Switching of communication paths during communication between nodes

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, and systems for internode communication are disclosed. The method includes: communicating from a first node to a second node on a first communication path which is one of a device-to-device communication path, a device-to-network communication path, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network; and, automatically by the first node, performing a switch from the first communication path to a second communication path which is one of the other of a device-to-device communication path, a device-to-network communication path, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network, and is different from the first communication path, based on one or more triggers; and communicating from the first node to the second node on the second communication path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Patent Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 457,200, filed on April 5, 2023, entitled "ACTIVATION, SWITCHING AND COMBINATION OF SYSTEMS AND REFERENCE POINTS", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Devices and methods consistent with this disclosure generally relate to communication, and more particularly, to methods, systems, and devices for communicating between nodes on a communication path and switching the communication path based on one or more triggers.

Background Art

[0003] Network - device communication is used when a node (as used herein, including (and also referred to as) a device, handset, user equipment (UE), mobile device, roadside unit, or network infrastructure device) is within the coverage of a network. Nodes use network infrastructure, interfaces between the network and the device, and device - network interfaces. These interfaces can be physical (e.g., wired) interfaces or wireless interfaces within the network, or wireless interfaces between the network and the device. The term "network - device" as used herein makes no limiting assumptions about the direction of use (i.e., transmitter and receiver in communication) and covers communication from the network to the device and / or from the device to the network.

[0004] Device - to - device communication may be used for direct communication between devices (or UEs), and in some cases, it may not be necessary for any of the UEs to be under the coverage of a network. This is used, for example, in vehicle - to - vehicle communication.

[0005] Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is a general term used to describe any satellite system that provides positioning. Examples of GNSS include the Global Positioning System (GPS), China's Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS), Europe's Galileo, the Russian Federation's GLONASS, India's Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) / Indian Navigation Satellite Constellation (NavIC), or Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS). The terms "between GNSS and devices" and "between GNSS and networks" cover both directions without making any restrictive assumptions about the direction of communication used. [Overview of the project]

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for communication between nodes is provided. The method includes: communicating from a first node to a second node on a first communication path which is one of a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a GNSS and a network; the first node automatically performing a switch from the first communication path to a second communication path which is one of the other of a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a GNSS and a network, and is different from the first communication path, based on one or more triggers; and communicating from the first node to the second node on the second communication path.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a first node is provided. The first node is The system includes a memory configured to store instructions, and a processor configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to communicate from a first node to a second node on a first communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between devices and a network, or a path between GNSS and a network; to automatically switch from the first communication path to a second communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between devices and a network, or a path between GNSS and a network, and is different from the first communication path, based on one or more triggers, and to communicate from the first node to the second node on the second communication path.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-temporary computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors of a first node in a communication network is provided for performing a method. The method includes: communicating from a first node to a second node on a first communication path which is one of a device-to-device communication path, a device-to-network communication path, or a path between a GNSS and a network; automatically by the first node to switch from the first communication path to a second communication path which is one of the other of a device-to-device communication path, a device-to-network communication path, or a path between a GNSS and a network, and is different from the first communication path, based on one or more triggers; and communicating from the first node to the second node on the second communication path. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a 5G access layer user plane protocol stack according to some embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a 5G control plane protocol stack according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3]Figure 3 is a block diagram of a 5G core network interface according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a block diagram of a user plane protocol stack for the LTE access layer according to some embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a block diagram of an LTE access layer control plane protocol stack according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a block diagram of an LTE core network interface according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating resource allocation for 3GPP New Radio (NR) sidelink mode 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating resource allocation in 3GPP NR sidelink mode 1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a diagram of an LTE positioning protocol used in LTE or NR according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating a first example of switching between communication paths according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating a second example of switching between communication paths according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating one or more triggers received in connection with transmission in a switching or combination of communication paths, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a flowchart of a method for communication between nodes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a UE according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The following description refers in detail to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings, and the same numbers in different drawings represent identical or similar elements unless otherwise noted. The embodiments described below do not represent all embodiments relating to the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of systems, apparatus, and methods relating to aspects relating to the present disclosure as described in the accompanying claims.

[0011] Network-device communication, and network-device interfaces.

[0012] One interface (or radio interface) of the access layer is the Uu interface in the 3GPP example. In the 3GPP 5G example, this is the New Radio (NR) interface of the access layer, or the non-access layer interface of 5G. This is known as the N1 interface. Figures 1 and 2 summarize several layers used in 5G as network-device interfaces between the UE and the base station (e.g., gNB, which is a 5G Node B, a radio access network node for 5G NR).

[0013] Figure 1 is a block diagram of the 5G access layer user plane protocol stack 100, showing the communication layers between UE 102 and gNB 104. These layers include the physical (PHY) layers 110a, 110b, the medium access control (MAC) layers 112a, 112b, the radio link control (RLC) layers 114a, 114b, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers 116a, 116b, and the service data adaptive protocol (SDAP) layers 118a, 118b.

[0014] Figure 2 is a block diagram of the 5G control plane protocol stack 200, showing the communication layers between the UE 202, the gNB 204, and the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 206. These layers include the PHY layers 210a, 210b, the MAC layers 212a, 212b, the RLC layers 214a, 214b, the PDCP layers 216a, 216b, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layers 218a, 218b, and the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layers 220a, 220b.

[0015] One interface used as an example of an interface between 5G core network devices is the N1 interface, as illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 is a block diagram 300 of the 5G core network interfaces. Figure 3 shows various network interfaces between entities in the core network, including the AMF 302, the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 304, the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 306, the Network Slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) 308, the Unified Data Management (UDM) function 310, the Session Management Function (SMF) 312, the Policy Control Function (PCF) 314, the Application Function (AF) 316, the UE 318, the Radio Access Network (RAN) 320, the User Plane Function (UPF) 322, and the Data Network (DN) 324.

[0016] Looking at the example of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution), in the case of the access layer / wireless, the network interface used is the LTE-Uu interface, or the E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) interface. Figures 4 and 5 summarize some of the layers used as the LTE-Uu interface for the network-device scenario between the UE and the eNB (Evolved Node B, the radio access network node for LTE). For the network-device scenario between the UE and the eNB (Evolved Node B, the radio access network node for LTE), Figures 4 and 5 summarize some of the layers used as the LTE-Uu interface.

[0017] Figure 4 is a block diagram of the user plane protocol stack 400 of the LTE access stratum, showing the communication layers between the UE 402 and the eNB 404. These layers include the PHY layers 410a, 410b, the MAC layers 412a, 412b, the RLC layers 414a, 414b, and the PDCP layers 416a, 416b.

[0018] Figure 5 is a block diagram of the control plane protocol stack 500 of the LTE access stratum, showing the communication layers between the UE 502, the eNB 504, and the Mobility Management Entity (MME) 506 which is part of the LTE core network (or Evolved Packet Core (EPC)). These layers include the PHY layers 510a, 510b, the MAC layers 512a, 512b, the RLC layers 514a, 514b, the PDCP layers 516a, 516b, the RRC layers 518a, 518b, and the NAS layers 520a, 520b.

[0019] Some of the interfaces used as examples of the interfaces between the LTE core network - devices are the S1 - MME interface and the S1 - U interface as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 is a block diagram 600 of the core interfaces of LTE. Figure 6 shows various network interfaces between entities in the core network, including the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 602, Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) / Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN) 604, Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (SGSN) 606, MME 608, Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 610, UE 612, Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E - UTRAN) 614, Serving Gateway 616, Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 618, Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) 620, and the operator's IP services 622.

[0020] Communication between devices, and interfaces between devices.

[0021] In the 3GPP example, device-to-device communication uses the PC5 interface for 5G and LTE, including direct radio interfaces and protocols between UEs. Therefore, LTE and NR technologies are reused (with some modifications) without going through any network nodes.

[0022] In the 3GPP NR example, direct device-to-device communication is used via Mode 2 sidelink communication, as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 is a diagram of resource allocation 700 in 3GPP NR sidelink mode 2, showing communication between network 702, transmit (Tx)UE 704, and receive (Rx)UE 706. In Mode 2, network 702 can pre-provide some general configuration information about several resource pools, for example, by transmitting an RRC configuration from network 702 to Tx UE 704. In some embodiments, this may be done via pre-configuration in Tx UE 704. At transmit time, Tx UE 704 is not connected to the network (similarly Rx UE 706). Tx UE 704 performs autonomous sensing and resource selection to discover the time and frequency resources to use for transmission to Rx UE 706. The LTE sidelink mode 4 is the equivalent of NR sidelink mode 2 for LTE sidelinks.

[0023] Alternatively, 3GPP NR sidelink device-to-device communication can be used, where scheduling is controlled by the network using dynamic grants and / or configurational grants. In this case, the Tx UE must be within network coverage. This may be done by resource allocation in NR sidelink mode 1, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 is a diagram of resource allocation 800 in 3GPP NR sidelink mode 1, showing communication between network 802, Tx UE 804, and Rx UE 806. In mode 1, the scheduling grant provided to Tx UE 804 by network 802 informs Tx UE 804 of the time and frequency resources to use for transmission to Rx UE 806.

[0024] Communication between GNSS and devices, and the interface between GNSS and devices.

[0025] Communication between the GNSS and the device is used to derive information such as timing, which allows for the determination of geographical location. While this relies on signals between the GNSS and the device, as shown in Figure 9, it may also use signaling to the network via the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP). Figure 9 is a diagram of the LPP protocol 900 as used in LTE or NR, showing communication between the target device 902, the location server 904, the first reference source 906, and the second reference source 908. The term “interface between GNSS and device” includes signals from the GNSS to the UE.

[0026] The target device 902 may include a UE. The location server 904 may include an evolved serving mobile location center (E-SMLC), a location management function (LMF), or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP). The first reference source 906 may include an eNodeB or a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN). The second reference source 908 may include one or more satellites.

[0027] The first reference source 906 may provide the target device 902 with an LTE or NR radio signal. The second reference source 908 may provide the target device 902 with a GNSS signal. The target device 902 may provide the location server 904 with an LTE or NR radio signal, a GNSS signal, a combination of these two signals, or additional location information measurements. The location server 904 may provide the target device 902 with support data to assist in determining the location of the target device.

[0028] Communication path

[0029] While some existing communication standards can handle different communication interfaces (also referred to as communication paths in this specification), none of them can handle switching between different communication interfaces / paths.

[0030] For example, ETSI Technical Specification (TS) 103 831 (Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of Applications; Decentralized Environmental Notification Service) is source-independent and, to that extent, states that "the DEN basic service may be implemented in vehicle ITS-S, roadside ITS-S, personal ITS-S, or central ITS-S."

[0031] For example, ETSI TS 103 301 (Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of Applications; Facilities layer protocols and communication requirements for infrastructure services) focuses on one route / interface and specifies its scope as "supporting communication between infrastructure ITS equipment and traffic participants (e.g., vehicles, pedestrians) that use ITS equipment."

[0032] For example, 3GPP TS 23.285 (Architecture enhancements for V2X services) mentions procedures for V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) communication via the PC5 reference point and procedures for V2X communication via the LTE-Uu reference point, but does not provide details on which reference point should be chosen.

[0033] For example, 3GPP TS 24.386 (Control Functions from UE to V2X; Protocol Phase) mentions procedures for V2X communication via the PC5 reference point and procedures for V2X communication via the LTE-Uu reference point, but does not provide details on which reference point should be selected.

[0034] For example, 3GPP TS 24.587 (Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services in 5G System (5GS); Stage 3) refers to procedures for V2X communication via PC5 spoofing points and procedures for V2X communication via LTE-Uu reference points, but does not provide details on which reference point to choose.

[0035] For example, 3GPP TS 23.122 (Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode) states that it is possible to "perform V2X communication via PC5 on selected PLMNs in limited service conditions," but does not provide further details on whether the V2X service is performed via the PC5 interface or the Uu interface.

[0036] For example, 5GAA TS S-180175 (C-ITS communication system profile using cellular Uu interface) focuses on the scenario where "long-distance cellular Uu communication is used," as its title suggests.

[0037] This disclosure relates to switching between systems or communication interfaces / routes. Some embodiments disclose communication across multiple interfaces simultaneously. Some different systems and interfaces used as examples are interfaces between a network and a device, interfaces between devices, or interfaces between a GNSS and a device. Some embodiments describe decisions associated with switching between interfaces and / or transmission across multiple interfaces. Triggers may be defined and used. Switching between communication paths allows for the selection of the "best" system, interface, or reference point based on various criteria, such as cost and the availability of one or more systems, interfaces, or reference points.

[0038] In the example of device positioning, if a mobile device is outside network coverage, using side-link positioning has the advantage that the device can still determine its geographical location. In the absence of GNSS coverage (e.g., no GPS coverage), the device can still obtain its location through network positioning. If the accuracy of one system is better than (and perhaps this accuracy is required for) another system, the device may use that system or interface as the starting mode, or default mode. Other criteria, such as the relative cost of using each system or interface, e.g., which is the cheapest (or potentially free), may influence the default mode used.

[0039] In another example, if there is a problem with the network, the mobile device may switch to sidelink communication. Another potential benefit is to avoid a situation where, for example, the device is configured or pre-configured to use Mode 1, and a series of wireless link failures with the network occur, the UE remains "stuck in Mode 1" (i.e., sidelink Mode 1).

[0040] Figure 10 is a diagram of a first example 1000 of switching between communication paths / interfaces according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 10 shows an example in which three systems are aggregated, for example, Uu interface 1002, sidelink (SL) interface 1004, and GNSS interface 1006. The operating principles described herein may be used for switching between more or fewer systems than those described herein, without changing the operating methods of the embodiments. Triggers for switching between interfaces 1002, 1004, and 1006 are defined.

[0041] Some potential triggers that may be used in the switching process include, but are not limited to, Uu coverage (e.g., whether a UE is outside or inside network coverage), GNSS coverage, Uu radio link failure, sidelink radio link failure, network cell outage, sidelink congestion level, Uu congestion level, the number of surrounding UEs supporting a sidelink, the number of surrounding UEs sidelink-connected to a UE, the precision required or supported by each system or interface, or the latency required or supported by each system or interface.

[0042] The one or more triggers used do not need to be the same for each switching path. In some embodiments, the triggers may be selected symmetrically. For example, switching the communication path from a Uu interface to a sidelink interface may use a trigger that is outside network coverage, while a symmetrical switching of the communication path from a sidelink interface to a Uu interface may use a symmetric trigger that is within network coverage.

[0043] Each potential trigger may have a threshold applied if it is a trigger to which a threshold can be applied. For example, a threshold may be applied to a trigger based on Uu congestion level, so that a switch is triggered when the Uu congestion level exceeds a given threshold. As another example, thresholds are not applied to triggers that are binary conditions (e.g., yes or no), such as whether or not a UE is outside network coverage.

[0044] For example, switching may be used to provide information about traffic accidents. In one embodiment, the default or initial system or interface used for this type of signaling may be a Uu interface. For example, for this type of signaling, it may be more resource-efficient for the UE to use a Uu interface rather than a sidelink interface because the Uu interface uses only one hop to the network, rather than involving transmissions from multiple UEs (e.g., vehicles) via sidelink communication, when attempting to provide information to a UE located several miles away (e.g., requiring multiple hops from the initially communicating UE to the target UE). If there is no network coverage and a network problem is detected (e.g., a radio link failure is detected) and / or a cell is shut down, the UE switches to the sidelink interface. If one or more of the problems are resolved, or if one or more other specific triggers occur (e.g., reflecting the opposite condition), the UE switches to the Uu interface.

[0045] In some embodiments, the switching criterion may include a hysteresis dimension to avoid frequent ping-pong effects from switching between systems or interfaces. Instead of, or in addition to, such a criterion, a timer may be used to avoid excessive switching. For example, the timer may be started when a communication path is switched, and if the timer does not expire, the UE does not perform any other switching (or revert to the previous path). In embodiments, to avoid unnecessary switching, the trigger condition is evaluated only if the required precision for the existing connection (e.g., positioning information or quality of service (QoS) of the communication path in use) is not met.

[0046] In some embodiments, a combination of communication interfaces may be used to send messages or packets. For example, a UE in a vehicle may use both the Uu interface and the sidelink interface to provide information that a car accident has just occurred. It is preferable to use a combination of communication interfaces because some surrounding UEs may have the Uu interface but not the sidelink interface. Using direct sidelink communication has the advantage of low latency. After a certain period (e.g., a few seconds), the UE may switch to the Uu interface only to provide more detailed information, for example, about the car accident. In other embodiments, other combinations of interfaces are possible, including switching between interfaces.

[0047] In one embodiment, in order to maintain session continuity, i.e., to deliver the most accurate positioning information to the original requesting node (e.g., the Target UE's Location Services (LCS) client, AMF, Location Management Function (LFM)) under the same session identifier (ID), without relying on positioning techniques (e.g., conventional Uu positioning, GNSS, PC5-only positioning), a subordinate positioning request may be triggered, and the result may be reflected in the output on the original (independent) session side. For example, in the case of a Network-Initiated Positioning Request (NI-LR) or Mobile Terminal Positioning Request (MT-LR), the Target UE may be instructed to trigger its Mobile Outgoing Positioning Request (MO-LR) to its GNSS interface, and then use this information to provide positioning information to the LMF within the original NI-LR or MT-LR session. The LMF may then compare the positioning information from both sessions and use the more accurate result. In the case of MO-LR, the Target UE becomes the management node and compares its GNSS input with the input provided by the LMF.

[0048] Adding examples of transitions and combinations to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 10, we get the one shown in Figure 11. This is an embodiment. Figure 11 is a diagram of a second example 1100 of switching between communication paths according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 11 shows an example in which different systems are aggregated, for example, a Uu interface 1102, a sidelink (SL) interface 1104, a GNSS interface 1106, and a combination of the Uu interface and the SL interface 1108. Triggers for switching between interfaces 1102 to 1108 may be defined.

[0049] Other embodiments include switching between a sidelink UE autonomous resource selection mode and a sidelink network resource allocation mode. In the example of a sidelink NR, this reflects switching between sidelink resource allocation mode 2 and sidelink resource allocation mode 1, as described elsewhere in this disclosure (see, for example, Figures 7 and 8).

[0050] One advantage of switching from Mode 1 to Mode 2 is that service can still be provided even if there are network problems. In Mode 1, scheduling is performed by the network, so if a network problem occurs (e.g., out of network coverage), the UE will remain in Mode 1 (because scheduling is performed by the network) and may be unable to communicate with other UEs until it falls back to an exceptional resource pool.

[0051] Another reason for switching between Mode 1 and Mode 2 may, in some cases, be to conserve battery charge. For example, this is the case for battery-powered devices (e.g., pedestrian mobile devices or electric vehicles). Therefore, the fact that the UE is a pedestrian device, an electric vehicle, or more generally, a UE that requires power saving may be used as a trigger in switching from Mode 1 to Mode 2, or vice versa (or, for example, the equivalent modes for LTE or 6G). This may be done autonomously within the device, or the network may instruct the mode change (e.g., a change to Mode 1, and / or a change to Mode 2) based on some information the network receives from the device (e.g., the performance of the UE or the battery level of the UE).

[0052] One of the other triggers used in the switchover (instead of, or in addition to, other conditions or triggers) is that the UE is in a process that receives resource allocation information from the network, in addition to other triggers (e.g., network issues), such as receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) allocation in the example of a sidelink NR.

[0053] If the UE is in sidelink autonomous mode (resource allocation mode 2 in the NR example) and is in the process of receiving a radio resource control (RRC) configuration from the network, in addition to other triggers (e.g., a network problem), other switching may occur. In this example, the UE may remain in sidelink autonomous mode (resource allocation mode 2 in the NR example) and switch to using the previous RRC configuration. This allows the UE to perform sidelink communication.

[0054] Other triggers that may be used include criteria that already exist and are used for other purposes. For example, 3GPP TS 38.331 states that for a UE to transition from RRC connected mode to RRC idle mode, the UE is reconfigured to perform RRC re-establishment or handover to a new cell or node. Triggers in this scenario include radio link failure, detection of physical layer problems, reconfiguration due to synchronization failure, reception of a certain number of consecutive "out of sync" notifications, reception of a certain number of consecutive "synchronizing" notifications, and media access control (M This includes, but is not limited to, random access problems received from the AC layer or entity (e.g., notifications), reaching the RLC retransmission count, consistent uplink listen-before-talk (LBT) failures from the MAC layer or entity (e.g., notifications), the expiration of a timer that is started upon receiving a certain number of consecutive "out of sync" notifications and stopped upon receiving a certain number of consecutive "synchronized" notifications (e.g., this timer may be T310 from 3GPP TS 38.331), or the expiration of a timer that is started upon triggering a measurement report and stopped upon receiving a certain number of consecutive "synchronized" notifications (e.g., this timer may be T312 from 3GPP TS 38.331).

[0055] In other embodiments, device history may be used as a single criterion or in combination with one or more other criteria. For example, if a UE encounters a certain number of problems within a given period, this can be considered a valid criterion for initiating, switching, and / or combining communication paths. The problems or triggers may be the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure.

[0056] In another embodiment, the location, speed, and / or direction of the UE may be used as triggers for the switch. In another embodiment, information regarding the location of the UE may be context-dependent, such as the UE being on a highway. In another embodiment, the predicted location of the UE at a particular subsequent moment may be the trigger. For example, when the UE leaves an urban environment and enters a highway, it may switch from Uu positioning to GNSS positioning. As another example, a UE entering a highway tunnel may switch from GNSS positioning to sidelink positioning.

[0057] In other embodiments, whether or not support information from the location server is available (see, for example, Figure 9) may be used as a potential trigger. In other embodiments, the amount and / or frequency of support information from the location server may be used as a trigger (possibly with a threshold).

[0058] In another embodiment, a request for service from another UE may be used as a trigger. For example, in an out-of-network coverage scenario, a UE may receive a request from another UE to act as an anchor in a sidelink absolute positioning session. In another variation of this embodiment, a UE with an active positioning session may face a radio link failure and lose connectivity to the LMF. This acts as a trigger for the UE to switch to GNSS positioning to obtain positioning information. In another embodiment, one or more conditions for using the system or interface may be defined without requiring a transition.

[0059] In another embodiment, priorities may be defined for the use of each system or interface. The highest-priority system or interface is used if available or if the corresponding criteria are met. One or more criteria are associated with the use of each system or interface. If the criteria are valid for multiple systems or interfaces, the highest-priority system or interface may be used.

[0060] The information constituting this behavior (e.g., priority or criteria) may be provided to the UE via signaling. This signaling may be provided from the network or from another UE. For example, such information may be provided via the Uu interface or via the sidelink interface. This may, for example, use RRC protocol and / or MAC-CE (control element) information. Any of the constants and timers already defined for radio link failure (RLF) or handover failures may be used. It may be used directly or extended to be applicable for switching between a UE using a 3GPP network (e.g., gNB), a GNSS node, or other UEs (e.g., within or outside the coverage of gNB and / or GNSS). In one embodiment, constants and timers may be configured, or, in the case of the 3GPP NR example, the RRC protocol may be used. In another embodiment, configuration information may be transmitted to the UE by the LTE positioning protocol.

[0061] The configuration information may be provided to the UE through pre-configuration in the mobile device (ME) or in the USIM. For example, the configuration information may be uploaded wirelessly from the home PLMN to the USIM via the SIM toolkit.

[0062] An application identifier (ID) may be provided in the signaling to identify that multiple different messages (which may originate from different sources, such as an LPP from the network and a sidelink LPP from another UE) relate to the same application, thereby allowing them to be considered during switching. In the case of nested (parallel) sessions, one embodiment also provides a session ID. Ideally, the dependencies between individual sessions are either explicitly indicated (e.g., by hierarchical session IDs) or implicitly managed (e.g., in LMF). When the root session terminates, dependent subsessions also terminate, and all resources are released. The termination of a subsession does not imply the termination of the parent session. Input from subsessions may be shared between parent sessions.

[0063] In one example, switching and / or combinations may apply to positioning methods in different systems, such as between a network-to-device positioning method and a GNSS-to-device positioning method. In another example, switching and / or combinations may apply to positioning methods within the same system, such as within a GNSS-to-device positioning method (e.g., between the round-trip time (RTT) method and the time difference to arrival (OTDOA) method). In the case of multiple positioning processes within a 3GPP radio access technology (RAT), positioning reference signal (PRS) resources and measurement reports may be shared, for example, by tagging individual PRS measurements with a subsession and / or session ID associated with this resource. In this way, the overhead associated with PRS usage and reporting is reduced. Alternatively, if only one session ID per measurement report is allowed (legacy operation), duplicate measurement reports may provide pointers or links to several other previous measurements to indicate report redundancy.

[0064] In other embodiments, other UEs or networks (e.g., gNBs) may provide the UE with information that enables the UE to determine whether switching, enabling, or combining systems is useful. This may relate to some of the triggers described above, or it may relate to more direct information about which systems to enable, switch, and / or combine. For example, a UE may broadcast such information to surrounding UEs so that other UEs receiving this information can predict whether to enable, switch, or combine systems. For example, a UE facing a disruption or degradation may notify surrounding UEs of the disruption or degradation so that other UEs become aware of the problem before they encounter it. For example, a vehicle approaching a tunnel may switch from Uu positioning to sidelink positioning. If a UE determines a problem itself, or receives information about a problem from another UE or network (e.g., gNB), it may notify the LMF of the problem or anticipated problem. The LMF may then provide this information to other UEs. The speed, position, and / or direction of those other UEs may be used in the decision process. As a result, other UEs that receive this information will need to follow the procedures required to switch the positioning interface and / or communication interface. By establishing this in advance, it becomes possible to mitigate or avoid degradation of ongoing services before facing anticipated disruptions.

[0065] Figure 12 is a flowchart of a method 1200, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, for evaluating one or more triggers received in connection with transmission in switching or combination of communication paths. In some embodiments, the method 1200 may be performed by a first node communicating with a second node.

[0066] Method 1200 includes step 1202, in which the first node communicates with the second node on a first communication path. For example, the first node may communicate with the second node via a Uu interface.

[0067] Method 1200 includes step 1204 of receiving at least one trigger at a first node. The at least one trigger may include one or more of the triggers described elsewhere in this disclosure. Step 1204 is optional. The at least one trigger may be known at the first node without being explicitly received. For example, the at least one trigger may be hardcoded from a 3GPP technical specification. Thus, another variation of step 1204 may include evaluating the at least one trigger instead of receiving it. In another embodiment, step 1204 may not be used.

[0068] Method 1200 includes a step 1206 to determine whether the at least one trigger indicates a switch to a second communication path. If the condition that the at least one trigger indicates a switch to a second communication path (step 1206, "yes" branch), Method 1200 includes a step 1208 in which the first node switches the communication path between the first node and the second node from the first communication path to the second communication path. For example, the first node may switch from the first communication path via the Uu interface to the second communication path via the sidelink interface. In some embodiments, the first node may automatically switch the communication path from the first communication path to the second communication path (e.g., by additional input such as from individual or other devices). After step 1208, Method 1200 returns to step 1202 (in some embodiments) and proceeds to step 1210 (in other embodiments). Choices for the next steps to be performed after step 1208 are shown with dashed lines to indicate that either choice is possible.

[0069] If the at least one trigger does not indicate a switch to the second communication path (step 1206, "no" branch), method 1200 includes step 1210 determining whether the at least one trigger indicates that transmission should be performed on the combined communication path. If the at least one trigger indicates that transmission should be performed on the combined communication path (step 1210, "yes" branch), method 1200 includes step 1212 communicating from the first node to the second node on both the first and second communication paths. For example, the first node now communicates with the second node via the first communication path (e.g., the Uu interface) and also communicates with the second node via the second communication path (e.g., the sidelink interface). If the at least one trigger does not indicate that transmission should be performed on the combined communication path (step 1210, "no" branch), method 1200 returns to step 1202 as described above.

[0070] The method 1200 illustrated in Figure 12 is one possible exemplary embodiment. In another exemplary embodiment, the method 1200 may be modified so that step 1210 is performed before step 1206. In another exemplary embodiment, all criteria are: The transitions or combinations are evaluated without any specific order.

[0071] In another embodiment, the method described above can be applied to non-terrestrial networks (e.g., high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, etc.) in addition to or instead of GNSS satellites and ground networks.

[0072] Any two or more embodiments described in this book may be used in combination. Any logical elements such as "or", "and", and / or "exclusive OR" may be used for this combination.

[0073] The examples described in this book refer to 3GPP LTE, 3GPP NR, 3GPP LTE sidelink, and 3GPP NR sidelink, but other technologies such as 3GPP 6G or IEEE 802.11 are also possible.

[0074] This disclosure considers at least three types of devices (Type A, Type B, and Type C). A Type A device includes a module for first sidelink communication and a module for second sidelink communication. A Type B device includes only the module for first sidelink communication. A Type C device includes only the module for second sidelink communication. For example, in one embodiment, a Type A device includes both an LTE sidelink module and an NR sidelink module, a Type B device includes only the NR sidelink module, and a Type C device includes only the LTE sidelink module.

[0075] In some embodiments, method 1200 may be performed by a type A device, a type B device, or a type C device.

[0076] Figure 13 is a flowchart of a method 1300 for communication between nodes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0077] Method 1300 includes step 1302 of communicating from a first node to a second node on a first communication path, where the first communication path is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a GNSS and a network. The first node and the second node may each be a mobile device, user equipment, roadside unit, or network infrastructure device.

[0078] In some embodiments, one or more triggers include: the first node being within network coverage; the first node being outside network coverage; the first node being within GNSS coverage; the first node being outside GNSS coverage; a radio link failure; a network cell being blocked; a network failure; a radio interface congestion level being one or more of the following: above, reaching, or below a congestion threshold; the number of peripheral nodes supporting sidelink communication; and the number of peripheral nodes having sidelink communication connections to the first node. ; Accuracy of positioning information received via one or more radio interfaces or accuracy of one or more radio interfaces, including quality of service of one or more radio interfaces; Latency of one or more radio interfaces; Battery level of the first node; Detection of physical layer problems; Reconfiguration due to synchronization failure; Condition that a certain number of consecutive out-of-synchronization notifications have been received by the first node; Condition that a certain number of consecutive synchronization notifications have been received by the first node; Condition that a random access problem notification has been received by the first node from the media access control layer; Radio link control retransmission Conditions include: reaching a certain number of times; receiving consistent uplink listen before talk failure notifications from the media access control layer; timer expiration; location of the first node; speed of the first node; direction of movement of the first node; receiving requests from other nodes for services provided by the first node; the first node requesting power saving; the first node being in the process of receiving configuration via a radio interface; the first node being in the process of receiving resource allocation via a radio interface; or one or more types of the first node, such as a type of node carried by a pedestrian, a type of node fixed to a vehicle (e.g., an electric vehicle (e.g., a battery electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a fuel cell electric vehicle) or a non-electric vehicle), or other types of nodes.

[0079] In some embodiments, some or all of one or more triggers are related to sidelink communication. In some embodiments, one or more triggers are received by a first node.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first node is one of the following: a mobile device, user equipment, roadside unit, or a network infrastructure device such as an evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), or other network infrastructure devices.

[0081] Method 1300 includes step 1304 of the first node automatically switching from a first communication path to a second communication path. The second communication path is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between GNSS and a network, and unlike the first communication path, the switching of the second communication path is based on one or more triggers. Such triggers may include various statuses or conditions as described elsewhere in this disclosure. In some embodiments, such triggers may have associated thresholds, and the switching is performed on the condition that the criterion associated with the trigger exceeds, reaches, or falls below the associated threshold.

[0082] In some embodiments, switching occurs only if the required quality for the service associated with the first communication path is not achieved. In some embodiments, some or all of one or more triggers have associated thresholds, and switching occurs on the condition that the criteria associated with one or more triggers are one or more of the following: exceed, reach, or fall below the associated threshold.

[0083] In some embodiments, the first and second communication paths are used for device positioning.

[0084] In some embodiments, the switch is performed only if the accuracy required for positioning related to the first communication path is not achieved.

[0085] In some embodiments, the switching further depends on the device history of the first node, which includes the number of triggers that have become active within a predetermined period. In some embodiments, the number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values.

[0086] In some embodiments, the switchover occurs when a certain number of triggers become active within a predetermined period. It is executed under certain conditions. In some embodiments, the number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values.

[0087] Method 1300 includes step 1306 of communicating from the first node to the second node on a second communication path.

[0088] In some embodiments, the switching further includes switching a first node from a first communication path to a second communication path based on a first set of triggers. In some embodiments, the switching further includes switching a first node from a second communication path to a first communication path based on a second set of triggers. In some embodiments, the first set of triggers and the second set of triggers may be symmetrical depending on the direction of the switching. In some embodiments, the first set of triggers and the second set of triggers may be asymmetrical depending on the direction of the switching. In some embodiments, the first set of triggers and the second set of triggers may include hysteresis between values ​​associated with the direction of the switching.

[0089] In some embodiments, method 1300 further includes setting a timer after the switch from the first communication path to the second communication path is complete, and preventing the first node from switching to the other communication path until the timer expires. In one example, the other communication path may be the first communication path. In another example, the other communication path may be the second communication path.

[0090] In some embodiments, method 1300 further includes activating a second communication path based on one or more triggers. In some embodiments, method 1300 further includes communicating from the first node to the second node on both the first and second communication paths based on one or more triggers.

[0091] Figure 14 is a block diagram of UE 1400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. UE 1400 can be Type A, Type B, Type C, or any other type of UE. UE 1400 may be mounted on a mobile vehicle or mounted in a fixed position. UE 1400 may include, but is not limited to, a vehicle, a vehicle-mounted component, a roadside unit, a wireless terminal including a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a wireless handheld device, or a wireless personal device, or any other form. Referring to Figure 14, UE 1400 includes an antenna 1402 used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals to and from a base station or other UE. Antenna 1402 may include one or more antenna elements, and different input / output antenna configurations may be possible, such as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration, a multiple-input single-output (MISO) configuration, and a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) configuration. In some embodiments, antenna 1402 may include multiple (e.g., tens or hundreds) antenna elements, and multi-antenna functions such as beamforming may be possible. In some embodiments, antenna 1402 is a single antenna.

[0092] UE 1400 may include a transceiver 1404 connected to antenna 1402. Transceiver 1404 is a wireless transceiver in UE 1400 and may communicate bidirectionally with a base station or other UEs. For example, transceiver 1404 may receive / transmit wireless signals to and from a base station via downlink / uplink communication. Transceiver 1404 may also receive / transmit wireless signals to and from other UEs or RSUs via sidelink communication. Transceiver 1404 modulates packets and provides the modulated packets to antenna 1402 for transmission. It may include a modem that demodulates packets received from 1402.

[0093] UE 1400 may include memory 1406. Memory 1406 may be any type of computer-readable storage medium, including volatile or non-volatile memory devices, or a combination thereof. Computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, non-temporary computer storage medium. Non-temporary storage medium may be accessed by a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer. Examples of non-temporary storage medium include, but are not limited to, portable computer diskettes, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), digital multipurpose disks (DVDs), flash memory, compact disk (CD)ROM, or other optical disk storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, or other magnetic storage devices. Non-temporary medium is used to carry or store desired program code means (e.g., instructions and / or data structures) and may be accessed by a general-purpose computer or a dedicated computer, or by a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. In some examples, software / program code may be transmitted from a remote source (e.g., a website, server, etc.) using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave. In such examples, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave fall within the definition of a medium. Combinations of the above examples also fall within the scope of a computer-readable medium.

[0094] Memory 1406 may store identification information for device 1400 and information about signals and / or data received by antenna 1402. Memory 1406 may also store post-processing signals and / or data. Memory 1406 may also store computer-readable program instructions, mathematical models, and algorithms used for signal processing in transceiver 1404 and calculations in processor 1408. Memory 1406 may further store computer-readable program instructions for causing UE 1400 to operate to perform various functions described in this disclosure by being executed by processor 1408. In some examples, memory 1406 may include a basic input / output system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some embodiments, UE 1400 is a Type A UE, and memory 1406 includes both an LTE SL module and an NR SL module. In some embodiments, UE 1400 is a Type B UE. In some embodiments, UE 1400 is a type C UE, and memory 1406 contains only NR SL modules.

[0095] The computer-readable program instructions of this disclosure may be assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​and conventional procedural programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may be executed as a standalone software package, either entirely on a computing device, partially on a first computing device, or partially on a second computing device remotely from the first computing device. In the latter scenario, the second remote computing device is accessed from the first computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). It may be connected to a chair.

[0096] The UE 1400 may include a processor 1408, which includes a hardware device with processing capabilities. The processor 1408 may include at least one of the following: a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or other programmable logic device. Examples of general-purpose processors include, but are not limited to, a microprocessor, any conventional processor, a controller, a microcontroller, or a state machine. In some embodiments, the processor 1408 may be implemented using a combination of devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). The processor 1408 may receive downlink or sidelink signals from the transceiver 1404 and further process these signals. The processor 1408 may also receive data packets from the transceiver 1404 and further process these packets. In some embodiments, the processor 1408 may be configured to operate the memory using a memory controller. In some embodiments, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1408. The processor 1408 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., memory 1406) and cause the UE 1400 to perform various functions.

[0097] UE 1400 may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) 1410. GPS 1410 may be used to enable location-based services or other services based on the geographical location and / or synchronization of UE 1400. GPS 1410 may receive Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals from a single satellite or multiple satellite signals via antenna 1402 to provide the geographical location of UE 1400 (e.g., the coordinates of UE 1400).

[0098] The UE 1400 may include an input / output (I / O) device 1412 used to communicate the results of signal processing and calculations to the user or other devices. The I / O device 1412 may include a user interface that includes a display and an input device for sending user commands to the processor 1408. The display is UE The system may be configured to display the signal reception status at 1400, data stored in memory 1406, the signal processing status, and the results of calculations. The display may include, but is not limited to, a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), light-emitting diode (LED), gas plasma display, touchscreen, or other image projection device for displaying information to the user. The input device may be any type of computer hardware equipment used to receive data and control signals from the user. The input device may include, but is not limited to, a keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, joystick, trackball, cursor directional keys, touchscreen monitor, or audio / video commander.

[0099] The UE 1400 may further include a machine interface 1414 such as an electric bus for connecting a transceiver 1404, memory 1406, processor 1408, GPS 1410, and I / O devices 1412.

[0100] In some embodiments, the UE 1400 may be configured or programmed to communicate between nodes. The processor 1408 executes instructions stored in memory 1406 to communicate from the first node to the second node over the first communication path. The configuration may be as follows: The first communication path is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between GNSS and a network. The processor 1408 may be configured to execute an instruction by the first node to automatically switch from the first communication path to the second communication path. The second communication path is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between GNSS and a network, and unlike the first communication path, the switching of the second communication path is based on one or more triggers. The processor 1408 may be configured to execute an instruction to communicate from the first node to the second node on the second communication path.

[0101] As used in this disclosure, the use of the term "or" in a list of items indicates an inclusive list. A list of items may begin with phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of." For example, the list "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A or B or C or AB (i.e., A and B) or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A, B, and C). Also, as used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" preceding a list of conditions is not to be interpreted as "based on the set of conditions only," but rather as "based on the set of conditions at least in part." For example, a result described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0102] In this specification, the terms “equipment,” “includes,” and “contains” are interchangeable, have the same meaning, and should be interpreted as comprehensive and unrestricted. The terms “equipment,” “includes,” and “contains” may be used before a list of elements to indicate that at least all of the elements listed in the list are present, but other elements not included in the list may also be present. For example, if A equips B and C, then both {B,C} and {B,C,D} are within the scope of A.

[0103] This disclosure describes exemplary configurations that do not represent all possible implementations or configurations within the scope of this disclosure, in relation to the accompanying drawings. The term “exemplary” should be interpreted as “example, case, or example,” and not as “preferred” or “advantageous compared to other examples.” By reading this disclosure, including the description of embodiments and drawings, a person skilled in the art will recognize that the technology disclosed herein can be implemented using alternative embodiments. A person skilled in the art will recognize that further embodiments for practicing the technology described herein can be obtained by combining the embodiments described herein, or certain features of the embodiments. Therefore, this disclosure should be given the broadest scope that is consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein, and is not limited to the examples and designs described herein.

[0104] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate examples of the architecture, function, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and devices according to various embodiments. It should be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions described in the blocks may differ from the order shown in the figures. For example, two blocks shown consecutively may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or in reverse order depending on the functions involved. Similarly, in methods according to various embodiments, additional steps may be included in such methods, and certain steps may be omitted or combined.

[0105] The embodiments described are not mutually exclusive, and any element, component, material, or step described in relation to one exemplary embodiment may be suitable for achieving a desired design objective. It is understood that this can be combined with other embodiments in a specific manner, or excluded from other embodiments.

[0106] Any reference in this specification to “some embodiments” or “some exemplary embodiments” means that certain features, structures, or characteristics described in relation to an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment. The occurrences of the phrases “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” or “another embodiment” in various parts of this disclosure do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments necessarily mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0107] In addition, the articles “a” and “an” used in this disclosure and the attached claims should generally be interpreted as meaning “one or more” unless otherwise specified or unless the context makes it clear that they refer to a singular form.

[0108] The elements in the following method claims are described in a specific sequence, if any, but unless the description of the claim suggests a specific sequence for carrying out some or all of these elements, these elements are not necessarily intended to be limited to being carried out in that specific sequence.

[0109] Certain features of this disclosure are described in the context of separate embodiments for clarity, but it should be recognized that they may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of this specification are described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity, but may be provided individually, in any appropriate partial combination, or as needed in any other embodiments described herein. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not essential features of those embodiments unless specifically noted.

[0110] Furthermore, in the details, materials, and arrangement of the components described and illustrated to illustrate the nature of the described embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made without departing from their scope. Accordingly, the appended claims encompass all such substitutions, modifications, and variations within the terms of the claims.

[0111] Note 1: A method of communication between nodes, Communication from a first node to a second node on a first communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network. The first node automatically switches from the first communication path to a second communication path, which is different from the first communication path, and is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between devices and the network, or a path between the global navigation satellite system and the network, based on one or more triggers. A method comprising communicating from the first node to the second node on the second communication path.

[0112] Note 2: The one or more triggers mentioned above are The first node is within network coverage. The first node is outside of network coverage. The aforementioned first node is within Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) coverage. The first node is outside the GNSS coverage. Wireless link failure, The condition that the network cell is blocked, The condition is that there is a network failure. The wireless interface congestion level is one or more of the following conditions: it exceeds, reaches, or falls below the congestion threshold. Number of peripheral nodes that support sidelink communication, The number of peripheral nodes having a sidelink communication connection to the first node, The accuracy of positioning information received via one or more radio interfaces, or the accuracy of one or more radio interfaces, including the quality of service of one or more radio interfaces. Latency of one or more wireless interfaces, The battery level of the first node, Detection of problems in the physical layer, Reconfiguration due to synchronization failure, The condition that a certain number of consecutive out-of-sync notifications have been received by the first node, The condition that a certain number of consecutive synchronization notifications have been received by the first node, The condition that a notification of a random access problem has been received by the first node from the media access control layer, The condition that a certain number of wireless link control retransmissions have been reached, The condition that a consistent uplink listen before talk failure notification is received from the aforementioned media access control layer, When the timer expires, The position of the first node, The speed of the first node, Direction of movement of the aforementioned first node, When a request for a service provided by the first node is received from another node, The first node is requesting power saving, The first node is in the process of receiving a configuration via a wireless interface. The first node is in the process of receiving resource allocation via a wireless interface, or The first node is of a type carried by a pedestrian, a type fixed to an electric vehicle, a type fixed to a non-electric vehicle, or another type of node. Including one or more of the following: The method described in Appendix 1.

[0113] Note 3: The first node is one of the following: a mobile device, user equipment, roadside unit, evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), mobility management entity (MME), or access and mobility management function (AMF), or other network infrastructure device. The method described in Appendix 2.

[0114] Note 4: Some or all of the one or more triggers mentioned above are related to sidelink communication. The method described in Appendix 2.

[0115] Note 5: Some or all of the one or more triggers have associated thresholds. The criteria associated with the one or more triggers, the associated threshold The switching is performed under the condition that one or more of the following conditions are met: exceeding, reaching, or falling below. The method described in Appendix 1.

[0116] Note 6: The aforementioned switching shall be performed only if the quality required for the service related to the first communication path is not achieved. The method described in Appendix 1.

[0117] Note 7: The first communication path and the second communication path are used for device positioning. The method described in Appendix 1.

[0118] Note 8: The switching will only be performed if the accuracy required for positioning related to the first communication path is not achieved. The method described in Appendix 7.

[0119] Note 9: The above switch is further, Based on a first set of one or more triggers, the first node is switched from the first communication path to the second communication path. Based on a second set of one or more triggers, the first node is switched from the second communication path to the first communication path. including, The method described in Appendix 1.

[0120] Note 10: The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, are symmetrical with respect to the direction of the switching. The method described in Appendix 9.

[0121] Note 11: The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, are asymmetrical depending on the direction of the switching. The method described in Appendix 9.

[0122] Note 12: The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, include hysteresis between two or more values ​​associated with the direction of the switching. The method described in Appendix 9.

[0123] Note 13: The aforementioned switching is further based on the device history of the first node, The device history includes the number of triggers that became active within a predetermined period. The method described in Appendix 1.

[0124] Note 14: The number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values. The method described in Appendix 13.

[0125] Note 15: The above switching is performed on the condition that the number of triggers becomes valid within a predetermined period. The method described in Appendix 1.

[0126] Note 16: The number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values. The method described in Appendix 15.

[0127] Note 17: The one or more triggers mentioned above are received by the first node. The method described in Appendix 1.

[0128] Note 18: Further includes activating the second communication path based on one or more triggers, The method described in Appendix 1.

[0129] Note 19: Further comprising communicating from the first node to the second node on both the first communication path and the second communication path based on one or more triggers, The method described in Appendix 1.

[0130] Note 20: The timer is set after the switch from the first communication path to the second communication path is completed, The first node is prevented from switching to another communication path until the timer expires, Further including, The method described in Appendix 1.

[0131] Note 21: The first node that communicates with the second node, Memory configured to store instructions, Execute the instruction stored in the memory, Communication from the first node to the second node on a first communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network. The first node automatically switches from the first communication path to a second communication path, which is different from the first communication path, and is one of the following: a communication path between the devices, a communication path between the devices and the network, or a path between the global navigation satellite system and the network. A processor configured to perform communication from the first node to the second node on the second communication path, Equipped with, The first node.

[0132] Note 22: The one or more triggers mentioned above are The first node is within network coverage. The first node is outside of network coverage. The first node is within Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) coverage, The first node is outside the GNSS coverage. Wireless link failure and The condition that the network cell is blocked, The condition is that there is a network failure. The condition that the wireless interface congestion level is one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below the congestion threshold. Number of peripheral nodes that support sidelink communication, The number of peripheral nodes having a sidelink communication connection to the first node, The accuracy of positioning information received via one or more radio interfaces, or the quality of service of one or more radio interfaces, including the accuracy of one or more radio interfaces. Latency of one or more wireless interfaces, The battery level of the first node, Detection of problems in the physical layer, Reconfiguration due to synchronization failure, The condition that a certain number of consecutive out-of-sync notifications have been received by the first node, The condition that a certain number of consecutive synchronization notifications have been received by the first node, The condition that a notification of a random access problem has been received by the first node from the media access control layer, The condition that a certain number of wireless link control retransmissions have been reached, The condition that a consistent uplink listen before talk failure notification is received from the aforementioned media access control layer, When the timer expires, The position of the first node, The speed of the first node, Direction of movement of the aforementioned first node, When a request for a service provided by the first node is received from another node, The first node is requesting power saving, The first node is in the process of receiving a configuration via a wireless interface. The first node is in the process of receiving resource allocation via a wireless interface, or The first node is of a type carried by a pedestrian, a type fixed to an electric vehicle, a type fixed to a non-electric vehicle, or another type of node. Including one or more of the following: The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0133] Note 23: The first node is one of the following: a mobile device, user equipment, roadside unit, evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), mobility management entity (MME), or access and mobility management function (AMF), or other network infrastructure device. The first node as described in Appendix 22.

[0134] Note 24: Some or all of the one or more triggers mentioned above are related to sidelink communication. The first node as described in Appendix 22.

[0135] Note 25: Some or all of the one or more triggers have associated thresholds. The processor is further configured to perform the switching on the condition that the criterion associated with the one or more triggers is greater than, reached, or less than the associated threshold, The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0136] Note 26: The processor further requires the services related to the first communication path. The system is configured to perform the switch only if the desired quality is not achieved. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0137] Note 27: The first communication path and the second communication path are used for device positioning. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0138] Note 28: The processor is further configured to perform the switching only if the accuracy required for positioning related to the first communication path is not achieved. The first node as described in Appendix 27.

[0139] Note 29: The aforementioned processor further, Based on a first set of one or more triggers, the first node is switched from the first communication path to the second communication path. Based on a second set of one or more triggers, the first node is configured to switch from the second communication path to the first communication path. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0140] Note 30: The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, are symmetrical with respect to the direction of the switching. The first node as described in Appendix 29.

[0141] Note 31: The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, are asymmetrical depending on the direction of the switching. The first node as described in Appendix 29.

[0142] Note 32: The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, include a hysteresis between two or more values ​​associated with the direction of the switching. The first node as described in Appendix 29.

[0143] Note 33: The processor is further configured to perform the switching based on the device history of the first node. The device history includes the number of triggers that became active within a predetermined period. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0144] Note 34: The number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values. The first node as described in Appendix 33.

[0145] Note 35: The processor is further configured to perform the switching on the condition that the number of triggers becomes valid within a predetermined period. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0146] Note 36: The number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values. The first node as described in Appendix 35.

[0147] Note 37: The one or more triggers are received by the first node. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0148] Note 38: The aforementioned processor further, The system is configured to activate the second communication path based on one or more of the triggers, The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0149] Note 39: The aforementioned processor further, Based on one or more triggers, communication is configured to occur from the first node to the second node via both the first and second communication paths. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0150] Note 40: The aforementioned processor further, After the switch from the first communication path to the second communication path is completed, set a timer. The system is configured to prevent the first node from switching to another communication path until the timer expires. The first node as described in Appendix 21.

[0151] Note 41: In order to carry out the method, a non-temporary computer-readable medium storing instructions that can be executed by one or more processors of a first node in a communication network, Communication from the first node to the second node on a first communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network. The first node automatically switches from the first communication path to a second communication path, which is different from the first communication path, and is one of the following: a communication path between the devices, a communication path between the devices and the network, or a path between the global navigation satellite system and the network. This includes communicating from the first node to the second node on the second communication path, method.

Claims

1. A method of communication between nodes, Communication from a first node to a second node on a first communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network. The first node automatically switches from the first communication path to a second communication path, which is different from the first communication path, and is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between devices and the network, or a path between the global navigation satellite system and the network. This includes communicating from the first node to the second node on the second communication path, method.

2. The one or more triggers described above are The first node is within network coverage. The first node is outside of network coverage. The first node is within Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) coverage. The first node is outside the GNSS coverage. Wireless link failure, The condition that the network cell is blocked, The condition is that there is a network failure. The condition that the wireless interface congestion level exceeds, reaches, or falls below the congestion threshold, Number of peripheral nodes that support sidelink communication, The number of peripheral nodes having a sidelink communication connection to the first node, The accuracy of positioning information received via one or more radio interfaces, or the accuracy of one or more radio interfaces, including the quality of service of one or more radio interfaces. Latency of one or more wireless interfaces, The battery level of the first node, Detection of problems in the physical layer, Reconfiguration due to synchronization failure, The condition that a certain number of consecutive out-of-sync notifications have been received by the first node, The condition that a certain number of consecutive synchronization notifications have been received by the first node, The condition that a notification of a random access problem has been received by the first node from the media access control layer, The condition that a certain number of wireless link control retransmissions have been reached, The condition that a consistent uplink listen before talk failure notification is received from the aforementioned media access control layer, When the timer expires, The position of the first node, The speed of the first node, Direction of movement of the first node, When a request for a service provided by the first node is received from the node, The first node is requesting power saving, The first node is in the process of receiving a configuration via a wireless interface. The process by which the first node receives resource allocation via a wireless interface. Being in, or The first node is of a type carried by a pedestrian, a type fixed to an electric vehicle, a type fixed to a non-electric vehicle, or another type of node. Including one or more of the following: The method according to claim 1.

3. The first node is one of the following: a mobile device, user equipment, roadside unit, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF), or other network infrastructure device. The method according to claim 2.

4. Some or all of the aforementioned triggers are related to sidelink communication. The method according to claim 2.

5. Some or all of the one or more triggers have associated thresholds, The switching is performed on the condition that the criterion associated with one or more of the triggers is greater than, reaches, or falls below the associated threshold. The method according to claim 1.

6. The aforementioned switching is performed only if the quality required for the service related to the first communication path is not achieved. The method according to claim 1.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first communication path and the second communication path are used for device positioning.

8. The switching is performed only if the required accuracy for positioning related to the first communication path is not achieved. The method according to claim 7.

9. The aforementioned switch is further, Based on a first set of one or more triggers, the first node is switched from the first communication path to the second communication path. Based on a second set of one or more triggers, the first node is switched from the second communication path to the first communication path. including, The method according to claim 1.

10. The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, are symmetrical with respect to the direction of the switching. The method according to claim 9.

11. The one or more triggers, which are at least one of the first set or the second set, are asymmetrical depending on the direction of the switching. The method according to claim 9.

12. The one or The multiple triggers include hysteresis between two or more values ​​associated with the direction of the switching. The method according to claim 9.

13. The aforementioned switching is further based on the device history of the first node, The device history includes the number of triggers that became active within a predetermined period. The method according to claim 1.

14. The number of triggers that become active further includes one or more of the following: exceeding, reaching, or falling below one or more predetermined values. The method according to claim 13.

15. The aforementioned switching is performed on the condition that the aforementioned number of triggers become valid within a predetermined period. The method according to claim 1.

16. The one or more triggers are received by the first node. The method according to claim 1.

17. The further step includes activating the second communication path based on one or more triggers, The method according to claim 1.

18. Based on one or more triggers, the system further includes communicating from the first node to the second node on both the first and second communication paths. The method according to claim 1.

19. The timer is set after the switch from the first communication path to the second communication path is completed, The first node is prevented from switching to another communication path until the timer expires, Further including, The method according to claim 1.

20. A first node for communicating with a second node, Memory configured to store instructions, Execute the instruction stored in the memory, Communication from the first node to the second node on a first communication path, which is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between a device and a network, or a path between a global navigation satellite system and a network. The first node automatically switches from the first communication path to a second communication path, which is different from the first communication path, and is one of the following: a communication path between devices, a communication path between devices and the network, or a path between the global navigation satellite system and the network. A processor configured to perform communication from the first node to the second node on the second communication path, Equipped with, The first node.

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