Ophthalmic lenses and methods for inhibiting myopia progression

Abstract

An ophthalmic lens (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 610, 700, 710, 800, 810, 900, 910, 1000) for inhibiting the progression of myopia is provided, the lens comprising a distance vision lens portion (101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601, 611, 701, 711, 801, 811, 901, 911, 1001) for correcting myopia, and at least one electrically controllable lens portion (102, 202A, 202B, 302A, 302B, 302C, 302D, 402A, 402B, 502A, 502B, 602, 612, 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B, 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B, 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D, 1002). A system (3000) and a method (4000) for inhibiting the progression of myopia are also provided.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses for reducing the progression of myopia, systems for reducing the progression of myopia, eyeglasses for reducing the progression of myopia, and methods for reducing the progression of myopia. [Background technology]

[0002] Many people, including children and adults, require ophthalmic lenses to correct myopia (nearsightedness). Such lenses may be configured to produce myopic defocus to slow myopic progression. In this regard, an inner distance-correcting zone provides myopic correction, and one or more concentric outer defocusing regions are provided having relatively more positive optical power. The defocusing regions focus light in front of the retina. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that focusing some light in front of the retina may help slow eye lengthening, which can worsen myopia. Some eyeglasses for slowing myopia progression include lenslets that provide the defocusing regions. Some eyeglasses have also been described that include light-scattering elements that scatter light, reducing contrast, rather than defocusing it. Such ophthalmic lenses typically include a central zone having a refractive power for correcting myopia; some contact lens products include such a central zone, a smaller central zone providing a relatively large amount of add power, and one or more defocusing or light-scattering zones. All of these ophthalmic lenses feature a fixed refractive power for correcting the distance vision of myopic individuals and a non-alterable defocusing or light-scattering zone. While some myopia-control ophthalmic lenses, such as MISIGHT (Cooper Vision), have been shown to significantly reduce the progression of myopia in children, there remains a need for improved ophthalmic lenses, including improved quality of vision, reduced myopia progression, and improved comfort.

[0003] The present invention aims to provide an improved visual experience and / or to provide a more adaptive lens for controlling the progression of myopia. Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, the lens comprising a distance vision lens portion that focuses light at a first location thereby correcting myopia, and at least one electrically controllable lens portion that is addressable to focus light at a second location that is closer to the lens than the first location, wherein, in use, the at least one electrically controllable lens portion is controllable to focus light in front of the wearer's retina.

[0005] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for inhibiting the progression of myopia, comprising an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, the system also comprising a user control module for controlling operation of the ophthalmic lens.

[0006] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pair of spectacles comprising at least one ophthalmic lens for controlling the progression of myopia.

[0007] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling the progression of myopia.

[0008] Of course, it will be understood that features described in connection with one aspect of the disclosure may be incorporated into other aspects of the disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A is a schematic plan view of an example ophthalmic lens (in this case, a soft contact lens) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] [Figure 1B]FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the contact lens of FIG. 1A taken along line AA.

[0011] [Figure 1C] FIG. 1C is a schematic plan view of the contact lens of FIGS. 1A and 1B, showing the orientation of the director of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal is in its non-switching state.

[0012] [Figure 1D] FIG. 1D is a schematic plan view of the contact lens of FIGS. 1A and 1B, showing the orientation of the director of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal is in the switching state.

[0013] [Figure 1E] FIG. 1E is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal cell used in the lenses of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D, showing the configuration of the liquid crystal cell when the liquid crystal is in a non-switching state.

[0014] [Figure 1F] FIG. 1F is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal cell used in the lenses of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D, showing the configuration of the liquid crystal cell when the liquid crystal is in a switched state.

[0015] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a further example of an ophthalmic lens (in this case a soft contact lens) with two semi-annular electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a further example of an ophthalmic lens (in this case a soft contact lens) with four quadrant annular electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] [Figure 4A]FIG. 4A is a schematic plan view of a further example of an ophthalmic lens (in this case a soft contact lens) with two annular, electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the contact lens of FIG. 4A taken along line BB.

[0019] [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A is a schematic plan view of a further example of an ophthalmic lens (in this case a soft contact lens) with two annular, electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the contact lens of FIG. 5A taken along line CC.

[0021] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of an example of a pair of ophthalmic lenses according to an embodiment of the present invention, each lens comprising an annular, electrically controllable, light-focusing lens portion.

[0022] [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a further example of a pair of ophthalmic lenses according to an embodiment of the present invention, each lens comprising two semi-annular electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions.

[0023] [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a further example of a pair of ophthalmic lenses according to an embodiment of the present invention, each lens comprising two semi-annular electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions.

[0024] [Figure 9]FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a further example of a pair of spectacles with two ophthalmic lenses according to an embodiment of the present invention, each lens comprising four quadrant annular electrically controllable light-focusing lens portions.

[0025] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of a further example of an ophthalmic lens (in this case a soft contact lens) according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a system for controlling the progression of myopia, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] [Figure 13A] FIG. 13A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ophthalmic contact lens according to one embodiment of the present invention, with an electrically switchable lens portion in a non-switching state.

[0029] [Figure 13B] FIG. 13B is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ophthalmic contact lens according to one embodiment of the present invention, with the electrically switchable lens portion in a switching state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, comprising a distance vision lens portion for correcting myopia by focusing light at a first location, and at least one electrically controllable lens portion addressable to focus light at a second location, the second location being closer to the lens than the first location.

[0031] In use, the second position is optionally in front of the wearer's retina.

[0032] For the avoidance of doubt, "electrically controllable" indicates that the optical power of the electrically controllable lens portion can be changed by application of an appropriate electrical signal. The optical power (i.e., refractive power) of an electrically controllable lens portion typically depends on the shape of the electrically controllable lens portion and the refractive index of the electrically controllable lens portion relative to the surrounding material. For example, application of an appropriate electrical signal may cause the shape of the electrically controllable lens portion to be changed. Alternatively or additionally, application of an appropriate electrical signal may cause the refractive index of the electrically controllable lens portion to be changed. The nature of the appropriate electrical signal will depend on the nature of the electrically controllable lens portion. The ophthalmic lens of the first aspect of the present invention provides a lens portion for correcting a wearer's myopia, and provides an electrically controllable lens portion that can focus light in front of the retina. It is believed that focusing light in front of the retina can slow the elongation of the eyeball that leads to increased myopia. Furthermore, the ophthalmic lens of the first aspect of the present invention can be used to provide different optical powers that may be required by different wearers, and therefore the ophthalmic lens is more adaptable than conventional lenses. In other words, the ophthalmic lens may be adjustable or tunable so that it can provide different optical powers. Furthermore, the degree to which light is focused in front of the retina can be controlled.

[0033] For the avoidance of doubt, hereinafter an "ophthalmic lens" may be referred to as a "lens." Similarly, hereinafter an "electrically controllable lens portion" may be referred to as a "controllable lens portion" or an "electrically controllable portion."

[0034] The distance vision lens portion is optionally an inner lens portion. The at least one electrically controllable lens portion is optionally an outer lens portion. Optionally, if there are multiple electrically controllable lens portions, multiple electrically controllable lens portions may be outer lens portions. Such an arrangement may be effective in providing corrective vision to the wearer and may also provide treatment to slow the progression of myopia. Two of the electrically controllable lens portions may be positioned opposite each other on either side of the center of the ophthalmic lens. The electrically controllable lens portions need not be outer lens portions. For example, at least one electrically controllable lens portion may be positioned inside the distance vision lens portion. For example, at least one electrically controllable lens portion may be positioned inside an annular distance vision lens portion. The distance vision lens portion may be a central lens portion. At least one electrically controllable lens portion may be positioned concentrically with the distance vision lens portion. This may be a particularly convenient arrangement.

[0035] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (among a plurality) may be annular, such an arrangement facilitating light modulation around a more central region.

[0036] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may be biconcave, biconvex, or convex-concave in cross section.

[0037] An ophthalmic lens may comprise a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, at least one of which is controllable to focus light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position. One or more, optionally each, of the plurality of electrically controllable lens portions may be controllable to focus light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position. For example, an ophthalmic lens may comprise a plurality of concentric, optionally annular, controllable lens portions. Such an arrangement with multiple electrically controllable lens portions may facilitate more precise control of optical properties. When an ophthalmic lens comprises a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions controllable to focus light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position, the second position need not be the same for all electrically controllable portions.

[0038] In the case of a contact lens, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) has a radial dimension optionally of at least 0.5 mm, optionally at least 1 mm, optionally at least 1.5 mm, optionally at least 2 mm, optionally at least 2.5 mm, optionally at least 3 mm, and optionally at least 3.5 mm. The radial dimension may be a chordal dimension.

[0039] In the case of a contact lens, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) has a radial dimension that is optionally 6 mm or less, optionally 5.5 mm or less, optionally 5 mm or less, optionally 4.5 mm or less, optionally 4 mm or less, optionally 3.5 mm or less, and optionally 3 mm or less. The radial dimension may be a chordal dimension.

[0040] In the case of a contact lens, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may have a radial position from the center of the contact lens that is at least 1 mm, optionally at least 1.5 mm, optionally at least 2 mm, and optionally at least 2.5 mm. The radial position of each electrically controllable lens portion may be measured from the center of the contact lens to the center (radially speaking) of each electrically controllable lens portion. The radial position may be a chordal position.

[0041] In the case of a contact lens, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) is radially positioned no more than 5 mm, optionally no more than 4.5 mm, optionally no more than 4 mm, optionally no more than 3.5 mm, optionally no more than 3 mm, optionally no more than 2.5 mm, and optionally no more than 2 mm from the center of the contact lens. The radial position of each electrically controllable lens portion may be measured from the center of the contact lens to the center (radially speaking) of each electrically controllable lens portion. The radial position may be a chordal position.

[0042] In the case of contact lenses, the distance vision lens portion can optionally have a radial dimension of at least 0.5 mm, optionally at least 1 mm, optionally at least 1.5 mm, optionally at least 2 mm, optionally at least 2.5 mm, optionally at least 3 mm, and optionally at least 3.5 mm.

[0043] In the case of contact lenses, the distance vision lens portion can have a radial dimension of optionally 8 mm or less, optionally 7 mm or less, optionally 6.5 mm or less, optionally 6 mm or less, optionally 5.5 mm or less, optionally 5 mm or less, optionally 4.5 mm or less, optionally 4 mm or less, optionally 3.5 mm or less, and optionally 3 mm or less.

[0044] In the case of a spectacle lens, the at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) has a radial dimension optionally of at least 2 mm, optionally at least 3 mm, optionally at least 5 mm, optionally at least 7 mm, optionally at least 9 mm, optionally at least 10 mm, and optionally at least 20 mm. The radial dimension may be a chordal dimension.

[0045] In the case of a spectacle lens, the at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) has a radial dimension that is optionally 30 mm or less, optionally 25 mm or less, optionally 20 mm or less, optionally 15 mm or less, optionally 12 mm or less, optionally 10 mm or less, and optionally 8 mm or less. The radial dimension may be a chordal dimension.

[0046] In the case of a spectacle lens, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may have a radial position from the center of the contact lens that is at least 3 mm, optionally at least 5 mm, optionally at least 10 mm, and optionally at least 15 mm. The radial position of each electrically controllable lens portion may be measured from the center of the contact lens to the center (radially speaking) of each electrically controllable lens portion. The radial position may be a chordal position.

[0047] In the case of spectacle lenses, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) has a radial position from the center of the contact lens that is 50 mm or less, optionally 45 mm or less, optionally 40 mm or less, optionally 35 mm or less, optionally 30 mm or less, optionally 25 mm or less, optionally 20 mm or less, and optionally 15 mm or less. The radial position of each electrically controllable lens portion may be measured from the center of the contact lens to the center (radially) of each electrically controllable lens portion. The radial position may be a chordal position.

[0048] In the case of spectacle lenses, the distance vision lens portion may optionally have a radial dimension of at least 5 mm, optionally at least 10 mm, optionally at least 15 mm, optionally at least 20 mm, optionally at least 25 mm, and optionally at least 30 mm.

[0049] In the case of spectacle lenses, the distance vision lens portion may have a radial dimension of optionally 50 mm or less, optionally 45 mm or less, optionally 40 mm or less, optionally 35 mm or less, optionally 30 mm or less, optionally 25 mm or less, and optionally 20 mm or less.

[0050] The ophthalmic lens may include a first electrically controllable lens portion and a second electrically controllable lens portion. The first and second electrically controllable lens portions may be individually electrically controllable. The first and second electrically controllable lens portions may together form a ring shape. Each of the first and second electrically controllable lens portions may be semi-ring-shaped. The first electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be located opposite the second electrically controllable lens portion. For example, the first electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be a superior (upper) lens portion in use, and the second electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be a inferior (lower) lens portion in use. Alternatively, the first electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be a nasal lens portion in use, and the second electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be a temporal lens portion in use. The use of two such electrically controllable lens portions facilitates finer control over the wearer's treatment, for example, in cases where the wearer has a condition that can be improved by asymmetric focusing of light. In this regard, if the lens is a contact lens, the lens may be configured to conform to a desired orientation on the wearer's eye. For example, the contact lens may include a stabilization zone, such as a ballast. Optionally, one portion of the contact lens is heavier (compared to other portions), for example, due to a thicker lens material. During use, the heavier portion of the contact lens will rotate the lens so that the heavier portion is in a downward position.

[0051] As mentioned above, an ophthalmic lens may comprise a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, each of which may, for example, comprise an annular sector.

[0052] The lens may include first, second, third, and fourth electrically controllable lens portions. Each of the first, second, third, and fourth annular portions (the lens portions) may have annular sectors, which optionally form an annular shape. The annular portions may or may not be the same size. The first electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be a superior nasal portion in use. The second electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be an inferior nasal portion in use. The third electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be an inferior temporal portion in use. The fourth electrically controllable lens portion may be configured to be a superior temporal portion in use. The use of four such electrically controllable lens portions facilitates finer control over the wearer's treatment, for example, in cases where the wearer has a condition that can be improved by asymmetric focusing of light. In this regard, if the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens, the contact lens may be configured to fit in a desired orientation on the wearer's eye, as previously described.

[0053] The ophthalmic lens may comprise a first annular electrically controllable lens portion and a second annular electrically controllable lens portion. The first and second annular electrically controllable lens portions may be concentric with each other and with the distance vision lens portion. The first and second annular electrically controllable lens portions may optionally be individually electrically controllable.

[0054] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may be operable to provide a change in optical power of at least ±0.5 diopters (D), optionally at least ±1.0D, optionally at least ±1.5D, optionally at least ±2.0D, optionally at least ±2.5D, optionally at least ±3.0D, optionally at least ±5.0D, optionally at least ±7.0D, optionally at least ±8.0D, and optionally at least ±10.0D. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may be operable to provide a change in optical power of up to ±2.0 D, optionally up to ±3.0 D, optionally up to ±5.0 D, optionally up to ±7.0 D, optionally up to ±8.0 D, and optionally up to ±10.0 D. The change in optical power achievable by each of the plurality of electrically controllable lens portions may be the same or different.

[0055] As previously mentioned, at least one electrically controllable lens portion is controllable to focus light at a second position (in front of the wearer's retina in use) that is closer to the lens than the first position. It is believed that focusing light in front of the retina reduces the rate of retinal elongation, thereby reducing the progression of myopia. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally multiple electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (among the multiple) may be controllable to focus light at a first position, thereby providing corrected distance vision (i.e., the negative refractive power required to correct the wearer's myopic vision). This corrected distance vision state may be achieved in the absence of an electrical signal to the electrically controllable lens portion, i.e., in a zero-power configuration. An advantage of such a configuration is that, even in the event of a power supply failure, the ophthalmic lens defaults to a state that improves the wearer's distance vision. Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens may be configured such that in a zero power configuration (in the absence of an electrical signal to the electrically controllable lens portion), at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) focuses light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position. Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens may be configured such that, in the event of a power failure, at least one electrically controllable lens portion focuses light to a first position to provide improved distance vision, and (another) at least one electrically controllable lens portion focuses light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position.

[0056] Thus, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (among the plurality) may be operable between a first distance vision operating state and a second myopia suppression operating state. In the first distance vision operating state, each electrically controllable lens portion is configured to focus light, for example, at a first location on the wearer's retina. In the first distance vision operating state, each electrically controllable lens portion may have a first optical power. In the second myopia suppression operating state, each electrically controllable lens portion is configured to focus light at a second location closer to the lens than the first location, typically in front of the wearer's retina in use. In the second myopia suppression operating state, each electrically controllable lens portion may have a second optical power. The first optical power of one electrically controllable lens portion may be the same as or different from the first optical power of another electrically controllable lens portion. Similarly, the second optical power of one electrically controllable lens portion may be the same or different from the second optical power of another electrically controllable lens portion. When a lens comprises multiple electrically controllable lens portions, the first optical power of each of the electrically controllable lens portions may be the same or different. When a lens comprises multiple electrically controllable lens portions, the second optical power of each of the electrically controllable lens portions may be the same or different.

[0057] Optionally, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (among the plurality) may be controllable to focus light to one of a plurality of different positions that are closer to the lens than the first position.

[0058] Optionally, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may be controllable to focus light to a third position, optionally further from the lens than the first and second positions. In use, the third position may be posterior to the retina.

[0059] Optionally, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may be user-controllable. For example, optionally, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may be configured to be controllable by a user. For example, optionally, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may be user-controllable to focus light at a second position closer to the lens than the first position (e.g., anterior to the retina in use), and / or to focus light at the first position (e.g., on the retina in use), and / or to focus light at a third position (e.g., posterior to the retina in use). For example, under certain environmental conditions (e.g., in low light locations), it may be desirable for at least one of the controllable lens portions to focus light at a first position, and it may be desirable for this to be controllable by the user.

[0060] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may comprise a liquid crystal, such as a nematic liquid crystal.

[0061] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may be provided by liquid crystal cells, such as nematic liquid crystals, which may be embedded in a lens material, such as a silicone hydrogel material, in the case of soft contact lenses. At least one liquid crystal cell, optionally a plurality of liquid crystal cells, and / or optionally each liquid crystal cell(s) may be biconcave, biconvex, or convex-concave in cross section.

[0062] The liquid crystal cell can have a first state in which an electrically controllable lens portion including the liquid crystal cell is configured to focus light at a second position closer to the lens than the first position. The liquid crystal cell can be changed between the first and second states. In the second state, for example, the electrically controllable lens portion including the liquid crystal cell can be configured to focus light at the first position. The effective refractive index of the liquid crystal cell can be different in the first and second states, and the optical power of the liquid crystal cell can be selected to be different in the first and second states.

[0063] When at least one controllable lens portion comprises a nematic liquid crystal, the nematic liquid crystal may optionally be doped. For example, the nematic liquid crystal may be doped to increase birefringence and / or may be doped with a chiral dopant to induce chirality in the liquid crystal phase. Optionally, the nematic liquid crystal is not provided with a chiral dopant. Optionally, the liquid crystal is an achiral nematic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal may have a positive dielectric anisotropy or a negative dielectric anisotropy.

[0064] The liquid crystal may be disposed between two surfaces, at least one of which is provided with an alignment layer for orienting the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal may be disposed between two alignment layers for orienting the liquid crystal. The alignment layer may include a polymer. The polymer may optionally be an oriented polymer. The polymer may be oriented by applying a force to the surface of the polymer, for example, by contacting the polymer with a roller or brush. At least one alignment layer may be configured to orient the liquid crystal in one particular direction. At least one alignment layer may be configured to orient the liquid crystal substantially parallel to the alignment layer. In this regard, it may not be desirable for the liquid crystal to be perfectly aligned parallel to the alignment layer. Therefore, for example, it may be desirable to have a pretilt angle of 0.5 to 10 degrees, optionally 1 to 5 degrees. The pretilt angle is typically measured using a crystal rotation method, as is well known to those skilled in the art of liquid crystals. At least one alignment layer may be configured to orient the liquid crystal in a homeotropic configuration (i.e., substantially perpendicular to the alignment surface). At least one alignment layer may be configured to orient the liquid crystal in a homeotropic configuration when the liquid crystal is in one of the switching and non-switching states, and to orient the liquid crystal in a preferred planar configuration when the liquid crystal is in the other of the switching and non-switching states. For example, one alignment layer may be configured to orient the liquid crystal in a homeotropic configuration when the liquid crystal is in the non-switching state, and another alignment layer may be configured to orient the liquid crystal in a preferred direction in the planar state when the liquid crystal is in the switching state. This encourages the liquid crystal to align in one particular direction in the plane when the liquid crystal is in the planar state.

[0065] The magnitude of the birefringence of the liquid crystal at the operating temperature of the lens is optionally at least 0.10, optionally at least 0.15, optionally at least 0.175, and optionally at least 0.20. The operating temperature of the lens at which the birefringence can be determined may be, for example, 20-25°C for spectacle lenses and 30-35°C for contact lenses. Birefringence, Δn=n e-n0 is typically evaluated at 632.8 nm using a He-Ne laser. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the lens will remain effective outside of these operating temperature ranges. These operating temperatures are merely mentioned as typical operating temperatures at which birefringence may be determined.

[0066] The average thickness of the liquid crystal is optionally at least 5 μm, optionally at least 10 μm, optionally at least 15 μm, optionally at least 20 μm, optionally at least 25 μm, and optionally at least 30 μm. The average thickness of the liquid crystal is optionally no more than 50 μm, optionally no more than 45 μm, optionally no more than 40 μm, optionally no more than 35 μm, optionally no more than 30 μm, optionally no more than 25 μm, and optionally no more than 20 μm.

[0067] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion may include a space for receiving a fluid and a fluid disposed within the space. Optionally, the refractive effect of the electrically controllable lens portion depends on the shape of the fluid through which light passes and the refractive index of the fluid compared to the surrounding medium. In this regard, the shape of the fluid within the space and the refractive index of the fluid compared to the surrounding medium may determine the refractive properties of the electrically controllable lens portion. The lens may be operable to introduce and / or remove fluid from the space. The introduction and / or removal of fluid may increase or decrease the thickness of the fluid within the space and / or change the shape of the electrically controllable lens portion. The introduction and / or removal of fluid may change the shape of the interface between the fluid and the surrounding medium. The change in the shape of the interface may change the optical power of the electrically controllable lens portion. The surrounding medium may include a contact lens material, such as a polymer used in the manufacture of contact lenses, e.g., silicone hydrogel. For example, introducing a fluid into the space may provide a more curved interface between the fluid and the surrounding medium. Alternatively or additionally, at least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (among a plurality) may be electrically controllable between a first state in which each electrically controllable lens portion has a first refractive shape and a second state in which each electrically controllable lens portion has a second refractive shape different from the first refractive shape. Movement of fluid into and out of the space provides (switching) between the first and second states. Pumps may be provided for introducing and removing a refractive medium into and from the space.

[0068] At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may include a refractive element configured to have a shape that depends on an electrical signal applied to the respective electrically controllable lens portion. At least one refractive element, optionally a plurality of refractive elements, and / or optionally each refractive element(s) may include a first liquid, the shape of which depends on the electrical signal applied to the respective electrically controllable lens portion. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s) may include a second liquid that is immiscible with the first liquid. The first liquid may have an interface with the second liquid, the shape of which depends on the electrical signal applied to the respective electrically controllable lens portion. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) may include an electrowetting lens, for example, as disclosed at www.corning.com / worldwide / en / products / advanced-optics / product-materials / corning-varioptic-lens / varioptic-technology.html.

[0069] The distance lens portion may have a negative optical power, optionally between -0.25D and -15D, and optionally between -0.25D and -10D. The distance lens portion optionally has a constant optical power when the lens is on the wearer's eye (when worn). Optionally, the optical power of the distance lens portion may be variable. For example, the distance lens portion may be operable between a first configuration in which the distance lens portion is configured to correct myopia and a different second configuration. The distance lens portion may be electrically controllable between the first and second configurations. The distance lens portion may include, for example, a liquid crystal cell operable (optionally electrically controllable) between a first configuration for myopia correction and a different second configuration.

[0070] The ophthalmic lens may be a contact lens, such as a hard contact lens or a soft contact lens. Soft contact lenses may be made of any suitable material, such as a silicone hydrogel material (also called "SiHy"). At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of a plurality) may be embedded within the lens material.

[0071] A contact lens can be designed to fit a desired orientation on a wearer's eye. For example, the contact lens can be ballasted. Optionally, a portion of the contact lens is heavier (compared to other portions), for example, due to a thicker lens material. During use, the heavier portion of the contact lens will rotate the lens so that the heavier portion is in a downward position.

[0072] The ophthalmic lens may be a lens for eyeglasses.

[0073] The ophthalmic lens may comprise a lens control module for controlling the operation of at least one electrically controllable lens portion. The ophthalmic lens may comprise a receiver for receiving instruction signals from a remote transmitter. The receiver may be capable of communicating with the lens control module. The ophthalmic lens may be provided with a power supply for providing power for the operation of the electrically controllable lens portion. If the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens and the spectacle lens is incorporated into a pair of glasses, the power supply may be provided in the pair of glasses. The glasses may be provided with a receiver for receiving commands from the remote transmitter.

[0074] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there may be provided a system for inhibiting the progression of myopia, including an ophthalmic lens according to the first aspect of the present invention and a user control module for controlling operation of the ophthalmic lens. The user control module may have a user interface for displaying information about operation of the lens and for controlling operation of the ophthalmic lens. The user control module may be provided on an electronic device such as a mobile phone, tablet, or other computing device. The user control module may be incorporated into a device such as a mobile phone. The user control module may be configured to communicate with (and optionally control) a transmitter for transmitting a signal to a receiver associated with the ophthalmic lens. Alternatively, the user control module may be a component of an eyeglass frame. In one example, the user control module may be included in an earpiece portion of the eyeglass frame and may include a switch for providing a signal from the transmitter to the receiver. The user control module may have a user-activatable switch for controlling operation of the ophthalmic lens. For example, the eyeglass frame may include such a switch. Such a switch may also be provided in contact lenses. The switch may be operable in response to a physiological movement such as blinking, predetermined eye movements, frowning or frown.

[0075] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pair of spectacles comprising at least one, and optionally two, ophthalmic lenses according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0076] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of inhibiting the progression of myopia, said method comprising providing to a wearer who (already) suffers from or is at risk of developing myopia an ophthalmic lens comprising at least one electrically controllable lens portion controllable to focus light at a second position.

[0077] The second position may, in use, be in front of the wearer's retina. Reference to the "second position" is made to correspond to the second position described above in relation to the lens of the first aspect of the invention.

[0078] Controlling one or more electrically controllable lens portions may typically involve applying an electrical signal to the one or more electrically controllable lens portions, typically applying a voltage or electric field across the liquid crystals of the one or more electrically controllable lens portions, to change the optical properties (e.g. optical power) of the one or more electrically controllable lens portions.

[0079] The method may comprise causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) to change its focus or optical power. The method may comprise causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) to focus light at a second location. In use, this location may be in front of the wearer's retina. The method may comprise causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) to focus light at a first location, the second location being closer to the lens than the first location. In use, the first location may be on the wearer's retina. The method may comprise causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion) to focus light at a third position that is further from the lens than both the first position and the second position. In use, the third position may be posterior to the wearer's retina.

[0080] Optionally, the method may comprise causing the at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions) to focus light at a second position closer to the lens than the first position, and causing the at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions) to focus light at the first position.

[0081] The method may comprise providing an ophthalmic lens according to the first aspect of the present invention. The ophthalmic lens may have one or more of the features of the lens of the first aspect of the present invention. For example, the ophthalmic lens may comprise a distance vision lens portion for correcting myopia. The distance vision lens portion may have an optical power of -0.25D to -10D.

[0082] The method may comprise placing an ophthalmic lens on an eye of a wearer, optionally placing a first ophthalmic lens on a first eye of the wearer and a second ophthalmic lens on a second eye of the wearer. The method may comprise spacing the ophthalmic lens to the eye of the wearer. The method may comprise spacing the first ophthalmic lens to the first eye of the wearer and spacing the second ophthalmic lens to the second eye of the wearer.

[0083] In a first operating state, optionally a zero-power operating state, at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions may focus light at a first position. In a second operating state, optionally a power-driven operating state, at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions may focus light at a second position that is closer to the lens than the first position. At least one of the electrically controllable lens portions may be operable between the first operating state and the second operating state. Alternatively, in the first operating state, optionally a zero-power operating state, at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions may focus light at a second position that is closer to the lens than the first position, and in the second operating state, optionally a power-driven operating state, at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions may focus light at the first position.

[0084] The method may include switching between a first operating state and a second operating state in response to a wearer's input. For example, a wearer may determine that it is desirable for at least one electrically controllable lens portion to focus light on the retina to improve distance vision. The method may include switching between the first operating state and the second operating state in response to one or more environmental inputs. For example, the environmental input may be a light level (e.g., ambient lighting level) or a time of day. For example, if the ambient lighting level falls below a predetermined level, the controllable lens portion may switch from the second operating state to the first operating state.

[0085] The method may comprise executing a treatment plan in the form of a set of instructions to thereby control one or more of the electrically controllable lens portions. The treatment plan may be determined by an ophthalmologist. The treatment plan may be determined with or without reference to one or more characteristics of the wearer's eye, such as the wearer's peripheral refractive error. The treatment plan may optionally be reviewed periodically, e.g., periodically. For example, the treatment plan may be reviewed after at least one month of treatment, optionally after at least six months of treatment, or optionally after at least twelve months of treatment.

[0086] The treatment plan may be determined with reference to at least one environmental factor, such as lighting levels, primary location of use (indoors or outdoors), etc. For example, if the wearer is indicated to wear the lenses primarily outdoors, the length of time that one or more of the electrically controllable lens portions is configured to focus light at a second location closer to the lens than the first location, optionally in front of the retina, may be shorter than if the wearer is indicated to wear the lenses primarily indoors.

[0087] The method may comprise causing the at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) to focus light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position for at least 1 hour per day, optionally at least 2 hours per day, optionally at least 3 hours per day, optionally at least 4 hours per day, and optionally at least 5 hours per day. The method may comprise causing the at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) to focus light to the second position closer to the lens than the first position for no more than 16 hours per day, optionally no more than 12 hours per day, optionally no more than 10 hours per day, optionally no more than 8 hours per day, and optionally no more than 6 hours per day.

[0088] Such daily treatment is optionally divided into one or more periods (optionally referred to as "treatment periods") during which at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) is caused to focus light at a second position closer to the lens than the first position, and one or more periods (optionally referred to as "rest periods") during which at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) is caused to focus light at the first position. A treatment period may optionally be immediately followed by a rest period. A rest period may optionally be immediately followed by a treatment period.

[0089] At least one treatment period, optionally multiple treatment periods, and optionally each treatment period (of multiple periods) can optionally be at least 15 minutes, optionally at least 30 minutes, optionally at least 45 minutes, optionally at least 60 minutes, optionally at least 90 minutes, optionally at least 120 minutes, optionally at least 240 minutes, optionally at least 300 minutes. At least one treatment period, optionally multiple treatment periods, and optionally each treatment period (of multiple periods) can be no longer than 720 minutes, optionally no longer than 600 minutes, optionally no longer than 480 minutes, optionally no longer than 360 minutes, and optionally no longer than 240 minutes. At least one treatment period, optionally multiple treatment periods, and optionally each treatment period (of multiple periods) can be 15 to 600 minutes, optionally 30 to 480 minutes, optionally 45 to 360 minutes, optionally 60 to 240 minutes, and optionally 120 to 240 minutes. The treatment periods can be the same as each other. The treatment periods can be different from each other.

[0090] At least one rest period, optionally multiple rest periods, and optionally each rest period (of the multiple) may optionally be at least 15 minutes, optionally at least 30 minutes, optionally at least 45 minutes, optionally at least 60 minutes, optionally at least 90 minutes, optionally at least 120 minutes, optionally at least 240 minutes, optionally at least 300 minutes. At least one rest period, optionally multiple rest periods, and optionally each rest period (of the multiple) may be no longer than 720 minutes, optionally no longer than 600 minutes, optionally no longer than 480 minutes, optionally no longer than 360 minutes, and optionally no longer than 240 minutes. At least one rest period, optionally multiple rest periods, and optionally each rest period (of multiple rest periods) may be between 15 and 600 minutes, optionally between 30 and 480 minutes, optionally between 45 and 360 minutes, optionally between 60 and 240 minutes, and optionally between 120 and 240 minutes. The rest periods may be identical to one another. The rest periods may be different from one another.

[0091] The method may comprise causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion) to focus light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position for a first period of time, optionally at least 15 minutes, optionally at least 30 minutes, optionally at least 45 minutes, optionally at least 60 minutes, optionally at least 90 minutes, optionally at least 120 minutes, optionally at least 240 minutes, optionally at least 300 minutes, The first period of time may be 720 minutes or less, optionally 600 minutes or less, optionally 480 minutes or less, optionally 360 minutes or less, and optionally 240 minutes or less. The first period of time may be from 15 to 600 minutes, optionally from 30 to 480 minutes, optionally from 45 to 360 minutes, optionally from 60 to 240 minutes, and optionally from 120 to 240 minutes.

[0092] The method may comprise causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion) to focus light at the first position for a second period of time, optionally at least 15 minutes, optionally at least 30 minutes, optionally at least 45 minutes, optionally at least 60 minutes, optionally at least 90 minutes, optionally at least 120 minutes, optionally at least 240 minutes, optionally at least 300 minutes, which may be 720 minutes or less, optionally 600 minutes or less, optionally 480 minutes or less, optionally 360 minutes or less, and optionally 240 minutes or less. The second period of time may be from 15 to 600 minutes, optionally from 30 to 480 minutes, optionally from 45 to 360 minutes, optionally from 60 to 240 minutes, and optionally from 120 to 240 minutes.

[0093] The method may comprise, after the second time period, causing the at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion(s)) to focus the light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position for a third time period. The third time period may have the characteristics described above in relation to the first time period. For the avoidance of doubt, the third time period need not be the same as the first time period.

[0094] The method may comprise, after the third time period, causing the at least one electrically controllable lens portion (and optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality)) to focus light at the first position for a fourth time period. The fourth time period may have the characteristics described above in relation to the second time period. For the avoidance of doubt, the fourth time period need not be identical to the second time period.

[0095] The method may comprise periodically detecting whether at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions is in a second operational state, and, if not in the second operational state, controlling the at least one electrically controllable lens portion to be in the second operational state. For example, the method may comprise detecting every one to three hours whether at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions is in the second operational state, and, if not in the second operational state, controlling the at least one electrically controllable lens portion to be in the second operational state. Alternatively, the method may comprise detecting at a particular time and / or date (e.g., a particular time of day each day) whether at least one of the electrically controllable lens portions is in the second operational state, and, if not in the second operational state, controlling the at least one electrically controllable lens portion to be in the second operational state.

[0096] At least one of the electrically controllable lens portions may be provided by a liquid crystal cell. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules may be switched between a first operating state and a second operating state. The ophthalmic lens may comprise a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions. Optionally, the plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and optionally each electrically controllable lens portion (of the plurality) is independently operable.

[0097] The present invention will now be described by way of example. FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F show an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 100. Lens 100 is a soft contact lens made of a high-refractive-index acrylamide polymer material having a refractive index of approximately 1.50, as disclosed in WO 2003 / 10267. However, the contact lens may be made of other materials. Lens 100 includes a distance vision lens portion 101 for correcting myopia. Distance vision lens portion 101 focuses light to a first position. Distance vision lens portion 101 is located at the center of lens 100 and is made of a high-refractive-index acrylamide polymer material. Distance vision lens portion 101 may have an optical power of -0.25D to -10D. The lens 100 comprises an electrically controllable lens portion 102 that is controllable to focus light to a second location that is closer to the lens 100 than the first location, the second location being typically in front of the wearer's retina.

[0098] The lens 100 includes a liquid crystal cell 110 (see, for example, FIG. 1E ) that provides an electrically controllable lens portion 102. The liquid crystal cell 110 and the electrically controllable lens portion 102 are substantially annular in shape. The liquid crystal cell 110 includes electrically conductive and optically transparent substrates 120, 121. Each of the substrates 120, 121 includes an optically transparent plastic support (not shown) on which a layer (not shown) of an optically transparent conductive material (in this case, indium tin oxide, also known as ITO) is deposited. Other optically transparent and electrically conductive materials may also be used. On each of the substrates 120, 121, an alignment layer 130, 131 is provided for aligning the liquid crystal 140. The alignment layer 130 (SE-1211 polymer, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) promotes homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal in the non-switching state. In homeotropic alignment, the director of the liquid crystal is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the plane of the substrates 120 and 121. The alignment layer 131 is composed of a 1:10 mixture of a polymer (SE-1211) that promotes homeotropic alignment in the non-switching state and a polymer (SE-3510, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) that promotes alignment in the planar state. The alignment layer 131 is formed by depositing the mixture of SE-1211 and SE-3510 on the substrate 121, heating the substrate, and then rubbing the alignment layer 131. Rubbing the alignment film imparts a preferred alignment of the liquid crystal when it is in the planar state (director parallel to the substrates 120 and 121), as shown in Figure 1F. Liquid crystal 140 is provided between the alignment films 130 and 131. The thickness of the liquid crystal 140 is approximately 30 μm. The liquid crystal is MLC-2081 (Merck). In Figures 1B, 1E and 1F, the cross section of the liquid crystal cell is shown as a straight line, but the liquid crystal cell has a biconcave shape.

[0099] When the electrically controllable lens portion 102 is in a non-switching state, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal cell 110 are in a homeotropic orientation, as shown in FIG. 1E. In this orientation, the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal 140 and electrically controllable lens portion is n (approximately 1.50 in this case), which matches the refractive index of the surrounding lens material. In this configuration, the electrically controllable lens portion 102 functions to focus light passing through the electrically controllable lens portion to a second position closer to the lens than the first position, i.e., a position in front of the wearer's retina. When a sufficiently high voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell 110, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is changed. In this regard, when a sufficiently high voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell 110, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules changes from a homeotropic orientation (as shown in FIG. 1E) to a planar orientation (as shown in FIG. 1F). It should be noted that MLC-2081 has a negative dielectric anisotropy and will switch from a homeotropic alignment to a planar alignment when a sufficiently high voltage is applied. The director of the liquid crystal when it is switched to a planar alignment is shown in Figures 1D and 1F. The alignment layer 131 is rubbed radially to give the liquid crystal 140 a preferred alignment when it is in the switching state (planar state). In the case of MLC-2081, n e Because n is approximately 1.72, when the liquid crystal 140 is in the planar alignment configuration, the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal 140 is greater than n and therefore greater than the refractive index of the surrounding lens material. In this case, because the refractive index of the liquid crystal cell is greater than the refractive index of the surrounding lens material and because the liquid crystal cell has a biconcave shape, the liquid crystal cell will provide greater negative optical power than when the liquid crystal is in a non-switching state. This causes light passing through the liquid crystal 140 to be focused at a first location on the retina. Research has shown that focusing light in front of the retina is an effective way to mitigate the progression of myopia.

[0100] The configuration of the director D of the liquid crystal 140 in the switching state is shown in FIG. 1D and is polarization independent insofar as the configuration is valid for all polarizations of light.

[0101] The change from the non-switching state to the switching state may be performed automatically. For example, the lens 100 may be configured to switch from the non-switching state to the switching state after a predetermined wearing period (e.g., one hour). Alternatively or additionally, the lens 100 may be configured to change from the switching state to the non-switching state periodically (e.g., for a set period of time (e.g., five minutes) at allotted intervals (e.g., every hour)). Alternatively or additionally, the lens 100 may be configured to change from the switching state to the non-switching state at a particular time of day or in response to particular environmental conditions. For example, the lens 100 may be configured to change from the non-switching state when ambient lighting levels are low (increasing the need for the electrically controllable lens portion 102 to focus light on the wearer's retina to improve distance vision). Conversely, the lens 100 may be configured to change from the switching state to the non-switching state in response to particular environmental conditions. For example, the lens 100 may be configured to change from the switching state to the non-switching state when ambient lighting levels exceed a predetermined level. In this regard, distance vision may be easier at high lighting levels and more difficult at low lighting levels, so in low ambient lighting conditions it may be beneficial for the electrically controllable lens portion to focus light onto the wearer's retina.

[0102] The operation of the lens 100 will now be described with reference to Figure 11. Figure 11 shows an example of a system for suppressing myopia according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system is generally designated by reference numeral 3000 and comprises the aforementioned lens 100 and a lens control module 3002. The lens 100 may be operated automatically. In this regard, the lens 100 is provided with a control module 150 for controlling the operation of the electrically controllable portion 102 (not shown). A power supply module 160 is provided for supplying power to the control module 150. The control module 150 is provided with instructions for controlling the operation of the electrically controllable portion 102, and the lens 100 may be operated automatically without further input from the wearer.

[0103] Additionally or alternatively, the lens 100 may be actuated based on wearer input. In this regard, the lens 100 is provided with an antenna 170 for receiving control commands for operation of the electrically controllable portion 102 from the wearer. The antenna 170 may be any suitable receiving antenna, such as a Wi-Fi antenna or a Bluetooth antenna. The wearer is provided with a lens control module 3002, which may be provided by a suitably programmed mobile phone 3001. The lens control module 3002 may include a display module 3004 that indicates the status of the lens 100 and a user input module 3003 that provides input for controlling the lens 100. The wearer may use the lens control module 3002 to control the lens 100. For example, the wearer may decide to improve distance vision by focusing light from the electrically controllable lens portion 102. The wearer may check the status of the lens 100 via the display module 3004. For example, the state of the lens 100 may be displayed as a "treatment mode" when the electronically controllable lens portion 102 is configured to focus light in front of the retina (i.e., second position), and may be displayed as a "distance vision mode" when the electronically controllable lens portion 102 is configured to focus light on the retina (i.e., first position).

[0104] 1D and 1F, when the lens 100 is in a non-switching state, the wearer may provide input via the user input module 3003. A signal may be processed by the lens control module 3002, transmitted from the mobile phone 3001 to the lens 100, and received by the antenna 170. At this time, the lens 100 may be switched from the non-switching state to the switching state.

[0105] The contact lens 100 described in connection with FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F can be manufactured as follows: A two-piece inert insert (not shown) is provided. The insert is composed of an anterior portion and a posterior portion, both of which are manufactured from an acrylamide elastomer (although other materials may be used). When the anterior and posterior portions of the insert are placed together, a cavity is formed between the anterior and posterior portions. This cavity serves as a cavity for housing a liquid crystal cell. The cavity is formed by providing a recess in one or both of the anterior and posterior portions of the insert. In this regard, a recess may be formed in the posterior portion of the anterior portion and / or in the anterior portion of the posterior portion. The recess is typically formed by molding. An electrically conductive, optically transparent substrate 120, 121 is formed on each of the anterior and posterior portions, for example, by deposition of indium tin oxide. Alignment layers 130, 131 can then be deposited on the substrates 120, 121. In this case, alignment layer 130 (SE-1211 polymer, Nissan Chemical Industries, Japan) promotes homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal in the non-switching state. Alignment layer 131 is composed of a 1:10 mixture of a polymer (SE-1211) that promotes homeotropic alignment in the non-switching state and a polymer (SE-3510, Nissan Chemical Industries, Japan) that promotes alignment in the planar state. Alignment layer 131 is formed by depositing the mixture of SE-1211 and SE-3510 on substrate 121, heating the substrate, and then rubbing (scrubbing) the alignment layer 131. Scrubbing the alignment layer imparts a preferred alignment of the liquid crystal when it is in the planar state (directors parallel to the substrates 120 and 121), as shown in FIG. 1F. Liquid crystal 140 is then provided between alignment layers 130 and 131. The front and rear sections of the insert are then bonded together, for example using plasma bonding. Electrical contacts are provided from the substrates 120, 121 to the outside of the insert for connection to a power source. The insert is then incorporated into a soft contact lens.Separate cavities may be provided for the receiving antenna, power supply, and any associated signal and power processing electronics. Conductive material, typically in the form of a thin layer, is provided to electrically connect the liquid crystal cell to the power supply and processing electronics.

[0106] Referring now to FIG. 2, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 illustrates an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 200. Lens 200 is a soft contact lens made from high refractive index acrylamide, although contact lenses may be made from other materials. Lens 200 includes a distance vision lens portion 201 for correcting myopia. Distance vision lens portion 201 is located in the center of lens 200 and is made from high refractive index acrylamide. Distance vision lens portion 201 may have an optical power of -0.25D to -10D and may focus light at a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Lens 200 includes two electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B that can be controlled to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B is semi-annular and controllable independently of the other. The second position to which light is focused need not be the same for the two electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B, but it can be. The lens 200 is heavier because the thickness of region B of the lens 200 is greater than the thickness of the rest of the lens. This region B can be understood as ballast. This ensures that the lens 200 always has the same orientation on the wearer's eye, with region B of the lens 200 in its lowest, or subjacent, position. The electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B are nasal and temporal portions, and are formed from liquid crystal cells substantially identical to those described above with respect to the lens 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The electrically controllable portions may be actuated essentially as described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F. An advantage of lens 200 is that the electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B may be actuated independently of each other and may be actuated independently to take into account asymmetries in the wearer's vision or ocular anatomy.The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B in the switched state may differ from each other, and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 202A, 202B in the non-switched state may also differ from each other, which may be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or liquid crystals of different thicknesses.

[0107] Referring now to FIG. 3, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 illustrates an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 300. Lens 300 is a soft contact lens made from a high refractive index acrylamide material, although contact lenses may be made from other materials. Lens 300 includes a distance vision lens portion 301 for correcting myopia. Distance vision lens portion 301 is located in the center of lens 300 and is made from a high refractive index acrylamide material. Distance vision lens portion 301 may have an optical power of -0.25D to -10D and may focus light at a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Lens 300 includes four electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, and 302D that can be controlled to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). The second position to which light is focused need not be the same for all four electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, and 302D, but it can be. Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, and 302D is quadrant and controllable independently of the others. Lens 300 is heavier because region B of lens 300 is thicker than the rest of the lens. Region B can be understood as ballast. This ensures that lens 300 always has the same orientation on the wearer's eye, with region B of lens 300 in its lowest position. The electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, 302D may be superior or inferior, nasal or temporal portions, and are formed from substantially the same liquid crystal cells as described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F. The electrically controllable portions may be actuated essentially similarly as described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F. An advantage of lens 300 is that the electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, 302D may be actuated independently of one another, and may be actuated independently to take into account asymmetries in the wearer's vision or ocular anatomy.The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, 302D in the switched state may differ from one another and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 302A, 302B, 302C, 302D in the non-switched state may also differ from one another, which may be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or liquid crystals of different thicknesses.

[0108] 4A and 4B, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described. Figures 4A and 4B show an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 400. Lens 400 is a soft contact lens made from a high refractive index acrylamide material, although the contact lens may be made from other materials.

[0109] Referring now to Figures 5A and 5B, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Figures 5A and 5B show an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 500. Lens 500 is a soft contact lens made from a high-refractive-index acrylamide material, although contact lenses may be made from other materials. Lens 500 includes a distance vision lens portion 501 for correcting myopia and focuses light at a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Distance vision lens portion 501 is located in the center of lens 500 and is made from a high-refractive-index acrylamide material. Distance vision lens portion 501 may have an optical power ranging from -0.25D to -10D. Lens 500 includes two electrically controllable lens portions 502A and 502B that can be controlled to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). The second position to which light is focused need not be the same for the two electrically controllable lens portions 502A, 502B, but may be the same. Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 502A, 502B is annular and independently controllable from the other. The electrically controllable lens portion 502B has a different optical power relative to the electrically controllable lens portion 502A, and the electro-optical response of the electrically controllable lens portion 502B is different from the electro-optical response of the electrically controllable lens portion 502A. The electrically controllable lens portions 502A, 502B are formed from liquid crystal cells substantially identical to those described above with respect to the lens 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The electrically controllable portions can be operated essentially similarly to those described above with respect to the lens 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. An advantage of lens 500 is that electrically controllable lens portions 502A, 502B can be actuated independently of one another, providing greater flexibility with respect to the amount of light that can be focused onto and in front of the wearer's retina. Such a configuration also provides greater flexibility with respect to the treatment options that can be offered to wearers who may experience progression of myopia.The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 502A, 502B in the switched state may differ from each other, and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 502A, 502B in the non-switched state may also differ from each other, which may be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or different thicknesses of liquid crystal.

[0110] The contact lenses of Figures 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B can be manufactured using the processes described above in relation to the contact lenses of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F, subject to appropriate selection of alignment layers to ensure that the liquid crystals have the correct orientation.

[0111] Next, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The liquid crystal cell has a biconcave cross section, as described above in connection with FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The alignment layer is provided by a rubbed polyimide, which promotes planar alignment of the liquid crystal in the non-switching state. The liquid crystal is a positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal, in this case E7 (Merck). In the non-switching state, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is approximately 1.7, which is very high compared to the refractive index of the surrounding lens material (silicone hydrogel) (approximately 1.42). This results in the liquid crystal cell providing a relatively high negative optical power, focusing light onto the wearer's retina. In the switching state, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is much lower (approximately 1.50). Because the difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal cell and the silicone hydrogel is less than in the non-switching state, the optical power of the liquid crystal cell in the switching state is less negative than in the non-switching state. In the switching state, this less negative optical power causes light to be focused at a second location, typically in front of the wearer's retina.

[0112] Referring now to FIG. 6, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 shows eyeglasses 650 including a frame 660 to which a left eye lens 610 and a right eye lens 600 for retarding the progression of myopia are attached (left and right refer to the positions when a person is wearing the eyeglasses, not the positions shown). The lenses 600, 610 are generally made of a suitable refractive plastic material known to those skilled in the art. Each lens 600, 610 includes a distance lens portion 601, 611 for correcting myopia, which focuses light to a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Each distance lens portion 601, 611 is located at the center of the respective lens 600, 601 and is made of a suitable refractive plastic material. The distance lens portion 601, 611 may have an optical power between -0.25D and -10D. Each lens 600, 610 includes one electrically controllable lens portion 602, 612 that is controllable to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 602, 612 is annular and biconcave in cross section. The electrically controllable lens portions 602, 612 are formed from liquid crystal cells substantially identical to those described above with respect to the lens 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The electrically controllable portions can be operated essentially similarly to those described above with respect to the lens 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The second location to which light is focused need not be, but may be, the same for the two electrically controllable lens portions 602, 612. The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 602, 612 in the switched state may differ from each other, and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 602, 612 in the non-switched state may also differ from each other, which may be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or by using liquid crystals of different thicknesses.

[0113] Referring now to FIG. 7, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 shows eyeglasses 750 including a frame 760 to which a left eye lens 710 and a right eye lens 700 for retarding the progression of myopia are attached. The lenses 700, 710 are generally made of a suitable refractive plastic material known to those skilled in the art. Each lens 700, 710 includes a distance vision lens portion 701, 711 for correcting myopia, which focuses light to a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Each distance vision lens portion 701, 711 is located at the center of the respective lens 700, 701 and is made of a suitable refractive plastic material. The distance vision lens portions 701, 711 may have an optical power between -0.25D and -10D. Each lens 700, 710 comprises two electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B that are controllable to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). The second location to which light is focused need not be the same for all four electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B, but may be the same. Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B is semi-annular and biconcave in cross section. The electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 712A are nasal portions, and the electrically controllable lens portions 702B, 712B are temporal portions. The electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B are formed from liquid crystal cells substantially identical to those described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F. The electrically controllable portions can be actuated essentially similarly as described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F. An advantage of lenses 700, 710 is that the electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B can be actuated independently of one another and can be actuated independently to take into account asymmetries in the wearer's vision or ocular anatomy.The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B in the switching state may differ from one another, and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 702A, 702B, 712A, 712B in the non-switching state may also differ from one another, which may be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or different thicknesses of liquid crystal.

[0114] Referring now to FIG. 8, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 8 shows eyeglasses 850 including a frame 860 to which a left eye lens 810 and a right eye lens 800 for retarding the progression of myopia are attached. The lenses 800, 810 are generally made of a suitable refractive plastic material known to those skilled in the art. Each lens 800, 810 includes a distance lens portion 801, 811 for correcting myopia, which focuses light to a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Each distance lens portion 801, 811 is located at the center of the respective lens 800, 801 and is made of a suitable refractive plastic material. The distance lens portions 801, 811 may have an optical power between -0.25D and -10D. Each lens 800, 810 comprises two electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B that are controllable to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). The second location to which light is focused need not be the same for all four electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B, but may be the same. Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B is semi-annular. The electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 812A are upper portions and the electrically controllable lens portions 802B, 812B are lower portions. The electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B are formed from liquid crystal cells substantially identical to those described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The electrically controllable portions can be actuated essentially similarly as described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. An advantage of lenses 800, 810 is that the electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B can be actuated independently of one another and can be actuated independently to take into account asymmetries in the wearer's vision or ocular anatomy.The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B in the switched state may differ from one another and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 802A, 802B, 812A, 812B in the non-switched state may also differ from one another, which may be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or different thicknesses of liquid crystal.

[0115] Referring now to FIG. 9, a further example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 9 shows eyeglasses 950 including a frame 960 to which a left eye lens 910 and a right eye lens 900 for retarding the progression of myopia are attached. The lenses 900, 910 are generally made of a suitable refractive plastic material known to those skilled in the art. Each lens 900, 910 includes a distance lens portion 901, 911 for correcting myopia, which focuses light to a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Each distance lens portion 901, 911 is located at the center of the respective lens 900, 901 and is made of a suitable refractive plastic material. The distance lens portions 901, 911 may have an optical power between -0.25D and -10D. Each lens 900, 910 comprises four electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D that are controllable to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). The second location to which light is focused need not be, but may be, the same for all eight electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D. Each of the electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D is quadrant toric. Electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 912A, 912B are nasal portions, and electrically controllable lens portions 902C, 902D, 912C, 912D are temporal portions. Electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902D, 912A, 912D are superior portions, and electrically controllable lens portions 902B, 902C, 912B, 912C are inferior portions. Electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D are formed from liquid crystal cells substantially identical to those described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. The electrically controllable portion can be operated essentially as described above with respect to lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F.An advantage of lenses 900, 910 is that the electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D can be actuated independently of one another, taking into account asymmetries in the wearer's vision or ocular anatomy. The optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D in the switching state can be different from one another, and the optical powers of the electrically controllable lens portions 902A, 902B, 902C, 902D, 912A, 912B, 912C, 912D in the non-switching state can also be different from one another. This can be achieved, for example, by using different liquid crystal materials and / or liquid crystals of different thicknesses.

[0116] Referring now to FIG. 10, another example of an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 illustrates an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 1000. Lens 1000 is a soft contact lens made from a silicone hydrogel material (SiHy), although contact lenses may be made from other materials. Lens 1000 includes a distance vision lens portion 1001 for correcting myopia, which focuses light to a first location (typically on the wearer's retina). Distance vision lens portion 1001 is located in the center of lens 1000 and is made from a silicone hydrogel material. Distance vision lens portion 1001 may have an optical power ranging from -0.25D to -10D. The lens 1000 comprises one electrically controllable lens portion 1002 that is controllable to focus light at a second location (typically in front of the wearer's retina). The electrically controllable lens portion 1002 is annular. The electrically controllable lens portion 1002 is formed from substantially the same liquid crystal cell as described above for the lens 100 of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F, with the following adjustment: Instead of the alignment layer 131 being rubbed radially (radially) to provide a preferred alignment of the liquid crystal 140 when the liquid crystal is in the switching state (planar state), the alignment layer 131 is rubbed circumferentially, in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 10. This circumferential rubbing means that the orientation of the director D of the liquid crystal in the switching state is indicated by the direction of the arrow in FIG. 10. This arrangement provides polarization-independent optical response, insofar as it is valid for all polarizations of light. The electrically controllable portion 1002 can be operated essentially as described above with respect to the lens 100 of Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F.

[0117] An example of a method for inhibiting the progression of myopia according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be exemplarily described with reference to Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F and 12. The method is generally designated by reference numeral 4000 and comprises the step (4001) of providing to a wearer who (already) suffers from myopia or is at risk of developing myopia an ophthalmic lens 100 having at least one electrically controllable lens portion 102 that is controllable to focus light at a second position (e.g., in front of the wearer's retina). In this case, the contact lens 100 is placed on the wearer's eye. The lens 100 is substantially the same as that described above in connection with Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E and 1F.

[0118] The method 4000 comprises the step (4002) of changing the focus and / or optical power of the electrically-controllable lens portion 102. In the method, the lens 100 is initially in a first operating state in which the electrically-controllable lens portion 102 focuses light at a second location (e.g., in front of the wearer's retina). At a predetermined time, the electrically-controllable lens portion 102 is switched from the first operating state to a second operating state. In the second operating state, the liquid crystals 140 of the liquid crystal cell 110 are switched from a homeotropic orientation to a planar orientation, as described above in connection with FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F. In the second operating state, the electrically-controllable lens portion 102 focuses light at a first location (e.g., on the retina). The lens 100 is maintained in the second operating state for a predetermined time, in this case 10 minutes, provided that no override is provided by the wearer.

[0119] Alternatively, in method 4000, the wearer may decide that it is desirable for the electrically-controllable lens portion 102 to focus light at a second location (in this case, in front of the retina). Accordingly, method 4000 comprises changing (4003) the electrically-controllable lens portion 102 from the second operating state to the first operating state by removing the switching voltage from the liquid crystal cell. At this point, the liquid crystal will return to the homeotropic orientation shown in Figures 1C and 1E.

[0120] A further example of a method for inhibiting the progression of myopia according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example. The method is generally designated by the reference numeral 4000 and comprises the step (4001) of providing to a wearer who (already) suffers from myopia or is at risk of developing myopia an ophthalmic lens 100 comprising at least one electrically controllable lens portion 102 that is controllable to focus light at a second position (optionally in front of the wearer's retina). In this case, a contact lens is placed on the wearer's eye or alternatively, spectacles are worn by the wearer.

[0121] The method 4000 comprises the step (4002) of changing the focus and / or optical power of the electrically controllable lens portion 102. In the method, the lens is initially in a first operating state in which the electrically controllable lens portion focuses light at a first location (in this case, on the wearer's retina) to provide corrected distance vision. At a predetermined time, the electrically controllable lens portion 102 is switched from the first operating state to a second operating state. In the second operating state, the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal cell are switched. In the second operating state, the electrically controllable lens portion focuses light at a second location (in this case, in front of the retina) that is closer to the lens than the first location. The lens 100 is maintained in the second operating state for a predetermined time, in this case, 10 minutes, provided that no override is provided by the wearer.

[0122] Alternatively, in method 4000, the wearer may determine that it is desirable for the electrically controllable lens portion to focus light at a first location (i.e., on the retina) to once again provide corrected distance vision, and therefore method 4000 comprises changing (4003) the electrically controllable lens portion from the second operating state to the first operating state by removing the switching voltage from the liquid crystal cell.

[0123] The above-described examples illustrate how a switchable liquid crystal cell can be used to change the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal cell, thereby changing the refractive index difference between the liquid crystal cell and the surrounding contact lens material, and thereby changing the effective optical power of the liquid crystal cell. In the above-described examples, the shape of the liquid crystal cell remains the same, in this case a biconcave shape. It is possible to provide an electrically switchable lens portion in which the refractive index difference between the lens material and the material of the electrically switchable lens portion remains the same, but the shape of the electrically switchable lens portion changes (and therefore the optical power of the electrically switchable lens portion changes). In this regard, further embodiments of ophthalmic lenses according to the present invention will be exemplarily described with reference to Figures 13A and 13B.

[0124] 13A and 13B show an ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, generally designated by the reference numeral 5000. The lens 5000 is a soft contact lens made of silicone hydrogel having a refractive index of approximately 1.42, although the contact lens may be made of other materials. The lens 5000 includes a distance vision lens portion 5001 for correcting myopia and focuses light at a first position (typically on the wearer's retina in use). The distance vision lens portion 5001 is located at the center of the lens 5000 and is made of silicone hydrogel. The distance vision lens portion 5001 may have an optical power of -0.25D to -10D. The lens 5000 includes an annular, electrically controllable lens portion 5002 that is controllable to focus light at a second position (typically in front of the wearer's retina) closer to the lens than the first position. The electrically controllable lens portion 5002 has a generally biconcave cross-section and is filled with a fluid having a refractive index of approximately 1.47 within the expandable chamber 5003. In the non-switching state shown in FIG. 13A , the volume of fluid within the expandable chamber 5003 is relatively small, resulting in a pronounced biconcave shape. Given that the refractive index of the fluid within the chamber is higher than that of the surrounding silicone hydrogel, the electrically controllable lens portion 5002 has a relatively high negative optical power that focuses light onto the wearer's retina. To achieve the switching state, more fluid is injected into the chamber 5003 from a reservoir (not shown) in fluid communication with the chamber 5003. This creates an electrically controllable lens portion 5002 with a less pronounced biconcave shape, which provides a smaller negative optical power than in the non-switching state and thereby focuses light in front of the wearer's retina. The reservoir (not shown) helps conserve volume within the chamber-reservoir system. The reservoirs are typically located at peripheral locations.

[0125] Where the foregoing description refers to integers or elements that have known, obvious, or foreseeable equivalents, such equivalents are hereby incorporated by reference as if individually set forth herein. Reference should be made to the claims to determine the true scope of the present disclosure. The claims should be construed to embrace all such equivalents. The reader will also understand that any integers or features of the present disclosure described as advantageous, convenient, or the like are optional and do not limit the scope of the independent claims. Furthermore, it should be understood that such optional integers or features may be beneficial in some embodiments of the present disclosure, but may be undesirable in other embodiments and, therefore, may not be present in other embodiments.

[0126] The above examples illustrate how liquid crystals can be used within an ophthalmic lens to control the focus of at least a portion of light passing through the lens. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other configurations can also be used. For example, a refractive medium can be introduced into or removed from a space, with the thickness of the space being variable depending on the amount of refractive medium introduced into the space.

[0127] The above examples illustrate how achiral nematic liquid crystals can be used in ophthalmic lenses. Those skilled in the art will recognize that chiral nematic liquid crystals and / or nematic liquid crystals doped with chiral dopants can also be used. Furthermore, other types of liquid crystals, such as smectic liquid crystals and discotic liquid crystals, can also be used.

[0128] The above examples show how liquid crystal cells with biconcave cross sections can be used. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other shapes, such as biconvex or convex-concave, can also be used.

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens for inhibiting the progression of myopia, a distance vision lens portion for correcting myopia by focusing light at a first location; at least one electrically controllable lens portion addressable to focus light to a second position closer to the lens than the first position; An ophthalmic lens comprising:

2. the distance vision lens portion is an inner lens portion; The at least one electrically controllable lens portion is optionally an outer lens portion.

2. The ophthalmic lens of claim 1.

3. The at least one electrically controllable lens portion is disposed inside the distance vision lens portion.

3. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 or 2.

4. Multiple electrically controllable lens sections Equipped with At least one of the plurality of electrically controllable lens portions is controllable to focus light at the second location.

4. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 1.

5. a first electrically controllable lens portion; and Second electrically controllable lens portion 5. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 4, comprising:

6. The first and second electrically controllable lens portions together form an annular shape.

6. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 5.

7. the first electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be a superior lens portion and the second electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be a inferior lens portion; or, the first electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be a nasal lens portion and the second electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be a temporal lens portion.

7. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 6.

8. The first and second electrically controllable lens portions are annular.

6. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 5.

9. First, second, third and fourth electrically controllable lens portions Equipped with each of the first, second, third and fourth electrically controllable lens portions having an annular sector; The annular sectors together form an annular shape.

5. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 4.

10. The first electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be a superior nasal portion, the second electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be an inferior nasal portion, the third electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be an inferior temporal portion, and the fourth electrically controllable lens portion is configured to be a superior temporal portion.

10. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 9.

11. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion is operable to provide a change in optical power of at least ±0.5D, optionally at least ±1.0D, optionally at least ±1.5D, and optionally at least ±2.0D.

11. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion is controllable to focus light at said first position.

12. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion is configured to focus light at the first position in the absence of an electrical signal to the electrically controllable lens portion.

13. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 12.

14. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion is configured to focus light at the second position in the absence of an electrical signal to the electrically controllable lens portion.

14. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 13.

15. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion is controllable to focus light at one of a plurality of different second positions and / or to focus light at one of a plurality of different third positions that are further from the lens than the first and second positions.

15. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion is user-controllable 16. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. At least one electrically controllable lens portion, optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions, and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion has a liquid crystal cell containing liquid crystals.

17. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. the liquid crystal cell has a first state; In the first state, the electrically controllable lens portion having the liquid crystal cell is configured to focus light at the first location.

18. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 17.

19. the liquid crystal cell is changeable between the first state and the second state; In the second state, the electrically controllable lens portion having the liquid crystal cell is configured to focus light at the second location.

19. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 18.

20. the liquid crystal is disposed between two surfaces; each of said two surfaces being provided with an alignment layer for orienting the liquid crystal; at least one alignment layer configured to align the liquid crystal in a homeotropic configuration; At least one alignment layer is configured to align the liquid crystal in a homeotropic configuration when the liquid crystal is in one of the switching state and the non-switching state, and to align the liquid crystal in a preferred planar configuration when the liquid crystal is in the other of the switching state and the non-switching state.

20. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 17 to 19.

21. the at least one electrically controllable lens portion includes a space for receiving a fluid and a fluid disposed within the space; the lens is operable to introduce fluid into and / or remove fluid from the space; The introduction and / or removal of a fluid results in a change in the shape of the interface between the fluid and the surrounding medium.

17. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

22. The ophthalmic lens is a contact lens.

22. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

23. The ophthalmic lens is a lens for glasses.

22. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

24. A system for inhibiting the progression of myopia, comprising: An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 23; a user control module for controlling operation of the ophthalmic lens; A system comprising:

25. At least one, optionally two, ophthalmic lenses according to claim 23 Glasses characterized by comprising:

26. A method for inhibiting the progression of myopia, comprising: Providing an ophthalmic lens to a wearer who suffers from or is at risk of developing myopia, the ophthalmic lens comprising at least one electrically controllable lens portion controllable to focus light to a second position, optionally in front of the wearer's retina. A method comprising:

27. causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion) to focus light at said second location, optionally in front of the wearer's retina; causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion) to focus light at a first location, optionally onto the wearer's retina; 27. The method of claim 26, comprising:

28. causing at least one electrically controllable lens portion (optionally a plurality of electrically controllable lens portions and / or optionally each electrically controllable lens portion) to focus light to a third position that is farther from the lens than the first and second positions; 28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, comprising:

29. In a first operating state, the at least one electrically controllable lens portion focuses light to a first location, optionally onto the wearer's retina; In a second operating state, the at least one electrically controllable lens portion focuses light to a second location, optionally in front of the wearer's retina; The method includes changing between the first and second operational states in response to a wearer input.

29. A method according to any one of claims 26 to 28.

30. providing a treatment plan including a set of instructions for controlling one or more electrically controllable lens portions; executing said set of instructions to thereby control said one or more electrically controllable lens portions; 30. The method according to any one of claims 26 to 29, comprising:

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