Solid oxide fuel cell and system

Abstract

The example relates to a multilayer structure for fuel cells. Such a multilayer structure includes an electrolyte, a permeable electrode, and an inert permeable barrier, wherein the permeable electrode and the electrolyte have a common interface forming a reaction region, the permeable electrode provides a permeable electrode reactant pathway through the electrode, supplying reactants at the common interface, this permeable electrode reactant pathway is supplied from the permeable reactant pathway, and the inert permeable barrier constitutes an inert permeable barrier reactant pathway, providing a convectively dominant reactant flow mode within the inert permeable barrier, where the convectively dominant reactant flow mode of the inert permeable barrier reactant pathway supplies reactants to the permeable reactant pathway.

Claims

1. A multilayer structure for fuel cells, a. Electrolytes and, b. Permeable electrodes and c. Including an inert permeable barrier, d. The permeable electrode and the electrolyte have a common interface, thereby forming a reaction region. e. The permeable electrode presents the reactants at the common interface by providing a permeable electrode reactant path that penetrates the electrode, where the reactants are supplied from the permeable reactant path housed in the permeable reactant path structure to the permeable electrode reactant path. f. The inert permeable barrier includes an inert permeable barrier reactant pathway, and the inert permeable barrier reactant pathway is i. By providing an effective depth greater than the physical depth of the inert permeable barrier, the diffusion of any gas species within the inert permeable barrier reactant pathway is at least reduced, and preferably removed, thereby forming a convectively dominant reactant flow mode within the inert permeable barrier, or ii. To accommodate a convectively dominant flow mode of the reactants within the inert permeable barrier. It is configured to perform at least one or both of the following: g. The reactants are supplied from the inert permeable barrier reactant pathway to the permeable reactant pathway. Multilayer structure.

2. a. The permeable reactant pathway and the permeable reactant pathway structure are i. [Math 1] The formula is associated with or defined by the formula, where the geometric parameters of the permeable reactant pathway and the associated pathway structure are associated with the operating parameters of the fuel cell. b. The inert permeable barrier reactant pathway and the inert permeable barrier are ii. [Math 2] The formula is associated with or defined by the equation, where the geometric parameters of the inert permeable barrier and its associated path are associated with the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the barrier. c. Here iii. τ_p is the curvature ratio of the permeable reactant path in the flow direction of the reactants, iv. τ_b is the curvature ratio of the inert permeable barrier reactant pathway in the flow direction of the reactants, v. ε_p is the porosity of the permeable reactant pathway structure, vi. ε_b is the porosity of the inert permeable barrier, vii. d_p is the depth of the permeable reactant path structure in the direction of reactant flow, viiii. d_b is the depth of the inert permeable barrier in the flow direction of the reactants, ix. t_p is the thickness of the permeable reactant pathway structure, x. f_p is the ratio of the pore size of the permeable reactant pathway to the thickness t_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure. The multilayer structure according to claim 1.

3. The thickness t_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure has a predetermined thickness set to balance the cell packing density or power density derived from a relatively small thickness of the permeable reactant pathway structure with the in-plane electrical sheet conductance derived from a relatively large thickness of the permeable reactant pathway structure, thereby reducing resistive losses, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the thickness t_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is in the range of 5 μm to 1000 μm, optionally 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably 10 μm to 150 μm; The multilayer structure according to claim 1 or 2.

4. ratio [Math 3] However, this affects the balance between the additional flow resistance provided by the permeable reactant pathway when providing structural strength and the in-plane electrical sheet conductance, and is set to balance the resistance loss, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the ratio [Math 4] However, the range is 1 to 500, or optionally 2 to 50; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The depth d_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is selected to balance the cell's handling capacity and power density, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the depth d_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is in the range of 0.25 mm to 40 mm, optionally 0.25 mm to 20 mm, preferably 5 mm to 20 mm; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The ratio associated with the range of effective depth in the flow direction of the inert permeable barrier pathway. [Math 5] However, it is selected to at least reduce or eliminate the diffusion effect of any gas species, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the ratio [Math 6] However, the range is 2 to 2500 mm, optionally 10 to 500 mm, preferably 50 to 250 mm, and more preferably less than 250 mm; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The ratio f_p of the pore size of the permeable reactant pathway to the thickness t_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is selected to affect or limit electrical resistance loss by balancing flow resistance, structural strength, and the provision of in-plane electrical sheet conductance, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the ratio f_p of the pore size of the permeable reactant pathway to the thickness t_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is in the range of 0.02 to 1, preferably 0.25 to 0.75; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The curvature ratio τ_p of the permeable reactant pathway is set such that it reduces, preferably minimizes, at least one or both of the flow resistance and pressure loss of the entire permeable reactant pathway, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the curvature ratio τ_p of the permeable reactant pathway is in the range of 1 to 3, optionally 1 to 2.5, preferably 1 to 2; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The curvature ratio τ_b of the inert permeable barrier path is set such that, by increasing the effective diffusion depth, the diffusion effect of any gas species is at least reduced, preferably minimized, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the curvature ratio τ_b of the inert permeable barrier path is in the range of 1 to 10, and optionally 1 to 5; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The porosity ε_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is selected to balance the flow resistance to the structural strength of the permeable reactant pathway structure with the in-plane sheet electrical conductance, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the porosity ε_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure is in the range of 0.1 to 0.9, preferably 0.5 to 0.8; A multilayer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The porosity ε_b of the inert permeable barrier has a lower limit corresponding to the example of an orifice or perforated plate, and an upper limit corresponding to a material with a higher curvature, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, meaning that the porosity ε_b of the inert permeable barrier is in the range of 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.05 to 0.5; A multilayer fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The depth d_b of the inert permeable barrier is selected to achieve a balance between, as a lower limit, an increase in the effective depth to restrict the diffusion of any gas species, and, as an upper limit, limiting the size of the inert permeable barrier so that its volume is smaller than that of the relevant fuel cell, and / or The electrode is an anode electrode, and the depth d_b of the inert permeable barrier is 0.01 mm or more, optionally 0.01 mm to 5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 2 mm. A multilayer fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The electrode is an anode, and the ratio relating the geometric parameters of the permeable anode reactant pathway and related pathway structures to the operating parameters of the fuel cell. [Number 7] However, the range is 5e6 / m to 5e13 / m, optionally 5e8 / m to 5e12 / m, preferably 1e10 / m to 1e12 / m; A multilayer fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The electrode is an anode, and the geometric parameters of the inert permeable barrier and its associated path are related to the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the barrier by a ratio. [Number 8] However, the range is 0.2m to 1000m, optionally 1m to 200m, preferably 10m to 100m; A multilayer fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A multilayer fuel cell for fuel cells, wherein the multilayer fuel cell is d. Electrolytes and, e. A permeable electrode having an electrode inlet and an electrode outlet, f. Including an inert permeable barrier, g. The electrode and electrolyte share a common interface, thereby forming a reaction region; h. The permeable electrode provides a permeable electrode reactant path that penetrates the electrode, thereby presenting the reactant to the common interface, where the reactant is supplied from the permeable reactant path housed in the permeable reactant path structure to the permeable electrode reactant path. i. The inert permeable barrier provides an inert permeable barrier reactant pathway for accommodating a convectively dominant reactant flow mode, j. The inert permeable barrier reactant pathway is connected to the permeable reactant pathway, k. The permeable reactant pathway and the permeable reactant pathway structure are xi. [Number 9] The formula is associated with or defined by the formula, where the geometric parameters of the permeable reactant pathway and the associated pathway structure are associated with the operating parameters of the fuel cell. l. The inert barrier permeable reactant pathway and the inert permeable barrier are xi. [Number 10] The formula is associated with or defined by the equation, where the geometric parameters of the inert permeable barrier and its associated path are associated with the operating parameters of the fuel cell and the barrier. m. Here xiiii. τ_p is the curvature ratio of the permeable reactant path in the flow direction of the reactants, xiv. τ_b is the curvature ratio of the inert permeable barrier pathway in the flow direction of the reactants, xv. ε_p is the porosity of the permeable reactant pathway structure, xvi. ε_b is the porosity of the inert permeable barrier, xvii. d_p is the depth of the permeable reactant path structure in the direction of reactant flow, xviiii. d_b is the depth of the inert permeable barrier in the flow direction of the reactants, xix. t_p is the thickness of the permeable reactant pathway structure, xx. f_p is the ratio of the pore size of the permeable reactant pathway to the thickness t_p of the permeable reactant pathway structure.

16. Furthermore, it includes a permeable electrode current collector for guiding current from the electrode, and optionally, the permeable electrode current collector forms a permeable reactant path structure that accommodates a permeable reactant path. A multilayer fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. Anode half-cell ~ "half-cell" A multilayer anode structure fuel cell, The anode multilayer fuel cell includes the multilayer fuel cell described in any one of claims 1 to 16. In the multilayer fuel cell, The electrode forms a permeable anode electrode, The reactant is a fuel type, The anode multilayer fuel cell further includes a permeable anode current collector that forms a corresponding permeable anode reactant path structure for accommodating the corresponding permeable reactant path, as the permeable reactant path structure. Anode multilayer structure fuel cell.

18. Cathode half-cell ~ "Half-cell" A cathode multilayer structure fuel cell, The cathode multilayer structure fuel cell includes the multilayer structure fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 16, excluding the inert permeable barrier. In the multilayer fuel cell, The electrode forms a permeable cathode electrode, The reactant is an oxidized species, The cathode multilayer fuel cell further includes a permeable cathode current collector that forms a corresponding permeable cathode oxidizer pathway structure for accommodating the corresponding permeable oxidizer pathway, as the permeable oxidizer pathway structure. Cathode multilayer structure fuel cell.

19. A single cell including an anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell - Figure 3 A fuel cell for fuel cell systems, A set of multiple anode multilayer structures, each including at least one anode multilayer structure as described in claim 17, A set of multiple cathode multilayer structures, each including at least one cathode multilayer structure as described in claim 18. Fuel cells, including

20. A set of anode and cathode multilayer structures, Anode current collector layer containing the permeable anode reactant pathway, an anode electrode layer including the planar transparent anode electrode, An electrolyte layer comprising at least one or both of the planar electrolytes, A cathode electrode layer containing a planar permeable cathode electrode, A cathode current collector layer containing the cathode current collector, which accommodates the permeable cathode reactant pathway. Arranged to form a cell having a multiple layered arrangement, The fuel cell according to claim 19.

21. As reactant and oxidizing agent pathways passing through the anode and cathode electrodes, Paths oriented in mutually different directions, for example Paths oriented substantially perpendicular to each other within their respective parallel planes. The inlet and outlet of the anode and cathode electrodes are oriented to provide a path having one of the following: A fuel cell according to either claim 19 or 20.

22. Fuel cell stack / set - Figure 6 "Stack" and Figure 3 A stack or set of fuel cells comprising a plurality of fuel cells according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein some or all of the reactant pathways are arranged in the same direction, and some or all of the oxidant pathways are arranged in the same direction.

23. Stack – A set of interdigitated cells – Figure 6 "Stack" and Figure 3 The plurality of fuel cell sets are arranged to be interdigitated with adjacent sets of cells such that they have at least one or both of the following: a reaction species pathway oriented in the opposite direction, or an oxidation species pathway oriented in the opposite direction. The stack according to claim 22.

24. Coolant cell, coolant supply and discharge channel Furthermore, the system includes a chemical coolant cell, and the chemical coolant cell includes at least one permeable chemical coolant catalyst layer, which contains a permeable chemical coolant catalyst layer pathway for transporting a chemical coolant (e.g., at least methane and vapor, or ammonia) for thermally regulating (cooling) the stack assembly. The stack assembly according to either claim 22 or 23.

25. A permeable chemical coolant catalyst layer is disposed between a pair of layers, for example, between at least one or both of the interconnection layers or the permeable or solid electrical conductor layers. The stack assembly according to claim 24.

26. A chemical coolant cell is arranged adjacent to at least one fuel cell, or between a pair of adjacent fuel cells, and optionally, an insulating dense layer is arranged between the chemical coolant cell and at least one fuel cell or a pair of adjacent fuel cells. The stack assembly according to claim 25.

27. It includes at least one chemical coolant supply channel (coolant+) and at least one chemical coolant discharge channel (coolant-), and the at least one chemical coolant supply channel and the at least one chemical coolant discharge channel are connected via a set of multiple chemical coolant cells including the chemical coolant cell. The stack assembly according to any one of claims 24 to 26.

28. The set of multiple chemical coolant cells includes multiple chemical coolant cells and is optionally arranged in at least one or both of the following directions: transverse or parallel to the chemical coolant supply channel. The stack assembly according to any one of claims 24 to 27.

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