A liquid mixture of triglycerides and liquid nicotine.

Abstract

At least one exemplary embodiment relates to an oral product. [Solution] The oral product contains a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture contains triglycerides and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglycerides. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free base nicotine. The weight ratio of triglycerides to liquid nicotine in the liquid mixture is in the range of 1:1 to 9:1. This relates to a method for increasing the absorption of nicotine from the cheek in an oral product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a liquid mixture containing triglyceride and liquid nicotine, and an oral nicotine product containing this liquid mixture.

Background Art

[0002] Oral nicotine products are available in various forms such as chewing gum, spray, troche, soluble tablets, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, pouch (e.g., encapsulating fibers or granules), etc. The oral products can have a nicotine concentration that provides a familiar experience for adult tobacco consumers.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] At least one exemplary embodiment relates to an oral product.

[0004] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product has a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture includes triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free-base nicotine. The weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine in the liquid mixture ranges from 1:1 to 9:1.

[0005] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the triglyceride includes medium-chain triglyceride.

[0006] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the weight ratio ranges from 3:1 to 5:1.

[0007] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the weight ratio is 4:1.

[0008] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least 80% by weight of the liquid nicotine is free-base nicotine.

[0009] In at least one exemplary embodiment, all of the liquid nicotine is free base nicotine.

[0010] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture does not contain water.

[0011] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture essentially consists of triglycerides and liquid nicotine.

[0012] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product further comprises a cellulose-based material. The liquid mixture is absorbed by the cellulose-based material.

[0013] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cellulosic material includes microcrystalline cellulose.

[0014] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product further comprises a chewing gum base. The oral product is chewing gum.

[0015] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product further comprises a cellulose-based material. A liquid mixture is absorbed into the cellulose-based material. The cellulose-based material is embedded in a chewing gum base.

[0016] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product does not contain a pH adjuster.

[0017] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the weight percentage of water in the oral product is 8 or less.

[0018] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the amount of triglycerides is 1% by weight or more of the oral product.

[0019] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the amount of triglycerides is 5% by weight or more of the oral product.

[0020] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the amount of liquid nicotine in the oral product ranges from 0.1 mg to 14 mg.

[0021] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture further comprises triacetin, triolein, trilinolein, vegetable oil, partially hydrogenated oil, or any combination thereof.

[0022] At least one exemplary embodiment relates to an oral product.

[0023] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product comprises a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture comprises medium-chain triglycerides and liquid free-base nicotine dissolved in the medium-chain triglycerides. The weight ratio of the medium-chain triglycerides to the liquid free-base nicotine in the liquid mixture ranges from 3:2 to 4:1. The liquid mixture does not contain water. The oral product does not contain a pH adjuster.

[0024] At least one exemplary embodiment relates to a method of increasing the buccal absorption of nicotine in an oral product.

[0025] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises dissolving liquid nicotine in a triglyceride to prepare a liquid mixture. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free-base nicotine. The weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine ranges from 1:1 to 9:1. The method further comprises incorporating the liquid mixture into an oral product. The liquid nicotine remains dissolved in the triglyceride during and after the incorporation step.

[0026] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises absorbing the liquid mixture into a cellulosic material prior to the incorporation step.

[0027] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step comprises adding the cellulosic material together with the liquid mixture to a gum base.

[0028] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporating step comprises a pouching step of enveloping a cellulosic material so as to form an oral pouch product.

[0029] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporating step comprises a step of mixing a liquid mixture with a carrier liquid so as to form an oral spray product.

[0030] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporating step comprises a step of combining a liquid mixture with soluble fibers and sugar alcohols so as to form a lozenge oral product.

[0031] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporating step comprises a step of combining a liquid mixture with a polymer soluble in the mouth so as to form a soluble oral product.

[0032] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporating step comprises a step of combining a liquid mixture with a polymer stable in the mouth so as to form a chewable oral product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The various features and advantages of the non-limiting embodiments herein will become more apparent upon consideration of the detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the claims. The accompanying drawings are not considered to be drawn to scale unless explicitly noted. For clarity, various dimensions of the drawings may be exaggerated.

[0034] [Figure 1] A flowchart showing a method for forming a nicotine-containing powder according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0035] [Figure 2] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for forming a nicotine-containing powder according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0036] [Figure 3] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for forming a nicotine-containing powder according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0037] [Figure 4] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for forming a nicotine-containing powder according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0038] [Figure 5] This is a cross-sectional view of encapsulated nicotine granules according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0039] [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view of encapsulated nicotine granules according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0040] [Figure 7] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for forming encapsulated nicotine granules according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0041] [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view of an encapsulated sweetener according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0042] [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view of encapsulated sweetener granules according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0043] [Figure 10] This is a flowchart illustrating a method for forming encapsulated sweetener granules according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0044] [Figure 11]The chemical structures of different forms of nicotine are shown: the chemical structure of free base nicotine (A), the chemical structure of monoprotonated nicotine (B), and the chemical structure of diprotonated nicotine (C).

[0045] [Figure 12] These graphs ((A)-(B)) show the nicotine dynamics in the cheek for different nicotine solutions.

[0046] [Figure 13A] This table shows the nicotine distribution coefficient data for different oil and water phases. Figure 13A is a table showing the nicotine distribution coefficient data for different oil and water phase combinations. [Figure 13B] This is a diagram showing the chemical structure of triacetin (C2). [Figure 13C] This is a diagram showing the chemical structure of MCT(C8-C10). [Figure 13D] This is a diagram showing the chemical structure of triolein (C18).

[0047] [Figure 14] This is a perspective view of a pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0048] [Figure 15] This is a perspective view of a soluble film according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0049] [Figure 16A] This is a perspective view of an oral product having a circular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0050] [Figure 16B] This is a perspective view of an oral product having an oval cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0051] [Figure 16C] This is a perspective view of an oral product having a rectangular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0052] [Figure 16D] This is a perspective view of an oral product having an elongated rectangular cross-section, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0053] [Figure 16E] This is a perspective view of an oral product having a lens-shaped or football-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0054] [Figure 16F] This is a perspective view of an oral product having a boomerang-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0055] [Figure 16G] This is a perspective view of an oral product having a shield-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0056] [Figure 17] This is a perspective view of an oral product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0057] [Figure 18] This is a perspective view of chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0058] [Figure 19A] This is a perspective view of chewing gum having an oval cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0059] [Figure 19B] This is a perspective view of chewing gum having a rectangular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0060] [Figure 19C] This is a perspective view of chewing gum having an elongated rectangular cross-section, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0061] [Figure 19D] This is a perspective view of chewing gum having a lens-shaped or football-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0062] [Figure 19E] This is a perspective view of chewing gum having a boomerang-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0063] [Figure 19F] This is a perspective view of chewing gum having a shield-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0064] [Figure 20] This is a perspective view of chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0065] [Figure 21] This is a cross-sectional view of a coated chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0066] [Figure 22] This is a perspective view of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0067] [Figure 23] This is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II shown in Figure 22 of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0068] [Figure 24] This is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in Figure 22 of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0069] [Figure 25] This is a side view of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0070] [Figure 26] Figure 25 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of an oral pouch product, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0071] [Figure 27] This is a cross-sectional view of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0072] Exemplary embodiments are disclosed herein in several details. However, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for the purpose of illustrating the exemplary embodiments. Exemplary embodiments may be carried out in many alternative forms and should not be construed as being limited only to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0073] Therefore, while exemplary embodiments are subject to various improvements and substitutions, they are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that exemplary embodiments are not intended to limit themselves to any particular form disclosed, but rather encompass all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions that fall within the scope of the exemplary embodiments. Similar numbers refer to similar elements throughout the description of the figures.

[0074] When an element or layer is referred to as “on,” “connected to,” “coupled to,” or “covering” another element or layer, it should be understood that it may be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or covering the other element or layer, or there may be an intervening element or layer. Conversely, when an element is referred to as “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to,” there is no intervening element or layer. Throughout this specification, similar numbers refer to similar elements. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related enumerated items.

[0075] In this specification, terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various elements, regions, layers, and / or parts, but it should be understood that these elements, regions, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one element, region, layer, or part from another. Accordingly, a first element, configuration, region, layer, or part described below may be referred to as a second element, region, layer, or part without departing from the teaching of the exemplary embodiments.

[0076] Spatially relative terms (e.g., “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” “inside,” “upside,” etc.) are used herein to facilitate explanation and to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another, as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device during use or operation, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device is upside down in the figures, an element described as “below” or “beneath” another element or feature will be located on the “above” side of that other element or feature. Therefore, the term “below” may encompass both up and down orientations. The device may also be in other orientations (a 90-degree rotation or other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein shall be interpreted accordingly.

[0077] The terms used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments. Where used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and / or “comprising” identify the presence of a described feature, integer, step, operation, and / or element, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0078] In this specification, exemplary embodiments are described with reference to schematic cross-sectional views of exemplary embodiments. Therefore, deformations from the illustrated shapes are to be expected. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as being limited to the shapes of the regions illustrated in this disclosure, and deviations and deformations of shapes are to be included. Where the terms “about” or “substantially” are used in relation to numerical values, unless the context indicates otherwise, the relevant numerical values ​​are intended to have a tolerance of ±10% from the stated numerical values.

[0079] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art in the field to which the exemplary embodiments belong. Furthermore, terms including those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and it will be understood that they should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0080] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure provides a method for enhancing the flavor and / or sensory effects of nicotine in an oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises the step of spray-drying nicotine. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises the step of encapsulating nicotine. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises the step of encapsulating a sweetener that may be contained in an oral product comprising a nicotine-containing material.

[0081] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is an oral tobacco product, an oral non-tobacco product, an oral cannabis product, or any combination thereof. The oral product may be in the form of loose material (e.g., loose cellulose material), molded material (e.g., plug or twist), pouched material, tablets, lozenges, chews, gum, films, other oral products, or any combination thereof.

[0082] Oral products may include chewing tobacco, snus, wet snuff, dry snuff, other smokeless tobacco, non-tobacco products for oral ingestion, or any combination thereof.

[0083] If an oral product is an oral tobacco product that includes a smokeless tobacco product, the smokeless tobacco product may include whole, shredded, cut, granulated, reconstituted, cured, aged, fermented, pasteurized, or other processed tobacco. Tobacco may be supplied as whole or as parts such as leaves, flowers, roots, stems, extracts (e.g., nicotine), or any combination thereof.

[0084] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product comprises a tobacco extract, such as a nicotine extract derived from tobacco, and / or synthetic nicotine. The oral product may contain nicotine alone or in combination with a carrier, such as a cellulosic material (e.g., white snus). The carrier may be a non-tobacco material (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose) or a tobacco material (e.g., tobacco fiber with reduced or removed nicotine content, which may be referred to as “exhausted tobacco plant tissue or fiber”). In some exemplary embodiments, the exhausted tobacco plant tissue or fiber may be treated to remove at least 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95% of the nicotine. For example, to remove nicotine, the tobacco plant tissue may be washed with water or other solvents.

[0085] In other exemplary embodiments, the oral product may contain cannabis, such as plant cannabis tissue and / or cannabis extracts. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cannabis material includes leaf and / or flower material from one or more plant cannabis species and / or extracts from one or more plant cannabis species. One or more plant cannabis species may include Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and / or Cannabis ruderalis. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cannabis may be in the form of fibers. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cannabis may contain cannabinoids, terpenes, and / or flavonoids. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cannabis material may be cannabis-derived cannabis material, such as cannabis-derived cannabinoids, cannabis-derived terpenes, and / or cannabis-derived flavonoids.

[0086] Oral products (e.g., oral tobacco products, oral non-tobacco products, or oral cannabis products) may contain a range of moisture. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is a dry oral product having a moisture content in the range of 5% to 10% by weight. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product has a moderate moisture content, such as in the range of 20% to 35% by weight. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is a moist oral product having a moisture content in the range of 40% to 55% by weight.

[0087] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may further include one or more elements such as orally stable polymers, orally soluble polymers, sweeteners (e.g., synthetic and / or natural sweeteners), stimulants, sedatives, concentrates, plasticizers, orally soluble fibers, alkaloids, minerals, vitamins, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, colorants, amino acids, chemesthetic agents, antioxidants, food emulsifiers, pH adjusters, plants, teeth bleaching agents, therapeutic agents, processing aids, stearates, waxes, stabilizers, disintegrants, lubricants, preservatives, fillers, flavoring agents, flavor masking agents, bitter taste receptor blockers, receptor enhancers, and other additives, or any combination thereof. <Spray-dried nicotine powder>

[0088] In at least one exemplary embodiment, a nicotine-containing powder suitable for inclusion in oral products can be prepared using a spray-drying technique. Such a nicotine-containing powder may contain a plurality of substantially homogeneous nicotine particles.

[0089] In at least some exemplary embodiments, substantially uniform nicotine particles have an average particle size (90% distribution) ranging from about 5 μm to about 200 μm. For example, multiple substantially uniform nicotine particles may have an average particle size of about 5 μm or more (e.g., about 10 μm or more, about 20 μm or more, about 30 μm or more, about 40 μm or more, about 50 μm or more, about 60 μm or more, about 70 μm or more, about 80 μm or more, about 90 μm or more, about 100 μm or more, about 110 μm or more, about 120 μm or more, about 130 μm or more, about 140 μm or more, about 150 μm or more, about 160 μm or more, about 170 μm or more, about 180 μm or more, or about 190 μm or more). Multiple substantially uniform nicotine particles may have an average particle size of approximately 200 μm or less (for example, approximately 190 μm or less, approximately 180 μm or less, approximately 170 μm or less, approximately 160 μm or less, approximately 150 μm or less, approximately 140 μm or less, approximately 130 μm or less, approximately 120 μm or less, approximately 110 μm or less, approximately 100 μm or less, approximately 90 μm or less, approximately 80 μm or less, approximately 70 μm or less, approximately 60 μm or less, approximately 50 μm or less, approximately 40 μm or less, approximately 30 μm or less, approximately 20 μm or less, or approximately 10 μm or less).

[0090] In at least some exemplary embodiments, substantially homogeneous nicotine particles have a water content of 10% or less. For example, substantially homogeneous nicotine particles have a water content of 10% or less, 9% or less, 8% or less, 7% or less, 5% or less, 4% or less, 3% or less, 2% or less, or 1% or less.

[0091] In at least some exemplary embodiments, the nicotine content of substantially uniform nicotine particles is 30% by weight or less. For example, the nicotine content of substantially uniform nicotine particles may range from about 10% by weight to about 30% by weight. The nicotine content of substantially uniform nicotine particles may be about 10% by weight or more (e.g., about 11% by weight or more, about 12% by weight or more, about 13% by weight or more, about 14% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 16% by weight or more, about 17% by weight or more, about 18% by weight or more, about 19% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 21% by weight or more, about 22% by weight or more, about 23% by weight or more, about 24% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 26% by weight or more, about 27% by weight or more, about 28% by weight or more, or about 29% by weight or more). The nicotine content of substantially uniform nicotine particles may be approximately 30% by weight or less (for example, approximately 29% by weight or less, approximately 28% by weight or less, approximately 27% by weight or less, approximately 26% by weight or less, approximately 25% by weight or less, approximately 24% by weight or less, approximately 23% by weight or less, approximately 22% by weight or less, approximately 21% by weight or less, approximately 20% by weight or less, approximately 19% by weight or less, approximately 18% by weight or less, approximately 17% by weight or less, approximately 16% by weight or less, approximately 15% by weight or less, approximately 14% by weight or less, approximately 13% by weight or less, approximately 12% by weight or less, or approximately 11% by weight or less).

[0092] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method 400 for forming a nicotine-containing powder 432 for inclusion in oral products such as gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). Method 400 includes step S410 of providing a first solution 408 (i.e., a carrier solution). The first solution 408 may have a viscosity suitable for subsequent processing.

[0093] The first solution 408 may comprise a carrier 402 and a solvent 404. In at least some exemplary embodiments, the providing step S410 comprises contacting the carrier 402 and the solvent 404 to form the first solution 408 (i.e., the carrier solution). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the contacting step comprises dissolving the carrier 402 in the solvent 404 to form the first solution 408 (i.e., the carrier solution). In each example, the solvent 404 may comprise water, ethanol, or both water and ethanol. The carrier 402 may comprise a biopolymer, a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, a bulk sweetener, a pyrrolidone polymer, a methacrylate copolymer, or any combination thereof.

[0094] Biopolymers may, for example, include polysaccharides, bulk sweeteners, or both polysaccharides and bulk sweeteners. In some exemplary embodiments, polysaccharides may include, for example, starch, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxymethylpropylcellulose (HPMC), highly methylated pectin, low methylated pectin, amidated pectin, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), dextrin, maltodextrin, isomalt, xanthan gum, agar, carrageenan, guar gum, alginic acid, isomalt, or any combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, bulk sweeteners may include, for example, sucrose, dextrose, fructose, lactose, raffinose, trehalose, maltose, maltodextrin, isomalt, sugar alcohols, or any combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, the biopolymer includes, for example, starch, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxymethylpropylcellulose (HPMC), highly methylated pectin, low methylated pectin, amidated pectin, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), dextrin, xanthan gum, agar, carrageenan, guar gum, alginic acid, sucrose, dextrose, fructose, lactose, raffinose, trehalose, maltose, maltodextrin, isomalt, or any combination thereof.

[0095] In at least some exemplary embodiments, natural and synthetic polymers include, for example, pectin, starch, gum arabic, or any combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, bulk sweeteners include, for example, sugar alcohols, which may include sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, hydrogenated isomaltulose, hydrolyzed hydrogenated starch, or any combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, pyrrolidone polymers include, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and vinyl acetate, or any combination thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, methacrylate copolymers include, for example, copolymers of methacrylate and acrylic acid.

[0096] In at least some exemplary embodiments, the first solution 408 contains a carrier 402 in an amount ranging from about 3% by weight to about 45% by weight. For example, the first solution 408 may contain about 3% by weight or more of carrier 402 (e.g., about 4% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, about 40% by weight or more, about 41% by weight or more, about 42% by weight or more, about 43% by weight or more, or about 44% by weight or more). The first solution 408 may contain about 45% by weight or less of carrier 402 (e.g., about 44% by weight or less, about 43% by weight or less, about 42% by weight or less, about 41% by weight or less, about 40% by weight or less, about 35% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 25% by weight or less, about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less). It may contain less than or equal to % by weight, less than or equal to about 5% by weight, or less than or equal to about 4% by weight. The amount of carrier 402 and the amount of solvent 404 in the first solution 408 can be adjusted so that the first solution 408 has a viscosity suitable for subsequent processing. For example, in at least some exemplary embodiments, such as when the carrier 402 contains pectin, the first solution 508 may contain about 5% by weight of carrier 402. In other exemplary embodiments, such as when the carrier 403 contains maltodextrin, the first solution 508 may contain about 30% by weight of carrier 402.

[0097] In at least some exemplary embodiments, the first solution 408 contains solvent 404 in an amount ranging from about 55% to about 97% by weight. For example, the first solution 408 may contain about 55% by weight or more of solvent 404 (e.g., about 56% by weight or more, about 57% by weight or more, about 58% by weight or more, about 59% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 65% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 75% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, about 85% by weight or more, about 90% by weight or more, about 95% by weight or more, or about 96% by weight or more). The first solution 408 may contain solvent 404 in an amount of about 97% by weight or less (for example, about 96% by weight or less, about 95% by weight or less, about 90% by weight or less, about 85% by weight or less, about 80% by weight or less, about 75% by weight or less, about 70% by weight or less, about 65% by weight or less, about 60% by weight or less, about 59% by weight or less, about 58% by weight or less, about 57% by weight or less, or about 56% by weight or less).

[0098] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 400 includes step S420 of contacting a first solution 408 with a nicotine-containing formulation 422 to form a second mixture 428 (i.e., a feed solution). In some exemplary embodiments, the nicotine-containing formulation 422 comprises nicotine, a nicotine complex (e.g., nicotine polarilex), a nicotine salt, or any combination thereof. The nicotine salt may include nitrates, monotartrates, ditartrates, ditartrate dihydrates, salicylates, sulfates or disulfates, phosphates or superphosphates, acetates, lactates, succinates, maleates, fumarates, glucons, saccharates, benzoates, methanesulfons, hydrochlorides, hydrobroms, hydroiodides, or any combination thereof.

[0099] In at least some exemplary embodiments, the second mixture 428 comprises the first solution 408 in an amount ranging from about 85% by weight to about 99% by weight. For example, the second mixture 428 may contain about 85% by weight or more of the first solution 408 (e.g., about 86% by weight or more, about 87% by weight or more, about 88% by weight or more, about 89% by weight or more, about 90% by weight or more, about 91% by weight or more, about 92% by weight or more, about 93% by weight or more, about 94% by weight or more, about 95% by weight or more, about 96% by weight or more, about 97% by weight or more, or about 98% by weight or more). The second mixture 428 may contain the first solution 408 in an amount of about 99% by weight or less (for example, about 98% by weight or less, about 97% by weight or less, about 96% by weight or less, about 95% by weight or less, about 94% by weight or less, about 93% by weight or less, about 92% by weight or less, about 91% by weight or less, about 90% by weight or less, about 89% by weight or less, about 88% by weight or less, about 87% by weight or less, or about 86% by weight or less).

[0100] In at least some exemplary embodiments, such that the nicotine-containing formulation 422 contains pure nicotine, the second mixture 428 contains an amount of nicotine-containing formulation 422 ranging from about 1% by weight to about 10% by weight. For example, the second mixture 428 may contain a nicotine-containing formulation 422 of about 1% by weight or more (e.g., about 2% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, about 4% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 6% by weight or more, about 7% by weight or more, about 8% by weight or more, or about 9% by weight or more). The second mixture 428 may contain a nicotine-containing formulation 422 of about 10% by weight or less (e.g., about 9% by weight or less, about 8% by weight or less, about 7% by weight or less, about 6% by weight or less, about 5% by weight or less, about 4% by weight or less, about 3% by weight or less, or about 2% by weight or less).

[0101] The second mixture 428 may have a viscosity that allows it to be easily injected or pumped in a subsequent spray-drying step. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the second mixture 428 may have a viscosity ranging from about 1 centipoise to about 700 centipoise at about 22°C. For example, the second mixture 428 may have a clay content of about 1 centimeter poise or more at about 22°C (e.g., about 10 centimeter poise or more, about 20 centimeter poise or more, about 30 centimeter poise or more, about 40 centimeter poise or more, about 50 centimeter poise or more, about 100 centimeter poise or more, about 150 centimeter poise or more, about 200 centimeter poise or more, about 250 centimeter poise or more, about 300 centimeter poise or more, about 350 centimeter poise or more, about 400 centimeter poise or more, about 450 centimeter poise or more, about 500 centimeter poise or more, about 550 centimeter poise or more, about 600 centimeter poise or more, or about 650 centimeter poise or more). The second mixture 428 may have a clay content of about 700 centimeters or less at about 22°C (for example, about 690 centimeters or less, about 680 centimeters or less, about 670 centimeters or less, about 660 centimeters or less, about 650 centimeters or less, about 600 centimeters or less, about 550 centimeters or less, about 500 centimeters or less, about 450 centimeters or less, about 400 centimeters or less, about 350 centimeters or less, about 300 centimeters or less, about 250 centimeters or less, about 200 centimeters or less, about 150 centimeters or less, about 100 centimeters or less, about 50 centimeters or less, about 40 centimeters or less, about 30 centimeters or less, about 20 centimeters or less, about 10 centimeters or less). Such viscosity is considered desirable not only to allow the slurry to flow under applied pressure, but also to provide suitable rheological properties that enable the mixture 428 to remain stable.

[0102] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 400 includes step S430 of spray-drying a second mixture 428 to form a plurality of particles that define a nicotine-containing powder 432 (i.e., dry powder). The plurality of particles that define the nicotine-containing powder 432 may have an average particle size (90% distribution) ranging from about 5 μm to about 200 μm. For example, the multiple particles that define the nicotine-containing powder 432 may have an average particle size of approximately 5 μm or more (e.g., approximately 10 μm or more, approximately 20 μm or more, approximately 30 μm or more, approximately 40 μm or more, approximately 50 μm or more, approximately 60 μm or more, approximately 70 μm or more, approximately 80 μm or more, approximately 90 μm or more, approximately 100 μm or more, approximately 110 μm or more, approximately 120 μm or more, approximately 130 μm or more, approximately 140 μm or more, approximately 150 μm or more, approximately 160 μm or more, approximately 170 μm or more, approximately 180 μm or more, approximately 190 μm or more). The multiple particles comprising the nicotine-containing powder 432 may have an average particle size of approximately 200 μm or less (for example, approximately 190 μm or less, approximately 180 μm or less, approximately 170 μm or less, approximately 160 μm or less, approximately 150 μm or less, approximately 140 μm or less, approximately 130 μm or less, approximately 120 μm or less, approximately 110 μm or less, approximately 100 μm or less, approximately 90 μm or less, approximately 80 μm or less, approximately 70 μm or less, approximately 60 μm or less, approximately 50 μm or less, approximately 40 μm or less, approximately 30 μm or less, approximately 20 μm or less, or approximately 10 μm or less).

[0103] The moisture content of the multiple particles that define the nicotine-containing powder 432 may be approximately 10% or less. For example, the moisture content of the nicotine-containing powder 432 may be approximately 10% or less, approximately 9% or less, approximately 8% or less, approximately 7% or less, approximately 5% or less, approximately 4% or less, approximately 3% or less, approximately 2% or less, or approximately 1% or less.

[0104] In at least some exemplary embodiments, the nicotine content of the nicotine-containing powder 432 is about 30% by weight or less. For example, the nicotine content of the nicotine-containing powder 432 may range from about 10% by weight to about 30% by weight. The nicotine content of the nicotine-containing powder 432 may be about 10% by weight or more (for example, about 11% by weight or more, about 12% by weight or more, about 13% by weight or more, about 14% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 16% by weight or more, about 17% by weight or more, about 18% by weight or more, about 19% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 21% by weight or more, about 22% by weight or more, about 23% by weight or more, about 24% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 26% by weight or more, about 27% by weight or more, about 28% by weight or more, or about 29% by weight or more). The nicotine content of nicotine-containing powder 432 may be approximately 30% by weight or less (for example, approximately 29% by weight or less, approximately 28% by weight or less, approximately 27% by weight or less, approximately 26% by weight or less, approximately 25% by weight or less, approximately 24% by weight or less, approximately 23% by weight or less, approximately 22% by weight or less, approximately 21% by weight or less, approximately 20% by weight or less, approximately 19% by weight or less, approximately 18% by weight or less, approximately 17% by weight or less, approximately 16% by weight or less, approximately 15% by weight or less, approximately 14% by weight or less, approximately 13% by weight or less, approximately 12% by weight or less, or approximately 11% by weight or less).

[0105] Various spray drying techniques and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may be employed. Spray drying parameters may be used to bring the dried final product (e.g., nicotine-containing powder 432) to precise quality standards and physical properties. These standards and properties include particle size distribution, residual moisture content, bulk density, and particle morphology.

[0106] In some exemplary embodiments, the nozzle air pressure in the spray-drying step S430 is in the range of about 30 psi to about 40 psi. For example, the nozzle air pressure may be about 30 psi or more (e.g., about 31 psi or more, about 32 psi or more, about 33 psi or more, about 34 psi or more, about 35 psi or more, about 36 psi or more, about 37 psi or more, about 38 psi or more, or about 39 psi or more). The nozzle air pressure may be about 40 psi or less (e.g., about 39 psi or less, about 38 psi or less, about 37 psi or less, about 36 psi or less, about 35 psi or less, about 34 psi or less, about 33 psi or less, about 32 psi or less, or about 31 psi or less).

[0107] In some exemplary embodiments, the solution pump rotation speed per minute in the spray-drying step S430 is in the range of about 15 rpm to about 35 rpm. For example, the solution pump rotation speed may be about 15 rpm or more (e.g., about 16 rpm or more, about 17 rpm or more, about 18 rpm or more, about 19 rpm or more, about 20 rpm or more, about 21 rpm or more, about 22 rpm or more, about 23 rpm or more, about 24 rpm or more, about 25 rpm or more, about 26 rpm or more, about 27 rpm or more, about 28 rpm or more, about 29 rpm or more, about 30 rpm or more, about 31 rpm or more, about 32 rpm or more, about 33 rpm or more, or about 34 rpm or more). The solution pump rotation speed may be approximately 35 rpm or less (for example, approximately 35 rpm or less, approximately 34 rpm or less, approximately 33 rpm or less, approximately 32 rpm or less, approximately 31 rpm or less, approximately 30 rpm or less, approximately 29 rpm or less, approximately 28 rpm or less, approximately 27 rpm or less, approximately 26 rpm or less, approximately 25 rpm or less, approximately 24 rpm or less, approximately 23 rpm or less, approximately 22 rpm or less, approximately 21 rpm or less, approximately 20 rpm or less, approximately 19 rpm or less, approximately 18 rpm or less, approximately 17 rpm or less, or approximately 16 rpm or less).

[0108] In some exemplary embodiments, the amount of solution sprayed in step S430 is in the range of about 9 g / min to about 15 g / min. For example, the solution spray may be about 9 g / min or more (e.g., about 10 g / min or more, about 11 g / min or more, about 12 g / min or more, about 13 g / min or more, or about 14 g / min or more). The solution spray may be about 15 g / min or less (e.g., about 14 g / min or less, about 13 g / min or less, about 12 g / min or less, about 11 g / min or less, or about 10 g / min or less).

[0109] In some exemplary embodiments, the spraying time in step S430, which involves spray drying, ranges from about 40 minutes to about 200 minutes. For example, the spraying time may be approximately 40 minutes or longer (for example, approximately 45 minutes or longer, approximately 50 minutes or longer, approximately 55 minutes or longer, approximately 60 minutes or longer, approximately 65 minutes or longer, approximately 70 minutes or longer, approximately 75 minutes or longer, approximately 80 minutes or longer, approximately 85 minutes or longer, approximately 90 minutes or longer, approximately 95 minutes or longer, approximately 100 minutes or longer, approximately 105 minutes or longer, approximately 110 minutes or longer, approximately 115 minutes or longer, approximately 120 minutes or longer, approximately 125 minutes or longer, approximately 130 minutes or longer, approximately 135 minutes or longer, approximately 140 minutes or longer, approximately 145 minutes or longer, approximately 150 minutes or longer, approximately 155 minutes or longer, approximately 160 minutes or longer, approximately 165 minutes or longer, approximately 170 minutes or longer, approximately 175 minutes or longer, approximately 180 minutes or longer, approximately 185 minutes or longer, approximately 190 minutes or longer, or approximately 195 minutes or longer). The spraying time may be approximately 200 minutes or less (for example, approximately 195 minutes or less, approximately 190 minutes or less, approximately 185 minutes or less, approximately 180 minutes or less, approximately 175 minutes or less, approximately 170 minutes or less, approximately 165 minutes or less, approximately 160 minutes or less, approximately 155 minutes or less, approximately 150 minutes or less, approximately 145 minutes or less, approximately 140 minutes or less, approximately 135 minutes or less, approximately 130 minutes or less, approximately 125 minutes or less, approximately 120 minutes or less, approximately 115 minutes or less, approximately 110 minutes or less, approximately 105 minutes or less, approximately 100 minutes or less, approximately 95 minutes or less, approximately 90 minutes or less, approximately 85 minutes or less, approximately 80 minutes or less, approximately 75 minutes or less, approximately 70 minutes or less, approximately 65 minutes or less, approximately 60 minutes or less, approximately 55 minutes or less, approximately 50 minutes or less, or approximately 45 minutes or less).

[0110] In some exemplary embodiments, such as when the solvent 404 contains water, the inlet temperature of the spray-drying step S430 is in the range of about 120°C to about 210°C. For example, the inlet temperature may be about 120°C or higher (e.g., about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, about 175°C or higher, about 180°C or higher, about 185°C or higher, about 190°C or higher, about 195°C or higher, about 200°C or higher, or about 205°C or higher). The inlet temperature may be approximately 210°C or lower (for example, approximately 205°C or lower, approximately 200°C or lower, approximately 195°C or lower, approximately 190°C or lower, approximately 185°C or lower, approximately 180°C or lower, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, or approximately 130°C or lower).

[0111] In some exemplary embodiments, such as when solvent 404 contains ethanol, the inlet temperature of the spray-drying step S430 is in the range of about 65°C to about 180°C. For example, the inlet temperature may be about 65°C or higher (e.g., about 70°C or higher, about 75°C or higher, about 80°C or higher, about 85°C or higher, about 90°C or higher, about 95°C or higher, about 100°C or higher, about 105°C or higher, about 110°C or higher, about 115°C or higher, about 120°C or higher, about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, or about 175°C or higher). The inlet temperature may be approximately 180°C or lower (for example, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, approximately 130°C or lower, approximately 125°C or lower, approximately 120°C or lower, approximately 115°C or lower, approximately 110°C or lower, approximately 105°C or lower, approximately 100°C or lower, approximately 95°C or lower, approximately 90°C or lower, approximately 85°C or lower, approximately 80°C or lower, approximately 75°C or lower, or approximately 70°C or lower).

[0112] In some exemplary embodiments, such as when the solvent 404 contains water, the initial product temperature in the spray-drying step S430 is in the range of about 25°C to about 100°C. For example, the initial product temperature may be about 25°C or higher (e.g., about 30°C or higher, about 35°C or higher, about 40°C or higher, about 45°C or higher, about 50°C or higher, about 65°C or higher, about 75°C or higher, about 80°C or higher, about 85°C or higher, about 90°C or higher, or about 95°C or higher). The initial product temperature may be about 100°C or lower (e.g., about 95°C or lower, about 90°C or lower, about 85°C or lower, about 80°C or lower, about 75°C or lower, about 70°C or lower, about 65°C or lower, about 60°C or lower, about 55°C or lower, about 50°C or lower, about 45°C or lower, about 40°C or lower, about 35°C or lower, or about 30°C or lower).

[0113] In some exemplary embodiments, such as when solvent 404 contains ethanol, the initial product temperature in the spray-drying step S430 is in the range of about 25°C to about 79°C. For example, the initial product temperature may be about 25°C or higher (e.g., about 30°C or higher, about 35°C or higher, about 40°C or higher, about 45°C or higher, about 50°C or higher, about 55°C or higher, about 60°C or higher, about 65°C or higher, or about 75°C or higher). The initial product temperature may be about 79°C or lower (e.g., about 78°C or lower, about 77°C or lower, about 76°C or lower, about 75°C or lower, about 70°C or lower, about 65°C or lower, about 60°C or lower, about 55°C or lower, about 50°C or lower, about 45°C or lower, about 40°C or lower, about 35°C or lower, or about 30°C or lower).

[0114] After the spray-drying step S430, the nicotine-containing powder 432 may optionally be pressed into tablets, granules, pellets, cylinders, or other shapes to produce solids that are controllable release and suitable for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules).

[0115] Figure 2 is a flowchart showing a method 500 for forming a nicotine-containing powder 542 for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). Method 500 is similar to method 400, except that method 500 has a step S530 in which a second mixture (i.e., feed solution) 528 is heated to a first temperature before a spray-drying step S540.

[0116] For example, Method 500 includes the steps of: contacting a carrier 502 with a solvent 504 to form a first solution 508 (i.e., a carrier solution) in Step S510; contacting the first solution 508 with a nicotine-containing formulation 522 to form a second mixture 528 (i.e., a feed solution) in Step S520; heating the second mixture 528 in Step S530; and spray-drying the heated second mixture 538 to form a plurality of particles that define a nicotine-containing powder 542 (i.e., a dry powder) in Step S540. Although not shown, method 500 may, after the spray-drying step S540, include the step of pressing the nicotine-containing powder 542 into tablets, granules, pellets, cylinders, or other shapes to produce a solid that is sustainably released and suitable for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules).

[0117] In at least some exemplary embodiments, method 500 may include step S530 of heating a second mixture to a first temperature.

[0118] In at least one exemplary embodiment, such that the solvent 504 contains water, the first temperature may be in the range of about 120°C to about 210°C. For example, the first temperature may be about 120°C or higher (e.g., about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, about 175°C or higher, about 180°C or higher, about 185°C or higher, about 190°C or higher, about 195°C or higher, about 200°C or higher, or about 205°C or higher). The first temperature may be approximately 210°C or lower (for example, approximately 205°C or lower, approximately 200°C or lower, approximately 195°C or lower, approximately 190°C or lower, approximately 185°C or lower, approximately 180°C or lower, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, or approximately 130°C or lower).

[0119] In some embodiments, such as when solvent 504 contains ethanol, the first temperature may be in the range of about 65°C to about 180°C. For example, the first temperature may be about 65°C or higher (e.g., about 70°C or higher, about 75°C or higher, about 80°C or higher, about 85°C or higher, about 90°C or higher, about 95°C or higher, about 100°C or higher, about 105°C or higher, about 110°C or higher, about 115°C or higher, about 120°C or higher, about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, or about 175°C or higher). The first temperature may be approximately 180°C or lower (for example, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, approximately 130°C or lower, approximately 125°C or lower, approximately 120°C or lower, approximately 115°C or lower, approximately 110°C or lower, approximately 105°C or lower, approximately 100°C or lower, approximately 95°C or lower, approximately 90°C or lower, approximately 85°C or lower, approximately 80°C or lower, approximately 75°C or lower, or approximately 70°C or lower).

[0120] Figure 3 is a flow chart showing a method for forming a nicotine-containing powder 642 for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). Method 500 is similar to Method 400 and / or Method 500, except that Method 600 has a step S630 of homogenizing a second mixture 628 so that a third mixture 638 (i.e., feed solution) having a substantially uniform distribution. In some exemplary embodiments, the step S630 of homogenizing the second mixture 628 may be carried out using a paddle agitator, a high-pressure agitator, a high-shear agitator, an ultrasonic homogenizer, or any combination thereof.

[0121] For example, method 600 includes the steps of: S610 contacting a carrier 602 with a solvent 604 to form a first solution 508 (i.e., a carrier solution); S620 contacting the first solution 608 with a nicotine-containing formulation 622 to form a second mixture 628; S630 homogenizing the second mixture 628 to form a third mixture 638 (i.e., a feed solution); and S640 spray-drying the third mixture 638 to form a plurality of particles that define a nicotine-containing powder 642 (i.e., a dry powder). Following the spray-drying step S640, although not shown, method 600 may include the step of pressing the nicotine-containing powder 642 into tablets, granules, pellets, cylinders, or other shapes to produce a solid that is sustainably released and suitable for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules).

[0122] Although the homogenization step S630 is illustrated as being performed after the contact step S620, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the contact step S620 and the homogenization step S630 may be performed simultaneously. Similarly, in a particular embodiment, method 600 may include the steps of heating a second mixture 628 and / or a third mixture 638, as exemplified in method 500, and / or adding an additive, as exemplified in method 700.

[0123] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing a method 700 for forming a nicotine-containing powder 742 for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). Method 700 is similar to Method 400 and / or Method 500 and / or Method 600, except that Method 700 has the step of adding one or more additives 732 to a feed solution 738.

[0124] For example, Method 700 includes the steps of: S710 bringing a carrier 702 into contact with a solvent 704 to form a first solution 708 (i.e., a carrier solution); S720 bringing the first solution 708 into contact with a nicotine-containing formulation 722 to form a second mixture 728; S730 adding one or more additives 732 to the second mixture 728 to form a third mixture 738 (i.e., a feed solution); and S740 spray-drying the third mixture 738 to form a plurality of particles that define a nicotine-containing powder 742 (i.e., a dry powder). Following the spray-drying step S740, although not shown, method 700 may include the step of pressing the nicotine-containing powder 742 into tablets, granules, pellets, cylinders, or other shapes to produce a solid that is sustainably released and suitable for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules).

[0125] In some exemplary embodiments, one or more additives include a pH adjuster, an antioxidant, or a combination of a pH adjuster and an antioxidant. The pH adjuster may include sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate / potassium bicarbonate, citric acid, or any combination thereof. The antioxidant may include ascorbyl palmitate, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, monosterol citrate, tocopherol, propyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), vitamin E, and any combination thereof or derivatives thereof. The presence of antioxidants may help limit the formation of nicotine-N-oxides.

[0126] In at least some exemplary embodiments, the third mixture 738 may contain additive 732 in an amount ranging from about 0.1% by weight to about 10% by weight. For example, the third mixture 738 may contain about 0.1% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.5% by weight or more, about 1% by weight or more, about 1.5% by weight or more, about 2% by weight or more, about 2.5% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, about 3.5% by weight or more, about 4% by weight or more, about 4.5% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 5.5% by weight or more, about 6% by weight or more, about 6.5% by weight or more, about 7% by weight or more, about 7.5% by weight or more, about 8% by weight or more, about 8.5% by weight or more, about 9% by weight or more, or about 9.5% by weight or more). The third mixture 728 may be present in an amount of about 10% by weight or less (for example, about 9.5% by weight or less, about 9% by weight or less, about 8.5% by weight or less, about 8% by weight or less, about 7.5% by weight or less, about 7% by weight or less, about 6.5% by weight or less, about 6% by weight or less, about 5.5% by weight or less, about 5% by weight or less, about 4.5% by weight or less, about 4% by weight or less, about 3.5% by weight or less, about 3% by weight or less, about 2.5% by weight or less, about 2% by weight or less, about 1% by weight or less, or about 0.5% by weight or less).

[0127] Although step S730, which involves adding additive 731, is illustrated as the next step after contact step S720, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the contact step S720 and the step of adding the additive S730 may be performed simultaneously. Similarly, in a particular embodiment, method 700 may include a step of heating the second mixture 728 and / or the third mixture 738, as exemplified in method 500, and / or a step of homogenizing the second mixture 728 and / or the third mixture 738, as exemplified in method 600.

[0128] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an exemplary feed solution for use in the spray-drying step, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, may be prepared to contain pectin (a natural binder for nicotine) and nicotine oil in water. The exemplary feed solution may contain about 6 wt% pectin (i.e., carrier) and 1.5 wt% nicotine oil in water as the solvent. The feed solution may be spray-dried using a VSD-200 spray dryer having, for example, a spray rate in the range of about 9 g / min to about 15 g / min and a spray time of about 150 minutes. The feed solution may have an initial product temperature in the range of about 86°C to about 90°C. The inlet temperature of the spray dryer may be in the range of about 170°C to about 200°C. The exemplary feed solution may be spray-dried according to these enumerated parameters to produce a nicotine-containing powder having the properties listed in Table 1. [Table 1] Table 1. Examples of nicotine-containing powders prepared by the spray-drying step.

[0129] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an exemplary feed solution for use in a spray-drying step as shown in Figures 2 to 4 may be prepared to contain pectin (a natural binder for nicotine) and nicotine oil in water. The exemplary feed solution may contain about 6 wt% pectin (i.e., carrier) and 1.5 wt% nicotine oil in water as the solvent. The feed solution may be spray-dried using a VSD-200 spray dryer having, for example, a spray rate in the range of about 9 g / min to about 10 g / min and a spray time of about 200 minutes. The feed solution may have an initial product temperature in the range of about 96°C to about 98°C. The inlet temperature of the spray dryer may be about 200°C. The exemplary feed solution may be spray-dried according to these enumerated parameters to produce a nicotine-containing powder having the properties listed in Table 2. [Table 2] Table 2. Examples of nicotine-containing powders prepared by the spray-drying step.

[0130] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an exemplary feed solution for use in a spray-drying step as illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 may be prepared to contain a mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin and nicotine oil in water. The exemplary feed solution may contain, in water as a solvent, about 30% by weight of a mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin (i.e., the carrier) and 3.3% by weight of nicotine oil. The ratio of gum arabic to maltodextrin may be about 2:3 by weight. The feed solution may be spray-dried using, for example, a VSD-200 spray dryer with a spray rate in the range of about 10 g / min to about 12 g / min and a spray time of about 100 minutes. The feed solution may have an initial product temperature in the range of about 92°C to about 96°C. The inlet temperature of the spray dryer may be in the range of about 170°C to about 180°C. The exemplary feed solution may be spray-dried according to these enumerated parameters to produce a nicotine-containing powder having the properties described in Table 3. [Table 3] Table 3. Examples of nicotine-containing powders prepared by the spray-drying step.

[0131] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an exemplary feed solution for use in a spray-drying step as illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 may be prepared to contain a mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin and nicotine oil in water. The exemplary feed solution may contain, in water as a solvent, about 30% by weight of a mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin (i.e., carrier) and 7.5% by weight of nicotine oil. The ratio of gum arabic to maltodextrin may be about 2:3 by weight. The feed solution may be spray-dried using, for example, a VSD-200 spray dryer with a spray rate in the range of about 9 g / min to about 12 g / min and a spray time of about 47.7 minutes. The feed solution may have an initial product temperature in the range of about 95°C to about 102°C. The inlet temperature of the spray dryer may be about 190°C. The exemplary feed solution may be spray-dried according to these enumerated parameters to produce a nicotine-containing powder having the properties listed in Table 4. [Table 4] Table 4. Examples of nicotine-containing powders prepared by the spray-drying step. <Encapsulated Nicotine Granules>

[0132] In at least one exemplary embodiment, encapsulated nicotine granules (ENG) suitable for inclusion in oral products are provided.

[0133] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an example of encapsulated nicotine granules 800 for inclusion in oral products such as gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulated nicotine granules 800 include encapsulated nicotine-containing material 810 surrounded by a matrix 824. Although the nicotine-containing material 810 dispersed within the matrix 824 is shown, those skilled in the art will recognize that in various other embodiments, the matrix 824 can take on various other shapes or configurations. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the matrix 824 may have nicotine material 810 uniformly dispersed throughout the encapsulated nicotine granules 800.

[0134] Encapsulated nicotine granules 800 may have an average particle size (D50) in the range of approximately 100 μm to approximately 5 mm. For example, encapsulated nicotine granules 800 may have an average particle size of approximately 100 μm or more (e.g., approximately 200 μm or more, approximately 300 μm or more, approximately 400 μm or more, approximately 500 μm or more, approximately 600 μm or more, approximately 700 μm or more, approximately 800 μm or more, approximately 900 μm or more, approximately 1 mm or more, approximately 1.5 mm or more, approximately 2.0 mm or more, approximately 2.5 mm or more, approximately 3.0 mm or more, approximately 3.5 mm or more, approximately 4.0 mm or more, approximately 4.5 mm or more, or approximately 5.0 mm or more). The encapsulated nicotine granules 800 may have an average particle size of approximately 5 mm or less (for example, 4.5 mm or less, approximately 4.0 mm or less, approximately 3.5 mm or less, approximately 3.0 mm or less, approximately 2.5 mm or less, approximately 2.0 mm or less, approximately 1.5 mm or less, approximately 1 mm or less, approximately 900 μm or less, approximately 800 μm or less, approximately 700 μm or less, approximately 600 μm or less, approximately 500 μm or less, approximately 400 μm or less, approximately 300 μm or less, approximately 200 μm or less, or approximately 150 μm or less).

[0135] In some exemplary embodiments, the nicotine-containing material 810 comprises nicotine, a nicotine complex (such as nicotine polarilex), a nicotine salt, or any combination thereof. Nicotine salts may include, for example, nitrates, monotartrates, ditartrates, ditartrate dihydrates, salicylates, sulfates or disulfates, phosphates or superphosphates, acetates, lactates, succinates, maleates, fumarates, glucons, saccharates, benzoates, methanesulfons, hydrochlorides, hydrobroms, hydroiodides, or any combination thereof.

[0136] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the matrix 824 comprises a sugar alcohol, a humectant / oil, or a combination of a sugar alcohol and a humectant / oil. The sugar alcohol may include sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, hydrogenated isomaltulose, hydrolyzed hydrogenated starch, or any combination thereof. The humectant / oil may help maintain the moisture level of the matrix 824. In some exemplary embodiments, the humectant may include glycerol, propylene glycol, or a combination of glycerol and propylene glycol.

[0137] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the matrix 824 may contain sugar alcohols in amounts ranging from about 50% by weight to about 99.5% by weight. For example, the matrix 824 may contain about 50% by weight or more of sugar alcohols (e.g., about 55% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 65% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 75% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, about 85% by weight or more, about 90% by weight or more, or about 95% by weight or more). The matrix 824 may contain about 99.5% by weight or less of sugar alcohols (e.g., about 95% by weight or less, about 90% by weight or less, about 85% by weight or less, about 80% by weight or less, about 75% by weight or less, about 70% by weight or less, about 65% by weight or less, about 60% by weight or less, or about 55% by weight or less).

[0138] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an example of encapsulated nicotine granules 900 for inclusion in oral products such as gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). Encapsulated nicotine granules 900 are the same as encapsulated nicotine granules 800, except that encapsulated nicotine granules 900 contain one or more additives 922.

[0139] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulated nicotine granules 900 include a nicotine-containing material 910 surrounded by or encapsulated in a matrix 920. The matrix 920 may include one or more additives 922. For example, the matrix 920 may include one or more additives 922 dispersed throughout the matrix 920. The one or more additives 922 may be dispersed substantially uniformly within the matrix 920 and around the nicotine-containing material 910. The encapsulated nicotine granules 900 may contain one or more additives 922 in an amount ranging from more than 0% by weight to about 10% by weight or less. For example, encapsulated nicotine granules 900 may contain more than 0% by weight of one or more additives 922 (for example, about 0.1% or more by weight, about 0.5% or more by weight, about 1.0% or more by weight, about 1.5% or more by weight, about 2.0% or more by weight, about 2.5% or more by weight, about 3.0% or more by weight, about 3.5% or more by weight, about 4.0% or more by weight, about 4.5% or more by weight, about 5.0% or more by weight, about 5.5% or more by weight, about 6.0% or more by weight, about 6.5% or more by weight, about 7.0% or more by weight, about 7.5% or more by weight, about 8.0% or more by weight, about 8.5% or more by weight, about 9.0% or more by weight, or about 9.5% or more by weight). The encapsulated nicotine granules 900 may contain one or more types of 922 in an amount of approximately 10% by weight or less (for example, approximately 9.5% by weight or less, approximately 9.0% by weight or less, approximately 8.5% by weight or less, approximately 8.0% by weight or less, approximately 7.5% by weight or less, approximately 7.0% by weight or less, approximately 6.5% by weight or less, approximately 6.0% by weight or less, approximately 5.5% by weight or less, approximately 5.0% by weight or less, approximately 4.5% by weight or less, approximately 4.0% by weight or less, approximately 3.5% by weight or less, approximately 3.0% by weight or less, approximately 2.5% by weight or less, approximately 2.0% by weight or less, approximately 1.5% by weight or less, approximately 1.0% by weight or less, or approximately 0.5% by weight or less).

[0140] One or more additives 922 may include, for example, antioxidants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, polysaccharides, flavoring agents, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the antioxidant additive includes ascorbyl palmitate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), sodium ascorbate, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sucralose, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the pH adjuster includes sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate / potassium bicarbonate, citric acid, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the polysaccharide includes guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, or any combination thereof.

[0141] The flavoring agents may include spray-dried, powdered, and / or liquid flavoring agents. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the flavoring agents include peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, menthol, cinnamon, chocolate, vanillin, licorice, clove, anise, sandalwood, geranium, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, cassia, fennel, ginger, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, propyl isobutyrate, isobutyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl valerate, benzyl formate, limonene, cymene, pinene, linalool, geraniol, citronellol, citral, orange oil, coriander oil, borneol, fruit extracts, coffee, tea, cocoa, mint, pomegranate, acai, raspberry, blueberry, strawberry, boysenberry, cranberry, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, cognac, hydrangea, lavender, apple, peach, pear, cherry, plum, orange, lime, lychee, and gray. This product contains grapefruit, butter, rum, coconut, almonds, pecans, walnuts, hazelnuts, French vanilla, macadamia nuts, sugarcane, maple, blackcurrant, caramel, banana, malt, espresso, Kahlúa, white chocolate, spice flavors (cinnamon, cloves, coriander, basil, oregano, garlic, mustard, nutmeg, rosemary, thyme, tarragon, dill, sage, anise, fennel, etc.), methyl salicylate, linalool, jasmine, coffee, olive oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, bergamot oil, geranium oil, lemon oil, ginger oil, balsamic vinegar, rice wine vinegar, red wine vinegar, allspice, pimento, mango, soursop, custard apple, naseberry, sorrel, or any combination thereof.

[0142] A method is provided for preparing encapsulated nicotine granules (ENG), as shown in Figures 5 and / or 6, suitable for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). In some exemplary embodiments, a method for forming such encapsulated nicotine granules comprises the steps of heating and cooling a first mixture, adding a nicotine-containing material to the cooled first mixture to form a second mixture, and cooling the second mixture to a further temperature to form a solid structure such as one or more sheets. The one or more solid structures can be fragmented to form encapsulated nicotine granules for inclusion in oral products and having desired functional properties.

[0143] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 for preparing nicotine-containing powder 1052 for inclusion in oral products such as gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). The nicotine-containing powder 1052 may comprise a plurality of encapsulated nicotine granules, as illustrated in Figures 5 and / or 6. Method 1000 can be carried out using a batch process, a continuous process, or both batch and continuous processes (e.g., composite extrusion).

[0144] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method 1000 for preparing nicotine-containing powder 1052 includes a step S1010 for preparing a molten mixture 1012. In some exemplary embodiments, the step S1010 for preparing the molten mixture 1012 includes a step of heating a first mixture 1006. For example, the first mixture 1006 may be heated to a first temperature.

[0145] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the first temperature is in the range of about 120°C to about 200°C. For example, the first temperature may be about 120°C or higher (e.g., about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, about 175°C or higher, about 180°C or higher, about 185°C or higher, about 190°C or higher, or about 195°C or higher). The first temperature may be approximately 200°C or lower (for example, approximately 195°C or lower, approximately 190°C or lower, approximately 185°C or lower, approximately 180°C or lower, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, approximately 130°C or lower, or approximately 125°C or lower).

[0146] The first mixture 1006 may contain one or more polyols (e.g., sugars and / or sugar alcohols) 1002. In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1000 includes step S1005 for preparing the first mixture 1006. In some exemplary embodiments, step S1005 for preparing the first mixture 1006 includes contacting one or more polyols 1002 with an aqueous solvent 1004. For example, one or more polyols 1002 may be mixed with the aqueous solvent 1004 to form the first mixture 1006. In at least one exemplary embodiment, though not shown, the first mixture 1006 may further contain one or more additives. The one or more additives may, for illustrative purposes only, include antioxidants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, polysaccharides, flavorings, or any combination thereof.

[0147] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1000 includes the step of forming a cooled molten mixture 1028. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming the cooled molten mixture 1028 includes the step S1020 of cooling the molten mixture 1012. For example, the molten mixture 1012 may be cooled to a second temperature in order to form the cooled molten mixture 1028.

[0148] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the second temperature is in the range of about 65°C to about 200°C. For example, the second temperature may be 65°C or higher (e.g., about 70°C or higher, about 75°C or higher, about 80°C or higher, about 85°C or higher, about 90°C or higher, about 95°C or higher, about 100°C or higher, about 105°C or higher, about 110°C or higher, about 115°C or higher, about 120°C or higher, about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, about 175°C or higher, about 180°C or higher, about 185°C or higher, about 190°C or higher, or about 195°C or higher). The second temperature may be approximately 200°C or lower (for example, approximately 195°C or lower, approximately 190°C or lower, approximately 185°C or lower, approximately 180°C or lower, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, approximately 130°C or lower, approximately 125°C or lower, approximately 120°C or lower, approximately 115°C or lower, approximately 110°C or lower, approximately 105°C or lower, approximately 100°C or lower, approximately 95°C or lower, approximately 90°C or lower, approximately 85°C or lower, approximately 80°C or lower, approximately 75°C or lower, or approximately 70°C or lower).

[0149] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1000 includes the step of forming a second mixture 1038. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming the second mixture 1038 includes the step S1030 of adding one or more nicotine-containing materials 1032 to a cooled molten mixture 1028.

[0150] The second mixture 1038 may contain a cooled molten mixture 1028 in an amount ranging from about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight. For example, the second mixture 1038 may contain about 0.1% by weight or more of cooled molten mixture 1028 (e.g., about 0.5% by weight or more, about 1% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, about 40% by weight or more, or about 45% by weight or more). The second mixture 1038 may contain about 50% by weight or less of the cooled molten mixture 1028 (for example, about 45% by weight or less, about 40% by weight or less, about 35% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 25% by weight or less, about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, about 5% by weight or less, about 1% by weight or less, or about 0.5% by weight or less).

[0151] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the second mixture 1038 may contain an amount of the cooled molten mixture 1028 ranging from about 60% by weight to about 80% by weight. For example, the second mixture 1038 may contain about 60% by weight or more of the cooled molten mixture 1028 (e.g., about 62% by weight or more, about 64% by weight or more, about 66% by weight or more, about 68% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 72% by weight or more, about 74% by weight or more, about 76% by weight or more, or about 78% by weight or more). The second mixture 1038 may contain about 80% by weight or less (e.g., about 78% by weight or less, about 76% by weight or less, about 74% by weight or less, about 72% by weight or less, about 70% by weight or less, about 68% by weight or less, about 66% by weight or less, about 64% by weight or less, or about 62% by weight or less).

[0152] The second mixture 1038 may contain one or more nicotine-containing materials 1032 in an amount ranging from about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight. For example, the second mixture 1038 may contain about 0.1% by weight or more of nicotine-containing materials 1032 (e.g., about 0.5% by weight or more, about 1% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, about 40% by weight or more, or about 45% by weight or more). The second mixture 1038 may contain nicotine-containing material 1032 in an amount of about 50% by weight or less (for example, about 45% by weight or less, about 40% by weight or less, about 35% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 25% by weight or less, about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, about 5% by weight or less, about 1% by weight or less, or about 0.5% by weight or less).

[0153] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the second mixture 1038 may contain an amount of nicotine-containing material 1032 ranging from about 20% by weight to about 40% by weight. For example, the second mixture 1038 may contain about 20% by weight or more of nicotine-containing material 1032 (e.g., about 22% by weight or more, about 24% by weight or more, about 26% by weight or more, about 28% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 32% by weight or more, about 34% by weight or more, about 36% by weight or more, or about 38% by weight or more). The second mixture may contain about 40% by weight or less of nicotine-containing material 1032 (e.g., about 38% by weight or less, about 36% by weight or less, about 34% by weight or less, about 32% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 28% by weight or less, about 26% by weight or less, about 24% by weight or less, or about 22% by weight or less).

[0154] Although not shown, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the second mixture 1038 may contain one or more additives, and the step of forming the second mixture may include the step of adding one or more additives to the cooled and melted mixture 1028. The one or more additives are merely examples and may include antioxidants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, polysaccharides, flavorings, or any combination thereof.

[0155] In some exemplary embodiments, one or more nicotine-containing materials 1032 include nicotine, a nicotine complex (e.g., nicotine polarilex), a nicotine salt, or any combination thereof. Nicotine salts may include, for example, nitrates, monotartrates, ditartrates, ditartrate dihydrates, salicylates, sulfates or disulfates, phosphates or superphosphates, acetates, lactates, succinates, maleates, fumarates, glucons, saccharates, benzoates, methanesulfons, hydrochlorides, hydrobroms, hydroiodides, or any combination thereof.

[0156] In at least one exemplary embodiment, such as when one or more nicotine-containing materials 1032 include a solid nicotine salt, the second temperature is in the range of about 120°C to about 130°C. For example, the second temperature may be about 120°C or higher (e.g., about 121°C or higher, about 122°C or higher, about 123°C or higher, about 124°C or higher, about 125°C or higher, about 126°C or higher, about 127°C or higher, about 128°C or higher, or about 129°C or higher). The second temperature may be about 130°C or lower (e.g., about 129°C or lower, about 128°C or lower, about 127°C or lower, about 126°C or lower, about 125°C or lower, about 124°C or lower, about 123°C or lower, about 122°C or lower, or about 121°C or lower).

[0157] In at least one exemplary embodiment, such as when one or more nicotine-containing materials 1032 include a liquid nicotine solution or a nicotine salt, the second temperature is in the range of about 65°C to about 100°C. For example, the second temperature may be about 65°C or higher (e.g., about 70°C or higher, about 75°C or higher, about 80°C or higher, about 85°C or higher, about 90°C or higher, or about 95°C or higher). The second temperature may be about 100°C or lower (e.g., about 95°C or lower, about 90°C or lower, about 85°C or lower, about 80°C or lower, about 75°C or lower, or about 70°C or lower).

[0158] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1000 includes the step of forming one or more solidified structures 1048. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming one or more solidified structures 1048 includes the step S1040 of cooling the second mixture 1038. For example, the second mixture 1038 may be cooled to a third temperature to form a cooled molten mixture 1048. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming one or more solidified structures 1048 includes the step of glassifying the second mixture 1038. For example, the third temperature is the glass transition temperature (T) of one or more polyols 1002. g It may be less than ).

[0159] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the third temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 45°C. For example, the third temperature may be about 40°C or higher (e.g., about 40.5°C or higher, about 41°C or higher, about 41.5°C or higher, about 42°C or higher, about 42.5°C or higher, about 43°C or higher, about 43.5°C or higher, about 44°C or higher, or about 44.5°C or higher). The third temperature may be about 45°C or lower (e.g., about 44.5°C or lower, about 44°C or lower, about 43.5°C or lower, about 43°C or lower, about 42.5°C or lower, about 42°C or lower, about 41.5°C or lower, about 41°C or lower, or about 40.5°C or lower).

[0160] One or more solidified structures 1048 may have one or more sheets or one of various other configurations as recognized by those skilled in the art. For example, in at least one exemplary embodiment, one or more solidified structures 1048 may include one or more sheets that are brittle at room temperature.

[0161] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1000 includes step S1050 of fragmenting one or more solidified structures 1048 to form a nicotine-containing powder 1052.

[0162] Nicotine-containing materials, such as nicotine-containing powders, are often sensitive to light and air under normal temperature and pressure conditions, and various chemical and physical properties can cause various difficulties during the preparation, processing, and storage of oral products containing nicotine-containing materials.

[0163] Exemplary encapsulated nicotine granules prepared according to at least one exemplary embodiment and contained in oral products (e.g., gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules)) may be less irritating to consumers. <Encapsulated sweetener granules>

[0164] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an encapsulated sweetener granule (ESG) suitable for inclusion in an oral product is provided.

[0165] Figure 8 is an exemplary cross-sectional view of encapsulated sweetener granules 1200 for inclusion in oral products such as gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulated sweetener granules 1200 include a sweetener-containing material 1210 surrounded by or encapsulated by a matrix 1224. Although the nicotine-containing material 1210 dispersed within the matrix 1224 is shown, those skilled in the art will recognize that in various other embodiments, the matrix 1224 can take on various other shapes or configurations. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the matrix 1224 includes a sweetener-containing material 1210 uniformly dispersed throughout the encapsulated sweetener granules 1200. In some other exemplary embodiments, the matrix 112 may define a continuous coating surrounding or encapsulating the sweetener-containing material 1210.

[0166] The encapsulated sweetener granules 1200 may have an average particle size (D50) in the range of approximately 100 μm to approximately 5 mm. For example, the encapsulated sweetener granules 1200 may have an average particle size of approximately 100 μm or more (e.g., approximately 200 μm or more, approximately 300 μm or more, approximately 400 μm or more, approximately 500 μm or more, approximately 600 μm or more, approximately 700 μm or more, approximately 800 μm or more, approximately 900 μm or more, approximately 1 mm or more, approximately 1.5 mm or more, approximately 2.0 mm or more, approximately 2.5 mm or more, approximately 3.0 mm or more, approximately 3.5 mm or more, approximately 4.0 mm or more, approximately 4.5 mm or more, or approximately 5.0 mm or more). The encapsulated sweetener granules 1200 may have an average particle size of approximately 5 mm or less (for example, 4.5 mm or less, approximately 4.0 mm or less, approximately 3.5 mm or less, approximately 3.0 mm or less, approximately 2.5 mm or less, approximately 2.0 mm or less, approximately 1.5 mm or less, approximately 1 mm or less, approximately 900 μm or less, approximately 800 μm or less, approximately 700 μm or less, approximately 600 μm or less, approximately 500 μm or less, approximately 400 μm or less, approximately 300 μm or less, approximately 200 μm or less, or approximately 150 μm or less).

[0167] In some exemplary embodiments, the sweetener-containing material 1210 contains one or more high-intensity sweeteners. The one or more high-intensity sweeteners may include synthetic sweeteners and / or natural sweeteners. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the natural sweetener contains sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and / or polysaccharides, etc.). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the natural sweetener contains sucrose (e.g., table sugar), honey, a mixture of low molecular weight sugars other than sucrose, glucose (e.g., glucose, maize sugar, dextrose), molasses, maize sweetener, high-fructose corn syrup (e.g., corn syrup), fructose (e.g., fructose), lactose (e.g., lactose), maltose (e.g., maltose, maltobiose), sorghum syrup, concentrated fruit juice, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener-containing material 1210 contains sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols may include mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener-containing material 1210 includes a non-nutrition sweetener containing stevia, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, or any combination thereof.

[0168] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the matrix 1224 comprises a sugar alcohol, a humectant / oil, or a combination of a sugar alcohol and a humectant / oil. The sugar alcohol may include sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, hydrogenated isomaltulose, hydrolyzed hydrogenated starch, or any combination thereof. The humectant / oil may help maintain the moisture level of the matrix 1224. In some exemplary embodiments, the humectant may include glycerol, propylene glycol, or a combination of glycerol and propylene glycol.

[0169] In at least one exemplary embodiment, matrix 1224 may contain sugar alcohols in amounts ranging from about 50% by weight to about 99.5% by weight. For example, matrix 824 may contain about 50% by weight or more of sugar alcohols (e.g., about 55% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 65% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 75% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, about 85% by weight or more, about 90% by weight or more, or about 95% by weight or more). Matrix 824 may contain about 99.5% by weight or less of sugar alcohols (e.g., about 95% by weight or less, about 90% by weight or less, about 85% by weight or less, about 80% by weight or less, about 75% by weight or less, about 70% by weight or less, about 65% by weight or less, about 60% by weight or less, or about 55% by weight or less).

[0170] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of an example of encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 for inclusion in oral products such as gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, and pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). Encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 are the same as encapsulated sweetener granules 1200, except that encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 contain one or more additives 1322.

[0171] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 are surrounded by a matrix 1320 or comprise an encapsulated sweetener-containing material 1310. The matrix 1320 may comprise one or more additives 1322. For example, the matrix 1320 may comprise one or more additives 1322 dispersed throughout the matrix 1320. The one or more additives 1322 may be substantially uniformly dispersed within the matrix 1320 and around the sweetener-containing material 1310.

[0172] The encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 may contain one or more additives 1322 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 45% by weight. For example, the encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 may contain one or more additives 1322 in an amount of about 0.01% by weight or more (e.g., about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, or about 40% by weight or more). The encapsulated sweetener granules 1300 may contain one or more additives 1322 in an amount of about 45% by weight or less (e.g., about 40% by weight or less, about 35% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 25% by weight or less, about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, or about 5% by weight or less).

[0173] One or more additives 1322 may include, for example, antioxidants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, polysaccharides, flavoring agents, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the antioxidant additive includes ascorbyl palmitate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), sodium ascorbate, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sucralose, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the pH adjuster includes sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate / potassium bicarbonate, citric acid, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the polysaccharide includes guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, or any combination thereof.

[0174] The flavoring agents may include spray-dried, powdered, and / or liquid flavoring agents. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the flavoring agents include peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, menthol, cinnamon, chocolate, vanillin, licorice, clove, anise, sandalwood, geranium, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, cassia, fennel, ginger, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, propyl isobutyrate, isobutyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl valerate, benzyl formate, limonene, cymene, pinene, linalool, geraniol, citronellol, citral, orange oil, coriander oil, borneol, fruit extracts, coffee, tea, cocoa, mint, pomegranate, acai, raspberry, blueberry, strawberry, boysenberry, cranberry, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, cognac, hydrangea, lavender, apple, peach, pear, cherry, plum, orange, lime, lychee, and gray. This product contains grapefruit, butter, rum, coconut, almonds, pecans, walnuts, hazelnuts, French vanilla, macadamia nuts, sugarcane, maple, blackcurrant, caramel, banana, malt, espresso, Kahlúa, white chocolate, spice flavors (cinnamon, cloves, coriander, basil, oregano, garlic, mustard, nutmeg, rosemary, thyme, tarragon, dill, sage, anise, fennel, etc.), methyl salicylate, linalool, jasmine, coffee, olive oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, bergamot oil, geranium oil, lemon oil, ginger oil, balsamic vinegar, rice wine vinegar, red wine vinegar, allspice, pimento, mango, soursop, custard apple, naseberry, sorrel, or any combination thereof.

[0175] A method is provided for preparing encapsulated sweetener granules (ESGs), such as those shown in Figures 8 and / or 9, suitable for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). In some exemplary embodiments, a method for forming such encapsulated sweetener granules comprises the steps of heating and cooling a first mixture, adding a sweetener-containing material to the cooled first mixture to form a second mixture, and cooling the second mixture to a further temperature to form a solid structure such as one or more sheets. The one or more solid structures can be fragmented to form encapsulated sweetener granules to be incorporated into oral products and to have desired functional properties.

[0176] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for preparing a sweetener-containing powder 1452 for inclusion in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). The sweetener-containing powder 1452 may contain a plurality of encapsulated nicotine granules, as illustrated in Figures 8 and / or 9. Method 1400 can be carried out using a batch process, a continuous process, or both batch and continuous processes (e.g., composite extrusion).

[0177] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method 1400 for preparing the sweetener-containing powder 1442 includes a step S1410 for preparing a molten mixture 1412. In some exemplary embodiments, the step S1410 for preparing the molten mixture 1412 includes a step of heating a first mixture 1406. For example, the first mixture 1406 may be heated to a first temperature.

[0178] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the first temperature is in the range of about 120°C to about 200°C. For example, the first temperature may be about 120°C or higher (e.g., about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, about 175°C or higher, about 180°C or higher, about 185°C or higher, about 190°C or higher, or about 195°C or higher). The first temperature may be approximately 200°C or lower (for example, approximately 195°C or lower, approximately 190°C or lower, approximately 185°C or lower, approximately 180°C or lower, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, approximately 130°C or lower, or approximately 125°C or lower).

[0179] The first mixture 1406 may comprise one or more polyols 1402 and / or one or more hydrophilic colloids 1403. In at least one exemplary embodiment, one or more polyols 1402 may comprise isomalt, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, one or more hydrophilic colloids 1403 may comprise guar gum, gum arabic, or any combination thereof.

[0180] The first mixture 1406 may contain one or more polyols 1402 in an amount ranging from about 50% by weight to about 99.5% by weight. For example, the first mixture 1406 may contain one or more polyols 1402 in an amount of about 50% by weight or more (e.g., about 55% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 65% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 75% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, about 85% by weight or more, about 90% by weight or more, or about 95% by weight or more). The first mixture 1406 may contain one or more polyols 1402 in an amount of about 99.5% by weight or less (e.g., about 95% by weight or less, about 90% by weight or less, about 85% by weight or less, about 80% by weight or less, about 75% by weight or less, about 70% by weight or less, about 65% by weight or less, about 60% by weight or less, or about 50% by weight or less).

[0181] The first mixture 1406 may contain one or more hydrophilic colloids 1403 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight. For example, the first mixture 1406 may contain one or more hydrophilic colloids in an amount of about 0.01% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.02% by weight or more, about 0.05% by weight or more, about 1.0% by weight or more, about 1.5% by weight or more, about 2.0% by weight or more, about 2.5% by weight, about 3.0% by weight or more, about 3.5% by weight or more, about 4.0% by weight or more, about 4.5% by weight or more, or about 4.9% by weight or more). The first mixture 1406 may contain one or more hydrophilic colloids in an amount of about 5% by weight or less (for example, about 4.9% by weight or less, about 4.5% by weight or less, about 4.0% by weight or less, about 3.5% by weight or less, about 3.0% by weight or less, about 3.5% by weight or less, about 3.0% by weight or less, about 2.5% by weight or less, about 2.0% by weight or less, about 1.5% by weight or less, about 1.0% by weight or less, or about 0.5% by weight or less).

[0182] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1400 includes step S1405 of preparing a first mixture 1406. In some exemplary embodiments, step S1405 of preparing the first mixture 1406 includes contacting one or more polyols 1402 and / or one or more hydrophilic colloids 1403 with an aqueous solvent 1404. For example, one or more polyols 1402 and / or one or more hydrophilic colloids 1403 may be mixed with the aqueous solvent 1404 to form the first mixture 1406. Although not shown, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the first mixture 1406 may further include one or more additives. The one or more additives are, for illustrative purposes only, antioxidants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, polysaccharides, flavorings, or any combination thereof.

[0183] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1400 includes the step of forming a cooled molten mixture 1428. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming the cooled molten mixture 1428 includes the step S1420 of cooling the molten mixture 1412. For example, the molten mixture 1412 may be cooled to a second temperature in order to form the cooled molten mixture 1428.

[0184] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the second temperature is in the range of about 65°C to about 200°C. For example, the second temperature may be about 65°C or higher (e.g., about 70°C or higher, about 75°C or higher, about 80°C or higher, about 85°C or higher, about 90°C or higher, about 95°C or higher, about 100°C or higher, about 105°C or higher, about 110°C or higher, about 115°C or higher, about 120°C or higher, about 125°C or higher, about 130°C or higher, about 135°C or higher, about 140°C or higher, about 145°C or higher, about 150°C or higher, about 155°C or higher, about 160°C or higher, about 165°C or higher, about 170°C or higher, about 175°C or higher, about 180°C or higher, about 185°C or higher, about 190°C or higher, or about 195°C or higher). The second temperature may be approximately 200°C or lower (for example, approximately 195°C or lower, approximately 190°C or lower, approximately 185°C or lower, approximately 180°C or lower, approximately 175°C or lower, approximately 170°C or lower, approximately 165°C or lower, approximately 160°C or lower, approximately 155°C or lower, approximately 150°C or lower, approximately 145°C or lower, approximately 140°C or lower, approximately 135°C or lower, approximately 130°C or lower, approximately 125°C or lower, approximately 120°C or lower, approximately 115°C or lower, approximately 110°C or lower, approximately 105°C or lower, approximately 100°C or lower, approximately 95°C or lower, approximately 90°C or lower, approximately 85°C or lower, approximately 80°C or lower, approximately 75°C or lower, or approximately 70°C or lower).

[0185] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1400 includes the step of forming a second mixture 1438. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming the second mixture 1438 includes the step S1430 of adding one or more sweetener-containing materials 1432 to the cooled molten mixture 1428. The second mixture 1438 may contain one or more sweetener-containing materials 1432 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 45% by weight. For example, the second mixture 1438 may contain about 0.01% by weight or more of one or more sweetener-containing materials 1432 (e.g., about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, or about 40% by weight or more). The second mixture 1438 may contain one or more sweetener-containing materials 1432 in an amount of about 45% by weight or less (for example, about 40% by weight or less, about 35% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 25% by weight or less, about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, or about 5% by weight or less).

[0186] Although not shown, in at least one embodiment, the second mixture 1438 may contain one or more additives, and the step of forming the second mixture may include the step of adding one or more additives to the cooled and melted mixture 1428. The one or more additives are merely examples and may include antioxidants, sweeteners, pH adjusters, polysaccharides, flavorings, or any combination thereof.

[0187] In some exemplary embodiments, the sweetener-containing material 1432 contains one or more high-intensity sweeteners. The one or more high-intensity sweeteners may include synthetic sweeteners and / or natural sweeteners. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the natural sweeteners include sucrose (e.g., table sugar), honey, mixtures of low molecular weight sugars other than sucrose, glucose (e.g., glucose, maize sugar, dextrose), molasses, maize sweeteners, high-fructose corn syrup (e.g., corn syrup), fructose (e.g., fructose), lactose (e.g., lactose), maltose (e.g., maltose, maltobiose), sorghum syrup, concentrated fruit juice, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener-containing material 1432 contains a sugar alcohol. The sugar alcohol may include mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener-containing material 1432 includes a non-nutrition sweetener comprising stevia, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, or any combination thereof.

[0188] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1400 includes the step of forming one or more solidified structures 1448. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming one or more solidified structures 1448 includes the step S1440 of cooling the second mixture 1438. For example, the second mixture 1438 may be cooled to a third temperature to form a cooled molten mixture 1428. In some exemplary embodiments, the step of forming one or more solidified structures 1448 may include the step of vitrifying the second mixture 1438. For example, the third temperature is the glass transition temperature (T) of one or more polyols 1402 and / or 1403. g It may be less than ).

[0189] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the third temperature is in the range of about 40°C to about 45°C. For example, the third temperature may be about 40°C or higher (e.g., about 40.5°C or higher, about 41°C or higher, about 41.5°C or higher, about 42°C or higher, about 42.5°C or higher, about 43°C or higher, about 43.5°C or higher, about 44°C or higher, or about 44.5°C or higher). The third temperature may be about 45°C or lower (e.g., about 44.5°C or lower, about 44°C or lower, about 43.5°C or lower, about 43°C or lower, about 42.5°C or lower, about 42°C or lower, about 41.5°C or lower, about 41°C or lower, or about 40.5°C or lower).

[0190] One or more solidified structures 1448 may have one or more sheets or one of various other configurations as recognized by those skilled in the art. For example, in at least one exemplary embodiment, one or more solidified structures 1448 may include one or more sheets that are brittle at room temperature.

[0191] In at least one exemplary embodiment, method 1400 includes step S1450 of fragmenting one or more solidified structures 1448 to form a sweetener-containing powder 1452. <Liquid mixture of triglycerides and liquid nicotine>

[0192] Figures 11A to 11C show the chemical structures of different forms of nicotine.

[0193] Nicotine, or 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, is a tertiary amine. Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, nicotine is an oily, volatile, and hygroscopic liquid. In this state, nicotine is a free base (non-protonated) and has the structure shown in Figure 11A. pK of free base nicotine a The value is approximately 8.

[0194] Nicotine can also be in the form of a complex or a salt. Nicotine complexes and salts may be supplied in solid form, such as a powder. An example of a nicotine complex used in oral products is nicotine polarilex. In salt form, nicotine is monoprotonated as shown in Figure 11B or diprotonated as shown in Figure 11C. Monoprotonated and diprotonated nicotine have lower pKs than free base nicotine. a Nicotine salts may include nitrates, monotartrates, ditartrates, ditartrate dihydrates, salicylates, sulfates or disulfates, phosphates or superphosphates, acetates, lactates, succinates, maleates, fumarates, glucons, saccharates, benzoates, methanesulfons, hydrochlorides, hydrobroms, hydroiodides, or any combination thereof.

[0195] Oral products often contain nicotine in the form of a complex or salt for reasons related to manufacturing, handling, and stability. However, nicotine is pK a It is believed that the higher the pH level, the easier it is for the substance to be absorbed into the buccal mucosa. Therefore, oral products containing protonated nicotine may also contain pH adjusters to create a more basic environment within the oral product.

[0196] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product comprises a liquid mixture of nicotine and a triglyceride. The oral product comprising the liquid mixture may be configured to increase nicotine absorption through the cheek compared to oral products comprising aqueous nicotine, nicotine complexes, and / or nicotine salts. The nicotine may be liquid nicotine. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine may be dissolved in the triglyceride to form a solution of triglyceride and liquid nicotine. In at least one exemplary embodiment, all of the liquid nicotine is dissolved in the triglyceride. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture may essentially consist of liquid nicotine and a triglyceride such as medium-chain triglyceride (MCT).

[0197] The weight ratio of triglycerides to nicotine in a liquid mixture may be about 1:1 or greater (e.g., about 3:2 or greater, about 2:1 or greater, about 3:1 or greater, about 4:1 or greater, about 5:1 or greater, about 6:1 or greater, about 7:1 or greater, about 8:1 or greater, about 9:1 or greater, or about 10:1 or greater). The weight ratio may be about 95:5 or less (e.g., about 9:1 or less, about 8:1 or less, about 7:1 or less, about 6:1 or less, about 5:1 or less, about 4:1 or less, about 3:1 or less, or about 3:2 or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the weight ratio ranges from about 1:1 to about 9:1 (e.g., about 3:2 to about 4:1, about 3:1 to about 5:1, or about 4:1).

[0198] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may contain additional triglycerides beyond those present in the liquid mixture. The additional triglycerides may be used as plasticizers in at least one exemplary embodiment. The ratio of triglycerides in the oral product to liquid nicotine (i.e., both the liquid mixture and any additional triglycerides) may be about 1:1 or greater (e.g., about 3:2 or greater, about 2:1 or greater, about 3:1 or greater, about 4:1 or greater, about 5:1 or greater, about 6:1 or greater, about 7:1 or greater, about 8:1 or greater, about 9:1 or greater, about 10:1, about 15:1 or greater, about 20:1 or greater, about 25:1 or greater, about 30:1 or greater, about 40:1 or greater, about 50:1 or greater, about 60:1 or greater, about 70:1 or greater, about 75:1 or greater, or about 80:1 or greater). The weight ratio of triglycerides to liquid nicotine may be approximately 100:1 or less (for example, approximately 90:1 or less, approximately 80:1 or less, approximately 75:1 or less, approximately 70:1 or less, approximately 60:1 or less, approximately 50:1 or less, approximately 40:1 or less, approximately 30:1 or less, approximately 25:1 or less, approximately 20:1, approximately 15:1 or less, approximately 10:1 or less, approximately 9:1 or less, approximately 8:1 or less, approximately 7:1 or less, approximately 6:1 or less, approximately 5:1 or less, approximately 4:1 or less, approximately 3:1 or less, approximately 2:1 or less, or approximately 3:2 or less).

[0199] Figures 12A and 12B are graphs showing nicotine dynamics in the cheek for different nicotine solutions.

[0200] In at least one exemplary embodiment, providing nicotine dissolved in triglycerides may enhance absorption through the cheek compared to nicotine in an aqueous phase. It is believed that providing nicotine dissolved in triglycerides makes it easier for at least a portion of the nicotine to be retained in a free base state, regardless of the presence or absence of pH adjusters.

[0201] As shown in Figures 12A to 12B, three solutions are prepared according to Table 5 below. The amounts in Table 5 are in weight percent. Solution A contains 0.5 mg of liquid nicotine in water with pH 7. Solution B contains 0.5 mg of nicotine in water with pH 10. Solution C contains 0.5 mg of nicotine in MCT oil. [Table 5] Table 5. Solution composition by weight %

[0202] To determine the amount of nicotine absorbed and unabsorbed, solutions A, B, and C are each held in the oral cavity of adult tobacco consumers. Five adult tobacco consumers participate. For each of the three solutions in each of the five adult tobacco consumers, expectorant samples are collected at three time intervals: 0 to 1 minute, 1 to 5 minutes, and 5 to 10 minutes. Each expectorant sample is analyzed, and the weight of nicotine in the expectorant sample is measured. The nicotine measured in the expectorant sample is necessarily not absorbed by the buccal mucosa. The amount of absorbed nicotine is calculated for each solution based on the difference between the known weight of nicotine in each solution and the measured amount of nicotine in each expectorant sample for each solution, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0203] Solution A contains 0.5 mg of nicotine. The first solution A expectorant sample 4200 was collected between 0 and 1 minute and contained 57% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. The second solution A expectorant sample 4202 was collected between 1 and 5 minutes and contained 18% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. The third solution A expectorant sample 4204 was collected between 5 and 10 minutes and contained 5% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. Therefore, the amount of nicotine absorbed from solution A 4206 is calculated to be 20% by weight (100% - 57% - 18% - 5% = 20%).

[0204] Solution B contains 0.5 mg of nicotine. The first solution B expectorant sample 4210 was collected at 0 to 1 minute and contained 50% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. The second solution B expectorant sample 4212 was collected at 1 to 5 minutes and contained 19% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. The third solution B expectorant sample 4214 was collected at 5 to 10 minutes and contained 6% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. Therefore, the amount of nicotine absorbed from solution B 4216 is calculated to be 25% by weight (100% - 50% - 19% - 6% = 25%).

[0205] Solution C contains 0.5 mg of nicotine. The first solution C expectorant sample 4220 was collected at 0 to 1 minute and contained 38% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. The second solution C expectorant sample 4222 was collected at 1 to 5 minutes and contained 22% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. The third solution C expectorant sample 4224 was collected at 5 to 10 minutes and contained 5% by weight of the 0.5 mg of nicotine. Therefore, the amount of nicotine absorbed from solution C 4226 is calculated to be 35% by weight (100% - 38% - 22% - 5% = 35%).

[0206] As shown by the difference in behavior between solution A and solution B, increasing the pH of an aqueous solution, as in solution B, promotes nicotine absorption through the cheek. For example, increasing the pH of an aqueous environment can promote the retention of nicotine in the free base phase. As can be seen from the difference in behavior between solutions A / B and solution C, providing nicotine in MCT, as in solution C, promotes nicotine absorption through the cheek compared to providing nicotine in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, as shown by the difference in behavior between solution B and solution C, providing nicotine in MCT increases absorption through the cheek compared to the aqueous phase containing a pH adjuster, as in solution C. As shown in Figure 12B, the amount of nicotine absorbed from solution C is greater than the amount absorbed from each of solutions A and B.

[0207] Figure 13A is a table showing nicotine partition coefficient data for different oil and aqueous phase combinations. Figure 13B is a diagram showing the chemical structure of triacetin (C2). Figure 13C is a diagram showing the chemical structure of MCT (C8-C10). Figure 13D is a diagram showing the chemical structure of triolein (C18).

[0208] As shown in Figure 13A, nicotine is soluble in both oil and water. Each of samples 1 to 8 is prepared and measured according to the following method: Liquid nicotine is added to a container containing the oil phase at the target nicotine concentration. The nicotine-containing oil phase is mixed with the aqueous phase in a 1:1 volume ratio (v:v) using an orbital shaker at approximately 100 revolutions per minute (rpm) for approximately 5 minutes to prepare a nicotine oil:aqueous phase mixture. The nicotine oil:aqueous phase mixture is left at room temperature (approximately 25°C) for approximately 24 hours. The nicotine concentrations in the oil phase and the nicotine phase are measured by liquid chromatography. The partition coefficient, which is the concentration ratio of the compound (i.e., nicotine) in the two immiscible solvents (i.e., the oil phase and the aqueous phase) at equilibrium, is calculated for each sample. The partition coefficient is a comparison of the solubility of nicotine in the two liquid phases.

[0209] Samples 1 to 6 contain MCT oil (CAS number 73398-61-5) as the oil phase. Sample 7 contains triacetin oil as the oil phase. Sample 8 contains triolein oil as the oil phase. Sample 1 contains deionized (DI) water as the aqueous phase. Sample 2 contains basicized DI water with a pH of 7.4 as the aqueous phase. Sample 3 contains artificial saliva with a pH of 6.8 as the aqueous phase. The artificial saliva simulates the state of mucus. Sample 4 contains acidic deionized water with a pH of 2 as the aqueous phase. Samples 5 to 8 contain 1M acetic acid as a pH adjuster (acetic acid pH adjuster) with a pH of 2 as the aqueous phase, and simulate the state of the stomach.

[0210] In each of samples 5 through 8, the partition coefficient was less than 1, indicating that the solubility of nicotine in the acetic acid pH adjuster was higher than in each oil phase. This is thought to be due to the protonation of nicotine and higher electrostatic interactions. In each of samples 1 through 4, the partition coefficient was greater than 1, indicating that the solubility in the MCT oil was higher than in each aqueous phase. However, in all samples, at least a portion of the nicotine was dissolved in the aqueous phase. Therefore, when water is present in the liquid mixture, at least a portion of the nicotine dissolves in the aqueous phase.

[0211] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains water. The oral product may contain water in an amount of about 8% by weight or less (e.g., about 5% by weight or less, about 3% by weight or less, about 2% by weight or less, about 1% by weight or less, about 0.5% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product does not contain water.

[0212] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture contains water in an amount of about 5% by weight or less (e.g., about 4% by weight or less, about 3% by weight or less, about 2% by weight or less, about 1% by weight or less, about 0.5% by weight or less, or about 0.25% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, water is not intentionally added to the liquid mixture. However, small amounts of water may come into contact with the liquid mixture through other elements in the oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture does not contain water. Limiting the amount of water and / or omitting water may facilitate increasing the amount of nicotine dissolved in the triglycerides. Therefore, an oral product having a liquid mixture may be configured to promote increased buccal absorption of nicotine compared to an oral product having all or part of the nicotine in the aqueous phase.

[0213] As described above, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the nicotine may be liquid nicotine. About 50% by weight or more of the nicotine may be free base nicotine (e.g., about 55% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 65% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 75% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, about 85% by weight or more, about 90% by weight or more, about 95% by weight or more, about 98% by weight or more, about 99% by weight or more). In at least one exemplary embodiment, 80% by weight or more of the nicotine is free base nicotine. In at least one exemplary embodiment, all of the nicotine is free base nicotine.

[0214] In at least one exemplary embodiment, nicotine is tobacco-derived nicotine, synthetic nicotine, or both tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains an amount of nicotine of about 0.1 mg or more (e.g., about 1 mg or more, about 2 mg or more, about 4 mg or more, about 6 mg or more, about 8 mg or more, about 10 mg or more, about 12 mg or more). The oral product may contain an amount of nicotine of about 14 mg or less (e.g., about 12 mg or less, about 10 mg or less, about 8 mg or less, about 6 mg or less, about 4 mg or less, about 2 mg or less, or about 1 mg or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains an amount of liquid nicotine ranging from 0.1 mg to about 14 mg (e.g., ranging from about 4 mg to about 8 mg, or from about 8 mg to about 6 mg).

[0215] The triglycerides may include long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), MCTs, short-chain triglycerides (STCs), or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the triglycerides include MCTs. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture further includes triacetin, triolein, trilinolein, vegetable oil, partially hydrogenated oil, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture includes triacetin, triolein, trilinolein, vegetable oil, partially hydrogenated oil, or any combination thereof as a substitute for triglycerides, in the same weight ratios and proportions as described herein with respect to triglycerides.

[0216] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains triglycerides in an amount of about 1% by weight or more (e.g., about 2% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, about 4% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more or about 30% by weight or more, about 40% by weight or more, about 50% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, or about 90% by weight or more). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may contain triglycerides in an amount of about 95% by weight or less (e.g., about 90% by weight or less, about 80% by weight or less, about 70% by weight or less, about 60% by weight or less, about 50% by weight or less, about 40% by weight or less, about 30% by weight or less, about 20% by weight or less, about 15% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, about 7% by weight or less, or about 5% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is in a solid form containing about 50% by weight or less of triglycerides. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is in a gel, paste, or liquid form containing about 75% by weight or more of triglycerides (e.g., about 80% by weight or more of triglycerides, about 85% by weight or more of triglycerides, about 90% by weight or more of triglycerides, about 95% by weight or more of triglycerides).

[0217] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product further includes a carrier. At least a portion of the liquid mixture may be absorbed by the carrier. In at least one exemplary embodiment, all of the liquid mixture is absorbed by the carrier. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the weight ratio of the carrier to the liquid mixture may be in the range of about 75:25 or greater (e.g., about 80:20 or greater, about 85:15 or greater, about 90:10 or greater, or about 95:5 or greater). In at least one other exemplary embodiment, the oral product does not include a carrier.

[0218] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the carrier may be a material insoluble in the mouth. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the carrier is a cellulosic material. Cellulosic materials may include or be derived from sugar beets, wood pulp, cotton, bran, citrus pulp, grass (e.g., switchgrass), willow, poplar, or any combination thereof. Insoluble cellulosic materials may be treated cellulosic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cellulosic material includes cellulosic fibers that are insoluble in the mouth.

[0219] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product does not contain a pH adjuster. In at least one other exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains a pH adjuster. The pH adjuster may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, or any combination thereof. The pH adjuster may be present in an amount of about 0.01% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.05% by weight or more, about 0.1% by weight or more, about 0.5% by weight or more, or about 1% by weight or more). The pH adjuster may be present in an amount of about 2% by weight or less (e.g., about 1% by weight or less, about 0.5% by weight or less, about 0.1% by weight or less, or about 0.05% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the pH adjuster is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 2% by weight.

[0220] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product comprises a liquid mixture (optionally absorbed into a carrier) and additional elements. The additional elements include an orally soluble polymer, an orally stable polymer, a plasticizer, a flavoring agent, a sweetener, an orally soluble fiber, an antioxidant, a stimulant, a sedative (e.g., theanine and / or melatonin), a concentration agent (e.g., ginkgo biloba). Oral products may include biloba), alkaloids, minerals, vitamins, nutritional supplements, functional foods, colorants, amino acids, chemosensory agents, food emulsifiers, plants (e.g., green tea), dental bleaching agents (e.g., sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)), therapeutic agents, processing aids, stearates (e.g., magnesium and / or potassium), waxes (e.g., glyceryl monostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, and / or acetylated monoglycerides), stabilizers (e.g., ascorbic acid and monosterol citrate, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), or butylhydroxyanisole (BHA)), lubricants (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), preservatives (e.g., sodium benzoate), fillers, or any combination thereof. Oral products may include several additional elements. Furthermore, a single element may belong to multiple of the categories described above.

[0221] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additional elements may be included in an amount of about 0.5% by weight or more (for example, about 1% by weight or more, about 2% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, about 40% by weight or more, about 45% by weight or more, about 50% by weight or more, about 55% by weight or more, about 60% by weight or more, about 65% by weight or more, about 70% by weight or more, about 75% by weight or more, about 80% by weight or more, about 85% by weight or more, or about 90% by weight or more). The additional elements may be in amounts of approximately 95% by weight or less (for example, approximately 90% by weight or less, approximately 85% by weight or less, approximately 80% by weight or less, approximately 75% by weight or less, approximately 70% by weight or less, approximately 65% ​​by weight or less, approximately 60% by weight or less, approximately 55% by weight or less, approximately 50% by weight or less, approximately 45% by weight or less, approximately 40% by weight or less, approximately 35% by weight or less, approximately 30% by weight or less, approximately 25% by weight or less, approximately 20% by weight or less, approximately 15% by weight or less, approximately 10% by weight or less, or approximately 5% by weight or less).

[0222] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product comprises an orally soluble polymer. As used herein, “orally soluble” means that the polymer significantly degrades when exposed to saliva in the oral cavity for more than about four hours. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally soluble polymer disintegrates when exposed to saliva at normal human body temperature for a period of about one hour or less (e.g., about 30 minutes or less, about 15 minutes or less, about 10 minutes or less, or about 5 minutes or less). The orally soluble polymer may be biocompatible.

[0223] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally soluble polymer is a cellulosic polymer (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and / or methylcellulose (MC)), a natural polymer (e.g., starch, modified starch, konjac, collagen, inulin, soy protein, whey protein, casein, and / or wheat gluten, etc.), a seaweed-derived polymer (e.g., carrageenan (e.g., kappa-carrageenan, iota-carrageenan, lambda-carrageenan), alginate ( For example, it may include propylene glycol alginate, etc., microbial polymers (e.g., xanthan gum, dextran, pullulan, curdlan, and / or guerlain), extracts (e.g., locust bean gum, guar gum, tara gum, tragacanth gum, pectin (e.g., low-methoxypectin and amidated pectin), agar, zein, karaya, gelatin, psyllium seed, chitin, and / or chitosan), exudates (e.g., acacia gum (gum arabic) and / or shellac), synthetic polymers (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and / or polyvinyl alcohol), or any combination thereof. Other useful orally soluble polymers are known in the art (see, for example, Krochta et al. Food Technology, 1997, 51:61-74; Glicksman Food Hydrocolloids CRC 1982; Krochta Edible Coatings and Films to Improve Food Quality Technomic 1994; Industrial Gums Academic 1993; Nussinovitch Water-Soluble Polymer Applications in Foods Blackwell Science 2003 (all of which are incorporated herein by reference)).

[0224] In at least one embodiment, the oral product comprises an orally stable polymer. As used herein, “orally stable” means that the polymer does not significantly dissolve or disintegrate when exposed to saliva at normal human body temperature (i.e., 98.6°F) for more than about one hour. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer is a biodegradable polymer configured to degrade over a period of several days, weeks, months, or years, but which does not degrade to a highly commendable degree when retained in the oral cavity and exposed to saliva for a period of about one hour. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer is stable in the oral cavity and is exposed to saliva at normal human body temperature for a period of about two hours or more (e.g., about six hours or more, about twelve hours or more, about one day or more, or about two days or more). Thus, an oral product comprising an orally stable polymer according to at least one exemplary embodiment is configured to remain intact when placed in the mouth of an adult consumer. After a certain period, the oral-stable polymer and other oral-stable elements can be removed from the mouth of the adult consumer and discarded.

[0225] Oral-stable polymers may possess biocompatibility and biostability. Oral-stable polymers can generally be considered safe by the appropriate regulatory body (e.g., the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)) and may comply with applicable food-contact regulations. In at least one exemplary embodiment, an oral-stable polymer has a flexural modulus of 5 MPa or greater, or optionally 10 MPa or greater, when tested at 23°C according to ASTM test method D790 or ISO 178.

[0226] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer may include polyurethane, silicone, polyester, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetheramide, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polybutyl acetate, butyl rubber, poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) (SEBS), poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) (SIS), any copolymer thereof, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer includes polyurethane. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer includes food-grade or medical-grade polymers, such as medical-grade polyurethane.

[0227] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer is a thermoplastic polymer. A thermoplastic polymer may be a thermoplastic elastomer. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally stable polymer includes a thermoplastic elastomer that meets the requirements of the FDA amended ISO 10993, Part 1, “Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices” test, performed with a human tissue contact time of 30 days or less. The orally stable polymer may have a Shore hardness of 50D or less, a melt flow index of 3g / 10min at 200°C / 10kg, a tensile strength of 10MPa or greater (using ISO 37), and / or an ultimate elongation of less than 100% (using ISO 37).

[0228] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product includes a plasticizer. The plasticizer may include triglycerides (e.g., long-chain, medium-chain, and / or short-chain), triacetin, propylene glycol, glycerin, vegetable oils, phthalates, esters of polycarboxylic acids with linear or branched aliphatic alcohols of moderate chain length, or any combination thereof. The plasticizer may be present in addition to the triglycerides and / or other oils in the liquid mixture.

[0229] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product includes a flavoring agent. The flavoring agent may be natural or artificial. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the flavoring agent may be a fruit flavoring (e.g., bergamot, berry, cherry, lemon, and / or orange), a liquor or liqueur flavoring (e.g., bourbon, cognac, scotch, whiskey, and / or Drambuie brand liqueur), a mint flavoring (e.g., Japanese mint, menthol, peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, and / or mint oil derived from Mentha species), a floral flavoring (e.g., geranium, lavender, and / or rose), a spice, a herb, or another plant or plant-derived flavoring (e.g., anise, Apium gravatum). Includes graveolens, caraway, cardamom, cascarilla, cassia, cinnamon, chamomile, clove, cocoa, coffee, coriander, fennel, ginger, jasmine, licorice, nutmeg, pimenta, sage, sandalwood, vanilla, and / or ylang-ylang), honey extract, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the flavoring agent includes bergamot, berries, cherries, lemons, oranges, bourbon, cognac, scotch, whiskey, Drambuie brand liqueurs, mint, menthol, peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, mint oil derived from Mentha species, geranium, lavender, rose, anise, Apium gravaolens, caraway, cardamom, cascarilla, cassia, cinnamon, chamomile, cloves, coffee, coriander, fennel, ginger, jasmine, licorice, nutmeg, pimenta, sage, sandalwood, vanilla, ylang-ylang, honey extract, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product includes an encapsulated flavoring agent.

[0230] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains a sweetener. The sweetener may include synthetic sweeteners and / or natural sweeteners. Natural sweeteners may include sugars such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and / or polysaccharides. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes natural sweeteners (including sucrose (i.e., table sugar), honey, mixtures of low molecular weight sugars other than sucrose, glucose (i.e., glucose, maize sugar, dextrose), molasses, maize sweeteners, glucose syrup (i.e., corn syrup), fructose (i.e., fruit sugar), lactose (i.e., milk sugar), maltose (i.e., maltose, maltobiose), sorghum syrup, concentrated fruit juice, or any combination thereof). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener contains a sugar alcohol. Sugar alcohols may include ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, treitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, fusitol, iditol, inositol, boremitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, maltotetraitol, polyglycitol, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes a non-nutrition sweetener containing stevia, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, or any combination thereof.

[0231] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains an orally soluble fiber. The orally soluble fiber may be configured to dissolve when exposed to saliva in the mouth of an adult tobacco user at normal human body temperature. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally soluble fiber includes maltodextrin, psyllium, starch, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally soluble fiber includes soluble dietary fiber. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains a partially soluble fiber, such as beet fiber.

[0232] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may include a stimulant. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the stimulant includes caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, or any combination thereof. The caffeine may include synthetic caffeine and / or natural caffeine (such as coffee bean extract caffeine). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains about 10 mg or more of caffeine (e.g., about 25 mg or more, about 50 mg or more, about 75 mg or more, about 100 mg or more, about 150 mg or more). The caffeine content may be about 200 mg or less (e.g., about 150 mg or less, about 100 mg or less, about 75 mg or less, about 50 mg or less, or about 25 mg or less).

[0233] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may contain a coloring agent. The coloring agent may be a natural coloring agent and / or an artificial coloring agent. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may not contain a coloring agent.

[0234] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product includes a filler. The filler may be configured to have a different texture or flexibility compared to an oral product without a filler. The filler may include orally soluble elements, or orally insoluble elements, or both. The orally soluble elements may be configured to dissolve or disintegrate when placed in the mouth of an adult consumer to make the oral product more flexible. The filler may include dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, clay, silica, glass particles, glyceryl palmitostearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, certain elements such as orally soluble fibers, sweeteners, minerals, or any combination thereof may also be classified as fillers. In at least one exemplary embodiment, cellulosic materials may be present in the oral product as fillers, in addition to being a carrier for a liquid mixture, or as an alternative thereto.

[0235] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is a chewing gum, a spray, a lozenge, a soluble tablet, an insoluble chew, a film, a gel, a capsule, or a pouch (e.g., containing fibers or granules). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains a liquid mixture directly. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product contains a liquid mixture absorbed into a carrier (e.g., a cellulosic material such as MCC).

[0236] Figure 14 is a perspective view of a pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0237] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may be a pouch product 4400, as shown in Figure 14. The pouch product may contain a liquid mixture absorbed by a carrier such as MCC and enclosed in a pouch. The pouch may be formed from a permeable fabric. Pouch product 4400 may be a pouch product as described in any of U.S. Patent No. 9,066,540 issued on 30 June 2015, U.S. Patent No. 8,978,661 issued on 17 March 2015, U.S. Patent No. 10,039,309 issued on 7 August 2018, U.S. Patent No. 9,414,624 issued on 16 August 2016, U.S. Patent No. 9,693,582 issued on 4 July 2017, or U.S. Patent No. 9,462,827 issued on 11 October 2016 (each of which is incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety), and may further be a pouch product containing such liquid mixture as a substitute for or in addition to tobacco and / or nicotine.

[0238] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is a mouth spray. The mouth spray comprises a liquid mixture. The mouth spray may further comprise a liquid carrier. The liquid carrier may comprise water, propylene glycol, glycerin, ethanol, or any combination thereof.

[0239] Figure 15 is a perspective view of a soluble film according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0240] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may be a soluble film 4500. The soluble film 4500 may be a film such as that described in U.S. Patent No. 8,469,036 issued on June 25, 2013 (the full contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference), and may further be a film containing the above-described liquid mixture as a substitute for or in addition to tobacco.

[0241] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product includes chewing gum. The chewing gum includes a gum base and a liquid mixture. In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the liquid mixture is absorbed by a carrier such as MCC.

[0242] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum base comprises an elastomer, a resin, a wax, a fat, an emulsifier, a filler, an antioxidant, or any combination thereof. The elastomer may include, for example, couma macrocarpa, loquat, tunu, jelutong, chicle, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, or any combination thereof. The resin may include, for example, a glycerol ester of gum, a terpene resin, polyvinyl acetate, or any combination thereof. The wax may include, for example, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, or both paraffin and microcrystalline wax. The fat may include, for example, hydrogenated vegetable oil. The emulsifier may include, for example, lecithin, glyceryl monostearate, or a combination of lecithin and glyceryl monostearate. The filler may include, for example, calcium carbonate, talc, or both calcium carbonate and talc. Antioxidants may include, for example, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum base includes natural latex, vegetable gum (e.g., chicle), spruce gum, mastic gum, or any combination thereof.

[0243] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is a lozenge. The lozenge may comprise a solid solution and a liquid mixture. The solid solution may comprise soluble fibers and sugar alcohols as described above. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the solid solution comprises isomalt. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the liquid mixture is absorbed into a carrier (e.g., MCC). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the lozenge comprises the liquid mixture directly without a carrier. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the lozenge may be a lozenge as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,351,936 issued May 31, 2016 (the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference), and may further comprise the liquid mixture as described above, either as or in addition to nicotine.

[0244] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is a soluble tablet. The soluble tablet may comprise an orally soluble polymer as described above and a liquid mixture (optionally absorbed by a carrier). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the soluble tablet may be a tablet (or tablet(tab)) as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 505,814 filed 3 October 2014, U.S. Patent No. 9,930,909 issued 3 April 2018, or U.S. Patent No. 8,469,036 issued 25 June 2013 (the entire contents of each of these are incorporated herein by this reference), and may be a tablet (or tablet) further comprising the liquid mixture as described above, as a substitute for or in addition to tobacco.

[0245] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product is an insoluble chu. The insoluble chu may comprise an oral-stable polymer as described above and a liquid mixture (optionally absorbed by a carrier). The insoluble chu may be a chu as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,854,831 issued 2 January 2018, U.S. Patent No. 10,098,376 issued 16 October 2018, U.S. Patent No. 9,420,827 issued 23 August 2016, or U.S. Patent No. 9,185,931 issued 17 November 2015 (the entire contents of each of these are incorporated herein by this reference), and may further comprise a chu as a substitute for tobacco, or in addition to tobacco, a chu containing the liquid mixture described above.

[0246] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may be a gel. The gel may be a gel such as that described in U.S. Patent No. 8,469,036 issued June 25, 2013 (the full contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference), and may further contain such liquid mixture as a substitute for or in addition to tobacco.

[0247] An oral product according to at least one exemplary embodiment may be manufactured to have a variety of different sizes and shapes (as described in more detail below and shown in Figures 16A to 17). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the size and / or shape of the oral product facilitates the desired positioning of the oral product in the mouth and / or package. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may have dimensions ranging from about 0.25 mm to about 30 mm (e.g., about 0.25 mm to about 1 mm, about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 25 mm, about 5 mm to about 10 mm, about 10 mm to about 15 mm, about 15 mm to about 20 mm, about 20 mm to about 30 mm, about 20 mm to about 25 mm, or about 25 mm to about 30 mm). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product has a first dimension (e.g., minimum dimension or thickness) ranging from about 0.25 mm to about 10 mm (e.g., about 2.5 mm). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product has maximum dimensions (e.g., diameter, height, or width) ranging from about 5 mm to about 25 mm (e.g., about 12 mm). The oral product may have a weight ranging from about 1 g to about 10 g (e.g., about 1 g to about 5 g, about 2 g to about 4 g, or about 5 g to about 10 g).

[0248] In at least one exemplary embodiment, oral products such as chewing gum, soluble tablets, chewable tablets, and / or gels may have a defined thickness and a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to that thickness. As used herein, “thickness” refers to the minimum dimension of the oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may have a substantially uniform thickness. Figures 16A to 16G show oral products having different cross-sectional shapes according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0249] Figure 16A is a perspective view of an oral product having a circular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0250] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an oral product 4600A is provided as shown in Figure 16A. The oral product 4600A may have a circular cross-section. Although not shown, the oral product 4600A may have rounded edges.

[0251] Figure 16B is a perspective view of an oral product having an oval cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0252] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an oral product 4600B is provided as shown in Figure 16B. The oral product 4600B may have a substantially oval cross-section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the substantially oval cross-section is a substantially elliptical cross-section. Although not shown, the oral product 4600B may have rounded edges.

[0253] Figure 16C is a perspective view of an oral product having a rectangular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0254] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an oral product 4600C is provided as shown in Figure 16C. The oral product 4600C may have a substantially rectangular cross-section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the substantially rectangular cross-section is substantially square. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the rectangular cross-section may have rounded corners. Although not shown, the oral product 4600C may have rounded edges.

[0255] Figure 16D is a perspective view of an oral product having an elongated rectangular cross-section, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0256] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an oral product 4600D is provided as shown in Figure 16D. The oral product 4600D may have an elongated rectangular cross-section. The elongated rectangular cross-section may have rounded corners. Although not shown, the oral product 4600D may have rounded ends.

[0257] Figure 16E is a perspective view of an oral care product having a lens-shaped or football-shaped cross-section, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0258] In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16E, an oral care product 4600E is provided. The oral care product 4600E may have a lens-shaped cross-section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the lens-shaped cross-section may have rounded corners. Although not shown, the oral care product 4600E may have rounded ends.

[0259] Figure 16F is a perspective view of an oral care product having a boomerang-shaped cross-section, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0260] In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16F, an oral care product 4600F is provided. The oral care product 4600F may have a boomerang-shaped cross-section. The boomerang-shaped cross-section may have rounded corners. Although not shown, the oral care product 4600F may have rounded ends.

[0261] Figure 16G is a perspective view of an oral care product having a shield-shaped cross-section, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0262] [[ID=​​​​In at least one other exemplary embodiment, the oral product defines a different shape. For example, the oral product may have a semicircular cross-sectional shape, a comma-shaped cross-sectional shape, a bow tie-shaped cross-sectional shape, or a bean / kidney-shaped cross-sectional shape.

[0264] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may have a non-uniform thickness (e.g., a pillow shape). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product does not have a single minimum dimension, such as when the oral product has a spherical or cubic shape. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product defines another three-dimensional shape.

[0265] Figure 17 is a perspective view of an oral product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0266] In at least one exemplary embodiment, an oral product 4700 is provided as shown in Figure 17. The oral product 4700 may have a wedge shape with rounded ends. The rounded ends may be to avoid sharp corners that may cause discomfort when placed in the mouth of an adult consumer. In at least one other exemplary embodiment, the oral product may have a hemispherical, semi-cylindrical, twisted, spiral, cushion / pillow, rod, or pebble shape.

[0267] At least one exemplary embodiment relates to a method for increasing the absorption of nicotine from the cheek in an oral product. The method may include the steps of preparing a liquid mixture as described above, and incorporating the liquid mixture into an oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method includes the step of preparing a liquid mixture before incorporating it into an oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the step of allowing the liquid mixture to be absorbed into a carrier before incorporating it into an oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the step of forming an oral product.

[0268] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the step of preparing the liquid mixture includes dissolving liquid nicotine in a triglyceride such as MCT. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is in the form of a free base. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine is in the range of about 1:1 to about 9:1.

[0269] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the step of absorbing a liquid mixture into a carrier may include the step of mixing the liquid mixture with the carrier. The method may include the step of equilibrating the liquid mixture with the carrier for a desired (or alternative, predetermined) period of time before incorporating it into an oral product.

[0270] The incorporation step may include incorporating the liquid mixture into any of the oral products described herein, such as chewing gum, spray, lozenge, soluble tablet, insoluble chew, film, gel, capsule, or pouch (e.g., containing fiber or granules). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step includes combining the liquid mixture and an optional carrier with one or more additional elements described herein. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may be formed simultaneously with the incorporation of the liquid mixture. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may be formed before the incorporation of the liquid mixture, for example, by forming a tablet and allowing the formed tablet to absorb the liquid mixture.

[0271] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step includes adding a carrier, such as a cellulose-based material that has absorbed the liquid mixture, to a gum base to form chewing gum. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step includes combining the liquid mixture with soluble fibers and sugar alcohols to form a lozenge. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step includes mixing the liquid mixture with a carrier liquid to form an oral spray product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step includes mixing the liquid mixture with an orally soluble polymer to form a soluble oral product. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the incorporation step includes combining the liquid mixture with an orally stable polymer to form a chewable oral product.

[0272] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the nicotine remains dissolved in the triglyceride during and after the incorporation step. All of the nicotine may remain dissolved in the triglyceride during and after the incorporation step. In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the nicotine remains in the form of a free base during and after the incorporation step. <Sustained-release chewing gum>

[0273] Figure 18 is a perspective view of chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0274] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure provides a controlled-release nicotine chewing gum 5100. The chewing gum 5100 comprises a gum base polymer, an oil or fat, and nicotine or a nicotine derivative. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum base polymer comprises polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and the oil or fat comprises a triglyceride.

[0275] In at least one exemplary embodiment, a gum-based polymer such as PVA is present in a higher amount compared to a typical gum-based polymer (e.g., a gum-based polymer containing a sugar alcohol and a filler such as calcium carbonate and / or talc in more than 10% by weight), as described in more detail below. Increasing the amount of gum-based polymer may promote the sustained release of nicotine. For example, the rate of nicotine release may decrease as the amount of gum-based polymer increases.

[0276] In at least one exemplary embodiment, less than 95% by weight of nicotine is released from the chewing gum after an adult tobacco consumer chews it for about 10 minutes (e.g., less than 90% by weight of nicotine, less than 85% by weight of nicotine, or less than 80% by weight of nicotine). In at least one exemplary embodiment, an amount of nicotine ranging from about 75% by weight to about 90% by weight is released from the oral product after an adult tobacco consumer chews it for about 10 minutes.

[0277] In at least one exemplary embodiment, fats and oils (which may be a mixture of fats and oils) may be present in higher amounts compared to typical chewing gum. The amount of fats and oils may be selected to achieve the desired texture and / or flexibility of the chewing gum. More specifically, the flexibility of the chewing gum may increase as the amount of fats and oils increases. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the fats and oils include triglycerides, triacetins, and flavor fats and oils, as described in more detail below.

[0278] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 is of a size and shape that can be entirely accepted in the oral cavity of an adult tobacco consumer. The chewing gum 5100 may or may not be coated as shown (as illustrated in Figure 21). Coated chewing gum may include a body and a coating that partially or completely surrounds the body. The weight percentages of chewing gum as described herein refer to the body of either uncoated or coated chewing gum.

[0279] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum-based polymer comprises a resin, an elastomer, or any combination thereof. Resins may include, for example, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), glycerol esters of gum, terpene resins, or any combination thereof. Elastomers may include, for example, couma macrocarpa, loquat, chunu, jeltong, chicle, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum-based polymer comprises natural latex, plant gum (e.g., chicle), spruce gum, mastic gum, or any combination thereof. The gum-based polymer may comprise a single polymer or a combination of polymers. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum-based polymer consists essentially of PVA.

[0280] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the amount of the gum base polymer in chewing gum 5100 (i.e., uncoated chewing gum or the body of coated chewing gum) is at least about 30% by weight of the chewing gum 5100. For example, chewing gum 5100 may include an amount of gum base polymer of about 35% by weight or more (e.g., about 40% by weight or more, about 45% by weight or more, about 50% by weight or more, or about 55% by weight or more). Chewing gum 5100 may include an amount of chewing gum polymer of about 60% by weight or less (e.g., about 55% by weight or less, about 50% by weight or less, about 45% by weight or less, or about 40% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum base polymer is included in an amount in the range of about 35% to about 55% by weight of the chewing gum 5100 (e.g., about 40% to about 50% by weight, about 43% to about 47% by weight, about 44% to about 46% by weight, or about 45% by weight).

[0281] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum base polymer includes PVA. The amount of PVA in chewing gum 5100 (i.e., uncoated chewing gum or the body of coated chewing gum) can be at least about 30% by weight of the chewing gum 5100. For example, chewing gum 5100 may include an amount of PVA of about 35% by weight or more (e.g., about 40% by weight or more, about 45% by weight or more, about 50% by weight or more, or about 55% by weight or more). Chewing gum 5100 may include an amount of PVA of about 60% by weight or less (e.g., about 55% by weight or less, about 50% by weight or less, about 45% by weight or less, or about 40% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, PVA is included in an amount in the range of about 35% to about 55% by weight of the chewing gum 5100 (e.g., about 40% to about 50% by weight, about 43% to about 47% by weight, about 44% to about 46% by weight, or about 45% by weight).

[0282] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 further comprises a polysaccharide to facilitate the sustained release of nicotine or a nicotine derivative. The polysaccharide facilitates the sustained release of nicotine by reducing the dissolution rate and the corresponding nicotine release. The polysaccharide may include xanthan gum, guar gum, pullulan, locust bean gum, or any combination thereof. The chewing gum 5100 may contain an amount of about 0.01% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.05% by weight or more, about 0.1% by weight or more, about 0.2% by weight or more, about 0.5% by weight or more, about 1% by weight or more, about 2% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, or about 4% by weight or more) of the polysaccharide. Chewing gum 5100 may contain polysaccharides in an amount of approximately 5% by weight or less (for example, approximately 4% by weight or less, approximately 3% by weight or less, approximately 2% by weight or less, approximately 1% by weight or less, approximately 0.5% by weight or less, approximately 0.5% by weight or less, approximately 0.2% by weight or less, or approximately 0.05% by weight or less). Chewing gum 5100 may contain polysaccharides in an amount ranging from 0.2% by weight to 1% by weight.

[0283] As described above, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 further comprises fats and oils. The fats and oils may be a mixture of fats and oils. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the fats and oils comprise a plasticizer, a flavor fat or oil, or both a plasticizer and a flavor fat or oil.

[0284] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 (i.e., the body of the uncoated or coated chewing gum) contains about 5% by weight or more (e.g., about 8% by weight or more, about 9% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 11% by weight or more, about 12% by weight or more, about 13% by weight or more, or about 15% by weight or more). The chewing gum 5100 may contain about 20% by weight or less (e.g., about 15% by weight or less, about 14% by weight or less, about 13% by weight or less, about 12% by weight or less, about 11% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, or about 8% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains an amount of fat ranging from about 8% by weight to about 16% by weight (e.g., about 10% by weight to about 14% by weight, about 11% by weight to about 13% by weight, or about 12% by weight).

[0285] The plasticizer may include triglycerides (e.g., long-chain, medium-chain, and / or short-chain), triacetin, propylene glycol, glycerin, vegetable oil, phthalate esters, esters of polycarboxylic acids with linear or branched aliphatic alcohols of moderate chain length, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5100 contains long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), or triglycerides containing both LCTs and MCTs. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the plasticizer contains a triglyceride and another different plasticizer. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the plasticizer contains a triglyceride and triacetin. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the plasticizer contains MCTs and triacetin.

[0286] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 (i.e., the body of the uncoated or coated chewing gum) contains about 4% by weight or more (e.g., about 5% by weight or more, about 6% by weight or more, about 7% by weight or more, or about 8% by weight or more) of triglycerides (e.g., MCT). The chewing gum 5100 may contain about 12% by weight or less (e.g., about 10% by weight or less, about 8% by weight or less, about 7% by weight or less, about 6% by weight or less, or about 5% by weight or less) of triglycerides. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains triglycerides in an amount ranging from about 4% by weight to about 8% by weight (e.g., about 4% by weight to about 7% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 6% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 7% by weight, or about 5% by weight to about 6% by weight).

[0287] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 (i.e., the body of an uncoated chewing gum or a coated chewing gum) contains about 1% by weight or more (e.g., about 2% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, about 4% by weight or more, or about 5% by weight or more) of triacetin. The chewing gum 5100 may contain about 7% by weight or less (e.g., about 5% by weight or less, about 4% by weight or less, about 3% by weight or less, or about 2% by weight or less) of triacetin. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains an amount of triacetin ranging from about 1% by weight to about 4% by weight (e.g., about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight, about 2% by weight to about 4% by weight, or about 2% by weight to about 3% by weight).

[0288] As described above, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the oil further comprises a flavored oil. The flavored oil may be a flavoring agent or may contain a flavoring agent. The flavoring agent may be natural or artificial. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the flavoring agent may be a fruit flavoring (e.g., bergamot, berry, cherry, lemon, and / or orange), a liquor or liqueur flavoring (e.g., bourbon, cognac, scotch, whiskey, and / or Drambuie brand liqueur), a mint flavoring (e.g., Japanese mint, menthol, peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, and / or mint oil derived from species of the genus Mentha), a floral flavoring (e.g., geranium, lavender, and / or rose), a spice, a herb, or another plant or plant-derived flavoring (e.g., anise, Apium gravaolens). Includes graveolens, caraway, cardamom, cascarilla, cassia, cinnamon, chamomile, clove, cocoa, coffee, coriander, fennel, ginger, jasmine, licorice, nutmeg, pimenta, sage, sandalwood, vanilla, and / or ylang-ylang), honey extract, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the flavoring agent includes bergamot, berries, cherries, lemons, oranges, bourbon, cognac, scotch, whiskey, Drambuie brand liqueurs, mint, menthol, peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, mint oil derived from Mentha species, geranium, lavender, rose, anise, Apium gravaolens, caraway, cardamom, cascarilla, cassia, cinnamon, chamomile, cloves, coffee, coriander, fennel, ginger, jasmine, licorice, nutmeg, pimenta, sage, sandalwood, vanilla, ylang-ylang, honey extract, or any combination thereof.

[0289] In at least one exemplary embodiment, a flavoring agent (e.g., spearmint oil and / or peppermint oil) or another component of the flavor oil (e.g., propylene glycol, MCT, and / or triacetin in the complex flavor compound) may act as a plasticizer.

[0290] In at least one exemplary embodiment, in addition to the flavoring agent being present as a flavor oil, or instead of the flavoring agent being present as a flavor oil, the chewing gum 5100 may include a non-fat-based flavoring agent. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 includes an encapsulated flavor oil and / or an encapsulated non-fat-based flavoring agent. The non-fat-based flavoring agent, the encapsulated flavoring agent, and the flavor oil are not considered part of the oil containing nicotine and triglycerides.

[0291] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains about 0.001% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.01% by weight or more, about 0.1% by weight or more, about 1% by weight or more, about 2% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, about 4% by weight or more, or about 5% by weight or more) of flavor oil. The chewing gum 5100 may contain about 10% by weight or less (e.g., about 7% by weight or less, about 5% by weight or less, about 4% by weight or less, about 3% by weight or less, about 2% by weight or less, about 1% by weight or less, about 0.1% by weight or less, or about 0.01% by weight or less) of flavor oil. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains an amount of flavor oil ranging from about 0.001% by weight to about 6% by weight (e.g., about 1% to about 6% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1% to about 3% by weight, about 2% to about 5% by weight, about 2% to about 4% by weight, about 3% to about 6% by weight, or about 3% to about 4% by weight). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oil does not contain flavor oil. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum does not contain flavoring agents.

[0292] As described above, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains nicotine or a nicotine derivative (e.g., a nicotine complex (e.g., nicotine polarilex) or a nicotine salt (e.g., nitrate, monotartrate, ditartrate, ditartrate dihydrate, salicylate, sulfate or disulfate, phosphate or superphosphate, acetate, lactate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, or any combination thereof)). The nicotine or nicotine derivative may include tobacco-derived nicotine, synthetic nicotine, or both tobacco-derived nicotine and synthetic nicotine. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains liquid nicotine.

[0293] In at least one exemplary embodiment, tobacco-derived nicotine may comprise nicotine and one or more additional organoleptic elements. In at least one exemplary embodiment, tobacco-derived nicotine may be extracted from raw (e.g., green leaf) tobacco and / or processed tobacco. Processed tobacco may include not only products obtained from whole leaf stemming operations, but also fermented and unfermented tobacco, dark air-cured, dark fire-cured, burley, flue-cured, and cigar fillers or wrappers. Tobacco may also be modified by heating, leaching, and / or pasteurization processes. Fermentation, for example, is typically characterized by a high initial moisture content, exothermic reaction, and a dry weight loss of about 10% to about 20% by weight. By processing tobacco before extracting nicotine and other organoleptic elements, tobacco-derived nicotine may comprise components that provide a desirable experience. In at least one exemplary embodiment, tobacco-derived nicotine may be obtained by mixing dried and fermented tobacco with water and / or another solvent (e.g., ethanol), and then removing insoluble tobacco material. The tobacco extract may be further concentrated or purified. In at least one exemplary embodiment, selected tobacco material may be removed from the tobacco extract.

[0294] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains more than about 0.1 mg (e.g., more than about 1 mg, more than about 2 mg, more than about 4 mg, more than about 6 mg, more than about 8 mg, more than about 10 mg, or more than about 12 mg) of nicotine or a nicotine derivative. The chewing gum 5100 may contain an amount of nicotine or a nicotine derivative of about 14 mg or less (e.g., more than about 12 mg, less than about 10 mg, less than about 8 mg, less than about 6 mg, less than about 4 mg, less than about 2 mg, or less) of nicotine or a nicotine derivative. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 contains an amount of nicotine or a nicotine derivative ranging from about 3 mg to about 8 mg.

[0295] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 further comprises additives. The additives may include sweeteners, oral soluble fibers, insoluble cellulosic materials, antioxidants, stimulants, sedatives, concentration agents, alkaloids, minerals, vitamins, nutritional supplements, functional foods, colorants, amino acids, chemosensory agents, food emulsifiers, pH adjusters, plants (e.g., green tea), teeth whitening agents (e.g., sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)), therapeutic agents, processing aids, stearates (e.g., magnesium and / or potassium), waxes (e.g., glyceryl monostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, and / or acetylated monoglycerides), stabilizers (e.g., ascorbic acid and monosterol citrate, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), or butylhydroxyanisole (BHA)), lubricants (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), preservatives (e.g., sodium benzoate), or any combination thereof. An additive may include multiple additives. Furthermore, a single additive may belong to multiple of the categories mentioned above.

[0296] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive may be included in an amount of about 0.001% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.005% by weight or more, about 0.01% by weight or more, about 0.05% by weight or more, about 0.1% by weight or more, about 0.5% by weight or more, about 1% by weight or more, about 2% by weight or more, about 5% by weight or more, about 10% by weight or more, about 15% by weight or more, about 20% by weight or more, about 25% by weight or more, about 30% by weight or more, about 35% by weight or more, about 40% by weight or more). Additives may be included in amounts of approximately 65% ​​by weight or less (for example, approximately 60% by weight or less, approximately 55% by weight or less, approximately 50% by weight or less, approximately 45% by weight or less, approximately 40% by weight or less, approximately 35% by weight or less, approximately 30% by weight or less, approximately 25% by weight or less, approximately 20% by weight or less, approximately 15% by weight or less, approximately 10% by weight or less, approximately 5% by weight or less, approximately 1% by weight or less, approximately 0.5% by weight or less, approximately 0.1% by weight or less, or approximately 0.01% by weight or less).

[0297] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive includes a sweetener. The sweetener may include synthetic sweeteners and / or natural sweeteners. Natural sweeteners may include sugars such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and / or polysaccharides. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes natural sweeteners (including sucrose (i.e., table sugar), honey, mixtures of low molecular weight sugars other than sucrose, glucose (i.e., glucose, maize sugar, dextrose), molasses, maize sweeteners, glucose syrup (i.e., corn syrup), fructose (i.e., fruit sugar), lactose (i.e., milk sugar), maltose (i.e., maltose, maltobiose), sorghum syrup, concentrated fruit juice, or any combination thereof). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes a sugar alcohol. Sugar alcohols may include ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, treitol, arabitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, fusitol, iditol, inositol, boremitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, maltotetraitol, polyglycitol, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sweetener includes a non-nutrition sweetener containing stevia, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, or any combination thereof.

[0298] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive contains an orally soluble fiber. The orally soluble fiber may be configured to dissolve in the mouth of an adult tobacco consumer when exposed to saliva at normal human body temperature. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally soluble fiber includes maltodextrin, psyllium, starch, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the orally soluble fiber includes soluble dietary fiber. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive contains a partially soluble fiber, such as beet fiber.

[0299] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive comprises a cellulosic material that is insoluble in the mouth. The cellulosic material comprises or may be derived from sugar beet, wood pulp, cotton, bran, citrus pulp, grass (e.g., switchgrass), willow, poplar, or any combination thereof. The insoluble cellulosic material may be a treated cellulosic material such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the cellulosic material comprises a cellulosic fiber that is insoluble in the mouth.

[0300] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive may include a stimulant. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the stimulant may include caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, or any combination thereof. The caffeine may include synthetic caffeine and / or natural caffeine (such as coffee bean extract caffeine). In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5100 contains about 10 mg or more of caffeine (e.g., about 25 mg or more, about 50 mg or more, about 75 mg or more, about 100 mg or more, about 150 mg or more). The caffeine content may be about 200 mg or less (e.g., about 150 mg or less, about 100 mg or less, about 75 mg or less, about 50 mg or less, or about 25 mg or less).

[0301] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive may include a sedative. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the sedative includes theanine, melatonin, or both theanine and melatonin.

[0302] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive may include a concentrating agent. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the concentrating agent includes ginkgo biloba.

[0303] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive may include a colorant. The colorant may be a natural colorant and / or an artificial colorant. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 does not contain a colorant. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 is white or off-white in color.

[0304] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the additive may include a pH adjuster. The pH adjuster may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, or any combination thereof. The pH adjuster may be present in an amount of about 0.01% by weight or more (e.g., about 0.05% by weight or more, about 0.1% by weight or more, about 0.5% by weight or more, or about 1% by weight or more). The pH adjuster may be present in an amount of about 2% by weight or less (e.g., about 1% by weight or less, about 0.5% by weight or less, about 0.1% by weight or less, or about 0.05% by weight or less). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the pH adjuster is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 2% by weight. In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5100 does not contain a pH adjuster.

[0305] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 includes a filler. A filler can generally be described as an element that does not undergo physical change before or after mixing. Certain additives mentioned above, such as insoluble fibers in the mouth, may be classified as fillers. The filler may additionally or alternatively include dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, clay, silica, glass particles, glyceryl palmitostearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the filler may include insoluble fibers in the mouth, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, clay, silica, glass particles, glyceryl palmitostearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, or any combination thereof.

[0306] The chewing gum 5100 may contain a filler in an amount of 20% by weight or less (for example, 15% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 9% by weight or less, 8% by weight or less, 7% by weight or less, 6% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, 4% by weight or less, 3% by weight or less, 2% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less). The chewing gum 5100 may contain a filler in an amount of about 0% by weight or more (for example, about 1% by weight or more, about 2% by weight or more, about 3% by weight or more, about 4% by weight or more, or about 5% by weight or more). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the filler may be included in an amount ranging from about 0% by weight to about 8% by weight.

[0307] In the exemplary embodiments shown, the chewing gum 5100 has a uniform unit structure. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum has two or more layers. The layers may be separable or inseparable. The layers may have different compositions. For example, the layers may have different flavors, amounts of nicotine or nicotine derivatives (including no nicotine or nicotine derivatives), texture and / or flexibility, and may be configured to have different nicotine release rates. In at least one exemplary embodiment, in order to achieve layers with different textures or release rates, the layers may have different amounts of chewing gum polymer (e.g., PVA), polysaccharides, and / or fats and oils (e.g., MCT and / or triacetin).

[0308] Chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment may be manufactured to have a variety of different sizes and shapes (as described in more detail below and as shown in Figures 18 to 21). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the size and / or shape of the chewing gum product facilitates the desired positioning of the chewing gum in the mouth and / or within the package. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 may have dimensions ranging from about 1 mm to about 25 mm (e.g., about 1 mm to about 10 mm, about 1 mm to about 5 mm, about 5 mm to about 25 mm, about 5 mm to about 10 mm, about 10 mm to about 15 mm, about 15 mm to about 20 mm, or about 20 mm to about 25 mm). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 has a first dimension (e.g., minimum dimension or thickness) ranging from about 1 mm to about 10 mm (e.g., about 2.5 mm). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum 5100 has maximum dimensions (e.g., diameter, height, or width) in the range of about 5 mm to about 25 mm (e.g., about 12 mm). The chewing gum 5100 may have a weight in the range of about 1 g to about 10 g (e.g., about 1 g to about 5 g, about 2 g to about 4 g, or about 5 g to about 10 g).

[0309] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum can have a defined thickness and a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to that thickness. In this specification, “thickness” refers to the minimum dimension of the chewing gum. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum may have a substantially uniform thickness. Although not shown, any of the chewing gums described herein may have rounded ends. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum is substantially disc-shaped (for example, chewing gum 5100 in Figure 18 has a substantially circular cross-section perpendicular to its thickness). Figures 19A to 19F show chewing gum having other cross-sectional shapes according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0310] Figure 19A is a perspective view of chewing gum having an oval cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0311] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200A is provided. Chewing gum 5200A may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5200A has a substantially oval cross-section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the substantially oval cross-section is a substantially elliptical cross-section.

[0312] Figure 19B is a perspective view of chewing gum having a rectangular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0313] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200B is provided. Chewing gum 5200B may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5200B has a substantially rectangular cross-section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the substantially rectangular cross-section is a substantially square cross-section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the rectangular cross-section may have rounded corners.

[0314] Figure 19C is a perspective view of chewing gum having an elongated rectangular cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0315] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200C is provided. Chewing gum 5200C may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5200C has an elongated rectangular cross-section. The elongated rectangular cross-section may have rounded corners.

[0316] Figure 19D is a perspective view of chewing gum having a lens-shaped or football-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0317] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200D is provided. Chewing gum 5200D may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5200D has a lens-shaped cross section. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the lens-shaped cross section may have rounded corners.

[0318] Figure 19E is a perspective view of chewing gum having a boomerang-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0319] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200E is provided. Chewing gum 5200E may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5200E has a boomerang-shaped cross section. The boomerang-shaped cross section may have rounded corners.

[0320] Figure 19F is a perspective view of chewing gum having a shield-shaped cross-section according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0321] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200F is provided. Chewing gum 5200F may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5200F has a shield cross-section. The cross-section may be symmetric with respect to a plane passing through the center. In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5200F has three rounded corners. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum has a triangular cross-section.

[0322] In at least one other exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum defines a different shape. For example, the chewing gum may have a semicircular cross-sectional shape, a comma-shaped cross-sectional shape, a bow tie-shaped cross-sectional shape, or a bean / kidney-shaped cross-sectional shape.

[0323] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum may have an uneven thickness (e.g., a pillow shape). In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum does not have a single minimum dimension, such as when the chewing gum has a spherical or cubic shape. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum defines another three-dimensional shape.

[0324] Figure 20 is a perspective view of chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0325] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5300 is provided. Chewing gum 5300 may be the same as chewing gum 5100, except that chewing gum 5300 has a wedge shape with rounded ends. The rounded ends may be to avoid sharp edges that may cause discomfort when placed in the mouth. In at least one other exemplary embodiment, chewing gum may have a hemispherical, semi-cylindrical, twisted, spiral, cushion / pillow, stick, or pebble shape.

[0326] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of a coated chewing gum according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0327] In at least one exemplary embodiment, chewing gum 5400 is provided. The chewing gum 5400 may have any shape as described above and shown in Figures 18 to 20. The chewing gum 5400 has a body 5402 and a coating 5404 on the outer surface 5406 of the body 5402. The coating 5404 may cover the entire outer surface 5406 or a portion of the outer surface 5406, as shown.

[0328] In at least one exemplary embodiment, coating 5404 may include any of the additives described above. In at least one exemplary embodiment, coating 5404 may include an orally soluble polymer and one or more additional additives. In at least one exemplary embodiment, coating 5404 may be configured to provide nicotine or a nicotine derivative and / or additive (e.g., a flavoring agent and / or sweetener) over a period of time different from that of body 5402. For example, coating 5404 may be configured to provide an initial burst of nicotine or an additive. The flavoring agent and / or sweetener may be the same as or different from the flavoring agent and / or sweetener in body 5402.

[0329] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the coating is in the form of flavor strips uniformly or non-uniformly patterned on the body. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the coating comprises flavoring agents and / or sweeteners on the external surface of the body, which may be an addition or replacement for flavoring agents (e.g., flavor oils) and / or sweeteners within the body.

[0330] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum may include functional and / or decorative markings. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the markings include trademarks, product names, images, flavor indications, decorations, dates, product identifiers, manufacturer identifiers, lot numbers, or any combination thereof. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the markings are embossed or debossed on the surface of the chewing gum. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the markings are in the form of a soluble film on the surface of the chewing gum.

[0331] At least one exemplary embodiment relates to a method for preparing sustained-release nicotine chewing gum. The method comprises the steps of providing a gum base polymer, an oil or fat, and nicotine or a nicotine derivative. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the gum base polymer comprises PVA, and the oil or fat comprises a triglyceride. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the triglyceride comprises a medium-chain triglyceride. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises the step of providing a flavor oil or fat, polysaccharide, additive, and / or filler as described above.

[0332] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the step of providing a gum-based polymer includes the step of providing a sufficient amount of gum-based polymer to achieve a desired nicotine release rate. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the step of determining the amount of gum-based polymer based on a desired nicotine release rate. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes the step of adjusting the amount of gum-based polymer based on a desired nicotine release rate.

[0333] The gum base polymer may be configured to reduce the rate of nicotine release, such as by promoting a reduction in the rate of nicotine release through an increase in the amount of gum base polymer. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing an amount of gum base polymer ranging from about 35% to about 55% by weight of the total weight of the chewing gum (i.e., the total weight of the uncoated chewing gum, or the weight of the body of the coated chewing gum).

[0334] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the step of providing fats and oils includes providing a sufficient amount of fats and oils to achieve a desired texture and / or flexibility. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method may further include a step of determining the amount of fats and oils based on the desired flexibility. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method may further include a step of adjusting the amount of fats and oils based on the desired softness.

[0335] The oils and fats may be configured to improve the flexibility of the chewing gum, thereby promoting the improvement in flexibility of the chewing gum by increasing the amount of oils and fats. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method comprises the step of providing an amount of oils and fats of about 8% by weight or more of the total weight of the chewing gum.

[0336] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method further comprises the step of forming chewing gum from a gum base polymer, fats and oils, nicotine or a nicotine derivative, and optionally selected flavor fats and oils, polysaccharides, additives, and / or fillers.

[0337] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the chewing gum is formed in a batch process. The batch process may include a step of heating a stirrer to a temperature in the range of about 30°C to about 90°C (e.g., about 60°C). During mixing, the gum base is added to the heated mixture together with a plasticizer and melted. Additional elements such as nicotine, fats and oils, sugar alcohols, fillers, flavors, sweeteners, and / or other elements described above are added to the heated mixture. The elements may be added together, in multiple steps, in the order listed, or in different orders. The dough is formed and kneaded in a heated stirrer to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed throughout the dough. The dough is discharged and, after cooling, is sheeted and cut or otherwise portioned. In at least one exemplary embodiment, alternative techniques for forming chewing gum include extrusion and / or sheet extrusion by a rotary cutter and rolling and scoring operations.

[0338] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the method may further include a step of coating chewing gum. The step of coating chewing gum may include a step of bread-coating individual pieces with sugar, sugar alcohol, and / or other elements, as described above. <Example>

[0339] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the uncoated sustained-release nicotine chewing gum comprises a gum-based polymer containing 45% by weight of PVA. The chewing gum comprises 12% by weight of fats and oils. The fats and oils comprise 5.8% by weight of MCT, 2.5% by weight of triacetin, and a balance of flavor fats and oils. The chewing gum further comprises 6% by weight of a filler. The filler comprises insoluble fibers in the mouth. The chewing gum further comprises a filler containing a pH adjuster, an antioxidant, and a sugar alcohol.

[0340] This disclosure provides a method for enhancing the flavor and / or sensory effects of nicotine in oral products such as gums, sprays, lozenges, soluble tablets, insoluble chews, films, gels, capsules, and pouches (e.g., containing fibers or granules). In at least one exemplary embodiment, nicotine powder is formed, which is achieved by a spray-drying step. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the nicotine may be encapsulated. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the nicotine powder formed using the spray-drying step may be encapsulated. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral product may include an encapsulated sweetener. The encapsulated sweetener may be included together with the spray-dried nicotine powder and / or encapsulated nicotine. <Oral pouch products>

[0341] Figure 22 is a perspective view of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0342] In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 22, the oral pouch product 6800 is configured to fit in the mouth of an adult consumer and has a filling material comprising a dry mixture and a liquid mixture absorbed by the dry mixture, as further described with reference to Figure 23. For example, an adult consumer may inhale, chew, or otherwise manipulate the oral pouch product 6800 to release the flavor and / or functional components contained therein. The oral pouch product 6800 may be, for illustrative purposes only, an oral pouch product having a generally rectangular shape. In yet another embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 may have a pouch shape similar to a ravioli or pillow shape, a rectangular shape, or any other suitable shape.

[0343] Various shapes may be used, as long as the shape is comfortable and inconspicuous in the mouth of an adult consumer. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 is substantially free of oral irritants, meaning that the shape, structure, and position of the oral pouch product 6800 do not irritate oral tissues (e.g., gums) via sharp edges, etc., as used herein. Furthermore, as used in relation to oral irritants, “substantially” and “substantially free” mean that the shape, structure, and position of the oral pouch product 6800 do not irritate oral tissues (e.g., gums) over a time frame or period of the same order of magnitude as the typical length of time that the oral pouch product 6800 may be enjoyed by an adult consumer. Sharp corners are generally avoided because they can lead to oral discomfort.

[0344] The oral pouch product 6800 may be sized and constructed to fit comfortably in the mouth of an adult consumer, such as between the cheek and gums. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 has a primary dimension ranging from about 0.20 inches to about 2.0 inches (e.g., about 0.25 inches to about 1.75 inches, about 0.75 inches to about 1.5 inches) and a lateral dimension ranging from about 0.25 inches to about 1.5 inches (e.g., about 0.50 inches to about 1.25 inches, about 0.75 inches to about 1.0 inch). The weight of the oral pouch product 6800 may be from about 0.25 grams (g) to about 2.0 grams (e.g., about 0.3 grams to about 1.8 grams, about 0.4 grams to about 1.5 grams, about 0.5 grams to about 1.25 grams, or about 0.75 grams to about 1.0 grams).

[0345] The oral pouch product 6800 can be placed in the mouth of an adult consumer for approximately 1 minute to approximately 3 hours (e.g., approximately 1 minute to approximately 2 hours, approximately 5 minutes to approximately 90 minutes, approximately 10 minutes to approximately 60 minutes, and approximately 20 minutes to approximately 40 minutes). The size of the oral pouch product 6800 can be selected based on the desired length of placement in the mouth of an adult consumer. For example, a larger pouch containing a larger amount of filling material may provide a longer placement. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 is discarded after being placed in the mouth of an adult consumer once.

[0346] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 may include a pouch packaging 6820, as shown in Figure 22. The pouch packaging 6820 may be sealed around one or more ends (e.g., at least one seam) to define an inner cavity 6900 configured to carry the filling material 6910 (as discussed below and shown in Figure 23). For example, the pouch packaging 6820 may include at least one longitudinal seal 6830 and one or more fin seals 6840. The longitudinal seal 6830 extends between the fin seals 6840. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 is formed in a high-speed vertical filling and packaging machine.

[0347] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the pouch packaging 6820 includes an outer web 6850. The outer web 6850 may have a thickness of about 0.05 mm to about 0.25 mm (e.g., about 0.075 mm to about 0.100 mm or about 0.1 mm to about 0.20 mm). The outer web 6850 may be formed of a permeable or semi-permeable material so that, for example, saliva, water, or both saliva and water can pass through the outer web 6850 into the inner cavity 6900 defined by the pouch packaging 6820. Flavors and liquids formed by mixing saliva and / or water with the filling material 6910 contained within the oral pouch product 6800 may be drawn out of the oral pouch product 6800 through the outer web 6850.

[0348] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the outer web 6850 is formed from a material that is generally recognized as safe ("GRAS") for use and / or contact with food. This material may be stain-resistant, permeable to water, and / or porous. For example, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the outer web 6850 includes paper. For example, the web may be formed from a cellulose fiber material, such as tea bag material or other materials commonly used to form snooze pouches. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the outer web 6850 has a desired (or alternatively, predetermined) level of basis weight and / or wet strength to reduce the occurrence of breakage of the pouch packaging 6820 during manufacturing, storage, and when placed in the mouth of an adult consumer. For example, the outer web 6850 has about 16.5 g / m² 2 A tea bag material may have a basis weight and a wet tensile CD strength of 68 N / mm. In another exemplary embodiment, the outer web 58 may be formed of paper having a wet MD tensile strength of about 45 N / mm to about 52 N / mm.

[0349] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the outer web 6850 is formed of a hydrophobic paper or material. The hydrophobic paper may be formed of a cellulosic material. The hydrophobic paper may be a nonwoven material and may contain any hydrophobic material. The hydrophobic material may be a synthetic material and / or a semi-synthetic material. The hydrophobic material may include viscose, rayon, lyocell, polyester, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, and / or modal fibers. The outer web 6850 may be treated to make the outer web 6850 hydrophobic. In other exemplary embodiments, the hydrophobic material may be a woven material.

[0350] The material used to form the outer web 6850 may have a neutral or pleasant taste and / or aroma. Furthermore, the outer web 6850 may be substantially white. However, in other exemplary embodiments, the outer web 6850 may be colored to indicate the flavor of the inner filling material 6910 contained therein.

[0351] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the outer web 6850 may be impregnated or coated with at least one flavoring agent, at least one cannabis material, at least one tobacco material, at least one binder, at least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent, at least one functional component, at least one saliva-stimulating component, or any combination thereof, to enhance the flavor of the filling material 6910 (shown in Figure 23) contained within the oral pouch product 6800. A substantially continuous coating comprising at least one flavoring agent and / or at least one cannabis material and / or at least one tobacco material and / or at least one binder and / or at least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent may be applied to the outer (visually facing) surface of the outer web 6850. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the coating may be formed only on a portion of the outer web 6850, such as along the seams or only on one side of the pouch 6800. The coating can provide an initial burst of flavor when the oral pouch product 6800 is placed in the oral cavity, and the inner filling material 6910 provides a later release of flavor to extend the release of flavor while it is placed in the mouth of an adult consumer.

[0352] At least one flavoring agent may be any flavoring agent disclosed herein for inclusion in a liquid mixture containing nicotine and triglycerides. In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one flavoring agent may coat the outer web 6850 or impregnate the outer web 6850 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 800.

[0353] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one cannabis or tobacco material may coat the outer web 6850 or impregnate the outer web 6850. The at least one cannabis or tobacco material may, for illustrative purposes only, include crushed cannabis or tobacco material, cannabis or tobacco plant fibers, and / or extracts thereof. The at least one cannabis or tobacco material may coat or impregnate the outer web 6850 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0354] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one binder may coat or impregnate the outer web 6850. The at least one binder is a food-grade adhesive, gum, or other binder. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the at least one binder includes, but is not limited to, sodium alginate, sugar, agar, guar gum, etc. The at least one binder may coat or impregnate the outer web in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0355] At least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent may coat or impregnate the outer web 6850. The at least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent may include mint, menthol, cinnamon, pepper, jambu, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the at least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent may include any sedative, coolant, and / or warming agent. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the at least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent may include capsaicin, piperine, α-hydroxysanshool, and (8)-gingerol, which may be selected to provide a warming, tingling, or burning sensation. In other exemplary embodiments, at least one sensory or chemosensory agent may include menthol, menthyl lactate, WS-3 (N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide), WS-23 (2-isopropyl-N,2,3-trimethylbutylamide), and Evercool 180® (available from Givaudan SA), which may be selected to provide a cooling sensation. At least one sensory or chemosensory agent may coat or impregnate the outer web 6850 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0356] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one functional ingredient may include an antioxidant, a sedative, a stimulant, a foaming agent, or any combination thereof. Antioxidants may include, for example, vitamin C, vitamin B, magnesium, calcium, or any combination thereof. Sedatives may include, for example, chamomile, lavender, jasmine, theanine, melatonin, soursop, cannabidiol, or any combination thereof. Sedatives may be added as flavoring agents and / or fragrances embedded in the product and / or packaging. Stimulants may include, for example, caffeine, taurine, guarana, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, etc. Foaming agents may include, for example, carbon dioxide embedded in the flavoring agent and / or filler material. In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one functional component may coat or impregnate the outer web 6850 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0357] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one sedative may coat or impregnate the outer web 6850 in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0358] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of an oral pouch product along line II-II in Figure 22, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0359] Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view of an oral pouch product along line III-III in Figure 22, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0360] In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 23, opposing layers of the outer web 6850, longitudinal seal 6830, and fin seal 6840 define an inner cavity 6900 between them. The inner filling material 6910 can be held within the inner cavity 6900. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 completely fills the inside (e.g., cavity) 6900 of the oral pouch product 6800. In other exemplary embodiments, the inner filling material 6910 only partially fills the inside (e.g., cavity) 6900 of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0361] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 has a water content ranging from about 4% by weight based on the weight of the oral pouch product to about 8% by weight based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800 (e.g., about 7% to about 90% by weight, about 10% to about 90% by weight, about 10% to about 50%).

[0362] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 comprises a dry mixture and a liquid mixture, the liquid mixture comprising liquid nicotine and a triglyceride such as MCT. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the dry mixture comprises a non-tobacco cellulose material, and the liquid mixture is absorbed by the cellulose. In addition to cellulose, the dry mixture may further comprise dry flavor enhancers such as salts, sodium bicarbonate, and pH adjusters. High-strength sweeteners, such as sucralose, palatinose, stevia, acesulfame K, and any combination thereof, may be pre-mixed with a liquid humectant (e.g., glycerin, propylene glycol, and any combination thereof). The pre-mixed mixture may be mixed with the dry mixture. The liquid mixture containing MCT and nicotine may be added last to the dry mixture to reduce exposure to oxygen. Antioxidants may be further added to the liquid mixture to extend the shelf life and / or to stabilize the nicotine.

[0363] For example, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 comprises about 20% to about 80% by weight (e.g., about 30% to about 70%, about 40% to about 60%, or about 45% to about 55%) of insoluble cellulose, about 0% to about 5% (e.g., about 1% to about 4%, or about 2% to about 3%) of a pH adjuster such as sodium bicarbonate, about 10% to about 30% (e.g., about 15% to about 25%, about 18% to about 23%, or about 20% to about 22%) of triglycerides such as medium-chain triglycerides, and a sweetener such as stevia or a combination of sucralose and palatinose.

[0364] By containing high levels of triglycerides such as MCT, oral pouch product 6800 maintains a relatively moist mouthfeel while maintaining a moisture content of approximately 4% to 8% and a water activity level of less than approximately 0.6. This helps prevent and / or reduce microbial growth and enhances the stability of nicotine in oral pouch product 6800. Furthermore, when a hydrophobic pouch packaging is used, the inner filling material contains mainly oils instead of water, so the flavor from the inner filling material 6910 passes through the pouch packaging more easily than when a hydrophilic pouch packaging is used.

[0365] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 may further contain cannabis. The cannabis may contain any part of the cannabis plant and / or any extract thereof. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the plant material may include a mixture of Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, such as a mixture of about 70% sativa and about 30% indica. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 may contain cannabis extract attached to cellulose. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the oral pouch product 6800 may contain cannabis in addition to other plant materials. The oral pouch product 6800 may also contain other plant materials such as herbs and vegetables. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 may also contain tobacco material in addition to, or instead of, the cannabis material.

[0366] In at least one exemplary embodiment, before placing cannabis (or other plant material) into the oral pouch product 6800, the cannabis (or other plant material) may be heated to a temperature sufficient to decarboxylate the compounds within the cannabis (or other plant material). For example, the cannabis may be maintained at the heated temperature for a time sufficient to cause decarboxylation (i.e., the conversion of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid ("THCA") present in the cannabis to tetrahydrocannabinol ("THC"), and / or the conversion of cannabidiolic acid ("CBDA") to cannabidiol ("CBD"). Depending on the application, maintaining plant material at a heating temperature can induce decarboxylation of cannabis in accordance with the paper by Dussy et al. entitled "Isolation of Delta9annabinol, et al., Isolation of Delta9-THCA-A from hemp and analytical aspects concerning the determination of Delta9-THC in cannabis products" (Forensic Sci. Int. 2005 Apr 20;149(1):3-10) (the entire disclosure is incorporated herein by reference) and / or the paper by Veress et al. entitled "Determination of cannabinoid acids by high-performance liquid chromatography of their neutral derivatives formed by thermal decarboxylation: I. Study of the decarboxylation process in open reactors" (Journal of Chromatography A 520:339-347, November 1990) (the entire disclosure is incorporated herein by reference). For example, cannabis (or other plant material) can be maintained at approximately 225°C for about 35 to 45 minutes.

[0367] As shown in Figure 23, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 comprises plant material (e.g., cannabis, tobacco, herbs, vegetables, or any combination thereof) and additives. The additives may include at least one binder, at least one sensory or chemosensory agent, at least one functional component, at least one saliva-stimulating component, at least one humectant, at least one sweetener, or any combination thereof (e.g., at least one flavoring agent and / or at least one sensory or chemosensory agent and / or at least one humectant and / or at least one sweetener). The color of the pouch packaging 6820 may be selected to identify its contents. For example, a green pouch packaging 6820 can be used to identify an oral pouch product 6800 containing a mint flavoring agent, and a red pouch packaging 6820 can be used to identify an oral pouch product 6800 containing cinnamon. In other exemplary embodiments, the pouch packaging 6820 may be white and may contain a liquid mixture absorbed by cellulose.

[0368] In at least one exemplary embodiment, at least one flavoring agent may be any of the flavoring agents used for coating the pouch packaging 6820 as described herein. The inner filling material 6910 may contain at least one flavoring agent in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 25% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0369] The inner filling material 6910 may include at least one sensory agent or chemosensory agent used for coating the pouch packaging 6820, as described herein. The sensory agent and / or chemosensory agent may be included to provide a cooling sensation. The inner filling material 6910 may include at least one amount of sensory agent or chemosensory agent in about 0.01% to about 25% by weight (e.g., about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0370] The inner filling material 6910 may contain at least one humectant to facilitate the maintenance of the moisture level of the inner filling material 6910 in the oral pouch product 6800. Examples of usable humectants include glycerol and propylene glycol. The inner filling material 6910 may contain at least one humectant in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight (e.g., about 1% to about 12% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 7% to about 9% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0371] As described above, in at least one exemplary embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 may contain at least one sweetener. The at least one sweetener may be a natural sweetener or an artificial sweetener. In at least one embodiment, the sweetener may include, but is not limited to, water-soluble sweeteners such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides (e.g., xylose, ribose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, glucose, and mannose). In other exemplary embodiments, it may contain sugar alcohols such as xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and maltitol. Non-nutritional artificial sweeteners such as sucralose may also be used. The inner filling material 6910 may contain at least one sweetener in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight (e.g., about 1% to about 12% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 7% to about 9% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0372] In at least one embodiment, the inner filling material 6910 of the oral pouch product 6800 may contain at least one functional component. The at least one functional component may include an antioxidant, a sedative, a stimulant, a foaming agent, or any combination thereof. For example, the inner filling material 6910 may contain at least one functional component in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight (e.g., about 1% to about 12% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 7% to about 9% by weight) based on the weight of the oral pouch product 6800. The antioxidant, sedative, stimulant, and / or foaming agent may be any of those used for coating the pouch packaging 6820 as described herein.

[0373] In at least one embodiment, and this is purely illustrative, the inner filling material 6910 containing one or more additives and / or one or more functional components, which is placed within the cavity 6900, may be provided in the form of multiple capsules, microcapsules, and / or beads of various sizes. The capsules, microcapsules, and / or beads may have a size determined by the desired size of the final product (e.g., an oral pouch product 6800). For example, the capsules, microcapsules, and / or beads may have a size ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 8 mm, depending on the components they contain.

[0374] In each example, each capsule, microcapsule, and / or bead may include an outer shell and an inner core. By varying the thickness of the outer shell of the contained capsules, microcapsules, and / or beads, the components contained in each capsule, microcapsule, and / or bead can be released at various rates to prolong the flavor and / or functional experience of the oral pouch product 6800. In some exemplary embodiments, the shell thickness ranges from about 0.1 mm to about 7 mm, depending on the size of the capsule, microcapsule, and / or bead and the desired dissolution rate. Capsules, microcapsules, and / or beads with the thinnest shells dissolve first to release the encapsulated flavor and functional components. Capsules, microcapsules, and / or beads with thicker shells dissolve at a slower rate to continuously provide the flavor and functional components.

[0375] In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 24, the pouch packaging 6820 may include at least one longitudinal seal 6830 and one or more fin seals 6840 (shown in Figures 22 and 23). As shown in Figure 24, the longitudinal seal 6830 may include overlapping ends of an outer web 6850 that are sealed together. The sealing function can be achieved by sealing the overlapping ends together with a food-grade adhesive or by using thermal or sonic technology.

[0376] As shown in Figure 23, to form each fin seal 6840, the inner surface of the outer web 6850 of the pouch packaging 6820 and another portion of the inner surface of the outer web 6850 are overlapped to form a fin seal. The fin seal 6840 can then be formed by sealing the fin seal using any method as detailed above. Although not shown, in certain embodiments, integrated fin seals and longitudinal seals may be used, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art. By overlapping the fin seals, the oral pouch product 6800 may be more comfortable for adult consumers to insert into their mouths because it does not have loose and unsealed ends that could protrude and catch in the consumer's mouth while consuming. In addition, integrated fin seals and longitudinal seals may be more robust to reduce and / or prevent breakage during the manufacture, packaging, shipping, handling, and / or use of the oral pouch product 6800.

[0377] A method for manufacturing an oral pouch product 6800 may generally include the steps of forming a package into an open pouch using a vertical or horizontal filling machine, and filling the open pouch with an inner filling material 6910. The pouch may then be sealed to enclose the inner filling material 6910 and form an oral pouch product 6800. In at least one exemplary embodiment, a series of oral pouch products 6800 are formed with a space between the seals of adjacent pouch products 6800, and then separated to form individual pouch products 6800. For example, the oral pouch products 6800 may be cut by a die at a position between adjacent seals so as to form a soft edge on each pouch product 6800. Alternatively, a soft edge can be formed by advancing a first strip of pouch packaging material along a supply path, placing the filling material on the strip, placing a second strip on the first strip, pressing these strips together using a sealing die to form a seam around the filling material, such as a heat seal or adhesive seal, and cutting the first and second strips outside the seam using a punching die.

[0378] Figure 25 is a side view of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0379] Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view along line VII-VII of the oral pouch product of Figure 25, according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0380] In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 25 and 26, the oral pouch product 7100 is the same as that in Figures 22 to 24, except that the oral pouch product 7100 has a single seam or seal 7105 along the packaging 7120. In at least one exemplary embodiment, as shown, the oral pouch product 7100 has a crescent shape. In some exemplary embodiments, the oral pouch product 7100 has a D-shape, boomerang shape, crescent shape, or other shape.

[0381] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the pouch packaging 7120 can be sealed along a seam or seal 7105 to define an inner cavity 7270 configured to contain or hold a filling material 7210, which is the same as described with reference to Figures 22 to 24. A single seam or seal 7105 can be formed by overlapping the inner surface of the outer web 7150 of the pouch packaging 7120 with another portion of the inner surface of the outer web 7150. The sealing function can be achieved by sealing adjacent portions together with a food-grade adhesive or by using thermal or ultrasonic technology.

[0382] Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of an oral pouch product according to at least one exemplary embodiment.

[0383] In other exemplary embodiments, the oral pouch product 8300 is the same as the pouch product 6800 in Figures 22 to 27, except that the outer web 8310 is a nonwoven material formed of a polymer containing synthetic or natural polymers. For example, the outer web 8310 may be formed of a mesh material formed of spun or meltblown fibers such as polyurethane fibers, as described in U.S. Patent No. 10,448,669, U.S. Patent No. 10,463,070, and / or U.S. Patent No. 9,414,624 (the entire contents of each of these are incorporated herein by reference). The mesh material may be at least partially elastomerized. Furthermore, depending on the materials used to form the pouch product 8300, the pouch product 8300 may eliminate seams to provide a softer pouch. In at least one exemplary embodiment, the mesh material contains a filler material comprising cellulose and a liquid mixture containing triglycerides and liquid nicotine.

[0384] While several exemplary embodiments have been disclosed herein, it should be understood that other modifications are possible. Such modifications will not be considered to deviate from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and all such modifications that would be obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be included in the following claims.

[0385] Although the description has been made with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, modifications, additions, and substitutions of the exemplary embodiments can be made in various ways by those skilled in the art, as described. For example, the described techniques may be performed in a different order than the described methods, and / or the elements of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, etc. may be connected or combined in a different way than the methods described above, or the results may be adequately achieved by other elements or equivalents.

Claims

1. Oral products, Having a liquid mixture, The aforementioned liquid mixture is Triglycerides and, The triglyceride contains liquid nicotine dissolved in it, At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free base nicotine, The weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine in the liquid mixture is in the range of 1:1 to 9:

1. Oral products.

2. In the oral product according to claim 1, The aforementioned triglycerides include medium-chain triglycerides. Oral products.

3. In the oral product according to claim 1, The aforementioned weight ratio is in the range of 3:1 to 5:

1. Oral products.

4. In the oral product according to claim 3, The aforementioned weight ratio is 4:

1. Oral products.

5. In the oral product according to claim 1, At least 80% by weight of the liquid nicotine is free basic nicotine. Oral products.

6. In the oral product according to claim 5, All of the aforementioned liquid nicotine is free base nicotine. Oral products.

7. In the oral product according to claim 1, The aforementioned liquid mixture does not contain water. Oral products.

8. In the oral product according to claim 1, The liquid mixture essentially consists of the triglyceride and the liquid nicotine. Oral products.

9. In the oral product according to claim 1, It further contains cellulose-based materials, The liquid mixture is absorbed by the cellulose-based material. Oral products.

10. In the oral product according to claim 9, The aforementioned cellulose-based material includes microcrystalline cellulose. Oral products.

11. In the oral product according to claim 1, It also has a chewing gum base, The oral product is chewing gum. Oral products.

12. In the oral product according to claim 11, It further contains cellulose-based materials, The liquid mixture is absorbed by the cellulose-based material. The cellulose-based material is embedded in the chewing gum base. Oral products.

13. 。 In the oral product according to claim 1, The aforementioned oral product does not contain a pH adjuster. Oral products.

14. 。 In the oral product according to claim 1, The weight percentage of water in the oral product is 8 or less. Oral products.

15. In the oral product according to claim 1, The amount of the triglyceride is 1% by weight or more of the oral product. Oral products.

16. In the oral product according to claim 15, The amount of the triglyceride is 5% by weight or more of the oral product. Oral products.

17. In the oral product according to claim 1, The amount of liquid nicotine in the oral product is in the range of 0.1 mg to 14 mg. Oral products.

18. In the oral product according to claim 1, The liquid mixture further comprises triacetin, triolein, trilinolein, vegetable oil, partially hydrogenated oil, or any combination thereof. Oral products.

19. Oral products, Liquid mixture and Medium-chain triglycerides and The medium-chain triglyceride contains a liquid free base nicotine dissolved in it. The weight ratio of the medium-chain triglyceride to the liquid free base nicotine in the liquid mixture is in the range of 3:2 to 4:

1. The aforementioned liquid mixture does not contain water. The aforementioned oral product does not contain a pH adjuster. Oral products.

20. A method for increasing the absorption of nicotine from an oral product through the cheek, wherein the method is: A step of preparing a liquid mixture by dissolving liquid nicotine in triglyceride, wherein at least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free base nicotine, and the weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine is in the range of 1:1 to 9:

1. A step of incorporating the liquid mixture into an oral product, wherein the liquid nicotine remains dissolved in the triglyceride during and after the incorporation step, method.

21. In the method of claim 20, Prior to the aforementioned assimilation step, the method further comprises the step of allowing the cellulose-based material to absorb the liquid mixture. method.

22. In the method according to claim 21, The aforementioned incorporation step comprises adding the cellulosic material to the gum base together with the liquid mixture. method.

23. In the method according to claim 21, The aforementioned assembling step includes the step of enclosing the cellulose-based material to form an oral pouch product. method.

24. In the method of claim 20, The incorporating step comprises mixing the liquid mixture with a carrier liquid to form an oral spray product. method.

25. In the method of claim 20, The aforementioned assembling step comprises combining the liquid mixture with soluble fibers and sugar alcohols to form a lozenge oral product. method.

26. 。 In the method of claim 20, The incorporating step comprises combining the liquid mixture with an orally soluble polymer to form a soluble oral product. method.

27. 。 In the method of claim 20, The incorporating step comprises combining the liquid mixture with a polymer that is stable in the mouth to form a chewable oral product. method.

Images