Floor radiant convection heating and cooling system

Abstract

To provide a floor radiation convection cooling and heating system for enabling indoor cooling and heating in a short time from switching on of an air conditioner by circulation for performing indoor recirculation after making warm / cool air from the air conditioner flow into a space near an underfloor in large quantities and executing heat transmission obtained by effectively combining convection and radiation.SOLUTION: A floor radiation convection cooling and heating system includes a support body 7 vertically provided on a floor slab 20, metal sleepers 2 supported by the support body, metal common joists 3 in contact with a sleeper and in contact with the underside of a floor material 6, and a chamber part 4 located below on end side of the sleepers to form a flow passage of warm / cool air from an air conditioner, forms heat shield plates 8 between the sleepers at a substantially same height with the height of the undersides of the sleepers between the sleepers so as to prevent the flow of vertical air, and provides an opening 5 for making the war / cool air flowing in the chamber part flow in between respective sleepers in a heat shield plate located over the chamber part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a floor radiant convective heating and cooling system for architectural structures such as gymnasiums, buildings, or houses. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes an air-conditioning structure for a sports facility that is attached to a floor structure in which height-adjustable support legs are installed at a predetermined interval on the floor slab of a building, joists with a hat-shaped cross section are arranged between the receiving parts provided on the top of each support leg, and the joists are arranged in parallel, and joists are arranged on the top of the joists in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and a floor surface material is laid on the top of the joists.The structure describes an air-conditioning structure for a sports facility that is attached to a floor structure in which a first duct made of a cylinder with a rectangular cross section is arranged on the floor slab in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and air-conditioning air such as warm air or cold air sent out from an air conditioner that communicates with the first duct is circulated through the first duct, and a heat insulating sheet that covers the underside of the floor surface material is arranged between the adjacent joists that are arranged side by side, and at this time, ends of the heat insulating sheet are fixed and laid on the top of the flange parts of each joist and on the top of the receiving parts to form a second duct between the floor surface material and the heat insulating sheet, and the first duct is arranged in a straight line in a state dividing the floor slab in two. On the other hand, the second duct is arranged in both directions perpendicular to the first duct, a blower is arranged at a predetermined interval from the first duct, which sucks in air for conditioning passing through the first duct and sends it to the second duct, the air for conditioning passing through the second duct is heated or cooled to adjust the temperature of the floor material, and the air inside the room is conditioned by radiation from the floor surface above the floor material, spacing retainers are arranged on the wall slabs of the building, wall panels are attached to the front of the stud materials arranged between these spacing retainers, a third duct is formed in the space between the wall slab and the wall panel arranged in front of it, which communicates with the second duct and sends the air for conditioning from the second duct to a vent provided on the wall surface, the air for conditioning is blown out into the room from the vent, and some or all of the air inside the room is sent back to the air conditioner and used as new air for conditioning.

[0003] Patent Document 2 discloses a floor heating panel which is used by being laid out on a floor surface and which comprises a panel body formed by combining a frame body and upper and lower panels so that a hollow space is formed inside, a hot air supplying device which is incorporated inside the panel body and configured to draw in air inside the hollow space and heat the air so as to turn it into hot air and blow it out into the hollow space, and a partition plate which is provided inside the hollow space and forms an air passage for circulating the hot air blown out from the hot air supplying device throughout the hollow space, and in which square timber is arranged within or around the panel body and columns are provided which are supported by the square timber and extend downward at approximately right angles to the lower panel. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5348996 [Patent Document 2] Utility Model Application Publication No. Hei 2-55017 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In the invention described in Patent Document 1, the first duct through which hot and cold air from the air conditioner flows first under the floor is installed passing under the joists, and the second duct is formed by installing a heat insulating sheet so that it hangs down significantly from the joists. Therefore, there was a problem that the space between the underfloor surface and the heat insulating sheet was too large in the vertical direction, making it difficult to achieve the cooling and heating effect.

[0006] In addition, hot and cold air is forcibly blown from the openings in the first duct's main gap to the second duct by fans installed at each opening. As a result, hot and cold air close to the set temperature blows out from the openings closest to the air conditioner, but there is a problem that air close to room temperature, far from the set temperature, blows out from the openings farther from the air conditioner.

[0007] The invention described in Patent Document 2 has a configuration in which a hot air supply device is installed under the floor and hot air is circulated in the space under the floor, but since it does not draw in air from the room and blow hot air into the room, there is a problem in that it cannot circulate hot air by convection to people in the room.

[0008] The flow path through which the hot air flows is formed by a wooden partition so that the hot air flows in one direction from the air outlet to the air inlet of the hot air supply device, so the hot air flowing through the flow path does not mix with the other air, which causes a problem of a large temperature difference between the air outlet side and the air inlet side. As a result, there was a problem that the temperature of the floor surface was higher on the air outlet side and lower on the air inlet side depending on the part.

[0009] In addition, the top panel installed above the flow path and below the floor finishing member is a wooden or metal plate, and in the case of a metal plate, the metal plate is installed over the entire floor surface, and since metal has a high thermal expansion coefficient, it expands with heat and generates creaking noises under the floor. In addition, in the case of a metal plate, the weight is heavier than when the top panel is made of wood, so there is a problem that the wooden frame, wooden partition boards, wooden square timbers, and supports that support the top panel must be significantly reinforced in order to run the risk of the floor sinking into it.

[0010] The present invention was devised in consideration of these problems, and its objective is to provide a floor radiation convection heating and cooling system that circulates hot and cold air from the air conditioner by circulating it in large quantities into the space near under the floor and then returning it to the room, thereby implementing heat transfer that effectively combines convection and radiation, and can heat and cool the room in a short time after the air conditioner is switched on. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] In the present invention, radiation is synonymous with thermal radiation, thermal radiation, and radiation, and convection is synonymous with heat transfer, convective heat transfer, and thermal convection, and therefore will be described below as convection and radiation.

[0012] The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system according to claim 1 includes a plurality of supports suspended above a floor slab, a plurality of long metal joists supported by the supports and arranged in parallel, and a plurality of long metal joists arranged in parallel and in contact with the upper surfaces of the joists, arranged in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and arranged in parallel to the joists to abut against the undersides of flooring materials constituting an interior of a room. a heat shield plate is installed between the joists in a substantially horizontal direction at a height substantially equal to the height of the lower surface of the joists so as to prevent air from flowing up and down between the joists, a chamber portion forming a flow path for hot and cold air from an air conditioner installed indoors is disposed below one end side of the joists, in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and only in the space sandwiched in the vertical direction between the joists, the heat shield plate, and the floor slab, and air is blown through openings provided in the heat shield plate for each joist along the longitudinal direction of the chamber portion, The hot and cold air flowing in the chamber The hot and cold air is directly introduced into the space between the sides of the joists, and immediately after the introduction, the hot and cold air flows between the joists along the longitudinal direction of the joists. It is characterized by:

[0013] The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system according to claim 2 is characterized in that in claim 1, the openings are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow direction of the hot and cold air.

[0014] The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system according to claim 3 is characterized in that in claim 1 or 2, the size of the openings is made larger as the flow of the hot and cold air moves from the upstream side to the downstream side. Effect of the Invention

[0015] The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system described in claim 1 of the present invention is a system that effectively heats and cools a room by radiating from the floor material that has been cooled or heated by the convection from the hot and cold air while flowing hot and cold air from the air conditioner under the floor and returning the hot and cold air from under the floor to the floor above, and convecting the air in the room. Since a large amount of hot and cold air flows all at once from the chamber part to the entire space between the floor material and the heat shielding plate, which is narrow in the vertical direction, the convection of the hot and cold air to the floor material becomes large and fast, and the convection of the hot and cold air to the square steel pipe joists and metal joists becomes large and fast, the time until the joists and joists are cooled or heated and heat stored becomes short, and the convection and radiation from the joists and joists to the floor material becomes large and fast, and the amount of radiation from the floor material to the room becomes large and fast.

[0016] In addition, because hot and cold air is circulated widely in the narrow underfloor space between the heat shield plate installed at approximately the same height as the underside of the slabs and the underside of the flooring, the volume is significantly reduced to about 1 / 2 to 1 / 10 compared to the conventional underfloor space that is wide in the vertical direction between the floor slab and the underside of the flooring, so the temperature of the flowing hot and cold air hardly changes compared to the conventional one. As a result, due to the synergistic effect of the convection from the hot and cold air circulating from the underfloor space to the room and the radiant heat from the flooring, the room temperature can be achieved to the set temperature for cooling or heating in an extremely short time after the indoor air conditioner is switched on, and the room temperature can be maintained even when there are many people coming and going, and there is also an energy-saving effect.

[0017] In addition, the heat shield is installed horizontally at approximately the same height as the underside of the joists so as to block the vertical flow of hot and cold air between the adjacent joists, so that the underfloor space formed by the underside of the flooring and the heat shield communicates throughout the entire area between the lower part of the floor joists and the heat shield, between the upper part of the joists and the flooring, or between the heat shield and the underside of the flooring, so that hot and cold air can flow freely throughout the entire space below the flooring. As a result, the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire space below the flooring, making the temperature of the hot and cold air flowing under the flooring uniform, and making the room temperature more uniform throughout the entire room.

[0018] In the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system described in claim 2, the positions of the multiple openings provided in the heat shield, which correspond to the inlets of hot and cold air into the narrow vertical flow path between the floor material and the heat shield, are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow direction of the hot and cold air, which makes it possible to make the flow rate of the hot and cold air flowing in from the downstream openings more uniform than when multiple openings are arranged linearly in the flow direction of the hot and cold air. This makes it possible to make the magnitude of convection and radiation to the floor material more uniform throughout the entire room.

[0019] In the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system described in claim 3, the size of the openings in the heat shield, which correspond to the inlet of hot and cold air into the narrow vertical flow path between the floor material and the heat shield, is narrowed on the upstream side of the hot and cold air flow and made larger on the downstream side.This reduces the difference in the flow rate of hot and cold air from the air conditioner and makes the magnitude of convection and radiation to the floor material more uniform throughout the room. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the flow of hot and cold air in the floor radiant convection heating and cooling system of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the flooring material as viewed from the inside of the room. [Diagram 3] These are explanatory diagrams of the plan view of the structure when the flooring is removed, where (a) shows the heat shielding plate in a mesh-like shape to make its presence easier to understand, and (b) shows the shielding plate in a plate-like shape because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in a mesh-like shape. [Figure 4] These are explanatory diagrams of the plan view of the structure excluding the flooring and joists, where (a) shows the heat shielding plate in a mesh-like shape to make its presence easier to understand, and (b) shows the shielding plate in a plate-like shape because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in a mesh-like shape. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the structure when flooring, floor joists, and heat shielding plates are removed. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the structure of the structure when the flooring, floor joists, heat shielding plate, and joists are removed. [Figure 7] FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is an enlarged explanatory view of part B in FIG. [Figure 9] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating the effect of gradually increasing the opening size of the chamber section downstream, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. [Figure 10] 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams of the effect when the size of the openings of the chamber section is the same from the upstream to downstream, where (a) is an explanatory diagram from a plan view and (b) is an explanatory diagram from a side view. [Figure 11]FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the effect when the opening positions are staggered from the upstream to downstream of the chamber section, where (a) is an explanatory diagram in plan view, (b) is an explanatory diagram of the P-P cross section of one row, and (c) is an explanatory diagram in side view of the Q-Q cross section of another row. [Figure 12] 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams illustrating an example in which the openings are arranged in a straight line from the upstream to the downstream of the chamber, where (a) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view and (b) is an explanatory diagram of the R-R cross section. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the flow of hot and cold air when the openings of the floor radiant convection heating and cooling system of the present invention are arranged in a straight line, where (a) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view when the floor material is removed, and (b) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view when the floor material is removed but the position of the return port is displayed. [Figure 14] These are plan view explanatory diagrams showing the location of the return ports and excluding the flooring when two air conditioners are installed on one side of a room. (a) shows the heat shielding plate as a mesh to make its presence easier to see, and (b) shows the shielding plate as a plate because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in mesh form. [Figure 15] These are plan view explanatory diagrams showing the location of the return ports and excluding the flooring when two air conditioners are installed on each side of a room. (a) shows the heat shielding plate as a mesh to make its presence easier to see, and (b) shows the shielding plate as a plate because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in mesh form. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention is a system that performs heating and cooling of a room 100 of an architectural structure such as a gymnasium, a building, or a house by floor radiation convection.

[0022] The temperature felt by users in a building such as a gymnasium is firstly radiation from the floor material, and secondly convection from the hot and cold air returned to the room. The inventor therefore came up with the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention, thinking that if the hot and cold air flowing in the underfloor space 10 is made to flow quickly in large quantities into the space 10 that contacts the underfloor, and the temperature of the hot and cold air is made uniform throughout the space 10, the temperature of the radiation from the floor material 6 into the room can be made to approach the set temperature of the air conditioner 50 quickly, and the temperature of the hot and cold air returned to the room can be returned at a temperature not much different from the temperature when it was sent out from the air conditioner 50.

[0023] The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention includes a plurality of supports 7 suspended above a floor slab 20 as shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 8, a plurality of long metal joists 2 supported by the supports and arranged in parallel as shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, a plurality of long metal joists 3 that abut the upper surface of the joists 2 and are arranged in a row in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2 and in parallel to the joists 2, and a chamber section 4 that is arranged under one end of the joists 2 and in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2 and forms a flow path for hot and cold air from an air conditioner 50, and a heat shield plate 8 is installed between the joists 2 in a substantially horizontal direction at a height substantially equal to the height of the lower surface of the joists 2 so as to prevent air from flowing up and down between the joists 2, and an opening 5 is provided in the heat shield plate 8 located above the chamber section 4 for each space between the joists 2 to allow the hot and cold air flowing in the chamber section 4 to flow in.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the openings 5 ​​are arranged in a staggered manner in the flow direction of the hot and cold air.

[0025] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the size of the openings 5 ​​is made larger from the upstream side to the downstream side of the flow of the hot and cold air.

[0026] The floor material 6 is a floor material 6 installed throughout the entire room 100 of a gymnasium or the like, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 7, or FIG. 8, and is made of a painted flooring 6a on the upper layer and a structural plywood 6b on the lower layer, and has a function as a horizontal heat storage plate. A cooling effect or a heating effect can be obtained by radiation from the cooled floor material 6 or the heated floor material 6. In addition, the floor material 6 is provided with an inlet (not shown) at one end of the room 100 for allowing hot and cold air from an air conditioner 50 installed in the room to flow into the chamber 4 under the floor, as shown in FIG. 6, and a plurality of through-flow openings 9 are provided at the other end of the room 100 for returning the hot and cold air from the underfloor side to the inside of the room, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 13(b), FIG. 14, or FIG. 15. The size of the floor material 6 of a gymnasium or the like may be, for example, as shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6, with one side having a length L1 of about 100 m and the other side having a length L2 of about 100 m.

[0027] The floor slab 20 is, for example, a concrete slab, and the support body 7 is firmly fixed to the floor slab 20 with anchor bolts and vertically installed. In addition, an aluminum heat shielding sheet 21 is laid over the entire area of ​​the floor slab 20. By laying the aluminum heat shielding sheet 21, for example, it is possible to suppress heat transfer to the concrete slab.

[0028] Next, as shown in Figures 6 to 8, the support body 7 is vertically installed on the floor slab 20 to support the joists 2 that support the floor material 6 from below, and a plurality of support bodies 7 are vertically installed at predetermined intervals so that each joist 2 does not bend. The height of the support body 7 can be adjusted, for example, by a screw, and the joists 2 and the floor material 6 can be kept horizontal.

[0029] Next, the joists 2 are made of metal and may be any long steel material having at least an upper surface and both side surfaces, for example, square pipe steel material and C-shaped steel. For example, the square pipe steel material has a rectangular frame-like cross section and is linearly connected in the longitudinal direction of the joists 2 over the length of the room, for example, in the left-right direction, and is arranged in a plurality of rows at predetermined intervals in the short direction of the joists 2 over the length of the room, for example, in the front-rear direction. As shown in Figures 6 to 8, the joists 2 are placed on the upper end surface of the support body 7 and fixed by fastening means such as bolts.

[0030] By using a metal steel material with high thermal conductivity for the joists 2, when the cold or warm air flowing through the flow path between the floor material 6 and the heat shield plate 8 comes into direct contact with the joists 2, the temperature of the cold or warm air is easily convected to the joists 2. This allows the floor material 6 to be cooled or heated by radiation more powerfully and quickly.

[0031] Next, as shown in Fig. 3, 7 or 8, the joists 3 are arranged in a row on the upper surface of the joists 2 in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2 and in parallel to the joists 2, and are made of metal and have a long cross-sectional shape with an opening on the underside, which abuts against the underside of the flooring 6 that constitutes the room and supports the flooring 6. Examples of shapes with an opening on the underside include a hat shape and a grooved steel shape. The parallel rows are arranged at a predetermined interval so that the flooring can withstand long-term use, for example, even when sports activities are being performed in a gymnasium. The flange surfaces of the joists 3 are placed on the upper surface of the joists 3 and fixed with fastening means such as bolts and nuts.

[0032] The floor joists 3 are made of metal, and when cold or warm air comes into direct contact with the floor joists 3, the temperature of the cold or warm air is convected through the floor joists 3, causing the floor material 6 to store heat more quickly.

[0033] Next, the chamber section 4 will be described. The chamber section 4 is preferably configured such that the inner peripheral wall is covered with a heat insulating material in order to maintain the temperature of the hot and cold air. The chamber section 4 is disposed below one end side of the joists 2 and in a straight line in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2, as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 7 or Fig. 8, for example, and forms a flow path for the hot and cold air from the air conditioner 50 installed in the room 100. The bottom wall of the chamber 4 is the floor slab 20, which is covered with the aluminum heat shield sheet 21, which is a heat insulating material laid on the floor slab, the upper wall is a heat shield plate 8, which is a heat insulating material such as a hard foam material, which has a heat insulating function and a horizontal partition function, the side wall on the exterior wall side of the building may be any material having a heat insulating function, such as a hard foam molded board or plywood 18, which is a heat insulating material attached to the inside of a concrete wall, the side wall of the joists 2 that is not on the exterior wall side may be any material having a heat insulating function, such as a light steel frame or gypsum board, which is a heat insulating material, and is composed of an underfloor partition plate 15, which is a heat insulating material attached to a hard foam molded board or plywood, and the downstream end wall part is closed with, for example, a hard foam molded board or plywood 18, which has the same structure as the side wall on the exterior wall side of the building. Therefore, the chamber 4 is formed of a material having a heat insulating function on the periphery.

[0034] Another form of the chamber 4 is a duct whose inner wall is covered with a heat insulating material. When the chamber 4 is a duct, an opening 5 is provided in the upper wall to allow hot and cold air to flow into the narrow space 10 in the vertical direction between the joists 2 and the floor material 6. In this case, the heat shield 8 may or may not be located above the chamber 4, but when the heat shield 8 is located above, an opening 5 of the same size and at the same position as the heat shield 8 is provided in the upper wall of the duct.

[0035] The hot and cold air flow passage in the chamber 4 has a peripheral wall made of a heat insulating material, which has the effect of causing almost no change in the temperature of the hot and cold air from the air conditioner 50.

[0036] Next, the heat shield plate 8 will be described. The heat shield plate 8, as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, has a function of restricting the flow of hot and cold air between the plurality of joists 2 arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction to the space near the underfloor 6, and is a flat member horizontally installed between the joists 2 at approximately the same height as the lower surface of the joists 2. The material of the heat shield plate 8 is preferably a material having a heat insulating effect, such as a hard foam material. A space 10 narrow in the vertical direction between the floor material 6 and the heat shield plate 8 is formed as a flow path for hot and cold air. This makes it possible to reduce the volume of the space 10, thereby suppressing the change in temperature of the hot and cold air flowing from the air conditioner 50 through the chamber 4.

[0037] The heat shield plate 8 is attached to the joist 2, for example, by fixing a fixing device having an inverted hat shape with a vertical cross-sectional shape, and fixing the inverted hat shaped flange portion to the upper wall of the joist 2 from above with fastening means such as screws or bolts and nuts, and then inserting, placing and fixing the flat heat shield plate 8 into the inverted hat shaped recess of the fixing device.

[0038] The heat shielding plate 8 is installed between the joists 2 arranged in a row at approximately the same height as the lower surface of the joists 2, so that the hot and cold air flows through the entire space 10 in the vertical direction between the flooring 6 and the heat shielding plate 8, since the area where the joists 3 are in contact with the flooring 6 is vertically connected between the lower part of the joists 3 and the upper part of the heat shielding plate 8, and the area of ​​the joists 2 is vertically connected between the upper part of the joists 2 and the lower part of the flooring 6. This allows the temperature of the hot and cold air to be uniform within the space 10, and also allows heat transfer to the joists 2 and joists 3 to be uniform.

[0039] As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 7 or Fig. 8, the hot and cold air that flows into the narrow space 10 sandwiched vertically between the floor material 6 and the heat shielding plate 8 from the openings 5a to 5d flows in the direction M along the longitudinal direction of the joists 2 through the space 10 between the floor material 6 and the heat shielding plate 8 or between the joists 3 and the heat shielding plate 8, and also flows in the direction N parallel to the joists 3 through the space 10 between the floor material 6 and the joists 2, and further flows in the diagonal direction Q. As a result, the hot and cold air is diffused and spread throughout the entire narrow space 10 below the floor material 6, so that the temperature of the hot and cold air flowing in the space 10 can be made uniform.

[0040] Next, a description will be given of the openings 5 ​​of the heat shielding plate 8, which are paths through which hot and cold air flows from the chamber portion 4 into the vertical space 10 between the heat shielding plate 8 and the flooring material 6. As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, at least one opening 5 is provided for each joist 2.

[0041] The arrangement of the openings 5 ​​may be in any arrangement in the direction of hot and cold air flow as long as there is at least one opening for every two joists. For example, as shown in Figure 12(a) or Figure 13, they may be arranged in a straight line from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of hot and cold air flow. More preferably, they are arranged in a staggered pattern from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of hot and cold air flow, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 or Figure 4.

[0042] Furthermore, the size of the openings 5 ​​need only be large enough to allow hot and cold air to flow into the narrow space 10 in the vertical direction between the joists 2 and the floor material 6 from all of the openings 5 ​​in the chamber section 4, and may be the same size, for example, as shown in Figure 10(a) or 13, or preferably, the size of the openings 5 ​​should be gradually increased from the upstream side to the downstream side in the flow direction of the hot and cold air from the openings 5, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 9(a), Figure 14 or Figure 15.

[0043] Next, the arrangement of the openings 5 ​​and the flow of hot and cold air will be described. First, when the openings 5 ​​are linear from the upstream side to the downstream side in the flow direction of the hot and cold air, as shown in Fig. 13(a) or (b), a large amount of hot and cold air just blown out from the air conditioner 50 can flow into the space 10 where the vertical gap between the floor material 6 and the heat shielding material 8 is narrow, so that the hot and cold air with little temperature change can flow from the air conditioner 50 into the space 10. Furthermore, the hot and cold air flowing in from the openings 5g, 5h, 5k, or 5m flows and mixes in the longitudinal direction M of the joists 2, the longitudinal direction N of the joists 3, and the diagonal direction Q, so that the temperature change of the hot and cold air flowing in the space 10 can be suppressed and the temperature can be made uniform. That is, the floor radiant convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention creates a narrow space 10 in the vertical direction below the floor material 6, and allows hot and cold air blown out from the air conditioner 50 to flow into this space 10 as quickly as possible, so that the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire space 10, thereby achieving a uniform temperature. Therefore, even if the openings 5 ​​are arranged linearly in the direction of the hot and cold air flow, there is a remarkable effect in that the floor material 6 can quickly store heat at a uniform temperature, and the room 100 can be quickly cooled or heated.

[0044] Next, the flow of hot and cold air in the case of the staggered arrangement, which is a preferred embodiment, will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, or FIG. 4, the positions of the openings 5a to 5d are arranged in a staggered manner in the flow direction of the hot and cold air. The openings 5a to 5d provided every two joists are arranged in a staggered manner in the flow direction of the hot and cold air, that is, in the direction from the upstream side to the downstream side, which is the air conditioner 50 side. This makes it difficult for a shortage of hot and cold air flow to occur, in which the inflow amount from the next downstream opening 5b is less than the inflow amount from the upstream opening 5a because the intervals between the openings 5a to 5d are too short in the flow direction of the hot and cold air, and the difference between the inflow amount from the downstream opening 5b and the inflow amount from the upstream opening 5a can be made smaller than in the case of a linear arrangement.

[0045] The effect of providing them in a staggered pattern will be described. The chamber section 4 may be a long duct with a length L1 of, for example, about 100 m, and as shown in Fig. 12(b), the openings 40k, 40m, 40n, and 40p are all branching points of the duct of the chamber section 4. Then, the flow rate 34a of hot and cold air up to the opening 40k is separated into a branching inflow 38k to the opening 40k and a flow rate 34b flowing in the direction of the opening 40m, the flow rate 34b of hot and cold air is separated at the opening 40m into a branching inflow 38m and an inflow 34c flowing in the direction of the opening 40n, and the flow rate 34c of hot and cold air is separated at the opening 40n into a branching inflow 38n and a flow rate 34d flowing in the direction of the opening 40p. In this way, the flow rate of the hot and cold air flowing into the space 10 from the openings 40k, 40m, 40n, and 40p decreases toward the downstream side due to the branching of the openings 40k, 40m, 40n, and 40p.

[0046] Then, when the openings 40k to 40p are arranged in a straight line as shown in Fig. 12(a), the flow rate 34a decreases toward the downstream side of the chamber 4, and the flow rate 34p decreases significantly as shown in Fig. 12(b). Then, the flow rates 38k to 38p of the hot and cold air that branches and flows into the space 10 between the heat shield plate 8 and the floor material 6 are also larger at the upstream side and smaller at the downstream side, with the amount of decrease increasing toward the downstream side. In this case, a problem occurs in that the temperature difference between the space 10 near the upstream opening 40k and the space 10 near the downstream opening 40p becomes large.

[0047] In contrast, when the openings 40g-40j are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow direction of the hot and cold air as shown in FIG. 11(a), the flow rate 34a of the hot and cold air up to opening 40g is separated into a branched inflow rate 38d to opening 40g and a flow rate 34b flowing in the direction of opening 40i as shown in FIG. 11(b), and as shown in FIG. 11(c), the flow rate 34a of the hot and cold air is separated at opening 40h into a branched inflow rate 38h and a flow rate 34b flowing in the direction of opening 40j. The flow rate of the hot and cold air decreases the further downstream due to the branching at each opening 40, but since the spacing between the openings is widened in a straight line in the direction from the upstream to the downstream and the number of openings is halved in the straight line, the reduction in the flow rate separated from the downstream opening 40i or opening 40j can be suppressed compared to the case where openings 40k-40p are arranged in a straight line. This reduces the difference between the amount of water flowing into space 10 from the downstream opening 40i and the amount of water flowing into space 10 from the upstream opening 40g, thereby suppressing the temperature difference in each space 10 near each of the openings 40g to 40j.

[0048] Next, the size of the opening 5 and the flow of hot and cold air will be described. First, when the openings 5 ​​are of the same size as shown in Fig. 10 or 13, a large amount of hot and cold air just blown out from the air conditioner 50 can flow into the space 10 where the vertical gap between the floor material 6 and the heat shielding material 8 is narrow, so that the hot and cold air with little temperature change can flow from the air conditioner 50 into the space 10. Furthermore, the hot and cold air flowing in from the openings 5g, 5h, 5k, or 5m flows and mixes in the longitudinal direction M of the joists 2, the longitudinal direction N of the joists 3, and the diagonal direction Q, so that the temperature change of the hot and cold air flowing in the space 10 can be suppressed and the temperature can be made uniform. That is, the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention creates a narrow space 10 in the vertical direction below the floor material 6, and allows hot and cold air blown out from the air conditioner 50 to flow into this space 10 as quickly as possible, so that the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire space 10, thereby achieving a uniform temperature. Therefore, even if the size of the opening 5 is the same, there is a remarkable effect that the floor material 6 can quickly store heat at a uniform temperature, and the room 100 can be quickly cooled or heated.

[0049] Next, a description will be given of the flow of hot and cold air in a preferred embodiment in which the size of the openings 5 ​​is increased toward the downstream side. The size of the openings 5 ​​is increased in the flow of hot and cold air from the upstream opening 5a on the air conditioner 50 side toward the downstream openings 5b, 5c, or 5d. This makes it possible to equalize the flow rate of hot and cold air flowing from the air conditioner 50 into the space 10 among all the openings 5a to 5d.

[0050] The effect of increasing the opening area from the upstream opening 5a on the air conditioner 50 side to the downstream openings 5b, 5c, and 5d will be described. Fig. 9 shows an example in which the opening area of ​​the openings 40 increases toward the downstream side of the hot and cold air of the chamber 4, from openings 40a, 40b, and 40c, and Fig. 10 shows an example in which the opening area of ​​the openings 40f is the same from the upstream side to the downstream side of the hot and cold air of the chamber 4. In addition, the length L1 of the chamber 4 is about 100 m in the case of a gymnasium, but in Figs. 9 and 10, which are used to explain the openings 40, the number of openings 40 is significantly reduced from the actual number for ease of explanation.

[0051] The chamber 4 is a long pipe with a length L1 of about 100 m, and when hot and cold air flows, friction loss occurs in the pipe, and pressure loss occurs and the flow speed of the hot and cold air decreases the further downstream in the chamber 4. Then, as shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10, the flow speed of the hot and cold air is 30 at the upstream end of the chamber 4, but becomes flow speed 31, which is slower than flow speed 30, as it flows downstream, and then becomes flow speed 32, which is slower than flow speed 31, as it flows further downstream.

[0052] The inflow amount 38 of hot and cold air from the opening 40 is the inflow amount obtained by multiplying the area of ​​the opening 40 by the flow rate of the hot and cold air. Then, as shown in Fig. 10, when the size of the opening 40f is the same, the inflow amount 38b from the downstream opening 40f is smaller than the inflow amount 38a from the upstream opening 40f, as shown in Fig. 10(b), and furthermore, the inflow amount 38c from the downstream opening 40f is smaller than the inflow amount 38b. In this way, the inflow amount of hot and cold air into the space 10 decreases toward the downstream side, which causes a problem that a difference occurs between the temperature of the space 10 near the upstream opening 40f and the temperature of the space 10 near the downstream opening 40f in the space 10.

[0053] On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 9, if the opening area is increased toward the downstream side of the chamber section 4, for example by increasing the opening area in the order of opening 40a, opening 40b, and opening 40c, as shown in Fig. 9(b), the amount of hot and cold air flowing in from opening 40a on the upstream side of the chamber section 4 will be 38, the amount of hot and cold air flowing in from opening 40b on the downstream side will be 38, and the amount of hot and cold air flowing in from all openings 40a to 40c from the upstream side to the downstream side will be the same. This makes it possible to uniform the temperature distribution in the space 10 near all of the openings 40a to 40c.

[0054] Next, the through-flow opening 9 is an opening provided on the peripheral portion of the interior of the flooring 6, which corresponds to the other end side of the joist 2 in a plan view, as shown in Figure 2, and allows hot and cold air to flow from below to above the flooring 6.

[0055] The hot and cold air that flows down between the floor material 6 and the heat shield plate 8 can be cooled or heated by natural convection or forced convection means through the through-flow openings 9. As the forced convection means, for example, a blower is installed, but natural convection is preferable in consideration of the ease of maintenance under the floor.

[0056] Next, the flow of hot and cold air will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 or Fig. 5, hot and cold air from the air conditioner 50 flows in the direction K into the chamber 4 and continues to flow in the direction K.

[0057] The hot and cold air flows from openings 5a to 5d of a heat shield 8 in the chamber 4 into a narrow space 10 between the heat shield 8 and the floor material 6 in the vertical direction, and flows between the joists 2 in the longitudinal direction M of the joists 2. Within the space 10, the hot and cold air also flows in the longitudinal direction N and diagonal direction Q of the joists 3. After convection through the joists 2, the joists 3, and the floor material 6, the hot and cold air passes through a plurality of through-flow openings 9 provided around the periphery of the room 100 of the floor material 6, and flows from below to above the floor material 6 into the room 100.

[0058] The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention is characterized in that a heat shield 8 that blocks the vertical flow of hot and cold air is installed at approximately the same height as the underside of the slats 2, a space 10 is created in which the vertical distance between the heat shield 8 and the floor material 6 is narrow and hot and cold air can mix over the entire area, and hot and cold air from an air conditioner 50 flows directly and quickly in large quantities into the space 10 through openings 5 ​​or 40 provided in the heat shield 8. Another characteristic is that the size or arrangement of the openings 5 ​​or 40 is set so as to suppress the temperature difference in the space 10 near the openings 5 ​​or 40.

[0059] In implementing the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention, a heat shield 8 that blocks the flow of hot and cold air in the vertical direction is installed at approximately the same height as the underside of the joists 2, creating a narrow vertical space below the floor material 6 so that hot and cold air mix throughout the entire area. In the case of a large room 100 such as a gymnasium, multiple air conditioners 50 must be installed, so the arrangement of each opening 5 that allows hot and cold air from each air conditioner 50 to flow into the space 10, i.e., whether to arrange them in a straight line or a staggered pattern, and whether the size of each opening 5 should be the same or larger as it moves downstream from the air conditioner 50, should be appropriately determined depending on the size of the place where the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 is installed and its shape when viewed in a plan view.

[0060] To introduce some of the embodiments of the floor radiation convection cooling and heating system 1 of the present invention, for example, as shown in Fig. 14, two air conditioners 50 (not shown) are installed on one side of a building structure, and when hot and cold air is introduced into the chamber 4 from the inlet T1 and the inlet T2 from the upper or lateral direction of the room 100, the first opening 40a is made smaller than the other openings 40b to 40c, the opening 40b provided on the downstream side is made larger than the opening 40a, and the opening 40c provided further downstream is made larger than the opening 40b. In Fig. 14, the hot and cold air that flows in separately from the two inlets T1 and T2 from the two air conditioners 50 collides downstream of the opening 40c, becomes an updraft, and flows vigorously into the space 10. In addition, the openings 40b and 40c downstream of the opening 40a are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow of the hot and cold air.

[0061] Another example of the embodiment of the floor radiation convection cooling and heating system 1 is, for example, as shown in Fig. 15, a configuration in which two air conditioners 50 (not shown) are installed on each of the opposing sides of the building structure, and hot and cold air flows into the chamber 4 from the inlet T1, the inlet T2, the inlet T3, and the inlet T4 from above or laterally of the room 100. In this configuration, the openings 40a to 40c for each air conditioner 50 are arranged in a staggered manner in the direction of the flow of the hot and cold air, and the size of the openings 40a to 40c gradually increases in the direction of the flow of the hot and cold air. Then, the air collides with each other near the opening 40c at the downstream end from each air conditioner 50, forming an updraft, which flows forcefully into the space 10. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 1. Floor radiant convection heating and cooling system 2. Bridge 3 Joists 4. Chamber section 5 Opening 6. Flooring 7 Support 8 Heat shield 9 Through-flow port 10 Space 15 Underfloor partition board 18 Rigid foam board or plywood 20 Floor slab 30, 31, 32 flow rate 34 Flow rate 38 Inflow amount 40 Opening 50 Air conditioner 100 Indoor

Claims

1. A plurality of supports suspended above a floor slab; A plurality of long metal beams supported by the support and arranged in parallel; A plurality of elongated metal joists are arranged in a row in a direction perpendicular to and parallel to the joists, and abut against the lower surfaces of flooring materials constituting the room to support the flooring materials. A heat shield plate is installed in the horizontal direction between the joists at a height approximately equal to the height of the lower surface of the joists so as to prevent air from flowing vertically between the joists, A chamber portion that forms a flow path for hot and cold air from an air conditioner installed in the room is disposed below one end side of the joists, in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and only in the space sandwiched vertically between the joists, the heat shield, and the floor slab; A floor radiant convection heating and cooling system characterized in that the hot and cold air flowing within the chamber is allowed to flow directly into the space between the sides of the joists through openings provided in the heat shield for each joist along the longitudinal direction of the chamber, and immediately after flowing in, the hot and cold air is allowed to flow between the joists along the longitudinal direction of the joists.

2. 2. The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the openings are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow direction of the hot and cold air.

3. 3. The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the size of the openings increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the flow of the hot and cold air.

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