WAVE CONTROL MEDIUM, WAVE CONTROL ELEMENT, WAVE CONTROL DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING WAVE CONTROL MEDIUM

Abstract

Provided is a wave control medium capable of controlling waves while decreasing the size of a metamaterial or the like and increasing the bandwidth of the metamaterial or the like.　The wave control medium 10 is made of a material selected from one of a metal, a dielectric, a magnetic material, a semiconductor, a superconductor or a plurality of combinations thereof, is formed by combining at least two among a coil 11 and a coil 12 of a three-dimensional microstructure formed in a spiral structure, and serves as a capacitor and an inductor. The coil 11 and the coil 12 form a capacitor between the side surface of the coil 11 and the side surface of the coil 12 facing each other, and form an inductor by forming a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure by virtue of the coil 11 and the coil 12 having a spiral structure.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present technology relates to a technology using a wave control medium or the like, and more specifically, to a technology for controlling waves using an artificial structure. [Background technology]

[0002] It has been proposed to use metamaterials having properties such as a negative refractive index for the reflection, shielding, absorption, phase modulation, etc. of various waves including radio waves, light waves, and sound waves. Here, metamaterials refer to artificial structures that produce functions that cannot be exhibited by substances that exist in nature. Metamaterials are made to express properties that do not exist in nature by arranging unit microstructures of, for example, metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, superconductors, etc. at intervals that are sufficiently short compared to the wavelength. Metamaterials made in this way can control waves such as electromagnetic waves by controlling the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.

[0003] The wave control medium, which is the unit structure of a metamaterial, is usually about 1 / 10 of the wavelength, and functions by arranging it into an array structure of several units. When dealing with waves with long wavelengths, such as microwaves and sound waves in the audible range, the metamaterial structure also expands according to the wavelength, requiring a large footprint. This poses a problem when dealing with such waves in small electronic devices.

[0004] In addition, because the operating principle of metamaterials is based on the resonance phenomenon caused by the interaction between waves and structures, the response strength at frequencies other than the resonant frequency is rapidly reduced, resulting in a narrowband response, which becomes a problem when dealing with a wide range of frequencies at the same time.

[0005] In view of the above problems, in order to put metamaterials into practical use, it is desirable to simultaneously realize miniaturization and broadbanding of metamaterials.

[0006] As a solution to miniaturization, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a metamaterial that includes a plurality of first resonators, each of which produces a negative dielectric constant for a predetermined wavelength, each of the first resonators having an internal space, a plurality of second resonators, each of which produces a negative magnetic permeability for the predetermined wavelength, and a support member that fixes the positions of the first resonators and the second resonators, the support member fixing each of the second resonators inside the plurality of first resonators and fixing the plurality of first resonators so that the plurality of first resonators are spatially continuous.

[0007] As a solution to the problem of widening the bandwidth, for example, Patent Document 2 proposes a metamaterial device that has a lattice structure made of strip dielectrics instead of a lattice structure made of strip conductors. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2010 / 026907 [Patent Document 2] JP 2017-152959 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] However, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not propose a solution that simultaneously achieves the miniaturization and broadband characteristics of metamaterials, and further development of wave control media, which are unit structures of metamaterials that simultaneously achieve these objectives, is desired.

[0010] Therefore, a main object of the present technology is to provide a wave control medium capable of controlling waves while miniaturizing metamaterials and broadening their bandwidth. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] This technology provides a wave control medium that is formed by combining at least two three-dimensional microstructures made of a material selected from one of metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and superconductors, or a combination of two or more of these, and that acts as both a capacitor and an inductor. The three-dimensional microstructure may be formed in a spiral structure. The three-dimensional microstructure may be formed in a multi-layer structure. The at least two three-dimensional microstructures may be formed in a continuous structure in which they face each other and are intertwined without contacting each other. The three-dimensional microstructure may be formed in a cone shape. At least one of the three-dimensional microstructures may be formed in any one of a wire shape, a plate shape, and a sphere shape.

[0012] The present technology also provides a wave control element in which the wave control medium is integrated in an array structure or multiple pieces are distributed.It is also possible to provide a wave control element that includes the wave control medium, has a longitudinal distance less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the wave, and has a response bandwidth of 30% or more.

[0013] The present technology also provides a wave control device having a metamaterial composed of the wave control medium.The present technology also provides a wave control device including an electromagnetic wave absorbing and / or shielding member having the metamaterial.The present technology also provides a wave control device including a sensor having the electromagnetic wave absorbing and / or shielding member.

[0014] The present technology also provides a wave control device including an electromagnetic waveguide having the wave control medium.The present technology also provides a wave control device including a computing element having the electromagnetic waveguide.The present technology also provides a wave control device that transmits and receives or emits and receives light using the wave control medium.

[0015] Furthermore, this technology provides a method for manufacturing a wave control medium, in which a microstructure made of a material selected from one of metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and superconductors, or a combination of these, is formed into a three-dimensional structure using a molecular template that utilizes the self-organization of organic matter. Effect of the Invention

[0016] According to the present technology, it is possible to provide a wave control medium capable of controlling waves while miniaturizing and broadening the bandwidth of metamaterials, etc. Note that the above effects are not necessarily limiting, and any of the effects shown in this specification or other effects that can be understood from this specification may be achieved together with or instead of the above effects. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a three-dimensional microstructure of a wave control medium according to a first embodiment of the present technology. [Diagram 2] 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a first embodiment of the present technology. [Diagram 3] 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present technology. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a second embodiment of the present technology. [Diagram 5] 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a second embodiment of the present technology. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a third embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a fourth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a fifth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a modified example of a wave control medium according to the fifth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 10]FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing another modified example of the wave control medium according to the fifth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a sixth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a modified example of a wave control medium according to the sixth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium according to a seventh embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 14] 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of an electromagnetic wave absorbing member according to an eighth embodiment of the present technology. FIG. [Figure 15] 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of an electromagnetic wave absorbing member according to an eighth embodiment of the present technology. FIG. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a waveguide according to a ninth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 17] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of a waveguide according to the ninth embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 18] 1 is a graph illustrating a fractional bandwidth of a metamaterial having a wave control medium according to the present technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the present technology will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are examples of typical embodiments of the present technology, and any of the embodiments can be combined. In addition, the scope of the present technology is not narrowly interpreted by these. The description will be given in the following order. 1. First embodiment (multiple coil type) (1) Overview of metamaterials (2) Example of the configuration of the wave control medium 10 (multiple coil type 1) (3) Example of manufacturing method of the wave control medium 10 (4) Modification (multiple coil type 2) 2. Second embodiment (coaxial cable type) 3. Third embodiment (double gyroid type) 4. Fourth embodiment (cone type) 5. Fifth embodiment (combination with wire structure) (1) Combination of multiple structures (2) Example of the configuration of the wave control medium 50 (3) Modification 1 of the wave control medium 50 (4) Modification 2 of the wave control medium 50 6. Sixth embodiment (combination with plate structure) (1) Example of the configuration of the wave control medium 80 (2) Modifications of the wave control medium 80 7. Seventh embodiment (combination with spherical structure) 8. Eighth embodiment (electromagnetic wave absorbing member) 9. Ninth embodiment (electromagnetic wave guide) (1) Configuration example of electromagnetic wave guide 120 (2) Modifications of the electromagnetic wave guide 120 10. Fractional Bandwidth 11.Other applications

[0019] 1. First embodiment (multiple coil type) (1) Overview of metamaterials First, an overview of a metamaterial having a wave control medium, which is a unit structure of a medium that controls wave motion such as electromagnetic waves and sound waves, will be described.

[0020] A metamaterial is, for example, constructed by arranging unit structures, each of which has a size sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave and has a resonator inside, in a dielectric material. The interval between the unit structures (resonators) of the metamaterial is set to about 1 / 10 or less, or about 1 / 5 or less, of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used.

[0021] By setting this configuration, it is possible to artificially control the permittivity ε and / or permeability μ of the metamaterial, and the refractive index n (= ±[ε μ] 1 / 2 In particular, in metamaterials, by appropriately adjusting the shape and dimensions of the unit structures, for example, to simultaneously realize a negative dielectric constant and a negative magnetic permeability, it is possible to make the refractive index a negative value for electromagnetic waves of a desired wavelength.

[0022] Incidentally, the resonant (operating) frequency ω of a metamaterial is determined by the inductance L and capacitance C when the metamaterial is described as a circuit according to LC circuit theory, and the larger the inductance L and capacitance C, the lower the resonant frequency. In other words, if a high-density structure has a large inductance L and capacitance C, even a small metamaterial can function for waves with long wavelengths (= low frequencies).

[0023] Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to put the above-mentioned metamaterial into practical use, an example of the configuration of a wave control medium, which is a unit structure of a metamaterial that can simultaneously realize the miniaturization and wide-area of ​​the metamaterial, and a manufacturing method thereof will be described.

[0024] (2) Example of the configuration of the wave control medium 10 (multiple coil type 1) First, a configuration example (multiple coil type 1) of a three-dimensional microstructure of a wave control medium 10 according to a first embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a three-dimensional microstructure of a wave control medium 10 of the multiple coil type 1 according to this embodiment. The wave control medium 10 according to this embodiment is a unit structure of a metamaterial, and is capable of controlling waves such as electromagnetic waves and sound waves.

[0025] As shown in Fig. 1, the wave control medium 10 includes coils 11 and 12, which are three-dimensional microstructures formed into a helical structure. The wave control medium 10 forms a double helical structure of thin wires in which the coil 12 is wound in parallel facing the outer side of the coil 11. The wave control medium 10 is not limited to a double coil, but may have a triple or more multiple coil structure. In the case of triple or more multiple coils, the facing direction of each coil is not limited to a parallel positional relationship, and may be arranged so as not to be in direct contact with each other.

[0026] Coil 11 and coil 12 are formed of copper wire or the like made of a material selected from one of metal, dielectric, magnetic material, semiconductor, and superconductor, or a combination of a plurality of these. The materials of coil 11 and coil 12 do not need to be the same, and may be different materials. In addition, coil 11 and coil 12 form a capacitor between the opposing side of coil 11 and side of coil 12, and coil 11 and coil 12 have a spiral structure to form a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure, thereby forming an inductor.

[0027] Next, a configuration example of the wave control medium 10 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2A is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the wave control medium 10 of a multi-coil type 1 according to this embodiment. Fig. 2B is a side view showing the configuration example of the wave control medium 10, and Fig. 2C is a plan view showing the configuration example of the wave control medium 10.

[0028] 2A, the wave control medium 10 includes a coil 11 and a coil 12 formed in a double helix structure wound in parallel, and a base 14 formed on a substrate or a rectangular parallelepiped and connected to the coils 11 and 12 via a matching element 13. The matching element 13 is disposed over the entire surface of the base 14 facing the coils 11 and 12.

[0029] The matching element 13 may be, for example, a copper plate, a resin, a loss-type resistive element that functions as a resistor, a circuit-type element that functions as a capacitor and an inductor, etc. The base 14 may be, for example, a resin or a dielectric material.

[0030] 2B, the height L1 of the entire coils 11 and 12 is preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 2 the wavelength of the incident wave, and the horizontal width S1 of the coils 11 and 12 with respect to the surface of the base 14 is preferably 1 / 1000 to 1 / 10 the wavelength of the incident wave. The wave control medium 10 has a structure in which each of the coils 11 and 12 has a role equivalent to a reactance, and the interval of width S1 allows them to play a role equivalent to a capacitor.

[0031] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2C, the diameter D1 of one turn of coils 11 and 12 is preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 2 the wavelength of the incident wave, and the width d1 of the thin wire of coils 11 and 12 is preferably 1 / 1000 to 1 / 100 of the wavelength of the incident wave.

[0032] The wave control medium 10 according to this embodiment provides a solution for simultaneously realizing miniaturization and broadband by using a three-dimensional multiple coil made of a plurality of opposing thin conductor wires as a unit microstructure of the metamaterial.

[0033] It is known that metamaterials with a three-dimensional coil structure resonate with waves having wavelengths comparable to the length of the coil, and with shorter waves that are a constant fraction of that length, and exhibit broadband characteristics with multiple resonance peaks broadly coupled. In addition, the relationship between the size of the metamaterial structure and the wavelength depends on the inductance and capacitance when the metamaterial structure is considered as an equivalent circuit, and metamaterials with larger inductance and capacitance can be made smaller.

[0034] The wave control medium 10 has a multiplexed three-dimensional coil structure to increase inductance, and also has a capacitance increased by forming capacitors between the fine wires. Therefore, the wave control medium 10 can realize a metamaterial that is compact due to the fine structure, and has wideband characteristics due to the three-dimensional multiple resonance structure. In addition, the wave control medium 10 has a matching element 13 that makes the change in the overall impedance smooth, enabling the absorption of reflected waves within the base 14, and therefore can absorb and control waves.

[0035] Furthermore, the wave control medium 10 allows wave control elements (antennas, lenses, speakers, etc.) using the wave control medium 10 to be significantly miniaturized. Furthermore, the wave control medium 10 enables new functions such as complete shielding, absorption, rectification, and filtering that cannot be achieved with natural materials. Furthermore, the wave control medium 10 can exert the above-mentioned effects in a wide range, not limited to electromagnetic waves, but including light waves and sound waves. In particular, the wave control medium 10 can exert its effects in a range with long wavelengths and wide bandwidths.

[0036] (3) Example of manufacturing method of the wave control medium 10 Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the wave control medium 10 according to this embodiment will be described.

[0037] The wave control medium 10 can be manufactured by, for example, a molecular template method. Here, the molecular template method refers to a method of forming a microstructure made of a material selected from one of metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, superconductors, etc., or a combination of a plurality of these materials, using a minute and complex structure obtained from an organic substance (artificial / biopolymer, nanoparticles, liquid crystal molecules, etc.) as a template. There are two main known molecular template methods, which will be described later.

[0038] The first method involves plating or other coatings on organic structures, while the second method involves forming a structure from an organic material that has already been doped with precursors of metals or oxides, and then converting the precursors into metals or oxides by firing and oxidizing / reducing the structure.

[0039] In this embodiment, a three-dimensional spiral structure made of an organic material is used as a template, and electrolytic or electroless plating is performed on the template to produce the wave control medium 10 formed into the coils 11 and 12 having a metallic spiral structure. In the manufacturing process of the wave control medium 10, the coils 11 and 12 can be formed into a three-dimensional fine structure by utilizing the self-organization of the organic material. According to the manufacturing method of this embodiment, it is possible to easily manufacture the wave control medium 10 having a complex and fine three-dimensional microstructure that is difficult to manufacture by ordinary methods.

[0040] The wave control medium 10 may be produced by a method in which a metal film formed on a substrate such as a dielectric material is etched, and then a three-dimensional spiral structure is formed by utilizing the bending of the metal pattern due to stress.

[0041] (4) Modification (multiple coil type 2) Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 15 according to a modified example of this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Fig. 3A is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a multi-coil type 2 wave control medium 15 according to a modified example of this embodiment. Fig. 3B is a side view showing a configuration example of the wave control medium 15, and Fig. 3C is a plan view showing a configuration example of the wave control medium 15. The wave control medium 15 is a unit structure of a metamaterial like the wave control medium 10 according to this embodiment.

[0042] 3A, the wave control medium 15 includes coils 16 and 17 formed in a double helix structure with their ends offset from one another and overlapping each other, and a base 19 formed on a substrate or a rectangular parallelepiped and connected to the coils 16 and 17 via a matching element 18. The matching element 18 is disposed over the entire surface of the base 19 facing the coils 16 and 17.

[0043] 3B, the height L2 of the entire coils 16 and 17 is preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 2 the wavelength of the incident wave, and the width S2 of the coils 16 and 17 in the vertical direction to the surface of the base 19 is preferably 1 / 1000 to 1 / 10 the wavelength of the incident wave. The wave control medium 15 has a structure in which each of the coils 16 and 17 has a role equivalent to a reactance, and the interval of width S2 allows the coils 16 and 17 to play a role equivalent to a capacitor.

[0044] 3C, the diameter D2 of one turn of the coils 16 and 17 is preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 2 the wavelength of the incident wave, and the width d2 of the thin wires of the coils 16 and 17 is preferably 1 / 1000 to 1 / 100 of the wavelength of the incident wave. Furthermore, the deviation in the helical direction (circumferential direction) between the end of the coil 16 and the end of the coil 17 is preferably 1° to 90° when expressed as the central angle θ of one turn.

[0045] The materials of coil 16 and coil 17 do not need to be the same, and may be different materials. In addition, coil 16 and coil 17 form a capacitor between the lower surface of coil 16 and the upper surface of coil 17, which face each other, and form an inductor by forming a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure by the spiral structure of coil 17.

[0046] The wave control medium 15 has a multiplexed three-dimensional coil structure to increase inductance, and also has a capacitance increased by forming capacitors between the fine wires. Therefore, the wave control medium 15 can achieve a metamaterial having a wideband characteristic by being miniaturized due to the fine structure and having a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure. In addition, the wave control medium 15, like the wave control medium 10, can absorb and control waves by having a matching element 18.

[0047] 2. Second embodiment (coaxial cable type) Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 20 according to a second embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Fig. 4A is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a coaxial cable type wave control medium 20 according to this embodiment. Fig. 4B is a side view showing a configuration example of the wave control medium 20, and Fig. 4C is a plan view showing a configuration example of the wave control medium 20. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a three-dimensional structure of the wave control medium 20. The wave control medium 20 according to this embodiment is a unit structure of a metamaterial, similar to the first embodiment.

[0048] 4A, the wave control medium 20 includes a coil 22 formed in a spiral structure with a coil 21 disposed in an internal space via a gap or resin, and a base 24 formed on a substrate or a rectangular parallelepiped and connected to the coil 22 via a matching element 23. The matching element 23 is disposed over the entire surface of the base 24 facing the coil 22.

[0049] 4B, the height L3 of the entire coil 22 is preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 2 the wavelength of the incident wave, and the width S3 of the gap G or resin between the coils 21 and 22 is preferably 1 / 1000 to 1 / 10 the wavelength of the incident wave. The wave control medium 20 has a structure in which the coils 21 and 22 each have a role equivalent to a reactance, and the interval of width S3 allows them to play a role equivalent to a capacitor.

[0050] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4C, the diameter D3 of one turn of coils 21 and 22 is preferably 1 / 100 to 1 / 2 the wavelength of the incident wave, and the width d3 of the thin wire of coils 21 and 22 is preferably 1 / 1000 to 1 / 100 of the wavelength of the incident wave.

[0051] As shown in Fig. 5, the three-dimensional structure of the wave control medium 20 forms a coaxial cable type. The wave control medium 20 is formed in a two-layer structure (multi-layer structure) in which the outer surface of the coil 21, which is a three-dimensional microstructure formed in a spiral structure like the wave control medium 10 according to the first embodiment, is covered with the inner surface of the coil 22 across a fine gap G or resin. The wave control medium 20 forms one coil structure as a whole, but has two three-dimensional microstructures formed by the coil 22 and the coil 21 built into the coil 22. The wave control medium 20 is not limited to a two-layer structure but may be a multi-layer structure of three or more layers, and may be a multiple coil structure of two or more layers but not limited to a single coil as a whole.

[0052] Coil 21 and coil 22 are formed of thin wires. Coil 21 and coil 22 form a capacitor between the opposing outer surface of coil 21 and inner surface of coil 22, and coil 21 and coil 22 have a spiral structure to form a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure, thereby forming an inductor.

[0053] The wave control medium 20 has a multi-layered three-dimensional coil structure to increase inductance, and also has a capacitance increased by forming a capacitor between the outer surface of the thin wire coil 21 and the inner surface of the coil 22. Therefore, according to the wave control medium 20, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to realize a metamaterial that is compact due to the fine structure and has wideband characteristics due to the three-dimensional multiple resonance structure.

[0054] 3. Third embodiment (double gyroid type) Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 30 according to a third embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a double gyroid type wave control medium 30 according to this embodiment. The wave control medium 30 according to this embodiment is also a unit structure of a metamaterial, similar to the first embodiment.

[0055] As shown in Fig. 6, the wave control medium 30 forms a double gyroid type. Here, the double gyroid refers to a continuous structure in which two coils are entangled facing each other without contacting each other. The wave control medium 30 includes coils 31 and 32 that are three-dimensional microstructures, and forms a continuous three-dimensional structure in which the coils 31 and 32 are entangled facing each other without contacting each other. Note that the wave control medium 30 is not limited to a double gyroid with a double coil, but may be a gyroid with a triple or more multiple coil structure.

[0056] Coil 31 and coil 32 are formed of thin wire. Coil 31 and coil 32 form a capacitor between the opposing side of coil 31 and side of coil 22, and coil 31 and coil 32 have a continuous three-dimensional structure to form a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure, thereby forming an inductor.

[0057] The wave control medium 30 has an increased inductance by multiplexing the three-dimensional coil structure, and also has an increased capacitance by forming a capacitor between the side surface of the thin wire coil 31 and the side surface of the coil 22. Therefore, according to the wave control medium 30, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to realize a metamaterial that is miniaturized by the fine structure and has wideband characteristics by the three-dimensional multiple resonance structure.

[0058] 4. Fourth embodiment (cone type) Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 40 according to a fourth embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a cone-shaped wave control medium 40 according to this embodiment. The wave control medium 40 according to this embodiment is also a unit structure of a metamaterial, similar to the first embodiment.

[0059] As shown in Fig. 7, the wave control medium 40 as a whole forms a cone shape that widens downward toward the paper surface of Fig. 7. The wave control medium 40 includes coils 41 and 42 that are three-dimensional microstructures, and forms a double helix structure of fine wire in which the coil 42 is wound in parallel facing the outside of the coil 41. Note that the wave control medium 40 is not limited to a double coil, and may have a multiple coil structure of three or more coils. Furthermore, the wave control medium 40 may be a cone shape that narrows downward toward the paper surface of Fig. 7 as a whole.

[0060] Coil 41 and coil 42 are formed of thin wire. Coil 41 and coil 42 form a capacitor between the opposing side of coil 41 and side of coil 42, and coil 41 and coil 42 have a conical spiral structure to form a three-dimensional multiple resonance structure, thereby forming an inductor.

[0061] The wave control medium 40 has an increased inductance by multiplexing the three-dimensional coil structure, and also has an increased capacitance by forming a capacitor between the side surface of the thin wire coil 41 and the side surface of the thin wire coil 42. Therefore, according to the wave control medium 40, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to realize a metamaterial that is miniaturized by the fine structure and has wideband characteristics by the three-dimensional multiple resonance structure.

[0062] 5. Fifth embodiment (combination with wire structure) (1) Combination of multiple structures In the fifth embodiment of the present technology, an example of designing a wave control medium by combining a plurality of structures will be described. The purpose of combining a plurality of structures is, for example, to create a structure in which each structure functions with respect to the electric field and the magnetic field that constitute the electromagnetic wave. In other words, the purpose is to share the functions among the structures.

[0063] Here, the function for the electric field is the relative dielectric constant ε r The function of the magnetic field is the relative permeability μ r Therefore, the wave control medium according to this embodiment can control the relative dielectric constant and the relative permeability to desired values ​​with a high degree of freedom by combining a plurality of structures.

[0064] (2) Example of the configuration of the wave control medium 50 Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 50 according to a fifth embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 8. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium 50 according to this embodiment. The wave control medium 50 differs from the wave control medium 10 according to the first embodiment in that a wire structure is combined with a double coil structure. The other configurations of the wave control medium 50 are similar to those of the wave control medium 10.

[0065] As shown in Fig. 8, the wave control medium 50 includes coils 11 and 12, which are three-dimensional microstructures formed into a helical structure. The wave control medium 50 forms a double helical structure of thin wires in which the coil 12 is wound in parallel facing the outside of the coil 11. Furthermore, the wave control medium 50 includes a rod-shaped thin wire 51 that extends in the direction of the central axis of the helical structure inside the coil 11 at the position of the central axis. The wire 51 is disposed at a minute interval from the coil 11.

[0066] The coil of the wave control medium 50 is not limited to a double coil, but may be a single coil or a triple or more multiple coil structure. In the case of triple or more multiple coils, the facing directions of the coils are not limited to a parallel positional relationship, and may be arranged so as not to be in direct contact with each other.

[0067] Like coil 11 and coil 12, wire 51 is formed of a thin wire made of a material selected from one of metal, dielectric, magnetic material, semiconductor, and superconductor, or a combination of a plurality of these. Moreover, wire 51 does not need to be made of the same material as coil 11 and coil 12, and may be made of a different material. Furthermore, the number of wires 51 is not limited to one, and may be two or more. Note that wire 51 is not limited to being contained within coil 11 and coil 12, and may be adjacent to or in the vicinity of coil 11 and coil 12.

[0068] In the wave control medium 50, the electric field direction of the applied radio waves coincides with the vibration direction of the electrons extending through the wire 51, and the magnetic field direction of the applied radio waves is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic force electromagnetically induced by the circular current flowing through the coils 11 and 12. At this time, the wire 51 functions in a magnetic field, and the coils 11 and 12 function in an electric field. That is, the electrons vibrating along the wire 51 function in relation to the magnetic field. Also, the coils 11 and 12 function in relation to the electric field.

[0069] In this way, the function of the magnetic field is the relative permeability μ rThe function of the electric field is to control the relative dielectric constant ε r Therefore, by combining a plurality of structures, the wave control medium 50 can control the relative permeability and the relative permittivity to desired values ​​with a high degree of freedom.

[0070] According to the wave control medium 50 of this embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the wave control medium 10 of the first embodiment, when it is difficult to obtain desired physical properties only with the spiral structures of the coils 11 and 12, the structures of the wire 51 can be combined to share the roles of functions and finely adjust the relative permeability and / or relative permittivity. Furthermore, according to the wave control medium 50, since the wire 51 and the coil 11 also function as a capacitor, the capacitance can be increased more than that of the wave control medium 10.

[0071] (3) Modification 1 of the wave control medium 50 Next, a first modified example of the wave control medium 50 will be described with reference to Fig. 9. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium 60 which is the first modified example of the wave control medium 50. The wave control medium 60 differs from the wave control medium 50 in that the wire is located outside the coil and extends in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the coil. Other configurations of the wave control medium 60 are similar to those of the wave control medium 50.

[0072] 9, the wave control medium 60 is provided with a rod-shaped thin wire 61 extending in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the spiral structure of the coil 11 and the coil 12 on the outer side of the coil 11 and the coil 12. The wire 61 is disposed at a small distance from the coil 12.

[0073] In the wave control medium 60, the electric field direction of the applied radio waves coincides with the vibration direction of the electrons extending through the wire 61, and the magnetic field direction of the applied radio waves coincides with the magnetic force direction electromagnetically induced by the circular current flowing through the coils 11 and 12. At this time, the wire 61 functions in the electric field, and the coils 11 and 12 function in the magnetic field. That is, the electrons vibrating along the wire 61 function in relation to the electric field. Furthermore, when a circular current is generated by the electrons vibrating along the coils 11 and 12, a magnetic force is induced at the central axis position of the center of the coils 11 and 12 due to the principle of electromagnetic induction, and as a result, the coils 11 and 12 function in relation to the magnetic field.

[0074] In this way, the function of the electric field is the relative dielectric constant ε r The function of the magnetic field is the relative permeability μ r Therefore, by combining a plurality of structures, the wave control medium 60 can control the relative dielectric constant and the relative permeability to desired values ​​with a high degree of freedom.

[0075] According to the wave control medium 60 of this modified example, similarly to the wave control medium 50, when it is difficult to obtain the desired physical properties with only the spiral structures of the coils 11 and 12, the structures of the wire 61 can be combined to share functions and fine-tune the relative dielectric constant and / or relative permeability.

[0076] (4) Modification 2 of the wave control medium 50 Next, modified example 2 of the wave control medium 50 will be described with reference to Fig. 10. Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium 70 which is modified example 2 of the wave control medium 50. The wave control medium 70 differs from the wave control medium 50 in that the wire is located outside the coil. Other configurations of the wave control medium 70 are similar to those of the wave control medium 50.

[0077] 10, the wave control medium 70 is provided with a rod-shaped thin wire 71 extending in a direction parallel to the central axis of the spiral structure of the coils 11 and 12 on the outside of the coils 11 and 12. The wire 71 is disposed at a small distance from the coil 12.

[0078] In the wave control medium 70, the electric field direction of the applied radio waves coincides with the vibration direction of the electrons extending through the wire 71, and the magnetic field direction of the applied radio waves is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic force electromagnetically induced by the circular current flowing through the coils 11 and 12. At this time, the wire 71 functions in a magnetic field, and the coils 11 and 12 function in an electric field. In other words, the electrons vibrating along the wire 71 function in relation to the magnetic field. Also, the coils 11 and 12 function in relation to the electric field.

[0079] The wave control medium 70 according to this modification can have the same effects as the wave control medium 50.

[0080] 6. Sixth embodiment (combination with plate structure) (1) Example of the configuration of the wave control medium 80 Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 80 according to a sixth embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 11. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium 80 according to this embodiment. The wave control medium 80 differs from the wave control medium 10 according to the first embodiment in that a double coil structure is combined with a plate structure. The other configurations of the wave control medium 80 are similar to those of the wave control medium 10.

[0081] 11, the wave control medium 80 includes the coil 11 and the coil 12, similar to the wave control medium 10. Furthermore, the wave control medium 80 includes a thin plate 81 extending in a direction parallel to the central axis of the spiral structure of the coil 11 and the coil 12, on the outer side of the coil 11 and the coil 12. The plate 81 is disposed at a small distance from the coil 12.

[0082] Like the coil 11 and the coil 12, the plate 81 is formed of a thin wire made of a material selected from one of metal, dielectric, magnetic material, semiconductor, and superconductor, or a combination of a plurality of these. The material of the plate 81 does not need to be the same as that of the coil 11 and the coil 12, and may be different from each other. Furthermore, the number of plates 81 is not limited to one, and may be two or more. The plate 81 may be provided at the central axis position of the spiral structure inside the coil 11, separated from the coil 11 in the direction in which the central axis extends. In this case, the plate 81 acts as a capacitor between the plate 81 and the coil 11, so that the capacitance can be increased more than that of the wave control medium 10.

[0083] In the wave control medium 80, the electric field direction of the applied radio waves and the vibration direction of the electrons extending through the plate 81 coincide with each other, and the magnetic field direction of the applied radio waves and the magnetic force direction electromagnetically induced by the circular current flowing through the coils 11 and 12 are perpendicular to each other. At this time, the plate 81 functions in a magnetic field, and the coils 11 and 12 function in an electric field. That is, the electrons vibrating along the plate 81 function in a magnetic field. Also, the coils 11 and 12 function in an electric field.

[0084] In this way, the function of the magnetic field is the relative permeability μ r The function of the electric field is to control the relative dielectric constant ε r Therefore, by combining a plurality of structures, the wave control medium 80 can control the relative permeability and the relative dielectric constant to desired values ​​with a high degree of freedom.

[0085] The wave control medium 80 of this embodiment has the same effects as the wave control medium 10 of the first embodiment, and in addition, when it is difficult to obtain the desired physical properties with only the spiral structures of the coils 11 and 12, the structures of the plate 81 can be combined to share functions and fine-tune the relative permeability and / or relative permittivity.

[0086] (2) Modifications of the wave control medium 80 Next, a modified example of the wave control medium 80 will be described with reference to Fig. 12. Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a wave control medium 90 which is a modified example of the wave control medium 80. The wave control medium 90 differs from the wave control medium 80 in that the plates extend in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the coil. Other configurations of the wave control medium 90 are similar to those of the wave control medium 90.

[0087] 12, the wave control medium 90 is provided with a plate-like thin wire plate 91 extending in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the spiral structure of the coils 11 and 12 on the outer side of the coils 11 and 12. The plate 91 is disposed at a small distance from the coil 12.

[0088] In the wave control medium 90, the electric field direction of the applied radio waves and the vibration direction of the electrons extending through the plate 91 coincide with each other, and the magnetic field direction of the applied radio waves and the magnetic force direction electromagnetically induced by the circular current flowing through the coils 11 and 12 coincide with each other. At this time, the plate 91 functions in the electric field, and the coils 11 and 12 function in the magnetic field. That is, the electrons vibrating along the plate 91 function in relation to the electric field. Furthermore, when a circular current is generated by the electrons vibrating along the coils 11 and 12, a magnetic force is induced at the central axis position of the center of the coils 11 and 12 according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, and as a result, the coils 11 and 12 function in relation to the magnetic field.

[0089] In this way, the function of the electric field is the relative dielectric constant ε r The function of the magnetic field is the relative permeability μ r Therefore, by combining a plurality of structures, the wave control medium 90 can control the relative dielectric constant and the relative permeability to desired values ​​with a high degree of freedom.

[0090] According to the wave control medium 90 of this modified example, similarly to the wave control medium 80, when it is difficult to obtain the desired physical properties with only the spiral structures of the coils 11 and 12, the structures of the plate 81 can be combined to share functions and fine-tune the relative dielectric constant and / or relative permeability.

[0091] 7. Seventh embodiment (combination with spherical structure) Next, a configuration example of a wave control medium 100 according to a seventh embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 13. Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the wave control medium 100 according to this embodiment. The wave control medium 100 differs from the wave control medium 10 according to the first embodiment in that a spherical structure is combined with a double coil structure. The other configurations of the wave control medium 100 are similar to those of the wave control medium 10.

[0092] 13, the wave control medium 100 includes a coil 11 and a coil 12, which are three-dimensional microstructures, like the wave control medium 10. Furthermore, the wave control medium 100 includes a plurality of spheres 101 arranged in the direction in which the central axis extends, at the central axis position of the spiral structure inside the coil 11. The spheres 101 are arranged at a minute interval from the coil 11.

[0093] Like coil 11 and coil 12, sphere 101 is formed of a material selected from one of metal, dielectric, magnetic material, semiconductor, and superconductor, or a combination of a plurality of these materials. Moreover, sphere 101 does not need to be made of the same material as coil 11 and coil 12, and may be made of a different material. Furthermore, there is no limit to the number of spheres 101, and any number may be used. Note that sphere 101 may be disposed outside coil 11 and coil 12.

[0094] In the wave control medium 100, the electric field direction of the applied radio waves coincides with the vibration direction of the electrons arranged in the sphere 101, and the magnetic field direction of the applied radio waves is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic force electromagnetically induced by the circular current flowing in the coils 11 and 12. At this time, the sphere 101 functions in a magnetic field, and the coils 11 and 12 function in an electric field. In other words, the electrons vibrating along the sphere 101 function in relation to the magnetic field. Also, the coils 11 and 12 function in relation to the electric field.

[0095] According to the wave control medium 100 of this embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the wave control medium 10 of the first embodiment, when it is difficult to obtain desired physical properties only with the spiral structures of the coils 11 and 12, the functions can be shared by combining the structures of the spheres 101, and the relative permeability and / or relative permittivity can be finely adjusted. Furthermore, according to the wave control medium 100, since the spheres 101 and the coil 11 also function as a capacitor, the capacitance can be increased more than that of the wave control medium 10.

[0096] 8. Eighth embodiment (electromagnetic wave absorbing member) Next, a configuration example of an electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 according to an eighth embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 14 and Fig. 15. Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the extending direction showing the configuration example of the electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 according to this embodiment.

[0097] 14, electromagnetic wave absorbing member (electromagnetic wave absorbing sheet) 110 has a rectangular shape with a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction extending horizontally. Electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 has a support 111 at the bottom, and a wave control medium 112 above support 111. Support 111 is made of metal, dielectric material, or resin.

[0098] The wave control medium 112 is a metamaterial having a resin of wave control elements in which any of the three-dimensional structures of the wave control media 10 to 100 described above is integrated in an array structure or a plurality of wave control elements are distributed.

[0099] As an example, a structure in which three-dimensional structures of the wave control medium 10 are dispersed in resin is shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 15A is a perspective view showing an example of the configuration of an electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 viewed from an oblique direction. Fig. 15A is a perspective view showing an example of the configuration of an electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 viewed from a cross-sectional direction.

[0100] As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 has a plurality of three-dimensional structures of the wave control medium 10 randomly dispersed as particles within the resin of the wave control medium 112.

[0101] The electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 can absorb the irradiated electromagnetic wave by controlling the refractive index in a direction in which the electromagnetic wave is absorbed by the wave control medium 112 in which the three-dimensional structure of the wave control medium 10 is arranged. The electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 can also be used as an electromagnetic wave shielding member that shields the irradiated electromagnetic wave by controlling the refractive index in a direction in which the electromagnetic wave is shielded by the wave control medium 112. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave absorbing member 110 can be applied to sensors such as ETC and radar.

[0102] 9. Ninth embodiment (electromagnetic wave guide) (1) Configuration example of electromagnetic wave guide 120 Next, a configuration example of the electromagnetic wave guide 120 according to the ninth embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 16. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the extending direction showing the configuration example of the electromagnetic wave guide 120 according to the present embodiment.

[0103] 16, the electromagnetic wave guide 120 has a rectangular shape with a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction spreading horizontally. The electromagnetic wave guide 120 has a support 121 at the bottom, and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) or dielectric medium 122 above the support 121. The support 121 is made of silicon (Si), a metal, a dielectric material, or a resin.

[0104] The medium 122 is provided at a contact position with the support 121 at the center thereof with a waveguide 123 having a rectangular cross section extending in the horizontal direction. The waveguide 123 is formed of a metamaterial having a resin of wave control elements in which any of the above-mentioned wave control media 10 to 100 are integrated in an array structure or a plurality of wave control elements are distributed. The shapes of the electromagnetic wave waveguide 120 and the waveguide 123 are not limited to those in this embodiment, and may be cylindrical or the like.

[0105] With the above-described configuration, the electromagnetic wave guide 120 can control the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave guided to the waveguide 123. Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave guide 120 can be provided in a computing element.

[0106] (2) Modifications of the electromagnetic wave guide 120 Next, a configuration example of the electromagnetic wave guide 120 will be described with reference to Fig. 17. Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the extending direction showing a configuration example of an electromagnetic wave guide 130 which is a modified example of the electromagnetic wave guide 120. The electromagnetic wave guide 130 differs from the electromagnetic wave guide 120 in that a layer of a material other than a wave control medium is formed in the waveguide. The overall shape of the electromagnetic wave guide 130 is similar to that of the electromagnetic wave guide 120.

[0107] 17, the electromagnetic waveguide 130 has a rectangular shape with a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction extending horizontally. The electromagnetic waveguide 130 has a support 131 at the bottom, and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) or dielectric medium 132 above the support 131. The support 131 is made of a metal, a dielectric material, or a resin.

[0108] The medium 132 is provided at a contact position with the support 131 at the center thereof with a waveguide 133 having a rectangular cross section extending in the horizontal direction. The waveguide 133 is formed of a metamaterial having a resin of wave control elements in which any of the above-mentioned wave control media 10 to 100 are integrated in an array structure or a plurality of wave control elements are distributed. Furthermore, a medium layer 134 of silicon (Si) or resin having the same shape as the waveguide 133 is formed at a contact position with the support 131 at the center of the waveguide 133.

[0109] With the above-described configuration, the electromagnetic wave guide 130 can control the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave guided to the waveguide 133 .

[0110] 10. Fractional Bandwidth Next, the fractional bandwidth of the metamaterial having the wave control medium according to the embodiment of the present technology will be described with reference to Fig. 18. Fig. 18 is a graph illustrating an example of the fractional bandwidth of the metamaterial having the wave control medium according to the embodiment.

[0111] The vertical axis of the graph in Fig. 18 indicates frequency f, and the horizontal axis indicates frequency band B. A curve K in Fig. 18 indicates the relationship between the bandwidth B and frequency f of the metamaterial having the wave control medium according to the above embodiment.

[0112] From the curve K, the fractional bandwidth of the metamaterial is calculated. Here, the bandwidth is the 2 -1 / 2 The fractional bandwidth refers to the distance between frequency bands, and the fractional bandwidth refers to the bandwidth divided by the peak frequency, which is the center frequency.

[0113] In curve K, the peak frequency is fc in band Bc, and 2 of the peak frequency is fc in bands B1 and B2. -1 / 2 Therefore, for curve K, the bandwidth is B2-B1, and the fractional bandwidth is (B2-B1) / fc.

[0114] From the above, it is optimal for the wave control medium according to the above embodiment to have a longitudinal distance of the wave control medium that is less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the wave and a response relative bandwidth of 30% or more. Therefore, according to the above embodiment, it is possible to provide a wave control element that includes the wave control medium according to the above embodiment, has a longitudinal distance of less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the wave and has a response relative bandwidth of 30% or more. Note that this wave control element may be one in which the wave control medium is integrated in an array structure, or may be one in which a plurality of the wave control media are distributed.

[0115] 11.Other applications Next, application applications of the metamaterial having the wave control medium according to the embodiment of the present technology will be described.

[0116] In addition to the uses mentioned above, the metamaterial having the wave control medium according to the above embodiment can be used in wave control devices for transmitting and receiving or receiving and emitting light, small antennas, low-profile antennas, frequency selective filters, artificial magnetic conductors, electro-bandgap components, noise suppression components, isolators, radio wave lenses, radar components, optical lenses, optical films, optical elements for terahertz waves, radio wave and optical camouflage / invisibility components, heat dissipation components, heat shielding components, heat storage components, electromagnetic wave modulation / demodulation, wavelength conversion, etc., nonlinear devices, speakers, and the like.

[0117] In addition, the present technology can have the following configurations. (1) A wave control medium that is formed by combining at least two three-dimensional microstructures made of a material selected from one of metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and superconductors, or a combination of two or more of these, and that functions as both a capacitor and an inductor. (2) The wave control medium according to (1), wherein the three-dimensional microstructure is formed into a helical structure. (3) The wave control medium according to (1) or (2), wherein the three-dimensional microstructure is formed into a multi-layer structure. (4) The wave control medium according to (1), wherein the at least two three-dimensional microstructures are formed into a continuous structure in which they are intertwined facing each other without contacting each other. (5) The wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the three-dimensional microstructure is formed in a conical shape. (6) The wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein at least one of the three-dimensional microstructures is formed in any one of a wire shape, a plate shape, and a sphere shape. (7) A wave control element in which the wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (6) is integrated in an array structure. (8) A wave control element in which a plurality of wave control media according to any one of (1) to (6) are distributed. (9) A wave control element comprising a wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (6), the length in the longitudinal direction being less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the wave, and the relative bandwidth of the response being 30% or more. (10) A wave control device having a metamaterial composed of a wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (6). (11) A wave control device comprising an electromagnetic wave absorbing and / or shielding member having the metamaterial according to (10). (12) A wave control device comprising a sensor having the electromagnetic wave absorbing and / or shielding member according to (11). (13) A wave control device comprising an electromagnetic wave guide having a wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (6). (14) A wave control device comprising a computing element having the electromagnetic waveguide according to (13). (15) A wave control device that transmits and receives or emits and receives using a wave control medium according to any one of (1) to (6). (16) A method for manufacturing a wave control medium in which a microstructure made of a material selected from one of metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and superconductors, or a combination of these, is formed into a three-dimensional structure using a molecular template that utilizes the self-organization of organic matter. [Explanation of symbols]

[0118] 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 Wave control medium 11, 12, 16, 17, 21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42 Coils (3D structure) 13, 18, 23 Matching elements 14, 19, 24 base 51, 61, 71 Wires 81, 91 Plates 101 Sphere 110 Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials 111, 121, 131 Support 112 Wave Control Medium 120, 130 Electromagnetic Waveguide 122, 132 Medium 123, 133 waveguide 134 Medium Layer

Claims

1. The device is formed by combining at least two three-dimensional microstructures made of a material selected from one of a metal, a dielectric, a magnetic material, a semiconductor, and a superconductor, or a combination of a plurality of these materials, and serves as a capacitor and an inductor; The at least two three-dimensional microstructures are formed into a continuous structure in which they are intertwined facing each other without contacting each other, The three-dimensional microstructure includes a wave control medium having a multilayer structure in which two or more of the materials are formed with a gap or a resin between them, A wave control element having a longitudinal distance of less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the wave and a fractional bandwidth of response of 30% or more.

2. The wave control element according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional microstructure is formed into a spiral structure.

3. The wave control element according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional microstructure is formed in a conical shape.

4. 2. The wave control element according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the three-dimensional microstructures is formed in any one of a wire shape, a plate shape, and a sphere shape.

5. A wave control element as described in claim 1, wherein the wave control medium is integrated in an array structure.

6. A wave control element as described in claim 1, wherein the wave control medium is arranged in a distributed manner.

7. A wave control device using the wave control element described in claim 1, having a metamaterial composed of the wave control medium.

8. A wave control device comprising an electromagnetic wave absorbing and / or shielding member having the metamaterial according to claim 7.

9. A wave control device comprising a sensor having the electromagnetic wave absorbing and / or shielding member according to claim 8.

10. A wave control device comprising an electromagnetic wave guide having the wave control medium according to claim 1.

11. A wave control device comprising a computing element having the electromagnetic wave guide according to claim 10.

12. A wave control device that transmits and receives or emits and receives light using the wave control medium according to claim 1.

13. A microstructure made of a material selected from one of metals, dielectrics, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and superconductors, or a combination of a plurality of these materials, is formed into a three-dimensional structure by a molecular template utilizing the self-organization of an organic material, and a multilayer structure is formed in which two or more of the above materials are separated by voids or resins; At least two of the three-dimensional structures are combined to form a continuous structure in which the three-dimensional structures are intertwined facing each other without contacting each other; A method for manufacturing a wave control element, in which the longitudinal distance is less than 1 / 10 of the wavelength of the wave and the relative bandwidth of the response is 30% or more.

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