Indication device

Abstract

The present invention provides a display device that can output a user signal having a unique frequency to the user's skin and recognize the user's touch. [Solution] The display device according to the embodiment of this specification includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area, a pixel driving circuit provided in the display area, a first electrode connected to the pixel driving circuit, a light-emitting element disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the light-emitting element, a user signal generation unit that outputs a user signal, and a display driver that controls the user signal generation unit, supplies a touch driving signal to the pixel driving circuit, and detects a touch using a touch sensing signal received from the pixel driving circuit.

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 This specification relates to a display device. 【Background Art】 【0002】 Display devices are applied to various electronic devices such as televisions, mobile phones, notebook computers, and tablets. 【0003】 Display devices can include organic light-emitting display devices (OLEDs) that output light by themselves and liquid crystal display devices (LCDs) that require a separate light source. 【0004】 In recent years, display devices including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted attention as next-generation display devices. Since light-emitting diodes are made of inorganic substances rather than organic substances, they have a faster lighting speed, better luminous efficiency, and can display high-brightness images compared to liquid crystal display devices and organic light-emitting display devices. 【Summary of the Invention】 【Problems to be Solved by the Invention】 【0005】 The problem to be solved by this specification is to provide a display device that can output a user signal having a specific frequency to the user's skin and recognize a touch by the user. 【0006】 The problems to be solved by this specification are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. 【Means for Solving the Problems】 【0007】 The display device according to the embodiment of this specification includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area, a pixel driving circuit provided in the display area, a first electrode connected to the pixel driving circuit, a light-emitting element disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the light-emitting element, a user signal generation unit that outputs a user signal, and a display driver that controls the user signal generation unit, supplies a touch driving signal to the pixel driving circuit, and detects a touch using a touch sensing signal received from the pixel driving circuit. 【0008】 Specific details, other than the solutions to the problems mentioned above, are included in the following descriptions and figures. 【0009】 According to this specification, the magnitude of the touch sensing signal from a user to whom a user signal is transmitted is different from the magnitude of the touch sensing signal from a user to whom a user signal is not transmitted. 【0010】 Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the touch was made by a user wearing or possessing the display device, or by a user other than the user wearing or possessing the display device. 【0011】 This improves the safety features of the display device. 【0012】 In other words, if it is determined that a touch has been made by someone other than the user wearing or possessing the display device, the display device may choose not to display the corresponding image, thereby improving the security function of the display device. 【0013】 The effects described herein are not limited to those mentioned above, and any other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawing] 【0014】 [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 2] This is a plan view of a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 3] This is an enlarged illustrative diagram of a portion of a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 4] This figure shows the structure of a pixel driving circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 5] This is a plan view of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 6] This is a plan view of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 7A] This is a plan view of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 7B] This is a plan view of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 10] This is an illustrative diagram showing the structure of a touch electrode section and a display driver applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 11A] This is an illustrative diagram showing the structure of a subtouch electrode and a pixel driving circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 11B] This is an illustrative diagram showing the connection structure of a subtouch electrode and a pixel driving circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 11C] This is an illustrative diagram showing the relationship between a pixel driving circuit and a light-emitting element applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 11D] This is an illustrative diagram showing an example of a light-emitting signal applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 11E] This is an illustrative diagram showing a pixel circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. [Figure 12]It is an exemplary diagram showing a touch sensing method in a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 13] It is an exemplary diagram showing a display period and a touch sensing period applied to a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 14] It is an exemplary diagram showing an electronic device to which a display device according to an embodiment of the present specification is applied. [Figure 15] It is an exemplary diagram showing a cross section of the electronic device shown in FIG. 14. [Figure 16] It is an exemplary diagram showing the touch drive signal and the user signal shown in FIG. 13. [Figure 17] It is an exemplary diagram showing a method of classifying users in the electronic device shown in FIG. 14. 【Mode for Carrying Out the Invention】 【0015】 The advantages and features of the present specification, and the methods for achieving them, will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present specification is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and is embodied in various different forms. Merely, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the present specification is complete, and to fully inform those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present specification pertains of the scope of the invention. 【0016】 The shapes, sizes, ratios, angles, numbers, etc. disclosed in the diagrams for explaining the embodiments of the present specification are exemplary, and the present specification is not limited to the matters shown in the diagrams. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same components. In the description of the present specification, when it is determined that a specific description of related known technologies may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present specification, the detailed description thereof is omitted. When terms such as "including", "having", or "consisting of" mentioned in the present specification are used, other parts may be added unless "only" is used. When a component is expressed in the singular, it includes the case of including a plurality unless otherwise explicitly stated. 【0017】 In interpreting the constituent elements, even if there is no separate explicit mention of the error range, it shall be interpreted as including the error range. 【0018】 When describing a spatial relationship, for example, if the relationship between two parts is described by "above," "at the top," "below," "to the side," or "adjacent," then one or more other parts may be located between the two parts unless, for example, "right next to," "directly," or "nearby" is used. 【0019】 When describing temporal relationships, if the temporal sequence is described using phrases such as "after," "following," "next," or "before," it can include cases that are not continuous unless "immediately" or "directly" is used. 【0020】 The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to describe various components, but these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are simply used to distinguish one component from others. Therefore, the first component referred to below may also be the second component within the technical concept of this specification. 【0021】 In order to describe the components of this specification, terms such as 1st, 2nd, A, B, (a), or (b) may be used. Such terms are used solely to distinguish a component from other components, and the terms do not limit the nature, order, sequence, or number of the components. 【0022】 When a component is described as “connecting,” “joining,” “attaching,” or “adhering” to another component, it should be understood that the component may directly connect, join, attach, or adhere to the other component, but that other components may also be interposed between each component that can indirectly connect, join, attach, or adhere to it, unless otherwise explicitly stated. 【0023】 Where it is stated that a component or layer "contacts" or "overlaps" with another component or layer, it should be understood that while other components may directly contact or overlap with other components, unless otherwise explicitly stated, other components may also be interposed between each component that can indirectly contact or overlap. 【0024】 "At least one" must be understood to include all combinations of one or more of the relevant components. For example, "at least one of the first, second, and third components" could mean not only the first, second, or third component, but also all combinations of two or more of the first, second, and third components. 【0025】 The terms "first direction," "second direction," "third direction," "X-axis direction," "Y-axis direction," and "Z-axis direction" should not be interpreted as referring only to geometric relationships where the relationship between them is perpendicular, but rather may mean that there are broader directions within the range in which the configuration specified herein can function. 【0026】 Each feature of the various embodiments described herein can be combined or combined with one another, either partially or as a whole, and various technical interdependencies and drives are possible. Each embodiment can be implemented independently of one another or in conjunction with one another. 【0027】 Various embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the attached figures. 【0028】 Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. 【0029】 Referring to Figure 1, the display device 1000 according to the embodiment of this specification includes a display panel 100, a polarizing layer 280, an adhesive layer 290, a cover member 120, a support substrate 190, a flexible circuit board 170, and a printed circuit board 160. 【0030】 The display panel 100 can display information and images provided to the user. 【0031】 The polarizing layer 280 can be placed on the display panel 100. The polarizing layer 280 can prevent or reduce light generated from an external light source from entering the inside of the display panel 100 and affecting the light-emitting elements, etc. 【0032】 The adhesive layer 290 can adhere the cover member 120 to the display panel 100. The adhesive layer 290 is positioned between the polarizing layer 280 and the cover member 120, allowing the cover member 120 to adhere to the polarizing layer 280. The adhesive layer 290 may include optically clear adhesive (OCA), optically clear resin (OCR), or pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). 【0033】 The cover member 120 can be placed on the polarizing layer 280. The cover member 120 can be placed on the adhesive layer 290. The cover member 120 may be a member for protecting the display panel 100. The cover member 120 may be made of a transparent material. 【0034】 The support substrate 190 can be placed between the display panel 100 and the printed circuit board 160. The support substrate 190 can reinforce the rigidity of the display panel 100. The support substrate 190 may be a backplate. 【0035】 The flexible circuit board 170 and the printed circuit board 160 can be positioned at the bottom of the display panel 100. The flexible circuit board 170 and the printed circuit board 160 can be positioned on one side edge of the display panel 100. One side of the flexible circuit board 170 can be attached to the display panel 100, and the other side can be attached to the printed circuit board 160. The flexible circuit board 170 may be a flexible film, but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. 【0036】 The printed circuit board 160 can form at least one hole. An internal component that senses ambient light or temperature can be placed in the area corresponding to at least one hole. For example, the internal component may include at least one of an ambient light sensor (ALS) and a temperature sensor. 【0037】 The printed circuit board 160 may include a user signal generation unit 600 that outputs user signals, and a display driver 200 that controls the user signal generation unit 600, supplies touch drive signals to a pixel drive circuit provided in the display panel 100, and detects touch using touch sensing signals received from the pixel drive circuit. 【0038】 Figure 2 is a plan view of a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, and Figure 3 is an enlarged example view of a part of the display device according to one embodiment of this specification. 【0039】 Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the display device 1000 may include a display panel 100, a flexible circuit board 170, and a printed circuit board 160. 【0040】 The display panel 100 may include a substrate 110. The substrate 110 may be a member that supports other components of the display panel 100. The substrate 110 may be made of an insulating material. For example, the substrate 110 may be made of glass or resin. The substrate 110 may also be made of a flexible material. For example, the substrate 110 may be made of a flexible plastic material such as polyimide (PI). 【0041】 For example, the display panel 100 may include a display area (AA) and a non-display area (NA). Therefore, the substrate 110 may also include a display area (AA) and a non-display area (NA). The display area (AA) and non-display area (NA) are not only applicable to the description of the substrate 110, but can also be applied to the description of the display device 1000. 【0042】 The display area (AA) may be the area on which an image is displayed. The display area (AA) may contain multiple pixels (PX). Each of the multiple pixels may contain multiple subpixels. Each of the multiple subpixels may have at least one light-emitting element. 【0043】 The type of light-emitting element can be varied depending on the type of display device 1000. For example, if the display device 1000 is an inorganic light-emitting display device, the light-emitting element may be an LED (Light-emitting Diode), a Micro LED (Micro Light-emitting Diode), or a Mini LED (Mini Light-emitting Diode). 【0044】 The display area (AA) can be configured in various shapes depending on the design of the display device 1000. For example, the display area (AA) can be configured as a rectangle with rounded corners. As another example, the display area (AA) can be configured as a rectangle with right-angled corners, or as a circular shape. 【0045】 Referring to Figure 3, multiple pixel driving circuits (PDs) can be arranged in the display area (AA). These multiple pixel driving circuits (PDs) may be circuits for driving multiple light-emitting elements provided in multiple subpixels. 【0046】 Each of the multiple pixel driver circuits (PDs) may include multiple transistors, including a drive transistor, and storage capacitors, and can supply control signals, power, and drive current to multiple light-emitting elements provided in multiple subpixels to control the light-emitting operation of the multiple light-emitting elements. For example, a pixel driver circuit (PD) may include a power line and a signal line for controlling the on / off state and / or the light-emitting time of the light-emitting elements. For example, multiple pixel driver circuits (PDs) can be manufactured on a semiconductor substrate using a MOSFET (Metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistor) manufacturing process. 【0047】 The non-display area (NA) may be an area where the image is not displayed. Various lines and circuits for driving multiple pixels (PX) of the display area (AA) can be placed in the non-display area (NA). For example, various lines and drive circuits can be implemented in the non-display area (NA), and pads (PADs) to which integrated circuits and printed circuits are connected can be placed. 【0048】 For example, the drive circuit may be a data drive circuit and / or a gate drive circuit. A line supplying a control signal for controlling the drive circuit can be placed in the non-display area (NA). For example, the control signal may include a clock signal, an input data enable signal, and a synchronization signal. The control signal can be received via a pad section (PAD). For example, a link line (LL) for transmitting signals can be placed in the non-display area (NA). For example, drive components such as a flexible circuit board 170 and a printed circuit board 160 can be connected to the pad section (PAD). 【0049】 According to this specification, the non-display area (NA) may include a first non-display area (NA1), a bendable area (BA), and a second non-display area (NA2). For example, the first non-display area (NA1) may be an area surrounding at least a portion of the display area (AA). The bendable area (BA) is an area extending from at least one of the multiple sides of the first non-display area (NA1) and may be a bendable area. The second non-display area (NA2) is an area extending from the bendable area (BA) and on which a pad portion (PAD) can be placed. For example, the bendable area (BA) may be in a bent state, and the remaining area of ​​the substrate 110 excluding the bendable area (BA) may be in a flat state. In this case, the bending of the bendable area (BA) may allow the second non-display area (NA2) to be located on the back of the display area (AA). 【0050】 Multiple link lines (LL) can be arranged in the non-display area (NA). The multiple link lines (LL) may be lines that transmit various signals transmitted from one or more flexible circuit boards (or flexible films) 170 and printed circuit boards 160 to the display area (AA). The multiple link lines (LL) extend from multiple pad electrodes (PE) in the second non-display area (NA2) toward the bending area (BA) and the first non-display area (NA1), and can be electrically connected to multiple drive lines (VL) in the display area (AA). 【0051】 Multiple pixel driver circuits (PDs) can be driven by signals transmitted from one or more flexible circuit boards (or flexible films) 170 and printed circuit boards 160 via link lines (LL) for non-display areas (NA) and drive lines (VL) for display areas (AA). 【0052】 For example, the drive line (VL) and the link line (LL) may each be lines for transmitting signals output from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 to the pixel drive circuit (PD). The drive line (VL) is located in the display area (AA) and can be electrically connected to the pixel drive circuit (PD). The drive line (VL) can extend from the display area (AA) toward the non-display area (NA) and be electrically connected to the link line (LL). Thus, signals output from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 can be transmitted to the pixel drive circuit (PD) via the link line (LL) and the drive line (VL). 【0053】 When the bending region (BA) bends, a portion of the link line (LL) may also bend along with the bending region (BA). Stress can concentrate in the bent portion of the link line (LL), potentially causing cracks to form. To reduce cracking during bending of the bending region (BA), the link line (LL) can be constructed from a highly flexible conductive material. For example, the link line (LL) can be made from highly flexible conductive materials such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), or aluminum (Al). Alternatively, the link line (LL) can be made from one of the various conductive materials used in the display region (AA). For example, the link line (LL) can be made from molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and alloys of silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg), or alloys thereof. The link line (LL) can be constructed from a multilayer structure containing various conductive materials. For example, the link line (LL) can be constructed with a triple-layer structure of titanium (Ti) / aluminum (Al) / titanium (Ti). 【0054】 Link lines (LL) can be configured in various shapes to reduce stress. At least a portion of a link line (LL) positioned on a bending region (BA) can extend in the same direction as the bending region (BA), or it can extend in a direction different from the bending region (BA) to reduce stress. For example, if the bending region (BA) extends in one direction from a first non-visible region (NA1) to a second non-visible region (NA2), at least a portion of the link line (LL) positioned on the bending region (BA) can extend in a direction inclined from that direction. 【0055】 In other examples, at least a portion of the link line (LL) can be composed of patterns of various shapes. For example, at least a portion of the link line (LL) placed on a bending region (BA) may have a shape in which conductive patterns having at least one of the following shapes are repeatedly arranged: diamond, rhombus, trapezoidal, triangular, sawtooth, sinusoidal, circular, and omega (Ω) shapes. 【0056】 Therefore, in order to minimize the stress concentrated in the link line (LL) and the resulting cracks, the shape of the link line (LL) can consist of various shapes, including the shapes described above. 【0057】 According to this specification, the width of a second non-display area (NA2) where multiple pad electrodes (PE) are located may be wider than the width of a bent area (BA) where only multiple link lines (LL) are located. Similarly, the width of a display area (AA) where multiple subpixels are located may be wider than the width of a bent area (BA) where only multiple link lines (LL) are located. Figures 2 and 3 show a substrate 110 in which the width of the bent area (BA) is narrower than the width of other areas of the substrate 110. However, the shape of the substrate 110 including the bent area (BA) is illustrative, and therefore the embodiments described herein are not limited thereto. 【0058】 A pad section (PAD) containing multiple pad electrodes (PE) can be placed in the second non-display area (NA2). One or more drive components, including one or more flexible circuit boards (or flexible films) 170 and printed circuit boards 160, can be attached to or bonded to the pad section (PAD). The multiple pad electrodes (PE) of the pad section (PAD) are electrically connected to one or more flexible circuit boards (or flexible films) 170, and can transmit various signals (or power) received from the printed circuit boards 160 and flexible circuit boards (or flexible films) 170 to multiple pixel drive circuits (PD) in the display area (AA). 【0059】 The flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 may be a flexible base film, and various components can be placed on the flexible circuit board. For example, drive ICs such as gate driver ICs and data driver ICs can be placed on the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170. The drive ICs can be referred to as drive drivers below. 【0060】 The driver IC may be a component that processes data and drive signals for displaying the image. The driver IC may be disposed in a chip-on-glass (COG), chip-on-film (COF), or tape carrier package (TCP), but the embodiments herein are not limited to these. The flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 may be attached to or bonded to a plurality of pad electrodes (PEs) via a conductive adhesive layer. 【0061】 The printed circuit board 160 may be a component that is electrically connected to one or more flexible circuit boards (or flexible films) 170 and supplies signals to a drive IC. The printed circuit board 160 is located on one side of the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and can be electrically connected to the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170. Various components for supplying various signals to the drive IC can be arranged on the printed circuit board 160. For example, various components such as a timing controller, power supply unit, memory, or processor can be arranged on the printed circuit board 160. For example, the printed circuit board 160 may include a power management integrated circuit (PMIC). 【0062】 Figure 4 shows the structure of a pixel driving circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. 【0063】 In the above, the pixel driver (PD) described with reference to Figure 3 may be a microdriver (μDriver) as shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4, one light-emitting element (ED) is connected to the microdriver (μDriver), but the embodiments described herein are not limited to this. 【0064】 For example, eight light-emitting elements (EDs) can be connected to one microdriver (μDriver). Other examples include connecting 16 EDs to one microdriver, or connecting 32 or 64 EDs to one microdriver. The EDs may be micro-LEDs (μLEDs). Furthermore, a single pixel driver (PD) (e.g., a microdriver (μDriver)) can be connected to at least two EDs. In this case, a single pixel driver (PD) (e.g., a microdriver (μDriver)) may comprise one or more pixel circuits (PCs) as shown in Figure 4. Each pixel circuit (PC) can be connected to at least one ED. The pixel driver (PD) included in the microdriver (μDriver) may include a driver transistor (TDR) and a light-emitting transistor (TEM). 【0065】 For example, a high-potential power supply voltage (VDD) can be applied to the first electrode of a drive transistor (TDR), the first electrode of a light-emitting transistor (TEM) can be connected to the second electrode of the drive transistor (TDR), and a scan signal (SC) can be applied to the gate electrode of the drive transistor (TDR). The scan signal (SC) applied to the gate electrode of the drive transistor (TDR) can be a DC power supply, and a fixed reference voltage can be applied for each frame. 【0066】 The first electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM) can be connected to the second electrode of the drive transistor (TDR), a light-emitting element (ED) can be connected to the second electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM), and a light-emitting signal (EM) can be applied to the gate electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM). The light-emitting signal (EM) applied to the gate electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM) may be a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal that varies from frame to frame. 【0067】 The first electrode of the light-emitting element (ED) can be connected to the second electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM), and the second electrode of the light-emitting element (ED) can be connected to ground. For example, the first electrode of the light-emitting element (ED) may be the anode electrode, and the second electrode of the light-emitting element (ED) may be the cathode electrode. 【0068】 The driver transistor (TDR) and the light-emitting transistor (TEM) can each be either an n-type transistor or a p-type transistor. 【0069】 A scan signal (SC) applied from the timing controller (T-CON) can turn on the drive transistor (TDR), and a light-emitting transistor (TEM) can be turned on by a light-emitting signal (EM). In this case, a high-potential power supply voltage (VDD) applied to the first electrode of the drive transistor (TDR) can apply a drive current to the light-emitting element (ED) via the drive transistor (TDR) and the light-emitting transistor (TEM), thereby causing the light-emitting element (ED) to emit light. 【0070】 Figures 5 to 7B are plan views of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. For example, Figure 5 is a magnified plan view of a portion of a display area (AA) containing multiple pixels, Figure 6 is a magnified plan view of a portion of a display area (AA) containing one pixel, Figure 7A is another plan view showing the area shown in Figure 5, and Figure 7B is a plan view showing the two second electrodes (CE2) shown in Figure 7A. Figures 5 and 6 show multiple signal lines (TL), multiple communication lines (NL), multiple first electrodes (CE1), multiple banks (BNK), and multiple light-emitting elements (ED). Figure 7A shows two additional second electrodes (CE2) to the plan view shown in Figure 5, and Figure 7B shows the two second electrodes (CE2) shown in Figure 7A. 【0071】 Referring to Figures 5 to 7B, multiple pixels (PX) consisting of multiple subpixels can be arranged in the display area (AA). Each of the multiple subpixels includes a light-emitting element (ED) and can independently emit light. The multiple subpixels can be arranged in a matrix configuration, forming multiple rows and multiple columns. 【0072】 The subpixels may include a first subpixel (SP1), a second subpixel (SP2), and a third subpixel (SP3). For example, one of the first subpixel (SP1), second subpixel (SP2), and third subpixel (SP3) may be a red subpixel, another a green subpixel, and the remaining one a blue subpixel. The types of subpixels are illustrative, and the examples herein are not limited thereto. 【0073】 Each of multiple pixels (PX) may contain one or more first subpixels (SP1), one or more second subpixels (SP2), and one or more third subpixels (SP3). For example, a single pixel (PX) may contain a pair of first subpixels (SP1), a pair of second subpixels (SP2), and a pair of third subpixels (SP3). 【0074】 A pair of first subpixels (SP1) may include a first a subpixel (SP1a) and a first b subpixel (SP1b). A pair of second subpixels (SP2) may include a second a subpixel (SP2a) and a second b subpixel (SP2b). A pair of third subpixels (SP3) may include a third a subpixel (SP3a) and a third b subpixel (SP3b). For example, a single pixel (PX) may include a first a subpixel (SP1a) and a first b subpixel (SP1b), a second a subpixel (SP2a) and a second b subpixel (SP2b), and a third a subpixel (SP3a) and a third b subpixel (SP3b). 【0075】 Multiple subpixels constituting a single pixel (PX) can be arranged in various ways. For example, a pair of first subpixels (SP1), a pair of second subpixels (SP2), and a pair of third subpixels (SP3) can be arranged in the same column within a single pixel (PX). The first subpixels (SP1), second subpixels (SP2), and third subpixels (SP3) can be arranged in the same row. The number and arrangement of multiple subpixels constituting a single pixel (PX) are illustrative examples, and the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. 【0076】 Multiple signal lines (TLs) can be arranged in the region between multiple subpixels. These signal lines (TLs) can be extended in the column direction between multiple subpixels. These signal lines (TLs) may be lines that transmit the anode voltage transmitted from a pixel driver circuit (PD in Figure 3) to multiple subpixels. For example, a signal line (TL) can be electrically connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD) and the first electrode (CE1) of a subpixel. The anode voltage output from the pixel driver circuit (PD) (e.g., a microdriver (μDriver)) can be transmitted to the first electrode (CE1) of the subpixel via the signal line (TL). 【0077】 For example, the first electrode (CE1) may be an electrode electrically connected to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (ED). The anode voltage transmitted via the signal line (TL) can be transmitted to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (ED) via the first electrode (CE1). That is, the first electrode (CE1) is connected to the anode electrode. Therefore, in the following description, the first electrode (CE1) may mean the anode electrode, or it may mean another electrode connected to the anode electrode. 【0078】 In one embodiment of the display device described herein, instead of forming multiple transistors and storage capacitors for each of the multiple subpixels, a pixel driver circuit (PD) integrating multiple pixel circuits (PCs) is used, thereby simplifying the structure of the display device 1000. Furthermore, since the circuits that would normally be placed in each of the multiple subpixels are integrated into a single pixel driver circuit (PD), highly efficient, low-power driving may be possible. 【0079】 Multiple signal lines (TLs) may include a first signal line (TL1), a second signal line (TL2), a third signal line (TL3), a fourth signal line (TL4), a fifth signal line (TL5), and a sixth signal line (TL6). Each of the first signal line (TL1) and the second signal line (TL2) can be electrically connected to a pair of first subpixels (SP1). Each of the third signal line (TL3) and the fourth signal line (TL4) can be electrically connected to a pair of second subpixels (SP2). Each of the fifth signal line (TL5) and the sixth signal line (TL6) can be electrically connected to a pair of third subpixels (SP3). 【0080】 A first signal line (TL1) can be placed on one side of a pair of first subpixels (SP1), and a second signal line (TL2) can be placed on the other side of the pair of first subpixels (SP1). The first signal line (TL1) can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1) of one of the first subpixels (SP1) of the pair, for example, the first a subpixel (SP1a). The second signal line (TL2) can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1) of the remaining first subpixel (SP1) of the pair, for example, the first b subpixel (SP1b). 【0081】 A third signal line (TL3) can be placed on one side of a pair of second subpixels (SP2), and a fourth signal line (TL4) can be placed on the other side of the pair of second subpixels (SP2). For example, the third signal line (TL3) can be placed adjacent to the second signal line (TL2). The third signal line (TL3) can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1) of one of the second subpixels (SP2) of the pair, for example, the seconda subpixel (SP2a). The fourth signal line (TL4) can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1) of the remaining second subpixel (SP2) of the pair, for example, the secondb subpixel (SP2b). 【0082】 A fifth signal line (TL5) can be placed on one side of a pair of third subpixels (SP3), and a sixth signal line (TL6) can be placed on the other side of the pair of third subpixels (SP3). For example, the fifth signal line (TL5) can be placed adjacent to the fourth signal line (TL4). The sixth signal line (TL6) can be placed adjacent to the first signal line (TL1) connected to an adjacent pixel (PX). The fifth signal line (TL5) can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1) of one of the third subpixels (SP3) of the pair, for example, the thirda subpixel (SP3a). The sixth signal line (TL6) can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1) of the remaining third subpixel (SP3) of the pair, for example, the thirdb subpixel (SP3b). 【0083】 Signal lines (TLs) can be made of conductive materials. For example, signal lines (TLs) can be made of conductive materials such as titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). As another example, multiple signal lines (TLs) can consist of a multilayer structure containing conductive materials. For example, multiple signal lines (TLs) can consist of a multilayer structure of titanium (Ti) / aluminum (Al) / titanium (Ti) / indium tin oxide (ITO). 【0084】 Multiple communication lines (NL) can be placed in the region between adjacent pixels (PX). Communication lines (NL) can extend and be arranged in the row direction within the region between adjacent pixels (PX). Communication lines (NL) may be placed in the region between adjacent second electrodes (CE2) and may not overlap adjacent second electrodes (CE2). For example, communication lines (NL) may be lines used for short-range communication such as NFC (Near Field Communication). Communication lines (NL) can also function as antennas. 【0085】 According to this specification, a bank (BNK) can be placed in each of a plurality of subpixels. A bank (BNK) may be a structure on which light-emitting elements (EDs) are attached. Multiple banks (BNKs) can guide the positions of multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) in a transfer process for transferring multiple light-emitting elements (EDs). In the transfer process for multiple light-emitting elements (EDs), multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) can be transferred onto multiple banks (BNKs). The entire area of ​​a light-emitting element (ED) can be superimposed on a bank (BNK). Multiple banks (BNKs) may be a bank pattern or a structure, but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. 【0086】 The banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1), the second subpixel (SP2), and the third subpixel (SP3) can be arranged spaced apart from each other. The banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1), the second subpixel (SP2), and the third subpixel (SP3) can be separated. This makes it easy to distinguish between the banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1), the second subpixel (SP2), and the third subpixel (SP3), onto which different types of light-emitting elements (EDs) are transferred. 【0087】 The banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1a) and the banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1b) can be linked together, separated from each other, or formed separately. For example, the banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1a) and the banks (BNK) of the first subpixel (SP1b) where the same type of light-emitting element (ED) is arranged, taking into consideration the design of the transfer process requirements, can be linked together, separated from each other, or formed separately. Similarly, the banks (BNK) of the second subpixel (SP2a) and the banks (BNK) of the second subpixel (SP2b) can be linked together, separated from each other, or formed separately. The banks (BNK) of the third subpixel (SP3a) and the banks (BNK) of the third subpixel (SP3b) can be linked together, separated from each other, or formed separately. Therefore, a bank of a pair of first subpixels (SP1), a bank of a pair of second subpixels (SP2), and a bank of a pair of third subpixels (SP3) can be formed in various forms. 【0088】 For example, each of the multiple banks (BNKs) may consist of an organic insulating material. Each of the multiple banks (BNKs) may consist of a single or multiple layer of the organic insulating material. For example, each of the multiple banks (BNKs) may consist of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or acrylic material. 【0089】 A first electrode (CE1) can be placed on each of multiple subpixels. The first electrode (CE1) can be placed on the bank (BNK) while superimposing it on the bank (BNK). The first electrode (CE1) can be electrically connected to one of the multiple signal lines (TL) (TL). 【0090】 At least a portion of the first electrode (CE1) can extend outside the bank (BNK) and be electrically connected to the signal line (TL) closest to the first electrode (CE1). A portion of the first electrode (CE1) may overlap with the bank (BNK), while the remainder of the first electrode (CE1) may not overlap with the bank (BNK). 【0091】 For example, a portion of the first electrode (CE1) of the first subpixel (SP1a) can extend to one side of the first subpixel (SP1a) and be electrically connected to the first signal line (TL1), and a portion of the first electrode (CE1) of the first subpixel (SP1b) can extend to the other side of the first subpixel (SP1b) and be electrically connected to the second signal line (TL2). A portion of the first electrode (CE1) of the second subpixel (SP2a) can extend to one side of the second subpixel (SP2a) and be electrically connected to the third signal line (TL3), and a portion of the first electrode (CE1) of the second subpixel (SP2b) can extend to the other side of the second subpixel (SP2b) and be electrically connected to the fourth signal line (TL4). A portion of the first electrode (CE1) of the third subpixel (SP3a) can extend to one side of the third subpixel (SP3a) and be electrically connected to the fifth signal line (TL5), and a portion of the first electrode (CE1) of the third subpixel (SP3b) can extend to the other side of the third subpixel (SP3b) and be electrically connected to the sixth signal line (TL6). 【0092】 The first electrode (CE1) is electrically connected to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (ED). The anode voltage transmitted from the pixel driver circuit (PD) can be transmitted to the light-emitting element (ED) via the signal line (TL) and the first electrode (CE1) in sequence. Different voltages can be applied to the first electrode (CE1) of each of the multiple subpixels depending on the displayed image. For example, different voltages can be applied to the first electrodes (CE1) of multiple subpixels. Therefore, the first electrode (CE1) can be named a pixel electrode. 【0093】 The first electrode (CE1) can be made of a conductive material. For example, the first electrode (CE1) can be integrated with the signal line (TL). For example, the first electrode (CE1) can be made of the same conductive material as the signal line (TL). For example, the first electrode (CE1) can be made of any one of the following conductive materials: titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). As another example, the first electrode (CE1) can be made of a multilayer structure of conductive material. For example, multiple first electrodes (CE1) can consist of a multilayer structure of titanium (Ti) / aluminum (Al) / titanium (Ti) / indium tin oxide (ITO). 【0094】 A light-emitting element (ED) can be placed in each of multiple subpixels. The light-emitting element (ED) may be either an LED (Light-emitting Diode) or a Micro LED (Micro Light-emitting Diode). The light-emitting element (ED) can be placed on the bank (BNK) and the first electrode (CE1) while superimposing them on the bank (BNK) and the first electrode (CE1). The entire area of ​​the light-emitting element (ED) can be superimposed on the bank (BNK) and the first electrode (CE1). 【0095】 The light-emitting element (ED) is positioned on the first electrode (CE1) and can be electrically connected to the first electrode (CE1). Therefore, the light-emitting element (ED) can output light using the anode voltage (or anode current) transmitted from the pixel driver circuit (PD) via the signal line (TL) and the first electrode (CE1). 【0096】 The multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) may include a first light-emitting element 130, a second light-emitting element 140, and a third light-emitting element 150. The first light-emitting element 130 may be placed in a first subpixel (SP1). The second light-emitting element 140 may be placed in a second subpixel (SP2). The third light-emitting element 150 may be placed in a third subpixel (SP3). For example, one of the first light-emitting element 130, the second light-emitting element 140, and the third light-emitting element 150 may be a red light-emitting element, another may be a green light-emitting element, and the rest may be blue light-emitting elements, but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. By combining the red, green, and blue light emitted by the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs), various colors of light, including white, can be realized. The types of multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) are illustrative, and the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. 【0097】 The first light-emitting element 130 may include a first a-light-emitting element 130a positioned in the first a subpixel (SP1a), and a first b-light-emitting element 130b positioned in the first b subpixel (SP1b). The second light-emitting element 140 may include a second a-light-emitting element 140a positioned in the second a subpixel (SP2a) and a second b-light-emitting element 140b positioned in the second b subpixel (SP2b). The third light-emitting element 150 may include a third a-light-emitting element 150a positioned in the third a subpixel (SP3a) and a third b-light-emitting element 150b positioned in the third b subpixel (SP3b). 【0098】 The second electrode (CE2) can be placed in each of the multiple subpixels. 【0099】 The second electrode (CE2) can be placed on the light-emitting element (ED). The second electrode (CE2) can be electrically connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD) via a plurality of contact electrodes (CCE). 【0100】 For example, the second electrode (CE2) is electrically connected to the cathode electrode of the light-emitting element (ED) and can transmit the cathode voltage transmitted from the pixel driver circuit (PD) to the light-emitting element (ED). In other words, the second electrode (CE2) is connected to the cathode electrode. Therefore, in the following description, the second electrode (CE2) can mean the cathode electrode, or it can mean a separate electrode connected to the cathode electrode. 【0101】 The same cathode voltage can be applied to the second electrode (CE2) of multiple subpixels. For example, the same voltage can be applied to the second electrode (CE2) provided on multiple subpixels. Therefore, the second electrode (CE2) can be called a common electrode. 【0102】 At least some of the multiple subpixels can share the second electrode (CE2). For example, the second electrode (CE2) can be present in at least two subpixels. More specifically, the second electrode (CE2) can be present in at least one pixel (PX) of multiple pixels (PX) arranged in the same row in the lateral direction (X-axis direction). For example, one second electrode (CE2) can be placed on multiple pixels (PX). That is, one second electrode (CE2) can be placed on n subpixels (where n is a natural number). Figures 7A and 7B show a display device in which one second electrode (CE2) is provided on two pixels (PX) arranged along the lateral direction (X-axis direction). 【0103】 In this case, the second electrodes (CE2) provided on multiple subpixels can be arranged separately from each other. For example, the second electrode (CE2) connected to the pixel (PX) in the nth row and the second electrode (CE2) connected to the pixel (PX) in the (n+1)th row can be arranged separately from each other. For example, as shown in Figures 7A and 7B, multiple second electrodes (CE2) can be arranged separately from each other with multiple communication lines (NL) extending in the row direction in between. Therefore, the number of multiple subpixels may be greater than the number of multiple second electrodes (CE2). 【0104】 Multiple second electrodes (CE2) can be made of a transparent conductive material. When multiple second electrodes (CE2) are made of a transparent conductive material, the light emitted from the light-emitting element (ED) can be directed towards the top of the second electrodes (CE2). For example, the second electrodes (CE2) can be made of transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). 【0105】 Multiple contact electrodes (CCEs) can be arranged on the substrate 110. For example, multiple contact electrodes (CCEs) can be arranged at a distance from multiple banks (BNKs) and multiple signal lines (TLs). Each of the multiple second electrodes (CE2) can be superimposed on at least one contact electrode (CCE). For example, one second electrode (CE2) can be superimposed on multiple contact electrodes (CCEs). 【0106】 For example, multiple contact electrodes (CCEs) can be electrically connected to a second electrode (CE2). The contact electrodes (CCEs) are positioned between the substrate 110 and the second electrode (CE2) and can transmit the cathode voltage transmitted from the pixel drive circuit (PD) to the second electrode (CE2). 【0107】 When using micro-LEDs as light-emitting elements (EDs), multiple micro-LEDs can be formed on a wafer, and the display panel 100 can be manufactured by transferring the micro-LEDs to a substrate 110. Various defects can occur during the process of transferring multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) of a small size from the wafer to the substrate 110. For example, some subpixels may not be transferred, resulting in a non-transfer defect, while other subpixels may be transferred with the light-emitting elements (EDs) shifted from their designated positions due to alignment errors. Furthermore, even if the transfer process proceeds normally, the transferred light-emitting elements (EDs) themselves may be defective. Therefore, considering defects during the transfer process for multiple light-emitting elements (EDs), multiple identical light-emitting elements (EDs) can be transferred to a single subpixel. After lighting tests are performed on the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs), only the single light-emitting element (ED) that is ultimately judged to be normal can be used. 【0108】 For example, a first a-element light-emitting element 130a and a first b-element light-emitting element 130b can be transferred together to a single pixel (PX), and their defects can be checked. If both the first a-element light-emitting element 130a and the first b-element light-emitting element 130b are determined to be normal, only the first a-element light-emitting element 130a may be used, and the first b-element light-emitting element 130b may remain unused. As another example, if only the first b-element light-emitting element 130b is determined to be normal, the first a-element light-emitting element 130a will remain unused, and only the first b-element light-emitting element 130b can be used. Therefore, even if multiple identical light-emitting elements (EDs) are transferred to a single pixel (PX), ultimately only one light-emitting element (ED) can be used. 【0109】 In this case, one of a pair of light-emitting elements (EDs) can be called the main (or primary) ED, and the other ED can be called the redundant ED. The redundant ED may be an extra ED that is transferred in case the main ED fails. If the main ED fails, the redundant ED can be used in its place. By transferring both the main ED and the redundant ED together to a single pixel (PX), the degradation of display quality due to failures of the main ED and the redundant ED can be minimized. 【0110】 For example, the first a-element light-emitting element 130a, the second a-element light-emitting element 140a, and the third a-element light-emitting element 150a, transferred to a single pixel (PX), can be used as the main element-emitting element (ED), while the first b-element light-emitting element 130b, the second b-element light-emitting element 140b, and the third b-element light-emitting element 150b can be used as redundant element-emitting elements (ED). 【0111】 Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. For example, Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display area (AA), a first non-display area (NA), a bending area (BA), and a second non-display area (NA2), and Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) provided in the display area (AA). 【0112】 Referring to Figure 8, the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b can be placed in the remaining area of ​​the substrate 110, excluding the bending region (BA). 【0113】 The first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b can be placed in the display area (AA), the first non-display area (NA1), and the second non-display area (NA2). The first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b can reduce the penetration of moisture or impurities through the substrate 110. The first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b can be made of an inorganic insulating material. For example, each of the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b can be made of a single layer of silicon oxide (SiOx) or silicon nitride (SiNx), or it can be made of a multilayer containing at least one of silicon oxide (SiOx) and silicon nitride (SiNx), but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. 【0114】 For example, portions of the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b located in the bending region (BA) can be removed. The upper surface of the substrate 110 located in the bending region (BA) can be exposed without being covered by the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b. When the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b, which are made of inorganic insulating material, are removed from the bending region (BA), cracks in the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b that may occur during bending can be minimized. 【0115】 Multiple alignment keys (MKs) can be placed between the first buffer layer 111a and the second buffer layer 111b. These alignment keys (MKs) can be configured to identify the position of the pixel drive circuit (PD) during the manufacturing process of the display panel 100. For example, they can be configured to align the position of the pixel drive circuit (PD) transferred onto the adhesive layer 112. However, the alignment keys (MKs) can be omitted. 【0116】 An adhesive layer 112 can be placed on the second buffer layer 111b. The adhesive layer 112 can be placed in the display area (AA), the first non-display area (NA1), the bending area (BA), and the second non-display area (NA2). At least a portion of the adhesive layer 112 can also be removed in the non-display areas (NA1, NA2) including the bending area (BA). For example, the adhesive layer 112 can consist of one of the following: an adhesive polymer, an epoxy resin, a UV-curable resin, a polyimide-based resin, an acrylate-based resin, a urethane-based resin, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). 【0117】 In the display area (AA), a pixel drive circuit (PD) can be placed on the adhesive layer 112. The pixel drive circuit (PD) can be mounted on the adhesive layer 112 by a transfer process, but the embodiments described herein are not limited to this. 【0118】 A first protective layer 113a and a second protective layer 113b can be placed on the adhesive layer 112 and the pixel drive circuit (PD). The first protective layer 113a and the second protective layer 113b can be placed so as to surround the sides of the pixel drive circuit (PD). For example, the second protective layer 113b can be placed so as to cover at least a portion of the upper surface of the pixel drive circuit (PD). At least one of the first protective layer 113a and the second protective layer 113b placed on the bending region (BA) can be omitted. For example, the first protective layer 113a can be placed entirely on the display region (AA) and the non-display region (NA), the second protective layer 113b can be placed partially on the display region (AA), the first non-display region (NA1), and the second non-display region (NA2), and the second protective layer 113b may not be placed on the bending region (BA). 【0119】 The first protective layer 113a and the second protective layer 113b can be made of an organic insulating material. For example, the first protective layer 113a and the second protective layer 113b can be made of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or photoacrylic material. The first protective layer 113a and the second protective layer 113b may be an overcoat layer or an insulating layer. 【0120】 According to this specification, a plurality of first connecting lines 121 can be arranged on the second protective layer 113b in the display area (AA). The first connecting lines 121 may be lines for electrically connecting a pixel driving circuit (PD) to other components. The pixel driving circuit (PD) can be electrically connected to signal lines (TL) and contact electrodes (CCE) etc. via the first connecting lines 121. 【0121】 The first connecting line 121 may include a firsta connecting line 121a, a firstb connecting line 121b, a firstc connecting line 121c, and a firstd connecting line 121d. 【0122】 Multiple first a connecting lines 121a can be arranged on the second protective layer 113b. Multiple first a connecting lines 121a can be electrically connected to a pixel drive circuit (PD). The first a connecting lines 121a can transmit the voltage output from the pixel drive circuit (PD) to the first electrode (CE1) or the second electrode (CE2). 【0123】 A third protective layer 114 can be placed on the second protective layer 113b. The third protective layer 114 can be placed entirely in the display area (AA) and the non-display area (NA). In the bending area (BA), the third protective layer 114 can cover or overlap the sides of the second protective layer 113b and the top surface of the first protective layer 113a. The third protective layer 114 can be made of an organic insulating material. For example, the third protective layer 114 can be made of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or photoacrylic material. The first protective layer 113a, the second protective layer 113b, and the third protective layer 114 can be made of the same material, but the examples herein are not limited to this. 【0124】 Multiple firstb connection lines 121b can be arranged on the third protective layer 114. The firstb connection lines 121b can be connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD) via the firsta connection lines 121a or directly to the pixel driver circuit (PD). For example, a portion of the firstb connection lines 121b can be directly connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD) via contact holes in the third protective layer 114. Another portion of the firstb connection lines 121b can be electrically connected to the firsta connection lines 121a via contact holes in the third protective layer 114. However, the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. For example, a voltage output from the pixel driver circuit (PD) can be transmitted to a first electrode (CE1) or a second electrode (CE2) via connection lines different from the firstb connection lines 121b. 【0125】 The first insulating layer 115a can be placed on multiple first b connecting lines 121b. The first insulating layer 115a can be placed entirely over the display area (AA) and the non-display area (NA), but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. The first insulating layer 115a can be made of an organic insulating material. For example, the first insulating layer 115a can be made of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or photoacrylic material. 【0126】 Multiple first c-connection lines 121c can be arranged on the first insulating layer 115a. The first c-connection lines 121c can be electrically connected to the first b-connection lines 121b. For example, the first c-connection lines 121c can be electrically connected to the first b-connection lines 121b through contact holes in the first insulating layer 115a. 【0127】 The second insulating layer 115b can be placed on multiple first c connecting lines 121c. The second insulating layer 115b can be placed in the remaining areas excluding the bending region (BA), but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. The second insulating layer 115b can be placed in the display region (AA), the first non-display region (NA1), and the second non-display region (NA2). For example, at least a portion of the second insulating layer 115b placed in the bending region (BA) can be removed. The second insulating layer 115b can be made of an organic insulating material. For example, the second insulating layer 115b can be made of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or photoacrylic material. 【0128】 Multiple first d connection lines 121d can be arranged on the second insulating layer 115b. The first d connection lines 121d can be electrically connected to the first c connection lines 121c. For example, the first d connection lines 121d can be electrically connected to the first c connection lines 121c via contact holes in the second insulating layer 115b. 【0129】 The first connecting line 121d can be connected to the contact electrode (CCE) via the contact hole in the third insulating layer 115c, thereby electrically connecting the contact electrode (CCE) and the pixel driving circuit (PD) via the first connecting line 121. 【0130】 In other words, the contact electrode (CCE) connected to the second electrode (CE2) can be electrically connected to the pixel drive circuit (PD) via the firstd connection line 121d, the firstc connection line 121c, the firstb connection line 121b, and the firsta connection line 121a. 【0131】 However, the first connecting line 121d can also be directly connected to the signal line (TL) via a contact hole provided in the third insulating layer 115c, or it can be electrically connected to the signal line (TL) via other additional lines or electrodes, thereby enabling the signal line (TL) and the pixel driving circuit (PD) to be electrically connected by the first connecting line 121. 【0132】 The signal line (TL) can be formed from at least one of the firsta connection lines 121a to the firstd connection line 121d, or it can be connected to the first connection line 121. 【0133】 In the non-display area (NA), a plurality of second connecting lines 122 can be arranged on the second protective layer 113b. The second connecting lines 122 may be lines for transmitting signals transmitted from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 to the pad area (PAD) to the pixel driving circuit (PD) of the display area (AA). 【0134】 For example, multiple second connecting lines 122 can be electrically connected to multiple pad electrodes (PE) and receive signals transmitted from a flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and a printed circuit board 160. 【0135】 For example, multiple second link lines 122 can extend from the pad section (PAD) toward the display area (AA) and transmit signals to the lines of the display area (AA). In this case, each of the multiple second link lines 122 can perform the function of a link line (LL in Figure 3). The second link lines 122 may include seconda link line 122a, secondb link line 122b, secondc link line 122c, and secondd link line 122d. 【0136】 Multiple seconda connecting lines 122a can be arranged on the second protective layer 113b. These multiple seconda connecting lines 122a can extend from the second non-display area (NA2) to the bending area (BA) and the first non-display area (NA1). The multiple seconda connecting lines 122a can transmit signals transmitted from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 to the pad area (PAD) to the pixel driving circuit (PD) in the display area (AA). Therefore, the seconda connecting lines 122a can be electrically connected to the pad electrodes (PE) and the pixel driving circuit (PD), respectively. For example, the seconda connecting lines 122a can extend into the display area (AA) and be directly connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD) within the display area (AA), or they can be electrically connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD) via other additional lines or electrodes. Furthermore, the seconda connection line 122a can be electrically connected to the pad electrodes (PE) in the second non-display area (NA2) via the secondb connection line 122b, the secondc connection line 122c, and the secondd connection line 122d. Therefore, the pixel drive circuit (PD) and the pad electrodes (PE) can be electrically connected by the second connection line 122. 【0137】 Multiple secondb connection lines 122b can be arranged on the third protective layer 114. The secondb connection lines 122b can be arranged in the second non-display area (NA2). The secondb connection lines 122b can be electrically connected to the seconda connection lines 122a via contact holes in the third protective layer 114. Therefore, signals transmitted from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 can be transmitted to the seconda connection lines 122a via the secondb connection lines 122b. 【0138】 A second c-connection line 122c can be placed on the first insulating layer 115a. The second c-connection line 122c can be placed in the second non-display area (NA2). The second c-connection line 122c can be electrically connected to the second b-connection line 122b via a contact hole in the first insulating layer 115a. Thus, signals transmitted from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 can be transmitted to the second a-connection line 122a via the second c-connection line 122c and the second b-connection line 122b. 【0139】 A second d connection line 122d can be placed on the second insulating layer 115b. The second d connection line 122d can be placed in the second non-display area (NA2). The second d connection line 122d can be electrically connected to the second c connection line 122c via a contact hole in the second organic insulating layer 115b. 【0140】 Therefore, signals transmitted from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board 160 can be transmitted to the seconda connection line 122a via the secondd connection line 122d, the secondc connection line 122c, and the secondb connection line 122b. 【0141】 Furthermore, the seconda connecting line 122a can be extended to the display area (AA) via the bending area (BA), and can be electrically connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD) in the display area (AA). 【0142】 Therefore, the pad electrodes (PE) provided in the second non-display area (NA2) can be electrically connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD) provided in the display area (AA) via the secondd connecting line 122d, the secondc connecting line 122c, the secondb connecting line 122b, and the seconda connecting line 122a provided in the bending area (BA). 【0143】 Each of the first connecting line 121 and the second connecting line 122 can be formed from any one of the following: a highly flexible conductive material or a variety of conductive materials used in the display area (AA). For example, the second connecting line 122, which is partially located in the bending area (BA), can be made of a highly flexible conductive material such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), or aluminum (Al). Other examples include, but the embodiments herein are not limited to, each of the first connecting line 121 and the second connecting line 122 being made of molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and alloys of silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg). 【0144】 The third insulating layer 115c can be placed on multiple first connecting lines 121 and multiple second connecting lines 122. The third insulating layer 115c can be placed in the remaining area excluding the bending region (BA). The third insulating layer 115c can be placed in the display region (AA), the first non-display region (NA1), and the second non-display region (NA2). At least a portion of the third insulating layer 115c in the bending region (BA) can be removed. The third insulating layer 115c can be made of an organic insulating material, but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. For example, the third insulating layer 115c can be made of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or photoacrylic material. 【0145】 A bank (BNK) can be placed on the third insulating layer 115c in the display area (AA). The bank (BNK) can be placed so as to overlap each of the subpixels. The bank (BNK) may not be placed in the first non-display area (NA1), the second non-display area (NA2), and the bending area (BA). One or more light-emitting elements (ED) of the same type can be placed on top of the bank (BNK). 【0146】 Multiple signal lines (TL) can be arranged on the third insulating layer 115c in the display area (AA). The signal lines (TL) can be arranged in the area between multiple banks (BNK). For example, the signal lines (TL) can be arranged adjacent to any one of the multiple banks (BNK). The signal lines (TL) can be electrically connected to the first connection line 121, for example, the first d connection line 121d. 【0147】 Multiple contact electrodes (CCE) can be arranged on the third insulating layer 115c in the display area (AA). The contact electrodes (CCE) can supply the cathode voltage transmitted from the pixel driving circuit (PD) to the second electrode (CE2). The contact electrodes (CCE) can be electrically connected to the first connecting line 121, for example, the first d connecting line 121d. 【0148】 A first electrode (CE1) can be placed on the bank (BNK). For example, the first electrode (CE1) can be placed extending from an adjacent signal line (TL) toward the top of the bank (BNK). The first electrode (CE1) can be placed on the top surface and the side surface of the bank (BNK). For example, the first electrode (CE1) can be placed extending from a signal line (TL) provided on the top surface of the third insulating layer 115c toward the side surface and the top surface of the bank (BNK). The first electrode (CE1) can be formed integrally with the signal line (TL). 【0149】 Referring to Figure 9, the first electrode (CE1) can be composed of multiple conductive layers. For example, the first electrode (CE1) may include a first conductive layer (CE1a), a second conductive layer (CE1b), a third conductive layer (CE1c), and a fourth conductive layer (CE1d). 【0150】 The first conductive layer (CE1a) can be placed on a bank (BNK). The second conductive layer (CE1b) can be placed on the first conductive layer (CE1a). The third conductive layer (CE1c) can be placed on the second conductive layer (CE1b). The fourth conductive layer (CE1d) can be placed on the third conductive layer (CE1c). For example, each of the first conductive layer (CE1a), the second conductive layer (CE1b), the third conductive layer (CE1c), and the fourth conductive layer (CE1d) can be composed of titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), or titanium (Ti) and indium tin oxide (ITO), but the examples herein are not limited thereto. 【0151】 Among the multiple conductive layers constituting the first electrode (CE1), some conductive layers with good reflectivity can be used as alignment keys and / or reflectors for aligning the light-emitting element (ED). For example, among the multiple conductive layers of the first electrode (CE1), the second conductive layer (CE1b) may contain a reflective material. For example, the second conductive layer (CE1b) may contain aluminum (Al). In this case, the second conductive layer (CE1b) can be used as a reflector. Furthermore, the high reflectivity of the second conductive layer (CE1b) makes it easy to identify in the manufacturing process, thereby allowing the position or transfer position of the light-emitting element (ED) to be aligned with respect to the second conductive layer (CE1b). 【0152】 For example, in order to use the second conductive layer (CE1b) as a reflector, the third conductive layer (CE1c) and the fourth conductive layer (CE1d) covering the second conductive layer (CE1b) can be partially removed or etched. The upper surface of the second conductive layer (CE1b) can be exposed by removing or etching a portion of the third conductive layer (CE1c) and the fourth conductive layer (CE1d) placed on a bank (BNK). Of the third conductive layer (CE1c) and the fourth conductive layer (CE1d), the central portion and the edge (or end portion) where the solder pattern (SDP) is placed can be left intact, and the remaining portions can be removed. The edge (or end portion) and central portion of the third conductive layer (CE1c), which is made of titanium (Ti), and the fourth conductive layer (CE1d), which is made of indium tin oxide (ITO), may not be etched. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of other conductive layers of the first electrode (CE1) being corroded by the TMAH (Tetra Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide) solution used in the masking process of the first electrode (CE1). 【0153】 The first conductive layer (CE1a) and the third conductive layer (CE1c) may contain titanium (Ti) or molybdenum (Mo). The second conductive layer (CE1b) may contain aluminum (Al). The fourth conductive layer (CE1d) may contain a transparent conductive oxide layer such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) which has good adhesion to the solder pattern (SDP) and is corrosion-resistant and acid-resistant. 【0154】 The first conductive layer (CE1a), the second conductive layer (CE1b), the third conductive layer (CE1c), and the fourth conductive layer (CE1d) can be patterned by performing a photolithography process and an etching process after being deposited in sequence. 【0155】 Each of the signal line (TL), contact electrode (CCE), and pad electrode (PE), which are arranged on the same layer as the first electrode (CE1), can be made of a multilayer of conductive material, but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. For example, each of the signal line (TL), contact electrode (CCE), and pad electrode (PE) can be made of a multilayer of indium tin oxide (ITO) / titanium (Ti) / aluminum (Al) / titanium (Ti). 【0156】 In each of the multiple subpixels, a solder pattern (SDP) can be placed on the first electrode (CE1). The solder pattern (SDP) can be used to bond an luminescent element (ED) to the first electrode (CE1). The first electrode (CE1) and the luminescent element (ED) can be electrically connected via entrctic bonding using the solder pattern (SDP), but the embodiments herein are not limited to this. For example, if the solder pattern (SDP) is made of indium (In) and the anode electrode 134 of the luminescent element (ED) is made of gold (Au), the solder pattern (SDP) and the anode electrode 134 can be bonded by applying heat and pressure during the transfer process of the luminescent element (ED). The luminescent element (ED) can be bonded to the solder pattern (SDP) and the first electrode (CE1) via entrctic bonding without the need for a separate adhesive. The solder pattern (SDP) can be made of indium (In), tin (Sn), or alloys thereof. For example, a solder pattern (SDP) could be a bonding pad or joint pad. 【0157】 The passivation layer 116 can be placed on multiple signal lines (TL), multiple first electrodes (CE1), multiple contact electrodes (CCE), and the third insulating layer 115c. For example, the passivation layer 116 can be placed in the display area (AA), the first non-display area (NA1), and the second non-display area (NA2). At least a portion of the passivation layer 116 placed in the bending area (BA) can be removed. A portion of the passivation layer 116 covering multiple pad electrodes (PE) in the second non-display area (NA2) can be removed. A portion of the passivation layer 116 covering multiple contact electrodes (CCE) in the display area (AA) can be removed. A passivation layer 116 covering the solder pattern (SDP) in the display area (AA) can be removed. The passivation layer 116 can cover the first electrode (CE1). The passivation layer 116 can cover a portion of the upper surface of the exposed second conductive layer (CE1b). 【0158】 The passivation layer 116 is positioned to expose portions of multiple pad electrodes (PEs), multiple contact electrodes (CCEs), and solder patterns (SDPs), while covering the remaining areas, thereby reducing the penetration of moisture or impurities into the light-emitting element (ED). The passivation layer 116 can consist of a single or multiple layer of silicon oxide (SiOx) or silicon nitride (SiNx). For example, the passivation layer 116 may be a protective layer or an insulating layer. The passivation layer 116 may include holes for exposing solder patterns (SDPs) and holes for exposing contact electrodes (CCEs). 【0159】 In each of the multiple subpixels, an ED (light-emitting element) can be placed on the solder pattern (SDP). The first ED 130 can be placed in the first subpixel (SP1). The second ED 140 can be placed in the second subpixel (SP2). The third ED 150 can be placed in the third subpixel (SP3). 【0160】 Light-emitting elements (EDs) can be formed on a silicon wafer by methods such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), or sputtering, but the examples herein are not limited to these methods. 【0161】 The first light-emitting element 130 may include an anode electrode 134, a first semiconductor layer 131, an active layer 132, a second semiconductor layer 133, a cathode electrode 135, and a sealing film 136. For example, the first light-emitting element 130 may not include the sealing film 136. 【0162】 A first semiconductor layer 131 can be placed on a solder pattern (SDP). A second semiconductor layer 133 can be placed on the first semiconductor layer 131. 【0163】 For example, each of the first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133 can be made up of compound semiconductors such as those of the III-V or II-VIII groups, and each of the first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133 can be doped with impurities (or dopants). For example, one of the first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133 may be a semiconductor layer doped with an n-type impurity, and the other may be a semiconductor layer doped with a p-type impurity. For example, the first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133 may each be a layer doped with n-type or p-type impurities in a material such as gallium nitride (GaN), gallium phosphide (GaP), gallium arsenide (GaAsP), aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP), indium aluminum phosphide (InAlP), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), aluminum indium nitride (AlInN), aluminum indium gallium nitride (AlInGaN), aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), or gallium arsenide (GaAs). n-type impurities may include silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), selenium (Se), carbon (C), tellurium (Te), or tin (Sn). p-type impurities may include magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), or beryllium (Be). 【0164】 The first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133 can each be a nitride semiconductor containing n-type impurities or a nitride semiconductor containing p-type impurities. For example, the first semiconductor layer 131 may be a nitride semiconductor containing p-type impurities, and the second semiconductor layer 133 may be a nitride semiconductor containing n-type impurities. 【0165】 The active layer 132 can be placed between the first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133. The active layer 132 can emit light by receiving holes and electrons from the first semiconductor layer 131 and the second semiconductor layer 133. For example, the active layer 132 can be composed of one of the following: a single well structure, a multiple well structure, a single quantum well structure, a multi-quantum well (MQW) structure, a quantum dot structure, and a quantum beam structure. The active layer 132 can be composed of indium gallium nitride (InGaN) or gallium nitride (GaN), etc. 【0166】 As another example, the active layer 132 may include a multi-quantum well (MQW) structure having a well layer and a barrier layer with a higher band gap than the well layer. For example, the active layer 132 may include InGaN as the well layer and an AlGaN layer as the barrier layer. 【0167】 The anode electrode 134 can be placed between the first semiconductor layer 131 and the solder pattern (SDP). The anode electrode 134 can electrically connect the first semiconductor layer 131 and the first electrode (CE1). The anode voltage output from the pixel drive circuit (PD) can be applied to the first semiconductor layer 131 via the signal line (TL), the first electrode (CE1), and the anode electrode 134. The anode electrode 134 can be made of a conductive material that can be eutectic bonded to the solder pattern (SDP). The anode electrode 134 can be made of gold (Au), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), indium (In), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu), or alloys thereof. 【0168】 The cathode electrode 135 can be placed on the second semiconductor layer 133. For example, the cathode electrode 135 can electrically connect the second semiconductor layer 133 and the second electrode (CE2). The cathode voltage output from the pixel drive circuit (PD) can be applied to the second semiconductor layer 133 via the contact electrode (CCE), the second electrode (CE2), and the cathode electrode 135. The cathode electrode 135 can be made of a transparent conductive material so that the light emitted from the light-emitting element (ED) is directed towards the top of the light-emitting element (ED). For example, the cathode electrode 135 can be made of a material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). 【0169】 The encapsulation film 136 can be placed on at least a portion of the first semiconductor layer 131, the active layer 132, the second semiconductor layer 133, the anode electrode 134, and the cathode electrode 135. For example, the encapsulation film 136 can surround at least a portion of the first semiconductor layer 131, the active layer 132, the second semiconductor layer 133, the anode electrode 134, and the cathode electrode 135. 【0170】 The encapsulation film 136 can protect the first semiconductor layer 131, the active layer 132, and the second semiconductor layer 133. The encapsulation film 136 can be placed on the side surfaces of the first semiconductor layer 131, the active layer 132, and the second semiconductor layer 133. 【0171】 The sealing film 136 can be present on at least a portion of the anode electrode 134 and the cathode electrode 135. For example, the sealing film 136 can be placed on the edge (or end portion or one side) of the anode electrode 134 and the edge (or end portion or one side) of the cathode electrode 135. At least a portion of the anode electrode 134 is exposed without being covered by the sealing film 136, allowing the anode electrode 134 to be connected to a solder pattern (SDP). For example, at least a portion of the cathode electrode 135 is exposed without being covered by the sealing film 136, allowing the cathode electrode 135 to be connected to a second electrode (CE2). The sealing film 136 can be made of an insulating material such as silicon nitride (SiNx) or silicon oxide (SiOx). 【0172】 As another example, the encapsulation film 136 may be a film in which a reflective material is dispersed in a resin layer. The encapsulation film 136 can be fabricated with reflectors of various structures. Light emitted from the active layer 132 is reflected upward by the encapsulation film 136, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency. In this case, the encapsulation film 136 may be a reflective layer. 【0173】 Although the light-emitting element (ED) has been described in terms of a vertical structure, the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. For example, the light-emitting element (ED) may have a lateral structure or a flip-chip structure. 【0174】 In the above description, the first light-emitting element 130 was explained with reference to Figure 9, but the second light-emitting element 140 and the third light-emitting element 150 can have substantially the same structure as the first light-emitting element 130. For example, each of the second light-emitting element 140 and the third light-emitting element 150 may include substantially the same structure as the first semiconductor layer 131, active layer 132, second semiconductor layer 133, anode electrode 134, cathode electrode 135, and sealing film 136 of the first light-emitting element 130. 【0175】 According to this specification, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, a first optical layer 117a can be arranged in the display area (AA) to surround a plurality of light-emitting elements (EDs). For example, the first optical layer 117a can be arranged to cover the sides of the plurality of light-emitting elements (EDs) and the sides of the plurality of banks (BNKs). The first optical layer 117a can cover a portion of the passivation layer 116. The first optical layer 117a can be provided between the second electrode (CE2), the passivation layer 116, and the plurality of light-emitting elements (EDs). 【0176】 The first optical layer 117a can be positioned between multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) contained in a single pixel (PX), or it can cover multiple light-emitting elements (EDs), or it can be positioned between multiple banks (BNKs), or it can cover multiple banks (BNKs). For example, the first optical layer 117a extends in a first direction, and multiple first optical layers 117a can be positioned on a plan view spaced apart from a second direction. For example, the first optical layer 117a can be positioned between the passivation layer 116 and the second electrode (CE2) so as to surround the sides of the light-emitting elements (EDs) and banks (BNKs). The first optical layer 117a can be called a diffusion layer or a sidewall diffusion layer, etc. In the following description, the first direction may be the X-axis direction as shown in Figure 5, and the second direction may be the Y-axis direction as shown in Figure 5. That is, the first direction and the second direction are different directions from each other. Therefore, in the following description, the first direction may be assigned the drawing reference numeral X, and the second direction may be assigned the drawing reference numeral Y. 【0177】 The first optical layer 117a may include an organic insulating material in which fine particles are dispersed. For example, the first optical layer 117a can be composed of a siloxane in which fine metal particles, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, are dispersed. Light emitted from multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) can be scattered by the fine particles dispersed in the first optical layer 117a and emitted to the outside of the display panel 100. Therefore, the first optical layer 117a can improve the extraction efficiency of light emitted from multiple light-emitting elements (EDs). 【0178】 The first optical layer 117a can be placed on each of multiple pixels (PX), or on some of the pixels (PX) arranged in the same row. For example, the first optical layer 117a can be placed on each of multiple pixels (PX). Also, multiple pixels (PX) can share one first optical layer 117a. As another example, each of multiple subpixels can also contain the first optical layer 117a. 【0179】 In the display area (AA), a second optical layer 117b can be placed on the passivation layer 116. For example, the second optical layer 117b can be placed so as to surround the first optical layer 117a. For example, the second optical layer 117b can be in contact with the side surface of the first optical layer 117a. For example, the second optical layer 117b can be placed in the region between multiple pixels (PX). However, the embodiments of this specification are not limited thereto. The second optical layer 117b may be called a diffusion layer, a diffusion layer window, or a window diffusion layer, etc. 【0180】 The second optical layer 117b may be composed of an organic insulating material, but the examples herein are not limited thereto. The second optical layer 117b may be composed of the same material as the first optical layer 117a, but the examples herein are not limited thereto. For example, the first optical layer 117a may contain fine particles, while the second optical layer 117b may not contain fine particles. For example, the second optical layer 117b may be composed of a siloxane. 【0181】 The thickness of the first optical layer 117a may be thinner than the thickness of the second optical layer 117b. Therefore, when viewed in plan, the region where the first optical layer 117a is located may include a recess that is inward from the upper surface of the second optical layer 117b. 【0182】 A second electrode (CE2) can be placed on the first optical layer 117a and the second optical layer 117b. The second electrode (CE2) can be electrically connected to a plurality of contact electrodes (CCE) via a contact hole in the second optical layer 117b. The second electrode (CE2) can be placed on a plurality of light-emitting elements (EDs). The second electrode (CE2) may include a transparent conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). The second electrode (CE2) can be positioned in contact with the cathode electrode 135. The second electrode (CE2) can be superimposed on the entire first optical layer 117a or on a portion of the second optical layer 117b. 【0183】 The second electrode (CE2) can extend continuously in the first direction (X) of the substrate 110. Therefore, the second electrode (CE2) can be commonly connected to at least two pixels (PX) arranged in the first direction (X) of the substrate 110. For example, the second electrode (CE2) can be commonly connected to at least two pixels (PX). 【0184】 The second electrode (CE2) can be provided on the upper end of the first optical layer 117a, the second optical layer 117b, and the light-emitting element (ED). The region on which the first optical layer 117a is located may include a recess that is recessed inward from the upper surface of the second optical layer 117b. As a result, the first portion of the second electrode (CE2) located on the first optical layer 117a is positioned along the recess, so that the first portion of the second electrode (CE2) located on the first optical layer 117a can be positioned lower than the second portion of the second electrode (CE2) located on the second optical layer 117b. 【0185】 A third optical layer 117c can be placed on the second electrode (CE2). The third optical layer 117c can be placed so as to overlap the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) and the first optical layer 117a. In this case, the third optical layer 117c can be placed so as not to overlap the second optical layer 117b. Since the third optical layer 117c is placed on top of the second electrode (CE2) and the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs), the third optical layer 117c can improve unevenness (Mura) that may occur in some of the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs). For example, when multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) are transferred onto the substrate 110 of the display panel 100, areas where the spacing between the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) is not uniform may occur due to process deviations, etc. When the spacing between the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) is uneven, the light-emitting areas of each of the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) may be unevenly arranged, thereby allowing the user to visually perceive the unevenness. Since a third optical layer 117c is provided above the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) to uniformly diffuse the light, the phenomenon in which light emitted from some of the light-emitting elements (EDs) appears uneven can be reduced. Therefore, the light emitted from the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) is uniformly diffused by the third optical layer 117c and extracted to the outside of the display panel 100, thereby improving the brightness uniformity of the display device. 【0186】 The third optical layer 117c can be composed of an organic insulating material in which fine particles are dispersed, but the examples herein are not limited thereto. For example, the third optical layer 117c can be composed of a siloxane in which fine metal particles such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are dispersed. However, the third optical layer 117c can be composed of the same material as the first optical layer 117a. The third optical layer 117c may be called a diffusion layer or an upper diffusion layer, etc. 【0187】 Light transmitted from multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) can be scattered by fine particles dispersed in the third optical layer 117c and emitted outside the display panel 100. The third optical layer 117c can uniformly mix the light emitted from the multiple light-emitting elements (EDs) to further improve the brightness uniformity of the display device. Furthermore, the light extraction efficiency of the display device can be improved by the light scattered by the multiple fine particles, thereby enabling the display device to be driven with low power. 【0188】 In the display area (AA), a black matrix (BM) can be placed at the upper end of the second electrode (CE2), the first optical layer 117a, the second optical layer 117b, and the third optical layer 117c. For example, the black matrix (BM) can fill the contact holes provided in the second optical layer 117b. Since the black matrix (BM) is configured to cover the display area (AA), it can reduce the mixing of light and external light reflection of multiple subpixels. For example, since the black matrix (BM) is also placed in the contact holes connecting the second electrode (CE2) and the contact electrode (CCE), it can prevent light leakage between multiple adjacent subpixels. 【0189】 The black matrix (BM) is not provided at the upper end of the light-emitting element (ED). This allows the light generated by the light-emitting element (ED) to be output externally. 【0190】 The black matrix (BM) can be composed of an opaque material, but the examples herein are not limited to this. For example, the black matrix (BM) may be an organic insulating material to which a black pigment or black dye has been added. 【0191】 In the display area (AA), a cover layer 118 can be placed on the black matrix (BM) as shown in Figure 8. The cover layer 118 can protect the structure beneath it. For example, the cover layer 118 can be made of an organic insulating material, but the examples herein are not limited to this. For example, the cover layer 118 can be made of a photoresist, polyimide (PI), or photoacrylic material. The cover layer 118 may be called an overcoat layer or insulating layer. 【0192】 A polarizing layer 280 can be placed on the cover layer 118 via a first adhesive layer 291. A cover member 120 can be placed on the polarizing layer 280 via a second adhesive layer 295. For example, the first adhesive layer 291 and the second adhesive layer 295 may include optically clear adhesive (OCA), optically clear resin (OCR), or pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). 【0193】 According to this specification, a plurality of pad electrodes (PEs) can be arranged on the third insulating layer 115c in the second non-display area (NA2). For example, at least a portion of the plurality of pad electrodes (PEs) can be exposed without being covered by the passivation layer 116. For example, the pad electrodes (PEs) can be electrically connected to the second to fourth connecting lines 122d via contact holes in the third insulating layer 115c. 【0194】 An adhesive film (ACF) can be placed on multiple pad electrodes (PE). The adhesive film (ACF) may be an adhesive layer in which conductive balls are dispersed in an insulating material. When heat or pressure is applied to the adhesive film (ACF), the conductive balls can electrically connect in the heated or pressured portion, thereby providing conductive properties. The adhesive film (ACF) can be placed between multiple pad electrodes (PE) and a flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170, and the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 can be attached to or bonded to the multiple pad electrodes (PE). For example, the adhesive film (ACF) may be an anisotropic conductive film. 【0195】 A flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 can be placed on an adhesive film (ACF). The flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 can be electrically connected to a plurality of pad electrodes (PE) via the adhesive film (ACF). Therefore, signals output from the flexible circuit board (or flexible film) 170 and the printed circuit board can be transmitted to the pixel driving circuit of the display area (AA) via the pad electrodes (PE), the secondd connection line 122d, the secondc connection line 122c, the secondb connection line 122b, and the seconda connection line 122a. 【0196】 Figure 10 is an illustrative diagram showing the structure of a touch electrode and a display driver applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. Content in the following description that is the same as or similar to that described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 will be omitted or briefly explained. 【0197】 As shown in Figure 10, a display device according to one embodiment of this specification may include a display panel 100 on which an image is displayed, and a display driver 200 that supplies an image signal and a control signal to a pixel drive circuit (PD) provided in the display panel 100 during the display period, and detects a touch on the display panel 100 using a touch sensing signal transmitted from the pixel drive circuit (PD) provided in the display panel 100 during the touch sensing period. 【0198】 However, the display driver 200 can also detect touches using touch sensing signals received from a separate touch panel provided in the display panel 100. 【0199】 For example, with reference to Figures 1 to 9, a display device in which a touch sensing signal is transmitted from a second electrode (CE2) provided on a display panel 100 to a display driver 200 has been described. That is, the second electrode (CE2) can be used as a cathode electrode to which a cathode voltage is supplied during the display period, and can be used as a touch electrode during the display period. 【0200】 However, in one embodiment of the display device described herein, a touch panel equipped with touch electrodes may be directly formed on the display panel 100 (hereinafter, the structure will be referred to as the on-cell type), or a touch panel equipped with touch electrodes may be attached to the display panel 100 (such a structure will be referred to as the add-on type). 【0201】 In this case, only a touch drive signal can be supplied to the touch panel, and the display driver 200 can also detect touches using the touch sensing signal received from the touch panel. 【0202】 In other words, in the display device according to one embodiment of this specification, the second electrode (CE2) used as a cathode electrode can also be used as a touch electrode, or a touch panel used solely for touch sensing can be directly formed on the display panel 100 or bonded to the display panel 100. 【0203】 In the following description, for the sake of clarity, a display device in which the second electrode (CE2), used as the cathode electrode, is also used as a touch electrode will be described as an example of a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. In addition to the display panel 100 and the display driver 200, the display device according to one embodiment of this specification may further include a timing controller 300, a power supply unit, and memory, as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. In this case, the display driver 200 can be included in the timing controller 300. The display device may also include an external system 900. 【0204】 The display driver 200 and the timing controller 300 can be provided on the printed circuit board 160. 【0205】 The power supply unit can supply various levels of power to the display panel 100, the display driver 200, and the timing controller 300. In particular, the power supply unit can supply cathode voltage to the second electrode (CE2). For this purpose, the power supply unit may include a cathode voltage supply unit 500. However, the cathode voltage supply unit 500 may be provided independently of the power supply unit. 【0206】 As described above, the display panel 100 may include a substrate 110 including a display area (AA) and a non-display area (NA), a pixel driving circuit (PD) provided in the display area (AA) on the substrate 110, an insulating layer provided on the pixel driving circuit (PD), a bank (BNK) provided on the insulating layer, a first electrode (CE1) connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD), a light-emitting element (ED) provided on the first electrode (CE1), and a second electrode (CE2) provided on the light-emitting element (ED). 【0207】 Here, the insulating layer can be formed as a single layer, but it can also consist of multiple layers. For example, the insulating layer may include a first insulating layer 115a, a second insulating layer 115b, and a third insulating layer 115c. 【0208】 Each bank (BNK) may be equipped with a first electrode (CE1). 【0209】 The first electrode (CE1) may be equipped with a light-emitting element (ED). 【0210】 A second electrode (CE2) may be provided at the upper end of the light-emitting element (ED). 【0211】 Each light-emitting element (ED) can be driven by any one of the pixel driver circuits (PDs). 【0212】 Each pixel driver (PD) is connected to at least two light-emitting elements (EDs) and is capable of driving at least two light-emitting elements (EDs). 【0213】 Each of the second electrodes (CE2) can be connected to at least two light-emitting elements (EDs). 【0214】 Some of the multiple subpixels may be covered by a second electrode (CE2). For example, the first light-emitting element 130, the second light-emitting element 140, and the third light-emitting element 150, which are provided in the first subpixel (SP1), the second subpixel (SP2), and the third subpixel (SP3), may be covered by a single second electrode (CE2). 【0215】 However, as shown in Figures 7A and 7B, subpixels (SP) contained within two or more pixels (PX) can be covered by a single second electrode (CE2). 【0216】 Each pixel driver circuit (PD) can be connected to at least two second electrodes (CE2). For example, the first light-emitting element 130, the second light-emitting element 140, and the third light-emitting element 150, which are provided on one pixel (PX), can be connected to one second electrode (CE2). Also, if the pixel driver circuit (PD) drives at least two pixels (PX), at least two second electrodes (CE2) can be connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD). For example, if pixels (PX) arranged in a 16x16 configuration are connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD), 16 second electrodes (CE2) can be connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD). 【0217】 In this case, the display panel 100 may include a light-emitting element section (EDU) which includes a pixel driving circuit (PD) and light-emitting elements (ED), and a touch electrode section (TEU) which includes at least two second electrodes (CE2). 【0218】 For example, in the display panel 100 shown in Figure 8, the substrate 110, buffer layers 111a, 111b, adhesive layer 112, pixel driving circuit (PD), protective layers 113a, 113b, 114, insulating layers 115a, 115b, 115c, first connecting line 121, bank (BNK), first electrode (CE1), light-emitting elements 130, 140, 150, and optical layers 117a, 117b can be included in the light-emitting element unit (EDU). 【0219】 Furthermore, in the display panel 100 shown in Figure 8, the second electrode (CE2) can be included in the touch electrode section (TEU). 【0220】 Furthermore, in the display panel 100 shown in Figure 8, the black matrix (BM), the third optical layer 117c, and the cover layer 118 may be other components included in the display panel 100. However, for the sake of explanation below, the black matrix (BM), the third optical layer 117c, and the cover layer 118 can be included in the light-emitting unit (EDU). 【0221】 To further explain, as described with reference to Figure 1, the display device 1000 according to one embodiment of this specification may include a display panel 100, a polarizing layer 280, an adhesive layer 290, a cover member 120, a support substrate 190, a flexible circuit board 170, and a printed circuit board 160, and the display panel 100 may include various layers as shown in Figure 8. 【0222】 In this case, the various layers included in the display panel 100 can be divided into light-emitting units (EDUs) and touch electrode units (TEUs). 【0223】 The light-emitting element (EDU) can include various layers as described above, and in particular, it can include a light-emitting element (ED). 【0224】 The touch electrode section (TEU) may include at least two second electrodes (CE2). 【0225】 In this case, the pixel driver circuit (PD) can essentially be included in the light-emitting unit (EDU) and can drive the first electrode (CE1) and the second electrode (CE2). However, for the sake of explanation, in Figure 10, the pixel driver circuit (PD) is included in the touch electrode unit (TEU). 【0226】 In the following description, the second electrode (CE2) controlled by a single pixel driver (PD) will be referred to as the subtouch electrode (STE). 【0227】 In the following description, a configuration that includes at least one sub-touch electrode (STE) and corresponds to one touch coordinate will be referred to as a touch electrode (TE). 【0228】 For example, a subtouch electrode (STE) can be connected to a pixel driver (PD), and the subtouch electrode (STE) can include at least two secondary electrodes (CE2). As described above, if pixels (PX) arranged in a 16x16 configuration are connected to a pixel driver (PD), the subtouch electrode (STE) can include 16 secondary electrodes (CE2). 【0229】 A single pixel driver (PD) controlling a single subtouch electrode (STE) can be connected to the display driver 200, as shown in Figure 10. 【0230】 For example, the pixel driver circuit (PD) can be connected to the display driver 200 via an image signal line (IL). In other words, an image signal line (IL) can be connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD). 【0231】 The pixel driver (PD) can connect the image signal line (IL) to either the first electrode (CE1) or the second electrode (CE2). 【0232】 For example, the pixel driver circuit (PD) can generate an anode voltage using the image signal supplied from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) during the display period, and then supply the anode voltage to the first electrode (CE1). 【0233】 Furthermore, during the touch sensing period, the pixel driver (PD) can transmit the touch sensing signal received from the second electrode (CE2) to the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL). 【0234】 However, in order to supply touch sensing signals to the pixel driver circuit (PD) and transmit the touch sensing signals generated by the pixel driver circuit (PD) to the display driver 200, a separate touch sensing signal line may be further provided between the pixel driver circuit (PD) and the display driver 200. 【0235】 In this case, the display driver 200 can supply an image signal to the pixel driver circuit (PD) via the image signal line (IL), and the pixel driver circuit (PD) can supply a touch sensing signal to the display driver 200 via the touch sensing signal line. 【0236】 In the following, for the sake of convenience, a display device according to one embodiment of this specification will be described using a display device in which an image signal and a touch sensing signal are supplied via an image signal line (IL), as shown in Figure 10. 【0237】 Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, the display device according to this specification will be described below using as an example a touch electrode (TE) that includes four sub-touch electrodes (STEs) along a first direction (X) and four sub-touch electrodes (STEs) along a second direction (Y), as shown in Figure 10. However, depending on the structure or resolution of the display panel 100, the touch electrode (TE) provided on the left side of the display panel 100 or the touch electrode (TE) provided on the right or left side of the display panel 100 may include three sub-touch electrodes (STEs) along a first direction (X) and four sub-touch electrodes (STEs) along a second direction (Y). For example, in the display panel 100, each of the touch electrodes (TE) provided on the right or left side of the display panel 100 may include three sub-touch electrodes (STEs) along a first direction (X) and four sub-touch electrodes (STEs) along a second direction (Y). 【0238】 To further explain, in the following description, a touch electrode (TE) can include 16 sub-touch electrodes (STEs). However, the number of sub-touch electrodes (STEs) included in a touch electrode (TE) can be varied depending on the structure and resolution of the display panel 100. 【0239】 In this case, the display driver 200 may include an image signal generation unit 230 that generates an image signal supplied to the pixel drive circuit (PD), and a touch control unit 220 for sensing touches. 【0240】 For example, the display driver 200 can generate an image signal that is supplied to the pixel driver circuit (PD) and supply it to the pixel driver circuit (PD). 【0241】 For this purpose, each of the pixel driver circuits (PDs) corresponding to all sub-touch electrodes (STEs) included in the touch electrode unit (TEU) can be connected to the display driver 200 via an image signal line (IL). 【0242】 In this case, the power required by the pixel driver (PD) can be transmitted from the power supply unit to the pixel driver (PD) via the display driver 200, or it can be transmitted directly from the power supply unit to the pixel driver (PD). 【0243】 Furthermore, the cathode voltage required to drive the light-emitting element (ED) can be transmitted from the cathode voltage supply unit 500 to the pixel driving circuit (PD) via the display driver 200, or it can be transmitted directly from the cathode voltage supply unit 500 to the pixel driving circuit (PD). For the sake of explanation, a display device in which the cathode voltage is transmitted directly from the cathode voltage supply unit 500 to the pixel driving circuit (PD) will be described below as an example of a display device according to this specification. 【0244】 Furthermore, the display driver 200 can supply a touch drive signal to the pixel drive circuit (PD), and can detect touches on the display panel 100 using the touch sensing signal received from the pixel drive circuit (PD). In this case, the touch coordinates can be determined by the display driver 200, or by the timing controller 300 or an external system 900. 【0245】 Firstly, the structure and function of the display panel 100 are described below. In the following, the same or similar content as that described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 will be omitted or explained briefly. 【0246】 The display panel 100 may include a light-emitting element section (EDU) which includes a pixel driving circuit (PD) and light-emitting elements (ED), and a touch electrode section (TEU) which includes at least two second electrodes (CE2). 【0247】 The light-emitting unit (EDU) can output light, which allows it to display an image. 【0248】 The touch electrode section (TEU) includes at least two touch electrodes (TEs). Each touch electrode (TE) includes at least one sub-touch electrode (STE) and can correspond to one touch coordinate. 【0249】 A touch electrode (TE) may include at least two second electrodes (CE2) connected to a pixel driver (PD). A second electrode (CE2) controlled by one pixel driver (PD) is designated as a sub-touch electrode (STE). 【0250】 Each of at least two second electrodes (CE2) can extend along a first direction (X) of the substrate 110, and at least two second electrodes (CE2) can be provided along a second direction (Y) different from the first direction (X). 【0251】 When a cathode voltage is supplied to at least one of the two second electrodes (CE2), light can be output from the light-emitting element (ED) connected to the second electrode (CE2) to which the cathode voltage is supplied. 【0252】 For example, the period during which an image is displayed on the display panel 100 is defined as the display period. During the display period, a light-emitting element (ED) that can supply a cathode voltage to the cathode electrode 135 via the second electrode (CE2) can output light using the cathode voltage supplied via the cathode electrode 135 and the anode voltage supplied to the anode electrode 134. 【0253】 When at least two second electrodes (CE2) are used as a single touch electrode (TE), a touch drive signal can be supplied to at least two second electrodes (CE2) simultaneously. 【0254】 For example, the period during which a touch is detected on the display panel 100 is defined as the touch sensing period, and during the touch sensing period, each of the pixel drive circuits (PDs) can simultaneously supply a touch drive signal received from the display driver 200 to the second electrode (CE2). In this case, the display driver 200 can detect a touch on the display panel 100 using the touch sensing signal received from the second electrode (CE2) via the pixel drive circuit (PD). 【0255】 Secondly, the structure and function of the pixel driver (PD) are as follows. The following explanation will omit or briefly describe content that is the same or similar to that described with reference to Figures 1 to 9. 【0256】 During the display period when an image is shown, an image signal corresponding to the light emission signal (EM) supplied to the gate of the light-emitting transistor (TEM) in the pixel drive circuit (PD) can be supplied to the pixel drive circuit (PD) via an image signal line (IL). The image signal can be generated by an image signal generation unit 230 included in the display driver 200. The image signal generation unit 230 can also function as a data driver. 【0257】 The image signal generated by the display driver 200 is transmitted to the pixel driver circuit (PD) via the image signal line (IL), and the pixel driver circuit (PD) can use the image signal to generate an anode voltage. This allows the light-emitting element (ED) to output light. 【0258】 To further explain, the display driver 200 can transmit an image signal to each of the image signal lines (ILs) during the display period. 【0259】 During the touch sensing period when a touch is detected, the touch sensing signal transmitted from the second electrode (CE2) can be output to the image signal line (IL). 【0260】 For example, during the touch sensing period, the pixel driver (PD) can supply the touch driving signal transmitted from the display driver 200 to the second electrode (CE2), and can transmit the touch sensing signal received from the second electrode (CE2) to the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL). Such functions can be performed simultaneously in each of the pixel driver (PD) circuits. 【0261】 To perform the functions described above, the pixel drive circuit (PD) may include a cathode electrode drive unit that supplies a cathode voltage or touch drive signal to the second electrode (CE2), a sub-pixel drive unit that generates an anode voltage, and a switching unit that connects the image signal line (IL) to the cathode electrode drive unit or sub-pixel drive unit. 【0262】 The cathode electrode drive unit can sequentially supply the cathode voltage transmitted from the cathode voltage supply unit 500 to the second electrode (CE2) during the display period, and can simultaneously supply the touch drive signal transmitted from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) to the second electrode (CE2) during the touch sensing period. 【0263】 For this reason, the cathode electrode drive unit may include a switch connected to the second electrode (CE2), and the connection structure of the switch can be modified in various ways. 【0264】 The sub-pixel drive unit can convert the image signal transmitted from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) into an emission signal (EM) during the display period, and can supply the emission signal (EM) to the gate of the light-emitting transistor (TEM). The anode voltage generated by the emission signal (EM) can be supplied to the first electrode. 【0265】 For this purpose, the sub-pixel drive unit may include at least one pixel circuit (PC). 【0266】 The switching unit may include a cathode voltage switch connected between the cathode voltage supply unit 500 that supplies cathode voltage and the cathode electrode drive unit, an image signal switch that connects the image signal line (IL) to or separates it from the sub-pixel drive unit, and a mode switch connected between the switch connection line connecting the cathode voltage switch and the cathode electrode drive unit 420 and the image signal line (IL). 【0267】 The cathode voltage switch can connect the cathode voltage supply unit 500 to the cathode electrode drive unit during the display period. This allows the cathode voltage to be supplied to the second electrode (CE2) during the display period. 【0268】 The cathode voltage switch can be turned off during the touch sensing period. This prevents the cathode voltage from being supplied from the cathode voltage supply unit 500 to the cathode electrode drive unit. 【0269】 The image signal switch can connect the image signal line (IL) to the sub-pixel drive unit during the display period. This allows the image signal transmitted from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) to be transmitted to the sub-pixel drive unit during the display period, and the sub-pixel drive unit can generate an emission signal (EM) using the image signal. 【0270】 The image signal switch allows the sub-pixel drive unit to be isolated from the image signal line (IL) during the touch sensing period. As a result, the touch drive signal supplied via the image signal line (IL) during the touch sensing period is not transmitted to the sub-pixel drive unit. 【0271】 The mode switch can be turned off during the display period. This allows the image signal line (IL) to be connected to the sub-pixel drive unit during the display period. Therefore, during the display period, the image signal transmitted from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) can be transmitted to the sub-pixel drive unit. 【0272】 The mode switch can be turned on during the touch sensing period. This allows the image signal line (IL) to be connected to the cathode electrode drive unit during the display period. Therefore, during the touch sensing period, the touch drive signal transmitted from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) can be transmitted to the cathode electrode drive unit, and the touch sensing signal transmitted from the cathode electrode drive unit can be transmitted back to the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL). 【0273】 Each of the cathode voltage switch, image signal switch, and mode switch can be turned on or off according to a control signal transmitted from the timing controller 300. 【0274】 However, the structure of the pixel driver circuit (PD) for generating an anode voltage using an image signal supplied from the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) during the display period and supplying it to the first electrode (CE1), and for transmitting a touch sensing signal received from the second electrode (CE2) to the display driver 200 via the image signal line (IL) during the touch sensing period, is not limited to the structure described above. Therefore, the pixel driver circuit (PD) can be changed to various structures that can perform the functions described above. 【0275】 Thirdly, the structure and function of the display driver 200 are as follows. In the following, the same or similar content as that described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 will be omitted or explained briefly. 【0276】 The display driver 200 can either supply an image signal to the image signal line (IL) or detect a touch on the display panel 100 using a touch sensing signal transmitted from the second electrode (CE2) via the image signal line (IL). 【0277】 For example, the display driver 200 can supply an image signal to the pixel driving circuit (PD) via an image signal line (IL) during the display period. During the touch sensing period, the display driver 200 can supply a touch driving signal to the pixel driving circuit (PD) via the image signal line (IL), and can detect a touch using the touch sensing signal transmitted from the pixel driving circuit (PD) via the image signal line (IL). 【0278】 That is, during the touch sensing period, the display driver 200 can detect a touch at the touch electrode (TE) corresponding to one coordinate using the touch sensing signal received from the touch electrode (TE). 【0279】 To perform the functions as described above, as shown in FIG. 10, the display driver 200 includes an image signal generation unit 230 that generates an image signal, a touch control unit 220 that generates a touch driving signal and determines the presence or absence of a touch on the display panel 100 using the touch sensing signal received from the pixel driving circuit (PD), and a signal switching unit 210 that connects the image signal line (IL) to the image generation unit or to the touch control unit 220. 【0280】 The image signal generation unit 230 can generate an image signal using the input image signal and control signal received from the timing controller 300. 【0281】 The signal switching unit 210 can connect the image signal line (IL) to the image signal generation unit 230 or to the touch control unit 220. 【0282】 However, when a touch sensing signal line is further provided in addition to the image signal line (IL), the signal switching unit 210 can connect the image signal line (IL) to the image signal generation unit 230 and can connect the touch sensing signal line to the touch control unit 220. 【0283】 The touch control unit 220 can detect a touch using the touch sensing signal received from the sub-touch electrode (STE) that forms one touch electrode (TE). That is, the touch control unit 220 can detect the touch on the touch electrode (TE) using the touch sensing signal received from the touch electrode (TE). 【0284】 As described above, the touch coordinates can be determined by the touch control unit 220, or can be determined by the timing controller 300 or the external system 900. 【0285】 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 10, the display device according to an embodiment of the present specification may include a user signal generation unit 600 that outputs a user signal. 【0286】 The user signal is a signal transmitted to the skin of the user wearing or holding the display device according to the present invention. The user signal can have a unique frequency. 【0287】 In this case, the touch control unit 220 of the display driver 200 can control the user signal generation unit 600. 【0288】 For example, the touch control unit 220 can control the user signal generation unit 600 so that the user signal is output at the timing when the touch drive signal is output to the second electrode (CE2). 【0289】 However, such a function can also be performed by the timing controller 300. In this case, the timing controller 300 can be included in the display driver 200. 【0290】 Also, after the control signal for controlling the user signal generation unit 600 is generated by the timing controller 300, it can be transmitted to the user signal generation unit 600 via the display driver 200. In this case, the timing controller 300 can be included in the display driver 200. 【0291】 In other words, the timing controller 300 is included in the display driver 200 and can control the user signal generation unit 600. 【0292】 Figure 11A is an illustrative diagram showing the structure of a subtouch electrode and a pixel driving circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, Figure 11B is an illustrative diagram showing the connection structure of the subtouch electrode and the pixel driving circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, and Figure 11C is an illustrative diagram showing the connection structure of the pixel driving circuit and the light-emitting element applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. 【0293】 In the following explanations, content that is the same as or similar to what is explained with reference to Figures 1 to 10 will be omitted or briefly explained. 【0294】 The pixel drive circuit (PD) may include a sub-pixel drive unit 410 for supplying an anode voltage to an anode electrode 134 provided on a sub-pixel (SP) and a cathode electrode drive unit 420 for supplying a cathode voltage or touch drive signal to a second electrode (CE2) shared by at least two sub-pixels (SP), and may include a switching unit for connecting the sub-pixel drive unit 410 or the cathode electrode drive unit 420 to an image signal line (IL). 【0295】 As explained above, the second electrode (CE2), controlled by a single pixel driver (PD), is designated as the subtouch electrode (STE). 【0296】 The subtouch electrode (STE) may include at least two second electrodes (CE2). 【0297】 As explained above, at least two light-emitting elements (EDs) can be connected to one pixel driver circuit (PD). Also, one second electrode (CE2) can be connected to at least two light-emitting elements (EDs). 【0298】 In the following description, for the sake of clarity, a display device including a pixel drive circuit (PD) in which 16 pixels (PX) arranged in a 4x4 configuration are linked will be described as an example of a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, as shown in Figure 11A. To further explain, in the display device shown in Figure 11A, pixels (PX) arranged in a 4x4 configuration are linked to the pixel drive circuit (PD), but in the display device according to one embodiment of this specification, pixels (PX) arranged in a (4N)×(4M) configuration (where N and M are natural numbers) can be linked to the pixel drive circuit (PD). For example, in Figure 11B, pixels (PX) arranged in a 16x16 configuration are linked to the pixel drive circuit (PD). 【0299】 The pixel driver circuit (PD) can be connected, for example, to four pixels (PX) along a first direction (X) and four pixels (PX) along a second direction (Y), as shown in Figure 11A. 【0300】 In this case, one second electrode (CE2) controlled by a pixel driving circuit (PD) can be connected to light-emitting elements (EDs) provided in at least two subpixels (SPs). 【0301】 In particular, the second electrode (CE2) can be connected to at least two light-emitting elements (ED) provided along the first direction (X) of the display panel 100, and at least two second electrodes (CE2) provided along the second direction (Y) can be separated. 【0302】 If four pixels (PX) are provided along a first direction (X), and one pixel (PX) contains three subpixels (SP), then twelve subpixels (SP) can be provided along the first direction (X). 【0303】 In this case, if the second electrode (CE2) provided along the first direction (X) is shared by two subpixels (SP), then six second electrodes (CE2) can be provided along the first direction (X). 【0304】 Therefore, one pixel driving circuit (PD) can be connected to 24 (= 6 × 4) second electrodes (CE2). 【0305】 However, for the sake of convenience of explanation hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 11A, a display device in which four pixels (PX) provided along the first direction (X) are connected to one second electrode (CE2) will be taken as an example to explain the display device according to an embodiment of the present specification. 【0306】 In this case, the pixel driving circuit (PD) can be connected to four second electrodes (CE2). 【0307】 That is, hereinafter, for the sake of convenience of explanation, as shown in FIG. 11A, a pixel driving circuit (PD) to which 16 pixels (PX) having a 4 × 4 form are connected and a second electrode (CE2) connected to four pixels (PX) provided along the first direction (X) will be used to explain the display device according to an embodiment of the present specification. 【0308】 First, the sub-pixel driving unit 410 will be described as follows. 【0309】 Hereinafter, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 11A, a circuit provided inside the sub-pixel driving unit 410 for driving at least one light-emitting element (ED) is defined as a pixel circuit (PC). For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the pixel circuit (PC) can include a driving transistor (TDR) and a light-emitting transistor (TEM). In this case, a scan signal (SC) capable of turning on the driving transistor (TDR) can be supplied to the gate of the driving transistor (TDR). The scan signal (SC) can be a DC power source capable of continuously turning on the driving transistor (TDR). For example, a reference voltage (Vref) fixed for each frame can be supplied to the gate of the driving transistor (TDR). 【0310】 A light-emitting signal (EM) can be supplied to the gate of the light-emitting transistor (TEM). The light-emitting signal (EM) may be a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal. The amount of current supplied to the light-emitting element (ED) can be controlled by the light-emitting signal (EM), thereby allowing the light-emitting element (ED) to output light of various brightness levels. The sub-pixel drive unit 410 may include at least one pixel circuit (PC). 【0311】 In this case, a high-potential power supply voltage (VDD) can be supplied to the first electrode of the drive transistor (TDR) provided in the pixel circuit (PC). The high-potential power supply voltage (VDD) can be supplied from a power supply unit provided outside the pixel drive circuit (PD). 【0312】 The scan signal (SC) and the light emission signal (EM) can be transmitted from a control signal generation unit located outside the pixel drive circuit (PD). For example, the scan signal (SC) and the light emission signal (EM) can be transmitted from a control signal generation unit included in the timing controller 300. In this case, the light emission signal (EM) can also be generated in the sub-pixel drive unit 410 using the image signal transmitted from the timing controller 300. 【0313】 For example, as shown in Figure 11A, when four pixels (PX) connected to a pixel drive circuit (PD) are arranged in one row extending along a first direction (X), 16 pixels (PX) can be arranged in four rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H). 【0314】 To elaborate further, each of the four rows can be present along the first direction (X), and the four rows can be separated along the second direction (Y). 【0315】 In this case, in order to output light from the light-emitting element (ED) provided in the first row (1H), a light emission signal (EM) and a scan signal can be supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to the light-emitting element (ED) provided in the first row (1H). 【0316】 As explained above, the scan signal (SC) can be a DC power supply that can continuously turn on the drive transistor (TDR), and the light emission signal (EM) can be a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. 【0317】 The scan signal (SC) can turn on the light-emitting transistor (TEM), thereby supplying a high potential power supply voltage (VDD) to the anode electrode 134 of the light-emitting element (ED) via the drive transistor (TDR), the light-emitting transistor (TEM), and the first electrode (CE1). 【0318】 In this case, as explained above, the light emission signal (EM) applied to the gate electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM) may be a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal, and the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to the pixel circuit (PC) connected to the anode electrode 134 of the light-emitting element (ED) provided in the first row (1H) can be set in various ways depending on the brightness of the light output by the light-emitting element (ED). 【0319】 For example, the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to a light-emitting element that emits high-brightness light may be greater than the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to a light-emitting element that emits low-brightness light. 【0320】 In this case, when a high-level pulse is supplied to the gate of the light-emitting transistor (TEM), the TEM can be turned on. 【0321】 Increasing the turn-on period of a light-emitting transistor (TEM) can increase the amount of current supplied to a light-emitting element (ED) through the TEM. The brightness of the light-emitting element (ED) can be changed by the magnitude of the current flowing through it. 【0322】 Therefore, the larger the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM), the greater the brightness of the light emitted from the light-emitting element (ED). 【0323】 Furthermore, when the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to a light-emitting element that emits high-brightness light is equal to the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to a light-emitting element that emits low-brightness light, the number of pulses in the light emission signal (EM) supplied to the pixel circuit (PC) connected to the light-emitting element that emits high-brightness light may be greater than the number of pulses in the light emission signal (EM) supplied to the pixel circuit (PC) connected to the light-emitting element that emits low-brightness light. For example, the frequency of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to a light-emitting element that emits high-brightness light may be greater than the frequency of the light emission signal (EM) supplied to a pixel circuit (PC) connected to a light-emitting element that emits low-brightness light. 【0324】 As the frequency increases, the number of pulses increases. An increase in the number of pulses supplied to the light-emitting transistor (TEM) increases the number of times the TEM turns on. An increase in the number of times the TEM turns on allows for an increase in the amount of current flowing through the TEM to the light-emitting element (ED). 【0325】 As explained above, the brightness of an ED (light-emitting element) can be changed by the magnitude of the current flowing through it. Therefore, the brightness of the light emitted from the ED can increase as the frequency of the light-emitting signal (EM) increases or as the number of pulses in the light-emitting signal (EM) increases. 【0326】 For example, the timing controller 300 or the sub-pixel drive unit 410 can supply light-emitting signals (EM) having different frequencies or different pulse widths to light-emitting transistors (TEM) provided in the pixel circuit (PC). 【0327】 This allows the light-emitting elements (EDs) connected to the pixel driver circuit (PD) to output light with different luminances. 【0328】 Next, the cathode electrode drive unit 420 will be described as follows. 【0329】 When a scan signal (SC) is supplied to the drive transistor (TDR), the cathode electrode drive unit 420 can supply a cathode voltage to the second electrode (CE2). 【0330】 For example, as shown in Figure 11A, a pixel drive circuit (PD) has 16 pixels (PX) arranged in a 4x4 configuration, and when one second electrode (CE2) is connected to 4 pixels (PX) arranged along a first direction (X), the 16 pixels (PX) can be arranged in 4 rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H), and the 4 rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H) can be separated along a second direction (Y). 【0331】 In this case, the four pixels (PX) in each of the four rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H) are connected to one second electrode (CE2). Therefore, the display panel 100 is equipped with four second electrodes (CE2) to drive the 16 pixels (PX). 【0332】 The four second electrodes (CE2) are connected to one pixel driver circuit (PD). The four second electrodes (CE2) connected to one pixel driver circuit (PD) are designated as subtouch electrodes (STE). That is, the subtouch electrodes (STE) include the four second electrodes (CE2). 【0333】 To further explain, at least one second electrode (CE2) connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD) is provided along a first direction (X) or row of the display panel 100, and at least two light-emitting elements (ED) connected to the second electrode (CE2) may be provided in a row along the first direction (X) or row. 【0334】 In the example above, each of the four pixels (PX) in the first row (1H) has three subpixels (SP). 【0335】 Therefore, when an anode voltage is supplied from the 12 pixel circuits (PC) connected to the 12 subpixels (SP) in the first row (1H) to the 12 anode electrodes 134 provided on the 12 subpixels (SP), the cathode electrode drive unit 420 can supply a cathode voltage to the second electrode (CE2) provided on the first row (1H). This allows light to be output from the subpixels (SP) in the first row (1H). 【0336】 This operation is provided for the first row (1H) and can also be performed simultaneously for sub-pixels (SP) connected to other pixel drive circuits (PDs). Therefore, light can be output simultaneously from all sub-pixels (SP) provided for the first row (1H) of the display panel 100. 【0337】 Furthermore, when an anode voltage is supplied from the 12 pixel circuits (PC) connected to the 12 subpixels (SP) in the second row (2H) to the 12 anode electrodes 134 provided on the 12 subpixels (SP), the cathode electrode drive unit 420 can supply a cathode voltage to the second electrode (CE2) provided on the second row (2H). This allows light to be output from the subpixels (SP) in the second row (2H). 【0338】 This operation is provided for the second row (2H) and can also be performed simultaneously for sub-pixels (SP) connected to other pixel drive circuits (PDs). Therefore, light can be output simultaneously from all sub-pixels (SP) provided for the second row (2H) of the display panel 100. 【0339】 Through the operation described above, light can be output sequentially from the subpixels (SP) provided in all rows of the display panel 100, thereby enabling a single image to be displayed through the display panel 100. 【0340】 The structure and driving method described above allow for the individual driving of subpixels (SPs). 【0341】 To perform the operations described above, the cathode electrode drive unit 420 may include control switches (SW) as shown in Figure 11A. Each of the control switches (SW) can connect the second electrode (CE2) to a switch connection line. 【0342】 The control switch (SW) can be connected in various configurations to sequentially supply cathode voltage to the second electrode (CE2) during the display period and to simultaneously supply touch drive signals to the second electrode (CE2) during the touch sensing period. 【0343】 Each control switch (SW) can be turned on or off by a control signal received from the timing controller 300. 【0344】 In the example above, one subtouch electrode (STE) includes four secondary electrodes (CE2), and the four secondary electrodes (CE2) can be connected to one pixel driver (PD). 【0345】 In this case, the cathode electrode drive unit 420 may include four control switches (SW). Each of the four control switches (SW) can be connected to the second electrode (CE2) and the switch connection line described with reference to Figure 10. The switch connection line refers to the line connected to the cathode voltage supply unit 500. 【0346】 During the display period when an image is displayed on the display panel 100, the control switch (SW) can connect its second electrode (CE2) to the switch connection line. 【0347】 For example, each of the pixel driver circuits (PDs) can supply a cathode voltage to at least one second electrode (CE2) provided along a first direction (X) or row of the display panel 100 during the display period. 【0348】 In the example above, one second electrode (CE2) is provided in each row. Therefore, the control switch (SW) can connect one second electrode (CE2) provided in each row to the switch connection line during the indicated period. In this case, the cathode voltage switch 431 can be turned on, and the switch connection line can be connected to the cathode voltage supply unit 500. Thus, the second electrode (CE2) can be connected to the cathode voltage supply unit 500 via the control switch (SW). 【0349】 However, if a row is provided with two or more second electrodes (CE2), the control switch (SW) can connect the two or more second electrodes (CE2) provided in a row to the cathode voltage supply unit 500. 【0350】 As explained above, when an anode voltage is supplied from the subpixel driving unit 410 to the anode electrode 134 of the light-emitting element (ED) via the first electrode (CE1), and a cathode voltage is supplied from the cathode electrode driving unit 420 to the cathode electrode 135 of the light-emitting element (ED) via the second electrode (CE2), the light-emitting element (ED) can output light. 【0351】 When cathode voltages are supplied sequentially to the four second electrodes (CE2) provided in the four rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H), light can be output sequentially from the four rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H). 【0352】 This type of operation can also be performed on sub-pixels (SPs) connected to other pixel driver circuits (PDs). 【0353】 This allows light to be output sequentially from the row of the display panel 100, and therefore, a single image can be displayed across the entire display panel 100. 【0354】 Furthermore, during the touch sensing period when a touch is sensed on the display panel 100, the control switch (SW) can be connected to the image signal line (IL) via the mode switch of the second electrode (CE2). In this case, the mode switch can be turned on by the timing controller 300. 【0355】 In other words, the display period for showing the image and the touch sensing period for detecting touches can be implemented using a time-division multiplexing method. 【0356】 For example, each pixel driver (PD) can supply a touch drive signal to all second electrodes (CE2) connected to the pixel driver (PD) during the touch sensing period. 【0357】 In the example above, one second electrode (CE2) is provided for each row, and four second electrodes (CE2) are provided for each of the four rows. Therefore, the control switch (SW) can connect all four second electrodes (CE2) to the image signal line (IL) during the touch sensing period. In this case, the touch drive signal output from the display driver 200 can be transmitted to the second electrodes (CE2) via the image signal line (IL), mode switch, and control switch (SW). In addition, the touch sensing signal generated from the second electrodes (CE2) can be transmitted to the display driver 200 via the control switch (SW), mode switch, and image signal line (IL). 【0358】 If a row is provided with two or more second electrodes (CE2), the control switch (SW) can connect the two or more second electrodes (CE2) provided in a row to an image signal line (IL). 【0359】 When touch drive signals are simultaneously supplied to the four second electrodes (CE2) provided in the four rows (1H, 2H, 3H, 4H), touch sensing signals can be generated in the four rows. 【0360】 The touch sensing signals generated by the four rows can be transmitted to the display driver 200 via the mode switch and image signal line (IL). Similar operation can also be performed with other pixel driver (PD) circuits. 【0361】 To elaborate further, each pixel driver circuit (PD) can supply a touch drive signal to at least one second electrode (CE2) during the touch sensing period, and can transmit the touch sensing signal received from at least one second electrode to the display driver 200. 【0362】 The display driver 200 can determine whether or not a touch is present at the touch electrode (TE) using a touch sensing signal transmitted from at least one pixel driver circuit (PD). 【0363】 In other words, the touch control unit 220 can determine whether or not a touch is present at the touch electrode (TE) using a touch sensing signal transmitted from at least one pixel driving circuit (PD). 【0364】 In this case, the switching unit may include, as described with reference to Figure 10, a cathode voltage switch connected between the cathode voltage supply unit 500 that supplies the cathode voltage and the cathode electrode drive unit 420, an image signal switch that connects the image signal line (IL) to or separates it from the sub-pixel drive unit 410, and a mode switch connected between the switch connection line connecting the cathode voltage switch and the cathode electrode drive unit 420 and the image signal line (IL). 【0365】 However, as shown in Figure 11A, the cathode electrode drive unit 420 can also be connected to the display driver 200 via a touch sensing line, and the subpixel drive unit 410 can also be connected to the display driver 200 via an image signal line (IL). 【0366】 To further explain, the sub-pixel drive unit 410 and the cathode electrode drive unit 420 can be connected to the display driver 200 via an image signal line (IL). In this case, a switching unit may be further provided to connect the sub-pixel drive unit 410 or the cathode electrode drive unit 420 to the display driver 200. 【0367】 Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11A, the cathode electrode drive unit 420 can be connected to the display driver 200 via a touch sensing line, and the subpixel drive unit 410 can also be connected to the display driver 200 via an image signal line (IL). In this case, the signal switching unit 210 of the display driver 200 can be omitted. 【0368】 Finally, as explained above, in the display device according to one embodiment of this specification, pixels (PX) arranged in a 4x4 configuration can be connected to a pixel drive circuit (PD), as shown in Figure 11A, and pixels (PX) arranged in a 16x16 configuration can be connected to a pixel drive circuit (PD), as shown in Figure 11B. In addition, pixels (PX) arranged in various configurations can be connected to a pixel drive circuit (PD). Below, the structure of the display panel 100 applied to the display device according to one embodiment of this specification will be described with reference to Figures 11B and 11C. In the following description, the same or similar content as described with reference to Figures 1 to 11A will be omitted or simplified. 【0369】 A display device according to one embodiment of this specification may include pixels (PX1 to PX16) including a pixel driving circuit (PD) and a light-emitting element (ED) electrically connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD). 【0370】 For example, as shown in Figure 11B, the first pixels (PX1) to the sixteenth pixels (PX16) can be arranged along the first direction (X). A single pixel (PX) can contain red subpixels, green subpixels, and blue subpixels (SP). 【0371】 A light-emitting element (ED) can be placed in a subpixel (SP). At least one light-emitting element (ED) can be placed in a single subpixel (SP). For example, two light-emitting elements can be placed in a single subpixel. One of the two light-emitting elements may be the main element and the other the redundant element. The light-emitting element (ED) may be a micro-LED. 【0372】 Red subpixels, green subpixels, and blue subpixels can be repeatedly arranged along the first direction (X). 【0373】 Subpixels (SPs) that emit light of the same color can be arranged along the second direction (Y). For example, subpixels (SPs) that emit light of one of the following colors—red, green, or blue—can be arranged along the second direction (Y). Subpixels (SPs) that emit the same hue can be electrically connected via a first electrode line (AND), as shown in Figure 11C. The first electrode line (AND) can be connected to the first electrode (CE1). 【0374】 The first electrode line (AND) may include a first line (AND_P) and a second line (AND_R). The first line (AND_P) and the second line (AND_R) may be spaced apart along a first direction (X). The first line (AND_P) may be connected to the main light-emitting element, and the second line (AND_P) may be connected to a redundant light-emitting element. 【0375】 Each of the second electrodes (CE2) can be extended in the first direction (X), as shown in Figure 11B. Furthermore, each of the second electrodes (CE2) can be spaced apart from one another along the second direction (Y). Therefore, each of the second electrodes (CE2) can be connected to the first pixels (PX1) to the sixteenth pixels (PX16) located in each row (1H to 16H). 【0376】 The pixel driver circuit (PD) can be connected to pixels (PX1 to PX16) via a first electrode (CE1) and a second electrode (CE2). This allows the pixel driver circuit (PD) to drive the light-emitting elements (EDs) arranged in rows 1H to 16H. 【0377】 To explain further, the pixel driver circuit (PD) is electrically connected to the light-emitting elements arranged in rows 1H to 16H via the first electrode (CE1) and the second electrode (CE2), and can control the light-emitting operation of the light-emitting elements (ED) by supplying control signals and power to the light-emitting elements (ED) via the first electrode (CE1) and the second electrode (CE2). 【0378】 In this case, the second electrode (CE2) can be connected to the pixel (PX) and the pixel driving circuit (PD) in the configuration shown in Figure 11B, the first electrode (CE1) provided on the pixel (PX) can be connected to the first electrode line (AND) in the configuration shown in Figure 11C, and the first electrode (CE1) can be connected to the pixel driving circuit (PD) via the first electrode line (AND). 【0379】 For example, as shown in Figure 11C, the light-emitting unit (EDU) can have first electrode lines (AND) placed on both the upper and lower sides of the pixel driving circuit (PD). 【0380】 One of the first electrode lines (AND) can connect the first electrodes (CE1) of light-emitting elements (EDs) that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, as shown in Figure 11C. 【0381】 In this case, a pixel circuit (PC) can be connected to each of the first electrode lines (AND). However, it is also possible to connect pixel circuits (PC) to at least two first electrode lines (AND). In this case, an anode voltage can be supplied sequentially to at least two first electrode lines (AND). 【0382】 The following briefly describes the basic driving method of the display device according to this specification during the display period in which an image is displayed. 【0383】 Figure 11D is an illustrative diagram showing a light-emitting signal applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, and Figure 11E is an illustrative diagram showing a pixel circuit applied to a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. 【0384】 As explained above, the pixel driver (PD) can control the light emission operation of the light-emitting element (ED) using the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM). 【0385】 The pixel driver circuit (PD) can adjust the pulse width of the light emission signal (EM), for example, as shown in Figure 11D, thereby enabling the output of light corresponding to 1 gray to 32 grays via the light-emitting element (ED). 【0386】 The pixel driver (PD) can supply a light-emitting signal (EM), whose pulse width is adjusted by grayscale, to the gate electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM). 【0387】 In this case, a fixed light-emitting current can be applied to the light-emitting element (ED) via a light-emitting transistor (TEM), thereby allowing the light-emitting element (ED) to emit light. 【0388】 For example, if eight light-emitting elements (EDs) are connected to one first electrode line (AND), the eight EDs can output light using a constant current with the same current value. 【0389】 In this case, in a typical organic light-emitting device, the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the driving transistor differs for each light-emitting element, resulting in different amounts of current flowing through the light-emitting elements, while the duration for which current flows through the light-emitting elements is the same. 【0390】 However, in the display device according to one embodiment of this specification, the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting elements (EDs) is the same, and the time for which the current flows differs for each light-emitting element. That is, the time for which the current flows through the light-emitting elements can be adjusted by the pulse width of the light-emitting signal (EM). 【0391】 For example, the pixel circuit (PC), as shown in Figures 4 and 11E, includes a drive transistor (TDR) and a light-emitting transistor (TEM), and is connected to a light-emitting element. The reference numerals 1H, 2H, and 8H in Figure 11E refer to the light-emitting elements (ED) provided in the first column (1H), second column (2H), and eighth column (8H) shown in Figure 11B. 【0392】 A high potential voltage (AVDD) is applied to the first electrode of the drive transistor (TDR), a light-emitting transistor (TEM) is connected to the second electrode of the drive transistor (TDR), and a reference voltage (VREF) or initialization voltage (VINT) can be applied to the gate electrode of the drive transistor (TDR). The reference voltage (VREF) or initialization voltage (VINT) can be a scan signal (SC). 【0393】 For example, a reference voltage (VREF) can be applied to the gate electrode of a drive transistor (TDR) via a switching means, or an initialization voltage (VINT) can be applied via a voltage buffer (VB) and a switching means. 【0394】 A drive transistor (TDR) is connected to the first electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM), a light-emitting element is connected to the second electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM), and a light-emitting signal (EM) can be applied to the gate electrode of the light-emitting transistor (TEM). 【0395】 The operation method of a display device according to one embodiment of this specification will be described below with reference to Figures 12 to 17. 【0396】 Figure 12 is an illustrative diagram showing a touch sensing method in a display device according to one embodiment of this specification, Figure 13 is an illustrative diagram showing the display period and touch sensing period applied to the display device according to one embodiment of this specification, and Figure 14 is a diagram showing an electronic device to which the display device according to one embodiment of this specification is applied. Figure 16 is an illustrative diagram showing the touch drive signal and user signal shown in Figure 13, and Figure 17 is an illustrative diagram showing a method for distinguishing users in the electronic device shown in Figure 14. 【0397】 First, referring to Figure 12, in the display device according to the embodiment of this specification, the second electrode (CE2) can be used as a touch electrode (TE), and such a structure is called an in-cell touch structure. Since the display device according to one embodiment of this specification does not have a separate touch electrode, the thickness of the display panel can be reduced. 【0398】 For example, when the cover member 120 is touched by a user, the first capacitance (C1) between the second electrode (CE2) on the display panel 100 and the cover member 120, and the second capacitance (C2) between the second electrode (CE2) and the signal wiring can be changed, as shown in Figure 12. 【0399】 The touch sensing signals generated by changes in the first capacitance (C1) and the second capacitance (C2) can be transmitted to the pixel driver circuit (PD) via the second electrode (CE2). In this case, the pixel driver circuit (PD) can be connected to the ground (GND). 【0400】 The touch sensing signal transmitted to the pixel driver circuit (PD) can be transmitted to the display driver 200, which can then use the touch sensing signal transmitted from at least one pixel driver circuit (PD) to detect a touch on the touch electrode (TE). 【0401】 Next, referring to Figure 13, a 1-frame period can mean the period during which one image is displayed through the display panel 100. A 1-frame period can include a display period (DP) and a touch sensing period (TP), as shown in Figure 13. Within a 1-frame period, the touch sensing period (TP) and the display period (DP) can be different. For example, the touch sensing period (TP) may be shorter than the display period (DP). In Figure 13, Vsync is the drawing code for the vertical synchronization signal. That is, the vertical synchronization signal (Vsync) can be used to distinguish between 1-frame periods, and to distinguish between the display period (DP) and the touch sensing period (TP). 【0402】 During the touch sensing period (TP), a touch drive signal (TDS) can be supplied to the second electrode (CE2) as shown in Figure 13. The touch drive signal (TDS) may be a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. 【0403】 The touch sensing signal generated by the touch drive signal (TDS) can be transmitted from the second electrode (CE2) to the touch control unit 220, which can analyze the touch sensing signal to detect a touch at the touch electrode (TE). 【0404】 During the touch sensing period (TP), the user signal generation unit 600 can output a user signal (US) as shown in Figure 13. The user signal (US) can be output through the case of an electronic device including a display device according to one embodiment of this specification. 【0405】 Next, referring to Figure 14, the user signal (US) can be transmitted to the user's skin via the case 700 covering the user signal generation unit 600, to the user's fingers via the user's skin, and to the touch electrode unit (TEU) of the display panel 100 via the user's fingers. 【0406】 In the following description, the first user (USER1) may be a user who is wearing or possessing an electronic device 1100 that emits a user signal (US), and the second user (USER2) may be a user who is not wearing or possessing an electronic device 1100 that emits a user signal (US). 【0407】 Here, the electronic device 1100 includes a display device according to one embodiment of this specification and may be a wearable device. The wearable device may be a smartwatch, for example, as shown in Figure 14. 【0408】 In this case, the electronic device 1100 may include a display panel 100 with a touch electrode section (TEU) and an light-emitting section (EDU), a cover member 120, a support substrate 190, a flexible circuit board 170, and a printed circuit board 160, as shown in Figure 15, and the case 700 can protect and support the above-described configuration. 【0409】 For example, the user signal generation unit 600 can be provided on the printed circuit board 160, and the user signal (US) output from the user signal generation unit 600 can be transmitted to the user's skin via the case 700. The user signal (US) can also be transmitted to the user's fingers via the user's skin, and then to the touch electrode section (TEU) of the display panel 100 via the user's fingers. 【0410】 Next, referring to Figure 16, the frequency of the user signal (US) can be K (where K is a natural number) times the frequency of the touch drive signal (TDS). 【0411】 For example, as shown in Figure 16, the touch drive signal (TDS) can be a square wave or a sine wave, and the touch drive signal (TDS) has a constant frequency. 【0412】 In this case, the user signal (US) can also be a square wave or a sine wave. 【0413】 In particular, as shown in Figures 16(a) and (b), the frequency of the user signal (US) can be the same as the frequency of the touch drive signal (TDS), in which case K can be 1. 【0414】 However, the frequency of the user signal (US) may be higher than the frequency of the touch drive signal (TDS). For example, as shown in Figures 16(a) and (c), the frequency of the user signal (US) may be three times the frequency of the touch drive signal (TDS). In this case, K may be 3. 【0415】 Finally, referring to Figure 17, the magnitude of the first touch sensing signal (TSS1) generated by the first user (USER1) to whom the user signal (US) is transmitted, and the magnitude of the second touch sensing signal (TSS2) generated by the second user (USER2) to whom the user signal (US) is not transmitted, can be different from each other. For example, Figure 17(a) shows the touch drive signal (TDS) and the second touch sensing signal (TSS2) from the second user (USER2), and Figure 17(b) shows the touch drive signal (TDS) and the first touch sensing signal (TSS1) from the first user (USER1). 【0416】 In particular, the magnitude of the first touch sensing signal (TSS1) may be greater than the magnitude of the second touch sensing signal (TSS2). 【0417】 As explained above, the first user (USER1) may be a user wearing the electronic device 1100 that emits a user signal (US), and the second user (USER2) may be a user not wearing the electronic device 1100 that emits a user signal (US). 【0418】 For example, when a first user (USER1) touches the display panel 100, a user signal (US) output from the user signal generation unit 600 and transmitted through the first user's (USER1) skin can be transmitted to the display panel 100. This allows the first touch sensor signal (TSS1) generated by the touch drive signal (TDS) to include the user signal (US). In this case, the touch sensing signal generated by the touch drive signal (TDS) can be further amplified by the user signal (US). 【0419】 To further explain, the user signal (US) may be a signal that can amplify the touch sensing signal generated by the touch drive signal (TDS). For this purpose, the frequency of the user signal (US) may be K times the frequency of the touch drive signal (TDS), where K can be any one of the natural numbers and rational numbers such as prime numbers. 【0420】 However, if a second user (USER2) touches the display panel 100, the user signal (US) cannot be transmitted to the display panel 100 because it cannot be transmitted through the skin of the second user (USER2). 【0421】 In this case, the second touch sensing signal (TSS2) generated by the touch driving signal (TDS) does not include the user signal (US), and therefore the second touch sensing signal (TSS2) generated by the touch driving signal (TDS) is not amplified. 【0422】 The touch control unit 220 can determine whether or not the touch sensing signal has been amplified by the user signal (US). 【0423】 For example, information regarding the magnitude of touch sensing signals affected by user signals (US) and information regarding the magnitude of touch sensing signals not affected by user signals (US) (hereinafter simply referred to as signal magnitude information) can be stored in the touch control unit 220 or a separate storage unit. 【0424】 The touch control unit 220 can compare the received touch sensing signal with signal magnitude information to determine whether the touch sensing signal was affected by the user signal (US), for example, whether the touch sensing signal was amplified by the user signal (US). 【0425】 However, the above-mentioned judgment can also be made by the timing controller 300 or an external system 900 that receives information regarding the magnitude of the touch sensing signal from the touch control unit 220. 【0426】 The decision result from the touch control unit 220 or the timing controller 300 can be transmitted to the external system 900. 【0427】 If the system determines that a first touch sensing signal (TSS1) has been received, the external system 900 can perform touch-responsive functions. For example, the external system 900 can display information corresponding to the menu selected by the first user through the display panel 100. 【0428】 However, if the system determines that a second touch sensing signal (TSS2) has been received, the external system 900 may not perform any functions corresponding to touch. 【0429】 For example, the reception of a second touch sensing signal (TSS2) may mean that a second user, who is not wearing or possessing the electronic device 1100, has touched the display panel 100, regardless of the first user's intentions. 【0430】 Therefore, external systems may not respond to touch, thereby improving the security features of electronic devices. 【0431】 To further explain, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device 1100 can perform a function that corresponds to a touch by the first user only when a first touch sensing signal (TSS1) from the first user is received, and can not respond to a touch by a second user instead of the first user. 【0432】 This prevents accidents in which the first user's information is leaked from the electronic device 1100 regardless of the first user's intentions, and therefore improves the security function of the electronic device. 【0433】 Furthermore, since the touch sensing signal can be amplified by the user signal (US), touch sensitivity can be improved. 【0434】 The display devices according to the embodiments of this specification can be included in various electronic devices. For example, various electronic devices 1100 may be wearable devices 1100 as described above. 【0435】 In this case, the wearable device 1100 may be a smartwatch worn on the user's wrist. However, the wearable device 1100 may be various types of devices that can come into direct or indirect contact with the user's skin other than the wrist. 【0436】 Furthermore, the electronic device 1100 may be a device that can be carried and used by the user. For example, the electronic device 1100 may be a mobile device, video phone, foldable apparatus, rollable apparatus, bendable apparatus, flexible apparatus, curved apparatus, sliding apparatus, variable apparatus, electronic organizer, e-book, PMP (portable multimedia player), PDA (personal digital assistant), MP3 player, mobile medical device, navigation system, camera, video camera, etc. 【0437】 However, the display device according to one embodiment of this specification may be any one of the electronic devices 1100 described above. That is, the display device according to one embodiment of this specification may further include an external system 900. 【0438】 The features of the display device according to one embodiment of this specification can be briefly summarized as follows: 【0439】 A display device according to one embodiment of this specification includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area, a pixel driving circuit provided in the display area, a first electrode connected to the pixel driving circuit, a light-emitting element provided on the first electrode, a second electrode provided on the light-emitting element, a user signal generation unit that outputs a user signal, and a display driver that controls the user signal generation unit, supplies a touch driving signal to the pixel driving circuit, and detects a touch using a touch sensing signal received from the pixel driving circuit. 【0440】 At least two second electrodes connected to the pixel driving circuit are used as a single touch electrode. 【0441】 Each of the at least two second electrodes extends along a first direction of the substrate, and the at least two second electrodes are provided along a second direction different from the first direction. 【0442】 When a cathode voltage is supplied to any one of the at least two second electrodes, light is output from the light-emitting element connected to the second electrode to which the cathode voltage is supplied. 【0443】 When the at least two second electrodes are used as a single touch electrode, the touch drive signal is supplied to the at least two second electrodes simultaneously. 【0444】 The pixel driving circuit supplies a cathode voltage to the second electrode during the display period and supplies a touch driving signal to the second electrode during the touch sensing period. 【0445】 The pixel driving circuit includes a sub-pixel driving unit that supplies an anode voltage to the first electrode, and a cathode electrode driving unit that supplies a cathode voltage or touch driving signal to a second electrode shared by at least two sub-pixels. 【0446】 The frequency of the user signal is K (where K is a natural number) times the frequency of the touch drive signal. 【0447】 The user signal is transmitted to the user's skin via a case that covers the user signal generation unit. 【0448】 The magnitude of the first touch sensing signal generated by the first user to whom the user signal is transmitted and the magnitude of the second touch sensing signal generated by the second user to whom the user signal is not transmitted are different from each other. 【0449】 The magnitude of the first touch sensing signal is greater than the magnitude of the second touch sensing signal. 【0450】 The display driver includes a touch control unit that detects touches on the display panel using touch sensing signals transmitted from the pixel driving circuit and controls the user signal generation unit, and an image signal generation unit that generates image signals to be transmitted to the pixel driving circuit. 【0451】 The features, structures, effects, etc., described in the various examples of this specification described above are included in, and not necessarily limited to, at least one example of this specification. Furthermore, the features, structures, effects, etc., exemplified in at least one example of this specification can be combined or modified and implemented in other examples by a person with ordinary skill in the art to which the technical idea of ​​this specification belongs. Accordingly, the content related to such combinations and modifications should be construed as being included in the technical scope or scope of rights of this specification. 【0452】 This specification, as described above, is not limited by the examples and accompanying figures described above, and it will be apparent to those with ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs that various substitutions, modifications, and alterations are possible without departing from the technical matters of this specification. Accordingly, the scope of this specification is indicated by the claims set forth below, and all modified or altered forms derived from the meaning, scope, and equivalent concepts of the claims should be construed as being included within the scope of this specification. [Explanation of Symbols] 【0453】 100: Display Panel 200: Display driver 300: Timing Controller 600: User signal generation section 900: External systems

Claims

[Claim 1] A substrate including a display area and a non-display area, A pixel driving circuit provided in the aforementioned display area, The first electrode connected to the aforementioned pixel driving circuit, A light-emitting element disposed on the first electrode, A second electrode disposed on the light-emitting element, A user signal generation unit that outputs a user signal, and A display device including a display driver that controls the user signal generation unit and detects touches using touch sensing signals received from the display area. [Claim 2] The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display driver supplies a touch drive signal to the pixel drive circuit and detects a touch using a touch sensing signal received from the pixel drive circuit. [Claim 3] The display device according to claim 2, wherein at least two second electrodes connected to the pixel driving circuit are used as one touch electrode. [Claim 4] Each of the at least two second electrodes extends along the first direction of the substrate, The display device according to claim 3, wherein the at least two second electrodes are provided along a second direction different from the first direction. [Claim 5] The display device according to claim 4, wherein when a cathode voltage is supplied to any one of the at least two second electrodes, light is output from a light-emitting element connected to the second electrode to which the cathode voltage is supplied. [Claim 6] The display device according to claim 4, wherein when the at least two second electrodes are used as a single touch electrode, the touch drive signal is supplied simultaneously to the at least two second electrodes. [Claim 7] The display device according to claim 2, wherein the pixel driving circuit supplies a cathode voltage to the second electrode during the display period and supplies the touch driving signal to the second electrode during the touch sensing period. [Claim 8] The aforementioned pixel driving circuit A sub-pixel driving unit that supplies an anode voltage to the first electrode, and The display device according to claim 2, comprising a cathode electrode drive unit that supplies a cathode voltage or touch drive signal to a second electrode shared by at least two subpixels. [Claim 9] The display device according to claim 2, wherein the frequency of the user signal is K (where K is a natural number) times the frequency of the touch drive signal. [Claim 10] The display device according to claim 2, wherein the user signal is transmitted to the user's skin via a case covering the user signal generation unit. [Claim 11] The display device according to claim 2, wherein the magnitude of the first touch sensing signal generated by the first user to whom the user signal is transmitted and the magnitude of the second touch sensing signal generated by the second user to whom the user signal is not transmitted are different from each other. [Claim 12] The display device according to claim 11, wherein the magnitude of the first touch sensing signal is greater than the magnitude of the second touch sensing signal. [Claim 13] The aforementioned display driver A touch control unit that detects touches on the display panel using touch sensing signals transmitted from the pixel driving circuit and controls the user signal generation unit, and The display device according to claim 2, further comprising an image signal generation unit that generates an image signal to be transmitted to the pixel driving circuit. [Claim 14] The display device according to claim 2, wherein the user signal is a signal for amplifying the touch sensing signal generated by the touch drive signal.

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