Methods and procedures for simultaneous transmission and reception

Abstract

One or more systems, methods, and devices for simultaneous transmission and reception are disclosed. [Solution] A wireless transceiver unit (WTRU) may have multiple antenna panels that enable different operating modes, such as simultaneous DL / DL (S-DD), simultaneous UL / UL (S-UU), and simultaneous DL / UL (S-DU). Furthermore, each panel of the WTRU can be used independently to communicate with multiple transmit and receive points simultaneously. The WTRU can achieve this by using transmit control indicators, reference signals, and monitoring techniques suitable for communication between multiple transmit and receive points.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 061,598, filed on August 5, 2020; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 094,731, filed on October 21, 2020; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 185,733, filed on May 7, 2021, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, in wireless communication systems, due to the continuous evolution of underlying technologies, there is a need to address new use cases arising from new hardware. For example, when transmission / reception technology can simultaneously perform two functions (e.g., transmission and / or reception), systems, devices, and methods are needed to address the details and protocols that enable this type of wireless communication.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] One or more systems, methods, and devices for simultaneous transmission and reception are disclosed herein. A wireless transmission and reception unit (WTRU) can have multiple antenna panels that can support different operating modes such as simultaneous downlink / downlink (S - DD), simultaneous uplink / uplink (S - UU), and simultaneous downlink / uplink (S - DU). Further, the WTRU can use each panel independently to communicate simultaneously with multiple transmission points and reception points. The WTRU can achieve this using transmission control indicators, reference signals, and monitoring techniques suitable for communicating with multiple transmission and reception points.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0004] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like elements. [Figure 1A]This is a system diagram showing an exemplary communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 1B] This is a system diagram showing an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used in the communication system shown in Figure 1A, according to one embodiment. [Figure 1C] This is a system diagram showing an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) that may be used in the communication system shown in Figure 1A according to one embodiment. [Figure 1D] This is a system diagram showing further exemplary RAN and further exemplary CN that may be used in the communication system shown in Figure 1A according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This diagram shows the three operating modes in a multi-panel WTRU. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of an extension to support simultaneous monitoring. [Figure 4A] This is an exemplary process flowchart for extending CSI reporting for mTRP using one or more techniques disclosed herein. [Figure 4B] This figure shows an example of an extension to CSI reporting for MTRP using one or more techniques described herein. [Figure 5] This figure shows an exemplary scenario of one or more embodiments disclosed herein relating to WTRU reporting information to one or more TRPs. [Figure 6] This figure shows an exemplary scenario of one or more embodiments of a WTRU supporting a TRP disclosed herein. [Figure 7] This is an exemplary process flowchart for simultaneous UL TX for two TRPs. [Figure 8] This figure shows a WTRU operating in S-DU mode using one or more different transmission patterns for uplink and downlink transmission. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0005] Figure 1A shows an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, message transmission, and broadcast to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filter OFDM, and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC).

[0006] As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 may include radio transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the internet 110, and other networks 112, but it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments intend any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a radio environment. For example, WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, all of which may be referred to as stations (STA), may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscriber-based units, pagers, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, netbooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspots or Mi-Fi devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearables, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated processing chain context), consumer electronic devices, and devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks. Any of WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may interchangeably be referred to as UE.

[0007] The communication system 100 may also include base stations 114a and / or base stations 114b. Each of the base stations 114a and 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks such as CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. For example, base stations 114a and 114b may be next-generation node B such as a base transceiver station (BTS), node B, eNode B (eNB), home node B, home eNode B, gNode B (gNB), new radio (NR) node B, site controller, access point (AP), wireless router, etc. Although base stations 114a and 114b are shown as single elements, it will be understood that base stations 114a and 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0008] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104, which may also include other base stations such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and / or network elements (not shown). Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals on one or more carrier frequencies which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of radio services to a particular geographic area which may be relatively fixed or change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver per sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may use multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0009] Base stations 114a and 114b may communicate with one or more WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d via an air interface 116, which may be any suitable radio communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0010] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, base stations 114a of RAN 104 and WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and may establish an air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0011] In one embodiment, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish an air interface 116 using Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0012] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, which may establish an air interface 116 using NR.

[0013] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions transmitted to and from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNB and gNB).

[0014] In other embodiments, base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity, WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Provisional Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Provisional Standard 95 (IS-95), Provisional Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN).

[0015] The base station 114b in Figure 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, home node B, home eNode B, or access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in local areas such as offices, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, aerial corridors (for use by drones), roads, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and WTRU 102c, 102d may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and WTRU 102c, 102d may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, base stations 114b and WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish picocells or femtocells using cellular-based RATs (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.). As shown in Figure 1A, base station 114b may have a direct connection to the internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access the internet 110 via CN 106.

[0016] RAN104 may communicate with CN106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, and mobility requirements. CN106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calls, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in Figure 1A, it will be understood that RAN104 and / or CN106 may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs using the same RAT or different RAT as RAN104. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN104 which may utilize NR radio technology, CN106 may also communicate with another RAN (not shown) using GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0017] CN106 may also function as a gateway for WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN108 may include a public switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices, and these networks and devices use a common communication protocol such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), the user datagram protocol (UDP), and / or the internet protocol (IP) of the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The network 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs that may use the same RAT as the RAN104 or a different RAT.

[0018] Some or all of the WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multimode capabilities (e.g., the WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, the WTRU102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that may use a cellular-based wireless technology and a base station 114b that may use IEEE802 wireless technology.

[0019] Figure 1B is a system diagram showing an exemplary WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any partial combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with one embodiment.

[0020] The processor 118 can be a general-purpose processor, a dedicated processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 can perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 can be coupled to a transceiver 120 that can be coupled to a transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B shows the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0021] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of radio signals.

[0022] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is shown as a single element in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may utilize MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving radio signals via the air interface 116.

[0023] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signal transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate the signal received by the transmit / receive element 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multimode capability. Therefore, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0024] The processor 118 of the WTRU102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input from these. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 may access information from any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132, and store data in such memory. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown), and store data in such memory.

[0025] The processor 118 may receive power from the power supply 134, but may also be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be any suitable device for supplying power to the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), a solar cell, a fuel cell, etc.

[0026] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) about the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or instead of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any preferred location determination method while maintaining consistency with one embodiment.

[0027] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. Peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensor may be one or more of the following: gyroscope, accelerometer, Hall effect sensor, magnetometer, orientation sensor, proximity sensor, temperature sensor, time sensor, geolocation sensor, altimeter, light sensor, touch sensor, barometer, gesture sensor, biometric sensor, humidity sensor, etc.

[0028] WTRU102 may include a full-duplex radio in which the transmission and reception of some or all of a signal (for example, associated with specific subframes of both UL (for example, for transmission) and DL (for example, for reception) may occur simultaneously and / or together. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via hardware (e.g., chokes) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., via a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In one embodiment, WTRU102 may include a half-duplex radio for the transmission and reception of some or all of a signal (for example, associated with specific subframes of either UL (for example, for transmission) or DL ​​(for example, for reception)).

[0029] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN104 and CN106 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN104 can communicate with WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c via the air interface 116 using E-UTRA wireless technology. RAN104 may also communicate with CN106.

[0030] RAN104 may include e-nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c, but it will be understood that RAN104 may include any number of e-nodes B while maintaining consistency with one embodiment. Each of e-nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, e-nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, e-node B160a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit radio signals to and / or receive radio signals from WTRU102a.

[0031] Each of the e-nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle wireless resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling, etc., in UL and / or DL. As shown in Figure 1C, the e-nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c may communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0032] The CN106 shown in Figure 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although these elements are shown as part of CN106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0033] The MME162 can be connected to each of the e-nodes B162a, 162b, and 162c in RAN104 via the S1 interface and can function as a control node. For example, MME162 may perform roles such as authenticating users of WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, and selecting gateways for specific services during the initial attachment of WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c. MME162 may also provide control plane functionality for switching between RAN104 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0034] The SGW164 can be connected to each of the eNode-B160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN104 via the S1 interface. The SGW164 can generally route and forward user data packets to and from WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c. The SGW164 can perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available to WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c, and managing and remembering the context of WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0035] SGW164 may be connected to PGW166, which may provide WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110 to facilitate communication between WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0036] CN106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN106 can provide WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit-switched network such as PSTN108 to facilitate communication between WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c and conventional terrestrial line communication devices. For example, CN106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between CN106 and PSTN108. In addition, CN106 can provide WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0037] Although the WTRU is shown as a wireless terminal in Figures 1A to 1D, in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal is intended to be able to use a wired communication interface (e.g., temporary or permanent) with a communication network.

[0038] In a typical embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0039] A WLAN in Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have access points (APs) of the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the APs. APs may have access to or interfaces with a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic within and / or outside the BSS. Traffic originating outside the BSS and destined for an STA may reach and be delivered to the STA via an AP. Traffic originating from an STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to an AP and then delivered to its respective destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be transmitted, for example, via an AP; a source STA may send traffic to an AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be transmitted between a source STA and a destination STA (for example, directly between them) via a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have APs, and STAs within or using IBSS (e.g., all STAs) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may be referred to herein as “ad hoc” communication mode.

[0040] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, an AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain typical embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. In the case of CSMA / CA, the STA, including the AP (e.g., all STAs), may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, that STA may be backed off. A single STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time on a given BSS.

[0041] High-throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, which may be formed, for example, through a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels.

[0042] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs can support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. The 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. In the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and time-domain processing can be performed separately for each stream. The streams may be mapped to two 80 MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of a receiving STA, the operation described above for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be transmitted to Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0043] Sub-1GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. Channel operating bandwidth and carrier are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using the non-TVWS spectrum. According to a typical embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter-type control / machine-type communications (MTC) such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, including support for specific and / or limited bandwidths (e.g., support only for that). MTC devices may include batteries with battery life exceeding a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0044] A WLAN system capable of supporting multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah includes a channel that can be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by an STA from among all STAs operating in a BSS that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the 802.11ah example, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for an STA (e.g., an MTC type device) that supports (e.g., only) the 1 MHz mode, even if other STAs in the AP and BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is busy, an STA (supporting only the 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP may consider the entire available frequency band to be busy, even if most of the available frequency band is idle.

[0045] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0046] Figure 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN104 and CN106 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN104 can communicate with WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c via the air interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN104 may also communicate with CN106. In general, any device that is not a WTRU can be considered a transmit / receive point (TRP). Additionally / alternatively, any device on the network side (e.g., RAN side) can be considered a TRP (e.g., base station, functional entity, etc.). A TRP may be any type of device capable of receiving and transmitting radio signals and may be involved in a beamset. A beamset may include one or more beams. This set of beams may be interchangeable with the beamsets discussed herein. For example, if the WTRU consists of two beamsets, it will be understood that the WTRU communicates with at least two TRPs, or in other words, that at least two TRPs are configured.

[0047] RAN104 may include gNB180a, 180b, and 180c, but it will be understood that RAN104 may include any number of gNBs while maintaining consistency with one embodiment. Each of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNB180a and 180b may use beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals to gNB180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, gNB180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive radio signals from WTRU102a. In one embodiment, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on the unauthorized spectrum, and the remaining component carriers may be on the authorized spectrum. In one embodiment, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB180a and gNB180b (and / or gNB180c).

[0048] WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with an expandable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol intervals and / or OFDM subcarrier intervals may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or expandable lengths (e.g., varying numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying durations of absolute time).

[0049] In one example, multiple base stations (e.g., gNB180a, 180b, 180c) / TRPs may coordinate / configure to communicate with a single WTRU, resulting in a multi-TRP (mTRP) scheme. This may be particularly useful for WTRUs having multiple antenna panels (e.g., WTRU102a and 102b) that can enable (one or more) multi-panel simultaneous transmit and / or receive. Multiple panels can take advantage of multi-TRP operation, where the directivity of the WTRU antennas can be used to target two or more TRPs simultaneously at one time (e.g., WTRU102a communicates with gNB180a and gNB180b). In some exemplary use cases, where (one or more) multi-panel simultaneous transmit and / or receive in mTRP may be advantageous, these may include WTRU mobility, WTRU rotation, maximum allowable radiation (MPE), improved reliability, and improved spectral efficiency. Alternatively / additionally, any approaches disclosed herein for addressing these use cases may also be used in single-TRP scenarios.

[0050] gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can be configured to communicate with WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c in standalone and / or non-standalone configurations. In a standalone configuration, WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., e-nodes B160a, 160b, and 160c). In a standalone configuration, WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can utilize one or more of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with gNB180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with and connect to gNB180a, 180b, and 180c, while also communicating with and connecting to other RANs such as enodes B160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c can implement DC principles for substantially simultaneous communication with one or more gNB180a, 180b, and 180c and one or more enodes B160a, 160b, and 160c. In a non-standalone configuration, enodes B160a, 160b, and 160c can function as mobility anchors for WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c, while gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can provide additional coverage and / or throughput to service WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0051] Each of the gNB180a, 180b, and 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, network slice support, interaction between DC, NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPFs) 184a and 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs) 182a and 182b, and so on. As shown in Figure 1D, the gNB180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0052] The CN106 shown in Figure 1D may include at least one AMF182a, 182b, at least one UPF184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF)183a, 183b, and optionally a Data Network (DN)185a, 185b. Although the aforementioned elements are shown as part of CN106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0053] AMF182a and 182b may be connected to one or more of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN104 via the N2 interface and may function as control nodes. For example, AMF182a and 182b may play roles such as user authentication for WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selection of SMF183a and 183b for registration, management of registration areas, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signals, and mobility management. Network slicing may be used by AMF182a and 182b to customize CN support for WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of service utilizing WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and services for MTC access. AMF182a, 182b may provide control plane functionality for switching between RAN104 and other RANs (not shown) using other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0054] SMF183a and 183b may be connected to AMF182a and 182b in CN106 via the N11 interface. SMF183a and 183b may also be connected to UPF184a and 184b in CN106 via the N4 interface. SMF183a and 183b may select and control UPF184a and 184b and configure the routing of traffic through UPF184a and 184b. SMF183a and 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing DL data notifications. PDU session types may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0055] UPF184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of gNB180a, 180b, 180c in RAN104 via an N3 interface, which may provide WTRU102a, 102b, 102c with access to a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110 to facilitate communication between WTRU102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF184, 184b may perform other functions such as packet routing and forwarding, enforcement of user plane policies, support for multi-homed PDU sessions, processing of user plane QoS, buffering of DL packets, and mobility anchoring.

[0056] CN106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN106 may include, or communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that functions as an interface between CN106 and PSTN108. In addition, CN106 can provide WTRU102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, WTRU102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local DN185a, 185b via UPF184a, 184b through an N3 interface to UPF184a, 184b and an N6 interface between UPF184a, 184b and DN185a, 185b.

[0057] With regard to Figures 1A-1D and the corresponding descriptions in Figures 1A-1D, one or more of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRU102a-d, base stations 114a-b, e-nodes B160a-c, MME162, SGW164, PGW166, gNB180a-c, AMF182a-b, UPF184a-b, SMF183a-b, DN185a-b, and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0058] Emulation devices may be designed to implement testing of one or more other devices in a laboratory and / or operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless network to test other devices in a communications network. One or more emulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless network. Emulation devices may be directly coupled to another device for the purpose of testing and / or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communication.

[0059] One or more emulation devices may perform one or more functions, including all of the above, while not implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, an emulation device may be used in a test laboratory test scenario, and / or in a wired and / or wireless communication network that is not deployed (e.g., for testing purposes), to implement testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0060] In general, in new radio (NR), the beam management framework may be defined to support beam pairing between the WTRU and the base station (e.g., gNB). In NR iterations, communication / transmit modes based on multiple transmit / receive points (multi-TRP or mTRP) may be used to support multi-downlink transmits. However, in some cases, the beam management operation may be the same as or identical to that of conventional implementations and may not need to be modified to support beam management in multi-TRP scenarios.

[0061] Considering NR in FR2 operation, and given that implementations of WTRUs with multiple panels may be more common in FR2, some aspects of MIMO extensions may need to address multi-panel WTRU transmission and reception. Among the issues related to multi-panel WTRUs, an approach to simultaneous transmission and / or reception (one or more) is required.

[0062] In multi-TRP transmission schemes, there may be several motivations for supporting simultaneous transmission and / or reception of (one or more) multi-panel systems. For example, mobility, WTRU rotation, maximum allowable emission (MPE), improved reliability, and improved spectral efficiency are all included in some exemplary potential use cases for simultaneous transmission and / or reception of (one or more) multi-panel systems. Furthermore, any approaches disclosed herein for addressing these use cases may also be reused in single-TRP scenarios.

[0063] Figure 2 is an illustrative diagram showing three different modes of simultaneous transmission and / or reception (one or more), including 201 Simultaneous DL / DL (S-DD), 202 Simultaneous UL / UL (S-UU), and 203 Simultaneous DL / UL (S-DU). In these three scenarios, each UL or DL ​​transmission can carry control information or data information. For example, in S-DD mode, a WTRU with multiple panels can simultaneously receive two PDSCHs, or a PDSCH and a PDCCH, or two PDCCHs, each transmitted from a different TRP. Similarly, D-UU mode may be simultaneous transmission of two PUSCHs, or two PUCCHs, or a PUSCH and a PUCCH, each transmitted on different panels targeting different TRPs. S-DU is a mode in which a WTRU can simultaneously transmit a PUSCH or PUCCH on one panel and receive a PDSCH or PDCCH on another panel.

[0064] Each of these scenarios can impose different constraints on the interaction between the WTRU and TRP, as well as on how different resources are configured, activated, and used. As disclosed herein, there may be different scenarios and potential constraints to consider in addressing efficient beam management processes for multi-panel WTRUs in multi-TRP deployments.

[0065] In some cases, the beam management framework may include a process for pairing a WTRU beam with a TRP beam. However, these approaches need to be optimized for mTRP scenarios using multi-panel WTRUs, where several transmit configurations may be considered. Previous implementations of transmit configuration indicators (TCIs) and spatial relationship frameworks cannot address WTRUs with multiple panels. Multiple panels can utilize multi-TRP operation, where the directivity of the WTRU antenna can be used to target two or more TRPs simultaneously. For example, a WTRU with multiple panels can simultaneously receive signals transmitted from different TRPs, each at a time. Similarly, a WTRU can simultaneously transmit two signals that may be transmitted on different panels, each targeting a different TRP. A WTRU may also be able to transmit on one panel and receive on another simultaneously. For each of these scenarios, it is necessary to address how the WTRU may need to behave when selecting spatial filters with simultaneous operation for multiple panels. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, these problems are solved, and there may be several approaches and procedures related to three different simultaneous transmit scenarios and other features necessary to address these problems.

[0066] In some embodiments, methods may be available for S-DD transmit modes. The transmit control indicator (TCI) framework may take into account, for example, simultaneous TX by WTRU. In legacy systems, the TCI state may be composed of QCL assumptions according to the source RS. The source RS can determine the spatial transmit filter used. In the case of simultaneous transmission, a WTRU may have the ability to receive two or more TCI states simultaneously at one time. However, in legacy systems, the transmitter cannot know which TCI states can be received simultaneously by the WTRU. In the approach disclosed herein, in order to schedule multiple transmissions to the WTRU, the TCI framework can configure TCI states for S-DD operation so that the WTRU can determine which TCI states are valid, and therefore the transmitter can select a subset of TCI states from all available states that the WTRU can receive.

[0067] In some situations, there may be one or more TCI configurations that have WTRU panel indices. A TCI configuration may include panel indices as part of the TCI configuration, where the panel indices point to WTRU panels. A WTRU can determine the TCIs received on each of its panels based on the TCIs and their associated panel indices. Panel indices can provide a link between TCI states and WTRU panels, and TCI states may be received on different panels. A transmitter can determine which TCI states belong to different panels and schedule TCIs that may be transmitted simultaneously. A WTRU can use panel indices to provide associations between RX panels and source RSs. For example, a single WTRU may have multiple panels, and a WTRU may use multiple panels to receive TCIs simultaneously from different source RSs.A panel index may be constructed using TCI as one or more of the following: an explicit panel ID associated with a WTRU panel, and / or the WTRU may receive a panel ID with a TCI (for example, in a DCI, or the WTRU may determine this based on MAC CE); an index to groups of RSs, where the WTRU may use an RS group index as an implicit panel index, and in particular the RS group index may be used to determine the panels associated with an RS, and the TRP may construct groups of RSs using the index, and / or the TRP may include different RSs linked to the same WTRU panel in the group; and a UL TCI, where the UL TCI may be constructed explicitly or implicitly with WTRU panels, and the UL TCI may be linked to a DL TCI, and the panel index for the DL TCI is UL A TCI code point table determined through association with a TCI state; and / or indexed by a panel, wherein the WTRU may consist of two TCI code point tables, each of which may be associated with a panel, and the WTRU may use TCIs from separate tables to receive simultaneously, and / or the TCI code point tables may be linked to each other so that the WTRU may determine a TCI code point from one table based on another code point table.

[0068] In some situations, there may be a default WTRU behavior for S-DD beam selection. A WTRU received in S-DD can tune its spatial receive filter to match the spatial transmit filter used by the transmitter. A WTRU can use one spatial receive filter for each transmitter spatial filter. A WTRU may need a way to determine which pair of spatial transmit filters is used for scheduling in S-DD mode.

[0069] In some cases, a WTRU can determine a pair of transmit filters in one or more ways, including explicit beampair designation and / or default beampair determination. In explicit beampair designation, a single DCI may include explicit indices for both spatial transmit filters for S-DD transmission, and the spatial transmitter index may include an RS index (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS) and / or a TCI configured for DL ​​or UL, and the WTRU may use the interrelationship to determine its spatial receive filter based on the UL TCI, or it may use the DL TCI directly.

[0070] In default beam pair determination, the WTRU can determine the default S-DD beam pair based on the configuration. The default beam pair may be determined based on one or more factors.

[0071] One factor may be the traffic type. For example, a URLLC traffic type may have one default beam pair configured, and an eMBB traffic type may also have one default beam pair configured.

[0072] One factor may be a basic S-DD pair, and a WTRU may consist of a basic S-DD pair. For example, a WTRU may be pre-configured with RS1 and RS2 as a basic S-DD pair, and a WTRU can use a basic S-DD pair whenever it is scheduled in S-DD mode without an explicit S-DD pair being specified. A WTRU may also decide to use a basic S-DD pair as a fallback. For example, a WTRU may decide that HARQ retransmissions may be sent using a basic S-DD pair. Each HARQ process may consist of a basic S-DD pair so that the WTRU can determine the basic S-DD pair based on the HARQ process number.

[0073] One factor may be related to the last instruction, and the WTRU can determine the default filter pair based on the previous history of spatial transmit filters within parameter T or K, where T is a time window in seconds and K is an integer of scheduling opportunities. In one example, the WTRU can determine the current S-DD RS pair as corresponding to the last S-DD RS pair instruction used within the parameter. For example, the previous S-DD was scheduled with RS1 and RS2. The same pair may be used in the next scheduling instance, and the WTRU can implicitly know this. In one example, the WTRU may consist of a time T or count K value to determine which spatial filters may be used. For example, the WTRU can determine RS pairs that can be received simultaneously by searching based on a criterion within a period of T seconds or K scheduling instances. For example, the WTRU can count the most used pair, or the pair with the highest received signal quality (e.g., RSRP), or the pair with the fewest faults / retransmissions, etc. In one example, the WTRU can determine that the last two RSs received on different panels can be used as an S-DD pair.

[0074] One factor may be a Bandwidth Part (BWP) ID, and the Bandwidth Part may be configured in S-DD mode, and the WTRU can determine the TCI based on the BWP-ID. For example, the BWP-ID may be linked to a TCI value for S-DD mode, or a pair of TCI values.

[0075] One factor may be the serving cell ID, which is configured for S-DD mode and may be linked to the base TCI status ID, and the WTRU can determine the TCI value or pair of TCI values ​​for the serving cell ID.

[0076] One factor may be a slot format indicator (SFI), and the WTRU may receive an SFI which may constitute a slot for S-DD mode, and the TCI may be associated with the SFI. The WTRU can determine the TCI for S-DD based on the SFI.

[0077] One factor may be the CORESETpoolindex, and WTRU can determine the TCI or TCI pair for S-DD based on the CORESETpoolindex. The basic S-DD pair may also be associated with the CORESETpoolindex, and WTRU can implicitly determine the basic S-DD pair from the CORESETpoolindex.

[0078] Similarly, for S-UUs, the WTRU can determine its spatial transmit filter using default rules configured on the same basis as those disclosed herein in relation to S-DDs. In S-DDs, the WTRU can determine its spatial receive filter, while in S-UUs, the WTRU can determine its spatial transmit filter. The rules for default WTRU behavior for S-DD spatial filter selection can be applied to S-UU spatial filter selection.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, there may be a method for supporting simultaneous monitoring of RSs. Using S-DD mode, multiple RSs may be transmitted simultaneously, and the WTRU can monitor multiple RSs simultaneously, such as CSI-RS or SSB. The WTRU can use multiple panels for simultaneous reception, each panel capable of receiving RSs. The WTRU can perform measurements on each RS. In some cases, it may be beneficial to perform measurements simultaneously rather than one at a time. In addition, this can shorten the length of the beam sweep procedure by enabling simultaneous measurements per panel.

[0080] In some situations, monitoring may be performed by the WTRU switching its receive filter. Specifically, one RS resource set may consist of a flag that identifies whether the RS resources in the set can be used for S-DD mode. The WTRU may determine that any subset of RS resources from a set containing the S-DD flag can be monitored simultaneously, and the WTRU may decide to switch its spatial receive filter based on the resource set. The RS resource set may include CSI-RS, SSB, or any other known signals.

[0081] Figure 3 shows an example of an extension to support simultaneous monitoring. As shown, a CSI-RS resource set may consist of an S-DD mode and flags for two resources, CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2 (e.g., 310). CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2 may be configured with different periodicities that partially overlap, such that in some time instances only CSI-RS1 is transmitted (e.g., 301), in other time instances only CSI-RS2 is transmitted (e.g., 302), and in other time instances CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2 are transmitted simultaneously (e.g., 303). The WTRU can switch its receiving mode from single-panel to simultaneous receiving mode when it determines that CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2 are transmitted on the same time instance and the S-DD flag is on (e.g., as shown in 303 in Figure 3). The WTRU can activate / deactivate or turn on / off its panels to switch between single-panel and S-DD receive modes based on the activated CSI-RS resource set and the time instance in which the resources are transmitted. The WTRU can adjust its spatial receive filter differently for CSI-RS1 when it is received alone, rather than when it is transmitted simultaneously with CSI-RS2. Alternatively, the WTRU can determine that resources in a CSI-RS resource set with S-DD off may be received on a single panel (e.g., panel 1). The WTRU can adjust its best spatial receive filter for panel 1 when receiving CSI-RS1 or CSI-RS2 and decide to ignore times with simultaneous reception, or the WTRU may follow priority rules for monitoring one RS (e.g., prioritizing CSI-RS1 over CSI-RS2). However, when S-DD is configured, the WTRU can determine that resources may be received on different panels, and the WTRU can adjust its (e.g., best) spatial receive filter for panel 1 to receive CSI-RS1, and its (e.g., best) spatial filter for panel 2 to receive CSI-RS2.

[0082] In some situations, RSs may be associated with a pool or TCI for simultaneous monitoring. Specifically, one RS resource may consist of a pool index, which may be shared by multiple TRPs or multiple panels in one TRP, and the WTRU may determine that (e.g., two) RS resources linked to different pool indexes can be received simultaneously. RS resources may be grouped according to having the same pool index so that the WTRU can simultaneously monitor RSs composed of different pool indexes. For example, an RS from a pool with index 1 may be linked to an RS from a pool with index 2, and the WTRU may determine that the RS from index 1 can be monitored simultaneously to an RS from index 2. Resources within a pool may belong to the same TRP or different TRPs. The WTRU may determine which RSs can be monitored simultaneously based on CORESETpoolindex. For example, in the case of a single DCI scheduling simultaneous transmissions from multiple TRPs, CORESETpoolindex=0 may consist of RS1 from TRP1 and RS2 from TRP2. A WTRU can determine that RS1 and RS2 can be monitored simultaneously if the WTRU is scheduled with resources from a CORESET having CORESETpoolindex=0. Alternatively, RS may be linked to a TCI, and the WTRU can determine which RS should be monitored simultaneously based on the TCI. For example, a WTRU can determine that it is scheduled with a TCI corresponding to one source RS to determine its spatial receive filter for PDSCH, and the TCI may be associated with one or more RS to monitor. For example, a WTRU can determine that RS1 and RS2 are linked to a TCI state, and the WTRU can monitor RS1 and RS2 simultaneously when the TCI state is activated.

[0083] In one or more embodiments, the number of beams for simultaneous reception (Br) and the number of beams for simultaneous transmission (Bt) may be used to determine the best RS during the operating mode for beam management.

[0084] A beamgroup may be used, defined, or configured, and a beamgroup may be referred to by at least one of the following: the beams of a beamgroup may be received or transmitted simultaneously (e.g., received or transmitted on the same symbol or slot), and each beam of a beamgroup may belong to a different antenna panel; a single beam of a beamgroup may be received or transmitted at one time, and all beams of a beamgroup may belong to the same antenna panel.

[0085] In some cases, beam groups may be defined, determined, used, or configured separately for transmission and reception. For example, a Tx beam group and an Rx beam group may be used.

[0086] The number of beams in a beamgroup (e.g., Br, Bt) may be determined based on one or more of the following: the number of panels used, determined, or implemented in the WTRU or gNB; capability indications from the WTRU; higher-layer configurations from the gNB or other network entities / nodes / modules; and / or the number of TRPs for co-transmission and / or reception.

[0087] A beamgroup may be defined or used as a beamgroup index, beamgroup identification information, beams from the same panel, beams associated with the same panel identification information, beams from the same TRP, beams associated with the same TRP identification information, and / or beams from the same cell. In some cases, a beamgroup may include a single beam.

[0088] As disclosed herein, beam groups can be used interchangeably with beam sets, beam subsets, beam pairs, Tx / Tx beam pairs, and Rx / Rx beam pairs.

[0089] In one situation, one or more beam groups may be used, and the number of beams in each beam group may differ. For example, the first beam group may contain B1 beams, and the second beam group may contain B2 beams, where B1 ≠ B2. In this situation, one or more of the following may be true: the first beam group may contain a single beam (e.g., B1=1), the second beam group may contain multiple beams (e.g., B2>1), where B2 may be the same number as the number of active panels or active TRPs; and / or the WTRU may determine a beam group (e.g., beam group identification information) from one or more beam groups configured or used based on one or more factors.

[0090] One or more factors for determining the beam group may include one or more of the following: the measurement quality of beams from one or more panels or TRPs; the number of configured (one or more) CORSET pool indices; the number of active panels; and / or the number of TRPs for co-transmitting / receiving.

[0091] Regarding the measurement quality of beams from one or more panels or TRPs, for example, the WTRU can measure beam reference signals from different panels or TRPs, and if the gap between the measurement results of the different beam reference signals is greater than a threshold, the first beam group may be used. Otherwise, the second beam group may be used. Additionally / alternatively, the measurement quality may be based on L1-RSRP or L1-SINR. Additionally / alternatively, the beam reference signal from the panel or TRP may be a reference signal composed of panel identification information or TRP identification information.

[0092] Regarding the number of configured CORESET pool indexes, for example, WTRU may use or determine a first beam group if a single CORESET pool index is used or configured, and WTRU may use or determine a second beam group if multiple CORESET pool indexes are used or configured. Additionally / alternatively, a CORESET pool index may be configured per CORESET.

[0093] Regarding the number of active panels, for example, the WTRU may use or determine a first beamgroup if the number of active panels is below a threshold. Otherwise, the WTRU may use or determine a second beamgroup, the first beamgroup may have fewer beams than the second beamgroup. In addition, alternatively, the threshold may be pre-determined (e.g., 1), pre-configured, configured, or indicated. Additionally / alternatively, the number of active panels may be determined based on at least one of the following: WTRU capability indication; WTRU reporting (e.g., periodic, aperiodic, semi-permanent); gNB indication (e.g., configuration); operating mode (e.g., low-power mode, normal power mode); frequency range (e.g., FR1, FR2); and / or the number of active bandwidth portions.

[0094] Regarding the number of TRPs for co-transmission / reception, for example, a WTRU may use or decide to use a first beam group if the number of TRPs for co-transmission / reception is below a threshold. Otherwise, the WTRU may use or decide to use a second beam group. Additionally / alternatively, the number of TRPs for co-transmission / reception may be determined based on at least one of the following: the number of CORESET pool indices used or configured; and / or the number of PCIDs associated with configured CORESETs (for example, each CORESET may consist of physical cell identification information (PCIDs), and the number of PCIDs may be the number of PCIDs used or configured for one or more configured CORESETs).

[0095] In one situation, one or more beam groups may be used, and the WTRU may determine a beam group from the one or more beam groups used, and the determined beam group may be used or applied to one or more of the following: beam measurement reporting; joint or simultaneous reception of downlink channels and signals using different beams; and / or joint or simultaneous reception of uplink channels and signals using different beams.

[0096] Regarding beam measurement reports, in one example, there may be a number of beams to report. For example, WTRU may be configured to report Br beams as a report configuration, and Br may be determined based on a determined group of beams. In another example, there may be several reference signals to be measured simultaneously. For example, one or more reference signals may consist of the same periodicity, slots, and / or symbols, and the number of reference signals to be measured simultaneously may be determined based on a determined group of beams.

[0097] With regard to joint or simultaneous reception of downlink channels and signals using different beams, for example, there may be multiple CORESET pool indices used. For instance, a single CORESET pool index may be used when the first beam group is determined. Otherwise, multiple CORESET pool indices may be used. Furthermore, a CORESET composed of one or more CORESET pool indices that can be configured. A first CORESET pool index may be used when a first beam group is determined or used, a second CORESET pool index may be used when a second beam group is determined or used, and so on. In one example, there may be several TCI states shown in the DCI. For example, when a first beam group is determined or used, a single TCI state may be shown for PDSCH reception, and when a second beam group is determined or used, multiple TCI states may be shown for PDSCH reception.

[0098] With regard to joint or simultaneous transmission of uplink channels and signals using different beams, in one example there may be several spatial relational information (e.g., SpatialRelationInfo or SRI) for the uplink channel or signal. For example, when a first beam group is used or determined, a single spatial relational information or SRI may be used / indicated for uplink transmission (e.g., PUCCH, SRS, PUSCH), and when a second beam group is used or determined, multiple spatial relational information or SRIs may be used / indicated for uplink transmission. In one example, the uplink channel or signal may consist of one or more spatial relational information or SRI groups, the first spatial relational information group or SRI group may be used when the first beam group is determined or used, and the second spatial relational information group or SRI group may be used when the second beam group is determined or used. For example, the first spatial relation information group or SRI group may contain a single spatial relation information or SRI, and the second spatial relation information group or SRI group may contain two or more spatial relation information or SRIs. Furthermore, which spatial relation information group or SRI group to use may be determined based on the beam group to be determined or used. In one example, the digit bits of the SRI field of the DCI may be determined based on the beam group to be determined or used.

[0099] In one scenario, techniques for CSI reporting may be available. Specifically, the CSI reporting function may be extended to optimize reception from different panels on the WTRU side and / or transmission from different TRPs on the network side. Furthermore, the extension may, when configured in such a way, cause the WTRU to provide beam-related information that satisfies desired microdiversity requirements (e.g., multi-TRP transmission and / or multi-panel reception).

[0100] As disclosed herein, beam-related information may include at least CSI-RS resource indicators (CRI), SSB resource indicators (SSBRI), panel indications used for reception at the WTRU (e.g., panel identification information or group identification information), measured values ​​such as L1-RSRP and L1-SINR obtained from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR), and other channel status information such as rank indicators (RI), channel quality indicators (CQI), and precoding matrix indicators (PMI).

[0101] A WTRU may consist of at least one set of CSI-RS or SSB resources for the purpose of reporting beam-related information. CSI-RS resources may consist of additional TRP indices. Equivalently, each of the at least one set of CSI-RS may be associated with a TRP index. A WTRU can measure and report beam-related information assuming reception from a specific panel or group identification. The panel or group identification may be defined such that the beam-related information is valid for simultaneous reception (e.g., using different spatial filters) when corresponding to different panel or group identification. A WTRU can associate panel identification with reception from a specific physical antenna panel, or with reception from any combination of antennas that meet the requirements for simultaneous reception for other panel identification.

[0102] The WTRU may be configured to report beam-related information for each of a particular set of TRP indices and / or each of a particular set of panel or group identification information. The WTRU may also be configured to report for a particular set of combinations of TRP indices and panel or group identification information. The set of TRP indices and / or sets of panel or group identification information, or combinations thereof, applicable to a particular report may be configured by the RRC (e.g., as part of the reporting configuration) and / or signaled by the MAC (e.g., as part of the MAC control element) and / or the physical layer (e.g., from a non-periodic CSI request field of the DCI, whose possible values ​​are mapped to a set configured by the upper layer).

[0103] In one scenario, there may be constraints on reporting beam-related information, i.e., microdiversity. To reduce CSI reporting overhead, a WTRU may be configured to report beam-related information for a specific set of combinations of TRP indices and panel or group identification information that satisfy only certain constraints. The constraints may cause the corresponding transmission to satisfy specific requirements with respect to microdiversity. For example, a WTRU may be configured to report beam-related information for a set of combinations that satisfy at least one of the following: the TRP indices differ between any pair of combinations; the panel or group identification information differs between any pair of combinations; and / or at least one of the TRP indices, panel or group identification information differs between any pair of combinations. The following may be constituted by the RRC or signaled by MAC or DCI: the application of any such constraint, its set; and / or the number of combinations, or the maximum number, for which beam-related information is reported.

[0104] When determining the combinations from which beam-related information is reported, the WTRU may first prioritize the combination with the highest measurement, then the next highest measurement that satisfies the constraints given to the first combination, and so on.

[0105] As a result of applying the two initial constraints in the example above, the WTRU can provide relevant beam-related information when the network attempts to perform multi-TRP transmissions that are received by different antenna panels in the WTRU, thus maximizing the macrodiversity and robustness of the transmission.

[0106] Figure 4A is a flowchart of an exemplary process for extending CSI reporting for mTRPs using one or more techniques disclosed herein. Figure 4B shows an example of extending CSI reporting for mTRPs using one or more techniques described herein. In this example 400, the WTRU may communicate with three TRPs (e.g., TRP1, TRP2, and TRP3), each having a CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS1, CSI-RS2, and CSI-RS3). In 401, the WTRU may receive one or more configurations, including a CSI-RS resource configuration and a beam-related information reporting configuration (e.g., a CRI / CSI / CQI reporting configuration). The CSI-RS resource configuration may include a set of CSI-RS resources 411, where the set of CSI-RS resources may correspond to a TRP index (e.g., CSI-RS1 associated with TRP1). The beam-related information reporting configuration may include reporting information about CRI for one or more sets of TRPs. Therefore, an mTRP can have two or more sets of TRPs associated with one CRI, and a single TRP can have one set of TRPs associated with one CRI. Furthermore, for each reported CSI-RS, there may be beam-related information (e.g., CRI) such that the CRI may be associated with one or more TRPs and one or more CSI-RS resources. See, for example, the thick black box and the arrow between 411 and 412, which show that two or more TRPs may be associated with one CRI for a given CSI-RS pair. In 402, the WTRU can receive / measure one or more CSI-RSs for each CRI and determine the measurement information (e.g., CSI, CQI, beam-related information, etc.). For a CRI with a CSI-RS pair, there may be two or more TRPs (e.g., joint TX), so an mTRP scenario can be assumed. In 403, the WTRU can report (one or more) CRIs based on the reporting configuration. Specifically, there may be restrictions on reporting to address microdiversity, as described herein (e.g., mTRP scenarios). WTRUs may have previously provided one or more restrictions.The WTRU may prioritize the pair / combination with the highest measured values ​​(e.g., the CRI for the mTRP with the highest CQI and the CRI for the single TRP with the highest CQI). In 404, the WTRU can receive the transmission on the PDSCH selected based on the reported information (e.g., the gNB uses the reported CSI to determine the (one or more) TRPs for the transmission). Note that in the exemplary report in 403 (e.g., the dashed box in 412), the WTRU may report CRI4 (e.g., mTRP), CRI1 (e.g., single TRP), and associated reported quantities (e.g., beam-related information such as RI, CQI, and PMI). Since CRI4 was the best, the resulting transmission (e.g., PDSCH) can be received by the WTRU from TRP1 and TRP2, since CRI4 is associated with resource pairs CSI-RS1 and CSI-RS2.

[0107] In one scenario, constraints based on measurement results may be lifted. Specifically, constraints may be lifted on the condition that applying the constraint would result in reporting metrics or measurements that worsen by more than a threshold compared to not applying the constraint. For example, the L1-RSRP value may be the first value for the combination of TRP index 1 and panel identification information 1, and the second value for the combination of TRP index 1 and panel identification information 2, where the first value may be higher than the second value. The WTRU may have already determined the combinations including panel identification information 1. In such a case, the WTRU may report for the combination of TRP index 1 and panel identification information 2 on the condition that the second value is higher than the first value minus a threshold, and otherwise report for the combination of TRP index 1 and panel identification information 1. Such lifting of limitations based on measurement differences may avoid reporting beam-related information for transmission options that do not provide significant microdiversity benefits.

[0108] In one scenario, there may be constraints on reporting beam-related information: TCI state configuration. Specifically, the WTRU may be configured to report beam-related information only for a subset of resources configured as part of a particular TCI state. The TCI state may be a subset of the set of TCI states configured by the RRC as indicated by the configuration, or it may correspond to a set of active TCI states from MAC signaling.

[0109] In one scenario, there may be constraints on reporting beam-related information based on PUCCH resource selection. For example, a WTRU may determine a spatial filter (e.g., an RS index) to include CSI reporting based on the PUCCH resource configuration. When a WTRU is composed of PUCCH resources, it may consist of a subset / set of RSs that may be valid to report (e.g., all RSs are sets, and there is a subset of RSs of a set of RSs that may be valid to report). As described, RSs may be composed of sets, and sets may have an index that can be linked to a PUCCH resource configuration. A PUCCH resource configuration may be a PUCCH resource indicator (PRI) within a PUCCH resource set, a subset of PRIs, or multiple PUCCH resource sets. For example, a WTRU may consist of three RSs (RS1, RS2, RS3) and two PUCCH resources (PUCCH1, PUCCH2). RS1 and RS2 may be grouped into set 1, and RS3 may be grouped into set 2. WTRU can choose to report only RS from set 1 using PUCCH1 and report RS from set 2 using PUCCH2.

[0110] In one example, a PUCCH resource may be pre-configured or dynamically indicated within the DCI. Configuration between the PUCCH resource and the RS set may be performed by the TRP based on network configuration, WTRU feedback, or a combination of both. The TRP can monitor both PUCCH resources. The WTRU may report on both PUCCH resources, or it may choose to report on only one PUCCH resource. The WTRU can determine the PUCCH resource based on the TRP index, DCI with explicit indication, SRI signal quality, etc.

[0111] Figure 5 shows an example with two TRPs (TRP1, TRP2), and the WTRU may be configured to report the RS of all TRPs that receive RS from there to one TRP. In this example, TRP1 may transmit RS1 and RS2, and TR2 may transmit RS3. In 501, the WTRU can measure the signal quality of RS1, RS2, and RS3. In 502, the WTRU may consist of two resources to report using PUCCH (e.g., PRI1, PRI2). In 503, the WTRU can report RS1 and RS2 on PRI1 to TRP1, and RS3 on PRI2 to TRP1, and furthermore, the WTRU can determine a spatial filter (SRI1) for transmitting (PRI1, PRI2).

[0112] The WTRU may decide that PUCCH1 may be used to report RS from TRP1, and PUCCH2 may be used to report RS from TRP2. Since PUCCH1 is used for TRP1, the WTRU may decide to use the SRI configured for TRP1 and SRI1. TRP1 may monitor PUCCH1 and PUCCH2 and decide that it may schedule the WTRU using one RS received from PUCCH1 and one RS received from PUCCH2 for S-DD operation. After reporting on PUCCH1 and PUCCH2, the WTRU may monitor transmissions from TRP1 and TRP2 for S-DD. If the WTRU decides to prefer non-S-DD mode, it may report only one PUCCH resource (e.g., PUCCH1). TRP may determine that it has received one PUCCH resource and decide to schedule the WTRU in non-S-DD mode.

[0113] In another example, a WTRU can use a set of RS resources to report spatial filters on a panel-by-panel basis. A WTRU with two panels can measure RS from RS set 1. Set 1 may be linked to two PUCCH resources. The WTRU can determine that any RS measurement from set 1 received on panel 1 may be reported on PUCCH 1, while any RS measurement from set 1 received on panel 2 may be reported on PUCCH 2. The TRP can monitor both PUCCH resources and determine which RS is best for each WTRU panel based on the received PUCCH resources and their contents. The WTRU may decide to transmit with only one PUCCH resource to signal a preference for single-panel use. The TRP may determine that one of the two PUCCH resources has been received and decide to schedule the WTRU with a single panel.

[0114] A subset of RSs within an RS set may be linked to one another, and an RS set may consist of two PUCCH resources. A WTRU can signal its priority to switch to S-DD mode by deciding to report the linked RS resources. For example, RS1 and RS3 may be linked for S-DD mode, while RS2 and RS3 may not be linked. A WTRU can report linked RSs (e.g., RS1 on PUCCH1 and RS3 on PUCCH2) when S-DD mode is determined to be preferred, while a WTRU can report unlinked RSs (e.g., RS2 on PUCCH1 and RS3 on PUCCH2) when single TRP mode is determined to be preferred. Based on the received report, a TRP can schedule a WTRU in S-DD on RS1 and RS3, or it can schedule a WTRU in a TDM transmission on single (or multi-TRP) RS2 and RS3. If a WTRU transmits RS in two different linked PUCCH resources, and the TRP receives only one of the PUCCH resources, the TRP can determine that one of the RS signal quality is poor. In this case, the TRP can either trigger a beam pairing procedure (e.g., by triggering the WTRU to transmit aperiodic SRS) or update the PUCCH spatial relationship via MAC CE.

[0115] In one scenario, there may be an implicit link between beam-related information and spatial filter selection. For example, a WTRU can determine the link between a spatial filter (e.g., RS index) and an SRI, and implicitly signal this link to the TRP through the WTRU's selection of the PUCCH resource and SRI. When a WTRU generates a CSI report to be sent on a PUCCH resource, it can select which RSs to include in the report. When a WTRU selects an SRI to be sent to a PUCCH resource, it can determine that the beam-related information (e.g., index, signal quality, etc.) included in the CSI report will be measured assuming the selected SRI. The TRP can use information about the link between RSs and SRIs to determine whether RSs can be scheduled simultaneously, which RSs are best for each SRI, etc.

[0116] Figure 6 shows an exemplary scenario of a WTRU assisting a TRP using one or more techniques disclosed herein. In Figure 6, WTRU 601 can assist TRP 602 in linking the contents of a CSI report (e.g., RS1) to a panel on WTRU 601. In 611, the WTRU can measure RS1 on panel 1 and panel 2. WTRU 601 can transmit two CSI reports (e.g., 612, 613) for (RS1) on two PUCCH resources, each CSI report measuring the signal quality of RS1 received on panel 1 and 2, respectively. In 621, the two PUCCH resources may consist of two different SRIs, SRI1 associated with WTRU panel 1 and SRI2 associated with WTRU panel 2. In 622, WTRU601 can determine that RS1 received on panel 1 may be reported on a PUCCH configured with SRI1 (612), and RS1 received on panel 2 may be reported on a PUCCH resource configured with SRI2 (613). In 623, TRP602 can monitor both PUCCH resources and determine that the CSI reports within each PUCCH resource correspond to the WTRU measurements on the panel (e.g., spatial filter) associated with the SRI used to transmit the PUCCH.

[0117] In another example, both SRIs may be configured on the same panel, and the WTRU can measure RS1 and RS2 received on SRI1 and SRI2 separately. The WTRU can report the CSI report for RS1 and RS2 measured using SRI1 on PUCCH1, and the CSI report for RS1 and RS2 measured using SRI2 on PUCCH2.

[0118] The WTRU can also report beam-related information for S-DU operation in this manner. The WTRU can determine that the RS in the CSI report and the SRI used to transmit the CSI report can be paired for the S-DU.

[0119] In some embodiments, methods for S-UU transmission modes may be available. Furthermore, techniques for WTRU-based panel selection may be disclosed herein. As disclosed herein, TCI states may be used interchangeably with spatial relation information and beam indication, but still maintain consistency with this disclosure. Furthermore, as disclosed herein, SRS resource sets may be used interchangeably with SRS resources and WTRU panels, but still maintain consistency with this disclosure.

[0120] In some situations, there may be operating modes for a WTRU regarding S-UU transmissions. A WTRU may support S-UU transmissions based on one or more of the following operating modes. For example, there may be an operating mode that can be determined based on the number of PUCCH resource indicators in the UL DCI. For example, if the gNB indicates one PUCCH resource for a PUCCH transmission, the WTRU may decide to use a single PUCCH transmission. If the gNB indicates two or more PUCCH resources, the WTRU may decide to use S-UU transmissions. For example, there may be an operating mode that can be determined based on WTRU capabilities and the gNB configuration based on WTRU capability reporting. For example, a WTRU may be configured with an extended transmission type for S-UU transmissions. For example, a WTRU may be configured with an extended type of PUCCH resource indicator that indicates one or more PUCCH resources for each PUCCH resource indicator value. The configuration may apply to a WTRU, or one or more sets of PUCCH resources in a WTRU. For example, a WTRU may request its preferred operating mode for S-UU transmissions. For example, if a WTRU can support both single uplink transmission and S-UU transmission, the WTRU can indicate its preferred operating mode to the gNB.

[0121] In the first operating mode (e.g., single uplink transmission), the WTRU can transmit a single PUCCH or PUSCH based on the configured / instructed resources. In the second operating mode (e.g., S-UU transmission), the WTRU can transmit one or more PUCCHs and / or one or more PUSCHs simultaneously.

[0122] In some situations, beam indications for S-UU transmissions may be available. A WTRU may receive one or more indications to show one or more beams used for S-UU transmissions. One or more indications may be based on one or more of the following: beam indications in DCI; beam indications in MAC CE; and / or beam indications in RRC.

[0123] In beam indication in DCI, for example, a WTRU may receive one or more TCI states via the PDCCH that schedules S-UU transmissions. For example, a WTRU may receive a first TCI state via the PDCCH that schedules S-UU transmissions. Based on the first TCI state, the WTRU may determine a second TCI state associated with the first TCI state. The association may be indicated by the gNB via the RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI. The indication of one or more TCI states may be based on two or more configured / activated TCI states by the gNB (e.g., via the RRC and / or MAC CE).

[0124] In beam indication at MAC CE, for example, a WTRU may receive one or more TCI states via MAC CE for S-UU transmission. For example, a WTRU may receive a set of TCI states that impair one or more TCI states via MAC CE. Indication of one or more TCI states may be based on two or more configured TCI states by gNB (e.g., via RRC).

[0125] In beam indication in RRC, for example, a WTRU may receive one or more TCI states via one or more RRC messages for S-UU transmission. The indication of one or more TCI states may be per PUCCH resource and / or per group of PUCCH resources. The indication of one or more TCI states may be per PUCCH configuration and / or per configuration grant configuration.

[0126] In some situations, there may be a time offset determination between one or more PUCCH and / or one or more PUSCH. Specifically, a WTRU may receive one or more time-domain resource configurations for uplink transmissions. One or more time-domain resource configurations may include one or more of the following: the smallest applicable scheduling offset (e.g., one or more offset values ​​(e.g., slots) configured by the RRC for active DL and / or UL BWP, on which the WTRU may receive instructions via DCI based on the configured values); a start symbol S (e.g., the start symbol may be for the start of a slot); and / or a length L, and / or the number of symbols (e.g., the length may indicate the number of consecutive symbols S counting from the symbol S assigned to the uplink transmission).

[0127] One or more time-domain resource configurations may be based on one or more of the following: explicit instructions; implicit instructions; and / or a combination of (one or more) explicit instructions and (one or more) implicit instructions.

[0128] In an explicit instruction, for example, a WTRU may receive instructions for one or more time-domain resource configurations via DCI based on a given set of time-domain resource configurations. For example, a WTRU may receive instructions for one or more time-domain resource configurations via DCI based on a set of time-domain resource configurations via RRC.

[0129] In an implicit instruction, for example, a WTRU can receive a time-domain resource configuration associated with a TCI state. The WTRU can apply the time-domain resource configuration associated with the TCI state when it sends a PUCCH or PUSCH using the TCI state. For example, a WTRU can receive a time-domain resource configuration associated with an SRS resource set. The WTRU can apply the time-domain resource configuration associated with the SRS resource set when it sends a PUCCH or PUSCH using the TCI state.

[0130] In a combination of explicit and implicit instructions, for example, a WTRU may receive instructions for one or more time-domain resource configurations via DCI (e.g., based on a given configuration or configuration via RRC). Based on the instructions, time-domain resource configurations associated with a TCI state may indicate additional time offsets from one or more time-domain resource configurations via DCI. For example, a WTRU may receive instructions for one or more time-domain resource configurations via DCI (e.g., based on a given configuration or configuration via RRC). Based on the instructions, time-domain resource configurations associated with an SRS resource set may indicate additional time offsets from one or more time-domain resource configurations via DCI.

[0131] In one scenario, a WTRU may determine one or more time-domain resources for S-UU transmission based on one or more time-domain resource configurations. The determination may be based on one or more of the following: whether the indicated TCI state is applicable to S-UU transmission; and / or the WTRU capability and gNB configuration.

[0132] Regarding whether a specified TCI state is applicable to an S-UU transmission, for example, if the WTRU can apply the specified TCI state to an S-UU transmission simultaneously, the WTRU can determine a first time-domain resource configuration. If the WTRU cannot apply the specified TCI state simultaneously, the WTRU can determine two or more second time-domain resource configurations for separate transmissions. The decision can be based on one or more of the following: a decision between DCI states and TCI states; a decision between TCI states; a decision between a DCI resource set and an SRS resource set; a decision between a DCI resource set and an SRS resource set; a decision between SRS resource sets; and / or a decision between DCI and a pre-configured resource.

[0133] Regarding the determination between DCI states and TCI states, in one example, the first time-domain resource configuration may be indicated via DCI (e.g., via the time-domain resource allocation field), and the second time-domain resource configuration may be indicated via the indicated TCI state. In another example, the first time-domain resource configuration may be based on DCI, and the second time-domain resource configuration may be based on DCI and the indicated TCI state.

[0134] Regarding the determination between TCI states, for example, a first time-domain resource configuration may be based on a first TCI state, and a second time-domain resource configuration may be based on the first and second TCI states. The first TCI state may be determined based on a TCI state ID (e.g., the TCI state with the lowest or highest TCI state ID), an indication order (e.g., the first TCI state indicated), and / or a predetermined TCI state.

[0135] Regarding the determination between DCI resource sets and SRS resource sets, in one example, the first time-domain resource configuration may be indicated via DCI (e.g., via the time-domain resource allocation field), and the second time-domain resource configuration may be indicated via the specified SRS resource set. In another example, the first time-domain resource configuration may be based on DCI, and the second time-domain resource configuration may be based on DCI and the specified SRS resource set.

[0136] Regarding the determination between SRS resource sets, for example, a first time-domain resource configuration may be based on a first SRS resource set, and a second time-domain resource configuration may be based on the first and second SRS resource sets. The first SRS resource set may be determined based on the SRS resource set ID (e.g., the SRS resource set with the lowest or highest SRS resource set ID), the instruction order (e.g., the first SRS resource set instructed), and / or a predetermined SRS resource set.

[0137] Regarding the determination between DCI and pre-configured resources, for example, the first time-domain resource configuration may be based on DCI, and the second time-domain resource configuration may be based on DCI and pre-configured resources. WTRU may be composed of pre-configured resources via RRC and / or MAC CE.

[0138] Figure 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary process for simultaneous UL TX to two TRPs. In 701, the WTRU can indicate a preferred operating mode (e.g., simultaneous UL to two TRPs or single UL to one TRP). In 702, the WTRU receives TCI states and can determine one or more spatial filters to use for simultaneous UL (e.g., the spatial filters may correspond to pairs of TCI states associated together for simultaneous UL via RRC, MAC CE, or DCI). In 703, the WTRU can determine time and / or frequency resources based on the TCI states (e.g., if the TCI states are associated with simultaneous UL, the WTRU can determine time / frequency resources per TRP).

[0139] In one situation, there may be a priority order for PUCCH and / or PUSCH transmissions. Specifically, the WTRU may determine the prioritization between one or more PUCCHs and / or one or more PUSCHs (for example, if the WTRU cannot apply the indicated TCI conditions simultaneously). The prioritization between one or more PUCCHs and / or one or more PUSCHs may be one or more of the following: dropping one or more lower-priority uplink channels; and / or transmitting (e.g., via RRC) one or more first uplink channels with higher priority within the allocated time and frequency resources and one or more second uplink channels with lower priority within the pre-configured resources.

[0140] A WTRU can determine the priority of one or more uplink channels based on one or more of the following: channel type (for example, a WTRU may prioritize a first type channel (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) over a second type channel (e.g., PUSCH or PUCCH)); information type (for example, a WTRU may prioritize a first type of information (e.g., HARQ-ACK / NACK) over a second type of information (e.g., CSI report)); transmission type (for example, a WTRU may prioritize a first type of transmission (e.g., aperiodic) over a second type of transmission (e.g., semi-persistent or periodic)); (For example, a WTRU may prioritize a PUCCH resource ID (e.g., a WTRU may prioritize a first PUCCH resource having a first ID over a second PUCCH resource having a second ID, where the first ID may be smaller or larger than the second ID); and / or time resources (e.g., a WTRU may prioritize a first uplink transmission over a second transmission based on time resources; and / or the first time resource of the first uplink transmission may have a smaller time offset (e.g., fewer symbols and / or slots) than the second time resource of the second uplink transmission).

[0141] In one scenario, there may be a process for WTRU-assisted S-UU transmission mode selection. A WTRU may be scheduled for S-UU transmission of a push or push signal, and the scheduling may be coordinated by the network. The network may measure channel quality (e.g., RSRP, SINR, CQI, etc.) on a UL reference signal (e.g., SRS), and the network may determine whether the WTRU is scheduled in S-UU mode (e.g., the WTRU may transmit on two panels to two TRPs in the same time instance). In one alternative example, there may be a single-panel mode where the WTRU transmits on one panel at a time in a single time instance. However, the WTRU may have additional information to determine whether S-UU transmission is necessary. For example, to conserve power, the WTRU may transmit in S-UU mode only during fixed periods. Alternatively, the WTRU may consist of three or more TRPs, and it may be determined that a subset of its panels or a subset of its TRPs is preferable for S-UU. Next, the WTRU may need to inform the network when and how it will use S-UU mode. In some cases, there may be one or more processes by which the WTRU may decide to use S-UU mode (for example, as described herein) and how the WTRU reports this to the network.

[0142] In some cases, the WTRU can assist the network in deciding to use the S-UU mode for transmission. The WTRU can request a scheduling operation mode between S-UU and single panel. The WTRU can determine the operation mode based on one or more factors.

[0143] For example, the factor may be the DL signal quality to each TRP based on a reference signal (RS) channel measurement (e.g., SSB-RSRP). For example, two RSs may be configured, and the WTRU may request an S-UU if the difference in RSRP between the two RSs exceeds a threshold, or if two or more measured RSRPs exceed a threshold.

[0144] For example, the factor could be the number of activated panels. A WTRU can request an S-UU if it activates a number of panels that exceeds a threshold. For example, if a WTRU activates two or more panels, it can request to send an S-UU.

[0145] For example, the factor could be a data buffer. For instance, if a WTRU has a data volume to send that exceeds a threshold, the WTRU may request an S-UU transmission.

[0146] For example, the factor could be the number of TRPs. For instance, a WTRU can trigger a request if it consists of a number of TRPs that exceeds a threshold.

[0147] In some cases, after the WTRU has determined the operating mode, the WTRU may trigger a request for the requested mode to the network using explicit instructions for the order of different operating modes, for example, based on channel quality measurements. The WTRU may use MAC CE (e.g., New MAC CE) or UCI (e.g., New UCI) to report the ordering. The WTRU may request or instruct an ordering of operating modes in a numbered list where the ordering determines the WTRU's priority between S-UU and single-panel operating modes. For example, the WTRU may report S-UU as first priority and single-panel transmit operating mode as second priority. MAC CE or UCI reports may include one or more pieces of information.

[0148] For example, one piece of information may be a bit field indicating S-UU or single-panel mode. For instance, a WTRU may consist of two TRPs. In the report, the WTRU may have bit=1, meaning the WTRU requests S-UU transmission mode to both TRPs, or the WTRU may have bit=0, meaning it requests single-panel mode.

[0149] For example, one piece of information may be a TRP index, and if two or more TRPs are configured for a WTRU, the WTRU may include a TRP index to indicate a subset of TRP pairs for S-UU mode among all configured TRPs. For example, the WTRU may consist of three TRPs, TRP1, TRP2, and TRP3, and the WTRU can determine a subset of TRPs for S-UU. The WTRU may include indices for TRP1 and TRP2 to indicate that it is requesting transmission in S-UU mode from TRP1 and TRP2. If two or more pairs satisfy the selection threshold, the WTRU may report the pairs in order based on the channel measurements from highest to lowest. For example, TRP1 and TRP3 may also be reported in the list after the TRP1 and TRP2 pair if the WTRU determines that they are the second pair that satisfy the selection threshold.

[0150] Alternatively, WTRU can indicate a TRP pair index. The pair may be explicitly constructed in the index. For example, TRP1 and TRP2 correspond to pair index 1, and TRP1 and TRP3 correspond to pair index 2.

[0151] A pair may implicitly consist of a UL TCI code point comprised of two UL TCI states, each TCI state being QCLed with an RS for a different TRP. For example, a UL TCI might consist of RS1 and RS2, with RS1 and RS2 being QCLed with TRP1 and TRP2, respectively. If a WTRU includes this UL TCI with two TCIs in an S-UU request, the network can determine that the WTRU is requesting an S-UU transmission using TRP1 and TRP2.

[0152] For example, one piece of information may be a panel index, and a WTRU may have two or more panels, and the WTRU may report a pair of those panel indices for which the WTRU is requesting S-UU transmission mode. For example, a WTRU may have three panels. WTRU may report panel indices 1 and 2 to indicate that it requests a network to be scheduled in S-UU mode using only panels 1 and 2.

[0153] For example, one piece of information may be a combination of several examples provided herein (e.g., one or more of the information disclosed above). For example, a WTRU may consist of TRP1 and TRP2. The WTRU may report pair indices corresponding to TRP1 and TRP2 having bit index = 1. Thus, the WTRU can indicate to TRP1 and TRP2 that it is requesting S-UU mode. If bit index = 0, the WTRU may request single-panel transmissions to TRP1 and TRP2 (e.g., to TRP1 at time instance t1, and then to TRP2 at time instance t2). The WTRU may include t1 and t2 as absolute time instances. Alternatively, the WTRU may indicate to TRP1 and TRP2 a timing pattern for switching between S-UU and single-panel mode (e.g., a 1-4 time slot pattern where the WTRU requests one slot of S-UU followed by four slots of single panel).

[0154] Upon receiving a MAC CE or UCI, the network can consider the WTRU's indicated request. The network can then schedule the WTRU in S-UU mode or a single panel, taking into account the WTRU's reported request, its ordering in the report, and the network's resource availability. The WTRU can receive an acknowledgment of its MAC CE or UCI request and adjust its spatial filter / panel for transmission. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a DCI along with scheduling information provided by the network.

[0155] The cases discussed for WTRU-assisted S-UU transmission mode selection can also be applied to WTRU-assisted S-DU mode selection. For example, the WTRU can indicate which panel to use for UL, which panel to use for DL, or which TRP to use for UL or DL.

[0156] In one situation, there may be one or more simultaneous SRS transmission instructions. The network may need to estimate channel quality when a WTRU is transmitting simultaneously on both panels. To better measure cross-panel interference, the network may request a WTRU to transmit one or more SRSs simultaneously from two or more panels. In some cases, a WTRU may be triggered to transmit SRSs simultaneously by activating SRS resources for simultaneous transmission. A WTRU may transmit SRSs simultaneously using one or more factors.

[0157] One factor may be dynamic instruction. For example, if two or more SRS resources may be requested, a DCI for SRS requests may be used. The SRS request field may be extended with additional fields, or a separate new field may be defined in the DCI. A bit field may indicate, for example, 1 if the requested SRS resources are sent simultaneously in S-UU mode, and 0 otherwise.

[0158] One factor may be a MAC CE. A new MAC CE may be defined to configure associations between SRS resources for S-UU transmission. After receiving a MAC CE, a WTRU may decide to activate the SRS resources indicated for S-UU transmission mode and transmit the resources simultaneously. For example, a MAC CE may contain a list of SRS resource pairs, and a WTRU may decide that the SRS resource pairs are configured for S-UU transmission.

[0159] Alternatively / additionally, SRS resources may be associated with TRP indices, and MAC CEs may be included in a list of TRP pairs. TRP indices may be explicitly indicated, or a mapping between TRP index pairs and indicators may be defined (e.g., TRP1-TRP2 corresponds to indicator 1, and TRP1-TRP3 corresponds to indicator 2). WTRU can determine that the TRP pair determines which associated SRS resources are configured for S-UU mode. For example, a WTRU can receive a MAC CE using TRP1 and TRP2 as a pair. The WTRU can then determine that all SRS resources associated with TRP1 and TRP2 are paired for S-UU transmission.

[0160] The WTRU can determine that the SRS-Config IE consists of a new field in the SRS resource set, and the field can flag the SRS resource set to be used for the S-UU.

[0161] SRS resources may consist of panel indices, and WTRUs can determine that resources with different panel indices may be transmitted simultaneously.

[0162] In some embodiments, there may be methods for S-DU transmission modes, such as techniques for supporting S-DU operation. In some situations, WTRU S-DU capability signaling may be possible. Specifically, a WTRU may indicate its S-DU capability to a gNB, and the capability indication may include information such as the number of S-DU-enabled panels, UL / DL protection time, and UL / DL protection bandwidth. The capability indication may include a numeric panel that can be used for S-DU operation. In one example, a WTRU may indicate panels that have S-DU capability implicitly or explicitly. In an implicit approach, when a WTRU is queried by a gNB, it may indicate S-DU capability with SRS transmission using the SRS resources assigned to the panel. In an explicit approach, a WTRU may indicate panels that have S-DU capability using an identification index such as a panel ID.

[0163] For example, WTRU can indicate the minimum time required between UL transmission and DL transmission. There may be a single protection time indicating the minimum time required between UL transmission and DL transmission, or there may be two separate protection times intended for UL to DL and DL to UL.

[0164] For example, WTRU can indicate the minimum frequency separation required between UL transmission and DL transmission. There may be a single protection band indicating the minimum frequency separation required between UL transmission and DL transmission, or there may be two separate protection times intended for UL to DL and DL to UL.

[0165] For example, WTRU can represent a subset of panels that have full-duplex capability for operation in S-DU mode.

[0166] For example, a WTRU can indicate whether or not it supports S-DU mode across different bandwidth segments. For instance, a WTRU might consist of DL transmission in one bandwidth segment and UL transmission in a different bandwidth segment.

[0167] In some situations, there may be trigger mechanisms for configuration grant scheduling. Specifically, in NR, in addition to dynamic scheduling, both uplink and downlink transmissions may be supported by these corresponding configuration grant mechanisms. On the downlink, in semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) mode, the WTRU may first be configured by the RRC using basic transmission parameters, and then the configuration grant may be activated using dynamic instructions such as DCI scrambled by CS-RNTI. Similarly, in uplink configuration grant type 2 transmission, the WTRU may first be configured by the RRC using basic transmission parameters, and then the configuration grant may be activated using dynamic instructions such as DCI scrambled by CS-RNTI.

[0168] For example, a WTRU may be configured for co-configured UL / DL scheduling, and the WTRU can transmit and receive using the same or different subsets of panels or beams.

[0169] For example, a WTRU may receive a single semi-static joint configuration for both uplink or downlink transmissions, or it may receive separate configurations for uplink and downlink transmissions, respectively. The configurations may or may not have the same periodicity in time. The indicated time patterns for each configuration may or may not be the same. The indicated time patterns may only partially overlap. The RRC configuration may also include a time offset indicating the start of the pattern in relation to the reception of a dynamic activation command such as DCI or MAC CE. In some cases, the configurations for each transmission direction may have different time offsets in relation to the reception of the dynamic activation command.

[0170] For example, a WTRU may receive a single dynamic command, such as a DCI or MAC CE, to activate co-configuration scheduling. The WTRU may be configured with a specific RNTI, such as a co-configuration scheduling (JCS) RNTI, such as a JCS-RNTI, to descramble the received activation DCI command for co-configuration scheduling.

[0171] In one example, a WTRU may monitor only a specific search space or CORESET for the detection of activation commands. Furthermore, a configured TCI for a CORESET carrying activation commands may be used as an implicit indication of the beam used for at least one of the transmissions, such as UL or DL. For example, a WTRU may use the same beam employed for receiving activation commands for a pending configuration grant UL transmission, or a pending scheduled DL transmission, or both.

[0172] Figure 8 shows an exemplary operation of a WTRU configured in uplink and downlink transmit S-DU mode. Generally, figures are read from left to right and indicate time increments (for example, if patterns or text are vertically aligned, they may be interpreted as occurring in the same time increment). In 810, the WTRU transmission pattern is shown. In 820, the UL transmission pattern is shown. In 830, the downlink transmission pattern is shown. Note that at the time the S-DU is configured for the WTRU in 810, the corresponding UL and DL are scheduled (for example, simultaneously, as shown in 820 and 830, respectively). Furthermore, note that the WTRU may only perform the UL configured in 810, and therefore only the uplink pattern in 820 is shown in these cases.

[0173] In some embodiments, there may be one or more elimination rules for S-DU operation. Specifically, the WTRU may be configured to operate with M-TRP transmissions, and the TRPs may or may not be part of the same cell. One approach is for the WTRU to be configured to receive DL transmissions from one TRP and make UL transmissions to a different TRP.

[0174] Despite receiving scheduled S-DU transmissions, a WTRU may need to reassign a subset of its panels or beams from one transmission type to another due to various reasons such as panel interference, MPE issues, power saving modes, insufficient channel quality, or panel switching time. If the WTRU is unable to maintain S-DU operation, one solution is for the WTRU to apply priority rules to select the continuation of a preferred transmission direction, such as UL or DL. The priority or selection criteria may be fixed or considered configured for the WTRU. The WTRU may apply one or more criteria in selecting a preferred transmission direction.

[0175] A WTRU may always prioritize transmissions associated with a particular cell. A preferred cell may always be considered fixed, such as a primary cell or an anchor cell. Alternatively, a WTRU may be configured to consider a cell as a preferred cell.

[0176] For example, a WTRU may always prioritize transmissions with a particular TRP. For instance, a WTRU may always prioritize transmissions with TRP1, regardless of any other mode of transmission, such as UL or DL. Alternatively, a WTRU may always prioritize DL transmissions over UL transmissions. For example, a WTRU can continue receiving and processing DL transmissions from TRP2, such as PDSCH, and stop UL transmissions to TRP1, such as PUSCH. Alternatively, a WTRU may always prioritize UL transmissions over DL transmissions.

[0177] For example, a WTRU can determine transmission priority based on the importance and type of the channel for pending transmissions. Channel priority may be configured based on one or more different requirements, such as deployment scenario, power saving, and UL vs. DL traffic addition / type. For example, a WTRU may maintain certain transmissions and drop others in the following order: PBCH transmissions, PRACH transmissions, PDCCH transmissions, PUCCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information and / or SR or PUSCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information, PUCCH transmissions with CSI or PUSCH transmissions with CSI, PUSCH transmissions without HARQ-ACK information or CSI, SRS transmissions (e.g., aperiodic SRS having a higher priority than semi-persistent and / or periodic SRS or PRACH transmissions on serving cells other than PCells), and PDSCH transmissions.

[0178] For example, a WTRU may employ prioritization based on service or traffic type. For instance, a WTRU could prioritize important transmissions, such as URLLCs to TRP1, over eMBB transmissions from TRP2.

[0179] For example, a WTRU may apply prioritization based on whether the transmission is dynamically or semi-statically configured. For instance, if a WTRU consists of configured UL or DL ​​transmissions such as UL configured transmissions (Type 1 or 2) or configured downlink scheduling transmissions (SPS), the WTRU may always prioritize semi-statically configured scheduling transmissions.

[0180] Any embodiment or example described herein is not intended to be read separately from the remainder of the description. Any embodiment described herein may be read in consideration of other techniques disclosed in other sections of the description. Any embodiment described herein may include steps, any steps may be performed in part or in whole, optionally, and in any order.

[0181] As described herein, a higher layer can refer to one or more layers in a protocol stack, or a specific sublayer in a protocol stack. A protocol stack can include one or more layers in a WTRU or network node (e.g., eNB, gNB, server, other functional entity, etc.), and each layer can have one or more sublayers. Each layer / sublayer may be involved in one or more functions. Each layer / sublayer may communicate directly or indirectly with one or more of the other layers / sublayers. In some cases, these layers may be numbered as Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3, etc. For example, Layer 3 may include one or more of the following: Non-Access Layer (NAS), Internet Protocol (IP), and / or Radio Resource Control (RRC). For example, Layer 2 may include one or more of the following: Packet Data Convergence Control (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC), and / or Medium Access Control (MAC). For example, Layer 3 may include Physical (PHY) layer type operations. The higher the layer number, the higher the layer is relative to other layers (for example, layer 3 is higher than layer 1). In some cases, the examples described above may be called layers / sublayers regardless of their layer number, or they may be called upper layers as described herein. For example, from the highest to the lowest, upper layers may be one or more of the following layers / sublayers: NAS layer, RRC layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, and / or PHY layer. Any reference to upper layers in this specification in conjunction with a process, device, or system refers to a layer higher than the layer of the process, device, or system. In some cases, a reference to upper layers in this specification may refer to a function or operation performed by one or more layers described herein. In some cases, a reference to upper layers in this specification may refer to information transmitted or received by one or more layers described herein. In some cases, a reference to upper layers in this specification may refer to configuration transmitted and / or received by one or more layers described herein.

[0182] While features and elements are described above in specific combinations, those skilled in the art will understand that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. Furthermore, the methods described herein can be implemented in computer programs, software, or firmware embedded in computer-readable media for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

[Claim 1] A method carried out by a wireless transceiver unit (WTRU), wherein the method is Receiving configuration information, The configuration information indicates a first set of channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resources for a first group, and a second set of CSI-RS resources for a second group. The configuration information indicates a pair of CSI-RS resources, including a first CSI-RS resource from a first set of CSI-RS resources and a second CSI-RS resource from a second set of CSI-RS resources. The first and second CSI-RS resources of the pair of CSI-RS resources are configured within the same slot. That thing, Determining beam-related information including a first CSI resource indicator (CRI), a second CRI, and a third CRI, The first CRI corresponds to the first and second CSI-RS resources of the pair of CSI-RS resources, the second CRI corresponds to the first CSI-RS resource from the first set of CSI-RS resources, and the third CRI corresponds to the second CSI-RS resource from the second set of CSI-RS resources. That thing, To transmit a CSI report including the aforementioned beam-related information, The simultaneous reception of two transmissions, wherein the first of the two transmissions is associated with the first CSI-RS resource of the pair of CSI-RS resources, the second of the two transmissions is associated with the second CSI-RS resource of the pair of CSI-RS resources, each transmission is received from a different transmit / receive point (TRP), the first group has first group identification information, the first group identification information is associated with a TRP index, the configuration information is received in a radio resource control (RRC) message, and the first CRI is associated with a rank indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and a precoding matrix indicator (PMI). A method that includes this.

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