Splines, spline assemblies, spindle holder mechanisms, wheel mechanisms, and transmission mechanisms

Abstract

[Problem] The present invention provides a spline, a spline assembly, a spindle holder mechanism, a wheel mechanism, and a transmission mechanism. [Solution] Multiple teeth are formed at the drive end of the spline, uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spline, and the tooth surface includes a tip conical surface, an inclined surface, and a root conical surface. The inclined surface is inclined with respect to the axis of the spline. The tip conical surface, the inclined surface, and the root conical surface are connected in sequence. The tooth surfaces of the multiple teeth are connected in sequence to form an annular curved surface which is a primary continuous periodic corrugated surface. The tip conical surface, the inclined surface, and the root conical surface are all working tooth surfaces and are all unfoldable curved surfaces. The tip height of the multiple teeth is the same. The root height of the multiple teeth is the same. When two splines are connected, gapless contact of all tooth surfaces can be achieved, precise radial, axial, and circumferential positioning is possible, connection strength is high, rigidity is high, it is applicable to high-rigidity connections between high-speed rotating members, the tooth surfaces transition smoothly, no stress concentration occurs, and there is no risk of fatigue fracture.

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 This specification relates to an end face connection mechanism for machine parts, and particularly to splines, spline assemblies, spindle holder mechanisms, wheel mechanisms, and transmission mechanisms. 【Background Art】 【0002】 In machine manufacturing, it is necessary to connect shaft parts, disk parts, and sleeve parts to each other. Common connection methods include parallel keys, splines, semi-circular keys, tangent keys, elastic expansion sleeves, clamping, end face keys, Haas couplings, and cubic couplings. However, these connection methods cannot simultaneously consider high strength, high reliability, low cost, easy attachment and detachment, and application to connections between rotating members of high-speed machines. The patent with application number 202010002807.4 discloses a spline having a waveform end face. A plurality of teeth are formed on the end face of the spline. Each tooth includes a tooth tip, a tooth root, and an operating tooth surface. The plurality of teeth are formed on the end face in the order of tooth tip, operating tooth surface, tooth root, operating tooth surface, and tooth tip. The end face of one spline and the end face of the other spline can mesh to achieve a rigid connection of the two splines. However, for each tooth, only the inclined surface is the operating tooth surface, and the loadable operating pressure is limited. When two splines are connected, there is a gap between the two meshing end faces. Dust is likely to enter this gap, and coolant leaks from this gap. The meshing area of the two meshing end faces decreases, and the connection reliability deteriorates. 【Prior Art Documents】 【Patent Documents】 【0003】 【Patent Document 1】 Chinese Patent Application No. 202010002807.4 【Summary of the Invention】 【Problems to be Solved by the Invention】 【0004】 Conventional splines have only inclined surfaces as working tooth surfaces, and the loadable pressure is limited. As a result, when two splines are connected, dust can easily enter between the two meshing end faces, reducing the meshing area and decreasing connection reliability. To solve these problems, the present invention provides a spline, a spline assembly, a spindle holder mechanism, a wheel mechanism, and a transmission mechanism. [Means for solving the problem] 【0005】 The present invention relates to a spline, wherein a plurality of teeth are formed at the transmission end of the spline, uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spline. The tooth surfaces of the aforementioned plurality of teeth are connected in sequence to form an annular curved surface which is a primary continuous periodic wave surface. Each tooth surface includes a tip conical surface, a root conical surface, and an inclined surface that tangentially connects the tip conical surface and the root conical surface and is inclined with respect to the axis of the spline. The aforementioned tooth tip conical surface, inclined surface, and tooth root conical surface are all working tooth surfaces, and all are curved surfaces that can be unfolded. The present invention provides a spline in which the tip heights of the plurality of teeth are all the same, the root heights of the plurality of teeth are all the same, the tip height is h1, the root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy 0 ≤ h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm. 【0006】 More selectively, the tip conical surface is symmetrical with respect to the tip radial surface, and the root conical surface is symmetrical with respect to the root radial surface. The tip conical surface forms the tooth tip, the radial surface of the tooth tip is the radial center surface of the tooth tip passing through the axis of the spline, the root conical surface forms the tooth root, and the radial surface of the tooth root is the radial center surface of the tooth root passing through the axis of the spline. 【0007】 More selectively, the axis of the tip conical surface is set inclined with respect to the axis of the spline, the generatrix at the highest position of the tip conical surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline, and / or The axis of the tooth root cone is set at an inclination with respect to the axis of the spline, and the generatrix at the lowest position of the tooth root cone is perpendicular to the axis of the spline. 【0008】 More selectively, the two adjacent teeth are symmetrical with respect to the radial central plane of the tooth groove formed between the two adjacent teeth. 【0009】 More selectively, the tip conical surface and the root conical surface are both conical surfaces, or It is an elliptical cone whose major axis is perpendicular to the axis of the spline. 【0010】 More selectively, the annular surface may be formed by being surrounded by cylindrical or conical surfaces. 【0011】 More selectively, the annular curved surface is designed to be machined and formed by the side cutting edge of an end mill. 【0012】 More selectively, the angle between the projection line of the tangent to the tooth tip cone surface and the inclined surface onto the tooth tip radial plane and the tooth tip tangent surface is θ, and the angle between the projection line of the tangent to the tooth root cone surface and the inclined surface onto the tooth root radial plane and the tooth root tangent surface is δ. The above θ and δ satisfy 3°≦θ≦25° and 3°≦δ≦25°. The tooth tip contact surface is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spline and tangent to the tooth tip cone surface, and the tooth root contact surface is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spline and tangent to the tooth root cone surface. 【0013】 More selectively, the angle between the inclined surface and the axis of the spline is γ, where γ satisfies 5° ≤ γ ≤ 45°. 【0014】 More selectively, the angle between the axis of the tooth tip cone and the generatrix at the highest position is α, and the angle between the axis of the tooth root cone and the generatrix at the lowest position is β. The above α and β satisfy 5°≦α≦30° and 5°≦β≦30°. 【0015】 More selectively, α and β are such that 0° ≤ α - β ≤ 10° -8 To further satisfy the degree. 【0016】 The present invention further provides a spline assembly including a first spline and a second spline, both of which are any of the splines described above. The tooth surfaces of the first spline and the second spline mesh to connect the first spline and the second spline. 【0017】 The present invention further provides a spline assembly including a first spline and a second spline, both of which are any of the splines described above. The tooth surfaces of the first spline and the second spline mesh to connect the first spline and the second spline. When the first spline is connected to the second spline, there are two meshing states between the tooth surface of the first spline and the tooth surface of the second spline, and these two meshing states include a full tooth surface contact state and a partial tooth surface contact state. The full tooth surface contact state is a state in which the entire tooth surface of the first spline and the entire tooth surface of the second spline are in complete contact, and the partial tooth surface contact state is a state in which only all of the inclined surfaces of the first spline and all of the inclined surfaces of the second spline are in contact. When α = β, the tooth surfaces of the first spline and the second spline are in the state of complete tooth surface contact. If α > β and no preload is applied to the first spline and the second spline, the tooth surfaces of the first spline and the second spline are in the state of partial tooth surface contact. If α > β and preload is applied to the first spline and the second spline, the tooth surfaces of the first spline and the second spline are in the state of complete tooth surface contact. 【0018】 The present invention further provides a spindle holder mechanism for a machine tool. The spindle holder mechanism includes a spindle, a holder, and any one of the above spline assemblies. A first spline is formed at one end of the spindle, a second spline is formed at one end of the holder, and the first spline and the second spline mesh with each other so as to connect the spindle and the holder. 【0019】 The present invention further provides a wheel mechanism. The wheel mechanism includes a plurality of worm gears provided in sequence, and any one of the above spline assemblies. A first spline is formed at one axial end of the worm gear, and a second spline is formed at the other axial end of the worm gear. Two adjacent worm gears can be integrally connected via the first spline and the second spline. Alternatively, the wheel mechanism includes a plurality of compressor impellers provided in sequence, and any one of the above spline assemblies. A first spline is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller, and a second spline is formed at the other axial end of the compressor impeller. Two adjacent compressor impellers can be integrally connected via the first spline and the second spline. Alternatively, the wheel mechanism includes an adjacent worm gear, a compressor impeller, and any one of the above spline assemblies. A first spline is formed at one axial end of the worm gear, and a second spline is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller. The first spline and the second spline mesh with each other so as to integrally connect the worm gear and the compressor impeller. 【0020】 The present invention further provides a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism includes a disk-shaped member, a rotating shaft, and any one of the above spline assemblies. A first spline is formed at one end of the disk-shaped member, a shoulder is formed on the rotating shaft, and a second spline is formed at one end of the shoulder. The first spline and the second spline mesh with each other so as to transmit and connect the disk-shaped member and the rotating shaft. 【0021】 The present invention further provides a transmission mechanism for a winch. The transmission mechanism includes a roller, a drive gear, and any one of the above spline assemblies. A first spline is formed at one end of the roller, and a second spline is formed at one end of the drive gear. The first spline and the second spline mesh with each other so that the roller and the drive gear can be transmission-connected. 【Effects of the Invention】 【0022】 Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly as follows. 【0023】 The tip conical surface, the inclined surface, and the root conical surface are all developable curved surfaces, with good machinability. When machining the tooth surface, the developable curved surface and the side edge of the tool are in close contact, and the tool can be continuously fed to be machined and formed at one time, thus improving the machining efficiency and reducing the machining cost. When two splines with the same structure are connected, the tooth surfaces of the two splines can unconditionally achieve complete tooth surface adhesion, or complete tooth surface adhesion can be achieved under the action of an axial pre-tension force. Due to the complete tooth surface adhesion, dust can be prevented from entering between the two meshing tooth surfaces. Also, when the main shaft and the holder are connected through the two splines, coolant leakage between the gaps of the two meshing tooth surfaces can be prevented. The tip conical surface, the inclined surface, and the root conical surface are all operating tooth surfaces. Due to the complete tooth surface adhesion, the operating pressure of the tooth is distributed to the tip conical surface, the inclined surface, and the root conical surface, improving the load-bearing pressure of the inclined surface. The complete tooth surface adhesion can achieve accurate radial, axial, and circumferential positioning, with high connection strength, high connection rigidity, and high reliability. When connecting two rotating members through the spline and the rotating members rotate at high speed, the axial pre-pressure between the two splines is not relaxed, and the rotational torque can be accurately transmitted, which is applicable to the high-rigidity connection between high-speed rotating members. In each tooth, the apical conical surface, the inclined surface, and the atomic conical surface are sequentially in contact and connected, with a smooth transition between them. This prevents stress concentration during tooth movement, ensures continuous and smooth pre-pressure on the tooth surface, eliminates the risk of fatigue fracture, and extends the lifespan of the tooth. [Brief explanation of the drawing] 【0024】 To more clearly illustrate embodiments of the present invention or technical concepts in the prior art, the drawings that may be used in the following descriptions of embodiments or the prior art are briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following descriptions are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art may derive drawings of other embodiments from the provided drawings without expending any creative effort. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., described herein are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, but are merely for the understanding and interpretation of those skilled in the art in accordance with the disclosed content of the present invention, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of structure, change in proportion, or adjustment of size should remain within the scope covered by the disclosed technical content of the present invention, as long as it does not affect the effects that the present invention can produce and the objectives that it can achieve. [Figure 1a] This is a schematic diagram of the axial side structure of one embodiment of the spline according to the present invention. [Figure 1b] This is a schematic diagram of the axial side structure of one embodiment of the spline according to the present invention. [Figure 1c] This is a schematic diagram of the axial side structure of one embodiment of the spline according to the present invention. [Figure 1d] This is a schematic diagram of the axial side structure of one embodiment of the spline according to the present invention. [Figure 1e] This is a magnified view of the tooth in Figure 1b. [Figure 1f] This is a schematic front view of one embodiment of a spline according to the present invention. [Figure 1g] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the contour of some teeth of a spline according to the present invention. [Figure 2a] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment in which the first spline and the second spline according to the present invention are not connected. [Figure 2b] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment in which the first spline and the second spline are connected according to the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment in which the spindle and holder are assembled according to the present invention. [Figure 4a] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of the spline according to the present invention. [Figure 4b] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the transmission mechanism when the disc-shaped member and rotating shaft are disassembled according to the present invention. [Figure 4c] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a transmission mechanism in which a disc-shaped member and a rotating shaft are assembled according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention] 【0025】 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand from the disclosure herein other advantages and effects of the present invention, and obviously the described examples are only some, if not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the examples in the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. 【0026】 The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are merely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “one,” “the said,” and “the said,” as used in the embodiments and appended claims of the present invention, are also intended to include plural forms, which generally include at least two but do not exclude cases including at least one, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 【0027】 As used herein, the terms "and / or" merely describe the relationship between related objects, and it should be understood that there may be three possible relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, or B exists alone. Also, the letter " / " in this specification generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. 【0028】 To further clarify, the terms “include,” “contain,” or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion such that a product or system containing a set of elements also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or elements specific to such a product or system. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase “includes one…” does not preclude the existence of another identical element in a product or system containing that element. 【0029】 In conventional end-face splines, only the inclined surface of each tooth is the working tooth surface, and the loadable operating pressure is limited. When two splines are connected, there is a gap between the two meshing end faces, and dust can easily enter this gap, causing the pre-pressure on the tooth surface to suddenly stop. This leads to a reduction in the meshing area of ​​the two meshing end faces and a decrease in connection reliability. 【0030】 The present invention creatively provides a spline in which a plurality of teeth are formed at the transmission end of the spline, the plurality of teeth are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spline, the tooth surfaces of the plurality of teeth are connected in sequence to form an annular curved surface which is a primary continuous periodic corrugated surface, and each tooth surface includes a tip conical surface, a root conical surface, and an inclined surface which tangentially connects the tip conical surface and the root conical surface and is provided at an inclination with respect to the axis of the spline. When two splines of the same structure are connected, it is possible to achieve unconditional full contact between the tooth surfaces of the two splines, or full contact under the action of axial pretension. It is possible to prevent dust from entering between the two meshing tooth surfaces, and the tip conical surface, inclined surface, and root conical surface of each tooth are all involved in the operation, the pre-pressure on the tooth surface is continuous and smoothly transitions, and the loadable pressure of the inclined surface is improved. Since the tip conical surface, inclined surface, and root conical surface are all expandable curved surfaces, the machinability is good, improving processing efficiency and reducing processing costs. It solves the problem of poor connection reliability when two splines are connected because the loadable pressure of the inclined surface is limited, resulting in a small meshing area between the two meshing end faces. 【0031】 Example 1 <Spline> As shown in Figures 1a to 1g, this embodiment provides a spline, and a plurality of teeth 11 are formed at the transmission end of the spline 1, uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spline 1. The tooth surfaces of multiple teeth 11 are connected in sequence to form an annular curved surface, preferably the annular curved surface is a first-order continuous periodic wave surface. The tip heights of multiple teeth 11 are all the same, and the root heights of multiple teeth 11 are all the same. The tip height is h1, the root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy the condition 0 ≤ h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm. 【0032】 Each tooth surface of the tooth 11 includes a tip conical surface 111, a root conical surface 113, and an inclined surface 112 that tangentially connects the tip conical surface 111 and the root conical surface 113 and is inclined with respect to the axis of the spline 1 (abbreviated as the spline axis 141). In each tooth 11, both sides of the tip conical surface 111 are provided with an inclined surface 112 and a root conical surface 113. That is, one root conical surface 113, one inclined surface 112, the tip conical surface 111, the other inclined surface 112, and the other root conical surface 113 are sequentially connected tangentially along the circumferential direction of the spline 1 to form the tooth surface of the tooth 11. The tip conical surface 111 is positioned to form the tooth tip, and the root conical surface 113 is positioned to form the tooth root. Preferably, in each tooth 11, the tip conical surface 111, the inclined surface 112, and the root conical surface 113 all constitute the working tooth surface and are also unfoldable curved surfaces. Preferably, the entire tooth surface of the spline 1 is also an unfoldable curved surface. 【0033】 Specifically, as shown in Figures 1a to 1g, a tooth groove 12 is formed between two adjacent teeth 11, and the teeth 11 of one spline 1 and the tooth groove 12 of the other spline 1 mesh so that the two splines 1 can be connected. A cylindrical surface is formed with the average diameter of spline 1 as the diameter and the spline axis 141 as the axis. There is a circle on this cylindrical surface, and if the thickness of the corresponding tooth 11 on this circle is equal to the width of the tooth groove 12, then this circle becomes the pitch circle of spline 1, and the intersection point between the pitch circle and the inclined surface 112 is the midpoint of the tooth surface. A plane perpendicular to the spline axis 141 is created passing through the midpoint of the tooth surface, and this plane is the tooth reference plane 151, and the line of intersection between the tooth reference plane 151 and the inclined surface 112 intersects with the spline axis 141 at a single point which is the origin of spline 1. A plane perpendicular to the spline axis 141 and tangent to the tooth tip conical surface 111 is formed, and this plane is the tooth tip contact surface 152. The distance between the tooth tip contact surface 152 and the tooth reference surface 151 is the tooth tip height. A plane perpendicular to the spline axis 141 and tangent to the tooth root conical surface 113 is formed, and this plane is the tooth root contact surface 153. The distance between the tooth root contact surface 153 and the tooth reference surface 151 is the tooth root height. The tooth tip height is h1, and the tooth root height is h2, and preferably h1 and h2 satisfy 0 ≤ h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm. By satisfying 0 ≤ h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve good complete tooth surface contact under the action of axial pre-tension. More preferably, the minimum gap between the tooth tip of one spline 1 and the tooth root of the other spline 1 is 0.5 μm, and the maximum gap is 2 μm. 【0034】 The above design provides the following important technical advantages compared to the prior art. 【0035】 (1) In each tooth 11, the tip conical surface 111, the inclined surface 112, and the root conical surface 113 are all unfoldable curved surfaces, which transition smoothly in sequence, thereby in this application, (1) The tooth surface has good machinability, and when machining the tooth surface, the unfoldable curved surface and the side cutting edge of the tool are in close contact, allowing the entire annular curved surface to be machined in a single continuous feed of the tool. The forming quality is good, the machining process is optimized, machining efficiency is improved, and machining costs are reduced. (2) When the tooth 11 is in operation, the force acting on the tooth surface is uniform, stress concentration does not occur, there is no risk of fatigue fracture, and the lifespan of the tooth 11 can be extended. (3) Because there are no sharp recess angles on the tooth surface, the recess angles that are unavoidable in Haas couplings and Curvic couplings, and the problem of stress concentration at the tooth root caused by these recess angles, can be avoided. (4) The tip conical surface 111, the inclined surface 112, and the root conical surface 113 are all curved surfaces that can be unfolded. When machining the tooth surface of spline 1, the tool contacts the enveloping surface along a precisely defined straight generatrix, regardless of the tool's diameter, and the machined tooth surface has reliability. As a result, the tip conical surface 111, the inclined surface 112, and the root conical surface 113 have higher operating performance as working tooth surfaces. 【0036】 It should be explained that while the prior art defines the oscillation rules of the end mill, the contact line between the end mill and the envelope surface is a spatial curve, so the transition surfaces machined by end mills of different diameters according to the same oscillation rules will be different. In other words, each transition surface itself has uncertainty and cannot be used for intermeshing with the corresponding spline transition surfaces. Furthermore, in the conventional end face splines mentioned in the background art of this application, the two working tooth surfaces are connected via a transition surface, and the transition surface does not participate in the operation. Moreover, the spline is formed by oscillating a cylindrical vertical end mill along the circumferential direction of the spline from a position parallel to one working tooth surface to a position parallel to the other working tooth surface. 【0037】 (2) Furthermore, the tip conical surface 111, inclined surface 112, and root conical surface 113 of each tooth 11 designed in this application are all unfoldable curved surfaces and all constitute working tooth surfaces, which can bring the following further effects to this application. 【0038】 (1) When two splines 1 are connected, the operating pressure of tooth 1 can be distributed to the tip cone surface 111, the inclined surface 112, and the root cone surface 113 of the tooth. The pre-pressure on the tooth surface is continuous, and it is ensured that the transition is smooth. Since there is no stress peak caused by stress interruption, the loadable pressure of the inclined surface 112 can be improved, the operating pressure of the inclined surface 112 can be reduced, and the service life of the inclined surface 112 can be extended. Thereby, the connection strength of the two splines 1 is large, the connection rigidity is high, and the reliability is high. 【0039】 (2) The rotational torque can be accurately transmitted between the two splines 1, and it can withstand the radial force and the overturning torque. 【0040】 (3) Further, in this application, the tip heights of the plurality of teeth 11 are designed to be the same, the root heights of the plurality of teeth 11 are designed to be the same, and the size relationship between the tip height h1 and the root height h2 of the tooth is designed to satisfy 0 ≦ h2 - h1 ≦ 2 μm. Therefore, when the two splines 1 are connected, when the tip height h1 of one spline 1 is equal to the root height h2 of the other spline 1, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can unconditionally achieve complete tooth surface contact. When the tip height h1 of one spline 1 is smaller than the root height h2 of the other spline 1, that is, 0 < h2 - h1 ≦ 2 μm, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve complete tooth surface contact under the action of the axial pre-tension. 【0041】 Specifically, when the two splines 1 are connected, there are a first complete tooth surface contact state and a second complete tooth surface contact state between the two meshing tooth surfaces. The contact tightness of the two meshing tooth surfaces in the first complete tooth surface contact state is smaller than the contact tightness of the two meshing tooth surfaces in the second complete tooth surface contact state, and the operating pressure of the inclined surface 112 in the first complete tooth surface contact state is smaller than the operating pressure of the inclined surface 112 in the second complete tooth surface contact state. When the tip height h1 of one spline 1 is equal to the root height h2 of the other spline 1, the two meshing tooth surfaces are in the first complete tooth surface contact state. When the tip height h1 of one spline 1 is smaller than the root height h2 of the other spline 1, the two meshing tooth surfaces are in the second complete tooth surface contact state. 【0042】 As a result of the size parameter design of h2 and h1 described above, when the two splines described above are used to connect the spindle and the holder in this application, the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve good complete tooth surface contact under the action of axial pretensile force from a pull stud or other tensioning member. 【0043】 Thus, the improvement in the complete tooth surface contact of the two splines 1 in this application has the following effects. 【0044】 (1) This avoids the problem of reduced contact area and decreased connection reliability due to dust entering between the two meshing tooth surfaces. Furthermore, it avoids the problem of difficulty in establishing cooling pressure within the tool because coolant leaks from the gap between the two meshing tooth surfaces when the spindle and holder are connected via two splines. (2) Precise radial, axial, and circumferential positioning can be achieved, eliminating the six degrees of freedom between the two splines 1, and rotational torque can be accurately transmitted between the two splines 1. It can withstand radial forces and overturning torque. In particular, when two rotating members are connected via the splines 1 and the rotating members rotate at high speed, the axial preload between the two splines 1 does not loosen, achieving a highly rigid connection between the two high-speed rotating members. 【0045】 In a preferred example of this embodiment, the tooth surface of spline 1 is machined and formed by the side cutting edge of an end mill. When machining the tooth surface of spline 1 with the side cutting edge of an end mill, each generatrix on the tooth surface can be in close contact with the generatrix on the rotating surface formed by the rotation of the end mill. Theoretically, there is no problem of machining error, the machining quality is good, and there is no need to intentionally leave a gap in some parts of the tooth surface in order to bring in close contact with other parts of the two meshing tooth surfaces. Alternatively, the surface can be machined and formed using an end mill and a grinding wheel. Preferably, the annular curved surface consisting of the tooth surfaces of multiple teeth is formed by being surrounded by cylindrical or conical surfaces. 【0046】 This embodiment further proposes the following: The inclined surface 112 on one side of the tip cone surface 111 and the inclined surface 112 on the other side of the tip cone surface 111 are provided symmetrically with respect to the tip radial surface 154. The root cone surface 113 on one side of the tip cone surface 111 and the root cone surface 113 on the other side of the tip cone surface 111 are provided symmetrically with respect to the root radial surface 155. Two adjacent teeth 11 are symmetrical with respect to the radial center plane of the tooth groove 12 formed between the two adjacent teeth 11. The tooth design method is optimized, and the two splines can be reliably connected. 【0047】 The tooth tip radial surface 154 is the radial center surface of the tooth tip, passing through the spline axis 141, and the tooth root radial surface 155 is the radial center surface of the tooth root, passing through the spline axis 141. 【0048】 This embodiment further proposes that by making the tip conical surface 111 symmetrical with respect to the tip radial surface 154 and the root conical surface 113 symmetrical with respect to the root radial surface 155, the structural design of the tip conical surface 111 and the root conical surface 113 can be made more rational, thereby further improving the connection reliability of the two splines 1. 【0049】 The specific distribution method and structure of the reference lines for the tip cone surface 111 and the root cone surface 113 are not limited. In terms of distribution method, the reference lines for the tip cone surface 111 and the root cone surface 113 may be planar curves or spatial curves. In terms of structure, the reference lines for the tip cone surface 111 and the root cone surface 113 may be circles, ellipses, polygons, or curves consisting of an arc and a straight section, or they may be the intersection lines of either the cone surface and a curved surface, for example, the intersection line of a plane and the outer cylindrical surface of a spline. 【0050】 In some embodiments, the reference line of the tooth tip conical surface 111 and the reference line of the tooth root conical surface 113 are both circles, and both the tooth tip conical surface 111 and the tooth root conical surface 113 are conical surfaces, resulting in a simple structure. The teeth 11 can be machined using an end mill with a large diameter, and the rigidity, machining efficiency, and machining accuracy of the end mill are all high. In another embodiment, the reference line of the tip cone surface 111 and the reference line of the root cone surface 113 are both elliptical, and both the tip cone surface 111 and the root cone surface 113 are elliptical cones. The major axis of the elliptical cone surface is perpendicular to the spline axis 141. This is also applicable when the tooth height of the spline 1 is small, the axial size occupied by the spline 1 is small, and the structural size-to-weight ratio is important. The tooth height is the axial distance between the generatrix 114 at the highest position of the tooth tip and the generatrix 115 at the lowest position of the tooth root. 【0051】 This embodiment proposes further improvements, as shown in Figure 1d, where the tip cone surface 111 is located, the apex of the tip base cone surface 131 is the intersection of the axis of the tip cone surface 111 (abbreviated as the tip axis 142) and the line 116 where the highest position generatrix is ​​located, and is generally located between the spline axis 141 and the tip cone surface 111, and does not exceed the spline axis 141. The apex of the root base cone surface 132 where the root cone surface 113 is located is the intersection of the axis of the root cone surface 113 (abbreviated as the root axis 143) and the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix is ​​located, and is generally located between the spline axis 141 and the root cone surface 113, and does not exceed the spline axis 141. The tooth tip axis 142 is set at an angle with respect to the spline axis 141, the generatrix 114 at the highest position of the tooth tip conical surface 111 is perpendicular to the spline axis 141, that is, the line 116 on which the generatrix at the highest position is located is perpendicular to the spline axis 141, the tooth root axis 143 is set at an angle with respect to the spline axis 141, the generatrix 115 at the lowest position of the tooth root conical surface 113 is perpendicular to the spline axis 141, that is, the line 117 on which the generatrix at the lowest position is located is perpendicular to the spline axis 141, optimizing the structure of the tooth tip conical surface 111 and the tooth root conical surface 113 and ensuring a secure connection between the two splines 1. 【0052】 As shown in Figure 1d, when the tooth tip height h1 of spline 1 is equal to the tooth root height h2 (i.e., the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can unconditionally achieve perfect tooth surface contact), the apex of the tooth tip base cone surface 131 where the tooth tip cone surface 111 is located and the apex of the tooth root base cone surface 132 where the tooth root cone surface 113 is located lie on the same conical apex cylindrical surface 156. When the tooth tip height h1 of spline 1 is less than the tooth root height h2 (i.e., the tooth surfaces of the two splines 1 can achieve perfect tooth surface contact under the action of axial pretensile force), the apex of the tooth tip base cone surface 131 where the tooth tip cone surface 111 is located and the apex of the tooth root base cone surface 132 where the tooth root cone surface 113 is located do not lie on the same conical apex cylindrical surface. The conical apex cylindrical surface is provided coaxially with spline 1 and has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter cylindrical surface of spline 1. 【0053】 Specifically, the tooth tip axis 142 and the line 116 where the generatrix at the highest position of the tooth tip conical surface 111 is located, and the spline axis 141 are both located within the tooth tip radial direction surface 154, while the tooth root axis 143 and the line 117 where the generatrix at the lowest position of the tooth root conical surface 113 is located, and the spline axis 141 are both located within the tooth root radial direction surface 155. Along the radial direction of spline 1 from outside to inside, the tooth tip axis 142 is obliquely above the spline axis 141, and the tooth root axis 143 is obliquely below the oblique angle of the spline axis 141. 【0054】 Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1d, the tangent line between the tip conical surface 111 and the inclined surface 112 is the tip tangent line 145, and the line obtained by projecting the tip tangent line 145 onto the tip radial surface 154 is the tip tangent projection line 147. The angle between the tip tangent projection line 147 and the tip tangent surface is θ, that is, the angle between the tip tangent projection line 147 and the line 116 where the generatrix at the highest position of the tip conical surface 111 is located is θ. The tangent line between the root conical surface 113 and the inclined surface 112 is the root tangent line 146, and the line obtained by projecting the root tangent line 146 onto the root radial surface 155 is the root tangent projection line 148. The angle between the tangent projection line 148 and the tangent surface is δ, that is, the angle between the tangent projection line 148 and the line 117 on which the generatrix at the lowest position of the tangent cone surface 113 is located is δ. θ and δ are formed naturally after all other parameters have been determined, satisfying 3°≦θ≦25° and 3°≦δ≦25°, increasing the area of ​​the inclined surface 112 along the radial direction of spline 1, expanding the contact area of ​​the two meshing inclined surfaces 112 when the two splines are connected, and increasing the loadable pressure on the inclined surface 112, preferably θ is close to 10 degrees and δ is close to 10 degrees. 【0055】 Furthermore, the angle between the tooth tip axis 142 and the line 116 where the highest position generatrix is ​​located is α, the angle between the tooth root axis 143 and the line 117 where the lowest position generatrix is ​​located is β, and the angle between the inclined surface 112 and the spline axis 141 is γ. This increases the contact area between the meshing tooth tip conical surface 111 and tooth root conical surface 113 when the two splines are connected, and increases the loadable pressure on the meshing tooth tip conical surface 111 and tooth root conical surface 113. Preferably, α, β, and γ are 5°≦α≦30°, 5°≦β≦30°, 5°≦γ≦45°, and 0°≦α-β≦10°. -8 To satisfy the degree. 【0056】 Specifically, as shown in Figure 1c, the tooth tip base cone surface 131 on which the tooth tip cone surface 111 is located is a cone surface with the tooth tip axis 142 as its axis, the tooth tip reference line 133 as its reference line, passing through the highest position generatrix 114, and its apex located radially inward of the spline 1. The tooth tip cone surface 111 is a part of the tooth tip base cone surface 131, The root base cone surface 132, where the root cone surface 113 is located, is a cone surface whose axis is the root axis 143, whose reference line is the root reference line 134, whose lowest position is the generatrix 115, and whose apex is radially inward of the spline 1. The root cone surface 113 is a part of the root base cone surface 132. 【0057】 The specific structure and formation method of the tooth tip cone 111 and tooth root cone 113 will be further explained using the example where both the tooth tip cone 111 and the tooth root cone 113 are elliptical cones. As shown in the left portion of Figure 1g, an inner cylindrical surface 17 is formed with the inner diameter of the spline 1 as the diameter and the spline axis 141 as the axis. It should be noted that the inner cylindrical surface 17 is a virtual shape, not a physical one. The teeth 11 of the spline 1 may intersect the inner cylindrical surface 17, forming an intersection line that outlines the teeth 11 of the spline 1. Assuming that a piece of paper with a thickness of 0 is unfolded into a plane, the intersection line unfolds into a single planar curve, and this planar curve is the involute line 18 of the intersection line, as shown in the right portion of Figure 1g. 【0058】 The inclined surface 112 includes a first inclined surface 1121 and a second inclined surface 1122. The involute line portion corresponding to the first inclined surface 1121 is the first section 181 on the involute line 18, the involute line portion corresponding to the tooth tip conical surface 111 is the second section 182 on the involute line 18, and the involute line portion corresponding to the second inclined surface 1122 is the third section 183 on the involute line 18. The involute line portion corresponding to the tooth root conical surface 113 is the fourth section 184 on the involute line 18. The first section 181 and the third section 183 are inclined lines, while the second section 182 and the fourth section 184 are both elliptical arcs. The first section 181 and the second section 182 are tangent at the first endpoint 191, the second section 182 and the third section 183 are tangent at the second endpoint 192, and the third section 183 and the fourth section 184 are tangent at the third endpoint 193. The teeth 11 of spline 1 shown in Figure 1g may be machined with the side cutting edge of an end mill with an outer diameter of 5 mm. When two splines 1 are connected, the minimum gap between the tooth tip and the meshing tooth root is 0.5 μm, and the maximum gap is 2 μm. That is, the radius of curvature of the involute line of the tooth tip conical surface 111 and the radius of curvature of the involute line of the tooth root conical surface 113 are designed such that when two identical splines 1 are connected, the gap between the tooth tip and the meshing tooth root is 0.0001 to 0.0004 times the diameter of the end mill. 【0059】 Preferably, the spline 1 in this embodiment has an outer diameter of 63.5 mm, an inner diameter of 52 mm, a pressure angle of 20°, a tip height of 4.9995 mm, and a root height of 5 mm, and includes nine teeth 11. The tip conical surface 111, the inclined surface 112, and the root conical surface 113 are all unfoldable curved surfaces, and when the teeth 11 of the spline 1 are finished using a line contact method with the side cutting edge of an end mill, the axis of the end mill must always oscillate during the machining process. Therefore, in a 5-axis linked machining center, the teeth 11 of the spline 1 can be milled using the side cutting edge of a cylindrical end mill or a conical end mill. Compared to a hearth coupling, continuous machining using a line contact method with the side cutting edge of an end mill can be improved by at least an order of magnitude in efficiency, and it becomes possible to have an axial extension at the center of the spline 1. 【0060】 <Spline Assembly> As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, this embodiment provides a spline assembly. The spline assembly includes a first spline and a second spline, where the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are both any of the above-described splines. The tooth surfaces of the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 mesh to connect the first spline 161 and the second spline 162. When the first spline 161 is connected to the second spline 162, there are two meshing states between the tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the tooth surface of the second spline 162. The two meshing states include a full tooth surface contact state and a partial tooth surface contact state. The full tooth surface contact state is a state in which the entire tooth surface of the first spline 161 and the entire tooth surface of the second spline 162 are in complete contact. The partial tooth surface contact state is a state in which all inclined surfaces 112 of the first spline 161 and all inclined surfaces 112 of the second spline 162 are in contact, with a gap of a micron or submicron level between all the tip cone surfaces 111 of the first spline 161 and all the root cone surfaces 113 of the second spline 162, and a gap of a micron or submicron level between all the root cone surfaces 113 of the first spline 161 and all the tip cone surfaces 111 of the second spline 162. 【0061】 When α=β, regardless of whether or not preload is applied to the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, the tooth surfaces of both the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are in complete contact. When α > β, (1) if no preload is applied to the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, the tooth surfaces of the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are in partial contact, and (2) if preload is applied to the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 and the preload reaches a preset pressure, the gaps between all the tip conical surfaces 111 of the first spline 161 and all the root conical surfaces 113 of the second spline 162, and the gaps between all the root conical surfaces 113 of the first spline 161 and all the tip conical surfaces 111 of the second spline 162 disappear, and the tooth surfaces of the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 are in complete contact. This meshing method ensures that, when using the minimum axial preload, the required preset pressure is obtained between the tooth surfaces of the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, and as the gap is eliminated, the preset pressure is ensured to be uniformly distributed across the two meshing tooth surfaces. The tight contact between the two meshing tooth surfaces prevents dust from entering the connection point between the two splines 1 through the gap between the two meshing tooth surfaces. It also prevents coolant from leaking from the connection point between the two splines when the spindle and holder are connected via the two splines. Applicable to connections between two rotating members that rotate at high speed, the axial preload between the two splines 1 is not relieved during high-speed rotation, resulting in high connection strength, high reliability, ease of installation and removal, and high cost performance. 【0062】 Example 2 As shown in Figure 3, this embodiment provides a spindle holder mechanism. The spindle holder mechanism includes a spindle box 2, a spindle, a holder 3, and one of the spline assemblies described above. The spindle is housed in the spindle box 2, and a first spline 161 is formed on one end of the spindle. A second spline 162 is formed on one end of the holder 3. The first spline 161 and the second spline 162 mesh to connect the spindle and the holder 3. Currently, the holders commonly used in the machine tool industry include BT holders and HSK holders. During high-speed cutting, the spindle bore expands under the action of centrifugal force, and the BT holder is pulled deeper into the spindle bore by the tool tension mechanism, causing a change in the axial position of the tool and reducing machining accuracy. The HSK holder prevents the holder from being pulled further into the spindle bore by utilizing additional end face positioning, but the expansion of the spindle bore reduces the connection rigidity between the HSK holder and the spindle. 【0063】 Compared to BT and HSK holders, holder 3 in this embodiment can provide higher connection rigidity, load capacity, positioning accuracy, and high-speed adaptability. (1) The second spline 162 does not depend on the spindle bore for positioning; all positioning is achieved on the end face of the spindle, and whether or not the spindle bore is expanded does not affect the positioning of holder 3. (2) The tooth height of the second spline 162 is much smaller than the tapered handle length of the two holders, which can shorten the stroke length of the tool changing mechanism and further shorten the tool changing time. This has some value for small, complex parts that require frequent tool changes, such as mobile phone cases. (3) Because the second spline 162 has geometric characteristics that enable high-speed finishing, the manufacturing cost of holder 3 in this embodiment is lower than that of either the BT or HSK holder. 【0064】 For machining small, complex parts, it is necessary to equip a single machining center with dozens of holders 3, and using HSK holders would be costly. By using the holder 3 in this embodiment, it is possible to obtain better performance than HSK holders at a lower cost than BT holders. 【0065】 Example 3 As shown in Figures 4a to 4c, this embodiment provides a power transmission mechanism. The power transmission mechanism includes a disc-shaped member 41, a rotating shaft 42, and one of the spline assemblies described above. A first spline 161 is formed on one end of the disc-shaped member 41, a shoulder 421 is formed on the rotating shaft 42, and a second spline 162 is formed on one end of the shoulder 421. The second spline 162 and the first spline 161 mesh to connect the rotating shaft 42 and the disc-shaped member 41. 【0066】 Specifically, a shaft hole 411 is formed in the disc-shaped member 41, and a tapered section is formed at the end of the shaft hole 411 away from the first spline 161, with a tapered expansion sleeve 43 provided within the tapered section. The rotating shaft 42 is drilled in the shaft hole 411 and the tapered expansion sleeve 43, respectively. An opening is formed in the side wall of the tapered expansion sleeve 43, passing through it. As a result, when the tapered expansion sleeve 43 is pressed by the tapered section, its radius decreases to grip the rotating shaft, and it also provides radial support and positioning assistance for the rotating shaft 42. A shoulder 421 is located at one end of the disc-shaped member 41, and the shoulder 421 and the disc-shaped member 41 are connected to the first spline 161 via a second spline 162. The other end of the rotating shaft 42 is located at the other end of the disc-shaped member 41, and the rotating shaft 42 and the disc-shaped member 41 are fixedly connected by a nut 44 and a tapered expansion sleeve 43. The nut 44 provides an axial clamping force to the rotating shaft 42 via the tapered expansion sleeve 43. By rotating either the disc-shaped member 41 or the rotating shaft 42, the other can be rotated. Specifically, a male thread is formed on the other end of the rotating shaft 42, and a female thread is formed on the nut 44, and the male thread and female thread mesh to connect the rotating shaft 42 and the nut 44. 【0067】 Both the splines and threads on the rotating axis 42 can be clamped and machined simultaneously in a large horizontal cutting and machining center, making assembly and disassembly easy. When machining the splines on the rotating axis 42, the tip of the end mill can be pointed towards the axis of the shoulder 421, and the spline 1 can also be milled. In addition, a 5-axis linked cutting and machining center or a horizontal 5-axis machining center can also machine the second spline 162. 【0068】 In this embodiment, the spline 1 connection offers higher strength of the rotating shaft 42, better performance, and higher reliability compared to a typical parallel key and semicircular key connection. Furthermore, it requires fewer machining equipment, has a simpler machining process, and shorter machining time compared to an involute spline 1 connection. 【0069】 Specifically, in this embodiment, the spline 1 has an outer diameter of 225 mm, an inner diameter of 195 mm, a pressure angle of 20°, a tooth tip height of 5.4995 mm, and includes 30 teeth 11 with a tooth root height of 5.5 mm. The disc-shaped member 41 constitutes a disc gear with 98 teeth, 10 modules, an outer diameter of 1000 mm, and a tooth surface width of 100 mm. 【0070】 Example 4 This embodiment provides a power transmission mechanism. The power transmission mechanism includes a disc-shaped member 41, a rotating shaft 42, and one of the spline assemblies described above. A disc gear is formed on the disc-shaped member 41, and a shaft gear is formed on the rotating shaft 42. A first spline 161 is formed on one end of the disc gear, and a second spline 162 is formed on the other end of the shaft gear. The first spline 161 and the second spline 162 mesh, and the torque of the disc gear is transmitted directly to the shaft gear without passing through the rotating shaft 42, reducing the force borne by the rotating shaft 42. The volume and weight of the mechanism can be reduced, and manufacturing and assembly costs can be further reduced. This power transmission mechanism can be applied to a multi-stage reducer, and the connection between the first spline 161 and the second spline 162 can be used instead of a connection via an intermediate shaft. 【0071】 Example 5 This embodiment provides a transmission mechanism for a winch. The transmission mechanism includes a roller, a drive gear, and one of the spline assemblies described above. A first spline 161 is formed on one end of the roller, and a second spline 162 is formed on one end of the drive gear. The first spline 161 and the second spline 162 mesh, and torque on the drive gear is transmitted directly to the roller without passing through the shaft. This eliminates the need for the winch shaft to withstand the torque, thereby reducing the volume and weight of the winch mechanism. This significantly improves the lifespan and reliability of the winch mechanism and can be used in applications where there are high demands for volume, weight, and reliability of the structure, such as in heavy marine industry. 【0072】 Example 6 This embodiment provides a turbine. The turbine includes a turbine shaft, an impeller, and one of the spline assemblies described above. A first spline 161 is formed on one end of the turbine shaft, and a second spline 162 is formed on one end of the impeller. The first spline 161 and the second spline 162 mesh to connect the turbine shaft and the impeller. This not only significantly improves processing efficiency and reduces manufacturing costs, but also provides higher airtightness and prevents cracking due to stress concentration at the tooth root. 【0073】 Example 7 This embodiment provides a wheel mechanism. The wheel mechanism includes a plurality of sequentially arranged worm gears and one of the spline assemblies described above. A first spline 161 is formed on one axial end of the worm gear, and a second spline 162 is formed on the other axial end of the worm gear. Two adjacent worm gears can be rigidly connected integrally via the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, eliminating the need for an intermediate shaft and improving the airtightness of the connection point between the two worm gears. Alternatively, the wheel mechanism includes a plurality of compressor impellers arranged in sequence, and one of the spline assemblies described above. A first spline 161 is formed on one axial end of the compressor impeller, and a second spline 162 is formed on the other axial end of the compressor impeller. Two adjacent compressor impellers can be rigidly connected integrally via the first spline 161 and the second spline 162, eliminating the need for an intermediate shaft and improving the airtightness of the connection point between the two compressor impellers. Alternatively, the wheel mechanism includes an adjacent worm gear, a compressor impeller, and one of the spline assemblies described above. A first spline 161 is formed on one axial end of each worm gear, and a second spline 162 is formed on one axial end of each compressor impeller. The first spline 161 and the second spline 162 mesh together to rigidly connect the worm gear and the compressor impeller as a single unit, eliminating the need for an intermediate shaft and improving the airtightness of the connection between the worm gear and the compressor impeller. 【0074】 In a vertical 5-axis linked cutting and machining center or a vertical 5-axis machining center, the splines of the worm gear / compressor impeller can be milled by positioning the tip of the end mill away from the axis of the worm gear / compressor impeller. If the inner diameter of the spline can accommodate the end mill and the spindle head, and the worm gear / compressor impeller does not interfere with the machine tool body during machining, machining programming can be easily implemented. Otherwise, it is necessary to add a right-angle milling head, an angled milling head, or a parallel-axis milling head to the spindle to feed the end mill to the machining target, which simultaneously increases the demands on machining programming capabilities. 【0075】 The above will specifically illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the detailed structures, installation methods, or implementations described herein. Rather, the intent of the present disclosure encompasses various modifications and equivalent installations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. [Explanation of Symbols] 【0076】 1 spline 11 teeth 111 Tooth tip conical surface 112 Slope 1121 1st slope 1122 2nd slope 113 Root conical surface 114 Highest position busbar 115 Lowest position of the spur line 116 The line where the highest position of the spur line is located. 117 The line on which the lowest position of the spur line is located. 12 Tooth grooves 131 Tooth tip base cone 132 Root base cone surface 133 Tooth tip reference line 134. Root reference line 141 Spline axis 142 Tooth tip axis 143 Root axis 145 Tooth tip tangent 146 Root tangent 147 Tooth tip tangent projection line 148 Root tangent projection line 151 Tooth reference surface 152 Tooth tip surface 153 Root contact surface 154 Diameteral surface of the tooth tip 155 Diameteral surface of tooth root 156. Cylindrical surface at the apex of a cone 161 First spline 162 Second spline 17 Inner cylindrical surface 18 Involute lines 181 Section 1 182 Section 2 183 Section 3 184 Section 4 191 1st end point 192 Second end point 193 Third end point 2. Spindle Box 3 holders 41 Disc-shaped member 411 Shaft hole 42 Rotation axis 421 Shoulder 43 Tapered expansion sleeve 44 nuts.

Claims

[Claim 1] A spline, wherein a plurality of teeth (11) are formed at the transmission end of the spline (1) and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spline (1). The tooth surfaces of the plurality of teeth (11) are connected in sequence to form an annular curved surface which is a primary continuous periodic wave surface. Each tooth surface of the tooth (11) includes a tip conical surface (111), a root conical surface (113), and an inclined surface (112) that tangentially connects the tip conical surface (111) and the root conical surface (113) and is inclined with respect to the axis of the spline (1). The aforementioned tooth tip conical surface (111), inclined surface (112), and tooth root conical surface (113) are all working tooth surfaces and are curved surfaces that can be unfolded. A spline characterized in that the tip heights of the plurality of teeth (11) are the same, the root heights of the plurality of teeth (11) are the same, the tip height is h1, the root height is h2, and h1 and h2 satisfy 0 ≤ h2 - h1 ≤ 2 μm. [Claim 2] The tip conical surface (111) is symmetrical with respect to the tip radial surface (154), and the root conical surface (113) is symmetrical with respect to the root radial surface (155). The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip conical surface (111) is arranged to form a tooth tip, the tip radial surface (154) is the radial center surface of the tooth tip passing through the axis of the spline (1), the root conical surface (113) is arranged to form a tooth root, and the root radial surface (155) is the radial center surface of the tooth root passing through the axis of the spline (1). [Claim 3] The axis of the tip conical surface (111) is inclined with respect to the axis of the spline (1), and the generatrix (114) at the highest position of the tip conical surface (111) is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1), and / or The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the tooth root cone surface (113) is inclined with respect to the axis of the spline (1), and the generatrix (115) at the lowest position of the tooth root cone surface (113) is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1). [Claim 4] The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that the two adjacent teeth (11) are symmetrical with respect to the radial center plane of the tooth groove (12) formed between the two adjacent teeth (11). [Claim 5] The aforementioned tooth tip conical surface (111) and tooth root conical surface (113) are Both are conical surfaces, or The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that its major axis is an elliptical cone perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1). [Claim 6] The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular curved surface is formed by being surrounded by cylindrical or conical surfaces. [Claim 7] The spline according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular curved surface is designed to be machined and formed by the side cutting edge of an end mill. [Claim 8] The angle between the projection line of the tangent (145) between the tooth tip conical surface (111) and the inclined surface (112) onto the tooth tip radial surface (154) and the tooth tip tangent surface is θ, and the angle between the projection line of the tangent (146) between the tooth root conical surface (113) and the inclined surface (112) onto the tooth root radial surface (155) and the tooth root tangent surface is δ. The above θ and δ satisfy 3° ≤ θ ≤ 25° and 3° ≤ δ ≤ 25°. The spline according to claim 2, characterized in that the tip contact surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1) and is a plane tangent to the tip conical surface (111), and the root contact surface is perpendicular to the axis of the spline (1) and is a plane tangent to the root conical surface (113). [Claim 9] The spline according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle between the inclined surface (112) and the axis of the spline (1) is γ, and γ satisfies 5° ≤ γ ≤ 45°. [Claim 10] The angle between the axis of the tooth tip cone surface (111) and the highest position generatrix (114) is α, and the angle between the axis of the tooth root cone surface (113) and the lowest position generatrix (115) is β. The spline according to claim 3, characterized in that α and β satisfy 5° ≤ α ≤ 30° and 5° ≤ β ≤ 30°. [Claim 11] The above α and β are given by 0 degrees ≤ α - β ≤ 10 －８ The spline according to claim 10, characterized in that it further satisfies the degree. [Claim 12] A spline assembly comprising a first spline (161) and a second spline (162), wherein both the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are splines according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) mesh to connect the first spline (161) and the second spline (162). [Claim 13] A spline assembly comprising a first spline (161) and a second spline (162), wherein both the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) are splines according to any one of claims 10 to 11, and the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) mesh to connect the first spline (161) and the second spline (162). When the first spline (161) is connected to the second spline (162), there are two meshing states between the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162). The two aforementioned occlusal states include a state of complete tooth surface contact and a state of partial tooth surface contact. The complete tooth surface contact state refers to a state in which the entire tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the entire tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in complete contact, and the partial tooth surface contact state refers to a state in which all inclined surfaces (112) of the first spline (161) and all inclined surfaces (112) of the second spline (162) are in contact. In the case where α = β, the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in the state of complete tooth surface contact. If α > β and no preload is applied to the first spline (161) and the second spline (162), then the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in the state of partial tooth surface contact. A spline assembly characterized in that, when α > β and preload is applied to the first spline (161) and the second spline (162), the tooth surface of the first spline (161) and the tooth surface of the second spline (162) are in the state of complete tooth surface contact. [Claim 14] A spindle holder mechanism for a machine tool, The spline assembly comprises a spindle, a holder (3), and the spline assembly described in any one of claims 12 to 13. A spindle holder mechanism characterized in that a first spline (161) is formed on one end of the spindle, a second spline (162) is formed on one end of the holder (3), and the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) mesh together so as to connect the spindle and the holder (3). [Claim 15] A wheel mechanism, A plurality of worm gears arranged in sequence, and a spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13, A first spline (161) is formed on one axial end of the worm gear, and a second spline (162) is formed on the other axial end of the worm gear, and two adjacent worm gears can be connected integrally via the first spline (161) and the second spline (162), or The wheel mechanism includes a plurality of compressor impellers arranged in sequence, and a spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13. A first spline (161) is formed at one axial end of the compressor impeller, and a second spline (162) is formed at the other axial end of the compressor impeller, and two adjacent compressor impellers can be connected integrally via the first spline (161) and the second spline (162), or The wheel mechanism includes adjacent worm gears, a compressor impeller, and a spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13. A wheel mechanism characterized in that a first spline (161) is formed on one axial end of the worm gear, a second spline (162) is formed on one axial end of the compressor impeller, and the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) mesh together so as to connect the worm gear and the compressor impeller as a single unit. [Claim 16] A transmission mechanism, The spline assembly includes a disc-shaped member (41), a rotating shaft (42), and the spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13. A transmission mechanism characterized in that a first spline (161) is formed on one end of the disc-shaped member (41), a shoulder (421) is formed on the rotating shaft (42), a second spline (162) is formed on one end of the shoulder (421), and the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) mesh together to transmit power between the disc-shaped member (41) and the rotating shaft (42). [Claim 17] A transmission mechanism for a winch, Includes rollers, drive gears and a spline assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 13, A transmission mechanism characterized in that a first spline (161) is formed on one end of the roller, a second spline (162) is formed on one end of the drive gear, and the first spline (161) and the second spline (162) mesh together to transmit power between the roller and the drive gear.

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