Method by user equipment in a wireless communication system - Patents.com

Abstract

In one aspect of the disclosure, a method for a user equipment in a wireless communication system includes receiving a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) from a plurality of anchor nodes (ANs); and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRS) for positioning from the plurality of ANs based on the PSCCH, the PSCCH including information on positioning quality indicators (PQIs) of each of the plurality of ANs, and the positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on the information on the PQIs.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. [Background technology]

[0002] Wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems.

[0003] Wireless communication systems use various RATs (Radio Access Technologies) such as LTE, LTE-A, and WiFi, including 5G. The three main areas of requirements for 5G include (1) the Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) area, (2) the massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) area, and (3) the Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) area. Some use cases require multiple areas for optimization, while other use cases can focus on only one Key Performance Indicator (KPI). 5G is to support such various use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0004] eMBB goes beyond basic mobile Internet access to cover rich two-way work, media and entertainment applications in the cloud or augmented reality. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and for the first time in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be seen. In 5G, voice is expected to be handled simply as an application using the data connection provided by the communication system. The main causes for the increased traffic volume are the increasing size of content and the growing number of applications that require high data transmission rates. Streaming services (audio and video), conversational video and mobile Internet connections will be widely used as more devices are connected to the Internet. Such many applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications are proliferating on mobile communication platforms, which can all be applied to work and entertainment. Cloud storage is also a special use case that is driving the growth of uplink data transmission rates. 5G will also be used for remote work in the cloud, which requires very low end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience when haptic interfaces are used. Entertainment, e.g., cloud gaming and video streaming, are other key factors that increase the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets everywhere, including in high-mobility environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Further use cases include augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment, where augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0005] One of the most anticipated use cases for 5G is its ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all industries, i.e. mMTC. It is predicted that there will be 20.4 billion potential IoT devices by 2020. Industrial IoT is one area where 5G will play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture and security infrastructure.

[0006] URLLC includes new services that will transform industries with ultra-reliable / available low-latency links such as remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. Reliability and latency levels are essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.

[0007] A number of use cases will now be described in more detail.

[0008] 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) by providing streams rated at hundreds of megabytes per second to gigabytes per second. Such high speeds are required for delivering TV at resolutions above 4K (6K, 8K and beyond), as well as virtual and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include near-immersive sports competitions. Certain applications may require special network configurations. For example, VR games require integration between the core servers and the network operator's edge network servers, in order for gaming companies to minimize latency.

[0009] Automotive is expected to be a key new driver for 5G with many use cases for mobile communications to vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires high concurrent capacity and high mobility mobile broadband because future users expect high quality connectivity regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive field is the augmented reality dashboard, which displays information overlaid on the front window where the driver is looking, identifying objects in the dark and informing the driver of the object's distance and movement. Future wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and between automobiles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by pedestrians). Safety systems can reduce the risk of accidents by guiding the driver to alternative courses of action for safer driving. The next step will be remote piloting, or self-driven vehicles. This will require very reliable and very fast communication between different self-driven vehicles and between automobiles and infrastructure. In the future, self-driven vehicles will perform all driving activities and the driver will only focus on traffic anomalies that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technical requirements of self-driving vehicles demand ultra-low latency and ultra-fast reliability so that traffic safety is increased to levels unattainable by humans.

[0010] Smart cities and smart homes, also referred to as smart society, are embedded with dense wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of intelligent sensors identifies requirements for cost and energy efficient maintenance of the city or home. A similar setup is made for each home. Temperature sensors, window and heating controls, burglar alarms and home appliances are all wirelessly linked. Most of such sensors are typically low data transmission rates, low power and low cost. However, real-time HD video, for example, is required for certain types of devices for surveillance.

[0011] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is highly decentralized, requiring automated control of distributed sensor networks. A smart grid interconnects such sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect and act upon information. This information includes supplier and consumer behavior, allowing the smart grid to improve the efficiency, reliability, economy, production sustainability, and distribution of fuels, such as electricity, in an automated manner. A smart grid can be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.

[0012] In the health sector, there are many applications that benefit from mobile communications. Communications systems support telemedicine, providing clinical care over long distances. This overcomes the barrier of distance and improves access to medical services that are not consistently available in remote rural areas. It can also be used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Mobile-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensing of parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0013] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with wireless links, reconfiguring them, is an attractive opportunity for many industrial sectors. However, achieving this requires that wireless links perform with cable-like latency, reliability and capacity, and that they are easy to manage. Low latency and very low error rates are new requirements that need to be coupled with 5G.

[0014] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications using location-based information systems to enable ubiquitous inventory and package tracking. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require low data rates, but require wide range and reliable location information.

[0015] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems.

[0016] Sidelink (SL) is a communication method that sets up a direct link between UEs (User Equipment) and directly transmits voice or data between UEs without going through a base station (BS). SL is one solution to alleviate the burden on base stations due to the rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0017] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, infrastructure, etc. through wired and wireless communication. V2X is divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication is provided by the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0018] As more communication devices require larger communication capacity, there is an increasing need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology. As a result, communication system design that takes into account reliability and latency sensitive services or UEs is being discussed. The next generation radio access technology that takes into account such improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) is called new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram explaining a comparison between V2X communication based on RATs prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0020] In relation to V2X communication, methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) have been discussed in RATs prior to NR. V2X messages include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a UE can send a periodic message type CAM and / or an event triggered message type DENM to other UEs.

[0021] For example, the CAM includes vehicle dynamic state information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, and basic vehicle information such as exterior lighting conditions, route details, etc. For example, the UE may broadcast the CAM, and the delay of the CAM should not be greater than 100 ms. For example, when an emergency situation occurs such as a vehicle breakdown, accident, etc., the UE may generate and transmit a DENM to other UEs. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the UE may receive the CAM and / or the DENM. In this case, the DENM has a higher priority than the CAM.

[0022] Subsequently, various V2X scenarios related to V2X communication are defined in NR, for example, various V2X scenarios include vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, etc.

[0023] For example, based on platooning vehicles, vehicles dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platooning operations based on platooning vehicles, the vehicles in the group receive periodic data from a leading vehicle. For example, the vehicles in the group can use the periodic data to reduce or increase the spacing between the vehicles.

[0024] For example, based on the enhanced driving, the vehicles can be semi-automated or fully automated. Each vehicle can adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data obtained from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. For example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0025] For example, based on the extended sensor, raw data, processed data, or live video data obtained by local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logic elements, pedestrian UEs, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can recognize an environment that is improved over the environment that can be sensed using its own sensors.

[0026] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control a remote vehicle for a person who cannot drive or for a remote vehicle located in a dangerous environment. For example, when a route can be predicted, such as in public transportation, cloud computing-based driving is used to operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, a connection to a cloud-based back-end service platform is considered for remote driving.

[0027] Meanwhile, methods to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios such as platooning vehicles, improved driving, extended sensors, and remote driving are being discussed for V2X communication based on NR. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0028] Various examples of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus supporting same for transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system.

[0029] Specifically, various examples of the present disclosure provide a UE-based TDoA positioning method and an apparatus supporting the same in a wireless communication system.

[0030] The technical objectives to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned may be considered by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the embodiments of the present invention described below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0031] Various examples of this disclosure provide methods and apparatus supporting same for transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system.

[0032] In one aspect of the disclosure, a method for a user equipment in a wireless communication system includes receiving a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) from a plurality of anchor nodes (ANs); and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRS) for positioning from the plurality of ANs based on the PSCCH, the PSCCH including information on a positioning quality indicator (PQI) of each of the plurality of ANs, and the positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on the information on the PQI.

[0033] The second PRSs are received from an AN having a PQI equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold among the multiple ANs.

[0034] The multiple ANs are ANs among multiple candidate ANs that have sensed the PSCCH and predicted a PRS pattern for any PRS among the multiple PRSs.

[0035] Further, the method includes transmitting PQI request value information for determining a plurality of candidate ANs.

[0036] Further, receiving information related to positioning and information regarding a PRS slot in which the PRS is received.

[0037] The positioning related information includes any of a cyclic shift value of a sequence of each of the multiple PRSs and comb type information of each of the multiple PRSs, and the information regarding the PRS slots includes any of the number of PRS slots, the period of the PRS slots, and PRS offset information.

[0038] In another aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus for user equipment in a wireless communication system includes at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one instruction for causing the at least one processor to operate, the operation including: receiving physical sidelink control channels (PSCCHs) from a plurality of anchor nodes (ANs); and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRSs) for positioning based on the PSCCHs from the plurality of ANs, the PSCCHs including information on positioning quality indicators (PQIs) of each of the plurality of ANs, and the positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on the information on the PQIs.

[0039] The second PRSs are received from an AN having a PQI equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold among the multiple ANs.

[0040] The multiple ANs are ANs among multiple candidate ANs that have sensed the PSCCH and reserved a PRS pattern for any PRS among the multiple PRSs.

[0041] The operations further include: transmitting PQI request value information for determining a plurality of candidate ANs.

[0042] The operations further include: receiving information related to the positioning and information regarding a PRS slot in which the PRS is received.

[0043] The positioning related information includes any of a cyclic shift value of a sequence of each of the multiple PRSs and comb type information of each of the multiple PRSs, and the information regarding the PRS slots includes any of the number of PRS slots, the period of the PRS slots, and PRS offset information.

[0044] The user equipment may be an autonomous vehicle or may be contained within an autonomous vehicle.

[0045] In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a processor is configured to perform operations for a user equipment in a wireless communication system, the operations including: receiving a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) from a plurality of anchor nodes (ANs); and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRS) for positioning from the plurality of ANs based on the PSCCH, the PSCCH including information regarding a positioning quality indicator (PQI) of each of the plurality of ANs, and the positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on the information regarding the PQI.

[0046] In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium stores at least one or more computer programs including at least one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one or more processors, cause the at least one or more processors to perform operations for user equipment, the operations including: receiving physical sidelink control channels (PSCCHs) from a plurality of anchor nodes (ANs); and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRSs) for positioning based on the PSCCHs from the plurality of ANs, the PSCCHs including information on positioning quality indicators (PQIs) of each of the plurality of ANs, and the positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on the information on the PQIs.

[0047] The various examples of the disclosure described above are merely preferred examples of the disclosure, and various examples reflecting the technical features of the various examples of the disclosure will be derived and understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art based on the detailed description to be described below. Effect of the Invention

[0048] Various examples of the present disclosure have the following advantages.

[0049] According to various examples of the present disclosure, a UE-based TDoA positioning method and an apparatus supporting the same can be provided in a wireless communication system.

[0050] The effects obtained from the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the following description.

[0051] The drawings attached below are for aiding understanding of the present invention, and together with the detailed description provide examples of the present invention. However, the technical features of the present invention are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing refer to structural elements. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0052] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a comparison between V2X communication based on a RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an LTE system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for the user plane and control plane according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an NR system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] A diagram illustrating the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an NR radio frame to which an embodiment can be applied. [Figure 7] A diagram showing the slot structure of an NR frame according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] A diagram showing the structure of an S-SSB when the CP type is NCP according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] A diagram showing the structure of an S-SSB when the CP type is ECP according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a UE performing V2X or SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 illustrates a resource unit for V2X or SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] A diagram showing a procedure in which a UE performs V2X or SL communication depending on a transmission mode according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] A diagram showing an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to an NG-RAN (Next Generation-Radio Access Network) or E-UTRAN according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network for determining the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] A diagram showing an example of protocol layers used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of protocol layers used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 illustrates a PRS slot structure according to an example of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a PRS slot. [Figure 22] 1 is a flowchart illustrating a PRS reception method for a user equipment according to an example of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 24] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Diagram 25] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 26] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 27] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 28] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 29] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0053] In various embodiments of the present invention, " / " and "," indicate "and / or". For example, "A / B" means "A and / or B". Also, "A, B" means "A and / or B". "A / B / C" means "any one of A, B and / or C". Also, "A, B, C" means "any one of A, B and / or C".

[0054] In various embodiments of the present invention, "or" denotes "and / or". For example, "A or B" includes "A only", "B only", and / or "both A and B". In other words, "or" can be interpreted as "additionally or alternatively".

[0055] The following technologies can be used for various wireless access systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. CDMA can be realized by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be realized by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be realized by radio technologies such as IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA and employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. LTE-A (Advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0056] 5G NR is the technology that follows LTE-A and is a new clean-slate mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, intermediate-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0057] For a clearer description, the following description will focus on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical idea according to an embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0058] 2 shows the structure of an LTE system according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is also called E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0059] 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to a UE 10. The UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may also be referred to by terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. In general, the base station 20 is a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10, and may also be referred to by terms such as an evolved NodE-B (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), etc.

[0060] The base stations 20 are connected to each other via an X2 interface. The base stations 20 are connected to an evolved packet core (EPC, 30) via an S1 interface, more specifically to a mobility management entity (MME) via an S1-MME, and to a serving gateway (S-GW) via an S1-U.

[0061] The EPC consists of the MME, S-GW and P-GW (Packet data network-gateway). The MME has information about the UE's connection information and UE's capabilities, and such information is mainly used for UE mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as its end point, and the P-GW is a gateway with the PDN (Packet Data Network) as its end point.

[0062] The radio interface protocol layers between the UE and the network are classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the bottom three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model known in communication systems. Among them, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides information transmission services using physical channels, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer belonging to Layer 3 controls radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the base station.

[0063] FIG. 3(a) illustrates a radio protocol architecture for a user plane according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] 3(b) shows a radio protocol architecture for a control plane according to one embodiment of the present invention. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmission of control signals.

[0065] Referring to (a) and (A3) of FIG. 3, the physical layer provides information transmission services to the upper layer using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via transport channels. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer via the transport channels. The transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the air interface.

[0066] Data is transferred between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. The physical channel is modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0067] The MAC layer provides services to the higher-level RLC (radio link control) layer via logical channels. The MAC layer provides a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. The MAC layer also provides a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services on the logical channels.

[0068] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Serving Data Units). To guarantee various Quality of Service (QoS) required by Radio Bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operation modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat reqUEst (ARQ).

[0069] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer) for data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0070] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering, and the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0071] RB configuration refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service and setting each specific parameter and operation method. RB is again divided into two types, SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer) and DRB (Data Radio Bearer). SRB is used as a path to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and DRB is used as a path to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0072] If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, otherwise it is in the RRC_IDLE state. In the case of NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is further defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can release the connection to the base station while maintaining the connection to the core network.

[0073] Downlink transmission channels for transmitting data to UE in a network include a Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic and control messages. Traffic or control messages of downlink multicast or block services are transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate Multicast Channel (MCH). On the other hand, uplink transmission channels for transmitting data from UE to a network include a Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic and control messages.

[0074] Logical channels that are above transmission channels and are mapped to transmission channels include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel), etc.

[0075] A physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit, consisting of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. In addition, each subframe can use a specific subcarrier of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the subframe for PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), i.e., L1 / L2 control channel. TTI (Transmission Time Interval) is the unit time of subframe transmission.

[0076] FIG. 4 shows the structure of an NR system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 4, a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) includes a next generation-Node BF cell (gNB) and / or an eNB that provides user plane and control plane protocol termination to a UE. FIG. 4 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and the eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and the eNB are connected to a 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via an NG interface. More specifically, the gNB and the eNB are connected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) via an NG-C interface, and to a user plane function (UPF) via an NG-U interface.

[0078] FIG. 5 shows the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Referring to Figure 5, the gNB provides functions such as Inter Cell RRM, Radio Bearer Management (RB control), Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement configuration & Provision, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMF provides functions such as NAS (Non Access Stratum) security and idle state mobility handling. The UPF provides functions such as Mobility Anchoring and PDU (Protocol Data Unit) processing. The SMF (Session Management Function) provides functions such as UEIP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and PDU section control.

[0080] FIG. 6 shows a structure of an NR radio frame to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied.

[0081] Referring to Figure 6, in NR, radio frames are used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined by two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame includes five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0082] When the general CP is used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When the extended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols, where the symbols include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0083] Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot (N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is shown below.

[0084] [Table 1]

[0085] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when the extended CP is used.

[0086] [Table 2]

[0087] In the NR system, OFDM neurology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be set to be different between multiple cells merged to one UE, and thus the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or TTIs) (commonly referred to as TUs (Time Units) for convenience) consisting of the same number of symbols is set to be different between the merged cells.

[0088] In NR, multiple neurologies or SCSs are supported to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, wide areas in traditional cellular bands are supported, and when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth are supported. When the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths larger than 24.25 GHz are supported to overcome phase noise.

[0089] The NR frequency band (freqUEncy band) is defined by two types of frequency ranges (freqUEncy ranges). The two types of frequency ranges are FR1 and FR2. The values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges are as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 means "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 means "above 6GHz range", and are also called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0090] [Table 3]

[0091] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 includes a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 includes a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 includes an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band is used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0092] [Table 4]

[0093] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a slot structure of an NR frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0094] 7, a slot includes a number of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of the general CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, whereas in the case of the extended CP, one slot includes 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of the general CP, one slot includes 7 symbols, whereas in the case of the extended CP, one slot includes 6 symbols.

[0095] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP is defined as multiple consecutive PRBs (Physical RBs) in the frequency domain and corresponds to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier includes up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed in the activated BWPs. Each element is called a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0096] Meanwhile, a radio interface between UEs or between a UE and a network is composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present invention, the L1 layer refers to a physical layer. The L2 layer refers to, for example, any one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. The L3 layer refers to, for example, an RRC layer.

[0097] Below, we will explain V2X or SL (Sidelink) communication.

[0098] Figure 8 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 8(a) illustrates a user plane protocol stack for LTE, and Figure 8(b) illustrates a control plane protocol stack for LTE.

[0099] 9 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 9(a) shows a NR user plane protocol stack, and FIG. 9(b) shows a NR control plane protocol stack.

[0100] The SL synchronization signal (SLSS) and synchronization information will be described below.

[0101] The SLSS is a SL characteristic sequence, and includes a PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and a SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS is also called an S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS is also called an S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, a length-127 M-sequence (length-127 M-seqUEnces) can be used for the S-PSS, and a length-127 Gold-sequence (length-127 Gold seqUEnces) can be used for the S-SSS. For example, the UE can detect an initial signal and obtain synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, the UE can obtain detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and S-SSS.

[0102] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) is a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that the UE should be aware of before transmitting and receiving SL signals. For example, the basic information includes information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool related information, type of SLSS-related application, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, for evaluation of PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH can be 56 bits including 24-bit CRC.

[0103] The S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH are included in a block format (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)) that supports periodic transmission. The S-SSB has the same neurology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth is within the (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB is 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH spans 11 RBs. The frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-) configured. Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to find the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0104] Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple neurologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. At this time, the length of time resource for the transmitting UE to transmit the S-SSB may be shortened due to an increase in the SCS. This may reduce the coverage of the S-SSB. Therefore, in order to ensure the coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting UE may transmit one or more S-SSBs to the receiving UE in one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting UE transmits to the receiving UE in one S-SSB transmission period is preset or set in the transmitting UE. For example, the S-SSB transmission period is 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0105] For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz in FR1, the transmitting UE transmits one or two S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, if the SCS is 30 kHz in FR1, the transmitting UE transmits one or two S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz in FR1, the transmitting UE transmits one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0106] For example, if the SCS is FR2 and 60 kHz, the transmitting UE transmits 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, if the SCS is FR2 and 120 kHz, the transmitting UE transmits 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving UE within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0107] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP are supported. The structure of the S-SSB transmitted from the transmitting UE to the receiving UE differs depending on the CP type. For example, the CP type is NCP (Normal CP) or ECP (Extended CP). More specifically, for example, when the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting UE is 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting UE is 7 or 6. For example, the PSBCH is mapped to the first symbol in the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting UE. For example, the receiving UE receiving the S-SSB can perform an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) operation in the first symbol period of the S-SSB.

[0108] FIG. 10 shows a structure of an S-SSB when the CP type is NCP according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0109] For example, when the CP type is NCP, the structure of the S-SSB, i.e., the procedure of symbols to which the S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH are mapped within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting UE, may refer to FIG.

[0110] FIG. 11 shows the structure of an S-SSB when the CP type is ECP according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] For example, when the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols to which the PSBCH is mapped after the S-SSS in the S-SSB is 6, unlike in Fig. 10. Therefore, the coverage of the S-SSB differs depending on whether the CP type is NCP or ECP.

[0112] Meanwhile, each SLSS can have a SL synchronization identifier (SLSS ID).

[0113] For example, in the case of LTE SL or LTE V2X, the value of the SLSS ID is defined based on a combination of two different S-PSS sequences and 168 different S-SSS sequences. For example, the number of SLSS IDs is 336. For example, the value of the SLSS ID is any one of 0 to 335.

[0114] For example, in the case of NR SL or NR V2X, the value of the SLSS ID is defined based on a combination of two different S-PSS sequences and 336 different S-SSS sequences. For example, the number of SLSS IDs is 672. For example, the value of the SLSS ID is any one of 0 to 671. For example, one of the two different S-PSSs may be associated with in-coverage and the other may be associated with out-of-coverage. For example, SLSS IDs of 0 to 335 may be used in in-coverage, and SLSS IDs of 336 to 671 may be used in out-of-coverage.

[0115] Meanwhile, the transmitting UE needs to optimize the transmission power according to the characteristics of each signal constituting the S-SSB in order to improve the S-SSB reception performance of the receiving UE. For example, the transmitting UE can determine the MPR (Maximum Power Reduction) value for each signal according to the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of each signal constituting the S-SSB. For example, if the PAPR values ​​are different between the S-PSS and S-SSS constituting the S-SSB, the transmitting UE can apply the optimal MPR value for each transmission of the S-PSS and S-SSS in order to improve the S-SSB reception performance of the receiving UE. For example, a transition period can be applied so that the transmitting UE performs an amplification operation for each signal. The transition period is a boundary where the transmission power of the transmitting UE changes, and preserves the time required for the transmitting end amplifier of the transmitting UE to perform a normal operation. For example, in the case of FR1, the transition period is 10 us. For example, in the case of FR2, the transition period is 5 us. For example, the search window for the receiving UE to detect the S-PSS is 80 ms and / or 160 ms.

[0116] FIG. 12 illustrates a UE performing V2X or SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0117] 12, the term UE in V2X or SL communication mainly means a user's UE. However, when a network device such as a base station transmits and receives signals through a communication method between UEs, the base station can also be considered as a kind of UE. For example, UE1 can be a first device 100, and UE2 can be a second device 200.

[0118] For example, UE1 selects a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource from a resource pool, which means a collection of resources. UE1 also transmits an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, a resource pool in which UE1 can transmit a signal is set in UE2, which is a receiving UE, and the signal of UE1 can be detected in the resource pool.

[0119] Here, when UE1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station can inform UE1 of the resource pool, whereas when UE1 is outside the connection range of the base station, other UEs can inform UE1 of the resource pool, or UE1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0120] Generally, a resource pool is composed of multiple resource units, and each UE can select one or multiple resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0121] FIG. 13 illustrates a resource unit for V2X or SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0122] Referring to Figure 13, the total frequency resources of the resource pool are divided into NF, and the total time resources of the resource pool are divided into NT. Thus, a total of NF*NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. Figure 13 illustrates an example in which the resource pool is repeated at a period of NT subframes.

[0123] As shown in Fig. 13, one resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) is periodically repeated. Alternatively, in order to obtain a diversity effect in time or frequency dimension, the index of the physical resource unit to which one logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In such a resource unit structure, a resource pool refers to a collection of resource units that a UE that wishes to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0124] The resource pools are divided into several types. For example, the resource pools are divided as follows according to the content of the SL signal transmitted in each resource pool:

[0125] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) is a signal including information such as the location of resources used by a transmitting UE to transmit a SL data channel, a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) or a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission method, and Timing Advance (TA) required for demodulating other data channels. SA can be multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, and in this case, the SA resource pool refers to a resource pool where SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data. SA is also called a SL control channel.

[0126] (2) The SL data channel (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel, PSSCH) is a resource pool used by the transmitting UE to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with SL data on the same resource unit, only the SL data channel excluding the SA information can be transmitted in the resource pool for the SL data channel. That is, the REs (Resource Elements) used to transmit SA information on individual resource units in the SA resource pool can still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting UE can map the PSSCH to consecutive PRBs and transmit them.

[0127] (3) Discovery channel is a resource pool for a transmitting UE to transmit information such as its ID, so that the transmitting UE can allow neighboring UEs to discover it.

[0128] Even when the above-mentioned SL signal contents are the same, different resource pools can be used according to the transmission and reception attributes of the SL signal. For example, even if the SL data channel or discovery message is the same, the SL signal can be divided into different resource pools again according to a method of determining the transmission timing of the SL signal (e.g., whether the signal is transmitted at the time of receiving the synchronization reference signal or whether a certain timing advance is applied at the time of receiving the signal), a method of allocating resources (e.g., whether the base station assigns the transmission resource of the individual signal to the individual transmitting UE or whether the individual transmitting UE selects the individual signal transmission resource by itself in the resource pool), a signal format (e.g., the number of symbols each SL signal occupies in one subframe, or the number of subframes used to transmit one SL signal), signal strength from the base station, transmission power strength of the SL UE, etc.

[0129] The following describes resource allocation in SL.

[0130] 14 illustrates a procedure in which a UE performs V2X or SL communication according to a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. In various embodiments of the present invention, the transmission mode is also referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the transmission mode in LTE is also referred to as an LTE transmission mode, and the transmission mode in NR is also referred to as an NR resource allocation mode.

[0131] For example, (a) of Figure 14 illustrates UE operation associated with LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. For example, (a) of Figure 14 illustrates UE operation associated with NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0132] For example, FIG. 14(b) illustrates UE operation associated with LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Or, for example, FIG. 14(b) illustrates UE operation associated with NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0133] Referring to (a) of Figure 14, in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, a base station can schedule SL resources used by a UE for SL transmission. For example, a base station performs resource scheduling for UE1 using a PDCCH (more specifically, a Downlink Control Information (DCI)), and UE1 performs V2X or SL communication with UE2 through resource scheduling. For example, UE1 transmits Sidelink Control Information (SCI) to UE2 via a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and then transmits data based on the SCI to UE2 via a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH).

[0134] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, a UE is provided or allocated resources for one or more SL transmissions of one Transport Block (TB) by a base station through a dynamic grant. For example, the base station provides the UE with resources for PSCCH and / or PSSCH transmission using a dynamic grant. For example, the transmitting UE reports SL Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback received from the receiving UE to the base station. In this case, the PUCCH resource and timing for reporting the SL HARQ feedback to the base station are determined based on an instruction in the PDCCH for the base station to allocate resources for SL transmission.

[0135] For example, the DCI may indicate a slot offset between DCI reception and the first SL transmission scheduled by the DCI. For example, the minimum gap between a DCI that schedules an SL transmission resource and the first scheduled SL transmission resource may not be smaller than the processing time of the UE.

[0136] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, the UE is periodically provided or assigned a resource set by the base station for multiple SL transmissions by a configured grant. For example, the configured grant includes a predetermined grant type 1 or a predetermined grant type 2. For example, the UE can determine a TB to transmit in each case as indicated by the given configured grant.

[0137] For example, a base station may allocate SL resources to a UE on the same carrier and may allocate SL resources to a UE on different carriers.

[0138] For example, an NR base station controls LTE-based SL communication. For example, an NR base station transmits NR DCI to a UE to schedule LTE SL resources. In this case, for example, a new RNTI is defined to scramble the NR DCI. For example, a UE includes an NR SL module and an LTE SL module.

[0139] For example, after a UE including an NR SL module and an LTE SL module receives an NR SL DCI from a gNB, the NR SL module converts the NR SL DCI to LTE DCI type 5A, and the NR SL module can transmit the LTE DCI type 5A to the LTE SL module in units of X ms. For example, after the LTE SL module receives the LTE DCI format 5A from the NR SL module, the LTE SL module can apply activation and / or deactivation to the first LTE subframe after Z ms. For example, X can be dynamically indicated using a field of the DCI. For example, the minimum value of X varies depending on the UE capability. For example, the UE can report a single value (Single valUE) according to the UE capability. For example, X is a positive number.

[0140] Referring to (b) of FIG. 14, in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources configured by the base station / network or pre-configured SL resources. For example, the pre-configured SL resources are a resource pool. For example, the UE autonomously selects or schedules resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE performs SL communication by selecting resources within a pre-configured resource pool. For example, the UE can perform sensing and resource (re)selection procedures to select resources within a selection window. For example, sensing is performed on a subchannel basis. UE1, which has selected resources within the resource pool, transmits SCI to UE2 via PSCCH, and then transmits data based on the SCI to UE2 via PSSCH.

[0141] For example, the UE assists other UEs in selecting SL resources. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE is configured with a predefined grant for SL transmission. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can schedule SL transmissions of other UEs. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can reserve SL resources for blind retransmissions.

[0142] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the first UE may indicate the priority of SL transmission to the second UE using the SCI. For example, the second UE may decode the SCI, and the second UE may perform sensing and / or resource (re)selection based on the priority. For example, the resource (re)selection procedure includes the second UE identifying candidate resources in a resource selection window and the second UE selecting resources for (re)transmission from the identified candidate resources. For example, the resource selection window is a time interval during which the UE selects resources for SL transmission. For example, after the second UE triggers resource (re)selection, the resource selection window may start at T1≧0, and the resource selection window may be limited by the remaining packet delay budget of the second UE. For example, in the step of the second UE identifying candidate resources in the resource selection window, if a specific resource is indicated by the SCI received by the second UE from the first UE, and the L1 SL RSRP measurement value for the specific resource exceeds the SL RSRP threshold, the second UE may not determine the specific resource as a candidate resource. For example, the SL RSRP threshold value is determined based on the priority of SL transmission indicated by the SCI received by the second UE from the first UE and the priority of SL transmission on the resource selected by the second UE.

[0143] For example, the L1 SL RSRP can be measured based on the SL DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal). For example, one or more PSSCH DMRS patterns are configured or preconfigured in the time domain for each resource pool. For example, the PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1 and / or type 2 is the same or similar to the frequency domain pattern of the PSSCH DMRS. For example, the exact DMRS pattern is indicated by the SCI. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE can select a specific DMRS pattern from among the configured or preconfigured DMRS patterns for the resource pool.

[0144] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, based on the sensing and resource (re)selection procedure, the transmitting UE can perform an initial transmission of a transport block (TB) without reservation. For example, based on the sensing and resource (re)selection procedure, the transmitting UE can reserve SL resources for the initial transmission of the second TB using the SCI associated with the first TB.

[0145] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserve resources for feedback-based PSSCH retransmissions according to signaling related to a previous transmission of the same TB (Transport Block). For example, the maximum number of SL resources reserved by one transmission including the current transmission is 2, 3, or 4. For example, the maximum number of SL resources is the same regardless of whether HARQ feedback is enabled or not. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions for one TB is limited by configuration or pre-configuration. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions is up to 32. For example, without configuration or pre-configuration, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may not be specified. For example, the configuration or pre-configuration is for the transmitting UE. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, HARQ feedback for releasing resources not used by the UE may be supported.

[0146] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, a UE uses the SCI to indicate to other UEs one or more subchannels and / or slots to be used by the UE. For example, a UE uses the SCI to indicate to other UEs one or more subchannels and / or slots reserved by the UE for PSSCH (re)transmission. For example, the initial allocation unit of SL resources is a slot. For example, the size of the subchannels is configured or pre-configured for the UE.

[0147] The following describes SCI (Sidelink Control Information).

[0148] Control information transmitted from a base station to a UE via a PDCCH is called Downlink Control Information (DCI), while control information transmitted from a UE to another UE via a PSCCH is called SCI. For example, a UE can know the start symbol of a PSCCH and / or the number of symbols of a PSCCH before decoding the PSCCH. For example, the SCI includes SL scheduling information. For example, a UE can transmit at least one SCI to another UE to schedule a PSSCH. For example, one or more SCI formats are defined.

[0149] For example, the transmitting UE may transmit an SCI on the PSCCH to the receiving UE, and the receiving UE may decode the single SCI to receive the PSSCH from the transmitting UE.

[0150] For example, the transmitting UE transmits two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the receiving UE on the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. The receiving UE decodes the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the transmitting UE. For example, when the SCI configuration fields are divided into two groups in consideration of a (relatively) high SCI payload size, the SCI including the first SCI configuration field group is referred to as the first SCI or 1st SCI, and the SCI including the second SCI configuration field group is referred to as the second SCI or 2nd SCI. For example, the transmitting UE transmits the first SCI to the receiving UE via the PSCCH. For example, the transmitting UE transmits the second SCI to the receiving UE on the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. For example, the second SCI is transmitted to the receiving UE via a (separate) PSCCH, or is piggybacked with data and transmitted via the PSSCH. For example, the two consecutive SCIs can be applied to different transmissions (e.g., unicast, broadcast, or groupcast).

[0151] For example, the transmitting UE transmits some or all of the following information to the receiving UE through the SCI: where, for example, the transmitting UE transmits some or all of the following information to the receiving UE through the first SCI and / or the second SCI:

[0152] -PSSCH and / or PSCCH related resource allocation information, such as time / frequency resource location / number, resource reservation information (e.g., organic), and / or

[0153] -SL CSI report request indicator or SL(L1)RSRP (and / or SL(L1)RSRQ and / or SL(L1)RSSI) report request indicator, and / or

[0154] - SL CSI transmission indicator (on the PSSCH) (or SL(L1)RSRP (and / or SL(L1)RSRQ and / or SL(L1)RSSI) information transmission indicator), and / or

[0155] -MCS information, and / or

[0156] -Transmission power information, and / or

[0157] - L1 destination ID information and / or L1 source ID information, and / or

[0158] -SL HARQ process ID information, and / or

[0159] - New Data Indicator (NDI) information, and / or

[0160] -RV (Redundancy Version) information, and / or

[0161] - (transmission traffic / packet-related) QoS information, e.g. priority information, and / or

[0162] -SL CSI-RS transmission indicator or (transmitted) SL CSI-RS antenna port number information

[0163] -Location information of the transmitting UE or location (or distance area) information of the target receiving UE (for which SL HARQ feedback is requested), and / or

[0164] -Reference signal (e.g., DMRS, etc.) information related to decoding and / or channel estimation of data transmitted via PSSCH, for example, information related to a pattern of (time-frequency) mapping resources of the DMRS, rank information, antenna port index information;

[0165] For example, the first SCI includes information related to channel sensing. For example, the receiving UE decodes the second SCI using the PSSCH DMRS. A polar code used for the PDCCH is applied to the second SCI. For example, in a resource pool, the payload size of the first SCI is the same for unicast, groupcast, and broadcast. After decoding the first SCI, the receiving UE does not need to perform blind decoding of the second SCI. For example, the first SCI includes scheduling information of the second SCI.

[0166] In addition, in various embodiments of the present invention, since the transmitting UE can transmit any one of the SCI, the first SCI, and / or the second SCI to the receiving UE via the PSCCH, the PSCCH can be replaced / substituted by any one of the SCI, the first SCI, and / or the second SCI. And / or, for example, the SCI can be replaced / substituted by any one of the PSCCH, the first SCI, and / or the second SCI. And / or, for example, the transmitting UE can transmit the second SCI to the receiving UE via the PSSCH, the PSSCH can be replaced / substituted by the second SCI.

[0167] The following describes CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message) and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message).

[0168] In vehicle-to-vehicle communication, CAM, a periodic message type, and DENM, an event triggered message type, are transmitted. CAM includes vehicle dynamic status information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, and basic vehicle information such as external lighting status and route details. The size of CAM is 50 to 300 bytes. CAM is broadcast and the latency must not be greater than 100 ms. DENM is a message generated in the event of an emergency such as a vehicle breakdown or accident. DENM size is less than 3000 bytes, and all vehicles within the transmission range can receive the message. At this time, DENM has a higher priority than CAM.

[0169] Carrier reselection will now be described.

[0170] In V2X or SL communication, the UE may perform carrier reselection based on the configured carrier's CBR (Channel Busy Ratio) and / or the PPPP (Prose Per-Packet Priority) of the V2X message to be transmitted. For example, the carrier reselection is performed by the MAC layer of the UE. In various embodiments of the present invention, ProSe Per Packet Priority (PPPP) may be replaced by ProSe Per Packet Reliability (PPPR), and PPPR may be replaced by PPPP. For example, a smaller PPPP value means a higher priority, and a larger PPPP value means a lower priority. For example, a smaller PPPR value means a higher reliability, and a larger PPPR value means a lower reliability. For example, a PPPP value associated with a service, packet, or message associated with a higher priority may be smaller than a PPPP value associated with a service, packet, or message associated with a lower priority. For example, a PPPR value associated with a service, packet, or message associated with a higher reliability may be smaller than a PPPR value associated with a service, packet, or message associated with a lower reliability.

[0171] CBR refers to the portion of sub-channels in a resource pool where the Sidelink-Received Signal Strength Indicator (S-RSSI) measured by the UE is detected as exceeding a certain threshold. There is a PPPP associated with each logical channel, and the PPPP value setting must reflect all required delays for the UE and the base station. During carrier reselection, the UE selects one or more of the candidate carriers in increasing order starting from the lowest CBR.

[0172] The following describes SL measurement and reporting.

[0173] Inter-UE SL measurements and reports (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ) are considered in SL for QoS prediction, initial transmission parameter setting, link adaptation, link management, admission control, etc. For example, a receiving UE receives a reference signal from a transmitting UE, and the receiving UE can measure a channel state for the transmitting UE based on the reference signal. The receiving UE can also report Channel State Information (CSI) to the transmitting UE. SL-related measurements and reports include CBR measurements and reports, and location information reports. Examples of CSI (Channel Status Information) for V2X include CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Index), RI (Rank Indicator), RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), pathgain / pathloss, SRI (SRS, Sounding Reference Symbols, Resource Indicator), CRI (CSI-RS Resource Indicator), interference condition, vehicle motion, etc. In the case of unicast communication, CQI, RI and PMI or some of them are supported by non-subband-based aperiodic CSI report assuming four or less antenna ports. The CSI procedure does not depend on a standalone reference signal (Standalone RS). CSI reporting is activated and deactivated by configuration.

[0174] For example, the transmitting UE may transmit the CSI-RS to the receiving UE, and the receiving UE may measure the CQI or RI using the CSI-RS. For example, the CSI-RS may be referred to as SL CSI-RS. For example, the CSI-RS may be limited within the PSSCH transmission. For example, the transmitting UE may include the CSI-RS on the PSSCH resource and transmit it to the receiving UE.

[0175] The Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReqUEst (HARQ) procedure will be described below.

[0176] There are two error compensation techniques for ensuring communication reliability: Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat ReqUEst (ARQ). The FEC method can correct errors at the receiving end by adding an extra error correction code to information bits. The FEC method has the advantage of having little time delay and not requiring separate information to be exchanged between the transmitting and receiving ends, but has the disadvantage of reduced system efficiency in good channel environments. The ARQ method can increase transmission reliability, but has the disadvantage of time delay and reduced system efficiency in poor channel environments.

[0177] The Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReqUEst (HARQ) method combines FEC and ARQ, in which the physical layer checks whether the received data contains undecodable errors, and if an error occurs, requests a retransmission, thereby improving performance.

[0178] For SL unicast and groupcast, HARQ feedback and HARQ combining in the physical layer are supported. For example, when a receiving UE operates in resource allocation mode 1 or 2, the receiving UE can receive a PSSCH from a transmitting UE, and the receiving UE can transmit HARQ feedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE using a sidelink feedback control information (SFCI) format via a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0179] For example, SL HARQ feedback can be enabled for unicast. In this case, in a non-CBG (non-Code Block Group) operation, when a receiving UE decodes a PSCCH targeted at the receiving UE and the receiving UE successfully decodes a transmission block related to the PSCCH, the receiving UE can generate a HARQ-ACK. The receiving UE can also transmit a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE. On the other hand, if the receiving UE cannot successfully decode a transmission block related to the PSCCH after decoding a PSCCH targeted at the receiving UE, the receiving UE can generate a HARQ-NACK. The receiving UE can also transmit a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE.

[0180] For example, SL HARQ feedback may be enabled for groupcast. For example, in non-CBG operation, two HARQ feedback options may be supported for groupcast.

[0181] (1) Groupcast option 1: After a receiving UE decodes a PSCCH targeted at the receiving UE, if the receiving UE fails to decode a transmission block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE via a PSFCH. On the other hand, if the receiving UE decodes a PSCCH targeted at the receiving UE and successfully decodes a transmission block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can not send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE.

[0182] (2) Groupcast option 2: After a receiving UE decodes a PSCCH targeted at the receiving UE, if the receiving UE fails to decode a transmission block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can send a HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE via a PSFCH. Also, if the receiving UE decodes a PSCCH targeted at the receiving UE and the receiving UE successfully decodes a transmission block associated with the PSCCH, the receiving UE can send a HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE via a PSFCH.

[0183] For example, when groupcast option 1 is used for SL HARQ feedback, all UEs performing groupcast communication can share the PSFCH resource, e.g., UEs belonging to the same group can transmit HARQ feedback using the same PSFCH resource.

[0184] For example, when groupcast option 2 is used for SL HARQ feedback, each UE performing groupcast communication can use different PSFCH resources for HARQ feedback transmission, for example, UEs belonging to the same group can transmit HARQ feedback using different PSFCH resources.

[0185] For example, when SL HARQ feedback is enabled for groupcast, the receiving UE may determine whether to send HARQ feedback to the transmitting UE based on the Tx-Rx (Transmission-Reception) distance and / or RSRP.

[0186] For example, in the case of TX-RX distance based HARQ feedback in groupcast option 1, if the TX-RX distance is smaller than or equal to the communication range requirement, the receiving UE may transmit HARQ feedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE. On the other hand, if the TX-RX distance is larger than the communication range requirement, the receiving UE may not transmit HARQ feedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE. For example, the transmitting UE may inform the receiving UE of the location of the transmitting UE by the SCI associated with the PSSCH. For example, the SCI associated with the PSSCH is the second SCI. For example, the receiving UE may estimate or obtain the TX-RX distance based on the location of the receiving UE and the location of the transmitting UE. For example, the receiving UE may decode the SCI associated with the PSSCH to ascertain the communication range requirement used for the PSSCH.

[0187] For example, in the case of resource allocation mode 1, the time between PSFCH and PSSCH is configured or preset. In the case of unicast and groupcast, if retransmission is required on SL, this is indicated to the base station by the UE in coverage using PUCCH. The transmitting UE can also send an indication to the serving base station of the transmitting UE in the form of a Scheduling ReqUEst (SR) / Buffer Status Report (BSR) instead of the form of a HARQ ACK / NACK. Even if the base station does not receive an indication, the base station can still schedule SL retransmission resources to the UE. For example, in the case of resource allocation mode 2, the time between PSFCH and PSSCH is configured or preset.

[0188] For example, in terms of UE transmission on a carrier, TDM between PSCCH / PSSCH and PSFCH may be permitted for a PSFCH format for SL in a slot. For example, a sequence-based PSFCH format having one symbol may be supported. Here, the one symbol may not be an AGC period. For example, the sequence-based PSFCH format may be applicable to unicast and groupcast.

[0189] For example, within a slot associated with a resource pool, the PSFCH resource may be periodically configured or preconfigured for an N slot interval, where N may be set to one or more values ​​greater than or equal to 1. For example, N may be 1, 2, or 4. For example, HARQ feedback for transmissions on a particular resource pool may be transmitted only via the PSFCH on the particular resource pool.

[0190] For example, if a transmitting UE transmits a PSSCH over slot #X to slot #N to a receiving UE, the receiving UE may transmit HARQ feedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE in slot #(N+A). For example, slot #(N+A) includes a PSFCH resource. Here, for example, A is a minimum integer greater than K. For example, K is the number of logical slots. In this case, K is the number of slots in a resource pool. Or, for example, K is the number of physical slots. In this case, K is the number of slots inside and outside the resource pool.

[0191] For example, when a receiving UE transmits HARQ feedback on a PSFCH resource in response to a PSSCH transmitted by a transmitting UE to the receiving UE, the receiving UE may determine the frequency domain and / or code domain of the PSFCH resource based on an implicit mechanism within a configured resource pool. For example, the receiving UE may determine the frequency domain and / or code domain of the PSFCH resource based on any one of a slot index associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH / PSFCH, a subchannel associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH, and / or an identifier for distinguishing each receiving UE in a group for HARQ feedback based on groupcast option 2. And / or, for example, the receiving UE may determine the frequency domain and / or code domain of the PSFCH resource based on any one of SL RSRP, SINR, L1 source ID, and / or location information.

[0192] For example, when the UE's HARQ feedback transmission via PSFCH and the HARQ feedback reception via PSFCH overlap, the UE selects one of the HARQ feedback transmission via PSFCH and the HARQ feedback reception via PSFCH based on a priority rule, for example, based on the minimum priority indication of the associated PSCCH / PSSCH.

[0193] For example, when HARQ feedback transmissions over PSFCHs for multiple UEs of a UE overlap, the UE selects a particular HARQ feedback transmission based on a priority rule, for example, based on a minimum priority indication of the associated PSCCH / PSSCH.

[0194] Positioning will now be described.

[0195] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0196] Referring to FIG. 15, the AMF may receive a request for a location service related to a specific target UE from another entity such as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or the AMF itself may decide to start a location service on behalf of a specific target UE. The AMF transmits a location service request to a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF that receives the location service request processes the location service request and returns a processing result including an estimated location of the UE to the AMF. On the other hand, if the location service request is received from another entity such as a GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF may transmit the processing result received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0197] The ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for location estimation, measure radio signals for target UEs, and transmit the results to the LMF. The ng-eNB also controls several TPs (Transmission Points) such as remote radio heads or PRS-dedicated TPs that support a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

[0198] The LMF is connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre (E-SMLC), which allows the LMF to connect to the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC allows the LMF to support Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA), which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, using downlink measurements acquired by the target UE from signals transmitted from the eNB and / or the PRS dedicated TP in the E-UTRAN.

[0199] Meanwhile, the LMF is connected to the SLP (SUPL Location Platform). The LMF supports and manages different location services for the target UE. The LMF interacts with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the UE's location. To position the target UE, the LMF determines a positioning method based on the LCS (Location Service) client type, the required Quality of Service (QoS), UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and applies the positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. The LMF determines additional information such as a location estimate for the target UE and the accuracy of the location estimate and velocity. The SLP is a SUPL (Secure User Plane Location) entity responsible for positioning according to the user plane.

[0200] The UE measures downlink signals from sources such as NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE pressure sensors. The UE includes an LCS application and may access the LCS application through communication with a network to which the UE is connected or through other applications included in the UE. The LCS application includes the measurement and calculation functions required to determine the location of the UE. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) and report the UE's location independent of NG-RAN transmissions. This independently obtained positioning information may be used as supplemental information to the positioning information obtained from the network.

[0201] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a network for determining the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0202] When the UE is in a Connection Management-IDLE (CM-IDLE) state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF may request a network triggered service to establish a signaling connection with the UE and allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation process is omitted in FIG. 16. That is, it can be assumed that the UE is in a connected mode in FIG. 16. However, the signaling connection may be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process due to signaling and data inactivity, etc.

[0203] With reference to FIG. 16, the operation process of the network for measuring the UE location will be described in more detail. In step 1a, a 5GC entity such as GMLC can request a location service to measure the location of a target UE from a serving AMF. However, even if GMLC does not request a location service, the serving AMF can determine that a location service is required to measure the location of the target UE according to step 1b. For example, the serving AMF can determine to directly perform a location service to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call.

[0204] Then, the AMF sends a location service request to the LMF in step 2, and the LMF can initiate location procedures with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data in step 3a. Furthermore, the LMF can initiate location procedures for downlink positioning with the UE in step 3b. For example, the LMF can transmit location assistance data (Assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355) to the UE or obtain a location estimate or measurement value. Meanwhile, step 3b can be performed after step 3a is performed, or can be performed instead of step 3a.

[0205] In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. The location service response includes information on whether the UE's location was successfully estimated and the UE's location estimate. Then, when the procedure of FIG. 16 is initiated by step 1a, the AMF may transmit the location service response to a 5GC entity such as the GMLC, and when the procedure of FIG. 16 is initiated by step 1b, the AMF may use the location service response to provide location services for emergency calls, etc.

[0206] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of protocol layers used to support LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0207] The LPP PDU is transmitted by the NAS PDU between the AMF and the UE. Referring to FIG. 17, the LPP connects between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SET (SUPL Enabled Terminal) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). The LPP message is transmitted in the form of a transparent PDU through an intermediate network interface using an appropriate protocol such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) through the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, and NAS / RRC through the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0208] For example, the LPP protocol allows the target device and the location server to exchange capability information, positioning assistance data and / or location information, and also allows the target device and the location server to exchange error information and / or to instruct the LPP procedure to be aborted.

[0209] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of protocol layers used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0210] NRPPa is used for information exchange between NG-RAN nodes and LMF. More specifically, NRPPa exchanges E-CID (Enhanced-Cell ID) for measurement, data for supporting OTDOA positioning method, Cell-ID and cell location ID for NR Cell ID positioning method, etc., transmitted from ng-eNB to LMF. The AMF can route NRPPa PDU based on the routing ID of the associated LMF via the NG-C interface even if it does not have information about the associated NRPPa transaction.

[0211] The NRPPa protocol procedures for location and data collection are divided into two types: UE associated procedures for transmitting information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information, etc.), and non UE associated procedures for transmitting information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). These two procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0212] Meanwhile, the positioning methods supported by NG-RAN include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, TBS (terrestrial beacon system), UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival), etc. The UE's location can be measured using any one of the positioning methods, or two or more of the positioning methods can be used to measure the UE's location.

[0213] (1)OTDOA(Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0214] FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0215] The OTDOA positioning method uses the measured timing of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including eNBs, ng-eNBs, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Based on the measurement results and the geographic coordinates of the neighboring TPs, the UE's location can be determined.

[0216] A UE connected to a gNB requests a measurement gap for OTDOA measurement from a TP. If the UE cannot recognize the Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE can use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap for performing Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurement.

[0217] Here, RSTD is defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD is calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the reference cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0218] For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure the TOA (time of arrival) of signals received from three or more geographically distributed TPs or base stations. For example, the TOA for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3 is measured, and the RSTD for TP1-TP2, the RSTD for TP2-TP3, and the RSTD for TP3-TP1 are calculated based on the three TOAs, and a geometric hyperbola is determined based on the above, and the point where the hyperbola intersects can be estimated as the location of the UE. At this time, since there may be accuracy and / or uncertainty for each TOA measurement, the estimated UE location can also be reported as a specific range depending on the measurement uncertainty.

[0219] For example, the RSTD for two TPs is calculated based on the number D1.

[0220]

number

[0221] where c is the speed of light, {xt, yt} are the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {xi, yi} are the (known) coordinates of the TP, {x1, y1} are the coordinates of the reference TP (or other TP), where (Ti-T1) is the transmission time offset between the two TPs, also called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and ni, n1 denote values ​​related to the UE TOA measurement errors.

[0222] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0223] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of the UE is determined by the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB and / or serving cell of the UE. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB and / or serving cell can be obtained by paging, registration, etc.

[0224] Meanwhile, the E-CID positioning method uses additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources to improve UE location estimates in addition to the CID positioning method. The E-CID positioning method uses some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol, but generally does not add measurements solely for UE location measurement. That is, no separate measurement configuration or measurement control message is provided for UE location measurement, and the UE does not expect additional measurement operations solely for location measurement, but reports measurements obtained by measurement methods that the UE can generally measure.

[0225] For example, the serving gNB implements the E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurement values ​​from the UE.

[0226] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include:

[0227] -UE measurements: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA receive-transmit time difference (Rx-Tx Time difference), GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0228] -E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx Time difference, Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0229] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0230] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB reception-transmission time difference) + (UE E-UTRA reception-transmission time difference)

[0231] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0232] Meanwhile, AoA is used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA is an estimated angle to the UE's position counterclockwise from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographical reference direction is north. The BS / TP uses uplink signals such as SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) and / or DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) to measure AoA. The larger the arrangement of the antenna array, the higher the accuracy of AoA measurement. When the antenna array is arranged at equal intervals, the signals received by adjacent antenna elements have a certain phase change (Phase-Rotate).

[0233] (3)UTDOA(Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0234] UTDOA is a method to determine the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of an SRS. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the location of the UE can be estimated based on the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC indicates the serving cell of the target UE to instruct the target UE to transmit SRS. The E-SMLC provides settings such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0235] Each symbol of the SRS resource for UE positioning is configured as a Comb-N frequency RE pattern. In this disclosure, Comb-N or N-comb means a comb-like frequency RE pattern or form, and N in Comb-N means a comb size, which is a value configured by RRC signaling.

[0236] The Comb-N form having a size of N means that an SRS resource RE is configured / indicated or assigned to one RE out of N frequency REs in one symbol. In addition, in this disclosure, a comb-offset means a frequency RE offset value in a specific SRS symbol and has a value from 0 to N-1. The comb-offset is an offset value used to determine a start position in the frequency domain of at least one RE (e.g., SRS RE) configured in the Comb-N form.

[0237] In summary, the Comb-N format is a format in which REs are allocated every N intervals in ascending order from the RE having the lowest frequency index on the basis of one symbol, i.e., the starting position of the RE in the frequency domain.

[0238] Also, in this disclosure, a comb type is a resource mapping type in units of REs for each SRS, and refers to various forms that a set of SRS symbols having different comb-offsets may have.

[0239] The positioning of a UE using 0TDoA in an NR system is a method in which a location server / LMF and / or an AN (anchor node) requests a UE to measure and report RSTD information required for 0TDoA positioning via a Uu interface, measures the location of the UE using the received RSTD, and then transmits the location information to the UE again. This positioning method based on a location server / LMF and / or an AN reduces the reliability of the information by causing a large delay until the UE finally receives the location information, and in particular, the physical delay generated in this positioning operation reduces the reliability of the information significantly as the speed of the UE increases in an NR-V2X system.

[0240] In the following, various examples of a method for a UE to directly perform TDoA positioning in an NR-V2X system are disclosed to solve the problems of the above-mentioned positioning method based on a location server / LMF and / or an AN. In this disclosure, the UE performing TDoA positioning using a sidelink is referred to as UE-based Sidelink TDoA Positioning.

[0241] UE-based sidelink TDoA positioning is a method in which a UE and an AN measure the location of a UE via a sidelink in an NR-V2X system, and positioning is performed by transmitting information necessary for positioning from the AN to the UE.

[0242] To this end, according to the UE-based sidelink TDoA positioning disclosed herein, 1) a PRS slot for a PRS (Positioning reference signal) is inserted in the sidelink NR-V2X system, 2) an SCI related to the AN is transmitted via a PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot, and 3) TDoA positioning is performed in the UE and the AN based on the above 1) and 2).

[0243] Specifically, a PRS slot is inserted in the NR-V2X system, and sidelink TDoA positioning is performed based on the PRS slot. At this time, NR-V2X service transmission is not allowed in the PRS slot to prevent mutual interference between the NR-V2X service and the PRS in advance.

[0244] In the PRS slot, PRS scheduling for TDoA positioning is performed via the PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot, and the SCI of the AN required for the UE to perform TDoA positioning is transmitted via the PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot. Here, the PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot mainly includes AN location information, PQI (Positioning quality indicator) related to the AN location information, PRS pattern (or PRS ID) information used in the AN, PRS slot location information used by the AN, etc. In addition, PRS transmission is not allowed in the NR-V2X slot to prevent mutual interference between the NR-V2X service and the PRS in advance.

[0245] The method of performing TDoA positioning performed by the UE and the AN is outlined as follows. First, the AN provides the AN's SCI and PRS scheduling information required for TDoA positioning at the UE via the PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot, and transmits the PRS via the PRS slot. The UE receives the AN's SCI and PRS scheduling information via the PSCCH reception of the NR-V2X slot, and receives the PRS transmitted in the PRS slot to measure the ToA.

[0246] The above-mentioned UE-based sidelink TDoA positioning will now be described in more detail.

[0247] Method 1. PRS Slot Structure

[0248] Method 1 of this disclosure proposes an inserted PRS slot structure for sidelink TDoA positioning in NR-V2X systems.

[0249] FIG. 20 illustrates a PRS slot structure according to one example of this disclosure.

[0250] 20, in a sidelink NR-V2X system, a PRS slot is inserted into the NR-V2X slot using TDMA. The PRS slot does not allow NR-V2X service transmission in order to block interference with the NR-V2X service in advance.

[0251] In addition, PRS slots are arranged and used in various ways depending on the TDoA operation and NR-V2X system operation method. For example, as shown in Figure 20, multiple PRS slots are arranged and used consecutively from PRS slot-0 to PRS slot-(T-1), where T indicates the number of consecutive PRS slots.

[0252] In this case, each PRS slot has the same PRS information repeatedly, or has different PRS information when the number of ANs exceeds the number of ANs supported by one PRS slot. Also, the PRS slots are arranged and used periodically or aperiodically. The TDoA operation mode and related operations taking into account the above-mentioned PRS slot structure will be described later.

[0253] Also, in FIG. 20, the PRS is operated in the PRS slot, whereas the PSCCH related to positioning is operated in the NR-V2X slot. That is, the PSCCH is transmitted in the NR-V2X slot, and the PRS is transmitted in the PRS slot. Here, the PSCCH related to positioning transmits SCI including AN location information required for TDoA positioning in the UE, PQI (Positioning quality indicator) information for determining the accuracy of the AN location information or the level of Quality of Service (QoS), PRS pattern information used in the AN, and periodic information of the PRS slot used by the AN. The PSCCH related to positioning will be described in detail later.

[0254] FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the structure of a PRS slot.

[0255] Referring to FIG. 21, a PRS slot basically consists of an AGC (Auto-Gain Control) symbol, a PRS, and a guard symbol.

[0256] -AGC symbol: The AGC symbol is located at the very beginning of the PRS slot. That is, the symbol located at the very beginning in the time domain among a plurality of slots included in the PRS slot is the AGC symbol. It may or may not be inserted as a symbol to secure the time required for AGC operation. When multiple PRS slots are arranged consecutively, the AGC symbol is inserted at the very beginning of every PRS slot or only at the very beginning of the last PRS slot. Whether or not to insert the AGC symbol and the insertion position are predefined or determined by the location server / LMF and / or base station.

[0257] -PRS: PRS is located after the AGC symbol. PRS is composed of multiple PRS patterns, and each AN uses a different PRS pattern. During the PRS transmission period, each AN transmits PRS to the UE using a predefined PRS pattern, and the UE performs ToA measurement using the received PRS. The frequency bandwidth for PRS transmission is allocated by multiple RB configurations and is smaller than or equal to the total available frequency bandwidth allocated to the maximum system. In addition, the PRS of each AN is transmitted using one or more OFDM symbols, and the PRS of multiple ANs are transmitted simultaneously by PRS multiplexing. The number of OFDM symbols and the number of PRS multiplexing for such PRS transmission are predefined or determined by the location server / LMF and / or base station.

[0258] - Guard symbol: The guard symbol is located at the end of the PRS slot. The guard symbol is inserted or not inserted as a symbol to secure the time required when the sidelink TDD (Time-Division Duplex) mode is changed from DL (Down-link) to UL (Up-link). When multiple PRS slots are arranged consecutively, the guard symbol is inserted at the end of every PRS slot or only at the end of the last PRS slot. The presence or absence and the position of such a guard symbol are predefined or determined by the location server / LMF and / or the base station.

[0259] Method 2. TDoA positioning operation method using PRS slot structure

[0260] In Method 2, various examples of TDoA positioning operations and implementation methods using PRS slot structures are disclosed, where the PRS slots are the PRS slot structures disclosed in Method 1, but are not limited thereto.

[0261] The TDoA positioning is performed by 1) determining whether an AN participates in a positioning process, 2) transmitting a PSCCH through an NR-V2X slot located before a PRS slot and transmitting a PRS in a PRS slot located after the NR-V2X slot, and 3) receiving a PSCCH and a PRS in an NR-V2X slot and a PRS slot, respectively, and performing TDoA positioning. Here, the PSCCH of an AN transmitted in an NR-V2X slot means an SCI of an AN required for a UE to perform TDoA positioning, and has the same meaning in the following description unless otherwise specified. The TDoA positioning of method 2 will be described in more detail below.

[0262] [Phase 0]

[0263] Step-0 is a step in which the UE performing sidelink TDoA positioning and the base station and / or the UE acting as the AN acquire and collect information on the TDoA positioning operation and the PRS slot structure. The information related to the TDoA positioning operation and the information related to the PRS slot structure are as follows:

[0264] 1) Information related to TDoA positioning operation

[0265] -Frequency bandwidth allocated to PRS transmission for TDoA positioning

[0266] -Inter-freqUEncy TDoA support

[0267] -Whether or not AN supports 3D location information: Here, 2D location information is provided as the default.

[0268] -PRS type: PRS for ToA measurement (e.g., SRS) or any PRS

[0269] - PRS pattern (or PRS ID): PRS pattern information includes either PRS comb-type information or PRS frequency offset information.

[0270] -PRS cyclic-shift information

[0271] Number of PRS symbols: the number of OFDM symbols used for PRS

[0272] -PRS symbol position: OFDM symbol position where PRS is transmitted. For example, index information in the time domain of the OFDM symbol where PRS is transmitted

[0273] 2) Information related to PRS slot structure

[0274] Number of PRS slots: The number of consecutively arranged PRS slots

[0275] PRS slot period: the time or number of slots between PRS slots

[0276] PRS slot offset: The time or number of slots between DFN=0 and the first PRS slot in a periodically transmitted PRS slot structure.

[0277] -PRS slot muting: In the periodically transmitted NR-V2X slot and PRS slot structure, the position of the PRS slot where the PSCCH and PRS are not transmitted (or zero-powered)

[0278] If the UE is within the location server / LMF and / or base station coverage, the above-mentioned PRS slot structure and information related to the TDoA positioning operation are provided as NR-V2X system configuration information by the MIB / SIB of the PSBCH and the SCI of the PSCCH transmitted in the NR-V2X slot of FIG. 20. In addition, the location server / LMF and / or base station may periodically or aperiodically change related information, i.e., information related to the PRS slot structure and the TDoA positioning operation. Thus, the base station and / or UE acting as the UE and AN performing sidelink TDoA positioning can obtain configuration information required for sidelink TDoA positioning by receiving the PSBCH and PSCCH transmitted in the NR-V2X slot.

[0279] Alternatively, if the UE is outside the coverage of the location server / LMF and / or base station or performs TDoA positioning without the help of the location server / LMF and / or base station, the above-mentioned PRS slot structure and information related to the TDoA positioning operation are provided by predefining a default TDoA positioning operation. Thus, the UE performing sidelink TDoA positioning and the base station and / or UE acting as an AN can obtain configuration information required for sidelink TDoA positioning using the predefined or stored basic PRS slot structure and parameters related to the TDoA positioning operation.

[0280] [Phase 1]

[0281] Step-1 is the first step of sidelink TDoA positioning and is a process of determining which base stations and / or UEs will participate in positioning as candidate ANs, where candidate ANs refer to candidate base stations and / or UEs that can transmit PRS in the PRS slot.

[0282] The final AN is a base station and / or UE that is finally selected from the candidate ANs and transmits a PRS in the PRS slot. The method of selecting the final AN will be described later in [Step-2]. The following describes a method of determining a candidate AN that will participate in TDoA positioning for a base station and / or UE.

[0283] For example, whether or not a candidate AN participates in TDoA positioning is determined by each base station and / or UE based on PQI information related to location information. In other words, each AN determines by itself whether or not it is a candidate AN based on PQI information related to location information.

[0284] For example, if the measured PQI is higher than a certain threshold, each base station and / or UE performs the procedure of [Step-2] as a candidate AN, and if the measured PQI is lower than a certain threshold, it is determined that the AN is not a candidate AN. At this time, the certain threshold is predefined or determined by the location server / LMF and / or base station and transmitted to the base station and UE.

[0285] Alternatively, the participation of a candidate AN in TDoA positioning is determined by the location server / LMF and / or base station. In particular, when a UE is considered as a candidate AN, the location server / LMF and / or base station informs the UE of the presence or absence of a candidate AN using location information or PQI information reported from the UE. That is, when a candidate AN is a UE, the location server / LMF and / or base station determines whether the UE is a candidate AN based on location information or PQI information and informs the UE of the presence or absence of the candidate AN.

[0286] In this case, the UE periodically reports location information or PQI information to the location server / LMF and / or base station, or aperiodically reports only when requested by the location server / LMF and / or base station. On the other hand, a separate location information or PQI reporting process may not be necessary for a base station and / or UE having fixed location information.

[0287] Alternatively, the participation of a candidate AN in TDoA positioning may be determined in advance without the above-mentioned determination process using location information or PQI or the decision process by the location server / LMF and / or base station. For example, a base station and / or UE having fixed location information may always participate in TDoA positioning of a UE as a candidate AN.

[0288] Alternatively, whether or not a candidate AN participates in TDoA positioning is determined based on the PQI requested by the UE performing TDoA positioning. The UE transmits the minimum PQI request value that satisfies the LBS (Local Based Service) being considered to each base station and / or UE via the PSCCH, and the base station and / or UE that satisfies the corresponding PQI request value becomes a candidate AN or a final AN.

[0289] [Phase 2]

[0290] Step-2 is the second step of sidelink TDoA positioning, and is a process of determining which base station and / or UE among the candidate ANs will participate in the positioning as the final AN.

[0291] For example, the selection of the final AN in the candidate AN is performed based on a sensing process between the candidate ANs. For example, the candidate AN can sense the PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot transmitted periodically or aperiodically, reserve PRS patterns and OFDM symbol positions in which the PRS is transmitted that are not used or will not be used by other ANs, and do not select or reserve PRS patterns that are used or will be used by other ANs.

[0292] In other words, the final AN is an AN, among multiple candidate ANs, that senses the PSCCH and reserves a PRS pattern for any of multiple PRSs.

[0293] The PRS pattern reservation process through the above-mentioned sensing process ultimately serves as PRS scheduling in the PRS slot. At this time, the PRS pattern and the number of PRSs constituting the PRS slot are predefined to be different, or are determined by the location server / LMF and / or the base station and transmitted to the base station and the UE. As a result, the final AN refers to the candidate AN that has successfully reserved the use of the PRS slot among the candidate ANs.

[0294] Alternatively, the final AN may be selected by the location server / LMF and / or base station from among the candidate ANs. In particular, when the UE is considered as the final AN, the location server / LMF and / or base station provides the UE with information on whether the final AN has been determined and PRS pattern information to be used in the PRS slot using location information or PQI information reported from the UE. That is, when the final AN is the UE, the location server / LMF and / or base station transmits information on whether the final AN has been determined and PRS pattern information to be used in the PRS slot to the UE using location information or PQI information reported from the UE.

[0295] [Phase 3]

[0296] Phase-3 is the third phase of TDoA positioning, in which the final AN finally selected from the candidate ANs in Phase-2 transmits PSCCH and PRS in the NR-V2X slot and PRS slot, respectively.

[0297] The AN, i.e., the final AN, transmits SCI such as location information of each of the multiple ANs, PQI related to the location information of each of the multiple ANs, PRS pattern information, and information related to the PRS slot period, via the PSCCH. The PQI related to the location information is for the UE to determine whether to consider the corresponding AN for positioning. Here, whether to consider for positioning means that the UE selects an AN to be used for TDoA positioning from among the final ANs based on Equation 1.

[0298] For example, when a UE considers an LBS that requires a very high positioning accuracy, only ANs with PQIs higher than a certain threshold are considered for TDoA positioning, and ANs with PQIs lower than a certain threshold are excluded from positioning. In this case, the thresholds are defined differently depending on the LBS, and are determined by the location server / LMF and / or the base station and transmitted to the base station and the UE.

[0299] The information related to the PRS slot period of the AN indicates the time for the next PRS slot and whether it is in use or not, and is the information used in the process of determining the final AN through the sensing operation in step-2.

[0300] After transmitting the PSCCH, the AN transmits the PRS using a predefined or configured PRS pattern, where the number of OFDM symbols for the PRS and the positions of the OFDM symbols in which the PRS is transmitted are predefined or determined by the location server / LMF and / or the base station and transmitted to the base station and the UE.

[0301] [Step-4]

[0302] Step-4 is the final step of sidelink TDoA positioning, in which the UE performs positioning after receiving the NR-V2X slot and the PRS slot. The UE obtains SCI information related to each AN by demodulating the PSCCH of the received TDoA slot, and measures the ToA for the PRS transmitted by each AN. The following describes in detail the TDoA positioning operation using the measured ToA, location information of each AN, PQI information, etc.

[0303] - Positioning AN selection step: The UE selects a positioning AN that is necessary for the UE's positioning, i.e., that can improve positioning performance, from among the final ANs that transmitted the SCCH and PRS, using the obtained AN location information and PQI information. Here, the selection of the positioning AN is for selecting a PRS to be used for positioning from among the PRSs received from the final AN.

[0304] The UE selects a positioning AN using the location information of each AN. Given the approximate initial location information of the UE, the UE can select a positioning AN that improves the positioning performance of the UE from the perspective of topology.

[0305] For example, when a UE selects three ANs to perform positioning, the UE selects three ANs that form a shape most similar to an equilateral triangle with the UE at the center from the viewpoint of topology. Also, if the location of an AN is not useful for UE positioning from the viewpoint of topology, it is not necessary to select an AN.

[0306] Alternatively, the UE can select a positioning AN using PQI information provided by each AN. For example, if the LBS service provided by the UE requires a PQI above a certain threshold, ANs providing a PQI below the threshold will be excluded from the positioning process.

[0307] -AN weighting value determination step: The UE can improve the accuracy of TDoA positioning by assigning different weighting values ​​to the ANs selected in the above-mentioned positioning AN selection step, i.e., the positioning ANs.

[0308] The UE determines a weighting value for each positioning AN using the location information of each positioning AN, i.e., a high weighting value is set for a positioning AN that is determined to have a large effect on improving positioning performance from the viewpoint of topology, and a low weighting value is set for a positioning AN that is determined to have a relatively small effect.

[0309] Alternatively, the UE determines the weighting value for each positioning AN using PQI information provided by each positioning AN, i.e., if the PQI is high, the UE sets a high weighting value for the positioning AN, and sets a low weighting value for the positioning AN providing a relatively low PQI.

[0310] At this time, the high or low of the PQI can be determined as an absolute value or can be determined relatively. For example, the weighting value for the positioning AN can be set based on a threshold value of the PQI related to the determination of the weighting value for the AN. Alternatively, the weighting value for the positioning AN can be set by comparing the PQIs for the positioning AN.

[0311] - Positioning step: This is a step of performing TDoA positioning using the location information of the positioning AN selected in the above step and the weighting information for the positioning AN. The positioning step is performed based on the positioning PRS, which is the PRS received from the positioning AN, among the PRSs received from the final AN.

[0312] For example, the PRS received from the positioning AN is selected based on either the location information or the PQI information.

[0313] For example, when the selection is based on PQI information, only the PRS received from the AN whose PQI is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold among the final ANs is selected as the positioning PRS.

[0314] For example, the UE uses the difference between two ToA values ​​measured from a pair of positioning ANs and location information to draw a hyperbola with the positions of the two positioning ANs as its focus, and draws another hyperbola from another pair of TOA values, and calculates the intersection coordinates of the two hyperbolae to measure the UE's position. At this time, the UE can correct or improve the UE's position by applying a weighting value to each positioning AN.

[0315] In addition, the UE measures the location of the UE by drawing a circle with the location of the positioning AN as its center point using the ToA value and location information measured from each positioning AN, and then calculating the intersection coordinates of multiple circles. At this time, the UE's location can be corrected or improved by applying a weight value to each positioning AN.

[0316] FIG. 22 is a flow chart of a method for receiving a PRS in a user equipment according to an example of this disclosure.

[0317] 22, in S1201, a user equipment receives physical sidelink control channels (PSCCHs) from multiple anchor nodes (ANs), where the PSCCHs include information on positioning quality indicators (PQIs) of each of the multiple ANs.

[0318] For example, the multiple ANs are ANs among multiple candidate ANs that have sensed the PSCCH and reserved a PRS pattern for any of the multiple PRSs.

[0319] In S1203, the user equipment receives a plurality of first PRSs (positioning reference signals) for positioning based on the PSCCH from a plurality of ANs.

[0320] The positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on information related to the PQI, where the plurality of second PRSs are PRSs received from ANs among the plurality of ANs whose PQI is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

[0321] The PRS receiving method further includes transmitting PQI request value information for determination among a plurality of candidate ANs.

[0322] The PRS receiving method further includes receiving information related to positioning and information related to a PRS slot in which the PRS is received, where the information related to positioning includes any one of a cyclic shift value of a sequence of each of the plurality of PRSs and comb type information of each of the plurality of PRSs;

[0323] The information about the PRS slots includes any one of the number of PRS slots, the period of the PRS slots, and PRS offset information.

[0324] According to this disclosure, the UE can perform TDoA positioning directly using the sidelink without the assistance of a location server / LMF and / or a base station.

[0325] According to this disclosure, the UE-based TDoA positioning method has a much faster positioning process when compared with the UE positioning method using a location server / LMF and / or a base station.

[0326] In addition, the PRS operation method according to the disclosed PRS slots enables sidelink TDoA positioning operation without interfering with NR-V2X slots and service operation.

[0327] In addition, the PRS scheduling process within the PRS slot via the PSCCH of the NR-V2X slot according to this disclosure can perform PRS scheduling during the NR-V2X resource reservation process without implementing a separate PRS scheduling function for TDoA positioning.

[0328] Additionally, the sidelink TDoA positioning operation according to this disclosure allows multiple UEs to perform positioning operations simultaneously, which increases the efficiency of frequency usage.

[0329] It is clear that the above-described example of the proposed method may be included as one of the implementation methods of this disclosure, and may be regarded as a kind of proposed method. The proposed method described above may be implemented independently, or may be implemented in the form of a combination (or merging) of some of the proposed methods. As an example, in the present invention, the proposed method has been described based on the 3GPP NR system for convenience of explanation, but the range of systems to which the proposed method is applied can be extended to other systems in addition to the 3GPP NR system. As an example, the proposed method of the present invention can be extended to D2D communication. Here, as an example, D2D communication means that a UE communicates with another UE directly using a radio channel, and here, as an example, a UE means a user's UE, but when a network device such as a base station transmits / receives a signal by a communication method between UEs, it may be regarded as a kind of UE. As an example, the proposed method of the present invention can be applied only to MODE3 V2X operation (and / or MODE4 V2X operation). Also, as an example, the proposed method of the present invention may be limited to a (specific) V2X channel ( / signal) transmission (e.g., PSSCH (and / or (linked) PSCCH and / or PSBCH)) that is pre-configured ( / signaled). Also, as an example, the proposed method of the present invention may be limited to a case where a PSCCH (linked) to a PSSCH is transmitted adjacent (ADJACENT) (and / or spaced (NON-ADJACENT)) (in the frequency domain) (and / or a pre-configured ( / signaled) MCS (and / or code rate and / or RB) (value ( / range))-based transmission is performed). Also, as an example, the proposed method of the present invention may be limited to a MODE#3 (and / or MODE#4) V2X CARRIER (and / or (MODE#4( / 3)) SL( / UL) SPS (and / or SL( / UL) DYNAMIC SCHEDULING) CARRIER). Also, as an example, the method proposed by the present invention can be (limitedly) applied to the case where the resource positions and / or numbers of synchronization signals (transmission (and / or reception)) (and / or the V2X resource pool related subframe positions and / or numbers (and / or the size and / or number of subchannels)) between CARRIERs are the same (and / or (partially) different).As an example, the proposed method of the present invention can be extended to (V2X) communication between a base station and a UE. As an example, the proposed method of the present invention can be limited to UNICAST (SIDELINK) communication (and / or MULTICAST (or GROUPCAST) (SIDELINK) communication and / or BROADCAST (SIDELINK) communication).

[0330] An example of a communication system to which the present invention is applied

[0331] Without being limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flow charts of the present invention disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0332] Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings / description, the same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or function blocks, unless otherwise specified.

[0333] FIG. 23 illustrates a communication system 1 to which the present invention is applied.

[0334] Referring to FIG. 23, the communication system 1 applied to the present invention includes wireless devices, base stations, and networks. Here, the wireless devices refer to devices that communicate using wireless connection technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE), and are also referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. The wireless devices include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, an XR (eXtended Reality) device 100c, a handheld device (Hand-held Device) 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT (Internet of Thing) device 100f, and an AI device / server 400. For example, the vehicles include vehicles equipped with wireless communication functions, autonomous vehicles, vehicles capable of inter-vehicle communication, and the like. Here, the vehicles include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). XR devices include Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) devices, and are embodied in the form of Head-Mounted Devices (HMDs), Head-Up Displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, TVs, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital billboards, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., notebook computers, etc.), etc. Home appliances include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may also be embodied as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a base station / network node for other wireless devices.

[0335] The wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to a network 300 via a base station 200. AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to an AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 is configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly without going through the base station / network (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, an IoT device (e.g., a sensor) can directly communicate with another IoT device (e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device 100a to 100f.

[0336] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c are performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f / base stations 200 and the base stations 200. Here, the wireless communication / connections are performed by various wireless connection technologies such as uplink / downlink communication 150a and sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication) and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul) (e.g., 5G NR). Through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c, the wireless devices and base stations, and the base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, any one of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes is performed based on various proposals of the present invention.

[0337] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention can be applied

[0338] FIG. 24 illustrates a wireless device to which the present invention is applied.

[0339] 24, a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 transmit and receive wireless signals using various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR), where {first wireless device 100, second wireless device 200} corresponds to {wireless device 100x, base station 200} and / or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x} in FIG.

[0340] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further includes one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 is configured to control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 processes information in the memory 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmits a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver 106. The processor 102 also receives a wireless signal including a second information / signal via the transceiver 106, and then stores information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory 104. The memory 104 is coupled to the processor 102 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 stores software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 is coupled to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may also be referred to as a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0341] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further includes one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 is configured to control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 processes information in the memory 204 to generate a third information / signal, and then transmits a wireless signal including the third information / signal via the transceiver 206. The processor 202 also receives a wireless signal including a fourth information / signal via the transceiver 206, and then stores information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory 204. The memory 204 is coupled to the processor 202 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 stores software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 is coupled to the processor 202 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may also be referred to as an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0342] The hardware components of the wireless device 100, 200 are described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, but are not limited to, one or more processors 102, 202. For example, the one or more processors 102, 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP, etc.). The one or more processors 102, 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 102, 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 102, 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions, and / or methods disclosed herein to provide to the one or more transceivers 106, 206. The one or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106, 206 to obtain the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0343] The one or more processors 102, 202 may also be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. The one or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented using hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, the one or more processors 102, 202 may include one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein may be included in the one or more processors 102, 202, or may be stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and executed by the one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flow charts disclosed in this specification may be embodied using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0344] The one or more memories 104, 204 are coupled to the one or more processors 102, 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104, 204 may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104, 204 may be located internal and / or external to the one or more processors 102, 202. Additionally, the one or more memories 104, 204 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102, 202 via various techniques, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0345] The one or more transceivers 106, 206 may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the methods and / or flow charts, etc., herein to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106, 206 may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flow charts, etc., herein from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106, 206 may be coupled to one or more processors 102, 202 to transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, the one or more processors 102, 202 may control the one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Also, the one or more processors 102, 202 may control the one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106, 206 are coupled to one or more antennas 108, 208, and the one or more transceivers 106, 206 are configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as described, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flow charts disclosed herein, via the one or more antennas 108, 208. In this specification, the one or more antennas can be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing by the one or more processors 102, 202. The one or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by the one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106, 206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0346] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of this specification includes not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for low power communication. At this time, for example, the NB-IoT technology is an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and is implemented in standards such as LTE Cat (category) NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above names. Furthermore / alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of this specification communicates based on the LTE-M technology. At this time, as an example, the LTE-M technology is an example of LPWAN technology and is called various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, the LTE-M technology is implemented in any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above names. Additionally / alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100, 200 of this specification may include any of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) that consider low power communication, but are not limited to the above names. As an example, ZigBee technology creates personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and is called by various names.

[0347] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0348] 25 illustrates an example of a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle may be realized as a mobile robot, a car, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0349] 25, a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 is formed as a part of the communication unit 110.

[0350] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 controls elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The driving unit 140a causes the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to run on the ground. The driving unit 140a includes an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuits, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c includes an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a tilt sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d embodies a technology for maintaining a lane while driving, a technology for automatically adjusting speed such as an adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving according to a predetermined route, a technology for automatically setting a route when a destination is set, and the like.

[0351] For example, the communication unit 110 receives map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d generates an autonomous driving route and a drive plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 controls the driving unit 140a (e.g., speed / direction adjustment) so that the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the drive plan. The communication unit 110 non-periodically obtains the latest traffic information data from an external server during autonomous driving, and also obtains surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, the sensor unit 140c obtains vehicle status and surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit 140d updates the autonomous driving route and the drive plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 transmits information regarding the vehicle position, the autonomous driving route, the drive plan, etc. to the external server. The external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc. based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle.

[0352] Examples of AR / VR and vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0353] 26 shows an example of a vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle can be embodied as a transportation means, a train, an aircraft, a ship, etc.

[0354] Referring to FIG. 26, a vehicle 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, and a position measurement unit 140b.

[0355] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles or base stations. The control unit 120 can control the components of the vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / codes / instructions that support various functions of the vehicle 100. The input / output unit 140a outputs AR / VR objects based on information in the memory unit 130. The input / output unit 140a includes a HUD. The position measurement unit 140b can obtain position information of the vehicle 100. The position information includes absolute position information of the vehicle 100, position information within a driving line, acceleration information, position information relative to surrounding vehicles, etc. The position measurement unit 140b includes a GPS and various sensors.

[0356] For example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 receives map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and stores it in the memory unit 130. The position measurement unit 140b obtains vehicle position information using GPS and various sensors and stores it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 generates a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, vehicle position information, etc., and the input / output unit 140a displays the generated virtual object in a window inside the vehicle (1410, 140a). The control unit 120 also determines whether the vehicle 100 is operating correctly within the driving line based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle 100 deviates abnormally from the driving line, the control unit 120 displays a warning in a window inside the vehicle through the input / output unit 140a. The control unit 120 also broadcasts a warning message regarding driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles through the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 can also transmit vehicle position information and information regarding driving / vehicle abnormality to relevant organizations through the communication unit 110.

[0357] Examples of XR devices to which the present invention can be applied

[0358] 27 illustrates an example of an XR device to which the present invention is applied. The XR device may be realized in the form of an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a TV, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signboard, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0359] Referring to FIG. 27, the XR device 100a includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c.

[0360] The communication unit 110 can transmit and receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, mobile devices, or media servers. Media data includes video, images, sounds, etc. The control unit 120 controls the components of the XR device 100a to perform various operations. For example, the control unit 120 is configured to control and / or perform procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, metadata generation and processing, etc. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for driving the XR device 100a / generating XR objects. The input / output unit 140a obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR objects. The input / output unit 140a includes a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptics module, etc. The sensor unit 140b obtains the XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar, etc. The power supply unit 140c supplies power to the XR device 100a and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

[0361] As an example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100a includes information (e.g., data, etc.) required to generate an XR object (e.g., an AR / VR / MR object). The input / output unit 140a can receive an instruction to operate the XR device 100a from a user, and the control unit 120 drives the XR device 100a according to the user's driving instruction. For example, when a user watches a movie, news, etc. through the XR device 100a, the control unit 120 can transmit content request information to another device (e.g., the portable device 100b) or a media server through the communication unit 130. The communication unit 130 can download / stream content such as movies, news, etc. from another device (e.g., the portable device 100b) or a media server to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and / or performs procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for the content, and generates / outputs an XR object based on information about the surrounding space or real object obtained by the input / output unit 140a / sensor unit 140b.

[0362] The XR device 100a is wirelessly connected to the portable device 100b via the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100a is controlled by the portable device 100b. For example, the portable device 100b operates as a controller for the XR device 100a. For this reason, the XR device 100a can obtain three-dimensional position information of the portable device 100b, and then generate and output an XR individual corresponding to the portable device 100b.

[0363] Examples of robots to which the present invention can be applied

[0364] Figure 28 shows an example of a robot to which the present invention can be applied. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, military, etc., depending on the purpose or field of use.

[0365] Referring to FIG. 28, the robot 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a driving unit 140c.

[0366] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., driving information, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or a control server. The control unit 120 controls the components of the robot 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / codes / commands that support various functions of the robot 100. The input / output unit 140a obtains information from outside the robot 100 and outputs information to the outside of the robot 100. The input / output unit 140a includes a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptics module. The sensor unit 140b obtains internal information of the robot 100, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The driving unit 140c performs various physical operations such as moving the robot joints. The driving unit 140c can move the robot 100 on the ground or fly it in the air. The driving unit 140c includes actuators, motors, wheels, brakes, propellers, and the like.

[0367] Examples of AI devices to which this invention can be applied

[0368] Figure 29 shows examples of AI devices to which the present invention can be applied. AI devices are embodied as fixed or mobile devices such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, notebook computers, UE devices for digital broadcasting, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, and vehicles.

[0369] Referring to FIG. 29, the AI ​​device 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a / 140b, a running processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d.

[0370] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.) to and from external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100x, 200, 400 in FIG. 23) and AI servers (e.g., 400 in FIG. 23) using wired and wireless communication technology. To this end, the communication unit 110 transmits information in the memory unit 130 to the external devices, or transfers signals received from the external devices to the memory unit 130.

[0371] The control unit 120 determines one of the executable operations of the AI ​​device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit 120 can also control the components of the AI ​​device 100 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 120 can request, search, receive or use data from the running processor unit 140c or the memory unit 130, and control the components of the AI ​​device 100 to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be desirable among one of the executable operations. The control unit 120 can also collect history information including the operation content of the AI ​​device 100 and user feedback on the operation, and store it in the memory unit 130 or the running processor unit 140c, or transmit it to an external device such as an AI server (FIG. 23, 400). The collected history information is used when updating a learning model.

[0372] The memory unit 130 stores data supporting various functions of the AI ​​device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 stores data obtained from the input unit 140a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data of the running processor unit 140c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 140. The memory unit 130 also stores control information and / or software codes required for the operation / execution of the control unit 120.

[0373] The input unit 140a obtains various types of data from outside the AI ​​device 100. For example, the input unit 140a obtains learning data for model learning and input data to which a learning model is applied. The input unit 140a includes a camera, a microphone, and / or a user input unit. The output unit 140b generates an output related to vision, hearing, touch, and the like. The output unit 140b includes a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptics module. The sensing unit 140 obtains any one of internal information of the AI ​​device 100, information on the surrounding environment of the AI ​​device 100, and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit 140 includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar.

[0374] The running processor unit 140c uses the learning data to train a model composed of an artificial neural network. The running processor unit 140c performs AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI ​​server (FIG. 23, 400). The running processor unit 140c processes information received from an external device by the communication unit 110 and / or information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, the output value of the running processor unit 140c is / is transmitted to an external device by the communication unit 110 and stored in the memory unit 130. [Industrial Applicability]

[0375] The above embodiment can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. 1. A method for a user equipment in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving a control channel from a plurality of anchor nodes; and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRSs) for positioning based on the control channel from the plurality of ANs; The control channel includes information regarding a positioning quality indicator (PQI) for determining accuracy of location information of each of the plurality of ANs; and The method, wherein the positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on information related to the PQI.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second PRSs are received from an AN, among the plurality of ANs, whose PQI is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of ANs are among a plurality of candidate ANs that have reserved a PRS pattern for any of the plurality of PRSs by sensing the control channel.

4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising: transmitting PQI request value information for determining the plurality of candidate ANs.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving information related to the positioning and information regarding a PRS slot in which the PRS is received.

6. The positioning related information includes any one of a cyclic shift value of a sequence of each of the plurality of PRSs and comb type information of each of the plurality of PRSs; and The method of claim 5 , wherein the information about the PRS slots includes any one of the number of the PRS slots, a period of the PRS slots, and offset information of the PRS.

7. An apparatus for user equipment in a wireless communication system, comprising: At least one processor; and and at least one memory operatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one instruction for causing the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation comprising: receiving a control channel from a plurality of anchor nodes; and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRSs) for positioning based on the control channel from the plurality of ANs; The control channel includes information regarding a positioning quality indicator (PQI) for determining accuracy of location information of each of the plurality of ANs; and The positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on information related to the PQI.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the second PRSs are received from an AN, among the plurality of ANs, whose PQI is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the plurality of ANs are, among a plurality of candidate ANs, an AN that senses the control channel and reserves a PRS pattern for any PRS among the plurality of PRSs.

10. The operations include: The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising transmitting PQI request value information for determining the plurality of candidate ANs.

11. The operations include: The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising receiving information related to the positioning and information regarding a PRS slot in which the PRS is received.

12. The positioning related information includes any one of a cyclic shift value of a sequence of each of the plurality of PRSs and comb type information of each of the plurality of PRSs; and The device of claim 11, wherein the information regarding the PRS slots includes any one of the number of the PRS slots, a period of the PRS slots, and offset information of the PRS.

13. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the user equipment is an autonomous vehicle or is contained within an autonomous vehicle.

14. 1. A processor for performing operations for a user equipment in a wireless communication system, comprising: The operations include: receiving a control channel from a plurality of anchor nodes; and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRSs) for positioning based on the control channel from the plurality of ANs; The control channel includes information regarding a positioning quality indicator (PQI) for determining accuracy of location information of each of the plurality of ANs; and The positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on information related to the PQI.

15. 1. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising: The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one or more computer programs including at least one instruction that, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations for a user device, the operations including: receiving a control channel from a plurality of anchor nodes; and receiving a plurality of first positioning reference signals (PRSs) for positioning based on the control channel from the plurality of ANs; The control channel includes information regarding a positioning quality indicator (PQI) for determining accuracy of location information of each of the plurality of ANs; and The positioning is performed based on a plurality of second PRSs selected from the plurality of first PRSs based on information related to the PQI.

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