Water body structures, breakwater structure installation method, and breakwater structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a water body structure, a method for installing a breakwater structure, and a breakwater structure, which do not require the removal of the superstructure of existing water body structures during installation. [Solution] A water body structure 70 comprising an existing water body structure 100 having a plurality of piles 102 and a superstructure 104 supported by the plurality of piles 102, and a wave break structure 10, wherein the wave break structure 10 has a plate member 12 and a first enclosure 14A and a second enclosure 14B that jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal area of ​​the piles 102, the first enclosure 14A being attached to one side of the plate member 12, the first enclosure 14A and the second enclosure 14B being configured to be attachable from the side to the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal area of ​​the piles 102, and the wave break structure 10 being attached to the piles 102 of the existing water body structure 100 such that the plate member 12 is located at the outer edge of the existing water body structure 100 and the front surface of the plate member 12, which is the surface opposite to the aforementioned one side, faces the water body side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a water area structure, a method for installing a wave protection structure, and a wave protection structure. More specifically, it relates to a water area structure, a method for installing a wave protection structure, and a wave protection structure that do not require the removal of the superstructure of an existing water area structure during installation.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the effects of climate change, which is thought to be caused by global warming, have become apparent, and we often hear news such as rising sea levels and intensified typhoons. Due to the characteristics of water area structures existing in the water area, they are strongly affected by rising sea levels and intensified typhoons, so it is necessary to take countermeasures.

[0003] Rising sea levels and intensified typhoons bring high waves. In the case of a pier, which is one of the water area structures, uplift pressure generated by waves entering under the pier acting on the floor slab, which is the superstructure, may cause problems such as the pulling out of piles in the pier, and the pier may be damaged (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] In contrast, Non-Patent Document 1 examines how the length of the overhang of the pier affects the reduction of uplift pressure on the floor slab, and qualitatively shows that it is effective to lower the height of the lower end of the overhang as a measure to reduce the uplift pressure of the pier, and proposes it as one of the countermeasure plans.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0005]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] However, while Non-Patent Document 1 shows that lowering the height of the lower end of the front overhang is an effective measure to reduce the uplift pressure on the pier, it does not disclose how to install a front overhang on existing piers that currently lack one.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and aims to provide a water body structure, a method for installing a breakwater structure, and a breakwater structure that do not require the removal of the superstructure of an existing water body structure during installation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention solves the aforementioned problems and relates to the following aquatic structure, breakwater structure installation method, and breakwater structure.

[0009] That is, the first embodiment of the water body structure according to the present invention is a water body structure comprising: an existing water body structure having a plurality of piles with their lower ends embedded in the ground underwater and a superstructure supported by the plurality of piles; and a wave break structure, wherein the wave break structure has a plate member and a first enclosure and a second enclosure that jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile, the first enclosure is attached to one side of the plate member, the first enclosure and the second enclosure are configured to be attachable from the side to the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile, and the wave break structure is attached to the pile of the existing water body structure such that the plate member is located at the outer edge of the existing water body structure and the front surface, which is the surface of the plate member opposite to the one side, faces the water body.

[0010] Here, the phrase "attached to one surface of the plate member" means that the first enclosure is attached not only to one surface of the plate member directly, but also to a surface where it is attached indirectly via another member. Similar descriptions elsewhere in this application shall be interpreted in the same way.

[0011] Furthermore, in this application, "the outer edge of the existing water body structure" refers to the outer edge of the existing water body structure as viewed from above, and the area in its vicinity. Similar descriptions in other parts of this application shall be interpreted in the same way.

[0012] A second embodiment of the water body structure according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the water body structure according to the first embodiment, there are multiple sets of enclosures, each consisting of a first enclosure and a second enclosure corresponding to the first enclosure, which are positioned at different locations in the width direction of the plate member.

[0013] Here, "the width direction of the plate member" shall be determined as the state in which the breakwater structure having the plate member is attached to the pile of the existing water body structure. Similar descriptions elsewhere in this application shall be interpreted in the same way.

[0014] A third embodiment of the water body structure according to the present invention is a water body structure according to the first or second embodiment, characterized in that there are multiple sets of enclosures, each consisting of a first enclosure and a second enclosure corresponding to the first enclosure, positioned at different locations in the height direction of the plate member.

[0015] Here, "the height direction of the plate member" shall be determined by the state in which the breakwater structure having the plate member is attached to the pile of the existing water body structure. Similar descriptions elsewhere in this application shall be interpreted in the same way.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the aquatic structure according to the present invention is an aspect of the aquatic structure according to any of the first to third aspects, characterized in that a fender is attached to the front surface of the plate member of the breakwater structure.

[0017] A fifth aspect of the aquatic structure according to the present invention is an aspect of the aquatic structure according to any of the first to fourth aspects, characterized in that a plurality of wave break structures are attached to the existing aquatic structure, and the wave break structures are arranged in a row in the width direction of the plate members thereof.

[0018] A sixth aspect of the aquatic structure according to the present invention is a characteristic feature of the aquatic structure according to the fifth aspect, wherein adjacent plate members in the width direction are connected by a joint member.

[0019] A seventh embodiment of the water body structure according to the present invention is a water body structure according to any of the first to sixth embodiments, characterized in that the first enclosure and the second enclosure are provided with anchor members for preventing the filling material from shifting on their inner surfaces.

[0020] An eighth aspect of the aquatic structure according to the present invention is an aspect of the aquatic structure according to any of the first to seventh aspects, characterized in that the aquatic structure is a pier.

[0021] A first aspect of the wave break structure installation method according to the present invention is a method for installing a wave break structure on an existing water body structure having a plurality of piles with their lower ends embedded in the ground underwater and a superstructure supported by the plurality of piles, wherein the wave break structure has a plate member and a first enclosure and a second enclosure that jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile, the first enclosure is attached to one side of the plate member, and the first enclosure and the second enclosure are configured to be attachable from the side to the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile, and the wave break structure is installed underwater The method for installing a breakwater structure is characterized by comprising: an underwater deployment step of deploying the structure; a closing step of positioning the plate member of the breakwater structure deployed in the underwater deployment step at the outer edge of the existing water body structure, and facing the front surface, which is the surface opposite to the one surface of the plate member, toward the water body, and closing the first enclosure and the second enclosure so as to jointly surround the circumferential surface of a part of the longitudinal region of the pile of the existing water body structure, thereby forming an enclosure; and an integration step of injecting grout material between the enclosure formed in the closing step and a part of the longitudinal region of the pile to integrate them.

[0022] The second aspect of the method for installing a breakwater structure according to the present invention is as follows: In the method for installing a breakwater structure of the first aspect, a distance adjusting member for adjusting the distance between the plate member and the pile is provided between the first surrounding portion and the plate member, and the plate member is connected to the pile via the distance adjusting member.

[0023] The third aspect of the method for installing a breakwater structure according to the present invention is as follows: In the method for installing a breakwater structure of the first or second aspect, before the underwater casting step, there is a step of attaching a support member for supporting the breakwater structure to the pile of the existing water area structure, and the breakwater structure is installed on the support member attached to the pile in the support member attaching step.

[0024] The first aspect of the breakwater structure according to the present invention is a breakwater structure to be attached to an existing water area structure having a plurality of piles with lower ends buried in the ground underwater and an upper structure supported by the plurality of piles, the breakwater structure having a plate member, and a first surrounding portion and a second surrounding portion that jointly surround the circumferential surface of a partial region in the longitudinal direction of the pile, wherein the first surrounding portion is attached to one surface of the plate member, and the first surrounding portion and the second surrounding portion are configured to be attachable laterally to the circumferential surface of a partial region in the longitudinal direction of the pile.

[0025] The second aspect of the breakwater structure according to the present invention is as follows: In the breakwater structure of the first aspect, a distance adjusting member for adjusting the distance between the plate member and the pile is provided between the first surrounding portion and the plate member, and the plate member is connected to the pile via the distance adjusting member.

[0026] The third aspect of the breakwater structure according to the present invention is as follows: In the breakwater structure of the first or second aspect, before enclosing and closing the circumferential surface of a partial region in the longitudinal direction of the pile, the second surrounding portion is not connected to the first surrounding portion and is separately separated.

[0027] The fourth aspect of the wave protection structure according to the present invention is an aspect characterized in that, in the wave protection structure according to any one of the first to third aspects, the second enclosure part is connected to the first enclosure part via a hinge so as to be openable and closable.

[0028] The fifth aspect of the wave protection structure according to the present invention is an aspect characterized in that, in the wave protection structure according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the first enclosure part and the second enclosure part are connected by a flange joint and can be closed.

[0029] The sixth aspect of the wave protection structure according to the present invention is an aspect characterized in that, in the wave protection structure according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the plate member is a steel plate, and a long steel material is attached to one surface of the plate member such that the longitudinal direction is the width direction of the plate member.

[0030] The seventh aspect of the wave protection structure according to the present invention is an aspect characterized in that, in the wave protection structure according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the plate member has a portion that protrudes upward at a position in the width direction where the first enclosure part does not exist.

[0031] The eighth aspect of the wave protection structure according to the present invention is an aspect characterized in that, in the wave protection structure according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, a sacrificial anode is further provided, and the sacrificial anode is attached to one surface of the plate member.

Effects of the Invention

[0032] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a water area structure, a method for installing a wave protection structure, and a wave protection structure that do not require the removal of the upper structure of an existing water area structure during installation.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] [Figure 1] Side view schematically showing a state in which a wave protection structure 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is attached to a water area structure (existing pier 100) [Figure 2] This schematic perspective view shows the front of a water body structure (pier 70) to which a wave break structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached, viewed from diagonally above. [Figure 3] This schematic perspective view shows the rear of a water body structure (pier 70) to which a wave break structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached, viewed from diagonally below. [Figure 4] A schematic perspective view showing the front of the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed from diagonally above. [Figure 5] A schematic perspective view showing the rear of the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed from diagonally above. [Figure 6] This is a schematic top view showing the procedure for attaching the wave-breaking structure 10 to the pile 102 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is the state immediately before closing the enclosure 14, and (B) is the state after closing the enclosure 14. [Figure 7] This figure schematically shows the support member 18 of the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a side view and (B) is a top view. [Figure 8] A schematic diagram showing the state in which anchor members 14E for preventing grout displacement are provided on the inner circumferential surface of the enclosure portion 14 (first enclosure portion 14A and second enclosure portion 14B). [Figure 9] Flowchart showing the procedure for installing a wave-breaking structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] This is a schematic top view showing the procedure for attaching the wave-breaking structure 20 to the pile 102 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is the state immediately before closing the enclosure 22, and (B) is the state after closing the enclosure 22. [Figure 11] A schematic diagram showing the wave-breaking structure 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention attached to a pile 102, viewed from the rear side. [Figure 12] A schematic diagram showing the wave-breaking structure 40 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention attached to a pile 102, viewed from the rear side. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0034] Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a water body structure, a method for installing a breakwater structure, and a breakwater structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. Specifically, a pier will be used as the water body structure to which this embodiment applies, but the type of pier to which the present invention applies is not particularly limited. The present invention can be applied to any of the following: a vertical pier (breakwater pier) which is a type of pier that is installed perpendicular to the seawall, a horizontal pier (side pier) which is a type of pier that is installed parallel to the seawall, and an island pier (island-type pier) which is a type of pier that is installed in a place where a certain water depth is secured away from the seawall. Furthermore, the water body structures to which the present invention applies are not limited to piers.

[0035] (1) First Embodiment (1-1) Breakwater structures and water body structures (piers) A breakwater structure 10 and a pier 70 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The pier 70 is a water body structure formed by attaching the breakwater structure 10 to an existing pier 100, and is a water body structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic side view showing the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention attached to a water body structure (existing pier 100), Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the front of the water body structure (pier 70) to which the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached, viewed from diagonally above, Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view showing the back of the water body structure (pier 70) to which the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is attached, viewed from diagonally below, and Figure 4 shows the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view showing the front of the structure from an oblique upward angle. Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the back of the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention from an oblique upward angle. Figure 6 is a schematic top view showing the procedure for attaching the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention to the pile 102, where (A) is the state just before closing the enclosure 14 and (B) is the state after closing the enclosure 14. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the support member 18 of the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a side view and (B) is a top view. Note that the support member 18 is not shown in Figure 3, and the various reinforcing members such as the horizontal reinforcing member 12B are not shown in Figure 6. Also, in Figure 1, reference numeral 202 indicates the bottom of the water and reference numeral 204 indicates the water surface.

[0037] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a wave-breaking plate 12, an enclosure 14, and a distance adjustment member 16, and the pier 70 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is constructed by attaching the wave-breaking structure 10 to an existing pier 100.

[0038] The breakwater plate 12 is attached to the piles 102 of the existing pier 100 with its front surface 12X (the side opposite to the side where the enclosure 14 is provided) facing the water. This prevents waves from entering below the superstructure 104 of the existing pier 100 and suppresses uplift pressure acting on the superstructure 104 even during high waves caused by typhoons, etc. As a result, the breakwater plate 12 prevents the piles 102 of the existing pier 100 from being pulled out of the ground 200 during high waves caused by typhoons, etc., and prevents the existing pier 100 from being damaged during high waves. In order to ensure that the breakwater plate 12 reliably exerts this effect, as shown in Figure 1, the upper end of the breakwater plate 12 extends beyond the water surface 204 and reaches the vicinity of the superstructure 104 of the existing pier 100.

[0039] The wave-breaking plate 12 is made of steel plate, and horizontal reinforcing members 12B are attached to its back surface 12Y (the surface opposite to the front surface 12X) so that the longitudinal direction is the width direction of the wave-breaking plate 12. The thickness of the steel plate used as the wave-breaking plate 12 depends on the design conditions, but is for example about 10 to 20 mm. Specifically, a T-shaped steel beam can be used as the horizontal reinforcing member 12B attached to the back surface 12Y of the wave-breaking plate 12. When a T-shaped steel beam is used as the horizontal reinforcing member 12B, depending on the design conditions, it is conceivable to use a beam with a height of about 200 to 300 mm, a width of about 200 to 300 mm, and a web and flange thickness of about 10 to 20 mm, with a vertical pitch of about 500 mm. Note that the horizontal reinforcing member 12B is not limited to a T-shaped steel beam, and appropriate reinforcing materials (such as L-shaped steel beams or flat bars) can be used as appropriate based on design calculations.

[0040] The first enclosure section 14A of the enclosure section 14 is attached to the back surface 12Y of the breakwater plate 12 via a distance adjustment member 16. When attaching the breakwater structure 10 to the existing pier 100, the breakwater structure 10 is positioned so that a portion of the pile 102 in the longitudinal direction is jointly enclosed by the first enclosure section 14A and the second enclosure section 14B. The flange section 14A1 of the first enclosure section 14A and the flange section 14B1 of the second enclosure section 14B are connected with bolts 14C to form a closed enclosure section 14, and the breakwater structure 10 is attached to the existing pier 100. The distance adjustment member 16 connects the first enclosure section 14A to the breakwater plate 12 and is a member for adjusting the distance between the breakwater plate 12 and the pile 102 (details will be described later).

[0041] Furthermore, the breakwater plate 12 does not have to be made from a single seamless steel plate; it may be made by welding multiple steel plates together in the width direction. In Figures 2 to 5, the distance adjustment member 16 is a box-shaped steel member, with one side used as part of the breakwater plate 12. Steel plates are welded to both the left and right sides of the box-shaped distance adjustment member 16 to form the breakwater plate 12 (that is, multiple steel plates are welded together in the width direction to form the breakwater plate 12). On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the breakwater plate 12 is made from a single seamless steel plate, and the distance adjustment member 16 is a rectangular tubular steel member, welded to the back surface 12Y of the breakwater plate 12. The configurations shown in Figures 2 to 5 (a configuration in which steel plates are welded to both the left and right sides of a box-shaped distance adjustment member 16) become equivalent to the configuration shown in Figure 6 (a configuration in which the wave-breaking plate 12 is formed from a single seamless steel plate, and a rectangular tubular steel member, the distance adjustment member 16, is welded to its back surface 12Y) after welding. Therefore, in this specification, the configurations shown in Figures 2 to 5 may be described as being the same as the configuration shown in Figure 6 (a configuration in which the wave-breaking plate 12 is formed from a single seamless steel plate, and a rectangular tubular steel member, the distance adjustment member 16, is welded to its back surface 12Y).

[0042] Furthermore, in Figures 2 to 5, a single wave-breaking plate 12 is constructed by providing four sets of two enclosure sections 14, arranged vertically without gaps, in the width direction of the wave-breaking plate 12. However, in Figure 1, the two enclosure sections 14 are depicted with a gap between them, arranged vertically. Whether or not to provide a gap between the two vertically arranged enclosure sections 14 can be appropriately determined according to the design conditions.

[0043] As shown in Figure 2, the superstructure 104 of the existing pier 100 has beam sections 104B and joint sections 104C in addition to the deck slab 104A, but these are also located on the outer edge of the existing pier 100, and the wave-breaking plate 12 cannot be placed in those locations. Therefore, in the wave-breaking structure 10 according to this first embodiment, in order to close the space between the beam sections 104B and joint sections 104C of the superstructure 104, a wave-breaking plate projection 12A is provided on the wave-breaking plate 12 that protrudes upward from the main body of the wave-breaking plate 12 in the widthwise portion where the first enclosure section 14A does not exist, thereby suppressing waves from entering below the superstructure 104 from the space between the beam sections 104B and joint sections 104C of the superstructure 104. As shown in Figure 5, the wave-breaking plate projection 12A is reinforced by end reinforcing members 12A3 provided at both ends in the widthwise direction on the back side. The end reinforcing member 12A3 is composed of an L-shaped steel 12A3a and a rib member 12A3b. In addition, the wave-breaking plate projection 12A is reinforced by horizontal reinforcing members 12A1 provided at the upper and lower ends of the back surface, and by vertical reinforcing members 12A2 provided horizontally at predetermined intervals on the back surface.

[0044] The enclosure section 14 is the part for attaching the breakwater structure 10 to the existing pier 100, and is composed of a first enclosure section 14A and a second enclosure section 14B. The first enclosure section 14A and the second enclosure section 14B are connected so as to jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal area of ​​the pile 102 to form the enclosure section 14, and the breakwater structure 10 is attached to the pile 102 of the existing pier 100. The first enclosure section 14A is made of steel plate and is connected to the breakwater plate 12 via a distance adjustment member 16, which is a steel rectangular tube member. The first enclosure section 14A and the distance adjustment member 16 are connected by welding.

[0045] As mentioned above, the first enclosure section 14A is connected to the breakwater plate 12 via a distance adjustment member 16, but the second enclosure section 14B, as shown in Figure 6, is not connected to the first enclosure section 14A until it is attached to the first enclosure section 14A, and exists as a separate member separate from the first enclosure section 14A. When attaching the breakwater structure 10 to the existing pier 100, the first enclosure section 14A is positioned near the pile 102 so that the front surface 12X of the breakwater plate 12 faces the direction of the water, and then, as shown in Figures 6(A) and 6(B), the flange section 14A1 of the first enclosure section 14A and the flange section 14B1 of the second enclosure section 14B are overlapped and connected with bolts 14C. Then, the space 14D between the inner surface of the enclosure 14 (first enclosure 14A and second enclosure 14B) and the outer surface of the pile 102 is filled with grout that can be used underwater (for example, non-shrink mortar that has non-separating properties underwater) to integrate the enclosure 14 and the pile 102. However, if the lower end of the space 14D is not sealed, the grout will leak into the water even if it is filled into the space 14D, so it is necessary to seal the lower end of the space 14D. This sealing method will be explained next with reference to Figure 7.

[0046] As shown in Figure 7, the support members 18 are pre-installed by divers by welding or other means at predetermined positions on the outer surface of the pile 102, in accordance with the target position where the breakwater structure 10 will be attached to the pile 102, before the breakwater structure 10 is lowered into the water. The support members 18 consist of a receiving member 18A, a bracket 18B, and a grout seal 18C. The outer shape of the receiving member 18A matches the outer shape of the lower end of the enclosure 14 (the cross-sectional shape obtained by cutting the enclosure 14 horizontally), and the inner circumference of the receiving member 18A (the part that contacts the pile 102) is shaped to fit the outer surface of the pile 102. The receiving member 18A is divided into four sections, and the divers attach them to the outer surface of the pile 102 by welding or other means while arranging them at predetermined positions on the outer surface of the pile 102. Below the receiving member 18A, the bracket 18B is attached to the outer surface of the pile 102, and the bracket 18B supports the receiving member 18A from below. The bracket 18B is also attached to the outer surface of the pile 102 by a diver by welding or other means. On the upper surface of the support member 18A, the diver installs a grout seal 18C to match the outer shape of the lower end of the enclosure 14, as shown in Figure 7(B).

[0047] As shown in Figure 7(A), an end member 14Y is welded to the lower end of the side portion 14X of the enclosure portion 14 (first enclosure portion 14A and second enclosure portion 14B). When the entire wave-breaking structure 10 is lowered along the pile 102 with the enclosure portion 14 closed and supported by the support member 18, as shown in Figure 7(A), a grout seal 18C is positioned between the end member 14Y and the receiving member 18A, closing the space between the end member 14Y and the receiving member 18A. After closing the lower end of the space 14D in this way, grout is filled into the space 14D between the inner surface of the enclosure portion 14 and the outer surface of the pile 102, so that the grout filling the space 14D does not leak out of the space 14D. Although the upper end of space 14D remains open, the specific gravity of the grout is greater than that of seawater, so only a small amount of grout leaks out from the upper end of space 14D, and no problem arises even if the upper end of space 14D is not sealed.

[0048] As shown in Figure 8, anchor members 14E for preventing grout displacement may be provided on the inner circumferential surface of the enclosure portion 14 (first enclosure portion 14A and second enclosure portion 14B). By providing anchor members 14E, the integration of the enclosure portion 14 and the pile 102 can be strengthened. For example, studs or steel bars can be used as anchor members 14E, and the anchor members 14E can be attached to the inner circumferential surface of the enclosure portion 14 (first enclosure portion 14A and second enclosure portion 14B) by welding. Furthermore, by providing anchor members (not shown) on the surface of the pile 102, the integration of the enclosure portion 14 and the pile 102 can be strengthened even further. When providing anchor members (not shown) on the surface of the pile 102, they should be provided at the same time as the support material 18 is attached to the outer circumferential surface of the pile 102 at a predetermined position.

[0049] As shown in Figure 5, a reinforcing material 14A2 (steel plate) is provided between the flange portion 14A1 and the side surface of the distance adjustment member 16, reinforcing the flange portion 14A1 and the distance adjustment member 16, and a reinforcing material 14B2 (steel plate) is provided between the flange portion 14B1 and the side surface of the second enclosure portion 14B, reinforcing the flange portion 14B1 and the second enclosure portion 14B.

[0050] The distance adjustment member 16 is a rectangular prism-shaped steel member, with one end welded to the back surface 12Y of the breakwater plate 12 and the other end welded to the first enclosure 14A. As mentioned above, in addition to connecting the first enclosure 14A to the breakwater plate 12, it is a member that adjusts the distance between the breakwater plate 12 and the pile 102. Specifically, in the latter role, it adjusts the distance between the breakwater plate 12 and the pile 102 so that, when viewed from above, the front surface 12X of the breakwater plate 12 approximately coincides with the outer edge of the existing pier 100. If the breakwater plate 12 is located inward from the outer edge of the existing pier 100, there is a possibility that a vessel docked at the existing pier 100 may slip under the superstructure 104 of the existing pier 100. However, the distance adjustment member 16 adjusts the distance between the breakwater plate 12 and the pile 102 so that the front surface 12X of the breakwater plate 12 is approximately aligned with the outer edge of the existing pier 100, thereby preventing the vessel from slipping under the superstructure 104. In the pier 70 according to this first embodiment, when viewed from above, the front surface 12X of the breakwater plate 12 is approximately aligned with the outer edge of the existing pier 100, and fenders (not shown) are installed on the front surface 12X of the breakwater plate 12.

[0051] The distance adjustment member 16 is a rectangular prism-shaped steel member, and by welding it to the back surface 12Y of the wave breaker 12, it also has the effect of reinforcing the wave breaker 12.

[0052] (1-2) Waveproof structure installation method Figure 9 is a flowchart showing the procedure for installing a breakwater structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The breakwater structure installation method according to the first embodiment of the present invention is an installation method for installing the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention on an existing water body structure (existing pier 100). The breakwater structure installation method according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be explained using the flowchart in Figure 9.

[0053] The wave-breaking structure installation method according to the first embodiment of the present invention has five main steps, S1 to S5, as shown in the flowchart of Figure 9.

[0054] (Step S1) In the wave break structure installation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, before the wave break structure 10 is submerged in water, first, the support member 18 is attached to a predetermined position on the outer surface of the pile 102. Specifically, the support member 18 is attached to the predetermined position on the outer surface of the pile 102 by welding or the like, in accordance with the target position where the wave break structure 10 will be attached to the pile 102. The support member 18 is composed of a receiving member 18A, a bracket 18B, and a grout seal 18C. The bracket 18B is attached to the outer surface of the pile 102 below the receiving member 18A, and the bracket 18B supports the receiving member 18A from below. The receiving member 18A and the bracket 18B are attached to the outer surface of the pile 102 by welding or the like by the diver. On the upper surface of the receiving member 18A, as shown in Figure 7(B), the grout seal 18C is provided by the diver in accordance with the outer shape of the lower end of the enclosure 14. Furthermore, in step S1, it is preferable not only to attach the support material 18, but also to scrape the outer surface of the pile 102 at the target position where the wave-breaking structure 10 will be attached, and to provide an anchor member (not shown) on the outer surface.

[0055] (Step S2) Step S2 is the process of deploying the breakwater structure 10 into the water. Specifically, the breakwater structure 10, which is fitted with a predetermined floater (not shown) adjusted to achieve neutral buoyancy in the water, is transported to the waters near the site by a barge (not shown). The breakwater structure 10 is then lifted from the barge (not shown) by a crane on the superstructure 104 of the existing pier 100 and deployed into the waters near the piles 102 to which the existing pier 100 is to be attached.

[0056] (Step S3) Step S3 is a process of closing off underwater the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal area of ​​the pile 102 to be attached to the existing pier 100 with the enclosure portion 14 of the breakwater structure 10. Specifically, a diver pushes the breakwater structure 10 (which is in a state of neutral buoyancy due to a floater) that has been lowered into the water to a predetermined position, positioning the breakwater plate 12 on the outer edge of the existing pier 100, and turning the front surface 12X of the breakwater plate 12 toward the water, and then positioning the first enclosure section 14A near the pile 102. Then, as shown in Figures 6(A) and 6(B), the flange section 14A1 of the first enclosure section 14A and the flange section 14B1 of the second enclosure section 14B are overlapped and connected with bolts 14C, and the first enclosure section 14A and the second enclosure section 14B are closed together to jointly surround a portion of the circumferential surface in the longitudinal direction of the pile 102 of the existing pier 100, thereby forming the enclosure section 14. These operations are performed underwater by a diver. The portion of the pile 102 that is surrounded by the enclosure 14 is the portion above the support member 18 installed in step S1.

[0057] (Step S4) Step S4 is the process of lowering the breakwater structure 10 underwater and placing it on the support members 18. Specifically, while paying attention to balance, the breakwater structure 10 is lowered along the pile 102 in the same position and placed on the support members 18. This work is performed by a diver. As shown in Figure 7(A), end members 14Y are welded to the lower ends of the side parts 14X of the enclosure part 14 (first enclosure part 14A and second enclosure part 14B). When the breakwater structure 10 is placed on the support members 18, the grout seal 18C is positioned between the end member 14Y and the receiving member 18A, closing the space between the end member 14Y and the receiving member 18A.

[0058] (Step S5) In step S5, the breakwater structure 10 is lowered underwater in step S4 and placed on the support material 18, and the lower end of the space 14D between the inner surface of the enclosure section 14 (first enclosure section 14A and second enclosure section 14B) and the outer surface of the pile 102 is closed. Then, the space 14D is filled with grout that can be used underwater (for example, non-shrink mortar that does not separate underwater) to integrate the enclosure section 14 and the pile 102, and the breakwater structure 10 is attached to the existing pier 100.

[0059] As described above, by attaching the breakwater structure 10 according to the first embodiment to the existing pier 100, a pier 70, which is a water structure according to the first embodiment, can be obtained.

[0060] (2) Second Embodiment Figure 10 is a schematic top view showing the procedure for attaching the wave-breaking structure 20 to the pile 102 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is the state immediately before closing the enclosure 22, and (B) is the state after closing the enclosure 22.

[0061] In the first embodiment, the first enclosure 14A and the second enclosure 14B, which constitute the enclosure 14 of the breakwater structure 10, were separate and unconnected before being joined with bolts 14C. However, in the second embodiment, the first enclosure 22A and the second enclosure 22B, which constitute the enclosure 22 of the breakwater structure 20, are connected via a hinge 24, as shown in Figure 10, even before the breakwater structure 20 is attached to the pile 102. Furthermore, to prevent interference with the pile 102 when closing the second enclosure 22B around the hinge 24, the second enclosure 22B is approximately semicircular when viewed from the direction along the longitudinal direction of the pile 102 (see Figure 10). Except for these points, the wave-breaking structure 20 according to this second embodiment is the same as the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for corresponding components, and their descriptions are omitted in principle. In the following, only matters related to the hinge 24 will be described in principle, and other matters will be replaced by the description of the first embodiment in the description of this second embodiment.

[0062] As shown in Figure 10, the wave-breaking structure 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention comprises a wave-breaking plate 12, an enclosure 22, a hinge 24, and a distance adjustment member 16, etc.

[0063] In the wave-breaking structure 20 according to this second embodiment, the first enclosure 22A and the second enclosure 22B constituting the enclosure 22 are connected via the hinge 24 even before the wave-breaking structure 20 is attached to the pile 102, making it easy to handle during construction and easy to attach to the pile 102. As mentioned above, the second enclosure 22B is approximately semicircular when viewed from the direction along the longitudinal direction of the pile 102 so as not to interfere with the pile 102 when closing the second enclosure 22B with the hinge 24 as the center (see Figure 10). When attaching to the pile 102, as shown in Figure 10(A), the second enclosure 22B is opened with the hinge 24 as the center, and the wave-breaking structure 20 is positioned so as to take in a part of the longitudinal direction of the pile 102 between the first enclosure 22A and the second enclosure 22B. Then, as shown in Figure 10(B), the second enclosure 22B is closed, and a portion of the pile 102 in the longitudinal direction is jointly surrounded by the first enclosure 22A and the second enclosure 22B. The flange portion 22A1 of the first enclosure 22A and the flange portion 22B1 of the second enclosure 22B are connected with bolts 22C to form a closed enclosure 22, and the wave-breaking structure 20 is attached to the existing pier 100.

[0064] (3) Third Embodiment Figure 11 is a schematic diagram showing the wave-breaking structure 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention attached to a pile 102, viewed from the rear side.

[0065] In the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, four sets of two enclosure portions 14 arranged vertically are provided on a single wave-breaking plate 12 in the width direction of the wave-breaking plate 12. However, as shown in Figure 11, the wave-breaking structure 30 according to the third embodiment is configured by providing two enclosure portions 14 on a single wave-breaking plate 32 in the width direction. Except for this point, the wave-breaking structure 30 according to the third embodiment is the same as the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment, so the same reference numerals are used for corresponding components, and their descriptions are omitted in principle.

[0066] In this third embodiment of the wave break structure 30, since there is only one enclosure portion 14 in the vertical direction, the amount of work required when attaching it to the pile 102 is reduced, and the amount of underwater work required when attaching it to the pile 102 can be reduced. On the other hand, compared to the wave break structure 10 in the first embodiment, the load applied to each enclosure portion 14, which is the connection part with the pile 102, is larger. Therefore, in this third embodiment of the wave break structure 30, it is desirable not only to provide anchor members 14E (see Figure 8) for preventing grout displacement on the inner circumferential surface of the enclosure portion 14 (first enclosure portion 14A and second enclosure portion 14B), but also to provide anchor members (not shown) on the surface of the pile 102 where the enclosure portion 14 is placed, in order to further strengthen the integration between the enclosure portion 14 and the pile 102.

[0067] (4) Fourth Embodiment Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing the wave-breaking structure 40 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention attached to a pile 102, viewed from the rear side.

[0068] In the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, four sets of two enclosure portions 14 arranged vertically on a single wave-breaking plate 12 are provided in the width direction of the wave-breaking plate 12. However, the wave-breaking structure 40 according to the fourth embodiment, as shown in Figure 12, is configured by providing two enclosure portions 14 vertically on a single wave-breaking plate 42. Except for this point, the wave-breaking structure 40 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the wave-breaking structure 10 according to the first embodiment, so the same reference numerals are used for corresponding components, and their descriptions are omitted in principle.

[0069] As shown in Figure 12, in the wave-breaking structure 40 according to this fourth embodiment, one wave-breaking structure 40 is attached to one pile 102, so there is almost no risk that it cannot be attached even if the spacing between the piles 102 at the site differs from the spacing shown in the design documents, and in this respect it is possible to simplify the pre-construction survey regarding the spacing between the piles 102, etc. However, since the wave-breaking plates 42 are cantilevered on both the left and right sides with respect to the pile 102, it is desirable to connect adjacent wave-breaking plates 42 in the width direction with a joint member such as a splice plate.

[0070] (5) Supplement In the embodiments described above, the breakwater plates 12, 32, and 42 were made of steel. However, the material of the breakwater plates that can be used in the breakwater structure according to the present invention is not limited to steel. In the breakwater structure according to the present invention, it is also possible to use, for example, precast concrete plates as breakwater plates. However, depending on the design conditions, the weight of the breakwater plates when made of steel is thought to be about 20-30% of the weight when made of concrete. Therefore, considering the impact on existing water body structures to which the breakwater plates are to be installed (the impact of weight added to existing water body structures) and the ease of construction, it is considered that there are many situations in which it is preferable to use steel plates as breakwater plates.

[0071] On the other hand, since steel materials are susceptible to corrosion in aquatic environments, particularly in seawater environments, it is preferable to consider applying a corrosion-resistant coating to the surface of the steel materials used in the breakwater structure according to the present invention, or to install a sacrificial anode in the breakwater structure according to the present invention. When installing a sacrificial anode, for example, it can be attached to the back of the breakwater plate.

[0072] Furthermore, it is possible to use plate-like bodies made of materials other than steel or concrete as breakwaters. For example, if the necessary conditions such as strength are met, it is also possible to use plate-like bodies made of FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic).

[0073] Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, flange joints were used when closing and connecting the first enclosure sections 14A and 22A and the second enclosure sections 14B and 22B. However, the joints used for connection are not limited to flange joints, and other types of joints may be used as appropriate.

[0074] Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, multiple enclosures are provided for a single wave-breaking plate. However, in the wave-breaking structure according to the present invention, the number of enclosures provided for a single wave-breaking plate is not particularly limited, and one enclosure may be provided for a single wave-breaking plate.

[0075] Furthermore, in the embodiments described above, the piles 102 of the existing pier 100 were assumed to be steel pipe piles, but the piles to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to steel pipe piles, and the present invention can also be applied to piles other than steel pipe piles (for example, concrete piles, etc.).

[0076] Furthermore, while the existing pier 100 to which the wave-breaking structures 10, 20, 30, and 40 according to the embodiments described above were attached was of a type in which the superstructure 104 rests on vertical piles 102, the existing water body structures to which the wave-breaking structures according to the present invention can be applied are not limited to this type. For example, the wave-breaking structures according to the present invention can also be applied to jacket-type piers with diagonal braces. [Explanation of symbols]

[0077] 10, 20, 30, 40...Waveproof structure 12, 32, 42...Bulwark plate 12A...Protruding part of the breakwater plate 12A1…Horizontal reinforcement material 12A2…Vertical reinforcement material 12A3…End reinforcement material 12A3a…L-shaped steel 12A3b... Rib material 12B…Horizontal reinforcement material 12X…Front 12Y...Back 14, 22... Enclosure 14A, 22A... First enclosure section 14B, 22B...Second enclosure section 14A1, 14B1, 22A1, 22B1... Flange section 14A2, 14B2… Reinforcement material 14C, 22C... Bolt 14D…Space 14E…Anchor member 14X…Side 14Y…End member 16… Distance adjustment member 18...Support material 18A...Support material 18B...Bracket 18C…Grout seal 24... Hinge 70... Pier 100... Existing pier 102...Pile 104...Superstructure 104A…Floor slab 104B…beam part 104C... Joint section 200...ground 202…Underwater 204…Water surface

Claims

1. A water body structure comprising: an existing water body structure having a plurality of piles whose lower ends are embedded in the ground underwater and a superstructure supported by the plurality of piles; and a breakwater structure, The aforementioned wave-breaking structure is Plate members and A first enclosure and a second enclosure jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the aforementioned pile, The first enclosure is attached to one side of the plate member, and the first and second enclosures are configured to be attachable from the side to the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile. A water body structure characterized in that the plate member is located on the outer edge of the existing water body structure, and the breakwater structure is attached to the pile of the existing water body structure such that the front surface, which is the surface of the plate member opposite to the one surface, faces the water body.

2. The water body structure according to claim 1, characterized in that there are multiple sets of enclosures, each consisting of a first enclosure and a second enclosure corresponding to the first enclosure, positioned at different locations in the width direction of the plate member.

3. The aquatic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that there are multiple sets of enclosures, each consisting of a first enclosure and a second enclosure corresponding to the first enclosure, positioned at different locations in the height direction of the plate member.

4. The aquatic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a fender is attached to the front surface of the plate member of the breakwater structure.

5. The water body structure according to claim 1, characterized in that multiple wave break structures are attached to the existing water body structure, and multiple wave break structures are arranged in a line in the width direction of the plate members thereof.

6. The aquatic structure according to claim 5, characterized in that adjacent plate members in the width direction are connected by a joint member.

7. The aquatic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the first enclosure and the second enclosure are provided with anchor members on their inner circumferential surfaces for preventing the filling material from shifting.

8. The aquatic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the aquatic structure is a pier.

9. A method for installing a wave break structure on an existing water body structure having a plurality of piles with their lower ends embedded in the ground underwater and a superstructure supported by the plurality of piles, The breakwater structure comprises a plate member and a first enclosure and a second enclosure that jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the pile in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first enclosure is attached to one side of the plate member, and the first enclosure and the second enclosure are configured to be attachable from the side to the circumferential surface of a portion of the pile in the longitudinal direction. The process includes an underwater deployment step of deploying the aforementioned breakwater structure into the water, A closing step is to position the plate member of the breakwater structure that was placed in the water in the underwater deployment step at the outer edge of the existing water body structure, and to face the front side, which is the side opposite to the one side of the plate member, toward the water body, and to close the first enclosure and the second enclosure so as to jointly surround the circumferential surface of a part of the longitudinal region of the pile of the existing water body structure, thereby forming an enclosure; An integration step involves injecting grout material between the enclosure formed in the closing step and a part of the pile in the longitudinal direction to integrate them, A method for installing a wave-breaking structure, characterized by having the following features.

10. The wave break structure installation method according to claim 9, characterized in that a distance adjustment member is provided between the first enclosure and the plate member to adjust the distance between the plate member and the pile, and the plate member is connected to the pile via the distance adjustment member.

11. The method for installing a breakwater structure according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising a support material attachment step of attaching support materials that support the breakwater structure to the piles of the existing water body structure before the underwater deployment step, wherein the breakwater structure is installed on the support materials attached to the piles in the support material attachment step.

12. A wave-breaking structure to be attached to an existing water body structure, comprising a plurality of piles with their lower ends embedded in the underwater ground and a superstructure supported by the plurality of piles, Plate members and A first enclosure and a second enclosure jointly surround the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the aforementioned pile, It has, The first enclosure is attached to one side of the plate member, The wave-breaking structure is characterized in that the first enclosure and the second enclosure are configured to be attachable from the side to the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile.

13. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12, wherein a distance adjustment member is provided between the first enclosure and the plate member to adjust the distance between the plate member and the pile, and the plate member is connected to the pile via the distance adjustment member.

14. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the second enclosure is not connected to the first enclosure and is separated before it encloses and closes the circumferential surface of a portion of the longitudinal region of the pile.

15. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the second enclosure is connected to the first enclosure via a hinge so as to be openable and closable.

16. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the first enclosure and the second enclosure can be connected and closed together by a flange joint.

17. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the plate member is a steel plate, and a long steel material is attached to one of the surfaces of the plate member such that its longitudinal direction is the width direction of the plate member.

18. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the plate member has a portion that protrudes upward at a position in the width direction where the first enclosure portion is not present.

19. The wave-breaking structure according to claim 12 or 13, further comprising a sacrificial anode, the sacrificial anode being attached to one of the plate members.

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