Method, device and storage medium for synchronization between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads

Abstract

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a synchronization method, device, and storage medium between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads, the method including: obtaining a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device earlier than an air interface; and transmitting a request message to the ground device based on the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting the ground device to adjust the link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Cross reference] This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application filed on December 23, 2022, bearing application number 202211668306.5 and entitled "Method, apparatus and storage medium for synchronization between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads," the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of communications, and more particularly to a method, apparatus and storage medium for synchronization between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads. [Background technology]

[0003] In one scenario of the satellite regeneration mode of the satellite communication system, the satellite communication payload is composed of two functional entities, which are respectively a satellite communication payload physical layer (S-PHY) and a terrestrial communication payload protocol stack (S-MAC), and the two functional entities of the satellite terrestrial communication payload need to perform message interaction synchronization to form one complete satellite communication payload.

[0004] In the related technology, message interactions between S-PHY and S-MAC need to be transferred via the air interface. The message transfer between S-PHY and S-MAC is not real-time and has a relatively large delay jitter. The delay jitter has a relatively large impact on the media access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer, which process according to a fixed time sequence. The delay jitter causes time sequence errors in the physical layer, and further causes transmission and reception errors in the physical layer, which makes it impossible to maintain synchronization between S-PHY and S-MAC. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a synchronization method, apparatus and storage medium between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads to solve the technical problem that synchronization between S-PHY and S-MAC cannot be maintained. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a synchronization method between satellite terrestrial communication payloads applied to a satellite device, the method comprising: Obtaining a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; sending a request message to the ground equipment based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being the scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0007] In some embodiments, measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device ahead of an air interface includes: Obtaining an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The method includes obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0008] In some embodiments, obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device includes: determining the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the satellite device's local frame number and local time slot number; and determining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

[0009] In some embodiments, the formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0010] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface comprises: determining whether a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device if it is determined that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

[0011] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device comprises: transmitting a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it is determined that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to a lower limit of the preset time range.

[0012] In some embodiments, before transmitting a request message to the ground device: The method further includes determining that a cumulative number of times the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range has reached a first preset threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, before obtaining the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device, The satellite device further includes frame number synchronization with the ground device via GNSS.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads applied to a ground device, the method comprising: transmitting a first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining a request message transmitted from the satellite device; and adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0015] In some embodiments, adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message includes: If it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message, reducing a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message; If it is determined that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, extending a link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

[0016] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: The method further includes determining an initial link delay based on the ephemeris information.

[0017] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: obtaining the caching capabilities of the satellite device; determining a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The method further includes scheduling physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0018] In some embodiments, after adjusting the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message based on the request message, starting a timer when the number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; If a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite device after the timer times out, the method further includes releasing the communication link with the satellite device.

[0019] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a satellite device including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; the memory is for storing a computer program, the transceiver is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of the processor, the processor reads the computer program in the memory; Obtaining a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; and transmitting a request message to the ground equipment based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0020] In some embodiments, measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device ahead of an air interface includes: Obtaining an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The method includes obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0021] In some embodiments, obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device includes: determining the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the satellite device's local frame number and local time slot number; and determining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

[0022] In some embodiments, the formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0023] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface comprises: determining whether a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device if it is determined that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

[0024] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device comprises: transmitting a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it is determined that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to a lower limit of the preset time range.

[0025] In some embodiments, before transmitting a request message to the ground device: The method further includes determining that a cumulative number of times the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range has reached a first preset threshold.

[0026] In some embodiments, before obtaining the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device, The satellite device further includes frame number synchronization with the ground device via GNSS.

[0027] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a ground device including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; the memory is for storing a computer program, the transceiver is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of the processor, the processor reads the computer program in the memory; transmitting a first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining a request message transmitted from the satellite device; and to perform an operation including: adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0028] In some embodiments, adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message includes: If it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message, reducing a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message; If it is determined that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, extending a link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

[0029] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: The method further includes determining an initial link delay based on the ephemeris information.

[0030] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: obtaining the caching capabilities of the satellite device; determining a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The method further includes scheduling physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0031] In some embodiments, after adjusting the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message based on the request message, starting a timer when the number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; If a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite device after the timer times out, the method further includes releasing the communication link with the satellite device.

[0032] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a medicament for a medicament comprising: a first acquiring module used to acquire a first scheduling message sent from a ground device; a measurement module used to measure link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message and obtain the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; and a first transmitting module used to transmit a request message to the ground equipment based on a time of arrival at the satellite equipment earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message subsequent to the first scheduling message.

[0033] In some embodiments, the measurement module includes a first acquisition sub-module and a first time determination sub-module; the first obtaining sub-module is used to obtain an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The first time determination submodule is used to obtain the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first time determination sub-module includes a time slot determination unit and a second time determination unit; the time slot determination unit is used to determine the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface according to an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device; The second time determining unit is used to determine the time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

[0035] In some embodiments, the formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first transmitting module includes a determining sub-module and a first transmitting sub-module; the determining sub-module is used to determine whether the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; The first transmitting sub-module is used to transmit a request message to the ground device when it determines that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first transmitting sub-module includes a late request unit and an early request unit; the delay request unit is adapted to send a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the second scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; The early request unit is used to send a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it determines that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to the lower limit of the preset time range.

[0038] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a determination sub-module: The determination sub-module is used to determine that the cumulative number of times that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range has reached a first preset threshold.

[0039] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a synchronization module; The synchronization module is used by the satellite device to synchronize frame numbers with the ground device via GNSS.

[0040] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for producing a medicament for a medicament comprising: a second transmission module used to transmit the first scheduling message to the satellite device; a second acquisition module used to acquire a request message transmitted from the satellite device; and a third transmitting module used to adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message subsequent to the first scheduling message.

[0041] In some embodiments, the third transmission module includes a shortening sub-module and an extension sub-module; the shortening submodule is used to shorten a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message when it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message; The extension submodule is used to extend the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message if it determines that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message.

[0042] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a first determination module; The first determining module is used to determine an initial link delay based on ephemeris information.

[0043] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a cache capability acquisition module, a second determination module, and a scheduling module; the cache capability acquisition module is used to acquire the cache capability of the satellite device; the second determination module is used to determine a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The scheduling module is used to schedule physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0044] In some embodiments, the device includes an activation module and a release module; the activation module is adapted to activate a timer when a number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; The release module is used to release the communication link with the satellite unit if a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite unit after the timer times out.

[0045] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a processor-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for causing a processor to execute the method for synchronization between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to the first or second aspect described above.

[0046] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for causing a computer to execute the method for synchronizing satellite-terrestrial communication payloads according to the first or second aspect described above.

[0047] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a communications device-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for causing a communications device to execute the method for synchronizing satellite-terrestrial communications payloads according to the first or second aspect described above.

[0048] In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a chip product-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for causing a chip product to execute the synchronization method between satellite-terrestrial communication payloads described in the first or second aspect above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0049] In the synchronization method, device, and storage medium between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a ground device transmits a first scheduling message to a satellite device, the satellite device measures link delay jitter, and obtains the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, thereby triggering the ground device to transmit a second scheduling message late or early, thereby restoring the satellite device's reception of the scheduling message to normal time sequence requirements and solving the link delay jitter problem caused by functional entity separation between the physical layer and the protocol stack in satellite regeneration mode, thereby realizing synchronization of information interaction between entities and ensuring normal communication of the satellite-mounted base station.

[0050] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the related art, the drawings necessary for describing the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described below. Of course, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can further obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0051] [Figure 1] 1 is a flowchart of a method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the signal flow for S-PHY and S-MAC to perform information interaction and information processing in the recovery mode of the satellite-mounted base station in the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a determination for C0 and C1 when the S-PHY according to the present disclosure has a cache of 10 ms. [Figure 4] 10 is a second flowchart of a method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a satellite device structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a ground device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a first schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] The satellite communication payload is composed of two functional entities, which are the satellite communication payload physical layer (abbreviated as S-PHY) and the terrestrial communication payload protocol stack (abbreviated as S-MAC), respectively. The two functional entities of the satellite terrestrial communication payload need to perform message interaction synchronization to form one complete satellite communication payload.

[0053] However, satellite-borne base stations in satellite communications systems have two modes: satellite regeneration mode and satellite forwarding mode. Satellite forwarding mode receives, relays, and forwards wireless communication information from the ground, and its implementation is relatively simple. However, there are two types of satellite regeneration mode. In one mode, the entire satellite-borne base station implements all physical layers and all protocol stacks, which requires relatively strong processing capabilities from the satellite-borne base station. In the other mode, the satellite-borne base station implements only the physical layer, and the protocol stack functions are completed on the ground. The satellite-borne physical layer and the terrestrial protocol stack implement scheduling message interaction through other communication methods, which significantly reduces the processing capabilities required from the satellite-borne base station. Separating the S-PHY and S-MAC in the satellite communications payload allows this onboard regeneration mode to be applied to both low-earth orbit satellites and synchronous satellites. For low-orbit satellites, the two functional entities S-PHY and S-MAC have a relatively large relative motion, while for synchronous satellites, the two functional entities S-PHY and S-MAC are basically stationary relative to each other. Whether it is a low-orbit satellite or a synchronous satellite, the two functional entities need to realize information exchange between them through other network elements or other forms of communication means.

[0054] In the related art, message interactions between S-PHY and S-MAC need to be transmitted via the air interface, so the transmission of messages between S-PHY and S-MAC is not real-time and has a relatively large delay jitter. The delay jitter has a relatively large impact on the MAC layer and the physical layer, which process according to a fixed time sequence. The delay jitter causes time sequence errors in the physical layer, and further causes transmission and reception errors in the physical layer, so that synchronization between S-PHY and S-MAC cannot be maintained.

[0055] Based on the above technical problems, the satellite-terrestrial communication payload synchronization method, device, and storage medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure include a method in which a ground device transmits a first scheduling message to a satellite device, the satellite device measures link delay jitter, and obtains the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, thereby triggering the ground device to transmit a second scheduling message late or early, thereby restoring the satellite device's reception of the scheduling message to normal time sequence requirements and solving the link delay jitter problem caused by functional entity separation between the physical layer and the protocol stack in satellite regeneration mode, thereby achieving synchronization of information interactions between entities and ensuring normal communication of the satellite-mounted base station.

[0056] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Of course, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for synchronizing satellite-to-terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the execution body of the method for synchronizing satellite-to-terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a satellite device, and the method may include steps 101 to 103.

[0058] In step 101, a first scheduling message sent from a ground device is obtained.

[0059] Specifically, the ground device transmits a first scheduling message to the satellite device, and the satellite device receives the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device.

[0060] Specifically, the ground device refers to a ground communication payload protocol stack, and the first scheduling message refers to an uplink and downlink no-delay scheduling message transmitted from S-MAC to S-PHY.

[0061] In step 102, the link delay jitter is measured based on the first scheduling message to obtain the time when the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface.

[0062] Specifically, after receiving the first scheduling message, the satellite device measures the link delay jitter, and after measuring the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the satellite device further sends a request message to the ground device.

[0063] Specifically, for example, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) in the S-PHY transmits a frame number, a time slot number, and an interrupt signal to a processor, and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) module of the processor receives and caches the first scheduling message transmitted from the S-MAC, measures the transmission delay of the first scheduling message based on the frame number and the time slot number, and measures the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface.

[0064] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the signal flow for S-PHY and S-MAC to perform information interaction and information processing in the playback mode of the satellite-mounted base station in the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the satellite-mounted physical layer in the diagram mainly completes the processing of each physical channel of the physical layer. The FPGA of the S-PHY receives 1PPS and Tod (pulse per second & time of date, a real-time clock synchronization signal) from the external GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), maintains the frame number, time slot number and interrupt signal required by the CPU system, and completes the processing of each physical channel of the physical layer according to a fixed time sequence. The processor software PLC module of the S-PHY maintains the processing flow of data transmission and reception with the outside, and is internally responsible for processing each physical channel parameter of the FPGA physical layer and completing the transmission and reception.

[0065] The S-PHY operating mechanism is as follows: the FPGA sends a frame number, a time slot number, and an interrupt signal to the processor; the processor's PLC module receives the cached S-MAC scheduling message and measures the transmission delay of the scheduling message based on the frame number and time slot number; the PLC module calculates the parameters for transmitting each physical layer channel based on the FPGA physical layer processing time series and receives the FPGA physical layer report message; the S-PHY FPGA processes each physical channel according to the fixed time series and physical channel parameters.

[0066] As shown in Figure 2, the ground protocol stack in the figure mainly completes ground protocol stack processing, such as protocol processing for RRC (Radio Resource Control), etc. The S-MAC FPGA is responsible for receiving 1PPS and ToD from the external GNSS and maintaining the frame number, time slot number, and interrupt signal required for the CPU (Central Processing Unit) system, and the S-MAC processor software PLC module is responsible for maintaining the flow of data transmission and reception processing with the outside, and is internally responsible for receiving uplink and downlink scheduling messages from the cache MAC layer and reporting report messages for each uplink physical channel to the MAC layer.

[0067] The operation mechanism of S-MAC is as follows: FPGA sends frame number, time slot number and interrupt signal to processor, the MAC layer of processor schedules scheduling messages of each uplink physical channel ahead of the air interface according to a fixed time sequence, the PLC module of processor receives the scheduling message of cache MAC and maintains the sending of the scheduling message according to the time slot number, frame number and interrupt signal according to the time sequence of the cache scheduling message, the PLC module receives and processes the report message of S-PHY and reports it to the MAC layer for processing.

[0068] In step 103, a request message is sent to the ground equipment based on the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the request message is to request the ground equipment to adjust the link delay when sending a second scheduling message, and the second scheduling message is the scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0069] Specifically, the satellite device transmits a request message to the ground device, the ground device receives the request message transmitted from the satellite device, the ground device adjusts the delay for transmitting the second scheduling message based on the request message, transmits it to the satellite device after the adjustment, and the satellite device receives the second scheduling message transmitted from the ground device.

[0070] Specifically, the request message refers to a delay adjustment request message sent to the terrestrial communication payload protocol stack, and the second scheduling message refers to a scheduling message sent for the second time after the transmission time sequence is adjusted based on the delay adjustment request message.

[0071] Specifically, the satellite communication payload physical layer measures the link delay based on the time when the measured first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, and then sends a delay adjustment request message to the terrestrial communication payload protocol stack, for example, the message content is delayed processing or early processing by K (unit: ms).

[0072] In a synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a ground device transmits a first scheduling message to a satellite device, the satellite device measures link delay jitter, and obtains the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, thereby triggering the ground device to transmit a second scheduling message late or early, thereby restoring the satellite device's reception of the scheduling message to normal time sequence requirements and solving the link delay jitter problem caused by functional entity separation between the physical layer and the protocol stack in satellite regeneration mode, thereby realizing synchronization of information interactions between entities and ensuring normal communication of the satellite-mounted base station.

[0073] In some embodiments, measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device ahead of an air interface includes: Obtaining an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The method includes obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0074] Specifically, the satellite device measures the link delay jitter, i.e., obtains the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, and obtains the time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and the air interface time slot number, and sends a request message to the ground device. After receiving the request message, the ground device adjusts the link delay for transmitting the second scheduling message. If the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message, the ground device shortens the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message, and if the request message is for requesting delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, the ground device lengthens the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

[0075] Specifically, the PLC module of the S-PHY receives the scheduling message sent from the S-MAC, and receives the air interface frame number and air interface time slot in the first scheduling message and the S-PHY local frame number and local time slot to determine whether calculation by the S-MAC is necessary, calculate the result, and compare the deviation between the result and the ideal reception time to further determine whether to send a link delay adjustment message to the S-MAC, and if it is necessary to send a link delay adjustment message to the S-MAC, measure the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the calculation result.

[0076] A synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure calculates the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number contained in the first scheduling message, and obtains the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device, thereby enabling the ground device to more accurately shorten or extend the link delay of the second scheduling message, and further enabling the satellite device to restore the normal time sequence of receiving the scheduling message.

[0077] In some embodiments, obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device includes: determining the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the satellite device's local frame number and local time slot number; and determining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

[0078] Specifically, based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device, the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is determined, and based on the number of time slots, the time by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is determined.

[0079] Specifically, before the ground device sends the first scheduling message to the satellite device, it needs to further check the ephemeris information to determine the initial link delay and the cache capability of the satellite device, and based on the initial link delay and the cache capabilities of the satellite device and the ground device, determine the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series, and further schedule the physical layer channel based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0080] Specifically, based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot in the first scheduling message and the S-PHY local frame number and local time slot, the number of time slots in which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is determined.

[0081] Specifically, S-PHY, as a satellite payload, has limited storage resources, and S-MAC first acquires S-PHY's ability to cache scheduling messages on the satellite.

[0082] For example, in the proposed design, the PLC module requires N milliseconds of storage space to cache scheduling messages for each physical layer channel, and in the proposed design, the PLC module requires M milliseconds of storage space to cache MAC scheduling messages. S-MAC first obtains the S-PHY's ability to cache scheduling messages on the satellite, and then uses the ephemeris parameters to calculate the path delay T0 (unit: ms) between S-MAC and S-PHY. S-MAC then schedules the messages T0 + M / 2 + N / 2 (unit: ms) ahead of the air interface.

[0083] The S-MAC PLC module caches M / 2 (unit: ms) physical layer channel scheduling messages, and transmits the scheduling messages to the S-PHY at T0+M / 2 (unit: ms) earlier than the air interface. The PLC triggers the transmission of physical layer scheduling messages via time slot interrupts. Under normal circumstances, the PLC module transmits physical layer channel scheduling messages for only one time slot per time slot interrupt.

[0084] The S-PHY PLC module caches N / 2 (ms) physical layer scheduling messages, and normally, after the S-MAC and S-PHY path delay has passed, the S-PHY PLC module receives physical layer scheduling information N / 2 (ms) earlier than the air interface, ensuring sufficient space for the FPGA physical layer processing timeline.

[0085] Specifically, the MAC layer of S-MAC schedules early according to a fixed time sequence, the FPGA of S-PHY processes each channel of the physical layer according to a fixed time sequence, the processors of S-MAC and S-PHY both need a common PLC processing module, which adapts to link delay jitter by caching scheduling messages of each physical channel, S-PHY is responsible for measuring link delay jitter, and S-MAC is responsible for processing link delay jitter, so that it is guaranteed that the physical layer processing of S-PHY and the MAC processing of S-MAC are both performed according to a fixed time sequence.

[0086] For example, link delay management may be abstracted to a model in which the link delay between S-PHY and S-MAC varies slowly within a fixed delay range, and the link delay varies from small to large, or from large to small.

[0087] First, the change in link latency from small to large is abstracted by the distance between the S-PHY and S-MAC entities increasing. If S-MAC sends scheduling messages to S-PHY at a fixed timing, the link latency will become larger and larger. This will cause S-PHY to transmit scheduling messages to the air interface more slowly, and S-PHY to receive scheduling messages more slowly. As a result, the processing time sequence requirements of each physical channel in the physical layer cannot be met. S-PHY measures the message reception time and triggers S-MAC to send air interface scheduling messages earlier, thereby restoring S-PHY's reception of scheduling messages to the normal time sequence requirements.

[0088] Second, the change in link latency from large to small is abstracted as the S-PHY and S-MAC entities becoming closer to each other. When S-MAC sends scheduling messages to S-PHY at a fixed timing, the link latency becomes smaller and smaller. As a result, S-MAC's scheduling messages to S-PHY's air interface messages are sent earlier and earlier, and S-PHY's scheduling messages are received earlier and earlier. As a result, the local cache space is used up. S-PHY measures the message reception time and triggers S-MAC to delay the transmission of air interface scheduling messages, thereby restoring S-PHY's scheduling message reception to the normal time sequence requirement.

[0089] Specifically, after measuring the link delay, if S-PHY wants to trigger S-MAC to perform delay adjustment, S-PHY needs to send a delay adjustment request message to S-MAC. For example, the content of the message is to process K (unit: ms) late or early. When S-MAC receives the delay adjustment request message, it performs a response process to the delay request message of S-PHY.

[0090] For example, if the PLC module of an S-MAC has a 40 ms cache, the S-PHY has a 10 ms cache, and the air interface link delay is 100 ms, the MAC needs to complete scheduling and send it to the PLC module 125 ms early, and the PLC module caches 20 ms of data. Under normal circumstances, the PLC module will send a scheduling message to the S-PHY 105 ms earlier than the air interface at each time slot interruption point, and the time K at which the S-PHY triggers the S-MAC delay adjustment is 2 ms.

[0091] In one case, in normal mode, the S-PHY PLC module transmits a scheduling message for one time slot at each time slot interruption. As the S-PHY and S-MAC become closer, the S-MAC transmits 105 ms earlier. The scheduling message received by the S-PHY is 7 ms earlier than the air interface. The S-PHY then requires the S-MAC to transmit the scheduling message with a delay of 2 ms. After receiving the request message, the S-MAC needs to not transmit a scheduling message to the S-PHY for 2 ms from the next time slot interruption, that is, not transmit a scheduling message for 16 time slot interruptions. As a result, the scheduling message received by the S-PHY is advanced by 5 ms, and then the normal transmission mode is restored.

[0092] In another case, in normal mode, the S-PHY PLC module transmits a scheduling message for one time slot at each time slot interruption. As the distance between S-PHY and S-MAC increases, S-MAC transmits 105 ms earlier. The scheduling message received by S-PHY is 7 ms earlier than the air interface. S-PHY then requests S-MAC to transmit the scheduling message 2 ms earlier. After S-MAC receives the request message to transmit 2 ms earlier, the S-MAC PLC module transmits the scheduling message to S-PHY for 2 ms from the next time slot interruption. That is, it needs to transmit the scheduling message over 16 time slots. As a result, the scheduling message received by S-PHY is advanced by 5 ms. Then, the normal transmission mode is restored.

[0093] A synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure determines the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots, thereby enabling the satellite device to restore normal time sequence for receiving scheduling messages; and at the same time, time sequence scheduling by the MAC layer of S-MAC is flexibly set before the cell is activated to adapt to different communication delays, and the size of the local cache of the terrestrial protocol stack can be flexibly adjusted to better adapt to the requirements of link delay management.

[0094] In some embodiments, the formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0095] Specifically, whether the time to transmit the scheduling message needs to be adjusted is determined by determining whether the value of ΔC is between the minimum time by which the scheduling message arrives via the air interface and the maximum time by which the scheduling message arrives via the air interface. If it is determined that the value of ΔC is within the preset time, no adjustment is made. If it is determined that the value of ΔC is smaller than the minimum time by which the scheduling message arrives via the air interface, it indicates that the air interface delay is becoming larger and larger, and the reception of the scheduling message is delayed beyond the normal range, and S-MAC needs to transmit the scheduling message early. If it is determined that the value of ΔC is larger than the maximum time by which the scheduling message arrives via the air interface, it indicates that the air interface delay is becoming smaller and smaller, and the reception of the scheduling message is earlier than the normal range, and S-MAC needs to transmit the scheduling message late.

[0096] Specifically, the S-PHY PLC module caches up to N (unit: ms) scheduling messages. S-PHY is designed with three thresholds, of which the MinDelayThreshold and MaxDelayThreshold thresholds are designed based on the following principles: Principle 1: As a satellite payload, S-PHY has limited caching capacity, and cached messages received by S-PHY must meet the processing time sequence requirements of the physical layer. Principle 2: The cached messages received by S-PHY cannot exceed the maximum local cache. See Table 1 below.

[0097] [Table 1] The PLC module of the S-PHY receives the scheduling message sent from the S-MAC and compares the air interface frame number (e.g., defined as A0), the air interface time slot number (e.g., defined as B0), the S-PHY local frame number (e.g., defined as A1), and the local time slot (e.g., defined as B1) in the scheduling message to determine whether the S-MAC needs to perform link delay control.

[0098] 3 is a schematic diagram of the determination of C0 and C1 when the S-PHY according to the present disclosure has a cache of 10 ms, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, there are 120K subcarriers, one time slot is 125 us, the S-PHY has a cache of up to 10 ms, the threshold MinDelayThreshold is set to 3 ms, the scheduling message arrives a minimum of 24 time slots earlier than the air interface, the threshold MaxDelayThreshold is set to 7 ms, the scheduling message arrives a maximum of 56 time slots earlier than the air interface, and the threshold MaxNumThreshold is 50. The calculation formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is as follows: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots that the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface. The PLC module of the S-PHY determines ΔC for the scheduling message in the time slot every 10 ms.

[0099] If the value of ΔC is within the range of 24 to 56 time slots, it means that the scheduling message arrives 3 ms to 7 ms earlier than the air interface, and no adjustment is made.

[0100] If the value of ΔC is smaller than 24 time slots, it means that the scheduling message arrives on the air interface less than 3 ms earlier. As the air interface delay gets larger, the scheduling message reception is delayed beyond the normal range, and S-MAC needs to send the scheduling message earlier. If the measured value is less than 24 for 50 consecutive times (MaxNumThreshold), S-MAC will be triggered to send the scheduling message 2 ms earlier.

[0101] If the value of ΔC is greater than 56 time slots, it means that the scheduling message arrives earlier than 7 ms on the air interface. This means that the air interface delay is getting smaller and smaller, the scheduling message is received earlier than normal, and S-MAC needs to delay sending the scheduling message. If the measurement value is greater than 56 for 50 consecutive times (MaxNumThreshold), S-MAC will be triggered to send with a 2 ms delay.

[0102] A synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can more accurately adjust the link delay for the ground device to transmit the second scheduling message by determining the number of time slots in which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, thereby restoring the satellite device's reception of the scheduling message to normal time sequence requirements.

[0103] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface comprises: determining whether a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device if it is determined that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

[0104] Specifically, if it is determined that the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range, then the S-PHY needs to send request information to the S-MAC to request delay adjustment.

[0105] Specifically, S-PHY may request that S-MAC be continuously triggered to perform one-way link delay adjustment to ensure normal operation of the FPGA time series. The PLC module of S-MAC can increase its local cache time to accommodate the S-PHY's continuous one-way delay adjustment requests. However, the PLC module's cache is also limited. When the S-MAC's PLC cache threshold is exceeded, S-MAC will report an alarm and release the communication link.

[0106] A synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure determines the relationship between the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface and the upper and lower limits of a preset time range, and triggers the terrestrial device to transmit a scheduling message late or early, thereby restoring the satellite device's reception of scheduling messages to normal time sequence requirements.

[0107] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device comprises: transmitting a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it is determined that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to a lower limit of the preset time range.

[0108] Specifically, if it is determined that the time for the scheduling message to arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is greater than the upper limit of a preset time range, i.e., greater than the maximum time for the scheduling message to arrive earlier than the air interface (MaxDelayThreshold), then a delay adjustment command is triggered, i.e., the S-PHY sends request information to the S-MAC to request that the second scheduling information be delayed.

[0109] Specifically, if it is determined that the time for the scheduling message to arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is less than the lower limit of a preset time range, i.e., less than the minimum time for the scheduling message to arrive earlier than the air interface (MinDelayThreshold), then an early adjustment command is triggered, i.e., the S-PHY sends request information to the S-MAC to request early transmission of the second scheduling information.

[0110] A synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can restore the satellite device's reception of scheduling messages to a normal time sequence by determining the relationship between the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface and the upper and lower limits of a preset time range, and determining that the terrestrial device should send a request message to request that the second scheduling message be sent early or late.

[0111] In some embodiments, before transmitting a request message to the ground device: The method further includes determining that a cumulative number of times the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range has reached a first preset threshold.

[0112] Specifically, it determines that the cumulative number of times that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a predetermined time range has reached a first preset threshold, and if the number of times that one-way link delay adjustment requests have been continuously received from the satellite device has reached a second preset threshold, it starts a timer, and if one-way link delay adjustment requests are still received from the satellite device after the timer has timed out, it releases the communication link with the satellite device.

[0113] Specifically, the first preset threshold refers to the number of times (MaxNumThreshold) that delayed or early transmission is triggered consecutively, and only after multiple triggers have occurred does the S-PHY send a delay adjustment message to the S-MAC. For example, if the value of ΔC is smaller than the minimum time that a scheduling message arrives earlier than the air interface and 50 consecutive measurements (MaxNumThreshold) are determined to be smaller than the minimum time that a scheduling message arrives earlier than the air interface, an early transmission of the S-MAC is triggered. If the value of ΔC is larger than the maximum time that a scheduling message arrives earlier than the air interface and 50 consecutive measurements (MaxNumThreshold) are determined to be larger than the maximum time that a scheduling message arrives earlier than the air interface, a delayed transmission of the S-MAC is triggered.

[0114] Specifically, the second preset threshold refers to a request that the S-PHY triggers for the S-MAC to perform link delay adjustment in one direction.

[0115] In the synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, S-MAC periodically sends scheduling messages to S-PHY through a local time slot interrupt signal, and responds to the link delay adjustment request of S-PHY through such a periodic message transmission mechanism. S-MAC bursts scheduling messages of multiple time slots or stops sending scheduling messages of multiple time slots at the time of the periodic interrupt, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling link delay and synchronizing information interaction between entities.

[0116] In some embodiments, before obtaining the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device, The satellite device further includes frame number synchronization with the ground device via GNSS.

[0117] Specifically, the two functional entities, S-PHY and S-MAC, complete frame synchronization between the two functional entities through the external GNSS 1PPS and Tod (pulse per second & time of date: real-time clock synchronization signal), and input the clock synchronization signal into the device, so that the device automatically synchronizes to the current specific time, for example, what year, what month, what minute, and what second.

[0118] The synchronization method between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can achieve clock synchronization by performing frame number synchronization via GNSS 1PPS and ToD, thereby restoring the time at which the satellite device receives the scheduling message to the normal time sequence requirement.

[0119] FIG. 4 is a second flowchart of a method for synchronizing satellite-to-terrestrial communication payloads according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the execution body of the method for synchronizing satellite-to-terrestrial communication payloads according to the present disclosure may be a ground device, and the method may include the following steps 401 to 403.

[0120] In step 401, a first scheduling message is sent to a satellite unit.

[0121] In step 402, a request message sent from the satellite device is obtained.

[0122] In step 403, adjust a link delay when sending a second scheduling message according to the request message, where the second scheduling message is a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0123] In some embodiments, adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message includes: If it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message, reducing a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message; If it is determined that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, extending a link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

[0124] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: The method further includes determining an initial link delay based on the ephemeris information.

[0125] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: obtaining the caching capabilities of the satellite device; determining a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The method further includes scheduling physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0126] In some embodiments, after adjusting the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message based on the request message, starting a timer when the number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; If a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite device after the timer times out, the method further includes releasing the communication link with the satellite device.

[0127] Specifically, the satellite-to-terrestrial communication payload synchronization method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can refer to the above-mentioned embodiment of the satellite-to-terrestrial communication payload synchronization method in which the execution body is a satellite device, and can achieve the same technical effects. Here, the same parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment as those of the above-mentioned corresponding method embodiment will not be described in further detail.

[0128] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a satellite device structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the satellite device includes a memory 520, a transceiver 500, and a processor 510, where: The memory 520 is for storing a computer program, and the transceiver 500 is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of the processor 510, which reads the computer program in the memory 520 and Obtaining a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; and transmitting a request message to the ground equipment based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0129] In particular, the transceiver 500 is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of a processor 510 .

[0130] 5, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking together various circuits, such as one or more processors, represented by processor 510, and memory, represented by memory 520. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, all of which are well known in the art and will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 500 may be multiple elements, i.e., includes a transmitter and a receiver, and provides a unit for communicating with various other devices over transmission media. These transmission media include wireless channels, wired channels, optical cables, and the like. The processor 510 manages the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 520 can store data used by the processor 510 to perform operations.

[0131] The processor 510 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and the processor may employ a multi-core architecture.

[0132] In some embodiments, measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device ahead of an air interface includes: Obtaining an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The method includes obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0133] In some embodiments, obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device includes: determining the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the satellite device's local frame number and local time slot number; and determining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

[0134] In some embodiments, the formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0135] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface comprises: determining whether a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device if it is determined that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

[0136] In some embodiments, transmitting a request message to the ground device comprises: transmitting a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it is determined that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to a lower limit of the preset time range.

[0137] In some embodiments, before transmitting a request message to the ground device: The method further includes determining that a cumulative number of times the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range has reached a first preset threshold.

[0138] In some embodiments, before obtaining the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device, The satellite device further includes frame number synchronization with the ground device via GNSS.

[0139] Specifically, the satellite device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can implement all the method steps implemented by the above-mentioned method embodiment in which the execution body is a satellite device, and can achieve the same technical effects, and therefore, the same parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment as those of the method embodiment will not be described in further detail here.

[0140] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a ground device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the ground device includes a memory 620, a transceiver 600, and a processor 610, where: The memory 620 is for storing a computer program, and the transceiver 600 is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of the processor 610, which reads the computer program in the memory 620 and transmitting a first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining a request message transmitted from the satellite device; and to perform an operation including: adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

[0141] In particular, the transceiver 600 is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of a processor 610 .

[0142] 6, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking together various circuits, such as one or more processors, represented by processor 610, and memory, represented by memory 620. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, all of which are well known in the art and will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 600 may be multiple elements, i.e., includes a transmitter and a receiver, and provides a unit for communicating with various other devices over transmission media. These transmission media include wireless channels, wired channels, optical cables, and the like. The processor 610 manages the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 620 can store data used by the processor 610 to perform operations.

[0143] The processor 610 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and the processor may employ a multi-core architecture.

[0144] In some embodiments, adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message includes: If it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message, reducing a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message; If it is determined that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, extending a link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

[0145] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: The method further includes determining an initial link delay based on the ephemeris information.

[0146] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device: obtaining the caching capabilities of the satellite device; determining a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The method further includes scheduling physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0147] In some embodiments, after adjusting the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message based on the request message, starting a timer when the number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; If a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite device after the timer times out, the method further includes releasing the communication link with the satellite device.

[0148] Specifically, the above-mentioned ground device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can implement all the method steps implemented by the above-mentioned method embodiment in which the execution body is a ground device, and can achieve the same technical effects, and the same parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment as those of the method embodiment will not be described in further detail here.

[0149] FIG. 7 is a first schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite-to-terrestrial communication payload synchronization device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the device includes: a first acquiring module 700 used to acquire a first scheduling message sent from a ground device; a measurement module 710 used to measure link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message and obtain the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; and a first transmitting module 720, which is used to transmit a request message to the ground equipment based on the time of arrival at the satellite equipment earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust the link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being the next scheduling message after the first scheduling message.

[0150] In some embodiments, the measurement module includes a first acquisition sub-module and a first time determination sub-module; the first obtaining sub-module is used to obtain an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The first time determination submodule is used to obtain the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0151] In some embodiments, the first time determination sub-module includes a time slot determination unit and a second time determination unit; the time slot determination unit is used to determine the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface according to an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device; The second time determining unit is used to determine the time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

[0152] In some embodiments, the formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) Here, ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

[0153] In some embodiments, the first transmitting module includes a determining sub-module and a first transmitting sub-module; the determining sub-module is used to determine whether the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; The first transmitting sub-module is used to transmit a request message to the ground device when it determines that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

[0154] In some embodiments, the first transmitting sub-module includes a late request unit and an early request unit; the delay request unit is adapted to send a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the second scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; The early request unit is used to send a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it determines that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to the lower limit of the preset time range.

[0155] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a determination sub-module: The determination sub-module is used to determine that the cumulative number of times that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range has reached a first preset threshold.

[0156] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a synchronization module; The synchronization module is used by the satellite device to synchronize frame numbers with the ground device via GNSS.

[0157] Specifically, the satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can implement all the method steps implemented by the above-mentioned method embodiment in which the execution body is a satellite device, and can achieve the same technical effects, and therefore the same parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment as those of the method embodiment will not be described in further detail herein.

[0158] FIG. 8 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite-to-terrestrial communication payload synchronization device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the device includes: a second transmitting module 800 used for transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device; a second acquiring module 810 used to acquire the request message sent from the satellite device; and a third sending module 820, used to adjust a link delay when sending a second scheduling message based on the request message, where the second scheduling message is a scheduling message subsequent to the first scheduling message.

[0159] In some embodiments, the third transmission module includes a shortening sub-module and an extension sub-module; the shortening submodule is used to shorten a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message when it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message; The extension submodule is used to extend the link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message if it determines that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message.

[0160] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a first determination module; The first determining module is used to determine an initial link delay based on ephemeris information.

[0161] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a cache capability acquisition module, a second determination module, and a scheduling module; the cache capability acquisition module is used to acquire the cache capability of the satellite device; the second determination module is used to determine a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The scheduling module is used to schedule physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule the time series.

[0162] In some embodiments, the device includes an activation module and a release module; the activation module is adapted to activate a timer when a number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; The release module is used to release the communication link with the satellite unit if a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite unit after the timer times out.

[0163] Specifically, the satellite-to-terrestrial communication payload synchronization device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can implement all the method steps implemented by the above-mentioned method embodiment in which the execution body is a ground device, and can achieve the same technical effects, and therefore the same parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment as those of the method embodiment will not be described in further detail herein.

[0164] In the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the division into units / modules is merely a schematic and logical functional division, and other division methods may be used in actual implementation. In addition, in the above embodiments of the present disclosure, each functional unit may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The above integrated units may be realized in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0165] The above-mentioned integrated units may be realized in the form of software functional units and stored in a processor-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present disclosure, its essence, or a portion contributing to related technology, or all or part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions that cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0166] In some embodiments, there is further provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for causing a computer to execute the method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to the above-described method embodiments.

[0167] Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can implement all the method steps implemented by the above-mentioned method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects, and the same parts and beneficial effects as those of the method embodiments in this embodiment will not be described in further detail here.

[0168] The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium or data storage device that can be accessed by a processor, including, but not limited to, magnetic memory (e.g., flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical disks (MO), etc.), optical memory (e.g., CDs, DVDs, BDs, HVDs, etc.), semiconductor memory (e.g., ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile memory (NAND FLASH), solid-state drives (SSD)), etc.

[0169] It should be noted that terms such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present disclosure are used to distinguish between similar objects and are not intended to describe a specific order or chronological order. Terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. It should be understood that the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object may be one or more.

[0170] The term "and / or" in the embodiments of the present disclosure describes a relation between related objects and indicates that three types of relations may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relation.

[0171] The term "plurality" in the embodiments of the present disclosure means two or more than two, and other quantifiers similar thereto.

[0172] In the present disclosure, "determining B based on A" means taking into consideration the element A when determining B. This is not limited to "B can be determined based only on A," but should further include "determining B based on A and C," "determining B based on A, C, and E," "determining C based on A, and further determining B based on C," etc. Furthermore, it may include using A as a condition for determining B, such as "if A satisfies a first condition, determine B using a first method," or "if A satisfies a second condition, determine B," or "if A satisfies a third condition, determine B based on a first parameter," etc. Of course, A may also be a condition for determining an element of B, such as "if A satisfies the first condition, determine C using a first method, and further determine B based on C," etc.

[0173] The technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to various systems, particularly 5G systems. For example, applicable systems include a global system of mobile communication (GSM) system, a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, a general packet radio service (GPRS) system, a long term evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, a long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) system, a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) system, and a 5G New Radio (NR) system. Each of these various systems includes a terminal device and a network device. The system may also include a core network portion such as an evolved packet system (EPS), a 5G system (5GS), or the like.

[0174] A terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a device providing voice and / or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or another processing device connected to a wireless modem. Different systems may refer to terminal devices by different names. For example, in a 5G system, a terminal device may be referred to as user equipment (UE). A wireless terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks (CN) via a radio access network (RAN). The wireless terminal device may be a mobile terminal device, such as a mobile phone (also called a "cellular" phone) or a computer with a mobile terminal device, e.g., a portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-integrated, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, which exchanges voice and / or data with the radio access network. Examples of such devices include a personal communication service (PCS) phone, a cordless phone, a session initiated protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and the like. The wireless terminal equipment may also be called a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, remote station, access point, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, or user device, and is not limited to these in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0175] The network equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be a base station that can include multiple cells serving terminals. Depending on a specific application scenario, the base station may also be called an access point, a device that communicates with wireless terminal devices over one or more sectors over an air interface in an access network, or other names. The network equipment may be used as a router between the wireless terminal devices and the rest of the access network to exchange received air frames and Internet Protocol (IP) packets with each other, where the rest of the access network may include an Internet Protocol (IP) communication network. The network equipment may also coordinate attribute management of the air interface. For example, the network device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a network device (BTS: Base Transceiver Station) in Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a network device (Node B) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), an evolved network device (eNB or e-Node B: evolutionary Node B) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, a 5G base station (gNB) in a 5G network architecture (next generation system), a Home evolved Node B (HeNB), a relay node, a home base station (femto), a pico base station (pico), or the like, and is not limited to these in the embodiment of the present disclosure.In some network architectures, the network equipment may include a centralized unit (CU) node and a distributed unit (DU) node, and the centralized unit and the distributed unit may be located geographically separated.

[0176] Between the network device and the terminal device, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission can be performed using one or more antennas, and the MIMO transmission may be single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Depending on the type and number of antenna combinations, the MIMO transmission may be 2D-MIMO, 3D-MIMO, FD-MIMO, or massive-MIMO, and may be diversity transmission, precoding transmission, beam focusing transmission, etc.

[0177] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Thus, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. The present disclosure may also take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk memory, optical memory, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0178] The present disclosure will be described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-executable instructions. These computer-executable instructions are provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, and the instructions, executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device, generate an apparatus for implementing the function(s) specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0179] These processor-executable instructions may be stored in a processor-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner to produce an article of manufacture that includes instruction means, the instructions stored in the processor-readable memory implementing the functions specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0180] These processor-executable instructions may be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing device and cause the computer or other programmable device to perform a series of operational steps to generate a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.

[0181] Of course, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Thus, if these changes and modifications of the present disclosure fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalents, the present disclosure also intends to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for synchronization between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads applied to a satellite device, comprising: Obtaining a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; and transmitting a request message to the ground equipment based on a time of arrival at the satellite equipment earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

2. Measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message and obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device ahead of an air interface includes: Obtaining an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number contained in the first scheduling message; and obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device.

2. The method of synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 1.

3. obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device; determining the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the satellite device's local frame number and local time slot number; and determining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

3. The method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 2.

4. The formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is as follows: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) where ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

4. The method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 3.

5. transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface; determining whether a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device if it is determined that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

2. The method of synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 1.

6. transmitting a request message to the ground device, transmitting a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time to arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is equal to or less than a lower limit of the preset time range.

6. A method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 5.

7. before transmitting a request message to the ground device; determining that a cumulative number of times the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a predetermined time range has reached a first preset threshold.

6. A method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 5.

8. before obtaining the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device; The satellite device further includes synchronizing frame numbers with the ground device via GNSS.

2. The method of synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 1.

9. A method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communication payloads applied to a ground device, comprising: transmitting a first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining a request message transmitted from the satellite device; and adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

10. adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message; if determining that the request message is to request early transmission of the second scheduling message, reducing a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message; and if it is determined that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, extending a link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

10. The method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 9.

11. before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device; and determining an initial link delay based on the ephemeris information.

10. The method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 9.

12. before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining the caching capabilities of the satellite device; determining a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, the caching capabilities of the satellite device, and the caching capabilities of the ground device; scheduling physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule time series.

12. The method of synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 11.

13. After adjusting a link delay when sending a second scheduling message based on the request message, starting a timer when the number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; and releasing the communication link with the satellite device if a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite device after the timer times out.

10. The method for synchronizing between satellite and terrestrial communications payloads according to claim 9.

14. a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; the memory is for storing a computer program, the transceiver is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of the processor, the processor reads the computer program in the memory; Obtaining a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message to obtain a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; a satellite device for performing an operation including: transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground device adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

15. Measuring link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message and obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at a satellite device ahead of an air interface includes: Obtaining an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number contained in the first scheduling message; and obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device.

15. A satellite device according to claim 14.

16. obtaining a time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device; determining the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the satellite device's local frame number and local time slot number; and determining a time at which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

16. A satellite device according to claim 15.

17. The formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is as follows: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) where ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

17. The satellite device of claim 16.

18. transmitting a request message to the ground device based on a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface; determining whether a time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device if it is determined that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

15. A satellite device according to claim 14.

19. transmitting a request message to the ground device, transmitting a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; and transmitting a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time to arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is equal to or less than a lower limit of the preset time range.

20. The satellite device of claim 18.

20. before transmitting a request message to the ground device; determining that a cumulative number of times the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a predetermined time range has reached a first preset threshold.

20. The satellite device of claim 18.

21. before obtaining the first scheduling message transmitted from the ground device; The satellite device further includes synchronizing frame numbers with the ground device via GNSS.

15. A satellite device according to claim 14.

22. a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; the memory is for storing a computer program, the transceiver is for transmitting and receiving data under the control of the processor, the processor reads the computer program in the memory; transmitting a first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining a request message transmitted from the satellite device; and adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message following the first scheduling message.

23. adjusting a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message; if determining that the request message is to request early transmission of the second scheduling message, reducing a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message; and if it is determined that the request message is to request delayed transmission of the second scheduling message, extending a link delay when transmitting the second scheduling message.

23. The ground device according to claim 22.

24. before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device; and determining an initial link delay based on the ephemeris information.

23. The ground device according to claim 22.

25. before transmitting the first scheduling message to the satellite device; obtaining the caching capabilities of the satellite device; determining a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, the caching capabilities of the satellite device, and the caching capabilities of the ground device; scheduling physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule time series.

25. The ground device according to claim 24.

26. After adjusting a link delay when sending a second scheduling message based on the request message, starting a timer when the number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; and releasing the communication link with the satellite device if a one-way link delay adjustment request continues to be received from the satellite device after the timer times out.

23. The ground device according to claim 22.

27. a first acquisition module used to acquire a first scheduling message transmitted from a ground device; a measurement module used to measure link delay jitter based on the first scheduling message and obtain the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device ahead of the air interface; a first transmitting module that is used to transmit a request message to the ground equipment based on a time that the satellite arrives at the satellite equipment earlier than the air interface, the request message being for requesting that the ground equipment adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message subsequent to the first scheduling message.

28. the measurement module includes a first acquisition sub-module and a first time determination sub-module; the first obtaining sub-module is used to obtain an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message; The first time determination submodule is used to determine the time at which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the air interface frame number and air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and the local frame number and local time slot number of the satellite device.

28. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization device of claim 27.

29. the first time determination sub-module includes a time slot determination unit and a second time determination unit; the time slot determination unit is used to determine the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on an air interface frame number and an air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message and a local frame number and a local time slot number of the satellite device; The second time determination unit is used to determine a time when the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface based on the number of time slots.

30. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 28.

30. The formula for determining the number of time slots that the first scheduling message will arrive at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is as follows: ΔC=(A0*Q+B0)-(A1*Q+B1) where ΔC represents the number of time slots by which the first scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface, A0 represents the air interface frame number included in the first scheduling message, Q represents the number of time slots included in one frame, B0 represents the air interface time slot number included in the first scheduling message, A1 represents the local frame number of the satellite device, and B1 represents the local time slot number of the satellite device.

30. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 29.

31. the first transmitting module includes a determining sub-module and a first transmitting sub-module; the determining sub-module is used to determine whether the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range; The first transmitting sub-module is used to transmit a request message to the ground device when it determines that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a preset time range.

28. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization device of claim 27.

32. the first sending sub-module includes a late request unit and an early request unit; the delay request unit is adapted to send a request message to the ground device to request a delayed transmission of the second scheduling message when determining that the time at which the second scheduling message arrives at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is equal to or greater than an upper limit of the preset time range; The early request unit is used to transmit a request message to the ground device to request early transmission of the second scheduling message when it determines that the time at which the satellite device will arrive earlier than the air interface is less than or equal to a lower limit of the preset time range.

32. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 31.

33. The apparatus further includes a determination sub-module; The determining sub-module is used to determine that the cumulative number of times that the time of arrival at the satellite device earlier than the air interface is outside a predetermined time range has reached a first preset threshold.

32. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 31.

34. The apparatus further includes a synchronization module; The synchronization module is used by the satellite device to synchronize frame numbers with the ground device via GNSS.

28. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization device of claim 27.

35. a second transmission module used to transmit the first scheduling message to the satellite device; a second acquisition module used to acquire a request message transmitted from the satellite device; a third transmitting module used to adjust a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message based on the request message, the second scheduling message being a scheduling message subsequent to the first scheduling message.

36. the third sending module includes a shortening sub-module and an extending sub-module; the shortening submodule is used to shorten a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message when it is determined that the request message is for requesting early transmission of the second scheduling message; The extension submodule is used to extend a link delay when transmitting a second scheduling message when it determines that the request message is for requesting delayed transmission of the second scheduling message.

36. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 35.

37. The apparatus further includes a first determination module; The first determination module is used to determine an initial link delay based on ephemeris information.

36. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 35.

38. The apparatus further includes a cache capability acquisition module, a second determination module, and a scheduling module; the cache capability acquisition module is used to acquire the cache capability of the satellite device; the second determination module is used to determine a delay required for a MAC layer to schedule a time series based on the initial link delay, a caching capability of the satellite device, and a caching capability of the ground device; The scheduling module is used to schedule physical layer channels based on the delay required for the MAC layer to schedule time series.

38. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 37.

39. the apparatus includes an activation module and a release module; the start-up module is adapted to start a timer when a number of consecutive one-way link delay adjustment requests received from the satellite device reaches a second preset threshold; The release module is used to release the communication link with the satellite device if it continues to receive a one-way link delay adjustment request from the satellite device after the timer times out.

36. The satellite-to-terrestrial communications payload synchronization apparatus of claim 35.

40. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute the method for synchronizing satellite-to-terrestrial communications payloads according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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