Methods, Devices, and Systems for Beam Failure Recovery

Abstract

A system, device, and method for failure recovery are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes determining, by a wireless communication device, at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for beam failure detection from reference signals of a control resource set (CORESET), and determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement value for comparison to a threshold value according to the at least one reference signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to systems and methods for adding new beams and / or beam obstruction recovery.

Background Art

[0002] In a single frequency network (SFN) scenario, two transmission and reception points (TRPs) transmit the same information to one user equipment (UE). However, in, for example, a high-speed train (HST)-SFN scenario, the UE moves from one TRP to another, causing a Doppler effect such that a first Doppler effect for one TRP can be opposite to a second Doppler effect for the other TRP.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0003] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving one or more of the problems presented in the prior art and providing additional features that will be readily apparent when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. According to various embodiments, exemplary systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. However, it is understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example and not limitation, and that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made within the scope of the present disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon a thorough reading of the present disclosure.

[0004] In some aspects, systems, devices, and methods for beam failure recovery (e.g., in an SFN scenario) are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes determining, by a wireless communication device, at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for beam failure detection from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET), and determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to the at least one reference signal.

[0005] In some embodiments, the measurement value includes at least one of a block error rate (BLER), or a reference signal received power (RSRP), or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR). In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal determined for beam failure detection includes reference signals of two TCI states, and the at least one measurement value includes at least one of individual measurement values or combined measurement values.

[0006] In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal determined for beam failure detection includes a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption of Doppler shift or delay information having a higher RSRP or SINR than another one of the other two TCI states, configured via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling for beam failure detection, or determined in advance from a default TCI state for beam failure detection, and includes a reference signal of one of two (e.g., activated) TCI states.

[0007] In some aspects, systems, devices, and methods for introducing or adding at least one new beam (e.g., in an SFN scenario) are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes receiving, by a wireless communication device, several candidate beams and reporting, by the wireless communication device, at least one new beam to a wireless communication node. In some embodiments, the at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or set of reference signal resources.

[0008] In some embodiments, the number (N) of beam pairs to be measured is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling and is formed from 2N numbers of candidate beams, and the remaining candidate beams should be measured individually. In some embodiments, the method includes reporting, by a wireless communication device, two new beams as a beam pair to a wireless communication node.

[0009] In some embodiments, each link or control resource set (CORESET) after beam failure recovery uses two new beams regardless of whether an individual CORESET supported two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states prior to beam failure recovery, or each CORESET having two TCI states prior to beam failure recovery can use two new beams after beam failure recovery, each CORESET having one TCI state prior to beam failure recovery uses one of the two new beams after beam failure recovery, or the CORESET for linking to the SSS uses two new beams.

[0010] In one aspect, a system, device, and method for using a TCI state on a physical uplink transmission are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes using, by a wireless communication device, two TCI states of a first control resource set (CORESET) with the lowest index on different ones of two groups of physical uplink transmissions when the first CORESET is activated using two transmission configuration indicators (TCIs) and the two groups of physical uplink transmissions are configured.

[0011] In some aspects, another system, device, and method for introducing or adding at least one new beam are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes transmitting, by a wireless communication node, a plurality of candidate beams to a wireless communication device and receiving, by the wireless communication node, at least one new beam from the wireless communication device.

[0012] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in more detail in the drawings, description, and claims. The present invention provides, for example, the following. (Item 1) A method comprising: determining, by a wireless communication device, at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for beam obstacle detection from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET); determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to the at least one reference signal A method comprising: (Item 2) The at least one reference signal is a reference signal resource, or a reference signal resource set, or a pair of reference signal resources, or a pair of reference signal resource sets The method according to Item 1, wherein (Item 3) The CORESET is activated using two TCI states, the method according to Item 1. (Item 4) The measurement value is a block error rate (BLER), or a reference signal received power (RSRP), or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) The method according to Item 1, including at least one of (Item 5) The at least one reference signal determined for beam obstacle detection is having a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) than another one of the other of the two TCI states, or including a Doppler shift or a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption of delay information, or configured for beam obstacle detection via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling, or predetermined from a default TCI state for beam obstacle detection, The method according to Item 1, comprising a reference signal of one of the two TCI states. (Item 6) The at least one reference signal is two TCI states of the CORESET activated using the two TCI states, or a TCI state selected according to the order of the index (ID) of the CORESET, or a TCI state selected according to the order of the reference signal received power (RSRP) value, or a TCI state of the CORESET selected according to the size of the period of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB) The method according to Item 1, from (Item 7) The at least one reference signal determined for beam obstruction detection comprises the reference signals of the two TCI states, and the at least one measurement value comprises at least one of individual measurement values or combined measurement values, the method according to item 1. (Item 8) The combined measurement values are for measuring a reference signal resource pair, or for measuring a reference signal resource set pair the method according to item 7. (Item 9) The individual measurement values are each one of two measurement values determined for an individual reference signal associated with an individual one of the two TCI states, and the individual reference signal has a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) than another reference signal of the other one of the two TCI states, or includes a Doppler shift or a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption of delay information, or is configured via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling for beam obstruction detection, or is pre-determined from a default TCI state for beam obstruction detection the method according to item 7. (Item 10) The combined measurement values are the smaller of two measurement values, or a representative value or an average value of the two measurement values, or a weighted combination of the two measurement values the method according to item 7. (Item 11) The weighted combination of the two measurement values is a combination according to the ratio of the reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the two measurement values, the method according to item 10. (Item 12) Whether the at least one measurement value comprises the individual measurement values or the combined measurement values is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the method according to item 7. (Item 13) The at least one measurement value comprises the combined measurement values and follows a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission assumption for a single frequency network (SFN), the method according to item 7. (Item 14) The PDCCH transmission assumption for the SFN is a power boost of the ratio of the energy of a hypothesized PDCCH resource element (RE) to the energy of a representative value search space set (SSS) RE of the representative value, or Power boost of the ratio of the energy of the hypothetical PDCCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) to the representative value of the energy of the SSS RE, or Parameter set for SFN PDCCH transmission The method according to item 13, comprising (Item 15) A method, comprising: Receiving, by a wireless communication device, several candidate beams; and Reporting, by the wireless communication device, at least one new beam to a wireless communication node The method comprising. (Item 16) The method according to item 15, wherein the at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or a set of reference signal resources. (Item 17) The number (N) of beam pairs to be measured is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling and is formed from 2N numbers of the candidate beams, The remaining of the candidate beams should be measured individually, The method according to item 15. (Item 18) Reporting, by the wireless communication device, only one new beam to the wireless communication node; and Transmitting a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a single-frequency network (SFN) - like mode The method according to item 15, comprising. (Item 19) The method according to item 15, comprising reporting, by the wireless communication device, two new beams as a beam pair to the wireless communication node. (Item 20) After beam failure recovery, each link or control resource set (CORESET) uses the two new beams, regardless of whether the individual CORESET supported two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states prior to the beam failure recovery, or Prior to the beam failure recovery, each CORESET having two TCI states can use the two new beams after the beam failure recovery, and each CORESET having one TCI state prior to the beam failure recovery can use one of the two new beams after the beam failure recovery, or The CORESET for linking to a search space set uses the two new beams. The method according to item 19. (Item 21) Reporting, by the wireless communication device, two new beams as a beam pair and a new individual beam to the wireless communication node comprising Prior to the beam failure recovery, each control resource set (CORESET) having two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states can use the beam pair after the beam failure recovery, and each CORESET having one TCI state prior to the beam failure recovery can use the new individual beam after the beam failure recovery. The method according to item 15. (Item 22) Determining, by the wireless communication device, at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to the at least one reference signal corresponding to the at least one beam The method according to item 15, comprising. (Item 23) The measurement value is block error rate (BLER), or reference signal received power (RSRP), or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) The method according to item 22, including at least one of. (Item 24) The at least one reference signal is having a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) than another reference signal of another beam, or including a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption of Doppler shift or delay information, or configured via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling, or predetermined from a default beam The method according to item 22, comprising one reference signal of a first beam. (Item 25) The at least one reference signal comprises reference signals of two new beams, and the at least one measurement value includes at least one of individual measurement values or combined measurement values. The method according to item 22. (Item 26) The individual measurement value is one of two measurement values determined for individual reference signals each associated with an individual one of the two beams, and the individual reference signal is having a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) than another reference signal of another one of the two beams, or including a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption of Doppler shift or delay information, or configured via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling, or predetermined from a default beam The method according to item 25. (Item 27) The combined measurement value is the smaller of the two measurement values, or a representative value or an average value of the two measurement values, or a weighted combination of the two measurement values The method according to item 25, comprising. (Item 28) The method according to item 27, wherein the weighted combination of the two measurement values is a combination according to a ratio of a reference signal reception power (RSRP) or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) of the two measurement values. (Item 29) The method according to item 25, wherein whether the at least one measurement value includes the individual measurement value or the combined measurement value is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. (Item 30) A method comprising: When a first control resource set (CORESET) with the lowest index is activated using two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states and two groups of physical uplink transmissions are configured, a wireless communication device uses the two TCI states of the first CORESET on different ones of the two groups of the physical uplink transmissions Including, method. (Item 31) The two TCI states of the first CORESET on different ones of the two groups of the physical uplink transmissions are the spatial relationship of the reference signals of the two TCI states, a set of power control parameters, or path loss related information The method according to item 30, comprising at least one of the information. (Item 32) The two groups of the physical uplink transmissions are two groups of transmission opportunities for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), two groups of transmission opportunities for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), or two sounding reference signal (SRS) resource sets The method according to item 30, including at least one of the above. (Item 33) Each group of the physical uplink transmissions is a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource set, an SRS resource, a spatial relationship, a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state, a transmission frequency hop, quasi-collocation (QCL) information, or a set of power control parameters The method according to item 30, associated with at least one of the above. (Item 34) The method according to item 30, wherein the default TCI state for the two groups of the physical uplink transmission should be from the first CORESET with the lowest index or from the first CORESET with the highest index. (Item 35) A method comprising: transmitting, by a wireless communication node, several candidate beams to a wireless communication device; and receiving, by the wireless communication node, at least one new beam from the wireless communication device. (Item 36) A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of items 1-35. (Item 37) A device comprising at least one processor configured to implement the method according to any one of items 1-35.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013] Various exemplary embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and depict exemplary embodiments of the present solution solely to facilitate the understanding of the reader of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, range, or availability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, these drawings are not necessarily drawn to an exact scale.

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[0023] Detailed Description of Exemplary Embodiments Various exemplary embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the present solution. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, after a thorough reading of the present disclosure, various changes or modifications to the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present solution. Therefore, the present solution is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. In addition, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein is merely an exemplary approach. Based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps of the disclosed methods or processes can be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or acts in a sample order and that the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless expressly stated otherwise. A. Network Environment and Computing Environment

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network and / or system 100 in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the following discussion, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, and is referred to herein as the "network 100". Such an exemplary network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter, "BS102"), user equipment devices 104 (hereinafter, "UE104") that can communicate with each other via communication links 110 (e.g., wireless communication channels), and cell clusters 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 that overlay a geographic area 101. In FIG. 1, BS102 and UE104 are contained within the individual geographic boundaries of cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 may include at least one base station that operates with its allocated bandwidth to provide proper wireless coverage to its intended users.

[0025] For example, BS102 may operate with an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide proper coverage to UE104. BS102 and UE104 may communicate with each other via a downlink radio frame 118 and an uplink radio frame 124, respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into subframes 120 / 127, which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In the present disclosure, BS102 and UE104 are generally described herein as non-limiting examples of "communication nodes" that may practice the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communication according to various embodiments of the present solution.

[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) according to some embodiments of the present solution. System 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein. In one exemplary embodiment, system 200 can be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols within a wireless communication environment such as wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1 as described above.

[0027] System 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter, “BS202”) and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter, “UE204”). BS202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, and each module is coupled and interconnected with each other via a data communication bus 220 as required. UE204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, and each module is coupled and interconnected with each other via a data communication bus 240 as required. BS202 communicates with UE204 via a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for the transmission of data as described herein.

[0028] As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than those shown in FIG. 2. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logics described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software may depend on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art of the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a manner suitable for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0029] According to some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as an "uplink" transceiver 230 that includes, respectively, an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each having circuitry coupled to the antenna 232. As an alternative, a duplex switch (not shown) may couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in a time-division duplexing scheme. Similarly, according to some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as a "downlink" transceiver 210 that includes, respectively, an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each having circuitry coupled to the antenna 212. The downlink duplex switch may, as an alternative, couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in a time-division duplexing scheme. The operations of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be temporally coordinated such that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for receiving transmissions via the wireless transmission link 250 while the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212. In some embodiments, there is proximity time synchronization with a minimum guard time between duplex direction changes.

[0030] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna array 212 / 232 that communicates via the wireless data communication link 250 and may support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some illustrative embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and new 5G standards and equivalents. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited in application to specific standards and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternative or additional wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.

[0031] According to various embodiments, BS202 may be, for example, an evolved Node B (eNB), a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station. In some embodiments, UE204 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet, a laptop computer, a wearable computing device, and the like. Processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented or realized with a general-purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gates, or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. Thus, the processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as, for example, a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such combination of configurations.

[0032] Furthermore, the steps of the methods or algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, firmware, software modules, or any practical combination thereof, each executed by processor modules 214 and 236. Memory modules 216 and 234 may be implemented as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that processor modules 210 and 230 can read information from and write information to memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated within their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, memory modules 216 and 234 may each include cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during the execution of instructions executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions for execution by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.

[0033] The network communication module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that are configured to communicate with the base station transceiver 210 and enable two-way communication between the base station 202 and other network components and communication nodes. For example, the network communication module 218 may be configured to support Internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, but not limited to, the network communication module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet (registered trademark) interface so that the base station transceiver 210 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet (registered trademark)-based computer network. In this way, the network communication module 218 may include a physical interface for connection to a computer network (e.g., a mobile switching center (MSC)). As used herein, the terms "configured for", "configured to", and their conjugations with respect to a specified operation or function refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc. that is physically constructed, programmed, formatted, and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function. B. Systems and Methods for Beam Management

[0034] In a single frequency network (SFN) scenario, one CORESET can be activated using two transmission configuration information (TCI) states. In an embodiment, up to three control resource sets (CORESETs) can be configured for one activated bandwidth part (BWP), where one / each CORESET is activated using one TCI state, associated with one reference signal (RS), and up to two RS indexes can be detected to find out whether the beam of this transmission has an impairment and should be recovered. When two TCI states are activated for one / each CORESET, there can be up to four RSs indexed for beam detection. What is disclosed herein are embodiments of a system, device, and method for a method using up to four (e.g., or other various numbers of) RSs that can be indexed to perform beam impairment recovery and / or other operations.

[0035] Prior to triggering beam impairment recovery, several reference signal resources or resource sets can be detected. For embodiments lacking the disclosed improvements, up to two RSs of the configured or activated CORESET can be detected, and the estimation / measurement results can be compared with a threshold to find out whether beam detection has failed and beam impairment recovery should be initiated.

[0036] Quality-out (Qout) and quality-in (Qin) are quality measurement values / thresholds. In some embodiments, Qout is defined as the level at which the downlink (DL) radio link cannot be reliably received and includes or corresponds to the out-of-sync block error rate (BLERout). For single-sideband (SSB)-based radio link monitoring, Qout_SSB can be derived based on hypothetical physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission parameters. For channel state indicator (CSI)-RS-based radio link monitoring, Qout_CSI-RS is derived based on hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters.

[0037] In some embodiments, the threshold Qin is defined as a level such that the DL link quality can be received with a higher reliability (e.g., significantly) than Qout, including or corresponding to the synchronous block error rate (BLERin). For single SSB-based radio link monitoring, Qin_SSB can be derived based on hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters. For CSI-RS-based radio link monitoring, Qin_CSI-RS is derived based on hypothetical PDCCH transmission parameters.

[0038] BLERin and BLERout can be determined from the network configuration via parameters signaled by the upper layer. When a user equipment (UE, e.g., UE104, UE204, mobile device, wireless communication device, terminal, etc.) is not configured with thresholds from a network (e.g., 5G network, core network (CN), radio access network (RAN), a combination of CN and RAN, etc.), the UE can determine BLERin and BLERout by default. In some embodiments, the radio access network covers a geographical area, which is divided into cell areas, and each cell area is served by a base station (BS, e.g., BS102, BS202, next-generation NodeB (gNB), evolved NodeB (eNB), wireless communication node, radio tower, 3GPP® radio access device, non-3GPP® radio access device, etc.). It should be noted that the BLER measurement values are referred to only as an example in this disclosure and are not intended to be limiting in any way. Other types of measurements (e.g., RSRP or SINR) can also be applied in various implementations (e.g., instead of BLER).

[0039] In an SFN scenario, one CORESET can be activated using two TCI states. What is disclosed herein are embodiments of systems, devices, and methods for managing or responding to beam failure recovery using two activated TCI states for one CORESET.

[0040] In some embodiments, one rule is defined to detect one of the TCI states (or RS) of a CORESET that is activated using two TCI states. A TCI state or associated RS with a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / noise and interference ratio (SINR) can be used as the detection RS for beam failure detection. In some embodiments, a TCI state containing a Doppler shift quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption is used as the TCI state to be detected, and the RS in this TCI state is used as the RS to be detected for beam failure detection. Radio resource control (RRC) signaling can be configured to use one of the two TCI states for beam failure detection. One of the two TCI states can be configured by default (e.g., pre-configured, pre-programmed) for beam failure detection.

[0041] In some embodiments, the RSs in the two TCI states activated for one CORESET are both used for beam failure detection, and one combined block error rate (BLER) is used to compare with a threshold. The combined BLER can include a smaller BLER, an average value BLER of the two RSs, or a weighted BLER of the two RSs (e.g., a weighted combination of the individual BLERs). The weighting of each BLER can be based on the RSRP or SINR (e.g., their ratio) of the RS associated with the individual TCI state. RRC signaling can be configured to indicate whether to use the individual BLER and / or the combined BLER.

[0042] In some embodiments, the number of beam pairs is configured by the RRC, the former / first 2N candidate beams are measured as pairs, and the other beams are individual candidate beams (to be measured individually). In some embodiments, if only one new beam is indicated or reported, the PDCCH is transmitted in a non-SFN mode. In some embodiments, if two beams are indicated, all recovered links or CORESETs can use the two beams regardless of whether two TCI states containing QCL type-D are supported for each CORESET (or regardless of whether the CORESET supports an SFN prior to beam failure recovery).

[0043] In some embodiments, a CORESET with two activated TCI states prior to beam failure (e.g., the CORESET receives / acquires / generates / activates / includes / corresponds to two activated TCI states prior to beam failure) can use two indicated new beams or new beam pairs, and a CORESET with only one activated TCI state prior to beam failure can use only one of the indicated new beams or new beam pairs, and the number of new beams is associated with the CORESET index (ID).

[0044] In some embodiments, one (e.g., best, above a given threshold, etc.) beam pair and one (e.g., best, above a given threshold, etc.) individual beam are reported or indicated. In some embodiments, a CORESET with two activated beams prior to beam obstruction uses the beam pair that is reported or indicated. In some embodiments, the individual beam is used for a CORESET that is activated using one beam prior to beam obstruction. In some embodiments, a CORESET through a link to an SSS provided by a recoverySearchSpaceId to monitor PDCCH within the CORESET is used to monitor SFN-based PDCCH transmissions.

[0045] In some embodiments, when a CORESET with the lowest index is activated using two TCI states, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) repetitions are supported in UL transmissions, and the two TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index are used on different PUCCH transmission opportunities. In some embodiments, with respect to the default TCI state for PUCCH repeated transmissions, the lowest-indexed CORESET is activated using two TCI states. In some embodiments, the default TCI state for PUCCH repetitions is from a CORESET with the lowest index that is activated using two TCI states.

[0046] For beam failure detection (BFD), there may be several BLER calculation assumptions, e.g., single TCI state-specific calculations or SFN (e.g., 2TCI state-specific) assumptions. In some embodiments, the assumption is associated with one CORESET.

[0047] Regarding single-TCI state-specific calculations, in some embodiments, beam failure detection is based on a single TCI state of one CORESET. Up to two RS indexes can be detected, and the BLER is calculated individually for each RS. In some embodiments, each RS index represents one RS resource or one set of RS resources. In some embodiments, regarding SFN-based BLER calculation assumptions, the BLER is calculated / determined for combinations of RS pairs. Beam failure detection can be associated with one CORESET. In some embodiments, when the CORESET is activated using only one TCI state, the BLER assumption is for the single TCI state, and the BLER is calculated based on one RS for each RS index. In some embodiments, when the CORESET is activated using two TCI states, the BLER calculation assumption is for two RSs from the two TCI states, and one combined BLER is determined / calculated for beam failure detection.

[0048] Table 1.1 shows the PDCCH transmission parameters for beam failure detection. The BLER calculation for beam failure detection can also be indicated by the PDCCH transmission parameters for beam failure detection. One PDCCH transmission scheme can be configured within the PDCCH transmission parameters as shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1

[0049] In some embodiments, the parameters are configured for single TCI-based PDCCH transmission or SFN-based BLER calculation. In some embodiments, the parameters for BLER are calculated by one TCI state, or the combined BLER calculated for two TCI states is configured with different values (e.g., the parameters) can be used to indicate different BLER assumptions or BLER calculation methods. For example, in some embodiments, the ratio of the hypothetical PDCCH resource element (RE) energy or PDCCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) energy to the representative value search space set (SSS) RE energy is set to 0 dB for one BLER assumption (e.g., single TCI-based BLER calculation) and 3 dB for another BLER assumption (e.g., combined BLER calculation for SFN-based PDCCH transmission).

[0050] Regarding a new beam (or beam state or TCI state) indication, some new beams can be associated with a CORESET, and the beam-CORESET association can be an integrated association with beam failure detection. For example, in some embodiments, when the BLER is calculated for one TCI state, the number of new beams is shown as 1, and when the BLER is calculated as the combined BLER, the number of new beams can be shown as 2.

[0051] Regarding the new beam indication, the number of new beams can be indicated according to the PDCCH transmission parameters when the PDCCH is configured as repetitions based on SFN or time division multiplexing (TDM), or when other parameters indicate that two new beams are required. The UE can report one or two (new) beams based on the parameters or UE measurement results. For example, the UE can report two beams for the SFN scheme and the TDM scheme, and when two beams are indicated, the two beams can be used for transmission. In some embodiments, for the TDM scheme, two beams are used for different PDCCH transmission opportunities. However, in some embodiments, if the UE cannot find / detect / determine two (new) beams based on the new beam indication, only one (new) beam can be reported, and the PDCCH or the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted by using one beam or one TCI state.

[0052] In some embodiments, rules are defined for detecting one TCI state (or RS) of the CORESET that is activated using two TCI states (for the beam failure detection process). The RSRP or SINR of the RS configured in the TCI state can be measured by the UE. Thus, when two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, the RSRP or SINR of each RS in the TCI state can be grasped / determined / identified by the UE. Therefore, in some embodiments, the UE determines the detectable TCI state according to the (e.g., estimated, predicted, or measured) RSRP or SINR of each TCI state.

[0053] A TCI state (or RS) with a smaller or larger RSRP or SINR, or a QCL type-D RS (from RSs of different QCL types) can be selected for beam obstruction detection. A higher RSRP or SINR can enable a better estimation of the signal. Thus, a TCI state or associated RS with a higher RSRP or SINR (e.g., layer 1 (L1)-RSRP, L1-SINR) can be used as the detection RS for beam obstruction detection (BFD). Regardless of whether the other detected RSs are from the CORESET activated for one TCI state or two TCI states, the detected RSs of the two RSs can be used for beam obstruction detection. In some embodiments, when two RSs are detected to be higher than a threshold configured by a higher layer, the counter is incremented (e.g., one by one, e.g., towards a trigger threshold) until the UE decides to recover the beam, e.g., for a new beam indication.

[0054] If pre-compensation is configured / provided, the QCL assumptions are different and can be used by the UE. Thus, in some embodiments, only one of the two TCI states activated for the PDCCH or indicated for the PDSCH contains a Doppler shift. Thus, in some embodiments, a TCI state (e.g., a TCI state used to estimate the Doppler shift or delay information) containing the QCL assumption of the Doppler shift or delay information is used as the detection TCI state (e.g., the TCI state to be detected) for BFD, and the RS in this TCI state is used as the detection RS (e.g., the RS to be detected) for beam obstruction detection. In some embodiments, if both of the configured TCI states contain a Doppler shift, one of the TCI states containing the first Doppler shift is indicated or configured to be used, and the second Doppler shift contained in the other TCI state is ignored. The UE can grasp one of the two TCI states containing a Doppler shift.

[0055] In some embodiments, the RRC and / or Media Access Control (MAC) control element (CE) signaling can be configured such that one of two TCI states is used for beam failure detection. For example, the RRC / MAC CE can be configured such that the first of the two TCI states is used for beam failure detection. Similarly, the first or second of two TCI states that are activated (e.g., from being configured by RRC to being activated by MAC CE) of a CORESET can be selected by default to be used for beam failure detection.

[0056] One TCI state from one CORESET can be used for beam failure detection, and up to two RSs are supported. However, if one CORESET is activated for two TCI states, another CORESET with only one TCI state can be used for beam failure detection. Alternatively, in some embodiments, if two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, the two TCI states of this CORESET can be used for beam failure detection, and the TCI states of other CORESETs are not considered.

[0057] In some embodiments, the RSs in two TCI states activated for one CORESET are both used for beam failure detection, and one combined BLER is used to compare with (or against) a threshold. The RSs of the two individual TCI states can be measured, and the combined BLER can be achieved from one RS corresponding to a smaller BLER, the average / representative value BLER of the two RSs, or the weighted BLER of the two RSs. The weighting of each BLER can be achieved from the RSRP or SINR of the RS associated with each TCI state. For example, in some embodiments, if the RSRP or SINR of the two RSs are the same, the weighted BLER is equal to the average value BLER.

[0058] In some embodiments, the BLER can be calculated from two RS indexes, and the RSs from all TCI states of the detected CORESET are considered to be from two TCI states activated using two TCI states from one CORESET. In some embodiments, the RSs are selected from the TCI states according to the order of the CORESET ID (e.g., selected from the lowest CORESET ID). For example, the RS with the CORESET with the lowest index is selected first. In some embodiments, the RSs are selected according to the CSI-RS / SSB periodic size / value of the TCI state of the CORESET. For example, the RS with the minimum period of the CSI-RS / SSB of the TCI state of the detected CORESET is selected first.

[0059] The two BLERs can be handled / comparison individually. Each of the two BLERs can be compared with a threshold, and if both of the two BLERs are higher than the threshold, the result (e.g., BLER) is reported to the gNB. In some embodiments, each of the individual BLERs of the two RSs and the combined BLER are (respectively) compared with a threshold, and if all three BLERs are higher than the threshold, the result (e.g., the individual BLERs and the combined BLER) is reported to the gNB. The individual BLER or the combined BLER can be used as a default or pre-defined value. For example, only one of the two methods may be configured or pre-defined to be supported for beam obstruction detection.

[0060] RRC signaling can be used to configure the type of BLER that is used for beam obstruction recovery. In some embodiments, for example, if "0" is configured via RRC, the individual BLER is used for beam obstruction recovery, and if "1" is configured via RRC, the combined BLER is used for beam obstruction recovery.

[0061] All RSs can be detected individually. For example, if two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, up to four RSs are supported to be detected. The threshold can be extended to be associated with each of the RSs. For example, if all detected RSs are measured with a BLER greater than the threshold, the UE can report a beam obstruction. In some embodiments, if one CORESET is activated using two TCI states and the other TCI state is activated using one of the TCI states, then each of the three RSs associated with the individual ones of the three TCI states is measured individually.

[0062] If the beam measurement values result in an outage according to UE reports and gNB counts, at least one additional beam is measured and one new beam is indicated to the UE. In some embodiments, if beam pairs are supported, e.g., if combined beam BLER is supported, the candidate beams at q1 (to be measured) are measured as a pair. In some embodiments, if the number of beam pairs (N) is configured by RRC, 2N candidate beams (e.g., two candidate beams per beam pair) from the available candidate beams are measured as pairs (e.g., each with an associated combined beam BLER), and the remaining / other beams (from the candidate beams) are individual candidate beams.

[0063] For example, if 1 (N = 1) pair of beams is configured and 10 beams (in total) are configured as candidate beams, two candidate beams are a pair and are measured using the combined BLER, and the other eight beams are measured as individual beams and are each compared to a threshold.

[0064] Regarding the new beam indication, in some embodiments, one new beam is indicated or reported (e.g., by the UE), and all CORESETs are associated with the new beam. In some embodiments, if the SFN is configured for PDCCH transmission, two TCI states are activated for one CORESET, and if QCL type-D is configured in the TCI state, there are two beams configured for the SFN-based CORESET. In some embodiments, if only one beam is indicated or reported (e.g., by the UE), only one new beam is supported and SFN-based PDCCH is not supported. For example, if only one new beam is indicated or reported (e.g., by the UE), the PDCCH is transmitted in a non-SFN manner.

[0065] When two beams are indicated, SFN-based PDCCH transmission and / or detection is supported. In some scenarios, not all CORESETs in one bandwidth part are activated using two TCI states. When two beams are indicated or reported, what is disclosed herein is a method of using two new beams associated with each of the CORESETs.

[0066] In some embodiments, all recovered links or CORESETs can use two beams regardless of whether two TCI states containing QCL type-D are supported for each CORESET. For example, if one link or CORESET is activated using one TCI state before beam failure recovery, one link or CORESET can use two beams after BFR. For example, when two beams are indicated in a new beam indication, all CORESETs are SFN-based.

[0067] In some embodiments, a CORESET with two activated TCI states before beam failure can use two indicated new beams or a new beam pair, while a CORESET with only one activated TCI state before beam failure uses only one of the indicated new beams or new beam pair, and the number of new beams is associated with the index / identifier (CORESET ID) of the associated CORESET. In some embodiments, one of the two beams can be selected / selected for the CORESET and configured by a higher layer parameter or by default, e.g., as the first of the two beams.

[0068] In some embodiments, one (e.g., best) beam pair and one (e.g., best) individual beam are reported or indicated. A CORESET with two activated beams prior to beam failure can use the reported or indicated beam pair to continue to support (e.g., enable) two TCI states for the CORESET. In some embodiments, if the beam pair is measured as a group and may not include the best beam for one beam transmission, the individual beams are reported or indicated and these individual beams are used for the CORESET that was activated with one beam prior to beam failure.

[0069] In some embodiments, once a new beam indication is shown or configured for the UE, the gNB uses the new beam based on the UE report. If two new beams are shown, the two new beams are used for link recovery, e.g., for / in beam failure recovery. If the UE may be provided with a CORESET through a link to an SSS provided by recoverySearchSpaceId for monitoring the PDCCH within the CORESET, the CORESET is used for monitoring the SFN-based PDCCH.

[0070] In some embodiments, if the UE does not provide pathlossReferenceRS within PUCCH-PowerControl, provides enableDefaultBeamPL-ForPUCCH, and does not provide PUCCH-SpatialRelationInfo, the default spatial relation or default pathloss RS of the PUCCH is associated with the CORESET with the lowest index on the active DL BWP.

[0071] In some embodiments, a CORESET with the lowest index is activated using two TCI states, and when PUCCH repetitions are supported for UL transmission, the two TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index are used on different PUCCH transmission opportunities. In some embodiments, the CORESET with the lowest index is not transmitted to the same TRP for all PUCCH transmission opportunities, and different TCI states are used on each opportunity, so it is used on different PUCCH transmission opportunities.

[0072] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of cyclic mapping for PUCCH transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Some embodiments of PUCCH transmission (e.g., for cyclic mapping or sequence mapping) have a repetition number of 8. Other repetition numbers are also within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, with respect to cyclic mapping, adjacent / consecutive PUSCH transmission opportunities are associated with different default TCI states. For example, in some embodiments such as those shown in FIG. 3, PUCCH transmission opportunities 1, 3, 5, 7 are associated with one of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index, and PUCCH transmission opportunities 2, 4, 6, 8 are associated with the other of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index. Other opportunity-default TCI state associations are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0073] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of sequence mapping for PUCCH transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, with respect to sequence mapping, a first adjacent / consecutive PUSCH transmission opportunity is associated with the same default TCI state, and a second adjacent / consecutive PUSCH transmission opportunity is associated with a different default TCI state. For example, in some embodiments such as those shown in FIG. 3, PUCCH transmission opportunities 1, 2, 5, 6 are associated with one of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index, and PUCCH transmission opportunities 3, 4, 7, 8 are associated with the other of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index. Other opportunity-default TCI state associations are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0074] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of half-half mapping for PUCCH transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Some embodiments of PUCCH transmission (e.g., for half-half mapping) have, for example, a repetition number of 8. Other repetition numbers are also within the scope of the present disclosure. With respect to half-half mapping, each repetition is associated with one TCI state. For example, in some embodiments such as those shown in FIG. 5, PUCCH transmission opportunity 1 is associated with one of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index, and PUCCH transmission opportunity 2 is associated with the other of the default TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index.

[0075] In some embodiments, with respect to PUCCH repeated transmission, when different TCI states can be used for different PUCCH repetition opportunities, the lowest-indexed CORESET is the one that is activated using two TCI states, or the default TCI state for PUCCH repetition is the one that is activated using two TCI states, and is the CORESET with the lowest index.

[0076] In some embodiments, for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) repetition type A, the default TCI state or default path loss RS of the PUSCH is the TCI state activated for the lowest-indexed CORESET, and the PUSCH repetition mapping includes at least one of sequence mapping, cyclic mapping, or half-half mapping. In some embodiments, two TCI states of the CORESET with the lowest index can be used for different PUSCH repetition opportunities.

[0077] For codebook-based PUSCH transmission, two sounding reference signal (SRS) resources or resource sets can be indicated to the UE. In some embodiments, if the spatial relation or path loss RS is not configured for the SRS, the default path loss RS is the RS contained within the CORESET with the lowest index. In some embodiments, if the CORESET is activated using two TCI states, the RSs in the two TCI states can be used as the default path loss RSs of the two SRS resource sets, and the two TCI states of the CORESET are associated with different SRS resource sets. However, in some embodiments, if the activated downlink bandwidth part is not configured with the CORESET, the default path loss RSs of the two SRS resource sets can be associated with the RSs in two TCI states of the code points with the lowest index, and the two TCI states of the code points are associated with different SRS resource sets.

[0078] Two groups of transmission opportunities for PUCCH repetition or PUSCH repetition can each be associated with at least one of an SRS resource set, an SRS resource, a spatial relation, a TCI state, a PUSCH frequency hop, QCL information, or a set of power control parameters.

[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method 600 for beam failure recovery according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGS. 1-5, method 600 can be implemented by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station) in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be implemented within method 600 depending on the embodiment.

[0080] As an overview, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device determines at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for beam failure detection from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET) (operation 610). The wireless communication device determines at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to the at least one reference signal (operation 620).

[0081] More specifically, in operation 610, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device determines at least one reference signal of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for beam failure detection from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET). In some embodiments, the reference signal of the CORESET activated using two TCI states indicates a single frequency network (SFN) scenario or configuration. In some embodiments, the at least one reference signal is a reference signal resource, a reference signal resource set, a reference signal resource pair, or a reference signal resource set pair. In some embodiments, the CORESET is activated using two TCI states.

[0082] In some embodiments, at least one reference signal determined for beam obstruction detection includes a quasi-collocation (QCL) assumption of Doppler shift or delay information having a higher reference signal received power (RSRP) or signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR) than another one of the other two TCI states, and is configured via radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling for beam obstruction detection, or is predetermined from a default TCI state (e.g., identified / configured for beam obstruction detection), and includes a reference signal of one of two (e.g., activated) TCI states.

[0083] In some embodiments, at least one reference signal is from a TCI state of a CORESET selected according to the order of two TCI states of the CORESET activated using two TCI states, the order of the index (ID) of the CORESET, the order of RSRP values, the TCI state, or the size of the period of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0084] In operation 620, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device determines at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to at least one reference signal. In some embodiments, the measurement value includes at least one of a block error rate (BLER), RSRP, or SINR.

[0085] In some embodiments, at least one reference signal determined for beam obstruction detection includes reference signals for two TCI states, and at least one measurement value includes at least one of individual measurement values or combined measurement values. For example, in some embodiments, at least one reference signal includes one individual measurement value and one combined measurement value for one CORESET. In some embodiments, at least one reference signal includes two individual measurement values for one CORESET. In some embodiments, at least one reference signal includes two individual measurement values and one combined measurement value for one CORESET. In some embodiments, the combined measurement value is used to measure a reference signal resource pair or a reference signal resource set pair.

[0086] In some embodiments, an individual measurement value is one of two measurement values determined for an individual reference signal, each associated with an individual one of two TCI states, where the individual reference signal has a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal for the other one of the two TCI states, includes a QCL assumption of Doppler shift or delay information, is configured via RRC or MAC CE signaling for beam obstruction detection, or is pre-determined from a default TCI state for beam obstruction detection.

[0087] In some embodiments, the combined measurement value includes the smaller of two measurement values, a representative value or an average value of two measurement values, or a weighted combination of two measurement values. In some embodiments, the weighted combination of two measurement values is a combination according to the ratio of the RSRP or SINR of the two measurement values. In some embodiments, whether at least one measurement value includes an individual measurement value or a combined measurement value is configured via RRC signaling.

[0088] In some embodiments, at least one measurement value includes the combined measurement values and follows the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission assumption for the SFN. In some embodiments, the PDCCH transmission assumption for the SFN includes a power boost of the ratio of the hypothesized PDCCH resource element (RE) energy to the representative value search space set (SSS) RE energy, a power boost of the ratio of the hypothesized PDCCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) energy to the representative value SSS RE energy, and / or a parameter set for SFN PDCCH transmission.

[0089] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method 700 for introducing or adding a new beam according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGS. 1-5, method 700 can be implemented by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station) in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be implemented within method 700 depending on the embodiment.

[0090] Generally, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device receives a number of candidate beams (operation 710). In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports at least one new beam to the wireless communication node (at operation 720).

[0091] More specifically, in operation 710, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device receives a number of candidate beams. In some embodiments, the number (N) of beam pairs (e.g., pairs of beams) to be measured is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, formed from 2N (number) candidate beams, and the remaining candidate beams should be measured individually.

[0092] In operation 720, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device reports at least one new beam to a wireless communication node. In some embodiments, at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or reference signal resource set. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device can report or indicate only one new beam to the wireless communication node and cause the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) to be transmitted in a non-single frequency network (SFN) like manner.

[0093] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports two new beams as a beam pair to the wireless communication node. In some embodiments, each link or control resource set (CORESET) after beam failure recovery uses two new beams regardless of whether an individual CORESET supported two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states prior to beam failure recovery. In some embodiments, each CORESET having two TCI states prior to beam failure recovery can use two new beams after beam failure recovery, and each CORESET having one TCI state prior to beam failure recovery can use one of the two new beams after beam failure recovery. In some embodiments, the CORESET for linking to a search space set uses two new beams (e.g., two new TCI states).

[0094] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device reports two new beams as a beam pair and a new individual beam to the wireless communication node. Prior to beam failure recovery, each CORESET having two TCI states can use the beam pair after beam failure recovery, and each CORESET having one TCI state prior to beam failure recovery can use the new individual beam after beam failure recovery.

[0095] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device determines at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to at least one reference signal corresponding to at least one beam. In some embodiments, the measurement value includes at least one of a block error rate (BLER), a reference signal received power (RSRP), or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR).

[0096] In some embodiments, at least one reference signal includes one reference signal of a first beam that is configured via RRC or MAC CE signaling to include a QCL assumption of Doppler shift or delay information having a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal of another beam, and / or is pre-determined from a default beam.

[0097] In some embodiments, at least one reference signal includes reference signals of two new beams, and at least one measurement value includes at least one of individual measurement values or combined measurement values.

[0098] In some embodiments, each individual measurement value is one of two measurement values determined for an individual reference signal, each individual reference signal being associated with an individual one of the two beams, the individual reference signal being configured via RRC or MAC CE signaling to include a QCL assumption of Doppler shift or delay information having a higher RSRP or SINR than another reference signal of another one of the two beams, and / or is pre-determined from a default beam.

[0099] In some embodiments, the combined measurement values include the smaller of the two measurement values, a representative value or an average value of the two measurement values, or a weighted combination of the two measurement values. In some embodiments, the weighted combination of the two measurement values is a combination according to the ratio of the RSRP or SINR of the two measurement values. In some embodiments, whether at least one measurement value includes individual measurement values or combined measurement values is configured via RRC signaling.

[0100] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 for using TCI states for uplink transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGS. 1-5, method 800 can be implemented by a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., base station) in some embodiments. Additional, fewer, or different operations may be implemented within method 800 depending on the embodiment.

[0101] In operation 810, in some embodiments, when a first control resource set (CORESET) with the lowest index is activated using two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states and two groups of physical uplink transmissions are configured, the wireless communication device uses the two TCI states of the first CORESET on different ones of the two groups of physical uplink transmissions. In some embodiments, the two TCI states of the first CORESET on different ones of the two groups of physical uplink transmissions include at least one of information on the spatial relationship of the reference signals of the two TCI states, a set of power control parameters, or path loss related information.

[0102] In some embodiments, the two groups of physical uplink transmissions include at least one of two groups of transmission opportunities for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), two groups of transmission opportunities for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), or two sounding reference signal (SRS) resource sets. In some embodiments, each group of physical uplink transmissions is associated with at least one of an SRS resource set, an SRS resource, a spatial relationship, a TCI state, a transmission frequency hop, quasi-collocation (QCL) information, or a set of power control parameters. In some embodiments, the default TCI states for the two groups of physical uplink transmissions should be from the first CORESET with the lowest index or from the first CORESET with the highest index.

[0103] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 for introducing or adding a new beam, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGS. 1-5, method 900 can be implemented, in some embodiments, by a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) and / or a wireless communication node (e.g., a base station). Additional, fewer, or different operations may be implemented within method 900, depending on the embodiment.

[0104] In general, in some embodiments, a wireless communication node transmits (operation 910) a number of candidate beams to a wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the wireless communication node receives (in operation 920) at least one new beam from the wireless communication device.

[0105] More specifically, in operation 910, in some embodiments, a wireless communication node transmits / configures / presents a number of candidate beams to a wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the number of beam pairs (N) to be measured is configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling and can be formed from 2N numbers of candidate beams, and the remaining candidate beams should be measured individually.

[0106] In operation 920, in some embodiments, the wireless communication node receives at least one new beam from the wireless communication device. In some embodiments, the at least one new beam is associated with at least one reference signal resource or reference signal resource set.

[0107] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform any of the methods described above. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes at least one processor configured to implement any of the methods described above.

[0108] Although various embodiments of the solution have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented as examples only, and not as limitations. Similarly, the various schematics may depict exemplary architectures or configurations, which are provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand the exemplary features and functions of the solution. However, such those skilled in the art will understand that the solution is not limited to the exemplary architectures or configurations shown, and can be implemented using various alternative architectures and configurations. In addition, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Therefore, the scope and range of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the illustrative embodiments described above.

[0109] Also, any reference in this specification to elements using designations such as "first", "second", etc. generally does not limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used in this specification as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Therefore, reference to a first and a second element does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in a certain manner.

[0110] In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols, which may be referred to in the above description, can be represented, for example, by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0111] One of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods, and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., digital implementation, analog implementation, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which may be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or "software modules"), or any combination of these techniques. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination of these techniques, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. One of ordinary skill in the art can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0112] Furthermore, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components, and circuits described herein can be implemented within or performed by an integrated circuit (IC) that can include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include an antenna and / or transceiver and can communicate with various components within a network or device. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as, for example, a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration of combinations of the functions described herein.

[0113] When implemented in software, the functions can be stored on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Accordingly, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both a computer storage medium and a communication medium including any medium that can transfer a computer program or code from one location to another. A storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such a computer-readable medium can include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.

[0114] In this book, the term "module", as used herein, refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for implementing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purposes of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules. However, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that implements the associated functions in accordance with an embodiment of the solution.

[0115] In addition, a memory or other storage device and communication components may be employed in embodiments of the solution. For purposes of clarity, it should be understood that the above description has been explaining embodiments of the solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements, or domains may be used without departing from the solution. For example, functionality illustrated as being implemented by separate processing logic elements or controllers may be implemented by the same processing logic element or controller. Thus, the reference to specific functional units is merely a reference to suitable means for providing the described functionality and does not indicate a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

[0116] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other implementations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein as limited by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method comprising: a wireless communication device determining, from reference signals of a control resource set (CORESET), two reference signals of two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for beam obstruction detection; the wireless communication device determining at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to the two reference signals, the at least one measurement value including a combined measurement value for the two TCI states, the combined measurement value including a smaller block error rate (BLER) of the two reference signals; A method comprising the above.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the CORESET is activated using the two TCI states.

3. The CORESET has the lowest CORESET ID among a plurality of CORESETS, The method includes: the wireless communication device comparing the combined measurement value with the threshold, the threshold corresponding to a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received; incrementing a counter for a new beam indication in response to the combined measurement value being greater than the threshold; The method according to claim 1.

4. The combined measurement value further includes a weighted BLER, the weighted BLER being based on a ratio of reference signal received power (RSRP) of each of the two reference signals or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR). The method according to claim 1.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the combined measurement value follows a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission assumption for a single frequency network (SFN).

6. A wireless communication device comprising: The wireless communication device includes at least one processor, The at least one processor determines two reference signals of two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for beam failure detection from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET); determines at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold according to the two reference signals, the at least one measurement value includes a combined measurement value for the two TCI states, and the combined measurement value includes a smaller block error rate (BLER) of the two reference signals; A wireless communication device configured to perform the above.

7. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, wherein the CORESET is activated using the two TCI states.

8. The CORESET has the lowest CORESET ID among a plurality of CORESETS, The at least one processor compares the combined measurement value with the threshold, the threshold corresponding to a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received; increments a counter for a new beam indication in response to the combined measurement value being greater than the threshold; The wireless communication device according to claim 6, configured to perform the above.

9. The combined measurement value further includes a weighted BLER, and the weighted BLER is based on a ratio of reference signal received power (RSRP) of the two reference signals or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR). The wireless communication device according to claim 6.

10. The wireless communication device according to claim 6, wherein the combined measurement value follows a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission assumption for a single frequency network (SFN). A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, determine two reference signals of two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for beam failure detection from a reference signal of a control resource set (CORESET); determine at least one measurement value for comparison with a threshold, the at least one measurement value including a combined measurement value for the two TCI states, the combined measurement value including a lower block error rate (BLER) of the two reference signals; and cause the one or more processors to perform the above, the computer-readable storage medium. Claim 12 The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the CORESET is activated using the two TCI states. Claim 13. The CORESET has the lowest CORESET ID among a plurality of CORESETS, The instructions compare the combined measurement value with the threshold, the threshold corresponding to a level at which a downlink radio link cannot be reliably received; and increment a counter for a new beam indication in response to the combined measurement value being greater than the threshold. cause the at least one processor to perform the above, the computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11. Claim 14. The combined measurement value further includes a weighted BLER, the weighted BLER being based on a ratio of reference signal received power (RSRP) of the two reference signals or a signal / interference and noise ratio (SINR), the computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11. Claim 15 The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the combined measurement values comply with physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission assumptions for a single-frequency network (SFN).

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