Syngas reactor with preheating for separated feedwater and its treatment

Abstract

The present invention provides a gas synthesis reactor that chemically converts a feed organic material into a synthesis gas by heating the feed organic material to a temperature at which it reacts with water to produce synthesis gas. External energy is added to the feed chemical reaction, typically a combustible gas mixture with a relatively low energy content, consisting primarily of carbon monoxide, methane, some smaller hydrocarbon molecules, hydrogen, and residues from the reaction and feed materials. The reactor, with its additional features, splits the reaction into two main stages, allowing for greater control of the reaction, saving energy, and improving and controlling the energy content and uniformity of the synthesis gas produced.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention is generally in the field of reactors for chemical conversion of a feed organic material into a synthesis gas based on heating the feed organic material to a temperature at which the feed organic material reacts with water to produce synthesis gas, whereby energy is added to an externally carried out chemical reaction. Synthesis gas is a combustible gas mixture that usually has a relatively low energy content and consists mainly of carbon monoxide, methane, some smaller hydrocarbon molecules, hydrogen, and residues of the reaction and raw materials.

[0002] These reactors are commonly referred to by a variety of names, including shift gas reactors, pyrolysis reactors, hydrolysis reactors, biogas reactors, sump gas reactors, and others. These types of reactors are widely used in many fields, from waste treatment to coal gasification. The present invention is one such synthesis gas reactor, which splits the reaction into two main steps to allow for more control of the reaction, conserving energy throughout, and with additional features to improve and control the energy content and uniformity of the synthesis gas produced. [Background technology]

[0003] Syngas reactors are known by many different names, and these names have changed over the years in which such reactors have been used and with the purpose of such reactors.

[0004] What these reactors have in common is that, first, they require additional heat energy to decompose at least a majority of the feedstock molecules, thereby enabling the desired chemical reaction; and second, they involve a type of reductive chemical reaction between the carbon molecules of the decomposed feedstock molecules and hydrogen. Hydrogen is typically provided for the chemical reaction in the form of water, which is at least partially present in the feedstock or at least partially added to the feedstock. The synthesis gas generated in such a chemical reaction contains compounds that are flammable and can therefore be used as fuel. Depending on the feedstock, the synthesis gas produced has a relatively low energy content compared to other fuels and / or flammable compounds.

[0005] Depending on the feedstock, the synthesis gas produced may vary in composition and therefore may have varying energy content over time.

[0006] In the case of feedstocks of relatively homogeneous composition, such as rice straw, this fluctuation or change in the composition of the syngas is less than in the case of feedstocks of less homogeneous composition, such as municipal waste, where it is difficult to keep the produced syngas homogeneous, and therefore the energy content consistent over time.

[0007] The chemical reactions in which more complex hydrocarbon compounds in the feedstock form smaller, less complex molecules such as carbon monoxide and methane require hydrogen as a reducing compound. This can be considered analogous to the need for oxygen as an oxidizing compound in combustion. These necessary hydrogen molecules are typically provided in the chemical reactions in such syngas reactors in the form of water. This water is either already in the feedstock or is added to the chemical reaction. The chemical reactions in syngas reactors require thermal energy to be added to the chemical reaction, as it is not provided by the chemical reaction itself, as in the case of a combustion reaction. This thermal energy is added externally by a heating element. Methods for adding this thermal energy include heating via electric heaters, oxygen jets, burners, ionization, and / or one or more plasma torches.

[0008] The feedstock for a syngas reactor can vary greatly from case to case, depending on a number of factors. One is the purpose for which the syngas reactor is being used. Therefore, the moisture content of the feedstock can also vary greatly. If the feedstock is dry wood, the moisture content is approximately 30%, and if the feedstock is not dry, the moisture content is approximately 70%.

[0009] Typically, most, or at least a significant portion, of the energy externally applied to a syngas reactor is used to first vaporize the water in the feedstock or that must be added, thereby converting the water from its liquid form to its gaseous form so that it can participate in the chemical reactions in the syngas reactor. When the feedstock enters the syngas reactor, it is at a temperature level that is too low to initiate the desired chemical reactions. As the feedstock is heated, the mass of the feedstock receives thermal energy, increasing the temperature of the feedstock within the syngas reactor. Once the temperature of the feedstock reaches the temperature required to vaporize the water, typically around 100°C (212°F), the added thermal energy is first consumed to vaporize the water content of the feedstock until almost all of the water is vaporized before the temperature of the feedstock continues to rise above 100°C (212°F). Vaporization of the water content of the feedstock requires a specific amount of energy per kilogram of water, known as the enthalpy of vaporization; heating all other compounds also requires a specific amount of energy per kilogram of that compound. The specific amount of heat energy required to evaporate water is much higher than the specific amount of heat energy required to heat other materials.

[0010] Also, as a direct result of the fact that it takes significantly more energy to vaporize water than it takes to heat the other compounds in the feedstock to the design temperature, the time required to vaporize the moisture content or added water in the feedstock in a syngas reactor is significantly longer than the time required to heat the other compounds in the feedstock in the syngas reactor. Therefore, the size of such a syngas reactor depends significantly on the time required to vaporize the moisture content or added water in the syngas reactor before the feedstock reaches a higher temperature.

[0011] Another problem arises when the moisture content of the feedstock changes over time, for example, in household waste or waste from wood processing. This changes the composition of the syngas produced, and therefore its energy content. The time it takes for the chemical reactions in the syngas reactor to complete also varies, changing not only the quality and composition of the syngas, but also the amount of syngas produced over time. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0012] [Non-Patent Document 1] Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology, Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg. [Non-patent document 2] Lope Tabil, Phani Adapa and Mahdi Kashaninejad, Biomass Feedstock Pre-Processing - Part 1: Pre-Treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0013] Two parallel partial process steps are established by adding a preheating step as an additional first process step before the otherwise unchanged synthesis gas reactor, and by separating and extracting water vapor and other vapors from the feedstock in this step. The parallel primary process step contains the remainder of the feedstock, after a large amount of water vapor and other vapors have been extracted in the additional preheating step, and enters the otherwise unchanged synthesis gas reactor. The separated and extracted water vapor and vapor are pumped from the preheated feedstock before the remaining portion of the preheated feedstock enters the synthesis gas reactor, thus entering directly where the preheating step has reached or passed the temperature required for the evaporation of the feedstock's moisture content. The pumped water vapor and vapor are supplied to a holding tank parallel to the synthesis gas reactor at a temperature above the evaporation temperature. From this holding tank, the pumped water vapor and vapor are supplied to the synthesis gas reactor at a temperature above the evaporation temperature and at a pressure above ambient pressure inside a heat exchanger for final heat boost to the synthesis gas reactor. The heat exchanger delivers heat for the steam and vapor to further raise its temperature to very high values. The thermal energy can be provided by heating elements or by recovering heat from the hot gases that emerge at the end of the process and need to be cooled. The supply of this hot steam and vapor to the synthesis gas reactor is carried out in a controlled manner by compressors or pumps.

[0014] This separation of synthesis gas generation into two process steps allows for control of the ratio between the partially dried feedstock that enters the synthesis gas reactor after steam and vapor separation, and the water in the form of steam and vapor separated and extracted from the holding tank. As a result, the chemical reaction between the organic compounds in the feedstock and the required water is optimized with respect to the ratio of carbon-containing compounds to the required hydrogen-containing compounds. Furthermore, the synthesis gas produced is more homogeneous, even with heterogeneous feedstocks.

[0015] Because the separated steam and vapor must be added to the syngas reactor from a separate steam and vapor holding tank and heat exchanger, some pressure is required to facilitate the controlled flow or injection of steam and vapor into the syngas reactor. This flow or injection then allows for the steam and vapor to be directed to one or more specific locations within the syngas reactor, thus improving mixing between the steam and vapor on one side and the remaining feedstock on the other side. Injecting steam and vapor provides additional fluid-mechanical benefits.

[0016] Furthermore, this separation of two process steps—the evaporation or preheating step and the reaction in the syngas reactor—allows for the use of much lower temperature levels for the thermal energy required for preheating. Furthermore, because the syngas reactor does not need to heat and convert liquid water to steam, the time required for the process of converting organic compounds to syngas is significantly reduced, allowing for an increase in the feedstock capacity per hour or for the reactor to be kept small without changing the syngas output. Because the preheating step, which involves the task of reaching the water evaporation temperature, operates at a much lower temperature than the chemical reaction for converting organic compounds to syngas, the preheating step for water evaporation can be realized with simpler means and therefore at lower cost than the syngas reactor, which requires much higher temperatures.

[0017] While the chemical reactions themselves in such synthesis gas reactors are well known, investigated, and documented in literally thousands of publications, other aspects such as the mixing of water molecules, respective hydrogen-containing molecules, and carbon-containing molecules, or the kinetics of these compounds, and the distribution of thermal energy over time and within the three-dimensional space of the reactor, have received less attention, yet these aspects are also important and crucial for good efficiency.

[0018] The present invention shows how to use separated water vapor and steam by targeted injection at specific locations within a syngas reactor to induce stable vortices, increase the mixing of compounds within the syngas reactor, thus increasing the efficiency of the chemical reactions, respectively decreasing the amount of compounds that are not fully reacted, thus increasing the yield of combustible syngas, and decreasing the time required for different molecules to react, thus increasing the overall combustible gas yield, efficiency, and controllability of such a syngas reactor.

[0019] According to the scope of the present invention, the present invention relates to a reactor system for producing a combustible gas mixture of carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water and other compounds from a feedstock of compounds containing carbon and water, said reactor system comprising: a sealed reactor; means for feeding said feedstock into said closed reactor through at least one designated opening; a heating means for heating the compound in the sealed reactor from outside the sealed reactor; at least one suction means; at least one holding tank; at least one other means for receiving or taking, injecting, and further heating the generated steam and other generated vapors from the holding tank; the heating means is configured to heat the raw material to a temperature at which water contained in the raw material evaporates in at least one preheating step before opening the sealed reactor to feed the raw material; said external heating of said compounds in said sealed reactor to a temperature that initiates a reaction to produce said gas mixture; the at least one suction means is configured to suction water vapor and other vapors generated from the raw material by the preheating step in at least one suction step; The drawn generated water vapor and other generated vapors are sent to and stored in at least one other means for receiving or taking, injecting, and further heating the generated water vapor and other generated vapors from the holding tank.

[0020] wherein at least one other means for receiving or taking, injecting, and further heating the generated steam and other generated vapors from the holding tank is additionally installed and operated in parallel with the closed reactor. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the complete system in its simplest form. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Detailed Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic of the complete system in its simplest form. At the top of the schematic is the inlet (1). The arrows point in the direction the feedstock will travel.

[0023] An additional preheating step (2) follows directly. Heating is indicated by an arrow numbered (6) to the left of the preheating step. After extraction of steam and vapor (2), the feedstock proceeds to the syngas reactor inlet (3) and enters the closed interior space of the syngas reactor (4). The syngas reactor is defined by its outer containment (5). Heating of the syngas reactor is simply indicated generally by the arrow (6) from the left. In practice, heating is performed on all sides to ensure good or optimal transfer and distribution of thermal energy to the syngas reactor and therefore the feedstock. The synthesis gas generated in the syngas reactor leaves the reactor at the top left (7) in this schematic. An optional centrifugal absorber (8) is shown at the top of the reactor on the right, at which point the extracted steam and vapor are drawn from the preheating step (2) by a compressor, pump, or blower (9). Immediately after the compressor, pump, or blower (9), the extracted steam and vapor enter a holding tank (10). At the bottom of the holding tank (10) is another compressor, pump, or blower (11), which is used to inject steam into the synthesis gas reactor (4) where the feedstock is reacting.

[0024] An additional heater or heat exchanger (12) is shown in the duct from the holding tank to the syngas reactor. The schematic shows three inlets (13) for steam and vapor on the side and one injection point (14) from the bottom, which can be used to create turbulence and stable vortices or other fluid-mechanical effects to further increase mixing of the feed and vapor within the syngas reactor (4). Solid residue exits the bottom of the reactor (17).

[0025] (Detailed Description of the Invention) Generally, synthesis gas is produced by heating carbon-containing compounds and reacting them at high temperatures with compounds such as water that contain the hydrogen necessary for the chemical reaction to produce a carbon-hydrogen mixture. This mixture contains carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor, and a variety of other carbon-hydrogen compounds and chemical reaction residues as primary components. These mixtures are variously referred to as sump gas, water gas, biogas, etc. The term synthesis gas has become so common recently that it is the term used here to refer to these types of mixtures.

[0026] There are many ways to achieve such a chemical reaction, and many methods have been tried and used over time. Because there are many carbon-containing substances, there are many specific methods, often optimized for specific materials containing carbon compounds. Wood pellets are just one example of such a material, which contains large amounts of carbon compounds as well as large amounts of water. Syngas reactors intended to use wood pellets as the primary carbon source differ in their specific layout and construction from syngas reactors for other types of feedstocks, such as household waste. The present invention can be used with all of these types of syngas reactors, regardless of the feedstock type, size, and whether the specific syngas reactor is modified or optimized for a specific process or specific feedstock. The present invention can also be used independently of the type or type of heating for the syngas reactor, from electric heaters to gas-fired burners to plasma torches, used to increase the temperature inside the syngas reactor.

[0027] (Preheating process) The feedstock of a syngas reactor is heated in the syngas reactor to a temperature that begins to break the molecular bonds in the molecules of the feedstock compounds, which can initiate chemical reactions. In the present invention, the feedstock is heated, as in any conventional syngas reactor, but in an additional, prior first step, to a temperature that causes at least significant evaporation of water before the feedstock enters the syngas reactor.

[0028] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the feedstock in this additional, preceding first step is heated to a temperature of 100°C to 120°C at atmospheric pressure, thus reaching a temperature that will result in the evaporation of water contained in the feedstock in almost all cases. However, while higher temperatures will certainly result in the evaporation of water contained in the feedstock, lower temperatures will also result in at least some evaporation. Heating to a temperature above the water evaporation temperature can be achieved in any possible way, as is the case with today's synthesis gas reactors. One possible method would be to add several heating sleeves to the feed system or feed duct before the feedstock enters the synthesis gas reactor. The opening of the synthesis gas reactor through which the feedstock enters has a limited cross-section, which cannot be unlimited. Therefore, in almost all cases, a preparation, chopping, feeding, or other process is required to allow the feedstock to enter the synthesis gas reactor through that opening. Some kind of closed duct from this preheating process to the inlet opening of the synthesis gas reactor would be the optimal location for the preheating process. A preheating process can also be placed before such a preparation process.

[0029] One possible example is when the feedstock contains compounds that react with air or water vapor, such as potassium or lithium, which are readily found in household waste, and which are at least partially encapsulated or have a small surface area to volume ratio to produce the same effect, and preheating precedes the conditioning and shredding steps for safety reasons.

[0030] (Steam generation - Steam generation) When a feedstock is heated to a temperature above that required to evaporate water, water vapor and other volatile compounds are released, resulting in the production of steam. Some compounds, such as water, have a lower evaporation temperature, thereby generating steam. Evaporated water forms water vapor as the gaseous form of water, which will be referred to hereafter as water vapor. Other vaporized compounds will also be referred to hereafter as vapors (vapours) without further specification.

[0031] The generated steam or vapor enters the synthesis gas reactor in the same form and purity as when it was generated, eliminating the need for filters, distillers, or other means to regulate the purity of the steam or vapor generated from other compounds in the feedstock. The energy required to heat the feedstock above the water vaporization temperature and to vaporize at least a significant amount of the water in the feedstock is applied externally. Without this preheating step, as is conventional in synthesis gas reactors, the same amount of energy is required for heating and water vaporization. The preheating step is for a neutral, complete system overall energy balance. This novel invention eliminates the need to provide additional energy for heating to the synthesis gas reactor system.

[0032] (Extraction and absorption of water vapor and steam) The generation of water vapor and steam results in a significant additional volume, as 1 liter of liquid water expands to 1.673 liters of water vapor at atmospheric pressure. Using a compressor, pump, or blower, the water vapor and steam are sucked out of the preheated feedstock. By placing the suction point higher in the duct for the feedstock from the conditioning stage to the synthesis gas reactor feed inlet, gravity helps separate the gaseous compounds from the liquid and solid compounds.

[0033] If the feedstock contains dusty particles or liquids that form mist or droplets, additional absorbers or filters, such as centrifugal absorbers, may be required. Even if small amounts of dust or solid or liquid compounds enter the separated water vapor and steam with the suction, the overall function and / or functionality of the entire system will not change or will be minimized.

[0034] For example, if fine sand or other solids in fine form are sucked in and end up in the holding tank for steam and vapor, and these fine solids separate by gravity and form a layer at the bottom of the holding tank for steam and vapor, an additional absorber or filter can be used. Also, some liquids, such as heavy oil, coal tar found in wood products, or mazut (very heavy oils for some marine diesel engines or wood fertilization), can cause such accumulation in the holding tank, and therefore separation would be advantageous in such specific cases as it would require less maintenance.

[0035] (Water vapor and steam holding tank) The extracted steam and vapor are fed to a holding tank by the same compressor, pump, or blower. The holding tank acts as a buffer for the steam and vapor. The steam, along with steam and other residues in the steam-vapor mixture, is injected into the synthesis gas reactor as needed for the intended chemical reaction.

[0036] (meaning a holding tank for chemical reactions) By buffering the water vapor and using only the amount necessary for the chemical reaction in the syngas reactor, the process has been modified to allow for control of the ratio between carbon-containing compounds and water, something that would otherwise be impossible or only possible in very limited ways. From this holding tank, a metered, and therefore very precise, amount of water vapor can be injected into the syngas reactor, thereby optimizing the chemical reaction. As a direct result, the syngas produced in this manner is much more uniform, despite extreme variations in water content in the compounds entering the complete system as feedstock. Furthermore, because the injection of steam can be precise to produce syngas of consistent quality, the resulting syngas is also uniform.

[0037] If there is too much moisture in the feedstock to produce synthesis gas of a certain quality and homogeneity, the steam can simply be held in a holding tank, and conversely, if there is not enough moisture in the feedstock, it can be supplied to the reaction from the holding tank.

[0038] If there is more water in the feedstock than is necessary or advantageous for the desired chemical reactions in the syngas reactor, some of the water vapor can be released from the holding tank through a special outlet for such cases [in FIG. 1, this is outlet 16], so that it does not participate in the subsequent chemical reactions in the syngas reactor. By mixing this released water vapor with ordinary tap water outside the holding tank, the liquid water thus formed can be discharged from the process / system.

[0039] If the water content in the feedstock is insufficient for complete and / or favorable chemical reaction in the synthesis gas reactor, water in the form of either steam or liquid water can be added externally to the holding tank, e.g., in the form of ordinary tap water. Whether this added water is in the form of steam or liquid water is of little importance to the process, as there is also an optional additional heater for the steam following the holding tank in the process, as explained further below [in Figure 1, this is shown as 12].

[0040] (Optional addition or removal of water) The extracted water vapor, along with some of the vapor of other compounds that may have been in the feedstock and have a lower vaporization temperature than water, is buffered in a holding tank. This is possible, for example, if a set maximum level is reached and some of the vapor is removed when the steam is no longer needed for the reaction. This may be the case if the feedstock contains a large proportion of water, more than is needed for the designed and desired chemical reaction in the synthesis gas reactor.

[0041] By simply using the outlet from the bottom of the holding tank, it would be possible to separate vapors that are lighter than water vapor due to the specific density of their compounds and leave them in the storage tank for transfer to the synthesis gas reactor. Conversely, if the feedstock does not contain a sufficient amount of water and the water vapor level in the holding tank is below some set minimum level in the holding tank, additional water or water vapor can be added to the holding tank externally.

[0042] The holding tank therefore provides a means for controlling the reaction within the syngas reactor independent of the feed composition.

[0043] (Metered injection of steam into a synthesis gas reactor) The holding tank is a storage vessel or steam injection into the syngas reactor. By measuring certain parameters of the reaction and / or the gas generated within the reactor, it is possible to monitor different chemical reactions within the syngas reactor over time. For example, if the amount of hydrogen relative to carbon monoxide in the generated syngas increases above or below a certain set level, this can be considered a control level for decreasing or increasing the amount of water vapor and steam supplied from the holding tank. By adding an optimal amount of steam to the syngas reactor and simultaneously increasing or decreasing the heating of the syngas reactor, the chemical reactions can be kept optimal at all times, and as a direct result, the generated syngas also has no or only small fluctuations in its composition.

[0044] The injection of steam and vapor into the reactor can be facilitated by a compressor or pump, which is possible without difficulty because the temperature of the steam before the additional heater is not very high and the ambient pressure in the synthesis gas reactor is very low.

[0045] (Qualitative injection of water vapor into a synthesis gas reactor) Chemical reactions in general, and synthesis gas reactions in particular, require certain amounts of different compounds. However, it is not enough to simply provide the necessary compounds; these compounds must also be mixed. The better the compounds are mixed, the faster and more complete the reaction will be. If the compounds necessary for a chemical reaction are not mixed well enough and heat transfer to the feedstock is not fast enough, the reaction will be incomplete and take more time than the same reaction with well-mixed compounds. Mixing the compounds that are expected to react in a chemical reaction provides a contact surface between those compounds.

[0046] Conventional syngas reactors have no or at best very limited possibilities for mixing compounds for chemical reactions. Furthermore, the way syngas reactors are conventionally operated leads to a situation where new feedstock is fed on top of previously fed compounds. Liquid can easily pass through the liberated feedstock and accumulate or concentrate in the bottom or lower region inside the syngas reactor, thus effectively causing demixing.

[0047] In addition to injecting steam and vapor from a holding tank at one or a few points, much more efficient and reliable mixing can be achieved than in conventional syngas reactors by using injection points such as jets at advantageous points where the feedstock is most heated, or by creating stable vortices. Injection points can also be positioned to create turbulence, swirl, and other fluid-mechanical effects, which increase mixing between the heated feedstock and the steam and vapor feed in the syngas reactor.

[0048] (Optional additional heating of separated steam and steam) It is possible to add an additional heating step after the holding tank, thus additionally heating the steam and vapor before injecting them into the syngas reactor. This does not result in more energy consumption, as these compounds would otherwise be heated within the syngas reactor. Heating the steam and vapor to the temperature best suited to initiating the chemical reaction before injection—for example, in the case of organic compounds like wood or household waste, this ranges from 400°C to 800°C, or even beyond this required temperature, for example, from 800°C to 1,400°C—would further increase the reaction rate. The heated steam and vapor can reach the feedstock, which has a much larger surface area inside the syngas reactor, thus heating the feedstock faster than heating coming from outside the syngas reactor. In addition to heating the syngas reactor from the outside, this steam also heats the compounds inside the syngas reactor. Heating some of the reacting compounds (water vapor and some of the accompanying steam) to a temperature much higher than the average temperature in the synthesis gas reactor does not lead to a higher energy consumption for the complete reaction, since the thermal energy of the water replaces the thermal energy required for indirect heating of other parts of the feedstock by the heating elements of the synthesis gas reactor, which are then heated externally.

[0049] (Injected steam and any additional pressure rise of the steam) Prior to injection of steam and vapor into the synthesis gas reactor, an additional step can be added after the holding tank to increase the pressure of the injected steam and vapor, thus generating additional fluid mechanical effects that further increase and improve mixing of the steam with the feedstock.

[0050] Good mixing increases the reaction rate, and a more complete chemical reaction results in a more efficient and better use of the reactor volume. The last two points indicate that preheating the feedstock, extraction of steam and some vapors, separation in a holding tank, and optimal qualitative and quantitative injection of the extracted steam results in a better, faster, and more complete chemical reaction. The faster the reaction itself, the more effectively the volume of the syngas reactor can be utilized. Therefore, the reactor can be made smaller for the same amount of feedstock per time or volume, and therefore the yield of syngas produced can be increased for the same size. Also, a more complete reaction due to increased mixing results in a better use of the volume of the syngas reactor.

[0051] These last two effects combine to either reduce the reactor size or produce a higher yield of syngas, both of which lead to lower investment costs. Also, a smaller syngas reactor size for the same yield results in a smaller reactor surface and therefore lower total heat losses than a larger reactor for the same yield.

[0052] The homogeneous reaction in the synthesis gas reactor according to the present invention also leads to a consistent quality of the synthesis gas produced, which is also a commercial advantage since such homogeneous synthesis gas can be used more easily and for more purposes.

Claims

1. A reactor system for producing a flammable gas mixture of carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water, and other compounds from raw materials containing carbon and water, A sealed reactor, Means for supplying the raw materials to the sealed reactor through at least one designated opening, A heating means for heating the compound inside the sealed reactor from outside the sealed reactor, At least one suction means, At least one holding tank, At least one other means for receiving and injecting water vapor and other generated vapors from the holding tank, The heating means is configured to heat in at least one preheating step before the opening of the sealed reactor in order to supply the raw material to a temperature at which the water contained in the raw material evaporates, The heating of the compound in the sealed reactor is brought to a temperature at which the reaction begins and the gas mixture is produced. The at least one suction means is configured to suction steam and other generated vapors generated from the raw materials by the preheating step in at least one suction step, the suctioned generated steam and other generated vapors are sent to the at least one other means for storage, the stored generated steam and other generated vapors are received from the holding tank and injected into the sealed reactor. The at least one other means for receiving, receiving, and injecting the generated steam and other generated steam from the holding tank is installed and operated additionally and in parallel with the sealed reactor. Reactor system.

2. A sleeve enclosing at least a portion of the supply duct to the sealed reactor further comprises a supply duct for supplying the raw material to the inlet of the sealed reactor, The supply of the raw materials to the inlet of the closed reactor is characterized by being combined with the at least one preheating step. The reactor system according to claim 1.

3. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one pump, compressor, or blower used to draw out the steam generated in the preheating step and send it to at least one of the holding tanks.

4. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the holding tanks comprises at least one means for taking in steam or water from outside the sealed reactor and / or releasing steam from the sealed reactor.

5. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the holding tanks allows for the separation of steam and water vapor by taking the steam from the center of the holding tank below a separation line in which gravity separates the lighter steam from the heavier steam.

6. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein after introducing the steam into the at least one holding tank and before injecting the steam into the sealed reactor, the steam is further heated in at least one additional heating step.

7. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising means for injecting the steam from at least one holding tank into the sealed reactor at least once, increasing the pressure of the steam for the injection of the steam into the sealed reactor, thereby enabling additional mixing of the raw materials in the sealed reactor with the additionally pressurized steam.

8. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the steam injections from the holding tank to the sealed reactor is located at a specific geometric point within the sealed reactor, inducing a stable internal vortex and optimizing the mixing and chemical reaction between the steam and the raw materials within the sealed reactor.

9. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the steam injections from the holding tank to the sealed reactor is within a temperature range of 800°C to 1,400°C to optimize the mixing and chemical reaction between the steam and the raw materials in the sealed reactor.

10. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one injection of heated steam from the holding tank into the sealed reactor is used, and is therefore arranged to generate a fluid-mechanical or hydromechanical effect in the sealed reactor to increase the mixing of compounds involved in the chemical reaction in the sealed reactor.

11. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, because the density is lower at higher positions, a smaller amount of solid particles and dust particles or liquids forming mist and droplets are drawn into the at least one means to draw in the generated water vapor and other generated vapors, the position where the generated water vapor and other generated vapors are drawn in is a high region in the preheating step.

12. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one absorbent that separates solid particles and dust particles or liquids forming a mist, and separates dust particles or liquids that are drawn into a duct leading to the at least one means and draw in the generated water vapor and other generated vapors, thereby reducing the amount of solid particles and similar free compounds such as droplets in the separated generated water vapor and other generated vapors.

13. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one heating element for heating the raw materials inside the sealed reactor.

14. The reactor system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one plasma torch or burner jet for heating the raw materials inside the sealed reactor.

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