Mist inhaler

Abstract

To solve the problems of a liquid leakage of an electronic vaporizing inhaler, the problems including a first disadvantage in which liquid can leak into the electronic component, which can cause serious damage to the device, and a second disadvantage in which the liquid can leak into the electronic vaporizing inhaler's mouthpiece and a user may inhale unvaporized liquid.SOLUTION: A mist inhaler device (200) for generating mist for inhalation by a user comprises a mist generator device (201) and a driver device (202). The driver device (202) is configured to drive the mist generator device (201) at an optimum frequency to maximize the efficiency of mist generation by the mist generator device (201).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 13

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a mist inhaler. More particularly, the present invention relates to an ultrasonic mist inhaler for atomizing a liquid containing a therapeutic agent for inhalation by a user.

Background Art

[0002] Mist inhalers are used to generate a mist or vapor for a user to inhale. The mist can contain a drug or pharmaceutical that the user inhales and is absorbed into the user's bloodstream.

[0003] In particular, mist inhalation devices or electronic vaporizers have gained popularity among smokers who want to avoid the tar and other harsh chemicals associated with conventional tobacco and satisfy their craving for nicotine. Electronic vaporizers may typically contain liquid nicotine, which is a mixture of nicotine oil, solvents, water, and often flavorings. When a user sucks on an electronic vaporizer, the liquid nicotine is drawn into the vaporizer where it is heated and turned into vapor. When an electronic vaporizer is inhaled, the vapor containing nicotine is inhaled. Such electronic vaporizers may have a medical purpose.

[0004] Electronic vaporizers and other vaporizers typically have a similar design. Most electronic vaporizers have an inner membrane, typically cotton, such as a capillary element that holds the liquid nicotine so that it does not leak from the reservoir. Nevertheless, these tobaccos are still prone to leakage because there is no obstacle to prevent the liquid from flowing out of the membrane into the mouthpiece. Liquid leakage in electronic vaporizers is problematic for several reasons. As a first drawback, the liquid can leak into the electronic components, potentially causing significant damage to the device. As a second drawback, the liquid can leak into the mouthpiece of the electronic vaporizer, and the user may inhale the unvaporized liquid.

[0005] Electronic vaporizers are also known for providing inconsistent dosages during inhalation. The aforementioned leakage is one of the reasons for the inconsistent dosage because the membrane may become supersaturated or undersaturated near the vaporizer. When the membrane is supersaturated, the user may experience a stronger vapor than the desired dosage, and when the membrane is undersaturated, the user may experience a weaker vapor than the desired dosage. Just by slightly changing the strength of the user's inhalation, it may become stronger or weaker. Inconsistent dosing, along with leakage, can potentially lead to faster consumption of the vaping liquid.

[0006] Furthermore, conventional electronic vaporizers tend to rely on heating metal heating components configured to heat the liquid in the e-cigarette to a high temperature to vaporize the liquid that can be inhaled. As a problem with conventional electronic vaporizers, the metal can catch fire, and then there is a possibility of inhaling the metal along with the burned liquid. Also, some people do not like the burnt smell from the heated liquid.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need in the art for an improved mist inhaler that attempts to address at least some of the problems described herein. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] According to one aspect, there is provided a mist inhaler for generating a mist for inhalation by a user, the device comprising: A mist generating device, including: A mist generating housing that is elongated and has an air inlet port and a mist outlet port A liquid chamber provided within the mist generating housing for containing the liquid to be atomized An ultrasonic treatment chamber provided within the mist generating housing A capillary element extending between the liquid chamber and the ultrasonic chamber, such that a first portion of the capillary element is within the liquid chamber and a second portion of the capillary element is within the ultrasonic chamber An ultrasonic transducer having a generally planar atomization surface provided within an ultrasonic treatment chamber, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is mounted within a mist generation housing such that the plane of the atomization surface is substantially parallel to the longitudinal length of the mist generation housing. A portion of a second part of a capillary element overlaps a portion of the atomization surface, and the ultrasonic transducer is configured to vibrate the atomization surface to atomize a liquid carried by the second part of the capillary element to generate a mist of atomized liquid and air within the ultrasonic treatment chamber. The ultrasonic treatment apparatus according to claim 1 An airflow arrangement providing an air flow path between an air inlet port, an ultrasonic treatment chamber and the mist outlet port, wherein a user draws air through the inlet port from the mist outlet port, passes through the ultrasonic treatment chamber and exits through the mist outlet port, and the mist generated within the ultrasonic treatment chamber is carried by air through the mist outlet port for inhalation by the user. The mist inhalation device further includes the following: A driver device incorporating the following: A battery An AC driver that converts the voltage from the battery into an AC drive signal of a predetermined frequency to drive the ultrasonic transducer.

[0009] An effective power monitoring device for monitoring the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer when the ultrasonic transducer is driven by an AC drive signal, the effective power monitoring device providing a monitoring signal indicating the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer A processor for controlling the AC drive and receiving a monitoring signal from the effective power monitoring device A memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the following: A. Control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at a predetermined sweep frequency B. Calculate the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer based on the monitoring signal C. Control the AC driver to modulate the AC drive signal to maximize the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer D. Save in memory the record of the maximum effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer and the sweep frequency of the AC drive signal E. After a predetermined number of repetitions, while increasing the sweep frequency in each repetition such that the sweep frequency increases from the sweep start frequency to the sweep end frequency, repeat steps A - D a predetermined number of times F. Identify from the records stored in the memory the optimum frequency of the AC drive signal, which is the sweep frequency at which the maximum effective power is used by the ultrasonic transducer G. Control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at the optimum frequency and drive the ultrasonic transducer to atomize the liquid

[0010] In some examples, the driver device is releasably attached to the mist generating device such that the driver device is separable from the mist generating device

[0011] According to another aspect, there is provided a mist generating device incorporating the following: A mist generating housing that is elongated and has an air inlet port and a mist outlet port A liquid chamber provided within the mist generating housing for containing the liquid to be atomized An ultrasonic treatment chamber provided within the mist generating housing A capillary element extending between the liquid chamber and the ultrasonic chamber, such that a first portion of the capillary element is within the liquid chamber and a second portion of the capillary element is within the ultrasonic chamber An ultrasonic transducer having a generally planar atomization surface provided within an ultrasonic treatment chamber, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is mounted within a mist generation housing such that the plane of the atomization surface is substantially parallel to the longitudinal length of the mist generation housing. A portion of the second part of the capillary element overlaps a portion of the atomization surface, and the ultrasonic transducer is configured to vibrate the atomization surface to atomize the liquid carried by the second part of the capillary element to generate a mist composed of the atomized liquid and air within the ultrasonic treatment chamber. The ultrasonic treatment apparatus according to claim 1 An air flow arrangement that provides an air flow path between an air inlet port, an ultrasonic treatment chamber, and an air outlet port such that a user who aspirates at a mist outlet port passes through the ultrasonic treatment chamber through the inlet port and exits outside through the mist outlet port, and a mist inhaler in which the mist generated in the ultrasonic treatment chamber is carried outside through the mist outlet port by air for inhalation by the user In some examples, the mist generating device is a transducer holder held within a mist generation housing, the transducer element holding an ultrasonic transducer and holding a second part of a capillary element overlapped on a part of the atomization surface, and further comprising a partition that provides a barrier between a liquid chamber and an ultrasonic irradiation chamber, the partition constituting a capillary opening through which a part of the first part of the capillary element extends

[0012] In some examples, the transducer holder is liquid silicone rubber

[0013] In some examples, the liquid silicone rubber has a Shore A 60 hardness

[0014] In some examples, the capillary opening is an elongated slot having a width of 0.2 mm - 0.4 mm

[0015] In some examples, the capillary element is generally planar and has a first part having a generally rectangular shape and a second part having a partially circular shape

[0016] In some examples, the capillary element has a thickness of substantially 0.28 mm.

[0017] In some examples, the capillary element is composed of a first portion and a second portion that are overlapped with each other such that the capillary element has two layers.

[0018] In some examples, the capillary element is at least 75% bamboo fiber.

[0019] In some examples, the capillary element is 100% bamboo fiber.

[0020] In some examples, the air flow arrangement is configured to change the direction of the air flow along the air flow path such that when the air flow passes through the ultrasonic treatment chamber, the air flow is substantially perpendicular to the atomization surface of the ultrasonic transducer.

[0021] In some examples, the change in the direction of the air flow is substantially 90°.

[0022] In some examples, the air flow arrangement provides an air flow path having an average cross-sectional area of substantially 11.5 mm 2 .

[0023] In some examples, the mist generating device is provided with the following: at least one absorbent element provided adjacent to the mist outlet port and absorbing liquid at the mist outlet port. In some examples, each absorbent element is bamboo fiber.

[0024] In some examples, the mist generating housing is at least partially a heterophasic copolymer.

[0025] In some examples, the heterophasic copolymer is polypropylene.

[0026] In some examples, the ultrasonic transducer is circular and has a diameter of substantially 16 mm.

[0027] In some examples, the liquid chamber contains a liquid having a kinematic viscosity between 1.05 Pascal seconds and 1.412 Pascal seconds and a liquid density between 1.1 g / ml and 1.3 g / ml.

[0028] In some examples, the liquid chamber contains nicotine rebinate salt in a 1:1 molar ratio.

[0029] In some examples, the mist generating device further comprises an identification device provided in the mist generating housing, the identification device comprising an integrated circuit having a memory storing a unique identifier of the mist generating device and an electrical connection providing an electronic interface for communicating with the integrated circuit.

[0030] In some examples, the memory of the integrated circuit stores a record of the state of the mist generating device indicating at least one of the historical use of the mist generating device or the volume of liquid in the liquid chamber.

[0031] According to one aspect, there is provided a driver device for a mist inhaler, the device comprising: A battery An AC driver that converts the voltage from the battery into an AC drive signal of a predetermined frequency to drive the ultrasonic transducer An effective power monitoring device for monitoring the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer when the ultrasonic transducer is driven by the AC drive signal, the effective power monitoring device providing a monitoring signal indicating the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer A processor for controlling the AC drive and receiving the monitoring signal from the effective power monitoring device A memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: A. Control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at a predetermined sweep frequency B. Calculate the effective power being used by the ultrasonic transducer based on the monitoring signal C. Control the AC driver to modulate the AC drive signal to maximize the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer D. Save in the memory the record of the maximum effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer and the sweep frequency of the AC drive signal E. After a predetermined number of repetitions, while increasing the sweep frequency in each repetition so that the sweep frequency increases from the sweep start frequency to the sweep end frequency, repeat steps A - D a predetermined number of times F. Identify from the records stored in the memory the optimal frequency of the AC drive signal, which is the sweep frequency at which the maximum effective power is used by the ultrasonic transducer G. Control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at the optimal frequency and drive the ultrasonic transducer to atomize the liquid

[0032] In some examples, the effective power monitoring device includes a current sensing device for sensing the drive current of the AC drive signal that drives the ultrasonic transducer, and the effective power monitoring device provides a monitoring signal indicating the sensed drive current

[0033] In some examples, the current sensing device includes an analog - to - digital converter that converts the sensed drive current into a digital signal for processing by a processor

[0034] In some examples, the memory stores, when executed by the processor, instructions to cause the processor to repeat steps A - D in which the sweep frequency increases from a sweep start frequency of 2900 kHz to a sweep end frequency of 2960 kHz

[0035] In some examples, the memory stores, when executed by the processor, instructions to cause the processor to repeat steps A - D in which the sweep frequency increases from a sweep start frequency of 2900 kHz to a sweep end frequency of 3100 kHz

[0036] In some examples, when executed by the processor, the memory stores instructions that cause the processor to control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at a frequency shifted from the optimal frequency by a predetermined shift amount in step G.

[0037] In some examples, the predetermined shift amount is between 1 - 10% of the optimal frequency.

[0038] In some examples, the battery is a 3.7V DC Li-Po battery.

[0039] In some examples, the driver device further includes a pressure sensor for sensing the flow of air along a driver device flow path extending through the driver device.

[0040] In some examples, the driver device further includes a wireless communication system that communicates with the processor, and the wireless communication system is configured to transmit and receive data between the driver device and a computing device.

[0041] In some examples, the driver device further includes a driver device housing at least partially made of metal, the driver device housing accommodating the battery, the processor, the memory, the active power monitoring device, and the AC drive, and the driver device housing includes a recess for receiving and holding a part of the mist generating device.

[0042] In some examples, the AC drive modulates the AC drive signal by pulse width modulation to maximize the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer. It should be noted that the expression "mist" used in the following disclosure means that the liquid is not heated as is normally done in conventional inhalers known from the prior art. In fact, conventional inhalers use heating elements to heat the liquid above its boiling temperature to generate vapor, which is different from mist.

[0043] ​

[0044] Actually, when a liquid is ultrasonically treated at a high intensity, the sound waves propagating in the liquid medium alternately produce high-pressure (compression) and low-pressure (rarefaction) cycles at different speeds depending on the frequency. In the low-pressure cycle, the high-intensity ultrasonic waves create small vacuum bubbles or voids in the liquid. When these bubbles reach a volume where they cannot absorb energy, they violently collapse during the high-pressure cycle. This phenomenon is called cavitation. At this time, a locally extremely high pressure is generated. In cavitation, broken capillary waves are generated, and tiny droplets that break the surface tension of the liquid become atomized and are quickly released into the air.

[0045] Hereinafter, the cavitation phenomenon will be described more specifically.

[0046] When a liquid is atomized by ultrasonic vibration, fine water bubbles are generated in the liquid.

[0047] The generation of these bubbles is a process of cavity formation caused by the negative pressure of strong ultrasonic waves generated by means of ultrasonic vibration.

[0048] During the positive-pressure cycle, the size of the cavity becomes relatively small and negligible, leading to high-intensity ultrasonic waves for the rapid growth of the cavity.

[0049] Like other sound waves, ultrasonic waves are composed of cycles of compression and expansion. When in contact with a liquid, the compression cycle applies a positive pressure to the liquid, pressing the molecules together. In the expansion cycle, a negative pressure is applied, and the molecules are pulled apart from each other.

[0050] Strong ultrasonic waves create regions of positive and negative pressure. Cavities may form and grow during the negative-pressure phase. When the cavity reaches a critical size, the cavity collapses.

[0051] The required magnitude of the negative pressure varies depending on the type and purity of the liquid. In the case of a liquid with high purity, since the tensile strength is very high, a commercially available ultrasonic generator cannot generate a negative pressure sufficient to form cavities. For example, in pure water, a negative pressure of over 1,000 atmospheres is required, but even the most powerful ultrasonic generator can generate a negative pressure of only about 50 atmospheres. The tensile strength of a liquid is reduced by the gas trapped in the gaps between the liquid particles. This effect is similar to the reduction in strength due to cracks occurring in solid materials. Applying a negative pressure cycle by sound waves to the gaps filled with gas causes the gas in the gaps to expand due to the pressure reduction, and small bubbles are released into the solution.

[0052] However, the bubbles irradiated with ultrasonic waves continue to absorb energy by alternately repeating the cycles of compression and expansion of the sound waves. As a result, the bubbles repeatedly grow and shrink, maintaining a dynamic balance between the voids inside the bubbles and the external liquid. Also, the size of the bubbles may change due to ultrasonic waves. In addition, the average size of the bubbles may increase.

[0053] The growth of cavities depends on the intensity of the sound. High-intensity ultrasonic waves can rapidly expand the cavities during the negative pressure cycle and prevent the cavities from having a chance to contract during the positive pressure cycle. In this way, the cavities can grow rapidly in one cycle of the sound wave.

[0054] In the case of low-intensity ultrasonic waves, the size of the cavities vibrates in phase with the cycles of expansion and compression. The surface of the cavities generated by low-intensity ultrasonic waves is slightly larger in the expansion cycle than in the compression cycle. Since the amount of gas entering and leaving the cavities depends on the surface area, the diffusion into the cavities is slightly larger in the expansion cycle than in the compression cycle. That is, for each cycle of the sound, the cavities grow slightly more in expansion than in contraction. Over repeated cycles, the cavities gradually grow larger.

[0055] It has been found that the grown cavities eventually reach a critical size that most efficiently absorbs ultrasonic energy. This critical size depends on the frequency of the ultrasonic wave. When the cavities grow very rapidly due to high-intensity ultrasonic waves, they can no longer efficiently absorb energy from the ultrasonic waves. Without this energy input, the cavities can no longer maintain themselves. The liquid rushes in, and the cavities collapse due to the non-linear response.

[0056] Due to the energy released by the implosion, the liquid is decomposed into fine particles and scattered into the air as mist.

[0057] The equation describing the above non-linear response phenomenon can be described by the "Rayleigh - Plesset" equation. This equation can be derived from the "Navier - Stokes" equation used in fluid mechanics.

[0058] The approach of the present inventors was to rewrite the "Rayleigh - Plesset" equation, which has the same form as that used in a more classical form where the physics describing dissipation uses the radius as a dynamic parameter, but with the bubble volume V as the dynamic parameter.

[0059] This equation is derived as follows:

[0060]

Equation

[0061] In an ultrasonic nebulizing inhaler, the liquid has a kinematic viscosity between 1.05 Pascal seconds and 1.412 Pascal seconds.

[0062] By solving the above equation with viscosity, density, and the desired target bubble volume of the liquid spray into the air as appropriate parameters, it has been found that a frequency range of 2.8 MHz to 3.2 MHz creates a bubble volume of approximately 0.25 microns to 0.5 microns in the liquid viscosity range of 1.05 Pascal seconds to 1.412 Pascal seconds.

[0063] The process of ultrasonic cavitation has a significant impact on the nicotine concentration in the generated mist.

[0064] Since no heating element is used, there is no charring of the heating element, and the influence of second-hand smoke can be reduced.

[0065] In some examples, the liquid contains 57 - 70% (w / w) vegetable glycerin and 30 - 43% (w / w) propylene glycol, and the propylene glycol contains nicotine and optionally flavorings.

[0066] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the capillary element may extend between the ultrasonic treatment chamber and the liquid chamber.

[0067] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the capillary element is a material at least partially made of bamboo fiber.

[0068] The capillary element can achieve not only a high absorption capacity, a high absorption rate, but also a high liquid retention rate.

[0069] It has been found that the inherent properties of the proposed material used for the capillary have a significant impact on the efficient functioning of the ultrasonic mist inhaler.

[0070] Furthermore, as an inherent property of this material, it has good hygroscopicity while maintaining good moisture permeability. This enables the efficiently penetrated liquid into the capillary by suction, and can hold a large amount of liquid due to its high water absorption, allowing the ultrasonic mist inhaler to be used longer compared to other commercially available products.

[0071] Another major advantage of using bamboo fiber is that it has antibacterial, antifungal, and odor-proof properties due to the naturally occurring antibacterial biological agent "kun" originally present in bamboo fiber, making it suitable for medical use.

[0072] The inherent properties of this bamboo fiber have been verified by numerical analysis regarding the advantages of bamboo fiber in ultrasonic treatment.

[0073] The following formula has been tested with bamboo fiber materials for use as capillary elements and other materials such as cotton, paper, or other fiber strands, demonstrating that bamboo fiber has far superior properties for use in ultrasonic treatment:

[0074]

Number

[0075]

Number

[0076] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the capillary element can be made of a material that is at least partially bamboo fiber.

[0077] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the material of the capillary element can be 100% bamboo fiber.

[0078] Extensive tests have concluded that 100% pure bamboo fiber is the most optimal choice for ultrasonic treatment.

[0079] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the material of the capillary element can be at least 75% bamboo fiber and optionally 25% cotton.

[0080] Capillary elements made of 100% pure bamboo fiber or a high proportion of bamboo fiber not only exhibit high absorption capacity but also have improved fluid permeability, making them an optimal choice for the application of ultrasonic mist inhalers.

[0081] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the capillary element may have a flat shape.

[0082] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the capillary element may be composed of a central portion and a peripheral portion.

[0083] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the peripheral portion may have an L-shaped cross-section extending toward the liquid chamber.

[0084] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler, the central portion may have a U-shaped cross-section extending to the ultrasonic irradiation chamber.

[0085] In an ultrasonic mist inhaler according to an example, the liquid received in the liquid chamber contains 57 - 70% (w / w) vegetable glycerin and 30 - 43% (w / w) propylene glycol, and the propylene glycol contains nicotine and a fragrance. The ultrasonic mist inhaler is characterized by this.

[0086] An ultrasonic mist inhaler or a personal ultrasonic misting device includes the following: A liquid reservoir structure including a liquid chamber or a cartridge adapted to receive the atomized liquid An ultrasonic irradiation chamber in fluid communication with the liquid chamber or the cartridge The liquid received in the liquid chamber contains 57 - 70% (w / w) vegetable glycerin and 30 - 43% (w / w) propylene glycol, and the propylene glycol contains nicotine and a fragrance.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0087] To more easily understand the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings:

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0088] Detailed Description Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Note that various features are not drawn to scale in accordance with standard industry practice. In fact, the dimensions of various features can be arbitrarily increased or decreased for clarity of discussion.

[0089] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components, concentrations, uses, and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the attachment of the first feature and the second feature in the following description may include embodiments in which the first feature and the second feature are attached in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be disposed between the first feature and the second feature so that the first feature and the second feature may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and / or letters in various examples. This repetition is for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0090] The following disclosure describes representative examples. Each example may be considered an embodiment, and in the present disclosure, references to "examples" may be changed to "embodiments".

[0091] Some portions of the present disclosure are directed to electronic vaporizers. However, other examples are envisioned, such as inhalers for therapeutic agents, drugs, and herbal supplements. Additionally, the device can be packaged to appear more like an object than a cigarette. For example, devices modeled after other smoking implements such as pipes, water pipes, bongs, or devices modeled after other objects not related to smoking are contemplated.

[0092] The ultrasonic mist inhaler can be either disposable or reusable. As used herein, the term "reusable" means that the energy storage device is rechargeable or replaceable, or that the liquid can be replenished either by refilling or by replacing the liquid reservoir structure. Alternatively, in some examples, a reusable electronic device is both rechargeable and capable of replenishing the liquid.

[0093] Conventional electronic vaporizers tend to rely on inducing high temperatures in metal components configured to heat the liquid within the vaporizer, and thus vaporize the liquid that can be inhaled. The liquid typically contains nicotine and flavorings blended in a solution of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), which are vaporized via the heated component at high temperatures. A problem with conventional inhalers is that the metal can catch fire, and subsequently, there is a possibility of inhaling the burned metal along with the burned liquid. Also, some people do not prefer the burnt smell or taste from the heated liquid.

[0094] Figures 1 - 4 are diagrams showing an example of an ultrasonic inhaler that constitutes an ultrasonic treatment chamber.

[0095] Figure 1 depicts a disposable ultrasonic mist inhaler 100. As can be seen from Figure 1, the ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 has a cylindrical body that is relatively long compared to its diameter. In terms of shape and appearance, the ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 is designed to mimic the appearance of a typical cigarette. For example, the inhaler can include a first portion 101 that mainly simulates the cigarette rod portion of a cigarette and a second portion 102 that mainly simulates a filter. In the disposable example, the first portion and the second portion are regions of a single but separable device. The designations of the first portion 101 and the second portion 102 are used for the convenience of distinguishing the components mainly included in each portion.

[0096] As can be seen from Figure 1, the ultrasonic mist inhaler is composed of a mouthpiece 1, a liquid reservoir structure 2, and a casing 3. The first portion 101 constitutes the casing 3, and the second portion 102 constitutes the mouthpiece 1 and the reservoir structure 2.

[0097] The first portion 101 contains power energy.

[0098] The power storage device 30 supplies power to the ultrasonic mist inhaler 100. The power storage device 30 can be a battery such as a lithium-ion battery, an alkaline battery, a zinc-carbon battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a supercapacitor, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. In the disposable example, the electrical storage device 30 is not rechargeable, but in the reusable example, the electrical storage device 30 will be selected to be rechargeable. In the disposable example, the electrical storage device 30 is mainly selected to supply a constant voltage over the life of the inhaler 100. Otherwise, the performance of the inhaler will deteriorate over time. Preferred electrical storage devices that can provide a constant voltage output over the life of the device include lithium-ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries.

[0099] The electrical storage device 30 generally has a first end 30a corresponding to the positive terminal and a second end 30b corresponding to the negative terminal. The negative electrode terminal extends to the first end 30a.

[0100] Since the power storage device 30 is located in the first part 101 and the liquid reservoir structure 2 is located in the second part 102, the joint needs to provide electrical communication between these components. In the present invention, electrical communication is established using at least electrodes or probes that are compressed together when the first part 101 is clamped to the second part 102.

[0101] In this example, the power storage device 30 is rechargeable for reuse. The casing 3 is provided with a charging port 32.

[0102] The integrated circuit 4 has a proximal end 4a and a distal end 4b. The positive terminal of the first end 30a of the electrical storage device 30 is in electrical communication with the positive lead of the flexible integrated circuit 4. The negative terminal of the second end 30b of the electrical storage device 30 is in electrical communication with the negative lead of the integrated circuit 4. The distal end 4b of the integrated circuit 4 is configured to include a microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to process data from the sensor, control the light, instruct the flow of current for the ultrasonic vibration 5 in the second part 102, and terminate the flow of current after a pre-programmed time.

[0103] The sensor detects when the ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 is in use (when the user inhales the inhaler) and activates the microprocessor. The sensor can be selected to detect changes in pressure, air flow, or vibration. In one example, the sensor is a pressure sensor. In a digital device, the sensor makes continuous readings, and as a result, the digital sensor needs to draw current continuously, but the amount is small and the overall battery life will be affected negligibly.

[0104] In some examples, the integrated circuit 4 may form an H-bridge that may be formed by four MOSFETs to convert DC to AC at a high frequency.

[0105] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, an illustration of a liquid reservoir structure 2 according to an example is shown. The liquid reservoir structure 2 includes a liquid chamber 21 adapted to receive the liquid to be atomized and an ultrasonic treatment chamber 22 in fluid communication with the liquid chamber 21.

[0106] In the example shown, the liquid reservoir structure 2 includes an inhalation channel 20 that provides an air passage from the ultrasonic treatment chamber 22 towards the surroundings.

[0107] As an example of the sensor position, a sensor may be disposed in the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 22.

[0108] The inhalation channel 20 has a cone portion 20a and an inner container 20b.

[0109] As depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B, further, the inhalation channel 20 has an air flow member 27 for supplying an air flow from the surroundings to the ultrasonic treatment chamber 22.

[0110] The air flow member 27 has an integrally formed air flow bridge 27a and an air flow duct 27b. The air flow bridge 27a has two air passage openings 27a' that form part of the inhalation channel 20. The air flow duct 27b extends from the air flow bridge 27a into the ultrasonic treatment chamber 22 to provide an air flow from the surroundings to the ultrasonic treatment chamber.

[0111] The air flow bridge 27a cooperates with the cone element 20a at a second diameter 20a2.

[0112] The air flow bridge 27a has two opposing peripheral openings 27a'' for supplying the air flow to the air flow duct 27b.

[0113] The cooperation between the airflow bridge 27a and the frustoconical element 20a is such that two opposing peripheral openings 27a'' cooperate with the complementary opening 20a'' of the frustoconical element 20a and are arranged accordingly.

[0114] The base 1 and the conical part 20a are arranged at a radial distance from each other, and an airflow chamber 28 is arranged therebetween.

[0115] As depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, the mouthpiece 1 has two opposing peripheral openings 1''.

[0116] The peripheral openings 27a'', 20a'', 1'' of the airflow bridge 27a, the frustoconical element 20a and the mouthpiece 1 directly supply the maximum airflow to the ultrasonic treatment chamber 22.

[0117] The conical element 20a includes an internal passage aligned in the same direction as the suction channel 20, and has an internal passage such that a first diameter 20a1 is smaller than a second diameter 20a2 thereof, and the internal passage decreases in diameter across the conical element 20a.

[0118] The conical element 20a is arranged in alignment with the means 5 for ultrasonic vibration and the capillary element 7, the first diameter 20a1 communicates with the internal duct 11 of the mouthpiece 1, and the second diameter 20a2 communicates with the internal container 20b.

[0119] The internal container 20b has an inner wall partitioning the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 22 and the liquid chamber 21.

[0120] The liquid reservoir structure 2 has an outer container 20c partitioning the outer wall of the liquid chamber 21.

[0121] The inner container 20b and the outer container 20c are the inner wall and the outer wall of the liquid chamber 21, respectively.

[0122] The liquid reservoir structure 2 is arranged between the base 1 and the casing 3 and is detachable from the base 1 and the casing 3.

[0123] The liquid reservoir structure 2 and the mouthpiece 1 or the casing 3 may include complementary arrangements for engaging with each other; furthermore, such complementary arrangements may include any of a bayonet-type arrangement; a screw engagement-type arrangement; a magnetic arrangement; or a friction fit arrangement, the liquid reservoir structure 2 includes a part of the arrangement, and the mouthpiece 1 or the casing 3 includes the complementary part of the arrangement.

[0124] In the reusable example, the components are substantially the same. The difference between the reusable example and the disposable example is the accommodation made to replace the liquid reservoir structure 2.

[0125] As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid chamber 21 has an upper wall 23 and a bottom wall 25 that close the inner container 20b and the outer container 20c of the liquid chamber 21.

[0126] The capillary element 7 is disposed between a first portion 20b1 and a second portion 20b2 of the inner container 20b.

[0127] The capillary element 7 has a flat shape extending from the ultrasonic irradiation chamber to the liquid chamber.

[0128] As depicted in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, the capillary element 7 is composed of a U-shaped central portion 7a and an L-shaped peripheral portion 7b.

[0129] The L-shaped portion 7b extends along the bottom wall 25 within the liquid chamber 21 on the inner container 20b.

[0130] The U-shaped portion 7a is accommodated within the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 21. The U-shaped portion 7a is provided along the bottom wall 25 on the inner container 20b.

[0131] In the ultrasonic mist inhaler, the U-shaped part 7a has an inner part 7a1 and an outer part 7a2. The inner part 7a1 is in surface contact with the atomization surface 50 of the ultrasonic vibration means 5, and the outer part 7a2 is not in surface contact with the ultrasonic vibration means 5.

[0132] The bottom wall 25 of the liquid chamber 21 is the bottom plate 25 that closes the liquid chamber 21 and the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 22. Since the bottom plate 25 is sealed, leakage of liquid from the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 22 to the casing 3 is prevented.

[0133] The bottom plate 25 has an upper surface 25a with a recess 25b into which the elastic member 8 is inserted. The ultrasonic vibration means 5 is supported by the elastic member 8. The elastic member 8 is formed of an annular plate-shaped rubber having an inner hole 8' in which a groove for maintaining the ultrasonic vibration means 5 is designed.

[0134] The upper wall 23 of the liquid chamber 21 is a cap 23 that closes the liquid chamber 23.

[0135] The top wall 23 has an upper surface 23 that represents the maximum level of the liquid that the liquid chamber 21 can hold, and a lower surface 25 that represents the minimum level of the liquid in the liquid chamber 21.

[0136] Since the top wall 23 is sealed, leakage of liquid from the liquid chamber 21 to the base 1 is prevented.

[0137] The top wall 23 and the bottom wall 25 are fixed to the liquid storage structure 2 by fixing means such as screws, adhesives, and friction.

[0138] As depicted in Figure 3, the elastic member is in line contact with the ultrasonic vibration means 5, and by preventing contact between the ultrasonic vibration means 5 and the wall of the inhaler, vibration suppression of the liquid reservoir structure is more effectively prevented. Therefore, fine particles of the liquid atomized by the atomizing member can be sprayed further.

[0139] As depicted in FIG. 3, the inner container 20b has an opening 20b' between the first part 20b1 and the second part 20b2, through which the capillary element 7 extends from the ultrasonic treatment chamber 21. The capillary element 7 absorbs liquid from the liquid chamber 21 through the opening 20b'. The capillary element 7 is a wick. The capillary element 7 transports the liquid to the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 22 by capillary action. In some examples, the capillary element 7 is made of bamboo fiber. In some examples, the capillary element 7 has a thickness between 0.27 mm and 0.32 mm and a density between 38 g / m 2 and 48 g / m 2 and may have a density in between.

[0140] As can be seen from FIG. 3, the means 5 for ultrasonic vibration is disposed directly below the capillary element 7.

[0141] The means 5 for ultrasonic vibration may be a transducer. For example, the means 5 for ultrasonic vibration may be a piezoelectric transducer and may be designed in a circular plate shape. The material of the piezoelectric transducer may be ceramic.

[0142] Also, various transducer materials can be used for the ultrasonic vibration means 5.

[0143] The end of the air duct 27b1 faces the ultrasonic vibration means 5. The means 5 for ultrasonic vibration is in electrical communication with the electrical contactors 101a, 101b. It should be noted that the distal end 4b of the integrated circuit 4 has an inner electrode and an outer electrode. The inner electrode contacts the first electrical contact 101a, which is a spring contact probe, and the outer electrode contacts the second electrical contact 101b, which is a side pin. Through the integrated circuit 4, the first electrical contact 101a is in electrical communication with the positive terminal of the power storage device 30 by a microprocessor, and the second electrical contact 101b is in electrical communication with the negative terminal of the power storage device 30.

[0144] The electrical contacts 101a, 101b cross the bottom plate 25. The bottom plate 25 is adapted to be received inside the peripheral wall 26 of the liquid storage structure 2. The bottom plate 25 is placed on complementary ridges, thereby forming the liquid chamber 21 and the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 22.

[0145] The inner container 20b consists of a circular inner slot 20d to which a mechanical spring is applied.

[0146] By pressing the central portion 7a1 against the ultrasonic vibration means 5, the mechanical spring 9 secures the contact surface between them.

[0147] The liquid reservoir structure 2 and the bottom plate 25 can be made using various thermoplastic materials.

[0148] When the user sucks on the ultrasonic mist inhaler 100, an air flow is drawn in from the peripheral opening 1'' and passes through the air flow chamber 28, through the peripheral opening 27a'' of the air flow bridge 27a and the frustoconical element 20a, and flows down into the ultrasonic treatment chamber 22 via the air flow duct 27b and directly impinges on the capillary element 7. At the same time, the liquid is drawn from the reservoir chamber 21 through a plurality of openings 20b' by capillary action and is sucked into the capillary element 7. The capillary element 7 brings the liquid into contact with the ultrasonic vibration means 5 of the inhaler 100. Also, by the user's suction, the pressure sensor activates the integrated circuit 4, and the integrated circuit 4 conducts an electric current to the ultrasonic vibration means 5. Thus, when the user draws on the mouthpiece 1 of the inhaler 100, two operations occur simultaneously. First, the sensor activates the integrated circuit 4, which triggers the ultrasonic vibration means 5 to start vibrating. Second, the trigger reduces the pressure outside the reservoir chamber 21 so that the flow of liquid through the opening 20b' begins, saturating the capillary element 7. The capillary element 7 conveys the liquid to the ultrasonic vibration means 5, and the ultrasonic vibration means 5 forms air bubbles in the capillary tube, atomizing the liquid. Then, the user sucks in the atomized liquid.

[0149] In some examples, the integrated circuit 4 includes a frequency controller configured to control the frequency at which the ultrasonic vibration means 5 operates. The frequency controller includes a processor and a memory, and the memory stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform at least one function of the frequency controller.

[0150] As described above, in some examples, the ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 drives the ultrasonic vibration means 5 with a signal having a frequency of 2.8 MHz - 3.2 MHz to vaporize a liquid having a liquid viscosity of 1.05 Pascal seconds - 1.412 Pascal seconds in order to generate a bubble volume of about 0.25 - 0.5 microns. However, for liquids having different viscosities or for other applications, it is possible that the ultrasonic vibration means 5 is driven at a different frequency.

[0151] For different applications of the mist generating device, there is an optimal frequency or frequency range for driving the ultrasonic vibration means 5 to optimize the generation of mist. In the example where the ultrasonic vibration means 5 is a piezoelectric transducer, the optimal frequency or frequency range will depend on at least the following four parameters.

[0152] 1. The manufacturing process of the transducer In some examples, the ultrasonic vibration means 5 is made of a piezoelectric ceramic. The piezoelectric ceramic is manufactured by mixing compounds to make a ceramic blank, but this mixing process may not be consistent throughout the manufacturing process. Due to this non-uniformity, variations may occur in the resonance frequency of the hardened piezoelectric ceramic.

[0153] If the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic does not correspond to the required operating frequency of the device, no mist will be generated during the operation of the device. In the case of a nicotine mist inhaler, even a slight deviation in the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic will affect the generation of mist, meaning that the device cannot provide the user with an appropriate nicotine level.

[0154] 2. The load on the transducer During operation, if the load on the piezoelectric transducer changes, the displacement of the vibration of the entire piezoelectric transducer is suppressed. To optimally displace the vibration of the piezoelectric transducer, it is necessary to adjust the driving frequency so that the circuit can supply sufficient power for the maximum displacement.

[0155] Examples of the types of loads that affect the efficiency of the oscillator include the amount of liquid on the transducer (humidity of the wicking material), the spring force applied to the wicking material to maintain permanent contact with the transducer, etc. Also, electrical connection means may be included in some cases.

[0156] 3. Temperature The ultrasonic vibration of the piezoelectric transducer is partially attenuated when incorporated into the device. This can be achieved by placing the transducer in a silicon / rubber ring and applying pressure to the wicking material above the transducer with a spring. Due to this attenuation of the vibration, the local temperature above and around the transducer rises.

[0157] The increase in temperature affects the vibration due to the change in the molecular behavior of the transducer. The increase in temperature gives more energy to the ceramic molecules and temporarily affects its crystal structure. When the temperature drops, this effect is reversed, but modulation of the supplied frequency is required to maintain optimal oscillation. This frequency modulation could not be achieved with conventional fixed-frequency devices.

[0158] Also, since the viscosity of the solution (e-liquid) vaporized due to the temperature rise decreases, it may be necessary to change the driving frequency to induce cavitation and maintain continuous mist generation. In the case of conventional fixed-frequency devices, if the viscosity of the liquid is lowered without changing the driving frequency, mist generation decreases or stops completely, rendering the device inoperable.

[0159] 4. Distance to the power source The oscillation frequency of the electronic circuit may change depending on the wiring length between the transducer and the oscillator-driver. The frequency of the electronic circuit is inversely proportional to the distance between the transducer and the rest of the circuit.

[0160] The distance parameter is mainly fixed to the device, but it changes during the manufacturing process of the device, which may reduce the overall efficiency of the device. Therefore, it is desirable to change the driving frequency of the device to compensate for the variation and optimize the efficiency of the device.

[0161] As shown in FIG. 5, the piezoelectric transducer can be modeled as an RLC circuit in an electronic circuit. The four parameters described above can be modeled as changes in the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of the entire RLC circuit, and the resonant frequency range supplied to the transducer can be changed. When the frequency of the circuit rises to near the resonant point of the transducer, the logarithmic impedance of the entire circuit drops to a minimum, then rises to a maximum, and then settles in the central range. FIG. 6 is a general graph explaining the change in the overall impedance with the increase in frequency in the RLC circuit. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing how the piezoelectric transducer acts as a capacitor in the first capacitive region at frequencies below the first predetermined frequency fs and in the second capacitive region at frequencies above the second predetermined frequency fp. The piezoelectric transducer acts as an inductor in the inductive region at frequencies between the first and second predetermined frequencies fs and fp. To maintain the optimal oscillation of the transducer and thus obtain the maximum efficiency, it is necessary to maintain the current flowing through the transducer at a frequency within the inductive region.

[0162] The frequency controllers of some example devices are configured to maintain the oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric transducer (ultrasonic vibration means 5) within the inductive region in order to maximize the efficiency of the device.

[0163] The frequency controller is configured to perform a sweep operation of driving the transducer at a frequency that gradually tracks over a predetermined sweep frequency range. When the frequency controller performs a sweep, the frequency controller monitors the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) value of an analog-to-digital converter coupled to the transducer. In some examples, the ADC value is a parameter of the ADC proportional to the voltage across the transducer. In other examples, the ADC value is a parameter of the ADC proportional to the current flowing through the transducer.

[0164] As will be described in more detail below, some example frequency controllers determine the effective power being used by an ultrasonic transducer by monitoring the current flowing through the transducer.

[0165] During a sweep operation, the frequency controller searches for the frequency induction region for the transducer. When the frequency controller identifies the induction region, the frequency controller records the ADC value and locks the drive frequency of the transducer at a frequency within the induction region (i.e., between the first and second predetermined frequencies fs, fp) to optimize ultrasonic cavitation by the transducer. When the drive frequency is locked within the induction region, the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the transducer is maximized, thereby maximizing the efficiency of the device.

[0166] In some examples, the frequency controller is configured to perform a sweep operation to identify the location of the induction region each time oscillation is started or restarted. In an example, the frequency controller is configured to lock the drive frequency at a new frequency within the induction region each time oscillation is started, thereby compensating for changes in parameters that affect the operating efficiency of the device.

[0167] In some examples, the frequency controller ensures optimal mist generation and maximizes the efficiency of drug delivery to the user. In some examples, the frequency controller optimizes the device, improves efficiency, and maximizes nicotine delivery to the user.

[0168] In other examples, the frequency controller optimizes the device and improves the efficiency of any other device that uses ultrasound. In some examples, the frequency controller is configured to be used with ultrasonic technology for therapeutic applications to enhance the promotion of drug release from an ultrasonic-responsive drug delivery system. By having an accurate and optimal frequency during operation, it is ensured that microbubbles, nanobubbles, nanodroplets, liposomes, emulsions, micelles, or any other delivery system is very effective.

[0169] In some examples, to ensure optimal mist generation and optimal delivery of the compound as described above, the frequency controller is configured to operate in a recursive mode. When the frequency controller operates in the recursive mode, the frequency controller periodically performs a sweep of the frequency during operation of the device, monitors the ADC value, and determines whether the ADC value is above a predetermined threshold indicating optimal oscillation of the transducer.

[0170] In some examples, the frequency controller performs a sweep operation while the device is in the process of aerosolizing the liquid, in case the frequency controller can identify a better frequency for the transducer. When the frequency controller identifies a better frequency, the frequency controller locks the drive frequency to the newly identified better frequency to maintain optimal operation of the device.

[0171] In some examples, the frequency controller periodically performs a sweep of the frequency for a predetermined duration during operation of the device. For the device of the example described above, the predetermined duration of the sweep and the time period between sweeps are selected to optimize the function of the device. When implemented in an ultrasonic mist inhaler, this ensures optimal delivery to the user throughout the user's inhalation.

[0172] Figure 8 is a flowchart of the operation of a frequency controller in some examples.

[0173] The following disclosure discloses further examples of a mist inhaler consisting of many of the same elements as the examples described above.

[0174] The elements of the examples described above can be interchanged with any of the elements of the examples described in the remainder of the present disclosure.

[0175] To ensure sufficient aerosol generation, in this example, the mist inhaler consists of an ultrasonic / piezoelectric transducer with an exact or substantially 16 mm diameter. This transducer is manufactured to match specific capacitance and impedance values in order to control the frequency and power required to generate the desired amount of aerosol.

[0176] When a disk-shaped ultrasonic transducer with a 16 mm diameter is placed horizontally, the device may become large and ergonomically disadvantageous as a handheld device. To alleviate this concern, the ultrasonic transducer in this example is held vertically within the ultrasonic treatment chamber (the plane of the ultrasonic transducer is generally parallel to the flow of aerosol mist to the mouthpiece and / or generally parallel to the longitudinal length of the mist inhaler). In other words, the ultrasonic transducer is generally perpendicular to the base of the mist inhaler.

[0177] Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings, the mist inhaler 200 in some examples is composed of a mist generating device 201 and a driver device 202. The driver device 202, in this example, includes a recess 203 for receiving and holding a part of the mist generating device 201. Thus, as shown in FIG. 9, the mist generating device 201 can be combined with the driver device 202 to form a compact and portable mist inhaler 200.

[0178] Referring now to FIGS. 11 to 13 of the accompanying drawings, the mist generating device 201 is composed of a mist generating housing 204 formed by two elongated housing parts 205, 206 that are optionally attached to each other. The mist generating housing 204 is composed of an air inlet port 207 and a mist outlet port 208.

[0179] In this example, the mist generating housing 204 is injection molded plastic, specifically polypropylene, which is typically used for medical applications. In this example, the mist generating device housing 204 is a heterophasic copolymer. More specifically, it is a BF970MO heterophase copolymer having an optimal combination of very high rigidity and high impact strength. The mist generating housing parts molded from this material exhibit good antistatic performance.

[0180] Heterophasic copolymers such as polypropylene are particularly suitable for the mist generating housing 204 because this material does not cause aerosol condensation when it flows from the ultrasonic treatment chamber 219 through the mouthpiece to the user. This plastic material can also be easily recycled directly using industrial crushing and washing processes.

[0181] In FIGS. 9, 10 and 12, the mist outlet port 208 is closed by a closure element 209. However, it will be understood that during use of the mist inhaler 200, the closure element 209 is removed from the mist outlet port 208 as shown in FIG. 11.

[0182] Referring now to FIGS. 14 and 15, the mist generating device 200 includes a transducer holder 210 held within the mist generating housing 204. The transducer holder 210, in this example, is composed of a cylindrical or generally cylindrical body portion 211 and circular upper and lower openings 212, 213. The transducer holder 210 is provided with an internal channel 214 for receiving the end of the ultrasonic transducer 215 as shown in FIG. 15.

[0183] The transducer holder 210 incorporates a cutout 216 from which the electrode 217 extends from the ultrasonic transducer 215 such that the electrode 217 can be electrically connected to the AC drive of the driver device, and as will be described in more detail below, the electrode 217 extends from the ultrasonic transducer 215.

[0184] Referring again to FIG. 13, the mist generating device 201 includes a liquid chamber 218 provided within a mist generating housing 204. The liquid chamber 218 is for containing the liquid to be atomized. In some examples, the liquid is contained within the liquid chamber 218. In other examples, the liquid chamber 218 is initially empty and is then filled with liquid.

[0185] A liquid (herein also referred to as an e-liquid) composition suitable for use in an ultrasonic device driven at a frequency of 3.0 MHz (±0.2 MHz) by a 3.7 V lithium polymer (LiPo) battery consisting of a nicotine salt consisting of nicotine levulinate, which is as follows: The relative amount of vegetable glycerin in the composition is: 55 to 80% (w / w), or 60 to 80% (w / w), or 65 to 75% (w / w), or 70% (w / w), and / or The relative amount of propylene glycol in the composition is: 5 - 30% (w / w), or 10 - 30% (w / w), or 15 - 25% (w / w), or 20% (w / w), and / or The relative amount of water in the composition is: 5 - 15% (w / w), or 7 - 12% (w / w), or 10% (w / w), and / or The amount of nicotine and / or nicotine salt in the composition is: 0.1 - 80 mg / ml, or 0.1 - 50 mg / ml, or 1 - 25 mg / ml, or 10 - 20 mg / ml, or 17 mg / ml.

[0186] In some examples, the mist generating device 201 contains an e-liquid having a kinematic viscosity between 1.05 Pascal·seconds and 1.412 Pascal·seconds.

[0187] In some examples, the liquid chamber 218 contains a liquid containing nicotine levulinate in a 1:1 molar ratio.

[0188] In some examples, the liquid chamber contains a liquid having a kinematic viscosity between 1.05 Pa·s and 1.412 Pa·s and a liquid density between 1.1 g / ml and 1.3 g / ml.

[0189] By using an e-liquid with the correct parameters of viscosity and density and having a desired target bubble volume of the liquid spray in the air, frequencies of 2.8 MHz - 3.2 MHz for a liquid viscosity range of 1.05 Pascal·seconds to 1.412 Pascal·seconds and a density of approximately 1.1 - 1.3 g / mL (obtaining the density range from Hertz) are known to produce droplet volumes where 90% of the droplets are 1 micron or less and 50% of them are 0.5 micron or less.

[0190] The mist generator 201 is configured to include an ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219 provided within the mist generator housing 204.

[0191] Returning to FIGS. 14 and 15, the transducer holder 210 is configured to include a partition 220 that provides a barrier between the liquid chamber 218 and the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219. The barrier provided by the partition portion 220 minimizes the risk that the ultrasonic treatment chamber 219 overflows with liquid from the liquid chamber 218 or that the capillary elements on the ultrasonic transducer 215 become supersaturated, both of which reduce the overload and efficiency of the ultrasonic transducer 215. Further, overflowing the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219 or supersaturating the capillary elements may also cause an unpleasant experience for the user when inhaling the liquid. To reduce this risk, the partition portion 220 of the transducer holder 210 seats as a wall between the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219 and the liquid chamber 218.

[0192] The partition 220 constitutes a capillary opening 221 which is the only means by which liquid can flow from the liquid chamber 218 to the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219 via a capillary element. In this example, the capillary opening 221 is an elongated slot having a width of 0.2 mm - 0.4 mm. The dimensions of the capillary opening 221 are such that the edges of the capillary opening 221 provide a bias force acting on the capillary element extending through the capillary opening 221 to control the liquid flow into the ultrasonic treatment chamber 219.

[0193] In this example, the transducer holder 210 is made of liquid silicone rubber (LSR). In this example, the liquid silicone rubber has a Shore A60 hardness. This LSR material ensures that the ultrasonic transducer 215 vibrates without the transducer holder 210 damping the vibration. In this example, the vibration displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 215 is 2 - 5 nanometers, and if there is any damping effect, the efficiency of the ultrasonic transducer 215 may decrease. Therefore, this LSR material and hardness are selected to obtain optimal performance with minimal compromise.

[0194] Next, referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, the mist generator 201 includes a capillary or capillary element 222 for transferring a liquid (including a chemical or other substance) from the liquid chamber 218 to the ultrasonic treatment chamber 219. The tube element 222 is planar or generally planar and has a first portion 223 and a second portion 224. In this example, the first portion 223 has a rectangular or generally rectangular shape, and the second portion 224 has a partially circular shape.

[0195] In this example, the capillary element 222 is composed of a third portion 225 and a fourth portion 226 that have the same shape as the first and second portions 223, 224 respectively. The capillary element 222 of this example is folded about a fold line 227 such that the first and second portions 223, 224 and the third and fourth portions 225, 226 overlap each other, as shown in FIG. 17.

[0196] In this example, the capillary element has a thickness of about 0.28 mm. As shown in FIG. 17, when the capillary element 222 is bent to have two layers, the overall thickness of the capillary element becomes about 0.56 mm. This double layer also ensures that there is always sufficient liquid on the ultrasonic transducer 215 for optimal aerosol generation.

[0197] In this example, when the capillary element 222 is folded, the lower ends of the first and third portions 223, 225 define an enlarged lower end 228 that increases the surface area of the portion of the capillary element 222 located in the liquid within the liquid chamber 218 to maximize the rate at which the capillary element 222 absorbs liquid.

[0198] In this example, the capillary element 222 is 100% bamboo fiber. In other examples, the capillary element is at least 75% bamboo fiber. The advantages of using bamboo fiber as the capillary element are as described above.

[0199] Referring now to FIGS. 18 and 19, the capillary element 222 is held by a transducer holder 210 such that the transducer holder 210 holds a second portion 224 of the capillary element 222 that overlaps a portion of the atomizing surface of the ultrasonic transducer 215. In this example, the circular second portion 224 fits within an inner recess 214 of the transducer holder 210.

[0200] The first portion 223 of the capillary element 222 extends through a capillary opening 221 of the transducer holder 210.

[0201] Referring next to FIGS. 20 through 22, the second portion 206 of the mist generating housing 204 comprises a generally circular wall 229 that receives the transducer holder 222 and forms a part of the wall of the ultrasonic processing chamber 219.

[0202] Contact openings 230 and 231 are provided in the side wall of the second portion 206 to receive electrical contacts 232 and 233 that form an electrical connection with the electrodes of the ultrasonic transducer 215.

[0203] In this example, an absorbent chip or absorbent element 234 is provided adjacent to the mist outlet port 208 to absorb liquid at the mist outlet port 208. In this example, the absorbent element 234 is made of bamboo fiber.

[0204] Next, referring to FIGS. 23 to 25, the first portion 205 of the mist generating housing 204 has a shape similar to that of the second portion 206, forms a further portion of the wall of the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219, and further includes a generally circular wall portion 235 that holds the transducer holder 210.

[0205] In this example, adjacent to the mist outlet port 208, an absorption element 236 for absorbing liquid at the mist outlet port 208 is further provided.

[0206] In this example, the first portion 205 of the mist generating housing 204 constitutes a spring support arrangement 237 that supports the lower end of the retainer spring 238, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0207] The upper end of the retainer spring 238 contacts the second portion 224 of the capillary element 222 such that the retainer spring 238 applies a biasing force that biases the capillary element 222 against the atomizing surface of the ultrasonic transducer 215.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 27, it is shown that before the two portions 205, 206 of the mist generating housing 204 are attached to each other, the transducer holder 210 is in a predetermined position and is held by the second portion 206 of the mist generating housing 204.

[0209] Referring to FIGS. 28 - 31, in this example, the mist generating device 201 is configured to include an identification device 239. The identification device 239 is composed of a printed circuit board 240 having electrical contacts 241 provided on one surface, and an integrated circuit 242 and another optional component 243 provided on the other surface.

[0210] The integrated circuit 242 has a memory for storing an identifier unique to the mist generating device 201. The electrical contacts 241 provide an electronic interface for communicating with the integrated circuit 242.

[0211] In this example, the printed circuit board 240 is mounted in a recess 244 on one side of the mist generating housing 204. The integrated circuit 242 and any other electronic components 243 are housed in a further recess 245 such that the printed circuit board 240 is generally flush with the side surface of the mist generating housing 204.

[0212] In this arrangement, the integrated circuit 242 is a one-time programmable (OTP) device with an anti-counterfeiting feature that enables the use of only the original mist generating device from the manufacturer with the device. This anti-counterfeiting feature is implemented in the mist generating device 201 as a specific custom integrated circuit (IC) that is adhered to (the printed circuit board 240 and) the mist generating device 201. The OTP as an IC contains truly unique information that enables complete traceability of the mist generating device 201 (and its contents) over its lifetime, as well as accurate monitoring of consumption by the user. With the OTP IC, the mist generating device 201 can be made to function to generate mist only when permitted.

[0213] The OTP defines, as a feature, the authorized status of a particular mist generating device 201. In fact, it has been shown experimentally that in order to prevent carbonyl emissions and keep the aerosol at a safe level, after aerosolization for approximately 1000 seconds, the mist generating device 201 is considered to have emptied the liquid in the liquid chamber 218. In this way, a non-genuine or empty mist generating device 201 becomes inoperable after this predetermined usage time.

[0214] OTP as a feature may be part of a complete chain through the cooperation of digital sales points, mobile companion applications, and the mist generator 201. Only genuine mist generators 201 manufactured by a reliable party and sold at digital sales points can be used. The mobile companion digital application is a link between the user account on the manufacturer's digital platform and the mist generator 201, ensuring the safe use of known and secure content in a safe amount and for a sustainable duration.

[0215] Also, OTP as a function enables the high access control and monitoring required for medical drug administration in the case of B2B (business to business) use with a reliable medical facility. The OTP IC is read by a driver device 202 that can recognize the inserted mist generator 201 and the prescription related to it. The driver device 202 cannot use this mist generator 201 for a period longer or outside the period specified by the prescription. Furthermore, by providing a reminder in the mobile companion application, the user can be minimized from missing a dose.

[0216] In some examples, the OTP IC is disposable, like the mist generator 201. Whenever the mist generator 201 is considered empty and inserted into the driver device 202, it will not be activated. Similarly, a counterfeited generator device 201 will not function in the driver device 202.

[0217] Figures 32 - 34 are diagrams showing the flow of air inside the operating mist generator 201.

[0218] By subjecting a liquid medicine (such as nicotine, medical solution, medical suspension, protein solution, supplement, etc.) to ultrasonic treatment, it is changed into a mist (atomized). However, if there is not enough ambient air available to displace the rising aerosol, this mist will settle on the ultrasonic transducer 215. In the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219, a mist (aerosol) is generated and drawn out to the user through the mouthpiece, so it is required to continuously supply air. To meet this requirement, an air flow path is provided. In this example, the air flow channel has an average cross-sectional area of 11.5 mm 2 and is designed for the ultrasonic irradiation chamber 219 based on the negative pressure from an average user, which is calculated based on this. This also controls the mist-to-air ratio of the inhaled aerosol and the amount of drug delivered to the user.

[0219] Based on the design requirements, the air flow path is routed to start from the bottom of the ultrasonic treatment chamber 219. The opening at the bottom of the aerosol chamber is aligned with and closely adjacent to the opening to the air flow bridge within the device. The air flow path runs vertically upward along the reservoir and continues to the center of the ultrasonic treatment chamber (concentric with the ultrasonic transducer 215). Here, it turns 90° inward. Then, the flow path continues to a point about 1.5 mm from the ultrasonic transducer 215. This path maximizes the ambient air directly supplied in the direction of the atomization surface of the ultrasonic transducer 215. The air flows through the channel towards the transducer, collects the generated mist, and exits through the mouthpiece to the user.

[0220] Next, the driver device 202 will be described first with reference to FIGS. 35 and 36. Air flows into the mist generator 201 through the air inlet port 207 that is in fluid communication with the air flow bridge within the driver device 202 as described later. The air flows along a flow path that changes the direction of the air flow by about 90° to direct the air flow towards the ultrasonic transducer 215.

[0221] In some examples, the airflow arrangement is configured to change the direction of the airflow along the airflow path such that when the airflow passes through the ultrasonic treatment chamber, the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the atomization surface of the ultrasonic transducer.

[0222] The driver device 202 is at least partially composed of a driver device housing 246 made of metal. In some examples, the driver device housing 246 is entirely made of aluminum (AL6063 T6), protecting the internal components from the environment (dust, water splashes, etc.) and also from damage due to impacts (such as accidental drops).

[0223] In some examples, the driver device housing 246 has vents on its sides that allow ambient air to enter the device for two purposes. One provides ventilation around the electronic components to keep them within the operating temperature. These vents also act as air inlets where air enters the device through these vents and then enters the mist generator 201 through the airflow bridge.

[0224] The driver device housing 246 has an elongated shape with an internal chamber 247 that houses the components of the driver device 202. One end of the driver device housing 246 is closed by an end cap 248. The other end of the driver device housing 247 has an opening 249 that provides an opening for the recess 203 of the driver device 202.

[0225] The driver device 202 is composed of a battery 250 connected to a printed circuit board 251. In some examples, the battery 250 is a 3.7V DC Li-Po battery with a capacity of 1140 mAh and a discharge rate of 10C. The high discharge rate is required for the maximum 15V voltage amplification required by the ultrasonic transducer 215 for desired operation. The shape and size of the battery are designed according to the shape and size of the device and the space allocated for the power supply within the range of physical constraints.

[0226] The printed circuit board 251 incorporates electronic components for realizing the electrical functions of the driver device 202, such as a processor and a memory. The charging pin 252 is provided at one end of the printed circuit board 251, extends through the end cap 248, and provides a charging connection for charging the battery 250.

[0227] The printed circuit board 251 is held within the driver device housing 246 by the skeleton 252. The skeleton 252 has a channel 253 for receiving the printed circuit board 251. The skeleton 252 incorporates raised side portions 254, 255 for supporting the battery 250.

[0228] In some examples, the skeleton 252 is manufactured using an industrial injection molding process. The molded plastic skeleton ensures that all components are fixed and do not fit loosely within the case. Also, when the mist generating device 201 is inserted into the driver device 202, it forms a cover that covers the front portion of the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) that receives it.

[0229] The driver device 202 is composed of an airflow sensor that functions as a switch for operating a converter for ultrasonic generation and aerosol production and supplying power. The airflow sensor is attached to the PCB within the device, and a certain atmospheric pressure drop is required around it to operate the driver device 202. For this purpose, an airflow bridge 259 as shown in FIGS. 39 to 41 is designed with an internal channel that guides air from the surroundings through the bridge to the aerosol chamber. The skeleton 252 is composed of opposing channels 256, 257 for receiving a part of the airflow bridge as shown in FIG. 42.

[0230] The internal channel of the airflow bridge has a microchannel (diameter 0.5 mm) that extends towards a chamber that completely covers the airflow sensor. When air flows in from the side inlet and becomes upward in the aerosol chamber, a negative pressure is generated in the microchannel, which triggers the airflow sensor to operate the device.

[0231] This device is a compact and portable advanced device that can monitor accurate and safe aerosolization. This is achieved by incorporating high-quality electronic components designed considering IPC class 3 (medical grade).

[0232] The electronic components of the driver device 202 are divided as follows: 1. Ultrasonic processing section For inhalation in portable devices, to obtain the most efficient aerosolization with a particle size of 1 µm or less, the ultrasonic processing section must provide contact pads that receive the ultrasonic transducer 215 (piezoelectric ceramic disk (PZT)) at a high operating frequency (about 3 MHz).

[0233] This section must not only provide high frequency but also provide optimized cavitation while protecting the ultrasonic transducer 215 from failure.

[0234] The mechanical deformation of the PZT is linked to the amplitude of the alternating voltage applied to it, and the maximum deformation must always be supplied to the PZT to ensure the optimal function and delivery of the system with each ultrasonic irradiation.

[0235] However, to prevent failure of the PZT, it is necessary to accurately control the effective power transmitted to the PZT.

[0236] This can only be achieved by designing a custom, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) chip that does not exist on the market, and this chip is provided on the printed circuit board of the driver device 202. This PMIC enables instantaneous modulation of the effective power applied to the PZT without impairing the mechanical vibration amplitude of the PZT.

[0237] By PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) of the alternating voltage applied to the PZT, the mechanical amplitude of the vibration can be kept constant.

[0238] Therefore, changing the AC voltage output using a digital - to - analog converter (DAC) was the only "off - the - shelf" option. Although the energy transmitted to the PZT decreases, mechanical deformation also occurs, which completely inhibits proper aerosolization. In fact, similar to the case of voltage modulation, the effective voltage applied in duty - cycle modulation is the same, but the effective power transmitted to the PZT deteriorates. Specifically, it is represented by the following formula:

[0239]

Number

[0240] When considering the first harmonic, Irms is a function of the amplitude of the actual voltage applied to the converter, and pulse - width modulation changes the duration of the voltage supplied to the converter, thus controlling Irms.

[0241] The specific design of the PMIC adopts state - of - the - art designs and includes a complete set of feedback loops and monitoring paths used by the control unit, enabling ultra - precise control of the frequency range and steps applied to the PZT.

[0242] The remaining part of the aerosolization section consists of a DC / DC boost converter and a transformer that supply the necessary power from a 3.7V battery to the PZT contact pads. The driver device consists of an AC driver that converts the voltage from the battery into an AC drive signal of a predetermined frequency to drive the ultrasonic transducer.

[0243] The driver device comprises an effective - power monitoring device for monitoring the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer (described above) when the ultrasonic transducer is driven by the AC drive signal. The effective - power monitoring device provides a monitoring signal indicating the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer.

[0244] The processor within the driver device controls the AC drive and receives the monitoring signal from the effective - power monitoring device.

[0245] When the memory of the driver device is executed by the processor, it stores instructions that cause the processor to perform the following: A. Control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at a predetermined sweep frequency. B. Calculate the effective power being used by the ultrasonic transducer based on the monitoring signal. C. Control the AC driver to modulate the AC drive signal to maximize the effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer. D. Save in the memory a record of the maximum effective power used by the ultrasonic transducer and the sweep frequency of the AC drive signal. E. After a predetermined number of iterations, repeat steps A - D a predetermined number of times while increasing the sweep frequency in each iteration such that the sweep frequency increases from the sweep start frequency to the sweep end frequency. F. Identify from the records stored in the memory the optimal frequency of the AC drive signal, which is the sweep frequency at which the maximum effective power is used by the ultrasonic transducer. G. Control the AC drive to output an AC drive signal to the ultrasonic transducer at the optimal frequency and drive the ultrasonic transducer to atomize the liquid.

[0246] In some examples, the effective power monitoring device includes a current sensing device for sensing the drive current of the AC drive signal that drives the ultrasonic transducer, and the effective power monitoring device provides a monitoring signal indicative of the sensed drive current.

[0247] In some examples, the current sensing device includes an analog - to - digital converter that converts the sensed drive current into a digital signal for processing by the processor.

[0248] In some examples, the memory stores, when executed by the processor, instructions that cause the processor to repeat the above steps A - D such that the sweep frequency increases from a sweep start frequency of 2900 kHz to a sweep end frequency of 2960 kHz.

[0249] In some examples, when executed by the processor, the memory stores instructions to cause the processor to repeat the above steps A-D where the sweep frequency increases from a sweep start frequency of 2900 kHz to a sweep end frequency of 3100 kHz.

[0250] In some examples, when executed by the processor, the memory stores instructions to cause the processor to control the AC drive such that in step G, an AC drive signal is output to the ultrasonic transducer at a frequency shifted from the optimal frequency by a predetermined shift amount.

[0251] In some examples, the predetermined shift amount is between 1 - 10% of the optimal frequency.

[0252] 2. Control & Information (CI) Unit The control and information unit is composed of an external EEPROM for data storage, an LED for user display, a pressure sensor for airflow detection, and a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) - compliant microcontroller for constant monitoring and management of the aerosolization unit.

[0253] The pressure sensor used in this device serves two purposes. The first purpose is to prevent accidental and unnecessary activation (driving of the ultrasonic transducer) of the acoustic engine. This function is implemented in the device's processing equipment, which is optimized for low power consumption and constantly measures environmental parameters such as temperature and ambient pressure through internal correction and reference setting in order to accurately detect and classify what is called true inhalation.

[0254] Unlike all other electronic cigarette devices on the market, this solution takes advantage of the strengths of the microcontroller and enables the use of only one sensor.

[0255] The second objective of the pressure sensor is not only to accurately monitor the user's inhalation time for accurate inhalation measurement, but also to be able to determine the strength of the user's inhalation, which is important information in a medical setting for proper prescription and health monitoring. Overall, we can fully depict the pressure profile of all inhalations and predict the end of inhalation for both aerosolization optimization and understanding the operation of medical data.

[0256] This has been made possible by using a BluetoothTM Low Energy (BLE) microcontroller. This enables, unlike other products on the market, the realization of extremely accurate inhalation times, optimized aerosolization, monitoring of numerous parameters to ensure safe mist, prevention of the use of non-genuine e-liquids and aerosol chambers, and protection of both the device against the risk of overheating and the user against over-misting all at once.

[0257] Using the BLE microcontroller enables wireless updates and the continuous provision of improved software to the user based on anonymized data collection and trained AI for PZT modeling.

[0258] 3. Power Management (PM) Unit The power management unit is composed of an LDO (Low Dropout Regulator) that supplies power from a 3.7V LiPo battery to the control and information unit and a path of a BMS (Battery Management System) that provides high protection and charging to the built-in LiPo battery.

[0259] While being such a compact integrated device, in order to achieve high power supply to the ultrasonic irradiation section and stable power supply to the control / information section, the components in this section are carefully and thoroughly selected. In fact, when supplying high power from a 3.7V lithium polymer battery to the atomization section, the power supply voltage fluctuates greatly during operation. Without a low dropout regulator, when the battery voltage drops to a voltage 0.3V lower than the minimum rating of the components in this section, a stable power supply essential for the control / information section cannot be provided. Therefore, the LDO plays an important role here. For this reason, the LDO plays an important role. The loss of the CI section stops the function of the entire device.

[0260] Therefore, by carefully selecting components, not only is the high reliability of the device ensured, but it also enables operation under severe conditions and extends the charging interval.

[0261] Controlled atomization Since this device is an accurate, reliable and safe atomization solution for smoking cessation programs, medical prescriptions and daily customer use, it must provide controlled and reliable atomization.

[0262] This is executed by an internal method that can be divided into several sections as follows.

[0263] 1. Sonication In order to achieve optimal atomization, the ultrasonic transducer (PZT) needs to be vibrated in the most efficient way.

[0264] Frequency Due to the electromechanical characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, the components are most efficient at the resonance frequency. However, if the PZT continues to resonate for a long time, it is inevitable that the components will be damaged and the aerosol chamber will become unusable.

[0265] Also, when using piezoelectric materials, important points include variations during manufacturing and variations due to temperature and lifespan.

[0266] To resonate PZT at 3 MHz to generate droplets of 1 um or less, an adaptive method is required to search for and target the "sweet spot" of a specific PZT in all aerosol chambers used in the device every time inhalation occurs.

[0267] Sweep Since it is necessary to identify the "sweet spot" every time inhalation occurs and also due to overuse, the temperature of the PZT changes in the company's double sweep method.

[0268] The first sweep is used when the device is not being used for a time sufficient for all heat dissipation to occur in a specific aerosol chamber and for the PZT to cool to the "default temperature". This procedure is also called a cold start. During this procedure, the PZT requires a boost to generate the required aerosol. This is achieved by passing only a small subset of frequencies between 2900 kHz and 2960 kHz that cover the resonance points, taking into account extensive research and experimentation.

[0269] For each frequency within this range, the acoustic engine operates, the current passing through the PZT is actively monitored, saved by the microcontroller via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and converted to current so that the power used by the PZT can be accurately subtracted.

[0270] This results in obtaining the cold profile of the PZT with respect to frequency, and the frequency used during inhalation will be the one that uses the most current, i.e., the frequency with the lowest impedance.

[0271] The second sweep is performed during subsequent inhalations and covers the full frequency range between 2900 kHz and 3100 kHz by modifying the PZT profile with respect to temperature and deformation. This hot profile is used to determine the shift to be applied.

[0272] Shift Since atomization must be optimal, the shift is not used during cold inhalations and the PZT will vibrate at its resonant frequency. This can only happen if it is not repeated for a short time, otherwise the PZT will necessarily break.

[0273] However, the shift is used during most inhalations as a way to target low impedance frequencies, achieving near-optimal operation of the PZT while protecting against failure.

[0274] Since the hot and cold profiles are saved during inhalation, the microcontroller can select the appropriate shift frequency according to the measured value of the current flowing through the PZT during the sweep, ensuring safe mechanical operation.

[0275] Since the piezoelectric component behaves differently outside and inside the double resonance / anti-resonance frequencies, the choice of the direction of shift is important. Since the PZT is inductive and not capacitive, the shift to be selected should always be within this range defined by the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies.

[0276] Finally, the rate of shift is maintained below 10% so as to be close to the lowest impedance but sufficiently far from resonance.

[0277] Adjustment Due to the inherent nature of the PZT, each inhalation is different. In addition to the piezo element, numerous parameters such as the amount of e-liquid remaining in the aerosol chamber, the wicking state of the gauze, and the battery level of the device affect the result of the inhalation.

[0278] Therefore, by constantly monitoring the current used by the PZT in the aerosol chamber and the microcontroller constantly adjusting parameters such as frequency and duty cycle, the most stable power is supplied within the predefined range in the aerosol chamber, based on research and experimental results regarding the most optimal safe aerosolization.

[0279] Battery Monitoring To supply an AC voltage of 15V and maintain the current inside the PZT at about 2.5A, the current from the battery reaches about 7 - 8A, causing a drop in the battery voltage. With a general lithium polymer battery, it is not possible to maintain this harsh resource for more than 6 seconds of inhalation. Therefore, a custom lithium polymer battery that can handle about 11A, which is more than 50% of the maximum allowable current of the PZT, was developed and made simple to use as a compact and integrated portable device.

[0280] When the ultrasonic generation unit is activated, the voltage of the battery drops and fluctuates greatly. Therefore, the microcontroller constantly monitors the power used by the PZT in the aerosol chamber to ensure proper and safe aerosol generation.

[0281] Also, since the key to aerosolization is control, this device first ensures that the control and information section of the device always functions and does not stop in a way that is disadvantageous to the ultrasonic processing section.

[0282] Therefore, the adjustment method greatly considers the real - time battery level. If necessary, parameters such as the duty cycle are changed to maintain the battery at a safe level. When the battery level is low before the sonic engine starts, the control and information section is designed to prevent the start.

[0283] Power Control As the key to aerosolization is said to be control, the method used in this device is a real - time multi - dimensional function that constantly considers the PZT profile, the current inside the PZT, and the battery level of the device.

[0284] All of these can only be achieved by using a microcontroller that can monitor and control all elements of the device to achieve optimal inhalation.

[0285] 1. Inhalation control This device is a safe device as confirmed in the report of BNS (Broughton Nicotine Services). However, in order to ensure the safety of the mist and the integrity of both the aerosol chamber and the device, it is necessary to control each inhalation.

[0286] Inhalation time To reduce exposure to harmful components such as carbonyl that may be generated by the heating of e-liquid, the maximum inhalation time is set to 6 seconds, completely suppressing exposure to these components.

[0287] Interval Since it depends on the piezoelectric component, the ultrasonic irradiation unit does not operate when inhalation stops. The safety delay between two inhalations is adapted according to the duration of the previous inhalation. This ensures that the gauze is properly aspirated before the next operation.

[0288] With this function, the device can operate safely and make aerosolization more optimal without damaging the PZT element or exposing the user to toxic components.

[0289] Connectivity (BLE) The control and information part of the device is composed of a wireless communication system using a Bluetooth Low Energy compatible microcontroller. The wireless communication system is configured to communicate with the processor of the device and transmit and receive data between the driver device and computing devices such as smartphones.

[0290] Connection with the companion mobile application via Bluetooth Low Energy allows the device to continue to function over a long period of time even when not in use at all, as the power required for this communication is low compared to conventional wireless connection solutions such as Wi-Fi, conventional Bluetooth, GSM, and even LTE-M and NB-IoT.

[0291] Most importantly, this connectivity enables the realization of OTP as a function and complete control and safety of inhalation. All data, from the resonant frequency of inhalation to the negative pressure and duration created by the user, is stored and transferred via BLE for further analysis and improvement of the embedded software.

[0292] Furthermore, all of this information is extremely important as it provides doctors and users with all the information regarding the inhalation process when the device is used in a medical or smoking cessation program, allowing for real-time tracking of prescriptions and usage status.

[0293] Finally, this connectivity allows for in-device and wireless (OTA) updates of the embedded firmware, ensuring that the latest version can always be deployed quickly. This enhances the expandability of the device and guarantees that the device is maintained.

[0294] Data collection for clinical smoking cessation purposes User data such as puff count and puff time can be collected to understand the total amount of therapeutic dosage consumed by the user in one session.

[0295] This data can be interpreted by an algorithm that sets consumption limits for each time period based on the doctor's advice.

[0296] This enables the administration of drugs at therapeutic dosages that can be managed by doctors and pharmacists and cannot be misused by end-users.

[0297] The physician is safe and effective in providing a therapeutic smoking cessation dose by gradually reducing the dose over time in a manner that is safe for the user.

[0298] Limitations of Puffs The process of ultrasonic cavitation has a significant impact on the nicotine concentration in the generated mist.

[0299] The device limitation of a puff time of 7 seconds or less will limit the user's exposure to carbonyls commonly generated by electronic nicotine delivery systems.

[0300] According to the experimental results of Broughton Nicotine Services, after the user took 10 consecutive puffs of less than 7 seconds, the total amount of carbonyls was less than 2.67 μg / 10 puffs (average: 1.43 μg / 10 puffs) for formaldehyde, less than 0.87 μg / 10 puffs (average: 1.50 μg / 10 puffs) for acetaldehyde, less than 0.40 μg / 10 puffs (average: 0.28 μg / 10 puffs) for propionaldehyde, less than 0.16 μg / 10 puffs (average: 0.16 μg / 10 puffs) for crotonaldehyde, less than 0.19 μg / 10 puffs (average: 0.17 μg / 10 puffs) for butyraldehyde, less than 0.42 μg / 10 puffs (average: 0.25 μg / 10 puffs) for diacetyl, and no acetyl propionyl was detected in the emissions of 10 consecutive puffs of less than 7 seconds.

[0301] Since the aerosolization of e-cigarettes is achieved by the mechanical action of a piezoelectric disk rather than directly heating the liquid, the individual components of e-cigarettes (such as propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavor components, etc.) remain mostly intact and are not decomposed into small harmful components such as acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde at the high rates seen in conventional e-cigarettes.

[0302] To limit the user's exposure to carbonyls while using the ultrasonic device, the puff length is limited to a maximum of 6 seconds so that the above results represent the absolute worst-case scenario in terms of exposure.

[0303] Next, referring to FIGS. 43 and 44, when the end cap 248 is attached to the driver device housing 246, the driver device housing 246, which is made of aluminum, functions as a Faraday cage and prevents the device from emitting any electromagnetic waves. The device equipped with the driver device housing 246 has undergone electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing, and as a result of the test, it has been revealed that the emissions are below half of the allowable limit of the device. The EMC test results are shown in the graph of FIG. 45.

[0304] All of the above applications including ultrasonic technology can benefit from optimization achieved by a frequency controller that optimizes the frequency of ultrasonic processing for optimal performance.

[0305] It will be understood that the disclosure of this book is not limited to use for nicotine delivery. Some examples are configured to be used for various medical purposes (e.g., delivery of CBD for pain relief, supplements for performance improvement, albuterol / salmeterol for asthmatic patients, etc.).

[0306] The devices disclosed in this book are for use with any drug, or other compound, and the drug or compound is provided in liquid form within the liquid chamber of the device for aerosolization by the device. In some examples, the devices disclosed in this book are for use with drugs and compounds including, but not limited to, the following.

[0307] Respiratory system Brocodilator Olodaterol Levalbuterol Berodual (ipratropium bromide / fenoterol) Combivent (ipratropium bromide / salbutamol) Anti-inflammatory agent Betamethasone Dexamethasone Methylprednisolone Hydrocortisone Mucolytic agent N-acetylcysteine Pulmonary hypertension Sildenafil Tadalafil Epoprostenol Treprostinil Iloprost Infectious disease Antibacterial agent Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Colistin, Neomycin, Liposomal Amikacin,) Quinolone antibacterial agents (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin) Macrolides (Azithromycin) Minocycline Beta-lactams (Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Ceftazidime, Ticarcillin, etc.) Cephalosporin antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime) Glycopeptide (Vancomycin) Meropenem Polymyxins (Colistin, Polymyxin B) Antifungal agent Amphotericin Fluconazole Caspofungin Antiviral agent Valganciclovir Favipiravir Remdesivir Acyclovir Antituberculosis Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Rifampin Ethambutol Cancer area Biological agent Drotrecogin alfa Afatinib Caprasizumab Dupilumab Isalizumab Alacizumab Volasertib Nintedanib Imatinib Sirolimus Chemotherapy Azacitidine Decitabine Docetaxel Gemcitabine Cisplatin Central nervous system · Psychiatry Sodium valproate Teriflunomide Zolmitriptan Metabolism · Hormone Insulin Estrogen Immunology Vaccine Monoclonal antibody Stem cell Vitamin Zinc Ascorbic acid Others Niclosamide Hydroxychloroquine Ivermectin The ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 of some examples is a more powerful version of the current portable medical nebulizer, having the shape and size of the current electronic cigarette and a specific structure for effective vaporization. It is a healthier product to replace cigarettes and current e-cigarette products.

[0308] The ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 of some embodiments is particularly applicable to those who use an electronic inhaler as a means to quit smoking and reduce nicotine dependence. The ultrasonic mist inhaler 100 provides a way to gradually taper the dosage of nicotine.

[0309] Other examples of ultrasonic mist inhalers are readily envisioned, including drug delivery devices.

[0310] The foregoing has outlined some features of several examples or embodiments so as to enable a person skilled in the art to better understand various aspects of the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure can be readily used as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for accomplishing the same purposes and / or achieving the same advantages of the various examples or embodiments introduced herein. In addition, a person skilled in the art should recognize that such equivalent structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0311] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features or methodological acts, it is understood that the subject matter of the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as exemplary forms for implementing at least a part of the claims.

[0312] In this document, various operations of examples or embodiments are provided. The order in which some or all of the operations are described should not be construed as meaning that these operations necessarily depend on the order. Alternative orders will be understood to have the benefit of this document. Further, it will be understood that not all operations are necessarily present in each embodiment provided in this document. Also, it will be understood that in some examples or embodiments, not all operations are required.

[0313] Furthermore, "exemplary" as used herein means serving as an example, instance, illustration, etc., and is not necessarily advantageous. The "or" used in this application is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". Additionally, "a" and "an" as used in this application and the appended claims are generally construed to mean "one or more" unless otherwise specified or unless it is clear from the context that the singular form is intended. Further, as long as "comprising", "having", "possessing", "together with", or variations thereof are used, such terms are intended to be inclusive in the same manner as the term "comprising". Also, unless otherwise indicated, "first", "second", etc. are not intended to imply any temporal, spatial, order, etc.

[0314] Rather, such terms are merely used as identifiers, names, etc. for features, elements, items, etc.

[0315] For example, a first element and a second element generally correspond to element A and element B, or two different elements or two identical elements or the same element.

[0316] Also, although the present disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more embodiments, other equivalent changes and modifications will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art based on the reading and understanding of this book and the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure includes all such changes and modifications and is limited only by the scope of the following claims. In particular, with respect to the various functions performed by the features described above (e.g., elements, resources, etc.), the terms used to describe such features are intended to correspond to any feature (e.g., functionally equivalent) that performs the specified function of the described feature, even if not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure, unless otherwise indicated. Additionally, a particular feature of the present disclosure may be disclosed with respect to only one of several embodiments, but such feature may be combined with one or more other features of one or more other embodiments as desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.

[0317] Examples or embodiments of the subject matter and functional operations described in this specification can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, hardware, or in combinations of one or more of them, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents.

[0318] Some examples or embodiments are implemented using one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer-readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus. The computer-readable medium can be a manufactured article such as a hard drive in a computer system or an embedded system. The computer-readable medium can be separately obtained and later encoded with one or more modules of computer program instructions by, for example, distribution of one or more modules of the computer program instructions via a wired or wireless network. The computer-readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, or combinations of one or more of them.

[0319] The terms “computing device” and “data processing apparatus” include all devices, apparatus, and machines for processing data, including, by way of example, programmable processors, computers, or multiple processors and computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that constructs an execution environment for the computer program, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, a runtime environment, or combinations of one or more of them. Further, the apparatus can employ various different computing model bases, such as web services, distributed computing, grid computing infrastructure, and the like.

[0320] The processes and logical flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs, operating on input data and generating output to perform functions.

[0321] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. In general, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory, a random access memory, or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. In general, a computer will also be operatively coupled to or include one or more mass storage devices for storing data, such as, magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Devices suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices.

[0322] As used in this specification, "comprising" means "including, consisting of", and "comprises" means "including, consisting of".

[0323] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the following claims, or the accompanying drawings, can be expressed in their specific forms, or in terms of means for performing the disclosed functions, or in terms of a method or process for achieving the disclosed results, and can be used, separately or in any combination of these features, in their various forms, to implement the invention.

Claims

1. 1. A mist generating device for delivering nicotine, comprising: a mist generating housing, said housing being elongated and having an air inlet port and a mist outlet port; a liquid chamber disposed within the mist generating housing, the liquid chamber containing a liquid to be atomized, the liquid including nicotine; an ultrasonic treatment chamber provided within the mist generating housing; a generally planar capillary element including an enlarged end, a first portion having a generally rectangular shape, and a second portion having a partially circular shape, the capillary element extending between the liquid chamber and the ultrasonic treatment chamber, the first portion of the capillary element being within the liquid chamber, the enlarged end being located in the liquid contained in the liquid chamber, and the second portion of the capillary element being within the ultrasonic treatment chamber; an ultrasonic transducer having a generally planar atomizing surface disposed within the ultrasonic treatment chamber, the ultrasonic transducer being mounted within the mist-generating housing such that the plane of the atomizing surface is substantially parallel to a longitudinal length of the mist-generating housing, a portion of the second portion of the capillary element overlapping a portion of the atomizing surface, the ultrasonic transducer being configured to vibrate the atomizing surface to atomize the liquid carried by the second portion of the capillary element to produce a mist comprising atomized liquid and air within the ultrasonic treatment chamber; an airflow arrangement providing an air flow path between the air inlet port, the ultrasonic treatment chamber, and the mist outlet port, wherein a user draws air through the inlet port, the ultrasonic treatment chamber, and the mist outlet port at the mist outlet port, and the mist generated in the ultrasonic treatment chamber is carried by the air through the mist outlet port for inhalation by the user; A mist generating device comprising:

2. The mist generating device further comprises: a transducer holder held within the mist generating housing, the transducer holder holding the ultrasonic transducer and holding the second portion of the capillary element overlying a portion of the atomizing surface; and a partition providing a barrier between the liquid chamber and the sonication chamber, the partition comprising a capillary opening through which a portion of the first portion of the capillary element passes; The mist generating device according to claim 1 , further comprising:

3. 3. The mist generating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the capillary element has a thickness of substantially 0.28 mm.

4. A mist generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the capillary element comprises a first portion and a second portion which are superimposed on one another such that the capillary element has two layers.

5. A mist generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the capillary element is at least 75% bamboo fibre.

6. 6. The mist generating device according to claim 5, wherein the capillary element is made of 100% bamboo fiber.

7. The mist generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising at least one absorbent element disposed adjacent to the mist outlet port for absorbing liquid at the mist outlet port.

8. 8. The mist generating device of claim 7, wherein each absorbent element is made of bamboo fiber.

9. A mist generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the liquid has a kinematic viscosity between 1.05 Pascal-seconds and 1.412 Pascal-seconds and a liquid density between 1.1 g / ml and 1.3 g / ml.

10. A mist generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the liquid contains a nicotine salt consisting of nicotine levulinate.

11. A mist generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the liquid contains an amount of nicotine and / or nicotine salts of 0.1-80 mg / ml, or 0.1-50 mg / ml, or 1-25 mg / ml, or 10-20 mg / ml, or 17 mg / ml.

12. A mist generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the liquid contains an amount of vegetable glycerin (VG) of 55 to 80% (w / w), or 60 to 80% (w / w), or 65 to 75% (w / w), or 70% (w / w).

13. 11. A mist generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the liquid comprises an amount of propylene glycol (PG) in the composition of 5-30% (w / w), or 10-30% (w / w), or 15-25% (w / w), or 20% (w / w).

14. The mist generating device further includes an identification device provided in the mist generating housing, the identification device comprising: an integrated circuit having a memory for storing a unique identifier of the mist generating device; an electrical connection providing an electronic interface for communicating with the integrated circuit; A mist generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising:

15. 15. The mist generating device of claim 14, wherein the memory of the integrated circuit stores a record of the condition of the mist generating device indicative of at least one of a historical use of the mist generating device or a volume of the liquid in a liquid chamber.

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