Portable and compact device and method for centrifugal separation

Abstract

To provide a suitable portable and compact device and method for centrifugal separation. [Solution] An embodiment of a single-tube rotor for a portable and compact centrifugal separation system is described. The embodiment includes a monolithic rotor suitable for manufacture in straight-pull injection molding, the rotor comprising a mounting hub, a fixed holder for strictly one sample tube, an arm for the holder, and a low-profile aerodynamic counterweight. The embodiment includes a counterweight and a downwardly angled tube holder, a central clearance volume for manually setting the sample tube, and dimensions optimized to just fill the fixed rotating circular object. The embodiment includes a centrifuge with an enclosure, a hinged lid, a motor, and a timer, without both user control and user display.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for fluid separation of particles suspended in a supernatant liquid. In particular, it is directed to the separation of whole blood into plasma and blood cell components using a centrifugation system. Other biological samples containing cells or microparticles can also be separated by such a centrifugation system. Conventional centrifugation devices require manual rotor balancing by the user.

Background Art

[0002] Whole blood rapidly deteriorates in vitro and thus is typically processed within 24 hours of sample acquisition. Whole blood can be separated into red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Plasma, when frozen, has a shelf life of up to one year and can be the subject of various analytical laboratory tests such as comprehensive biochemical tests or lipid tests to determine the overall health attributes of a person or to assist in making clinical decisions. Another advantage of separating whole blood into its plasma and cellular components is that it prevents diagnostic instruments from clogging with blood cells. Plasma is more stable than whole blood because red blood cells can hemolyze and release their intracellular contents into the sample, which can interfere with analyte concentrations in diagnostic tests. Serum, which is the liquid remaining after the clotting of whole blood, can also be centrifuged using embodiments of the present invention.

[0003] The prior art requires trained users, which limits its use in applications within the field, in remote locations by patients, in vehicles, and in desert areas. This typically requires transportation of samples from collection to the testing facility. This further limits the application of the prior art in time-constrained applications. Some of the prior art includes manually cranked centrifuges. These have problems including insufficient and inconsistent spin rates and spin times.

[0004] Conventional technology requires a pair of tubes containing the fluid for centrifugation to maintain balance between the centrifuge or the spinning rotor. Adjusting the second matching tube requires training, skill, equipment, and time.

[0005] Conventional technology requires the user to operate the centrifuge using a user interface, such as by setting the spin rate and spin time.

[0006] Conventional technology has two enclosures between the ambient air and the tube containing the sample. For example, the tube may be placed inside a spinning "spaceship" enclosure, which in turn is placed inside a centrifuge case or primary enclosure. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Embodiments of devices and methods of use that overcome the limitations and weaknesses of conventional centrifuges are described.

[0008] In one embodiment, the centrifuge device is small, lightweight, and inexpensive, in particular, to enable use in remote locations without the need for a trained user or power supply, and is made possible by specific structural features described herein. In some embodiments, the entire device is disposable.

[0009] In another embodiment, the centrifuge device lacks a user interface with switches, knobs, buttons, displays, etc. Operation requires only placing a single sample tube in the corresponding container and closing the lid. The centrifuge automatically starts, spins at the appropriate speed for the appropriate amount of time, and then automatically stops. The user can then remove the sample tube containing the separated portion of the sample. This embodiment has neither a start button nor a stop button.

[0010] In yet another embodiment, the device comprises a single container for exactly one sample tube. The rotor is pre-balanced at the location of a fixed counterweight, freeing the user from any weight balancing and thus freeing the user from the need to prepare a second tube. In fact, the user may not perform any weight balancing at all.

[0011] In yet another embodiment, the rotor is a single injection-molded monolithic component comprising a motor hub, a sample tube container, and a counterweight. Embodiments may also include aerodynamic "wings" to reduce air resistance during spinning. In a variation of this embodiment, the rotor is still a single monolithic element, however, this rotor includes a container for receiving one or more counterweights, such as steel balls. This counterweight element is typically hardware that is factory-installed and maintains the rotor's balance, requiring no user knowledge or training. In some embodiments, the counterweight and aerodynamic wings are combined in a single part of the rotor. Such embodiments may include a rotor design geometry that can be injection-molded in a single-pull molding process.

[0012] In yet another embodiment, the rotor comprises one or more “arms” or “lips” as part of a sample tube container that reflexibly holds a single sample tube by friction or by the use of pressure from the arms against the sides of the sample tube. The sample tube is simply pressed into the container by hand and then removed by hand by pulling it out of the container. The arms hold the sample tube in a fixed position relative to the rotor. The arms may be implemented by all or part of a “ring” around the neck of the tube, the ring having one or more slots around the sample tube to allow for reflexive compression.

[0013] In yet another embodiment, the container within the rotor holds the sample tube at a fixed angle greater than 0 degrees (horizontal tube) and less than 90 degrees (vertical tube) from the plane of the rotor.

[0014] The embodiment simply includes a rotor.

[0015] The embodiment includes a rotor and a centrifuge housing, a mechanism, and electronic equipment.

[0016] The embodiment includes the use of a primary battery sealed inside the centrifuge housing. This frees the user from any consideration of power supply, whether by external or battery installation, or by connection to a battery charging source.

[0017] A method and device for separating biological samples using a compact apparatus are described. The embodiment provides rotation of a single sample tube containing a biological sample without the need for equilibrium. The embodiment features a pre-equipped, compact, and disposable rotor within a small, portable, sterilizable, and self-contained housing. The device, through its lightweight structure and aerodynamic design, conserves energy and allows for powered operation using an internal or external battery or a separate portable and compact power source.

[0018] The embodiments are powered by a battery or another portable power source, enabling remote blood separation in locations where access to a plug-in centrifuge is limited. The use of the embodiments can be achieved in remote environments, homes, or vehicles without requiring an external power source. Internally powered centrifuges, such as those described herein, provide consistent spin rate and spin time performance required by regulations and standards for diagnostic testing. Furthermore, maintaining equilibrium and operating conventional centrifuges is beyond the capabilities of most untrained users, as can be common in remote, transport, or home environments. Home or remote testing is facilitated by small, portable, and internally powered centrifuges. Such embodiments have minimal size to facilitate portability and fit into typical pockets, backpacks, wallets, first-aid kits, etc. The embodiments include internal battery power operation, minimize the diameter of the centrifuge rotor to facilitate portability, and are self-balancing to eliminate the need for technically challenging equilibrium operations. Therefore, fully autonomous use by users, caregivers, or patients at home or in remote medical facilities is possible.

[0019] The embodiments described herein are generally intended to facilitate the separation and processing of fluid samples in situations where conventional centrifuges are often inadequate or unavailable, including (a) processing of samples with volumes of 0.02 mL to 2.00 mL, (b) processing by untrained users, (c) processing in remote areas or where power is unavailable, (d) processing with limited storage or containment space, and (e) processing under time constraints. Typically, such fluid samples are of a biological or medical nature and are not exclusive, but are not limited. This specification also provides, for example, the following: (Item 1) A rotor for use in centrifugal separation, wherein the rotor is The axis of rotation and A rotor plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, A motor mounting hub adapted to be attached to a motor shaft adapted to rotate around the aforementioned rotation axis, A tube holder adapted to manually and removably hold a single fluid sample tube at a fixed, predetermined angle from the rotor plane, When the rotor rotates with the aforementioned single fluid sample tube, a counterweight is fitted to balance the rotor, An open central portion is provided within the single tube holder, which is adapted to allow the single fluid sample tube to be manually passed through. A rotor equipped with a rotor. (Item 2) The rotor is monolithic, as described in item 1. (Item 3) The rotor according to item 1, wherein the fixed predetermined angle from the rotor plane is between 0 and 60 degrees (including 0 and 60 degrees). (Item 4) The rotor according to item 1, further comprising one or more support arms, the one or more support arms being connected to the single tube holder such that they provide elastic pressure to the side of the single fluid sample tube. (Item 5) The rotor according to item 4, wherein the pipe holding portion further comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, one or more support arms are connected to the upper portion, and the motor mounting hub is connected to the lower portion. (Item 6) The rotor according to item 1, further comprising a curved or angled counterweight support structure that mechanically connects the motor mounting hub to the counterweight, wherein the shape of the counterweight support structure does not interfere with the open central portion. (Item 7) The rotor according to item 1, wherein the counterweight comprises a leading edge and a trailing edge, the leading edge and the trailing edge, together with the rest of the counterweight, are adapted to minimize air resistance when the rotor spins. (Item 8) The rotor according to item 1, wherein the rotor has no moving parts other than the elasticity of the material from which the rotor is made. (Item 9) The rotor according to item 1, wherein the rotating shaft passes through a central opening. (Item 10) The rotor according to item 1, wherein the rotor can be manually attached and removed via the motor mounting hub without using tools. The rotor according to item 1, wherein the sample tube can be inserted into the tube holder and manually removed from the tube holder without using tools. (Item 11) The rotor according to item 1, wherein the rotor is adapted such that there are no requirements for manual balancing of one or more sample tubes containing one or more fluid samples. (Item 12) The rotor according to item 1, further comprising a rotating disk circular object centered on the rotating shaft, the rotating disk circular object defining a single maximum dimension from the rotating shaft, and all parts of the rotor and all parts of the single fluid sample tube when installed within the one tube holder are within the single maximum dimension from the rotating shaft. (Item 13) The rotor according to item 12, wherein the balancing weight has an outer edge on a balancing weight circular object centered on the rotating shaft, and the diameter of the balancing weight circular object is smaller than the diameter of the rotating disk circular object. (Item 14) The rotor according to item 1, wherein both the maximum distance of any part of the balancing weight from the rotating shaft and the maximum distance of any part of the single fluid sample tube from the rotating shaft are within the range of 80% to 100% (including 80% and 100%) of the radius of the rotating disk circular object from the rotating shaft. (Item 15) The rotor according to item 1, wherein at least 70% of the mass of the balancing weight is within the range of 50% to 100% (including 50% and 100%) of the radius of the rotating disk circular object from the rotating shaft. (Item 16) The rotor as described in item 1, wherein the length of the fluid sample tube is 50 mm or less, and the volume of the fluid sample is in the range of 20 μL to 1,000 μL. (Item 17) The angle of the plane defined by the upper and lower surfaces of the counterweight is offset from the plane of rotation by a range of 5 to 60 degrees. The rotor as described in item 1, wherein the angle of the tube axis of the single sample tube is offset from the plane of rotation by a range of 5 to 60 degrees. (Item 18) A method of using the rotor described in item 1, wherein the method is: The steps include: installing a sample tube containing a sample fluid into the rotor; The steps include: installing the rotor on a suitable centrifugal separator; The steps include spinning the rotor via the centrifugal separator, After the centrifuge stops spinning, the sample tube is removed. Methods that include... (Item 19) The method described in item 18, wherein the installation and removal of the sample tubes are performed manually and without tools. (Item 20) The preferred centrifuge described above is the method according to item 18, which has no visual user control, no user display, no wire connections, and no wireless data interface. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0020] [Figure 1A] Figure 1A shows a single-tube rotor enclosed in a top view. [Figure 1B] Figure 1B shows a single-tube rotor enclosed in a cross-sectional view. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows the enclosed single-tube rotor with the removed bottom section and assembly components in a top view. [Figure 3]Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the assembly within the device, revealing the enclosed single-tube rotor. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows the press-fit rotor in top view, side view, and cross-sectional view. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an angled press-fit rotor in a side view. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an enclosed single-tube rotor in an alternative top view. [Figure 7] Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C show the offset balanced rotor in side view A, side view B, and top view C. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a cross-section of the alternative press-fit rotor. [Figure 9A] Figure 9A shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the rotor. [Figure 9B] Figure 9B shows another perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the rotor. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows one embodiment of a centrifuge. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0021] The embodiments described herein generally include centrifuge devices intended to separate a heavy fraction from a light fraction in a fluid sample by the rotation of a rotor at an effective spin rate. One example of such a fluid sample is a blood sample containing plasma as the light fraction and blood cells as the heavy fraction. Such devices may also be used to separate serum from coagulated whole blood. The embodiments are optimized for applications where portability is desirable. Therefore, elements that minimize energy consumption and the size of the centrifuge device are included. Furthermore, the disclosed embodiments are configured or adapted to separate a fluid sample contained in a single tube or other container. Prior art centrifuge devices require the user to maintain rotor equilibrium. By including appropriate counterweights and other elements, the embodiments described and claimed herein may not require the user to maintain field equilibrium.

[0022] The main components of the centrifuge embodiment include a case, a lid, a motor, and a rotor. The case holds any necessary electronics, the motor, and an integrated power source such as a primary battery. (Other embodiments use an external power source or a rechargeable battery.) The lid is typically transparent, operably open and closed, and ideally has hinges fixed to the case. When open, the rotor is exposed, and a sample tube can be inserted or removed. When closed, the rotor and sample tube are isolated from ambient air and can be spun without the risk of contact from objects or hands. The motor comprises a motor shaft that spins when the motor is operating. The motor shaft is on the axis of the device and defines the axis of the device.

[0023] The rotor holds the sample tube and, by being mounted on the motor shaft, spins the sample tube centrifugally when the motor is operating. The rotor has a primary rotor plane that is perpendicular to the device axis. The axis of the centrifuge is also the spin axis of the rotor.

[0024] The rotor has three main components. Note that in some embodiments, the entire rotor is monolithic, and therefore, there may be no component boundaries, where the boundaries between such rotor components are within the rotor and are “clear lines”. The main rotor components are the hub, the sample tube container, and the counterweight. The hub attaches the rotor to the motor shaft. Ideally, this is a push-on, push-off type removable attachment, and when installed in this manner, friction typically holds the rotor on the motor shaft. In embodiments using a centrifuge that is used only once and then discarded, the rotor may be mounted to the motor shaft in a non-removable manner. The sample tube container is adapted to detachably receive a single suitable sample tube. Typically, an “arm” or “lip” as part of the monolithic rotor holds the sample tube in place by a combination of friction and pressure between the container and the sample tube. The counterweight, which may be part of a monolithically molded rotor or a separate element such as a steel ball, is placed in a suitable counterweight container within the rotor. The counterweight is located on the opposite side of the rotor axis from the sample tube container. It is fitted to optimally balance a typical sample tube placed in the sample tube container with a typical amount of sample. The rotor may also have aerodynamic "wings" to reduce the air resistance of the rotor when it spins. These aerodynamic wings may be part of the counterweight or counterweight container. In general, these wings should be as thin as possible while still having the necessary mass to achieve a rotor that operates (spins) in weight equilibrium. The wings have a leading edge, a trailing edge, and an average or maximum thickness.

[0025] The sample tube is held within the rotor's sample tube container at a fixed, predetermined angle with respect to the rotor plane.

[0026] First, an embodiment of the rotor will be described. Next, the entire centrifugal separation device will be described below.

[0027] Figure 1A shows an exemplary embodiment of a substantially disk-shaped rotor 101 that holds a surrounded single tube 102, the rotor 101 may comprise a distal hole 110 and a circumferential distal groove 111, and the sample tube 102 may be positioned inside a central opening 103 in the inner wall 105 such that the tube cap 106 may be positioned within 1 to 10 mm or 1 to 5 mm of the rotation axis 104 perpendicular to the page. The reference rotor plane is parallel to the page and perpendicular to the rotation axis 104. Thus, the sample tube 102 may not swing outward like a standard swing bucket rotor in the prior art, but may be held at a fixed angle with respect to the rotor plane, for example, 0 to 60 degrees (including 0 and 60 degrees), preferably 0 to 45 degrees (including 0 and 45 degrees). The bottom portion of the sample tube 102 (corresponding to the closed ends of the lid) may partially or entirely protrude from the distal hole 110 to allow for a rotor 101 with a reduced diameter. This element may be similarly mimicked on the opposite side of the nearly disk-shaped rotor in the distal groove 111 to reduce the diameter. Minimizing the diameter of the rotor 101 may increase the portability of the product. Separation of lighter fractions from heavier fractions in the sample may be possible when the rotor is spun at an effective spin rate such as 2,000 to 15,000 RPM. The sample tube 102 can then be removed from the central opening 103 after spinning for suspension extraction. The rotor 101 may be made of disposable material so that it can be easily disposed of after use to reduce the risk of contamination with biohazardous substances. The rotor 101 may be designed for a single use.

[0028] Figure 1B shows an exemplary cross-sectional side view of a substantially disk-shaped rotor 10 in cross-section AA-AA', which comprises an upper portion 108, a bottom portion 109, a hub 112, a distal hole 110, a distal groove 111, and a ballast enclosure or ribs 114, wherein ballast 113 may act as a counterweight for a sample tube 102, its lid 106 located around or near the rotation axis 104, and the sample tube 102 may hold a fluid sample 107. The ballast enclosure 114 may include a capture rib for holding the ballast 113 in place during centrifugal rotation such that the center of mass of the rotor 101 assembly is within 0 to 5 mm (including 0 and 5 mm), preferably within the range of 0 to 1 mm (including 0 and 1 mm), of the rotation axis 104. The ballast 113 may comprise one or more steel bearing balls of exemplary size, for example, 2 mm to 12 mm in diameter. The ballast 113 may also include other materials such as lead, tungsten, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, glass, ceramics, or other materials with a mass density greater than 1.0 or greater than 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter. The inner wall 105 can prevent the inner portion of the rotor from coming into contact with biotoxic substances in the fluid sample 107 from the sample tube 102 if the tube cap 106 is not properly fitted. Note that the tip of the sample tube 102 protrudes through the distal hole 110, as shown in this figure. The distal hole 110 also serves to hold the sample tube 102. The hub 112 may allow the rotor 101 to engage with the motor pins of the centrifuge motor. Other embodiments may not have a ballast enclosure 114 or ballast 113, but rather have an effective counterweight molded as part of the rotor 101. The upper and lower portions 108 and 109 of the rotor 101 may each be substantially disc-shaped, exhibiting an inverted bowl shape as shown in Figure 1B, and may have openings, slots, protrusions, or other features within the nominal disc shape. The upper and lower portions 108 and 109 of the rotor 101 may each be constructed and assembled separately, or preferably manufactured as a single monolithic element, such as by injection molding of the rotor 101.A preferred embodiment has a rotor 101 that can be molded in a single-shot, straight-pull injection mold.

[0029] Figure 2 shows an exemplary top view of the bottom portion 109 of the rotor 101, relating to an embodiment in which the rotor 101 is constructed from two parts: an upper portion 108 and a lower portion 109. The sample tube 102 may be placed in the bottom portion 109 of the embodiment in Figure 1A, with a side wall 201 adjacent to the side of the sample tube 102 below the tube cover 106. Thus, the sample tube 102 can be easily guided by the side wall 201 to slide into place for centrifugation. The ballast 113 is surrounded by a ballast enclosure 114 within the bottom portion 109 opposite the location of the sample tube 102, so that when the ballast 113 is spun around the rotation axis 104, the fluid sample 107 can be separated into lighter and heavier fractions. The inner wall 105 of the bottom portion 109 aligns with the matching inner wall 105 of the upper portion 108 when the mounting point 202 of the bottom portion 109 is aligned with the mating mounting point 202 on the upper portion 108 and press-fitted thereto. Other embodiments use a monolithic single-piece rotor 101 rather than a rotor with separate upper and lower portions 108 and 109 and mating mounting points 202. Other embodiments use a molded counterweight within the monolithic rotor rather than a separate “ballast” 113 in a ballast enclosure 114. The side wall 201 may be replaced by an “arm” or “lip” for holding the sample tube 102. In some embodiments, the terms “arm” or “lip” apply to the side wall 201.

[0030] Figure 3 shows an exemplary cross-sectional side view of a centrifuge 301 with a housing 302, which may include a hinge 304 that allows an operable lid 303 to open and expose the rotor 101, and the housing 302 is fitted to hold the sample tube 102 with the tube lid 106 above the internal upper surface 308. The rotor 101, which has a distal hole 110 and a distal groove 111, is compact enough to prevent interference with the lid 303 or housing 302 when spinning. The operable lid 303 of the rotor 103 may have a clearance range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm (including 0.1 mm and 10 mm), such as 5 mm. An electrical circuit or electronic controller provides power to the motor 305 from a power source 306, such as a primary battery. Electrical and electronic components may reside on a circuit board 30. The internal power supply 306 may comprise one or more lithium, alkaline, or nickel metal hydride batteries, either as a primary or rechargeable battery, or as another energy storage element such as a “supercapacitor”. Alternative embodiments support an external power supply or external power for recharging the rechargeable battery. In one embodiment, the surface of the enclosure 302 or the lid 303 may comprise a solar cell that can be used to recharge the internal rechargeable power supply. The rotation of the motor 305, fitted to the hub 112 of the rotor 101, causes the rotor 101 to rotate or spin, and thus subject the sample fluid in the sample tube 102 to centrifugal separation. The effective rotation rate of the rotor 101 may be 2,000 to 15,000 RPM (including 2,000 and 15,000 RPM), which may minimize the effective centrifugation time (time at the effective rotation rate), as well as cost, size, device complexity, and operational complexity, while maximizing safety, simplicity, public health, and device reliability. The housing 302 may be equipped with vibration damping material, which functions to reduce the vibration of the centrifuge in order to maintain sample purity and reduce audible noise. Examples of vibration damping materials include silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, butyl rubber, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The installation of one or more vibration damping elements is well known in the mechanical field.The internal surface 309 of the enclosure or the lid may be disinfectable or sterilizable, for example, by the use of sterile aerosols. Damping materials and sealing materials may be used in various locations within the embodiment. For example, the internal upper surface 308 of the circuit board 307, power supply 306, motor 305, or lid 303 may be isolated, mounted, or secured in any combination with damping materials or gaskets. Although not shown, the legs under the enclosure 302 may also be equipped with damping materials. The motor 305 may be a brushed or brushless motor. It may be a DC or AC motor, or a stepping or microstepping motor. A preferred motor may be a brushed DC motor.

[0031] Figure 4A shows an exemplary unenclosed press-fit rotor 401 comprising a rotor body 402 and an aerodynamic counterweight 403. The counterweight 403 compensates for the weight of the sample tube 102 and the fluid sample 107 relative to the shaft 104. The counterweight 403 has a leading edge and a trailing edge (relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor 401) to minimize air resistance. The counterweight 403 generally has a smooth, curved surface to minimize air resistance. A counterweight support 402 connects the counterweight to the hub 112. The rotor 401 comprises an “arm” 404 extending from the counterweight 403, which holds or elastically grips the sample tube 102 near its neck using fasteners 405 and 406 that partially surround the sample tube 102. The shape of the "arm" 402 can vary as long as it resiliently grips the sample tube 102 so that it can be easily and properly installed and removed from the rotor 401. The clasps 405 and 406 may have an upper clasp and a lower clasp, as shown. However, the clasps can vary in number and shape. For example, in other embodiments, the clasps are formed from a ring with one or more slots, the ring surrounding or partially surrounding the sample tube 102 at or near its neck. The clasps 405 and 406 resiliently and detachably hold the sample tube 102 by any combination of friction and pressure. The sample tube 102 is installed manually through the central opening 103. In the shown embodiment, the sample tube axis passes through the rotation axis 104. The rotor 401 may be equipped with rubber, plastic, or other elastomer material where the upper and lower fasteners 405 and 406 (see Figure 4B) contact the sample tube 102 to increase friction with the sample tube 102 and prevent it from moving during operation, particularly when starting and stopping the rotation. In another embodiment, the rotor 401 may wrap around the tube cap 106 to prevent leakage of the fluid sample 107 when the tube cap 106 is removed, particularly when the sample tube 102 is held in a horizontal or angled position.As shown in Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C, the rotor 401 is generally planar, such as the plane shown as CC-CC' in Figure 15, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 104. In other embodiments, the rotor 401 is angled downward from this plane, as shown in Figure 5, i.e., it is “bent” near the central portion at or near the axis of rotation 104. In this embodiment, the clasps 405 and 406 are angled so that the sample tube 102 is held at a fixed, predetermined downward angle from this plane. The counterweight 403 may also be angled downward or not. The resulting angle of the sample tube 102 can be angled from 1 to 89 degrees, or from 5 to 85 degrees, 30 to 60 degrees, or from 10 to 60 degrees. A preferred angle is 45 degrees.

[0032] Figure 4B shows an exemplary side view of the rotor 401, in which the hub 112 and lower fastener 406 of Figure 4A may also be seen. The hub 112 may be fitted to a centrifugal separator device such as a centrifugal separator 301, or directly or indirectly to the motor shaft of a motor 305, in order to rotate the rotor 401 around the rotating shaft 104.

[0033] Figure 4C shows an exemplary cross-section of the rotor 401 in BB-BB' (see Figure 4A), where the rotor 401 has a front surface 407 with a rim that includes an aerodynamic extension 408 and an entry surface 409. The entry surface 409 illustrates an opening into which the sample tube 102 can be press-fitted into a location between the two sides of the upper clasp 405 and the lower clasp 406 within the rotor 401. Thus, the middle section of the sample tube 102 is snap-fitted or press-fitted into the rotor, thereby the tube cover 106 is located behind the upper clasp 405 and the lower clasp 406 (proximal to the rotation axis 104), and the bottom end of the sample tube 102 may be visible in the center. The arm 404 may have a front surface 407 projecting outward from the sample tube 102 as part of the aerodynamic extension 408. The aerodynamic design with a rounded and smooth edge can minimize air resistance to the rotor 401 during rotation. The rotor 401 will preferably be manufactured as a single monolithic element, such as by injection molding. A preferred embodiment has a shape for the rotor 401 that can be molded in a single-stroke straight-pull injection molding. For example, the upper clasp 405 can be molded so that, when viewed from above, it does not overlap the lower clasp 406 at any point. Advantages of manufacturing as a single monolithic element by single-stroke straight-pull injection molding include lower cost and ease of production.

[0034] Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a press-fit rotor 401, in which the rotor 401 may be angled with respect to location CC-CC' as indicated by angle 501. In yet another embodiment, such an angle is also shown in Figure 3. In other respects, similar components such as a counterweight 403 may comprise the rotor 401, the counterweight 403 having an arm 404 to hold a sample tube 102 with a tube cap 106 containing a fluid sample 107 by upper and lower clasps 405 and 406, the lower clasp 406 fitting with the centrifuge 301 at a hub 112 to rotate around an axis 104. This embodiment may reduce the overall diameter of the rotor 401 so that, in combination with a suitable centrifuge 301, a compact centrifugation system or device can be optimized for factors described elsewhere in this specification. By tilting the sample tube 102 downwards, a smaller radius is achieved, allowing for a smaller occupied area for the centrifuge device or system drawn and surrounded by the sample tube. Furthermore, the fluid sample 107 is less likely to leak under gravity if the tube cap 106 is removed. With regard to any shape of the rotor 401, it should be noted that there must be clearances between the elements so that the sample tube 102 can be manually placed into and removed from the rotor 401 through the central opening 103.

[0035] Figure 6 shows an exemplary top view of an embodiment of a disc-shaped sandwich-type rotor 101 holding a surrounded single tube 102, similar to Figure 1, where a shorter minor radius 601 and a longer major radius 602 may create an egg or racetrack-shaped disc rather than a circular one, and the disc is centered on the rotation axis 104. Thus, material, weight, and cost can be reduced compared to a nominally circular rotor, as shown in Figure 1. The rotor 101 may have a distal hole 110 within a circumferential distal groove 111, and a sample tube 102 with a tube cover 106 may be placed inside the central opening 103 and contained within the inner wall 105.

[0036] Figure 7A shows a top view of yet another embodiment of the rotor 101, in which the tube holder 703 may occupy an offset space reflected from the arm 701, which has a counterweight 702. The tube holder is offset from the counterweight 702 in a line perpendicular to the sample tube axis, and the counterweight may be oriented parallel to the tube axis, which extends from the tube cover 106 through the fluid sample 107 to the bottom end of the sample tube 102.

[0037] Figure 7B shows an exemplary side view A of the sample tube rotor 101 of the embodiment shown in Figure 7A, viewed along the longitudinal side of the sample tube 102, and may show a tube holder 703, an arm 701 equipped with a counterweight 702, and a hub 112 positioned at the center of the rotation axis 104.

[0038] Figure 7C shows a side view of the rotor 101 in the embodiment shown in Figures 7A and 7B. The bottom end of the sample tube 102 is shown, and the sample tube 102 is held by a tube holder 703 and connected to a counterweight 701 through the phalangeal portion of the hub 112.

[0039] Figure 8 shows an exemplary cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the press-fit rotor 401, where the upper clasp 405 and optional or alternative lower clasp 801 may arise from the same portion to hold the sample tube 102 on two opposing sides. The tube cover 106 is located behind the clasp-fastened area of ​​the sample tube 102. The arm 404 may be contained within a front surface 407 projecting outward from the sample tube 102.

[0040] Here, with reference to Figures 9A and 9B, we will look at perspective views of further additional embodiments of the rotor. 101 shows the rotor. 901 shows the counterweight. The counterweight can have a number of embodiments, and there may be two or more. They can be constructed as part of a monolithic rotor. They may comprise one or more separate ballasts such as steel balls or other high-density materials. They may be held within the rotor by rotor retaining elements. It is advantageous that the counterweight is as aerodynamic as possible to reduce air resistance, which in turn minimizes vibration and noise, it also minimizes motor size; minimizes power supply size; maximizes the number of times the centrifuge can be started with a single internal power supply; and maximizes rotational speed, which in turn reduces the time required to centrifuge the fluid sample. The counterweight should generally be selected to optimally balance a typical sample tube filled with a typical amount and type of sample fluid. The counterweight may have a leading edge 911 that faces the air when the rotor spins, and a trailing edge 902 that faces away from the air when the rotor spins. The leading edge 911 and trailing edge 902, along with the shape and surface 912 of the counterweight, are ideally designed to minimize air resistance, as with any wing or aircraft wing. Typically, the optimal shapes for the leading edge 911 and trailing edge 902 are not the same, but they can be the same. The counterweight 901 does not need to be symmetrical, nor does it need to be located on the sample tube axis or the sample tube holder 906. The counterweight 901 may be angled downward from the rotor plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 923, but it does not need to be angled downward; it may be nearly horizontal to the rotor plane or angled upward. Angling downwards has several advantages, some of which include making the overall diameter of the rotor smaller than in non-angled embodiments, and also include more aerodynamic effects. The downward angle of the counterweight may be similar to the downward angle of the sample tube 924. 903 indicates an open volume within the rotor in the sample tube holding structure 906 that is sufficient to allow manual insertion and removal of the sample tube 924.This concave space (or volume) is somewhat difficult to represent within the requirements of the patent drawings. In this embodiment, this concave volume is defined by the counterweight 901, the counterweight support structure 910, the sample tube holder 906, and the hub 908. Note that the counterweight support structure 910 may have a somewhat non-intuitive shape in order to specifically create the required gap, as described with respect to the sample tube 924.

[0041] 906 illustrates one embodiment of the sample tube holder. Such structural elements or a plurality of structural elements may have many different forms. The purpose of the sample tube holder 906 is to removably hold the sample tube 924 during rotation, spin-up, spin-down, and manual insertion into and removal from the rotor 101. It is important that the sample tube 924 does not move or vibrate during the operation of such a centrifuge. The sample tube 924 may be held via friction and pressure from the arms 905 and 909, and the upper portion 907 and lower portion 904 of the sample tube holder structure 906. The sample tube holder structure 906 may have numerous embodiments such as fingers, rings, or segmented rings, and in some forms it may have a support or fastener for the sample tube lid 926, or a support or fastener for the distal end of the sample tube 924, which may be tapered or non-tapered. Note that, as shown in this embodiment, the upper portion 907 (similar to the upper clasp 405 associated with Figure 4) and the lower portion 904 (similar to the lower clasp 406 associated with Figure 4) partially wrap around the body of the sample tube 924. The sample tube support 906 may be symmetrical or asymmetrical, but in these figures it is shown as symmetrical. The arms 905 and 909 also have many forms. They are flexible to provide elastic pressure to the inserted sample tube 924 in order to assist in holding, however such pressure is not a requirement in all embodiments.

[0042] 908 indicates the hub portion of the rotor 101. Although not shown, the hub 908 is used to remove the rotor 101 directly or indirectly to the motor shaft of the centrifuge. See also Figure 10. In some embodiments, the mounting via 908 is not removable. The rotor 101 may be used only once and then discarded, or it may be removed for sterilization. The hub 908 may be attached to the motor shaft via friction press-fit or snap-fit. This may have internal ridges (not shown) or projections (not shown) to assist in precise mating to the motor shaft, which is particularly important during spin-up and spin-down. 912 indicates the upper surface of the counterweight 901. This surface should be smooth to optimize aerodynamic efficiency. However, for this same purpose, it may also be curved, as is the case with most wing surfaces. Although not shown, the lower surface of the counterweight 901 has similar requirements to the upper surface 912. It may or may not be parallel to the upper surface 912, as is the case with most wing structures. The aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor 101 and counterweight 901 can be designed via simulation software, or by testing on a centrifuge or in a wind tunnel. In a simpler method of optimization and testing, various designs can be tested in a centrifuge. When all else is comparable, the design with the fastest final spin speed, or the lowest vibration, or the lowest noise is often the most optimal and usable design among those tested. It is also desirable to minimize the manufacturing cost of the rotor by enabling single-shot straight-pull injection molding of the counterweight 901, minimizing material usage, and minimizing the maximum distal distance of any rotor 101 structure from the rotation axis 923, such as the diameter of the rotor 101. One advantage of angling the counterweight 901 downward from the rotor plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 923 is that it is possible to minimize the overall diameter of the rotor 101, and therefore minimize the size, weight, and cost.

[0043] Referring to Figure 9B, we can see the same rotor 101 as in Figure 9A. 921 indicates the direction of rotation. Typically, a rotor can spin in any direction, but the direction of rotation is important if the leading edge 911 and trailing edge 902 are not symmetrical. 922 shows the spin circle, which represents the maximum diameter of any part of the rotor 101 and sample tube 924 when spinning. It is advantageous that this circle is as small as possible to minimize power, size, and weight, and for the convenience of the rotor 101 and associated centrifuge 1007 (see Figure 10). Note that the outermost edge of the counterweight 901 is curved to match the spin circle 922. 923 indicates the axis of rotation, which passes through the center of the hub 908. Note that the hub 908 does not need to be symmetrical. Figure 9B also shows the sample tube 924 installed in the sample tube holder 906. In this embodiment, the distal end of the sample tube 924 extends distally from the sample tube holder 906. Furthermore, the upper part of the sample tube and the cap 926 extend proximal toward or even beyond the centerline of the axis 923. The advantage of this arrangement is to minimize the size of the spin circle 922, and the distal end of the sample tube 924 must clear it. In fact, the length of the sample tube 924 may be the primary determinant for minimizing the size of the spin circle 922. In this embodiment, the sample tube 924 and the sample tube holder 906 are angled downward from the rotor plane which is perpendicular to the axis 923. Similar to the downward angle of the counterweight 901, this arrangement can minimize the size of the spin circle 922, with the associated advantages described herein. Another advantage of angling the sample tube 924 downward is that if the cap 926 of the sample tube is not completely fixed over the sample tube 924, any sample fluid in the sample tube 924 is less likely to spill. 927 indicates an optional structural line between the counterweight 901 and the rest of the rotor 101 structure. The counterweight 901 and arms 905 and 909 can be angled downward from this line 927. However, any downward angle of the rotor 101 elements is not necessarily from this line or any other line.Figures 9A and 9B show the rotor 101 with curved edges. Such curved edges help maximize the aerodynamic efficiency of the rotor 101, improve manual handling, improve manufacturability, and reduce the overall weight of the rotor 101. Such curved edges are not required. Furthermore, any such curves can vary considerably in different parts of the rotor 101. Figure 9B shows the upper portion 925 of the sample tube holder 906. This same structure is shown in Figure 9A as 907, but it is more easily seen in Figure 9B that element 925, together with the lower holder element 904, helps to hold the sample tube 924 in place. The sample tube holder elements 904 and 925 are located on the "left and right" of the sample tube 924, compared to the top and bottom, because during spin-up and spin-down, the rotational acceleration of the sample tube 924 is greater than the acceleration force in the vertical direction (i.e., parallel to the axis 923). As a clear note, because the centrifugal force on the sample tube 924 away from the axis 923 is very large, the overall design of the rotor 101 must withstand these very large forces and reliably hold the sample tube 924 in place during spin-up, spin-down, and rotation, while still allowing the sample tube 924 to be easily inserted into and removed from the rotor 101 by hand.

[0044] Figure 10 shows one embodiment of a centrifuge 1001 suitable for a spinning rotor 1005. This centrifuge comprises an enclosed base 1007, a transparent lid 1003, and a hinge 1009. The lid 1004, not shown, is opened during insertion of the rotor 1005 into and removal of it from a motor shaft passing through a hub 1008. The lid 1004 is closed during the operation of the centrifuge. When closed, the lid lip 1004 provides a nominal seal against the base 1007. A gasket may be used to assist the seal, which can reduce noise, reduce vibration, and protect against damage or injury in case of failure. In one embodiment, the state of the lid 1003, such as open or closed, is detected by a magnet or other trigger 1002 installed inside or on the lid 1003. This magnet or other trigger may be detected by a sensor 1006 installed outside or inside the base 1007. This feature enables fully automatic operation of the centrifuge. The centrifuge automatically begins spinning when the lid 1003 is closed and continues spinning for a predetermined time interval or until the lid 1003 is opened. Embodiments of the centrifuge 1001 have no user control, such as buttons, switches, touch displays, or wireless operation from a remote control app or panel. Embodiments of the centrifuge 1001 have no user display, such as visual indicators, visual displays, or wireless displays from a remote control app or panel. Embodiments of the centrifuge 1001 have no audible indicators, however audible indicators, such as spin completion or error, may still be present in embodiments without user control and / or visual indicators. Embodiments may still optionally use wireless apps, such as smartphone applications, internet-based applications, or cloud-based applications, in any combination, without accompanying user control, accompanying visual indicators, or accompanying audible indicators. Wireless connectivity may be via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, cellular data, near-field communication (NFC), infrared signaling, or other wireless communication.

[0045] The size of small sample tubes is not standardized. A typical tube may be 50 mm in length. The typical tube volume for fluid samples is in the range of 50 μL to 1,000 μL. Another preferred range is 200 μL to 800 μL. For the purpose of selecting the weight of the balance weight, the tube may be considered to be in the range of 25% to 100% of the volume. Another preferred range is 60% to 80% of the volume. The typical rotor diameter may be in the range of 20 mm to 160 mm, or in the range of 50 mm to 100 mm. Suitable materials for rotors include polymers such as PP, PC, PET, ABS, POM, PS, glass-filled resin, nylon, Kevlar, and carbon fiber composites. POM or ABS are preferred. The polymer should have relatively high stiffness (elastic modulus better than 1.5 Gpa) and a density greater than 1 gram per cc.

[0046] Any counterweight or counterweight holder has a smooth curved surface to minimize air resistance during rotational operation and to minimize the cost of manufacturing the rotor 101. Furthermore, the shape of the embodiment may allow the monolithic rotor to be manufactured in a single step using straight-pull injection molding. The angular radius of the rotor 101 may be in the range of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm, or in the range of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm. These radii do not include the general shape of the sample tube holder, such as those seen in Figures 4C, 5, and 8, or the outer surface of the counterweight or rotor viewed from above, such as those shown in Figures 1A, 2, 4A, and 6.

[0047] In yet another embodiment, the counterweight of the rotor 101 may have aerodynamic structural features: a wider distal section and a narrower proximal section; a thicker distal section; and the counterweight may be further configured for lower aerodynamic resistance by further comprising front and rear surfaces that taper with respect to the direction of rotation, the tapered front and rear portions being at least 1 mm in length.

[0048] In yet another embodiment, the structural shape of the rotor 101 is provided with elements that make it suitable for manufacture using straight-pull injection molding, such that when viewed from above, the upper surfaces of the arms, rotor body, and upper and lower clasps are positioned such that they do not overlap or block each other, and when viewed from below, the lower surfaces of the arms, upper and lower clasps are positioned such that they do not overlap or block each other. With respect to any shape of the rotor, it should be noted that there must be gaps between the elements so that a sample tube 102 can be manually placed into and removed from the rotor, for example, through a central opening 103.

[0049] In yet another embodiment, the upper and lower clasps for holding the tube 102 have a proximal surface perpendicular to the angle of the tube, the proximal surface is positioned at the neck of the tube to support one or more flanges, and the proximal surface further comprises a taper, thereby the diameter of the tube being greater than the distance between a portion of the proximal surface on the upper clasp and a portion of the proximal surface on the lower clasp. In some embodiments, when the sample tube 102 is not installed in the rotor, the openings formed by the upper and lower clasps or other structures for holding the installed sample tube 102 are slightly smaller than the diameter of the sample tube 102, and when the sample tube 102 is installed in the rotor, such clasps or other structures flex outward and thus provide pressure on the sample tube 102. Such pressure is suitable for manual installation and removal of the sample tube 102 from the rotor 101 while maintaining the sample tube 102 in a fixed position during operation. (Additional embodiments)

[0050] The following embodiments and their equivalents are particularly claimed in any combination of features and limitations. A. An embodiment of the apparatus, wherein the embodiment of the apparatus is The rotor assembly comprises a rotor shaft, a rotating shaft, a housing, a motor, a battery set, and a centrifuge cover, the centrifuge cover being positioned to cover the rotor, the battery set providing power to the motor that spins the rotor device, the rotor assembly comprising an upper part, a lower part, ballast, a sample tube containing a fluid sample, and a tube cover, the rotor assembly being configured or adapted to rotate only one tube, the sample tube being held at a fixed angle of 0 to 20 degrees with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and the rotor assembly is configured to rotate the sample tube An embodiment of the apparatus having an entry hole in an upper portion configured or adapted to allow reversible installation within a rotor assembly, the rotor assembly having an aerodynamic cross-section, the rotor having a mating hub that connects to a motor on the axis of rotation, the tube cover being positioned within the rotor assembly so as to be within 5 mm of the axis of rotation, the rotor assembly having an outer edge, the ballast being held by a capture rib on the opposite side of the axis of rotation from the tube, and the ballast being positioned so as to be within 2 mm of the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly. B. The apparatus of embodiment A, further comprising a distal hole that allows the bottom portion of the sample tube to protrude from the edge of the rotor assembly. C. The apparatus of embodiment A, further comprising a circumferential groove in the upper portion, the circumferential groove reducing the diameter of the rotor. D. The apparatus of Embodiment A, wherein the lid of the centrifuge is within 1.5 mm of the rotor edge. E. The apparatus of Embodiment A, wherein the rotor apparatus has a longer shaft and a shorter shaft, and has a front surface edge with an aerodynamic extension, and the ballast and sample tube are located along the long axis. F. The apparatus of Embodiment A, wherein the ballast has one or more steel bearing balls. G. The apparatus of embodiment A, wherein the housing is equipped with vibration damping material. H. Embodiments of the apparatus, wherein the embodiments of the apparatus are The system comprises a rotor, a sample tube, a tube cap, a fluid sample contained within the sample tube, a rotating shaft, a housing, a motor, a battery set, and a centrifuge lid, the centrifuge lid being positioned to cover the rotor, the battery set providing power to the motor that spins the rotor device, the rotor comprising a single monolithic section, the rotor configured or adapted to rotate only one tube, the rotor comprising a rotating shaft, the sample tube being held at a fixed angle of 0 to 20 degrees with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and the motor being positioned on the rotating shaft. Embodiment of the apparatus, wherein the hub is coupled to a rotor, the rotor further comprising a body and a counterweight having an aerodynamic cross-section, the counterweight being constructed such that the center of mass of the rotor assembly is within 2 mm of the axis of rotation, the tube cap being positioned within the rotor so as to be within 5 mm of the axis of rotation, the rotor further comprising an arm and an upper clasp, the upper clasp being fortuitously holding the sample tube when the rotor is rotated at an effective rate, the arm and upper clasp having an aerodynamic surface, and the upper clasp having an entry surface. I. The apparatus of Embodiment H, wherein the upper fastener is joined to the counterweight by the arm, and the projection is configured or adapted to flex away when a sample tube is inserted from above, and which houses a plurality of bore tubes. J. Apparatus of embodiment H, further comprising an aerodynamic extension. The apparatus of embodiment H further comprises a lower fastener extending from the K hub or from the upper fastener. L. Embodiments of the apparatus, wherein the embodiments of the apparatus are The system comprises a rotor, a tube, a tube cover, a fluid sample contained within the tube, a rotating shaft, a housing, a motor, a battery set, and a centrifuge cover, the centrifuge cover being positioned to cover the rotor, the battery set providing power to the motor that spins the rotor device, the rotor comprising a single monolithic section, the rotor configured or adapted to rotate only one tube, the rotor comprising a rotating shaft and a tube axis, and the sample tube being 0 to 20 degrees relative to a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft. Embodiment of the apparatus, which is held at a fixed angle (including 0 and 20 degrees), the centerline of the tube is positioned parallel to the tube axis, the motor is coupled to the rotor at a hub located on the axis of rotation, the rotor further comprises a counterweight with an aerodynamic cross-section, the rotor comprises an annular tube holder offset from the counterweight in a line perpendicular to the tube axis, the counterweight is oriented parallel to the tube axis, and the counterweight has an aerodynamic cross-section of less than half the cross-section of the sample tube.

[0051] The following embodiments and their equivalents are particularly claimed in any combination of features and limitations. M. A centrifuge, and a centrifuge is, A rotor equipped with a sample tube holder, A motor with a motor shaft and a rotating shaft, An enclosure equipped with a motor, an electric light source, and a rotary timer, The lid and A sensor adapted to detect the state of the lid when it is open or closed. Equipped with, A centrifuge in which the rotor starts rotating and the timer starts when the lid is closed, and stops when either the lid is opened or the timer ends first. N. A centrifuge of embodiment M, without user control, without a visual user display, and without attached wires. O. Centrifuge of embodiment AL without a wireless data interface. P. A centrifuge or rotor according to any of the above embodiments, wherein neither the centrifuge nor the rotor requires any equilibrium. Q. Effective use is performed without tools, using any of the centrifuges or rotors of the above embodiments.

[0052] The descriptions, scenarios, examples, and drawings are non-limiting embodiments. All references to “invention” or “variation” refer to “embodiments.”

[0053] The embodiments described herein relate to devices intended for use in blood separation and methods for using such devices. Other embodiments have other applications.

[0054] The drawings are not to scale.

[0055] The terms "device" and "apparatus" are synonymous and interchangeable. Unless otherwise stated or evident from the context, "device" refers to either a centrifuge or a rotor for a centrifuge. The terms "rotate" and "spin" are synonymous and interchangeable. The terms "counterweight" and "counterbalance" are synonymous and interchangeable.

[0056] Ideal, Ideally, Optimum, and Preferred – The use of the words “ideal,” “ideally,” “optimum,” “optimum,” “should,” and “preferred,” when used in the context describing the present invention, specifically refers to the best mode for one or more embodiments for one or more uses of the present invention. Such best modes are not limiting and may not be the best mode for all embodiments, uses, or implementation techniques, as those skilled in the art will understand.

[0057] All examples are sample embodiments. In particular, the phrase, “invention,” should be interpreted under all conditions as “an emboidment of this invention.” The examples, scenarios, and drawings are non-limiting. Only the limitations of the invention are present in the claims.

[0058] The words "may," "could," "option," "optional," "mode," "alternative," "typical," "ideal," and "feature" are used in a context describing the invention to specifically refer to various embodiments of the invention. The benefits described refer only to those embodiments that provide those benefits. All descriptions herein are non-limiting, as those skilled in the art will understand. The phrase "configured to" also means "adapted to." The phrase "a condiguration" means "an embodiment."

[0059] All numerical ranges within this specification are merely illustrative and non-limiting embodiments. The brief descriptions of the figures are also merely illustrative and non-limiting embodiments.

[0060] Embodiments of the present invention expressly include all combinations and secondary combinations of all features, elements, and limitations of all claims. Embodiments of the present invention expressly include all combinations and secondary combinations of all features, elements, examples, embodiments, tables, values, scopes, and drawings, figures, and all drawing sheets in the specification. Embodiments of the present invention expressly include devices and systems for implementing any combination of all methods described in the invoice, specification, and drawings. Embodiments of the methods of the present invention expressly include all combinations of dependent method claim steps in any functional order. When an embodiment of a method of the present invention refers to any device claim, it expressly includes all combinations of elements in the device claim and its substitution for any and all other device claims.

Claims

1. A rotor for use in centrifugal separation, wherein the rotor is A motor mounting hub adapted to be attached to a motor shaft adapted to rotate around a rotation axis, wherein the rotor has a rotor plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, A sample tube holder adapted to removably hold a single fluid sample tube at a fixed predetermined angle from the rotor plane, A counterweight adapted to balance the rotor when the single fluid sample tube rotates, the counterweight comprising a distal section and a proximal section with respect to the axis of rotation, wherein the distal section is wider than the proximal section, A sample tube container adapted to allow manual insertion and removal of the single fluid sample tube in one of the sample tube holders, It is equipped with, The rotor is monolithic, A rotor in which the fixed predetermined angle from the rotor plane is 0 to 60 degrees (including 0 and 60 degrees).

2. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein the counterweight has a wing-shaped structure.

3. The rotor according to claim 2, wherein the counterweight comprises a leading edge and a trailing edge, and at least one of the leading edge or the trailing edge is tapered with respect to the direction of rotation.

4. The rotor according to claim 3, wherein the tapered leading edge and / or tapered trailing edge are at least 1 mm in length.

5. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein the counterweight has a structural line between the counterweight and the rest of the rotor, and the counterweight is angled downward from the structural line.

6. A portable centrifugal separator, The rotor according to claim 1, The surrounded base, A lid attached to the enclosed base via a hinge and A portable centrifuge equipped with [a specific feature / feature].

7. The portable centrifuge according to claim 6, wherein the lip of the lid is configured to provide a seal to the surrounded base when the lid is closed to the base.

8. The rotor according to claim 1, wherein the one sample tube holder is configured to wrap at least partially around the body of the single fluid sample tube, and the one sample tube holder is flexible to provide elastic pressure to the single fluid sample tube.

9. A rotor for use in centrifugal separation, wherein the rotor is A motor mounting hub adapted to be attached to a motor shaft adapted to rotate around a rotation axis, wherein the rotor has a rotor plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, A sample tube holder adapted to removably hold a single fluid sample tube at a fixed predetermined angle from the rotor plane, wherein the sample tube holder is configured to wrap at least partially around the body of the single fluid sample tube, and the sample tube holder is flexible to provide elastic pressure to the single fluid sample tube, When the rotor rotates with the aforementioned single fluid sample tube, a counterweight is fitted to balance the rotor, A sample tube container adapted to allow manual insertion and removal of the single fluid sample tube in one of the sample tube holders, It is equipped with, The rotor is monolithic, A rotor in which the fixed predetermined angle from the rotor plane is 0 to 60 degrees (including 0 and 60 degrees).

10. The rotor according to claim 9, further comprising one or more support arms connecting the counterweight and the one sample tube holder.

11. The rotor according to claim 10, wherein the one sample tube holder further comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, one or more support arms connect the counterweight to the upper portion, and the motor mounting hub connects to the lower portion.

12. The motor mounting hub is further provided with a counterweight support structure that mechanically connects to the counterweight, The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the sample tube container is defined by the counterweight, the counterweight support structure, the motor mounting hub, and the one sample tube holding portion.

13. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the counterweight is a thin wing-shaped structure having a leading edge and a trailing edge.

14. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the rotating shaft passes through the motor mounting hub.

15. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the rotor is adapted so as not to require manual balancing of one or more sample tubes containing one or more fluid samples.

16. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the rotor comprises a spin circle centered on the axis of rotation, the spin circle defining a single maximum diameter of the rotor and any portion of a single fluid sample tube.

17. The rotor according to claim 16, wherein the counterweight has an outermost edge that is curved to match the spin circle.

18. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the length of the single fluid sample tube is 50 mm or less, and the volume of the single fluid sample tube is in the range of 20 μL to 1,000 μL.

19. The angle of the plane defined by the upper and lower surfaces of the counterweight is offset from the plane of rotation by a range of 5 to 60 degrees. The rotor according to claim 9, wherein the angle of the tube axis of the single sample tube is offset from the rotation plane by a range of 5 to 60 degrees.

20. A method of using the rotor according to claim 9, wherein the method is: The steps include: installing the single fluid sample tube containing the sample fluid into the rotor; The steps include installing the rotor on the centrifugal separator, The steps include spinning the rotor via the centrifugal separator, After the centrifuge stops spinning, the single fluid sample tube is removed. Methods that include...

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the installation and removal of the single fluid sample tube is performed manually and without tools.

22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the centrifugal separator has no visual user control, no user display, no wire connections, and no wireless data interface.

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