuming worst-case correlation of noise at the transmitter. The current definition of transmit diversity EVM takes into account evaluating the EVM of an antenna port or single layer transmission where a MIMO receiver is used, and the matrix precoder W is

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[0030] In a zero-forcing receiver, the noise measured at the first output of the receiver is

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[0031] Distributed E|v1| 2 is independent of the channel H, and hence the EVM is also independent of the channel H. If the transmitter noise is uncorrelated, and therefore Σ′ is diagonal, then the variance of the noise is

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[0032] In the more general case where the transmitter noise is correlated and therefore Σ′ is not diagonal, the variance of the noise is

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[0033] If the correlation ε cannot be measured by the test equipment, then |ε|≦σ1σ2, so

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[0034] In Way Forward R4-2008465, EVM:

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[0035] In the special case where EVM1 = EVM2, EVM ≦ |w 1,0 | 2 EVM1 2 + (1 - |w 1,0 | 2 )EVM1 2 = EVM1 and

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[0036] The ratio of the proposed definition of EVM using a MIMO receiver to the definition of EVM is β = EVM2 / EVM1, γ = |w 1,0 | 2 = P1 / (P1+ P2), and the transmitter correlation coefficient ρ = |ε| / σ1σ2. This ratio is

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[0037] Combining the formula gives the definition of transmit diversity EVM

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[0038] In terms of EVM for transmit diversity, as mentioned above, the following equation gives an upper bound on the EVM for transmit diversity with two transmit antennas for a zero-forcing receiver assuming worst-case correlation of the transmitter noise:

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[0039] This formula for EVM for transmit diversity with two transmit antennas can be extended to accommodate any number of transmit antennas, but the described EVM aspect of transmit diversity provides a simpler recursive approach. As an example of EVM for transmit diversity extended to accommodate any number of transmit antennas, the example of three transmit antennas is considered. From the above formula, the transmit diversity for two transmit antennas is

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[0040] The first two transmit antennas have power P1 + P2 and

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[0041] In particular, the EVM of an implementation of a device such as a UE with a fourth transmit antenna can be determined as a linear combination of the first three transmit antennas as shown in the above equation, where the first three transmit antennas are virtualized as:

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[0042] From the above analysis for two antennas and two precoders,

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[0043] For N transmit antennas,

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[0044] In a zero-forcing receiver, the noise measured at the first output of the receiver is

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[0045] ρ i,j = |ε i,j | / σ i σ j Let ρ i,j ≦ 1,

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[0046] The EVM at the output of a zero-forcing receiver is

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[0047] Using the results from above,

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[0048] P i Let denote the power measured at the i-th antenna, and the total power P is

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[0049] In summary, for a zero-forcing receiver with worst-case correlation of the transmitter noise, the upper bound on EVM is

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[0050] In another aspect of the EVM for transmit diversity, an alternative is to use a linear unbiased MMSE receiver, and for worst case correlation of noise at the transmitter, the EVM for transmit diversity with N transmit antennas is: EVM = min(EVM1, EVM2, … , EVM N ) However, with this approach the resulting EVM is independent of the power transmitted at each antenna.

[0051] In another aspect of EVM for transmit diversity, another alternative is to define EVM using a pseudo-inverse receiver (also known as a maximal ratio combiner). A pseudo-inverse receiver defines EVM as

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[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates an example signaling diagram 300 supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to aspects of the disclosure. A communication device (e.g., UE 104) includes at least a transceiver, a set of transmit antennas (e.g., three or more transmit antennas), and a set of antenna connectors. Each of the antenna connectors couples a signal from the transceiver to a respective one of the transmit antennas. The UE outputs (in step 1) a respective EVM measurement associated with each antenna connector of the respective transmit antenna. The UE also outputs (in step 2) a respective power measurement associated with each antenna connector of the respective transmit antenna. A test device 302 receives the EVM measurements and the power measurements and determines (in step 3) a power-weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity for the set of transmit antennas of the UE. Although the UE 104 and the test device 302 are illustrated and described as separate devices and / or components, the test device or equivalent logic may be integrated with the UE.

[0053] In an implementation, a power-weighted linear combination of the EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying weighting factors to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based on at least the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors. The EVM for transmit diversity is a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors,

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[0054] FIG. 4 illustrates an example block diagram 400 of a device 402 supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the disclosure. The device 402 may be an example of a UE 104 described herein. The device 402 may support wireless communication and / or network signaling with one or more base stations 102, other UEs 104, network entities and devices, or any combination thereof. The device 402 may include components for bidirectional communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 404, a processor 406, a memory 408, a receiver 410, a transmitter 412, and an I / O controller 414. These components may communicate electronically or be otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0055] The communications manager 404, the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the disclosure described herein. For example, the communications manager 404, the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0056] In some implementations, the communications manager 404, the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communications management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing functions described in this disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 406 and a memory 408 coupled to the processor 406 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by the processor 406 executing instructions stored in the memory 408).

[0057] Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the communications manager 404, the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by the processor 406 (e.g., as communications management software or firmware). When implemented in code executed by the processor 406, the functions of the communications manager 404, the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in this disclosure), a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0058] In some implementations, the communications manager 404 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or both. For example, the communications manager 404 may receive information from the receiver 410, transmit information to the transmitter 412, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 410, the transmitter 412, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein. Although the communications manager 404 is illustrated as a separate component, in some implementations one or more functions described in connection with the communications manager 404 may be supported or performed by the processor 406, the memory 408, or any combination thereof. For example, the memory 408 may store code that may include instructions executable by the processor 406 to cause the device 402 to perform various aspects of the disclosure as described herein, or the processor 406 and memory 408 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0059] For example, the communications manager 404 may support wireless communications and / or network signaling in a device (e.g., device 402, UE) according to examples disclosed herein. The communications manager 404 and / or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a communications device (e.g., UE) including a transceiver, a set of transmit antennas, a set of antenna connectors, where each of one or more antenna connectors of the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas, and a processor configured to cause the apparatus to output EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors for a determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas.

[0060] Further, the apparatus (e.g., communication device, UE) includes any one or combination of the following, wherein the set of transmit antennas includes three or more transmit antennas; the set of transmit antennas includes four transmit antennas; the determination of the EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas is based at least in part on a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors; the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to output the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors for the determination of the power weighted linear combination of the EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas; the power weighted linear combination of the EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least in part on the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors; the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors is based at least in part on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the apparatus; the EVM for transmit diversity is a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors;

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[0061] In another example, the communications manager 404 and / or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a communications device (e.g., UE), that includes a set of transmit antennas in which the EVM for transmit diversity is determinable from a linear combination of respective EVM measurements for each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas.

[0062] Further, the apparatus (e.g., communication device, UE) includes any one or combination of the following, wherein the set of transmit antennas includes three or more transmit antennas; the set of transmit antennas includes four transmit antennas; the respective EVM measurements of each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas are output from a set of antenna connectors, each of the one or more antenna connectors of the set of antenna connectors configured to couple a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas; the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements is a power-weighted linear combination based at least in part on a respective output power measurement associated with a respective antenna connector of each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas; the power-weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least in part on a respective output power measurement associated with a respective antenna connector of each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas; the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas is based at least in part on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the apparatus. The EVM for transmit diversity is defined as the sum of each power measurement multiplied by each EVM measurement associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas divided by the sum of each power measurement associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas.

[0063] The communications manager 404 and / or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support a means for wireless communications and / or network signaling in a communications device (e.g., UE), including receiving signals communicated from a transceiver to a set of transmit antennas, where the signals are received at a set of antenna connectors, where each of one or more antenna connectors of the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple the signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas, and outputting respective EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors for determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas.

[0064] Further, the wireless communication and / or network signaling in the communication device includes any one or combination of outputting respective power measurements associated with respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors for determining a power-weighted linear combination of EVMs for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The power-weighted linear combination of EVMs for transmit diversity is determined by applying weighting factors to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least in part on the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors. The EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas is determinable at least in part based on the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors. The set of transmit antennas includes three or more transmit antennas. The set of transmit antennas includes four transmit antennas. The linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors is based at least in part on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the transceiver. The EVM for transmit diversity is defined as the sum of each power measurement multiplied by each EVM measurement associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors divided by the sum of each power measurement associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors.

[0065] The processor 406 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 406 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 406. The processor 406 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 408) to cause the device 402 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0066] The memory 408 may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The memory 408 may store computer readable and computer executable code, including instructions that, when executed by the processor 406, cause the device 402 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 406, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 408 may include a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices, among other things.

[0067] The I / O controller 414 may manage input and output signals for the device 402. The I / O controller 414 may also manage peripheral devices not integrated into the device 402. In some implementations, the I / O controller 414 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some implementations, the I / O controller 414 may utilize an operating system, such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 414 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 402 through the I / O controller 414 or through hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 414.

[0068] In some implementations, the device 402 may include a single antenna 416. However, in some other implementations, the device 402 may have two or more antennas 416 that may be capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The receiver 410 and the transmitter 412 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 416, a wired link, or a wireless link as described herein. For example, the receiver 410 and the transmitter 412 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver may include a modem for modulating packets, providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 416 for transmission, and demodulating packets received from the one or more antennas 416.

[0069] FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram 500 of a device 502 supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the disclosure. The device 502 may be an example of a base station 102 (such as a gNB), an access point, or any other type of CPE described herein. The device 502 may support wireless communication and / or network signaling with one or more base stations 102, other UEs 104, core network devices and functions (e.g., core network 106), or any combination thereof. The device 502 may include components for bidirectional communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 504, a processor 506, a memory 508, a receiver 510, a transmitter 512, and an I / O controller 514. These components may electronically communicate or otherwise be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0070] The communications manager 504, the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the disclosure described herein. For example, the communications manager 504, the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0071] In some implementations, the communications manager 504, the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communications management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing functions described in this disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 506 and a memory 508 coupled to the processor 506 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by the processor 506 executing instructions stored in the memory 508).

[0072] Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the communications manager 504, the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by the processor 506 (e.g., as communications management software or firmware). When implemented in code executed by the processor 506, the functions of the communications manager 504, the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as a means for performing the functions described in this disclosure or otherwise supporting such means), a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0073] In some implementations, the communications manager 504 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or both, or in other manners in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or both. For example, the communications manager 504 may receive information from the receiver 510, transmit information to the transmitter 512, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 512, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein. Although the communications manager 504 is illustrated as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described in connection with the communications manager 504 may be supported or performed by the processor 506, the memory 508, or any combination thereof. For example, the memory 508 may store code, which may include instructions executable by the processor 506 to cause the device 502 to perform various aspects of the disclosure as described herein, or the processor 506 and the memory 508 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0074] For example, the communications manager 504 may support wireless communications and / or network signaling in a device (e.g., device 502, a gNB, a base station, an access point, a CPE, etc.) in accordance with examples disclosed herein. The communications manager 504 and / or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a gNB, a base station, a CPE, or other network device, including a transceiver, a set of transmit antennas, a set of antenna connectors, where each of one or more antenna connectors of the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas, and a processor configured to cause the apparatus to output EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors for a determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas.

[0075] Further, the apparatus (e.g., gNB, base station, access point, CPE, etc.) includes any one or combination of the following, wherein the set of transmit antennas includes three or more transmit antennas; the set of transmit antennas includes four transmit antennas; the determination of the EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas is based at least in part on a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors; the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to output the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors for the determination of the power weighted linear combination of the EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas; the power weighted linear combination of the EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least in part on the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors; the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors is based at least in part on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the apparatus; the EVM for transmit diversity is a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors;

number

[0076] In another example, the components of the communications manager 504 and / or other devices may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a gNB, base station, CPE, or other network device, that includes a set of transmit antennas where the EVM for transmit diversity is determinable from a linear combination of respective EVM measurements for each transmit antenna in the set of transmit antennas.

[0077] Further, the apparatus (e.g., gNB, base station, access point, CPE, etc.) includes any one or combination of the following, where the set of transmit antennas includes three or more transmit antennas; the set of transmit antennas includes four transmit antennas; the respective EVM measurements of each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas are output from a set of antenna connectors, each of the one or more antenna connectors of the set of antenna connectors configured to couple a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas; the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements is a power-weighted linear combination based at least in part on a respective output power measurement associated with a respective antenna connector of each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas; the power-weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least in part on a respective output power measurement associated with a respective antenna connector of each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas; the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas is based at least in part on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the apparatus. The EVM for transmit diversity is defined as the sum of each power measurement multiplied by each EVM measurement associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas divided by the sum of each power measurement associated with each transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas.

[0078] The communications manager 504 and / or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support a means for wireless communications and / or network signaling in a gNB, base station, access point, CPE, or other network device, including receiving signals communicated from a transceiver to a set of transmit antennas, where the signals are received at a set of antenna connectors, where each of one or more antenna connectors of the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple the signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna of the set of transmit antennas, and outputting respective EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors for a determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas.

[0079] Further, the wireless communication in the gNB, base station, access point, CPE, or other network device includes any one or combination of outputting respective power measurements associated with respective antenna connectors of one or more antenna connectors for determination of a power weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The power weighted linear combination of EVM for transmit diversity is determined by applying a weighting factor to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors based at least in part on the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors. The EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas is determinable at least in part based on the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors. The set of transmit antennas includes three or more transmit antennas. The set of transmit antennas includes four transmit antennas. The linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors is based at least in part on a correlation of noise values ​​associated with the transceiver. The EVM for transmit diversity is defined as the sum of each power measurement multiplied by each EVM measurement associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors divided by the sum of each power measurement associated with each antenna connector of the one or more antenna connectors.

[0080] The processor 506 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 506 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 506. The processor 506 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 508) to cause the device 502 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0081] The memory 508 may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The memory 508 may store computer readable and computer executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 506, cause the device 502 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 506, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 508 may include a basic I / O system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices, among others.

[0082] The I / O controller 514 may manage input and output signals for the device 502. The I / O controller 514 may also manage peripheral devices not integrated into the device 502. In some implementations, the I / O controller 514 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some implementations, the I / O controller 514 may utilize an operating system, such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 514 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 506. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 502 through the I / O controller 514 or through hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 514.

[0083] In some implementations, the device 502 may include a single antenna 516. However, in some other implementations, the device 502 may have two or more antennas 516 that may be capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The receiver 510 and the transmitter 512 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 516, a wired link, or a wireless link as described herein. For example, the receiver 510 and the transmitter 512 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver may include a modem for modulating packets, providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 516 for transmission, and demodulating packets received from the one or more antennas 516.

[0084] 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 600 for supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented and performed by a device, such as the UE 104, or components thereof, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-5. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0085] At 602, the method may include receiving signals communicated from a transceiver to a set of transmit antennas, the signals being received at a set of antenna connectors, each configured to couple a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna. The operations of 602 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 602 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0086] At 604, the method may include outputting respective EVM measurements associated with respective antenna connectors for a determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The operations of 604 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 604 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0087] At 606, the method may include outputting respective power measurements associated with respective antenna connectors for determination of a power-weighted linear combination of EVMs for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The operations of 606 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 606 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0088] 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 700 for supporting EVM for transmit diversity according to an aspect of the disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented and performed by a device, such as UE 104, or components thereof, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-5. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the device may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0089] At 702, the method may include receiving signals communicated from a transceiver to a set of transmit antennas, the signals being received at a set of antenna connectors, each configured to couple a signal from the transceiver to a respective transmit antenna. The operations of 702 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 702 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0090] At 704, the method may include outputting respective EVM measurements associated with respective antenna connectors for a determination of EVM for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The operations of 704 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 704 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0091] At 706, the method may include outputting respective power measurements associated with respective antenna connectors for determination of a power-weighted linear combination of EVMs for transmit diversity of the set of transmit antennas. The operations of 706 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 706 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0092] At 708, the method may include determining a power-weighted linear combination of EVMs for transmit diversity based on the respective power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors by applying weighting factors to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors. The operations of 708 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 708 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0093] At 710, the method may include defining the EVM for transmit diversity as the sum of each power measurement multiplied by each EVM measurement associated with each antenna connector divided by the sum of each power measurement associated with each antenna connector. The operations of 710 may be performed according to examples described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG.

[0094] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and that other implementations are possible. Additionally, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined. The order in which the methods are described is not intended to be construed as limiting, and any number or combination of the described method operations may be performed in any order to perform the method or alternative methods.

[0095] The various example blocks and components described herein in connection with the disclosure may be implemented or performed using a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0096] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of the software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, wiring, or any combination thereof. Features implementing the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed such that some of the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0097] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium that may be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), Flash memory, Compact Disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer, or a general purpose or special purpose processor.

[0098] Any connection may be properly referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio wave, and microwave, the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio wave, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with a laser. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0099] As used herein, including in the claims, "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Similarly, a list of one or more of A, B, or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" is to be construed similarly to the phrase "based at least in part on". Furthermore, as used in this specification, including the claims, a "set" may include one or more elements.

[0100] The description set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describes exemplary configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or are within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not mean "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of allowing the understanding of the described technology. However, these technologies may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0101] The description herein is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. [Explanation of symbols]

[0102] 100 Wireless communication system 102 Base station 104UE 106 Core Network 108 Communication Links 110 Geographic Coverage Area 112 Communication Links 114 Backhaul Link 116 Transmitting Antenna 118 Antenna Connector 120 EVM measurements 122 Power Measurements 200 Examples 202 IQ plane 204 Transmission Point 206 Actual Signal Vectors 208 Ideal Signal Vector 210 Ideal symbol position 212 Measured symbol positions 214 Error Vector 216 Size 300 Examples 302 Test Device 400 Block Diagram 402 Devices 404 Communications Manager 406 Processor 408 Memory 410 Receiver 412 Transmitter 414 I / O Controller 416 Antenna 500 Block Diagram 502 Devices 504 Communications Manager 506 Processor 508 Memory 510 Receiver 512 Transmitter 514 I / O Controller 516 Antenna 600 ways 700 methods

Claims

1. User equipment (UE) for wireless communication, Transceiver and, A set of transmitting antennas, A set of antenna connectors, wherein each of the one or more antenna connectors in the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple signals from the transceiver to each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas, At least one processor coupled to at least one memory, configured to cause the UE to output respective EVM measurements associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors for determining the error vector amplitude (EVM) relating to the transmit diversity of the set of transmitting antennas, and A UE equipped with

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the set of transmitting antennas includes at least one of three or more transmitting antennas or four transmitting antennas.

3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity of the set of transmitting antennas is at least partially based on a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements relating to each of the antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors.

4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the UE to output respective power measurements associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors for determining a power-weighted linear combination of the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity of the set of transmitting antennas.

5. The UE according to claim 4, wherein the power-weighted linear combination of the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity is determined by applying weighting coefficients to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector, at least in part, based on the respective power measurements associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors.

6. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors is at least partially based on the correlation of noise values ​​associated with the UE.

7. The EVM relating to the transmit diversity is a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each of the antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors, and the EVM is [Math 1] or [Math 2] The UE according to claim 1, defined as at least one of the following.

8. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing a first sum of the values ​​obtained by multiplying each power measurement by the respective EVM measurement associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors by a second sum of the respective power measurement values ​​associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors.

9. A set of transmitting antennas, wherein the error vector amplitude (EVM) relating to the transmit diversity can be determined from a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements for each transmitting antenna in the set of transmitting antennas. A device equipped with the following features.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the set of transmitting antennas includes at least one of three or more transmitting antennas or four transmitting antennas.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the respective EVM measurement values ​​of each transmitting antenna in the set of transmitting antennas are output from a set of antenna connectors, and each of one or more antenna connectors in the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple signals from a transceiver to each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements is a power-weighted linear combination based at least in part on the respective output power measurements associated with the respective antenna connectors of each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the power-weighted linear combination of the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity is determined by applying weighting coefficients to the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each antenna connector, at least on the respective output power measurements associated with each antenna connector of each of the transmit antennas in the set of transmit antennas.

14. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas is at least partially based on the correlation of noise values ​​associated with the apparatus.

15. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing a first sum of the values ​​obtained by multiplying each power measurement by the respective EVM measurement associated with each transmitting antenna in the set of transmitting antennas by a second sum of the respective power measurement associated with each transmitting antenna in the set of transmitting antennas.

16. A method carried out by a user device (UE), A step of receiving a signal communicated from a transceiver to a set of transmitting antennas, wherein the signal is received by a set of antenna connectors, and each of one or more antenna connectors in the set of antenna connectors is configured to couple the signal from the transceiver to the respective transmitting antenna of the set of transmitting antennas. The steps include: determining the error vector amplitude (EVM) for the transmit diversity of the set of transmitting antennas by outputting the respective EVM measurements associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors; Methods that include...

17. A processor for wireless communication, It comprises at least one controller coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one controller provides the processor, A processor configured to output respective EVM measurements associated with each of one or more antenna connectors for determining the transmit diversity (EVM) of a set of transmitting antennas, wherein the one or more antenna connectors are configured to couple signals from a transceiver to each of the transmitting antennas in the set of transmitting antennas.

18. The processor according to claim 17, wherein the set of transmitting antennas comprises at least one of two or four transmitting antennas.

19. The processor according to claim 17, wherein the determination of the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity of the set of transmitting antennas is at least partially based on a linear combination of the respective EVM measurements associated with each of the antenna connectors of the one or more antenna connectors.

20. The processor according to claim 17, wherein the EVM with respect to the transmit diversity is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing a first sum of the values ​​obtained by multiplying each power measurement by the respective EVM measurement associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors by a second sum of the respective power measurement values ​​associated with each of the one or more antenna connectors.

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