Method, architecture, apparatus, and system for joint beam management in NR duplex

Abstract

Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatus, systems, devices, and computer program products for joint beam management. A first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may experience radio signal interference caused by a second WTRU. The first WTRU may receive from a network node a measurement configuration for at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU, and information on the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration. The first WTRU may determine a channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU according to the received measurement configuration. The first WTRU may report channel state information to the network node based on the determined channel quality according to the received reporting configuration. The network node may then instruct the second WTRU, for example, to avoid transmitting in the direction of the first WTRU.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure is generally directed to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, devices, and systems directed to joint beam management in New Radio (NR) duplexes. [Background technology]

[0002] In RAN#94-e, a RAN study item on NR duplex operation has been agreed. This technology can be a great basis for improving traditional TDD (Time-Division Duplexing) operation by enhancing UL (Uplink) coverage, improving capacity, reducing latency, etc. Traditional TDD operation is based on splitting the time domain between uplink and downlink. In NR Rel.18, the feasibility of enabling full duplex, or more specifically, Cross Division Duplex (XDD), which is sub-band non-overlapping full duplex at the gNB side within the traditional TDD band, is being considered. The realization of XDD targets to solve the challenges caused due to cross-link interference (CLI).

[0003] This document addresses at least some of these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0004] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Method embodiments are disclosed that are described below and claimed in the accompanying claims.

[0005] Disclosed are device embodiments as described below and claimed in the accompanying claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0006] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following detailed description, taken by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Such drawing figures, like the detailed description, are examples. Thus, the figures and detailed description should not be considered as limiting, as other equally effective examples are possible and likely. Moreover, like reference numerals ("references") in the figures indicate like elements. [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system. [Figure 1B] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A. [Figure 1D] FIG. 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further exemplary RAN and a further exemplary CN that may be used within the communication system illustrated in FIG. 1A. [Diagram 2] This shows the Cross-Division Duplex (XDD) technology. [Diagram 3] Shows mutual link interference (CLI) between gNBs and between WTRUs (wireless transmit receiver units). [Figure 4] 1 illustrates a victim WTRU that may experience RF interference from an aggressor WTRU in communication with a gNB. [Diagram 5] With reference to the situation depicted in FIG. 4, an example of per-SB beam reporting based on an association between a victim WTRU CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator) and an aggressor WTRU SRI (SRS resource indicator, where SRS stands for sounding reference signal) is shown. [Figure 6]With reference to the situation depicted in FIG. 4, an example of per-SB beam reporting based on an association between a victim WTRU CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator) and an aggressor WTRU SRI (SRS resource indicator, where SRS stands for sounding reference signal) is shown. [Figure 7] 1 illustrates null-space based coordinated beam avoidance from aggressor WTRUs. [Figure 8] 13 shows an example of a directional CLI from multiple WTRUs. [Figure 9] 11 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment for joint PMI measurement of an aggressor WTRU and a victim WTRU for coordinated SB-specific beam avoidance with joint PMI. [Figure 10] Referring to FIG. 8, a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment for dynamic CLI mitigation in the case of multiple aggressor WTRUs is shown. [Figure 11] 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment for SRI-based interference management resource in estimating CSI-SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio); [Figure 12] 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method described herein. [Figure 13] 1 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 7 is an alternative presentation of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 in one view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0007] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the following description. Furthermore, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in place of or in combination with embodiments and other examples explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently (collectively "provided") herein. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein in which apparatus, systems, devices, etc. and / or any elements thereof perform operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any portions thereof, it should be understood that any embodiment described and / or claimed herein assumes that any apparatus, system, device, etc. and / or any elements thereof are configured to perform any operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any portions thereof.

[0008] Exemplary Communication System The methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein are well suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided with reference to Figures 1A-1D, in which various elements of a network may utilize, execute, be arranged in accordance with, and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein.

[0009] 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. Communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasts, etc., to multiple wireless users. Communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications system 100 may use one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique-word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0010] 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain contexts), household electronic devices, devices operating in commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a UE.

[0011] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as, for example, the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112. By way of example, the base station 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (Node-B, NB), an eNode-B (eNode-B, eNB), a Home Node-B (Home Node-B, HNB), a Home eNode-B (Home eNode-B, HeNB), a gNode-B (gNode-B, gNB), a NR Node-B (NR Node-B, NR NB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0012] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell, for example, using beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0013] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0014] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system, but may use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base stations 114a of the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communications protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0015] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0016] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0017] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to and from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0018] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., WiMAX (Global Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), or the like.

[0019] 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home Node-B, a Home eNode-B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as, for example, an office, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, etc. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.11, to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology, such as IEEE 802.15, to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish either a small cell, a pico cell, or a femto cell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0020] The RAN 104 / 113 may communicate with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as, for example, different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be understood that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that use the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, the CN 106 / 115, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, may communicate with another RAN (not shown) that uses any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0021] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), the user datagram protocol (UDP), and / or the internet protocol (IP) of the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may use the same RAT as the RANs 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0022] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a, which may use a cellular-based wireless technology, and a base station 114b, which may use an IEEE 802 wireless technology.

[0023] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0024] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated into an electronic package or chip, for example.

[0025] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit or receive signals to or from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0026] 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may use MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0027] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0028] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user-entered data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0029] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0030] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by way of any suitable location determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0031] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other elements / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the elements / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The elements / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0032] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio where transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for both the uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., via a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0033] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106, according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116 using E-UTRA radio technology. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0034] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0035] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. As shown in FIG 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0036] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0037] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may function as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial attachment of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0038] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to and from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as fixing the user plane during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0039] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0040] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0041] Although the WTRU is illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such a terminal may use a wired communications interface (e.g., temporarily or permanently) with the communications network.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0043] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic within and / or outside the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS to a STA may arrive through the AP and be sent to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA destined for a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be sent to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs in a BSS may be sent, for example, through the AP, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may send traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs in a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) a source STA and a destination STA using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0044] When using an 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width that is dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS, but may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. With CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., all STAs), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0045] A high throughput (HT) STA may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0046] A very high throughput (VHT) STA may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. A 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channel may be formed by combining multiple adjacent 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels or by combining two non-adjacent 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel encoding, the data may pass through a segment parser that may split the data into two streams. Inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing may be performed separately on each stream. The streams may be mapped to two 80 MHz channels and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-mentioned operations for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed and the combined data may be transmitted to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0047] Sub-1 GHz operation modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter-type control / machine-type communication (MTC) such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have limited capabilities, including certain capabilities, for example, support for certain and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., only supporting these). The MTC device may include a battery that has a battery life above a threshold (eg, to maintain a very long battery life).

[0048] WLAN systems that may support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel that may be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be configured and / or limited by the STAs among all STAs operating in the BSS that support the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In an 802.11ah embodiment, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only) the 1 MHz mode, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is active due to a STA (that only supports the 1 MHz mode of operation) transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered active even though most of the frequency band may remain dormant and available.

[0049] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz depending on the country code.

[0050] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115, according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 113 may use NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also communicate with the CN 115.

[0051] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it will be understood that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with the embodiments. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a may transmit and / or receive wireless signals to and from the WTRU 102a, for example, using multiple antennas. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or 180c).

[0052] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may be different for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different or scalable lengths (e.g., including varying numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying lengths of absolute time durations).

[0053] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with and connect to a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with and connecting to another RAN, such as an eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may act as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0054] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0055] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0056] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may function as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b, for example, to customize the CN support of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[0057] The SMFs 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMFs 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMFs 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPFs 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a, 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a, 184b. The SMFs 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0058] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110, for example to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0059] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface with the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0060] 1A-1D and the corresponding description thereof, one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to any of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other elements / devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation elements / devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0061] The emulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use terrestrial wireless communication to implement the tests.

[0062] The one or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, inclusive, while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in test scenarios in a test lab and / or in an undeployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may include, for example, one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0063] Introduction ["Aggressor" and "Victim"] In the following, the terms "aggressor" and "victim" are used. In the context of this document, these terms are used to define "causing RF (radio frequency) signal interference" and "suffering RF signal interference," respectively. To illustrate this, an aggressor WTRU (e.g., a "first" WTRU) may cause RF interference in the reception of an RF signal by a victim WTRU (e.g., a "third" WTRU) (e.g., from a "second" WTRU or a gNB) or may cause RF interference in the transmission of an RF signal by the victim WTRU (e.g., to a second WTRU).

[0064] ["WTRU-Panel / Beam-ID"] In the following, the terms "WTRU-panel / beam ID" or "WTRU-panel / beam index" are used interchangeably to distinguish between antenna panel / beam identifier combinations. For example, a WTRU or gNB may have multiple antenna panels, and each antenna panel may have multiple (transmit) beams. Each of the antenna panels and beams may be identified by an identifier and / or index.

[0065] [Use of "a" and "an"] Hereinafter, "a" and "an" etc. should be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one." Similarly, any term ending with the suffix "(s)" should be interpreted as "one or more" and "at least one." The term "may" should be interpreted as "e.g., may."

[0066] Beam Definition The WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or a reference signal (RS) according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0067] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as that used to receive an RS (such as CSI-RS, where CSI indicates Channel State Information) or SS (Synchronization Signal) block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as the "target" and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as the "reference" or "source." In such a case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relationship with respect to such RS or SS block.

[0068] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter used to transmit a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as the "target" and "reference" (or "source"), respectively. In such a case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the first (target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relationship relative to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0069] The spatial relationship may be implicit, configured by Radio Resource Control (RRC), or signaled by MAC CE (where CE stands for Control Element) or Downlink Control Information (DCI). For example, the WTRU may implicitly transmit the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) of the PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) indicated in the DCI or indicated by the SRI configured by RRC. In another example, the spatial relationship may be configured by RRC for the SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by the MAC CE for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). Such a spatial relationship may also be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0070] SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) is part of two types of reference signals in UL (SRS and DMRS for Demodulation Reference Signal) that give information about channel quality. The gNB can make decisions for resource allocation for UL transmission, link adaptation, and decoding of data from the WTRU. SRS is a UL reference signal transmitted by the UE (e.g., to a base station). SRS may give information about the combined effects of multipath fading, scattering, Doppler, and power loss of the transmitted signal. For example, the base station may use this reference signal to estimate the channel quality and manage further resource scheduling, beam management, and power control of the signal. For example, SRS may provide information (e.g., to the gNB) about the channel over the entire bandwidth, and using this information, the gNB makes decisions for resource allocation with better channel quality compared to other bandwidth regions. One reference signal (DMRS) may be associated with each channel (PUCCH / PUSCH). DMRS provides information about the frequency region used specifically by PUSCH / PUCCH.

[0071] The WTRU may receive the first (target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameters as the second (reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such an association may exist between a physical channel, such as a PDCCH or PDSCH, and its respective DM-RS. When at least the first and second signals are reference signals, such an association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports. Such an association may be configured as a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state. The WTRU may be indicated the association between the CSI-RS or SS block and the DM-RS by an index into a set of TCI states configured by the RRC and / or signaled by the MAC CE. Such an indication may also be referred to as a "beam indication."

[0072] [TRP, MTRP, M-TRP] Hereinafter, the term TRP (e.g., Transmission and Reception Point) may be used interchangeably with one or more of the terms TP (Transmission Point), RP (Reception Point), RRH (Radio Remote Head), DA (Distributed Antenna), BS (Base Station), sector (of a BS), and cell (e.g., a geographic cell area served by a BS), while still being consistent with what is described in this document. Hereinafter, multi-TRP may be used interchangeably with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, while still being consistent with what is described in this document.

[0073] [Subband] Hereinafter, the terms “subband” and / or “sub-band” will be used to refer to a frequency domain resource, which may be characterized by at least one of the following: - A set of resource blocks (RBs) A set of resource block sets (RB sets), e.g., if the carrier has an intra-cell guard band, - a set of interlaced resource blocks, - a bandwidth portion or part thereof; -A carrier or part thereof. For example, a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and a number of RBs for a set of contiguous RBs within a bandwidth portion. A subband may also be defined by values ​​of a frequency domain resource allocation field and a bandwidth portion index.

[0074] [XDD] Hereinafter, the term "XDD" will be used to refer to per-subband duplexing (eg, either UL or DL ​​is used per subband), which may be characterized by at least one of the following: - Cross-division duplex (e.g., FDD by sub-band within the TDD band); - Subband-based full-duplex (e.g. full-duplex where both UL and DL are used / mixed on a symbol / slot, but either UL or DL ​​is used per subband on a symbol / slot); - frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) of DL / UL transmissions within the TDD spectrum; - sub-bands with non-overlapping full duplex (e.g. non-overlapping sub-bands full duplex); - Full duplex other than full duplex on the same frequency (e.g. spectrum sharing, overlapping by subband), For example, more advanced duplex methods other than (pure) TDD or FDD.

[0075] [Dynamic / Flexible TDD] The term "dynamic (or flexible) TDD" may be used to refer to a TDD system / cell that can dynamically (and / or flexibly) change, adjust, and / or switch communication direction (e.g., downlink, uplink, or sidelink, etc.) on a time instance (e.g., slot, symbol, subframe, etc.). In an example, in a system with dynamic / flexible TDD, a component carrier (CC) or a bandwidth part (BWP) may have a single type among "D", "U", and "F" on a symbol / slot based on an indication by a group-common (GC)-DCI (e.g., format 2_0) with a slot format indicator (SFI) and / or based on a tdd-UL-DL-config-common / dedicated configuration. On a given time instance / slot / symbol, a first gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) using dynamic / flexible TDD may transmit a downlink signal to a first WTRU communicating / associated with the first gNB based on a first SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the first gNB, and a second gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) using dynamic / flexible TDD may receive an uplink signal transmitted from a second WTRU communicating / associated with the second gNB based on a second SFI and / or tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the second gNB. In an example, the first WTRU may determine that reception of the downlink signal is interfered with by an uplink signal, where the interference caused by the uplink signal may refer to WTRU-to-WTRU cross-link interference (CLI).

[0076] [CSI Components] The WTRU may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where the CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of the panel used for reception at the WTRU (e.g., panel identity or group identity), measurements such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR obtained from the SSB or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR), and / or other channel state information such as at least a rank indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a Layer Index (LI), etc.

[0077] [Channel and / or interference measurements] [SSB] The WTRU may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (SSB, also called a synchronization signal block) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU may attempt to monitor, receive, or decode the SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell switching, etc.

[0078] [CSI-RS] The WTRU may measure and report channel state information (CSI), which may include or consist of one or more of the following: -CSI reporting configuration including one or more of the following: ○ CSI reporting, such as channel quality indicator (CQI), rank indicator (RI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), layer indicator (LI), etc. o CSI reporting type, e.g. aperiodic, semi-persistent, periodic, CSI reporting codebook configuration, e.g., Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc. o Frequency of CSI reporting. A CSI-RS resource set that includes one or more of the following CSI resource configurations: ○ NZP-CSI-RS resources for channel measurements, ○ NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurements, ○ CSI-IM resources for interference measurements, -NZP CSI-RS resources, including one or more of the following: ○ NZP CSI-RS resource ID, Periodicity and offset, ○QCL information and TCI status, o Resource mapping, e.g. number of ports, density, CDM type etc.

[0079] The WTRU may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU may monitor, receive, and / or measure one or more parameters based on each reference signal. For example, one or more of the following may apply: The following parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that may be included in a reference signal measurement. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included. -SS-RSRP. SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on a synchronization signal (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in PBCH or SSS). SS-RSRP may be defined as a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying the respective synchronization signals. When measuring RSRP, power scaling for the reference signal may be required. In the case where SS-RSRP is used for L1-RSRP, the measurement may be achieved based on the CSI reference signal in addition to the synchronization signal. - CSI-RSRP. CSI-RSRP may be measured based on a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying each CSI-RS. CSI-RSRP measurements may be configured within measurement resources for a configured CSI-RS occasion. -SS-SINR. SS signal-to-noise and interference ration (SS-SINR) may be measured based on a synchronization signal (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). SS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of resource elements (REs) carrying each synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. In the case where SS-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be achieved based on resources configured by higher layers. -CSI-SINR. CSI-SINR may be measured based on a linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (REs) carrying each CSI-RS, divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contributions. In the case where CSI-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be achieved based on resources configured by higher layers. In other cases, the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources carrying each CSI-RS. -RSSI. Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on an average of the total power contributions in the configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. The power contributions may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.). -CLI-RSSI. Cross-Link interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on an average of the total power contributions in the configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. The power contributions may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-link interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.). -SRS-RSRP. Sounding reference signals RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on a linear average over the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying the respective SRS.

[0080] [Grant or Allocation Properties] In the following, the properties of a grant or allocation may consist of at least one of the following: - frequency allocation, Aspects of time allocation, such as duration, -priority, - modulation and coding schemes, -transport block size, - number of spatial layers, - the number of transport blocks, -TCI status, CRI or SRI, - number of retransmissions, - whether the retransmission method is type A or type B, Whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, type 2, or dynamic grant; Whether the allocation is dynamic or semi-persistent scheduling (configuration) allocation; - a configured grant index or semi-persistent allocation index, - the periodicity of the grants or allocations made; -channel access priority class (CAPC), - Any parameter provided in the DCI by MAC or RRC for scheduling of grants or allocations.

[0081] In the following, the indication by the DCI may consist of at least one of the following: - Explicit indication by the DCI field or by the RNTI used to mask the CRC of the PDCCH. - Implicit indication by properties such as DCI format, DCI size, core set or search space, aggregation level, first resource element (e.g. index of first control channel element) of received DCI, where the mapping between properties and values ​​can be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0082] Hereinafter, RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port, and RS port group, while still being consistent with what is described in this document.

[0083] Hereinafter, RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, and DM-RS while still being consistent with what is described in this document.

[0084] In RAN#94-e, a RAN study item on New Radio (NR) duplex operation has been agreed. This technology can be a great basis for improving conventional TDD (Time Division Duplexing) operation by enhancing UL (Uplink) coverage, improving capacity, reducing latency, etc. Conventional TDD operation is based on splitting the time domain between uplink and downlink. In NR Rel.18, the feasibility of enabling full duplex, or more specifically cross-division duplex (XDD), which is sub-band non-overlapping full duplex at the gNB side in the conventional TDD band, is investigated, see for example FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, five transmission slots 201-205 in the time domain are shown on the x-axis, and for each of the transmission slots, a combination of DL (Downlink) and UL (Uplink) transmissions, or a single DL or UL transmission, is shown across the TDD carrier bandwidth shown on the y-axis.

[0085] The realization of XDD is conditional on solving a key challenge arising due to inter-link interference (CLI) (see FIG. 3). In FIG. 3, two gNBs (network nodes) 301 and 302 and two UEs (WTRUs) 303 and 304 are depicted. Signal interference may exist between the gNBs (marked as "gNB to gNB" (= "network node to network node"), 312), between the gNBs and the WTRUs (marked as "gNB to UE" (= "gNB to WTRU"), 311), and between the WTRUs (marked as "UE to UE" (= "WTRU to WTRU"), 310). Interference is depicted using light arrows, whereas signals are depicted using dark arrows. In the XDD framework, a potential aggressor cell may switch its transmission direction from UL to DL or vice versa, causing CLI to potential victim gNBs and WTRUs.

[0086] In UL vs. DL CLI, the CLI from an aggressor WTRU may be directional and cause strong interference in one or more beam directions, while other beams may not be affected as much. In NR Rel.17, beam selection indication is based on CRI associated with long-term CSI-RSRP and / or CSI-SINR measurements over a wide band, where the source of interference is not reported. However, the victim WTRU may perform subband-specific beam reporting to switch to a beam with lower interference and further mitigate CLI by using a companion PMI (precoding matrix indicator) decision based on the beam from the aggressor WTRU in a specific subband.

[0087] Furthermore, since CLI is induced at the WTRU level, it may depend on traffic scheduling and may change dynamically. This results in different WTRU behavior in the case of directional CLI in XDD. Therefore, further research into joint beam management, designing companion PMI to be orthogonal to signals from aggressor WTRUs, and dynamic CLI mitigation in XDD is needed.

[0088] It is then interesting how to determine the best WTRU panel / beam ID based on the CLI and / or SRS received from the aggressor WTRU, how to measure and report CSI including PMI to reduce the CLI caused by the aggressor WTRU, and how to take changes into account when the aggressor WTRU with the dominant interference changes.

[0089] Thus, among other things, methods are disclosed herein for joint beam management by victim and aggressor WTRUs.Also disclosed, among other things, is CSI feedback enhancement in interference measurements.Furthermore, disclosed, among other things, is a method for dynamic CLI mitigation.

[0090] overview The following paragraphs summarize several embodiments that are then described in more detail.

[0091] In a first embodiment, the per-subband beam reporting may be based on an association between the victim WTRU's CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator, where CSI-RS stands for channel state information reference signal) and the aggressor WTRU's SRI (SRS resource indicator, where SRS stands for sounding reference signal), see Figures 4, 5 and 6. At -500, a potential victim WTRU (or "victim WTRU" for short) may receive a measurement and reporting configuration (information regarding the measurement and reporting configuration) from a gNB (i.e., from the network or from a network node) (to report to the gNB) for one or more SRS signals (channel quality reference signals, e.g., SRI) received from a first aggressor WTRU (e.g., aggressor WTRU #1) in one or more SBs (subbands). At -501, the victim WTRU may have already performed beam sweeping with the gNB and, accordingly, determined and reported to the gNB one or more of the victim WTRU-panel / beam indices (e.g., CRI) "best" (e.g., causing the least (weakest) interference at the victim WTRU or being received with the highest received power).

[0092] [Joint beam sweep by potential victim and aggressor WTRUs] At -502, the victim WTRU may select a victim WTRU-panel / beam index (e.g., CRI) one by one (e.g., based on priority such as higher SS-RSRP (Synchronization Signal-Reference Signal Received Power) and / or CSI-RSRP) and measure the beam-swept SRS power / strength of the aggressor WTRU. In other words, the victim WTRU measures the SRS signal from the aggressor WTRU, which is swept for beam measurement and beam management. At -503, the victim WTRU may determine a channel quality for each received aggressor WTRU's SRS signal (eg, SRI) and victim WTRU-panel / beam index (eg, CRI). For example, the victim WTRU measures the SRS-RSRP for each received aggressor WTRU's SRS signal (eg, SRI) and each victim WTRU-panel / beam index (eg, CRI).

[0093] [SB-specific beam pairing in potential victim WTRUs based on signals from aggressor WTRUs] At -604, the victim WTRU may determine one or more pairs of measured SRS-RSRP (e.g., SRI) and WTRU panel / beam index (e.g., CRI) in one or more of the SBs. o For example, the victim WTRU may create a list to include the most and / or least interfering SRS signals by organizing the measured SRS-RSRPs in descending order. ■ The victim WTRU may determine the SRS signal (e.g., SRI#1) of the first aggressor WTRU that imposes the highest interference to the first victim WTRU-panel / beam index (e.g., CRI#1) and may include it in the list. ■Alternatively, for each SRS signal (e.g., SRI#1), the victim WTRU may determine the second victim WTRU-panel / beam index (e.g., CRI#3) for which the measured SRS-RSRP is the lowest (has the lowest value). At -604, the victim WTRU may report to the gNB the SB-specific CRI and associated SRI pair for the strongest and / or weakest interference. o Flags can be used to indicate strongest or weakest interferer. In -605, the gNB may use SB-specific reporting along with WB (wideband) beam reporting. o Therefore, beam selection is based on WB beam reporting, where SB specific beam pair reporting may be used based on SB with / without CLI. o SB-specific beam pair reporting may be used to influence / prevent aggressor WTRUs from transmitting in directions (eg, SRI) that cause strong interference to victim WTRUs. ■ The aggressor WTRU may receive a per-SB indicator in response. At -606, in case of a CLI, the victim WTRU may receive information of the aggressor WTRU (eg, the aggressor's WTRU-ID, TCI state (transmission configuration indicator), or SRI). o At 607, the victim WTRU may then select the best beam (which causes the least (weakest) interference to the victim WTRU) based on the CRI-SRI pair determined by the victim WTRU.

[0094] Alternatively, at 607, the victim WTRU may use the determined CRI-SRI pair for potential CLI measurements instead of measurements in all directions.

[0095] FIG. 14 depicts an alternative presentation of FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 in one view.

[0096] A second embodiment (see FIGS. 7 and 9) relates to a method for coordinated per-SB beam avoidance via joint PMI measurements by aggressor and victim WTRUs. At -900, a potential victim WTRU ("victim WTRU") may receive a measurement and reporting configuration for one or more SRS signals from a first aggressor WTRU (eg, aggressor WTRU#1). At 901, the victim WTRU determines a first CSI amount (e.g., a channel matrix A of the aggressor WTRU) H based on one or more received SRSs from the aggressor WTRU. CLI . In theory, zero CLI forces the precoder for the serving cell to be in the null space. CLI (See Figure 7). o At 902, the victim WTRU determines a null space associated with one or more SRSs from the aggressor WTRU. ■R the following CLI =rank(H CLI ) Its rank is H CLI Will consider. ■Define singular value decomposition (SVD). H CLI =UΣ[V (1) V (0) ] H ■ Here, V (1) The first R CLI Keep the right singular vectors. ■And V (0) is the last (n T -R CLI ) right singular vectors are kept, where n T is the number of CSI-RS ports (antennas) in the serving cell. ■V (0) is H CLI , whose columns are candidate precoding matrices for the serving cell. At -903, the victim WTRU receives one or more non-zero power (NZP) Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS) (e.g., Channel Measurement Resources (CMR)) from the serving cell. The victim WTRU determines a second amount of CSI and a first precoding matrix indicator (PMI) based on: ■ Determine the PMI to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the channel matrix of the serving cell. ■ Determine the PMI to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the null space of the aggressor WTRU's channel matrix. In other words, at -903, the potential victim WTRU selects a PMI linked to the serving cell to match the TCI state / beam direction received from the serving cell and to be orthogonal to the beam from the aggressor WTRU.

[0097] A third embodiment (see Fig. 8 and Fig. 10) relates to a proposed method for dynamic CLI mitigation in the case of multiple aggressor WTRUs. At -1000, a potential victim WTRU ("Victim WTRU", e.g., 804) may receive measurement and reporting configurations for one or more aggressor WTRUs (e.g., aggressor WTRUs #1 (801), #2 (802), and #3 (803)) of FIG. 8. 800 is a gNB or network node). o The configuration may include WTRU-ID, SRS resource indicator (SRI), SRS measurement resources in time and frequency, SRS measurement periodicity, SRS-RSRP reporting configuration, etc. At -1001, for all configured aggressor WTRUs, the victim WTRU may receive, measure, and report the beam-swept SRS signals of the aggressor WTRUs. At -1002, if a CLI occurs, the victim WTRU may receive information (eg, MAC-CE from the serving cell) on the aggressor WTRU with the highest priority (eg, aggressor WTRU#1). o For example, the victim WTRU receives the aggressor WTRU-ID and the TCI state / beam direction of the aggressor WTRU, where the aggressor WTRU is scheduled in the same SB as the victim WTRU and causes the strongest interference. At -1003, the victim WTRU may receive DL from the serving cell based on the aggressor WTRU and using information it previously measured (eg, SRS-RSRP). For example, the victim WTRU selects the best beam direction and / or companion PMI associated with each aggressor WTRU. At -1004, if the aggressor WTRU changes (e.g., aggressor WTRU#2 is prioritized because no traffic is scheduled for aggressor WTRU#1), the victim WTRU accordingly selects the best beam direction and / or companion PMI associated with the respective aggressor WTRU.

[0098] A fourth embodiment (see FIG. 11) relates to an interference measurement resource (IMR) based on SRI when estimating CSI-SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio). At -1100, a potential victim WTRU ("victim WTRU") may receive a beam selection and reporting configuration based on the CSI-SINR measurement. One or more NZP-CSI-RS for IMR may be received. One or more ZP-CSI-RS for IMR may be received. o One or more SRS resource indicators (SRIs) may be received for the IMR. At -1101, the victim WTRU may measure the received power as interference power based on the configured resources. At -1102, the victim WTRU may add interference power in the denominator of the equation used to estimate the SINR.

[0099] Joint Beam Management The WTRU may determine and / or select one or more of the best WTRU-panel / beam indices (for DL / UL communication) with the gNB (e.g., based on the measured RSRP). In an example, the WTRU may report one or more CSI-RS Resource Indicators (CRIs), e.g., along with corresponding beam / channel quality metrics, to indicate the selected best / preferred WTRU-panel / beam index (e.g., UE-gNB-CRI list). The best beam selection may change in the presence of interference (e.g., CLI) in one or more of the allowed (e.g., assigned, configured, indicated) resources and / or subbands. In this section, embodiments are provided for selecting the best / preferred beam despite interference based on interference received from aggressors / other WTRUs in the respective subbands. Thus, the beam selection is based on supporting subband-based beam pairing between the WTRU, the gNB, and one or more of the aggressors / other WTRUs. Thus, the WTRU may select one or more of the best / preferred / corresponding spatial filters in each subband despite interference (see FIGS. 4, 5, and 6).

[0100] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU or "victim WTRU") may use, receive, or be configured with a measurement and reporting configuration for one or more (SRS) signals (e.g., an SRS resource indicator (SRI)) from a first aggressor WTRU (e.g., aggressor WTRU#1, or meaning that the victim WTRU may receive one or more signals as a signature of a potential interfering signal, etc., without a specific aggressor WTRU-ID being indicated to the WTRU) in one or more of the granted resources and / or subbands. In an example, the victim WTRU may receive or be configured with an SRS resource set including at least one of a reference signal, an SRS resource index (e.g., an SRI), a time and frequency resource (e.g., a subband), a repetition, etc. In the following, one or more signals may be used interchangeably with one or more SRS signals, one or more SRS, one or more SRS resources, SRS reference signals, and SRS signals, while still not contradicting what is described in this document.

[0101] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more SRS signals that may be transmitted (e.g., swept) through different TCI states, spatial filters, and / or directions within a configured time and sub-band. In an example, an SRS signal (or UL RS or PUSCH or PUCCH, etc.) may be transmitted from a configured potential aggressor WTRU (e.g., aggressor WTRU#1), where the aggressor WTRU may be triggered to transmit an SRS signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS signal) via a different spatial filter / TCI state in each sub-band.

[0102] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may receive and measure the beam-swept SRS signal of the aggressor WTRU (e.g., based on configured SRI and TCI states). In an embodiment, the WTRU may use and / or adjust its spatial receive filter to match the spatial filter / TCI state (e.g., UE-gNB-CRI list) that the WTRU uses to receive signals and / or channels from the gNB.

[0103] In an example, for example, the WTRU may thus measure the SRS-RSRP for each received SRS signal and for each beam direction selected, reported, and / or identified by the UE-gNB-CRI. In an example, the WTRU may determine the SRS-RSRP in each subband for each SRS signal (e.g., identified by the SRIS) and for each received beam (e.g., identified by a CRI in the UE-gNB-CRI list). For example, the WTRU may determine the SRS-RSRP for each SRI and CRI pairing.

[0104] In an embodiment, the WTRU may determine a subband-wise pairing of SRIs and CRIs of aggressor WTRUs that cause the highest / strongest interference (or interference higher than some threshold) from the UE-gNB-CRI list. In an example, the WTRU may determine the strongest interference (or interference higher than some threshold) for each SRI based on the measured SRS-RSRP using a spatial filter corresponding to each CRI from the UE-gNB-CRI list in each subband.

[0105] Alternatively, the WTRU may determine a subband-wise pairing of SRIs and CRIs of aggressor WTRUs that results in the lowest / weakest interference (or interference below some second threshold) from the UE-gNB-CRI list. In an example, the WTRU may determine the weakest interference (or interference below some second threshold) for each SRI based on the measured SRS-RSRP using a spatial filter corresponding to each CRI from the UE-gNB-CRI list in each subband.

[0106] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may report, for each SRS beam, the determined per-subband SRI-CRI pairing with the strongest and / or weakest interference (and / or interference higher / lower than some threshold). In other words, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may report a best / preferred per-subband beam selection based on reporting the respective CRI in addition to reporting the paired SRI, thereby imposing the strongest and / or weakest interference (and / or interference higher / lower than some threshold) on the WTRU.

[0107] [Methods for interference mitigation] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may receive a trigger and / or an indication from a gNB that potential interference (e.g., CLI) may be imposed on the WTRU. In an example, the WTRU may receive an indication on the time and frequency (e.g., subbands) that may be affected by the interference, e.g., the WTRU may receive a signature (e.g., RS / sequence configuration parameters, etc.) of one or more potential interfering signals without being indicated with a specific aggressor WTRU-ID. In another example, the WTRU may receive identification information (e.g., aggressor WTRU-ID) of one or more potential aggressor WTRUs and TCI state or beam direction information of the potential interfering signals (e.g., based on the SRI of the aggressor WTRUs).

[0108] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to determine, identify, or use a receive spatial filter (in the respective subband) that corresponds to a TCI state associated with the TCI state of the indicated interfering signal (e.g., based on the SRI of the aggressor WTRU). In an example, upon receiving an indication regarding interference, the WTRU may determine the aggressor WTRUs and their respective transmit TCI state or beam direction information (e.g., based on the aggressor WTRU-ID and SRI). The WTRU may determine and / or report a best beam selection based on the SRI-CRI pairing that corresponds to the receive beam with the lowest / weakest interference (and / or interference higher / lower than a certain threshold) from the SRI of the indicated aggressor WTRU within the configured subband.

[0109] [Beam selection instruction for aggressor WTRU from gNB] In an embodiment, a second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU) may receive signaling and / or instructions to disable and / or deactivate one or more of the TCI states (e.g., a UL TCI state, a joint DL / UL TCI state used for both DL and UL, SRI, beam index, etc.) in one or more of the subbands. For example, the second WTRU may receive an indication on the time and frequency (e.g., subbands) at which the second WTRU may cause interference (e.g., on one or more potential victim WTRUs). In another example, the second WTRU may receive one or more TCI states corresponding to the TCI states of a potential interfering signal (e.g., based on the WTRU's SRI).

[0110] The second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU) may be configured to determine, identify, or deactivate (transmit) spatial filters (in the respective subbands) that correspond to the TCI state (e.g., UL TCI state, joint DL / UL TCI state used for both DL and UL, SRI, beam index, etc.) associated with the TCI state of the indicated interfering signal (e.g., based on the WTRU's SRI). In an example, upon receiving an indication regarding interference, the second WTRU may determine the transmit TCI state (or spatial filter, beam / channel coefficients, etc. to apply to the transmit signal) based on, for example, the WTRU's SRI. The indication regarding the deactivated TCI state may be based on a determined SRI-CRI pairing (e.g., reported by the potential victim WTRU and / or delivered to the second WTRU), where the determined SRI-CRI pairing may correspond, for example, to a receive beam at the potential victim WTRU that has the highest / strongest interference (and / or interference higher / lower than a certain threshold) from the SRI of the indicated aggressor WTRU within the configured subband.

[0111] Collaborative Beam Management: A Beam Selection Method The WTRU may be configured to report CSI for at least one CSI reporting configuration, where the at least one CSI reporting configuration may include at least one channel measurement resource and at least one interference measurement resource (IMR). As described in the following section "Enhanced CSI Feedback for Interference Measurement," in a system operating using XDD, the at least one interference measurement resource may correspond to an aggressor WTRU, and the at least one channel measurement resource may correspond to a potential candidate beam. The WTRU may be configured to report CRI and other CSI as part of such a CSI reporting configuration to inform the WTRU on the best candidate beam in the presence of interference. The WTRU may also determine its best spatial filter and receive panel for the corresponding CSI reporting configuration.

[0112] [Interference setting instructions for setting spatial filters and panels for reception] In some embodiments, for reception of at least the PDCCH, PDSCH, and associated DM-RS, the WTRU may determine at least one of its spatial filters and receive panels in addition to the TCI state or as a function of an interference configuration included in the TCI state. The interference configuration may correspond to a set of at least one interference measurement resource (IMR) identified by at least one of a non-zero power CSI-RS, a zero power CSI-RS, or an SRS resource. The WTRU may receive at least one instance of the interference configuration by MAC CE and / or RRC signaling.

[0113] For example, in an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with at least one interference configuration indication (ICI), where each ICI may include an ICI identifier and a set of IMR. The WTRU may determine ICI and TCI conditions applicable to PDCCH or PDSCH reception and may determine a spatial filter and / or receive panel based on the applicable ICI and TCI conditions.

[0114] For example, in an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration for at least one extended TCI state, where the extended TCI state may include at least one configuration of IMR or at least one indication of ICI. The WTRU may determine an extended TCI state applicable for PDCCH or PDSCH reception and may determine a spatial filter and / or a receive panel based on the applicable extended TCI state.

[0115] In some embodiments, the WTRU may also determine spatial filters and transmit panels as a function of the interference configuration for transmission of the PUCCH, PUSCH, and associated DM-RS.

[0116] [Interference configuration indication judgment] The WTRU may determine the ICI applicable for reception based on at least one of the following embodiments.

[0117] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of an ICI associated with or included in an enhanced TCI state. The WTRU may determine an enhanced TCI state applicable for reception, e.g., based on an existing solution for TCI states or unified TCI states, and determine the applicable ICI as the ICI associated with this TCI state.

[0118] In an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with an applicable ICI for reception or transmission by RRC signaling and / or a MAC CE. For example, the WTRU may receive an information element regarding an applicable ICI for a core set for a PDCCH, or the WTRU may receive a MAC CE indicating an applicable ICI for a core set.

[0119] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication of the applicable ICI by an explicit or implicit indication from the DCI. For example, each value of a new or existing DCI field may be mapped to an ICI identifier. This mapping may be configured by the RRC and / or signaled in the MAC CE. For example, the DCI field may consist of a TCI status indication field. The ICI indicated by the DCI may be applicable to the indicated reception (e.g., PDSCH) or transmission (e.g., PUSCH) or to subsequent reception and transmission for the corresponding unified TCI instance.

[0120] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of an ICI applicable to a certain time and frequency resource. For example, the WTRU may indicate at least one of a set of symbols or slots, and a frequency range, and the corresponding ICI. The at least one set of symbols or slots may be indicated by a bitmap, or by periodicity and offset parameters. The frequency range may be indicated by a starting resource block and a number of resource blocks, by a bitmap, by a frequency domain resource allocation field and / or a bandwidth portion indicator field. Such an indication may be signaled by RRC, MAC CE, or DCI. The WTRU may determine that an ICI is applicable to a reception (or transmission) if the reception (or transmission) fully or partially overlaps with the time and frequency resource corresponding to the ICI.

[0121] Enhanced CSI feedback for interferometric measurements Hereinafter, SRS resource set may be used interchangeably with SRS resources, while still being consistent with what is described in this document. Hereinafter, CSI-RS resource set may be used interchangeably with CSI-RS resources, while still being consistent with what is described in this document.

[0122] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured with a measurement and reporting configuration on an SRS reference signal. In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more SRS resources (e.g., transmitted from a potential aggressor WTRU) for an interference measurement resource (IMR), e.g., as part of a CSI feedback / reporting configuration or procedure. The WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or use received power associated with the SRS reference signal to determine an interference signal measurement (e.g., based on the SRS-RSRP).

[0123] Alternatively, the WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or use received power associated with the SRS reference signal to determine interference power to be added to other sources of interference power (e.g., NZP-CSIRS (or NZP-CSI-RS based IMR) to IMR, ZP-CSI-RS (or ZP-CSI-RS based IMR) to IMR). In an example, the WTRU may use the measured power based on the SRS reference signal to be added together with (e.g., in addition to) other interference powers (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS based IMR, and / or ZP-CSI-RS based IMR) in the denominator of the equation used to determine the SINR (e.g., as part of the interference). This may provide benefits in terms of DL (and / or UL) performance improvement in that the interference power in the formula used to determine the SINR may be determined as intra-subband CLI or inter-subband CLI based not only on downlink intra-cell / inter-cell (or intra-TRP / inter-TRP) interference, but also on uplink (or sidelink) interference (e.g., from an aggressor WTRU), which may be measured at the WTRU (e.g., a victim WTRU) based on receiving a UL signal / signature configuration being distributed from a serving gNB / TRP (of the WTRU) via, for example, a backhaul signal exchange between the serving gNB / TRP and a neighboring gNB / TRP (of the aggressor WTRU).

[0124] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more (WTRU-specific) SRS reference signals from one or more WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) or without a specific aggressor WTRU-ID to measure and report respective channel and / or interference measurements in one or more subbands. Alternatively, the WTRU may be configured to receive at least one SRS reference signal that may be transmitted jointly and / or simultaneously by one or more of the WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) in one or more subbands. For example, the WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or determine the received power based on a configured reference signal, which may be an aggregate of the power received from all (or groups of) configured WTRUs in the respective subband.

[0125] Enhanced CSI Feedback for Interference Measurement: Coordinated Per-SB Beam Avoidance by Joint PMI Measurement of Aggressor and Victim WTRUs In an embodiment, a first WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU 703) may be configured to receive one or more reference signals (e.g., SRS) for measurement and reporting from a second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU 702) (see FIG. 7). A gNB (network node) is referenced by the numeral 701. For example, the reference signal configuration may include a reference signal index, a time / frequency resource (e.g., subband), a TCI state, etc. The WTRUs may receive each reference signal according to their time / frequency configuration. The WTRUs may measure, estimate, and / or determine an amount of the first reference signal for channel and / or interference measurements (e.g., an interference channel matrix of the aggressor WTRU).

[0126] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more CSI reference signals (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS) for channel measurement and reporting from a gNB. For example, the CSI-RS configuration may include NZP-CSI-RS resources / indexes, time and frequency resources (e.g., subbands), TCI states, etc. The WTRU may receive each CSI-RS resource / signal according to their time / frequency configuration. The WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or determine a second CSI quantity (e.g., gNB channel matrix) for channel measurement.

[0127] In an embodiment, the first WTRU may emulate interference from the second WTRU (e.g., CLI from the aggressor WTRU) based on measurements and / or determined channel matrices (e.g., interference channel matrices of the aggressor WTRU) from reference signals received from the second WTRU (e.g., SRS signals received from the aggressor WTRU). The WTRU may determine the reference signals received from the second WTRU (e.g., potential aggressor WTRU) as a basis for calculating CSI and / or Precoding Matrix Index (PMI) for connection (e.g., for communication) with the gNB. Thus, the WTRU may select a PMI that is linked to the gNB associated with the TCI state / beam direction received from the gNB and that is orthogonal (e.g., close to null space to minimize interference from that beam) to the beam received from the second WTRU (e.g., potential aggressor WTRU). A null-space based formulation (as an example) of a precoding matrix selected based on a reference signal received from the second WTRU for interference measurement is provided as follows:

[0128] In another embodiment, a WTRU may be configured to receive one or more CSI reference signals from one or more WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) or without a specific aggressor WTRU-ID to measure and report respective channel and / or interference measurements in one or more subbands. Alternatively, a WTRU may be configured to receive at least one CSI reference signal that may be transmitted jointly and / or simultaneously by one or more of the WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) in one or more subbands. For example, the WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or determine the received power based on a configured reference signal that may be an aggregate of powers received from all (or groups of) configured WTRUs in the respective subband.

[0129] [Example formulation] In an embodiment, the WTRU may use a procedure (e.g., CLI) to measure the PMI in the presence of interference. The procedure may include one or more of the following: - Taking into account the TCI state associated with the gNB of the serving cell, H CLI Determine as the interference channel matrix of the aggressor WTRU. -That R CLI =Rank(H CLI ) to H CLI The rank is determined as follows. -Define singular value decomposition (SVD). H CLI =UΣ[V (1) V (0) ] H - where V (1) The first R CLI Keep the right singular vectors. - and V (0) is the last (n T -R CLI ) right singular vectors are kept, where n T is the number of CSI-RS ports (antennas) in the serving cell. -V (0) is H CLI, whose columns are candidate precoding matrices for the serving cell. Finally, the WTRU may select and report the PMI based on one or more of the following: o Determine the PMI to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the channel matrix of the serving cell. o Determine the PMI to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the null space of the aggressor WTRU's channel matrix.

[0130] Dynamic CLI Mitigation in Case of Multiple Aggressor WTRUs In an embodiment, a WTRU (eg, a potential victim WTRU) may receive one or more configuration parameters for measurement and reporting, where the one or more configuration parameters may include at least one of the following: -One or more DL RS resources, e.g., for channel (and / or beam) measurements For example, one or more IMRs for the first part of the interferometric measurement - one or more second (RS) resources, e.g. for a second part of the interference measurement

[0131] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication / configuration that one or more configuration parameters may be used for CSI feedback / reporting, where CSI (e.g., at least one of CRI, SSB index, RI, PMI, layer indicator (LI), CQI, etc.) for CSI feedback / reporting may be transmitted / reported from the WTRU.

[0132] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication / configuration that one or more configuration parameters may be used for beam reporting, where at least one of CRI, SSB index, (L1-)RSRP, (L1-)SINR, etc. for beam reporting may be transmitted / reported from the WTRU.

[0133] The WTRU may determine that one or more second (RS) resources (e.g., one or more SRS signals, one or more SRS resources, one or more RSs transmitted from other WTRUs, etc.) may be transmitted from one or more other WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs, e.g., aggressor WTRUs #1, #2, and #3, etc.). In an example, the one or more second (RS) resources may include one or more paired information content, where each pair of the one or more paired information content may include (or indicate) a WTRU-ID (or pair index or pairing index, etc.) and a set of (RS) resource configurations associated with the WTRU-ID. The set of resource configurations may comprise / include SRS resource indicator(s), SRS measurement resource(s) in time and frequency, SRS measurement periodicity(s), SRS-RSRP reporting configuration(s), etc.

[0134] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive the following paired information content of one or more second (RS) resources: -First pair: {first index or WTRU-ID (aggressor WTRU#1) and first set of (RS) resource configurations} -Second pair: {second index or WTRU-ID (aggressor WTRU#2) and second set of (RS) resource configurations} -3rd pair: {3rd index or WTRU-ID (aggressor WTRU#3) and 3rd set of (RS) resource configurations} -others

[0135] In an example, the WTRU may receive / measure one or more second (RS) resources, which may include / indicate one or more beam-swept SRS transmissions (from at least one of the aggressor WTRUs #1, #2, #3, etc.), for example. In response to receiving / measuring the one or more second (RS) resources (e.g., as beam-swept SRS transmissions from multiple aggressor WTRUs), the WTRU may report / transmit measurement results of the one or more second (RS) resources, where the measurement results may include: -One or more selected / preferred (or non-preferred) WTRU-IDs (for one or more paired information contents), each having a quality-related metric value (e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, etc.) determined based on an RS resource (e.g., SRI) and one or more subbands (e.g., where selected / preferred subbands of one or more subbands may also be reported).

[0136] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication of one or more pairing indices, e.g., a first index (of one or more paired information contents) of one or more second (RS) resources (as an aggressor WTRU#1) from the gNB / TRP (e.g., via a MAC-CE and / or DCI). In response to receiving the indication of the first index (as an aggressor WTRU#1), the WTRU may report / transmit a first measurement result including one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, etc.), each associated with the first index and having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) being transmitted (from the aggressor WTRU#1) determined based on one or more subbands.

[0137] In an example, the WTRU may receive from the gNB / TRP (e.g., via the MAC-CE and / or DCI) an indication of one or more pairing indices, e.g., a first index (as aggressor WTRU#1) and a second index (as aggressor WTRU#2) (of one or more paired information contents) of one or more second (RS) resources. In response to receiving the indication of the first index (as aggressor WTRU#1) and the second index (as aggressor WTRU#2), the WTRU may report / send second measurement results including: - a first one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, etc.), each having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) associated with a first index and transmitted (from the aggressor WTRU#1), determined based on the one or more subbands; and - A second one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, etc.), each having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) associated with a second index and transmitted (from aggressor WTRU#2) and determined based on one or more subbands.

[0138] In an example, the WTRU may receive an indication of one or more pairing indices from the gNB / TRP (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI), e.g., a second index (as aggressor WTRU#2) and a third index (as aggressor WTRU#3) (of one or more paired information contents) of one or more second (RS) resources. The indication to change the one or more pairing indices may be due to the aggressor WTRU#1 possibly having no buffered traffic and the aggressor WTRU#3 possibly having (new) buffered traffic. In response to receiving the indication of the second index (as aggressor WTRU#2) and the third index (as aggressor WTRU#3), the WTRU may report / send a third measurement result including: - second one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, etc.), each having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) transmitted (from the aggressor WTRU#2) associated with a second index and determined based on the one or more subbands; and - A third one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, etc.), each having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) associated with a third index and transmitted (from aggressor WTRU#3) and determined based on one or more subbands.

[0139] The WTRU may determine that an indication (e.g., via a MAC-CE and / or DCI) of one or more pairing indexes (e.g., determined / selected when a CLI occurs) may be a priority indication that the indicated one or more pairing indexes should be applied to determine corresponding measurement results (e.g., first, second, or third measurement results) to be reported by the WTRU. In an example, the WTRU may determine a TCI state / beam direction of an aggressor WTRU based on the indicated one or more pairings, where the aggressor WTRU may be scheduled in the same SB as a WTRU (e.g., a victim WTRU) and causes the strongest interference to the WTRU. The WTRU may apply the measurement results (e.g., at least one of the first, second, and third measurement results) to determine a (preferred) CSI to be reported (e.g., based on the CSI feedback / report) or a (preferred) beam (having a quality metric) to be reported (based on the beam report), where the determining may be based on the measurement results (e.g., a CLI for the second part of the interference measurements) in addition to at least one of, e.g., one or more DL RS resources for channel (and / or beam) measurements and, e.g., one or more IMRs for the first part of the interference measurements.

[0140] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the method implemented by a first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), where wireless communication between the first WTRU and a gNB is subject to radio signal interference caused by a second WTRU. See also FIG. 4, where a gNB (network node) is represented by "gNB" (401), a first WTRU is represented by "potential victim WTRU" (403), and a second WTRU is represented by "aggressor WTRU#1" (402). In 1201, the first WTRU receives information from the gNB regarding a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration for at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU. In 1202, the first WTRU determines a channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU according to the received measurement configuration. At 1203, the first WTRU reports channel state information based on the determined channel quality to the gNB in ​​accordance with the received reporting configuration. This report may then be used, for example, by the gNB to instruct the second WTRU to avoid transmitting in a direction that causes strong interference on the first WTRU.

[0141] According to a further embodiment, the method includes, in determining channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, determining a pair of WTRU panel / beam index and channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU that causes the highest interference to wireless communication between the first WTRU and the gNB, and reporting channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0142] According to a further embodiment, the method includes, in determining the channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, determining a pair of WTRU panel / beam index and channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU having the lowest sounding reference signal-reference signal received power, and reporting channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0143] According to a further embodiment, the at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU is in accordance with a sounding reference signal-resource indicator.

[0144] According to a further embodiment, the WTRU panel / beam index is according to the channel state information-resource signal resource indicator.

[0145] According to a further embodiment, the measurement configuration is Sounding Reference Signal minus Reference Signal Received Power.

[0146] According to a further embodiment, the channel state information corresponds to at least one of the following: - channel state information - reference signal resource indicator; - Sync signal block resource indicator, - an indication of an antenna panel used for reception at a first WTRU; - Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power obtained from a synchronization signal block or channel state information-resource signal resource indicator measurement, - Layer 1 (L1) signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio obtained from a synchronization signal block or channel state information-resource signal resource indicator measurement, -Rank indicator, -Channel quality indicator, -precoding matrix indicator, -Layer index.

[0147] Further disclosed is a first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that is subject to wireless signal interference caused by a second WTRU in wireless communication between the first WTRU and a gNB, wherein the first WTRU comprises at least one processor configured to receive information regarding a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration for at least one channel quality reference signal from the gNB, determine a channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each of the at least one channel quality reference signals received from the second WTRU in accordance with the received measurement configuration, and report channel state information to the gNB based on the determined channel quality in accordance with the received reporting configuration.

[0148] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, the at least one processor is further configured, in determining the channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, to determine a pair of WTRU panel / beam index and channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU that causes the highest interference to wireless communication between the first WTRU and the gNB, and to report channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0149] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, the at least one processor is configured to, in determining the channel quality for each WTRU panel / beam index and for each at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, determine a pair of WTRU panel / beam index and channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU that has the lowest sounding reference signal-reference signal received power, and report channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0150] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, the at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU is according to a sounding reference signal-resource indicator.

[0151] According to a first WTRU embodiment, the WTRU panel / beam index follows the channel state information-resource signal resource indicator.

[0152] According to a first WTRU embodiment, the measurement configuration is sounding reference signal minus reference signal received power.

[0153] According to a first WTRU embodiment, the channel state information corresponds to at least one of the following: - channel state information - reference signal resource indicator; - Sync signal block resource indicator, - an indication of an antenna panel used for reception at a first WTRU; - Layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power obtained from a synchronization signal block or channel state information-resource signal resource indicator measurement, - Layer 1 (L1) signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio obtained from a synchronization signal block or channel state information-resource signal resource indicator measurement, -Rank indicator, -Channel quality indicator, -precoding matrix indicator, -Layer index.

[0154] FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment.

[0155] The method is implemented by a first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). Wireless communication between the first WTRU and a network node is subject to cross-link interference (CLI). The method includes, at 1301, receiving information from the network node indicating a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration for a plurality of sounding reference signals (SRS) received by the first WTRU.

[0156] The method includes, at 1302, measuring a CLI for each WTRU beam index for at least a subset of a plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU in accordance with the received measurement configuration.

[0157] The method includes determining a pair of indexes based on the measurements, at 1303. The pair of WTRU indexes includes a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index of at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU.

[0158] The method includes, at 1304, reporting to a network node, the determined pair of indices, the determined pair of indices corresponding to at least one of the strongest or weakest measured CLI.

[0159] According to an embodiment of the method, the CLI is associated with a second WTRU, and at least a subset of the plurality of SRS is received from the second WTRU.

[0160] According to an embodiment of the method, the WTRU beam index identifies a combination of an antenna panel associated with the first WTRU and a beam index of a beam associated with the antenna panel.

[0161] According to an embodiment of the method, the WTRU beam index is associated with a WTRU antenna panel as indicated in the received measurement configuration.

[0162] According to an embodiment of the method, the SRS resource index follows a sounding reference signal-resource indicator (SRI).

[0163] According to an embodiment of the method, the determined pair of indices is indicated by a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator.

[0164] According to an embodiment of the method, the measuring includes measuring a Sounding Reference Signal-Reference Signal Received Power (SRS-RSRP).

[0165] The present disclosure also relates to a first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising at least one processor configured to receive, from a network node, information indicative of a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration for a plurality of sounding reference signals (SRS) received by the first WTRU.

[0166] The at least one processor is configured to measure a CLI for each WTRU beam index for at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU in accordance with the received measurement configuration.

[0167] The at least one processor is configured to determine, based on the measurements, a pair of indexes including a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index for at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU.

[0168] The at least one processor is configured to report to the network node, the reporting including the determined pair of indices, the determined pair of indices corresponding to at least one of the strongest or weakest measured CLI.

[0169] According to an embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to associate the CLI with a second WTRU and to receive at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs from the second WTRU.

[0170] According to an embodiment, the at least one processor is configured to identify a WTRU beam index by a combination of an antenna panel associated with the first WTRU and a beam index of a beam related to the antenna panel.

[0171] According to an embodiment, the WTRU beam index is associated with a WTRU antenna panel as indicated in the received measurement configuration.

[0172] According to an embodiment, the SRS resource index follows a sounding reference signal-resource indicator (SRI).

[0173] According to an embodiment, the determined pair of indices is indicated by a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator.

[0174] According to an embodiment, the measuring includes measuring a Sounding Reference Signal-Reference Signal Received Power (SRS-RSRP).

[0175] conclusion Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited in terms of the specific embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. No element, operation, or instruction used in the specification of this application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless expressly set forth as such. In addition to those enumerated herein, functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to any particular method or system.

[0176] The foregoing embodiments have been discussed with respect to the terminology and structure of infrared-enabled devices (i.e., infrared emitters and receivers) for simplicity, however, the discussed embodiments are not limited to these systems and may also be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves, or non-electromagnetic waves such as acoustic waves.

[0177] It should also be understood that the terms used herein are for purposes of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or "image" may mean either a snapshot, a single image, and / or multiple images displayed over time. As another example, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote", and / or the term "head mounted display" and its abbreviation "HMD" as referred to herein may mean or include (i) a wireless transmitting and / or receiving unit (WTRU), (ii) any of several embodiments of a WTRU, (iii) a wireless enabled and / or wired enabled (e.g., tetherable) device specifically configured to have some or all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU, (iii) a wireless enabled and / or wired enabled device configured to have less than all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU, or (iv) the like. Details of an exemplary WTRU that may represent any WTRU listed herein are provided herein with respect to FIGS. 1A-1D. As another example, various embodiments disclosed herein above and below are described as utilizing a head-mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than a head-mounted display may be utilized and that the present disclosure and any or all of the various disclosed embodiments may be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adaptive reality experience.

[0178] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware embodied in a computer readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer readable storage media. Examples of computer readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0179] Modifications of the methods, apparatus, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the wide variety of embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the following claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include a portable device, which may include or be utilized with any suitable voltage source, such as a battery providing any suitable voltage.

[0180] Further, in the above embodiments, it should be noted that processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices include processors. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("Central Processing Unit" (CPU)) and memory. In accordance with the practices of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to operations and symbolic representations of operations or instructions may be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such operations and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed," "executed by a computer," or "executed by a CPU."

[0181] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the operations and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits that may cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signals, and maintains the data bits in memory locations of the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise altering the operation of the CPU and the processing of other signals. The memory locations where the data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the platforms or CPUs mentioned above, and that other platforms and CPUs may support the methods provided.

[0182] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read only memory (ROM)) mass storage system readable by a CPU. The computer readable medium may include computer readable media that resides exclusively on a processing system, or that is distributed, cooperative, or interconnected among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to a processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the memories mentioned above and that other platforms and memories may support the methods provided.

[0183] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0184] There is little distinction between hardware and software implementations of aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is generally a design choice that represents a cost vs. efficiency tradeoff (although in some circumstances the choice between hardware and software may be important). There may be a variety of vehicles (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) in which the processes and / or systems and / or other techniques described herein may be effective, and the preferred vehicle may vary depending on the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other techniques are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may select a primarily hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is paramount, the implementer may select a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may select some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0185] The foregoing detailed description has described various embodiments of devices and / or processes through the use of block diagrams, flow charts, and / or examples. To the extent that such block diagrams, flow charts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flow charts, or examples may be individually and / or collectively implemented by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or substantially any combination thereof. In embodiments, some portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated forms. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that certain aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein may be equivalently implemented, in whole or in part, in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as substantially any combination thereof, and that designing circuitry and / or writing software and / or firmware code is within the skill of those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that the subject mechanisms described herein may be distributed as program products in a variety of forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the particular type of signal-bearing medium used to actually effect the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, recordable type media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tape, computer memory, and transmission type media such as digital and / or analog communications media (e.g., fiber optic cables, wave guides, wired communications links, wireless communications links, etc.).

[0186] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner described herein and then use engineering techniques to integrate such described devices and / or processes into a data processing system. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein may be integrated into a data processing system through a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system may generally include one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, a processor such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor, computing entities such as an operating system, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and application programs, one or more interactive devices such as a touchpad or screen, and / or a control system including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback to sense position and / or velocity, control motors to move and / or adjust components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication systems and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0187] The subject matter described herein may illustrate different components that are included within or connected to different other components. It should be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures that achieve the same functionality may be implemented. Conceptually, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality may be achieved. Thus, any two components herein that are combined to achieve a particular functionality may be considered to be "associated" with one another such that the desired functionality is achieved, regardless of the architecture or intervening components. Similarly, any two components so associated may be considered to be "operably connected" or "operably coupled" with one another to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components that may be associated in this way may be considered to be "operably coupled" with one another to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably coupleable include, but are not limited to, components that are physically matable and / or physically interacting, and / or components that are wirelessly interacting and / or wirelessly interacting, and / or components that are logically interacting and / or logically interacting.

[0188] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular term herein, those of skill in the art may convert from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural as appropriate to the context and / or application. For purposes of clarity, various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein.

[0189] In general, those skilled in the art will understand that the terms used in this specification, and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), are generally intended as "non-limiting" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including, but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," and the term "including" should be interpreted as "including, but not limited to"). Those skilled in the art will further understand that where a specific number of introduced claims recitations are intended, such intent is expressly set forth in the claims, and in the absence of such recitation, no such intent exists. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. To aid in understanding, the following appended claims and / or description of this specification may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce the claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as meaning that the introduction of a claim recitation with the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim that includes such an introduced claim recitation to an embodiment that includes only such one recitation, even if the same claim contains the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that even if a specific number of introduced claims is explicitly recited, such a recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the simple recitation "two recitations" without other qualifiers means at least two recitations, or more than two recitations).Furthermore, when notation similar to "such as at least one of A, B, and C" is used, such structure is generally intended as a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand the notation (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" includes, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together). When notation similar to "such as at least one of A, B, or C" is used, such structure is generally intended as a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand the notation (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" includes, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together). Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B," or "A and B." Additionally, as used herein, the term "any of" followed by a list of items and / or a list of categories of items is intended to include "any of," "any combination of," "any more than one of," and / or "any more than one of" the items and / or categories of items, individually or in combination with other items and / or categories of items. Additionally, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. Also, as used herein, the term "multiple" is intended to be synonymous with "plurality."

[0190] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of a Markush group, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual element or subgroup of elements of the Markush group.

[0191] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, for all purposes, including in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any recited range can be readily recognized as fully descriptive and allowing the same range to be broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. Also, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, all terms such as "up to," "at least," "more than," "less than," etc., refer to ranges that include the recited numbers and that can be further broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, ranges include each individual element. Thus, for example, a group having 1 to 3 cells refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 cells refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so on.

[0192] Moreover, the claims should not be read as limited to the provided order or to the provided elements unless specifically so recited. In addition, the use of the term "means for" in any claim is intended to be relied upon under 35 U.S.C. 112, paragraph 6, or means-plus-function claim format, and no claim without the term "means for" is intended to be so.

Claims

1. A method implemented by a first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), wherein wireless communication between the first WTRU and a network node is subject to mutual link interference (CLI), and the method Determining one or more WTRU panel / beam indices based on one or more broadband (WB) reference signal (RS) measurements, The network node receives measurement and reporting configurations for a first subband (SB), a second SB, and at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) received by the first WTRU. According to the received measurement configuration, the CLI is measured for the first SB and the second SB, based on the at least one SRS received by the first WTRU, for each of the one or more WTRU panels / beam indices determined based on one or more WB RS measurements, Based on the CLI measured for the first SB, a first pair of WTRU panel / beam index and SRS is determined, and based on the CLI measured for the second SB, a second pair of WTRU panel / beam index and SRS is determined. A method comprising reporting to the network node the first determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes according to the received configuration.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reporting includes the first determined pair of WTRU panel / indexes and the second determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indices, the WTRU panel / beam index and the SRS resource index.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes are determined according to the strongest / weakest CLI in the first WTRU.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CLI is associated with a second WTRU, and the at least one SRS is received from the second WTRU.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more WTRU beam / panel indices identify a combination of an antenna panel associated with the first WTRU and a beam index associated with the antenna panel.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the SRS resource index follows an SRS resource indicator (SRI).

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes are shown in the report through a channel status information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement includes measuring the SRS-reference signal received power (SRS-RSRP).

9. A first wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that is subjected to mutual link interference (CLI) in wireless communication between the WTRU and a network node, wherein the first WTRU comprises at least one processor, and the processor is Determining one or more WTRU panel / beam indices based on one or more broadband (WB) reference signal (RS) measurements, The network node receives measurement and reporting configurations for a first subband (SB), a second SB, and at least one sounding reference signal (SRS) received by the first WTRU. Based on the at least one SRS received by the first WTRU, the CLI is measured for the first SB and the second SB for each of the one or more WTRU panels / beam indices determined based on the one or more WB RS measurements, according to the received measurement configuration. Based on the CLI measured for the first SB, a first pair of WTRU panel / beam index and SRS is determined, and based on the CLI measured for the second SB, a second pair of WTRU panel / beam index and SRS is determined. A first WTRU is configured to report to the network node the first determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes according to the received configuration.

10. The first WTRU according to claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to include the WTRU panel / beam index and SRS resource index of the first determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes in the report.

11. The first WTRU according to claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the first pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes according to the strongest / weakest CLI in the first WTRU.

12. The first WTRU according to claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to associate the CLI with a second WTRU and to receive the at least one SRS from the second WTRU.

13. The first WTRU according to claim 9, wherein the one or more WTRU panels / beam indices identify a combination of an antenna panel associated with the first WTRU and a beam index of a beam associated with the antenna panel.

14. The first WTRU according to claim 10, wherein the SRS resource index is based on an SRS resource indicator (SRI).

15. The first WTRU according to claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to indicate the first determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes and the second determined pair of WTRU panel / beam indexes through a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator during the reporting.

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