Maintenance support method, information processing device, maintenance support system, and program

Abstract

To provide a maintenance support method, an information processing device, a maintenance support system, and a program for determining a maintenance rank of an abnormality occurring in a work machine with high accuracy.SOLUTION: A maintenance support method includes: acquiring target abnormality information including information regarding an occurrence of a first abnormality from a plurality of work machines each having an occurrence part where the first abnormality occurs; acquiring general abnormality information including information regarding the occurrences of the first abnormality occurring in the plurality of work machines; determining a reference value for determining a maintenance rank of the first abnormality based on the general abnormality information; determining the maintenance rank of the occurrence part of a target work machine based on the target abnormality information by using the determined reference value; and outputting the determined maintenance rank.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a maintenance support method, an information processing apparatus, a maintenance support system, and a program.

Background Art

[0002] Work machines including construction machines and agricultural machines may have parts where abnormalities can occur, such as physical failures or sensor inputs different from what is expected. Generally, in these work machines, depending on the degree and frequency of the abnormalities that occur, it may be necessary to take more urgent maintenance measures such as immediate inspections. When humans determine what measures should be taken for an abnormality, an experienced service technician is required, and the maintenance cost may increase. Also, the judgment may vary due to personal factors. For this reason, a technology for supporting the maintenance of work machines is needed.

[0003] Regarding the maintenance support of work machines, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which a server that receives information related to abnormalities from a work machine aggregates the occurrence frequencies of the abnormalities and ranks and displays the urgency levels of the abnormalities according to the occurrence frequencies.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Abnormalities in work machines include various types of abnormalities, such as those that occur overall in work machines of a similar type and those that concentrate in a specific work machine. In the above-mentioned conventional technology, since the ranking is performed regardless of the abnormality occurrence situation in other work machines, the ranking may be inaccurate.

[0006] In view of the above situation, one of the objectives of the present disclosure is to accurately determine the maintenance rank of an abnormality that has occurred in a working machine. Other objectives can be understood from the following description and the explanation of the embodiments.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0007] The means for solving the problem will be described below using the numbers and symbols used in the embodiments for implementing the invention. These numbers and symbols are added in parentheses for reference to show an example of the correspondence relationship between the description of the claims and the embodiments for implementing the invention. Therefore, the claims should not be construed in a limiting manner based on the description in parentheses.

[0008] A maintenance support method according to an embodiment for achieving the above object includes obtaining target abnormality information (1410) including information regarding the occurrence of a first abnormality that has occurred in a working machine (20) from a plurality of working machines (20) having occurrence sites (U1, U2) where the first abnormality can occur. The maintenance support method also includes obtaining general abnormality information (1420) including information regarding the occurrence of the first abnormality that has occurred in a working machine group (20a) including a plurality of working machines including the target working machine (20). The maintenance support method further includes determining reference values (L1-L3) for determining the maintenance rank of the first abnormality at the occurrence site (U1, U2) of the target working machine based on the obtained general abnormality information (1420). The maintenance support method also includes determining the maintenance rank of the occurrence site (U1, U2) of the target working machine based on the target abnormality information (1410) using the determined reference values (L1-L3), and outputting the determined maintenance rank.

[0009] An information processing apparatus (10) according to an embodiment for achieving the above object includes a target acquisition unit (110a), a general acquisition unit (110b), a reference determination unit (120), a rank determination unit (130), and a rank output unit (150). The target acquisition unit (110a) acquires target abnormality information (1410) including information regarding the occurrence of an abnormality that has occurred in a working machine (20) from a plurality of working machines (20) having occurrence sites (U1, U2) where an abnormality may occur. The general acquisition unit (110b) acquires general abnormality information (1420) including information regarding the occurrence of an abnormality that has occurred in a working machine group (20a) including a plurality of working machines including the target working machine (20). The reference determination unit (120) determines reference values (L1-L3) for determining a maintenance rank of an abnormality at the occurrence site (U1, U2) of the target working machine based on the general abnormality information (1420) acquired by the general acquisition unit (110b). The rank determination unit (130) determines the maintenance rank of the occurrence site (U1, U2) of the target working machine (20) based on the target abnormality information (1410) using the reference values (L1-L3) determined by the reference determination unit (120). The rank output unit (150) outputs the maintenance rank determined by the rank determination unit (130).

[0010] A maintenance support system (1) according to an embodiment for achieving the above object includes a target work machine (20) and an information processing device (10). The target work machine includes a generation site (U1, U2) where an abnormality may occur, a detection unit (S1, S2) that detects the physical state of the generation site (U1, U2), and an abnormality output unit (36) that outputs target abnormality information (1410) regarding the generated abnormality, which is generated based on the physical state detected by the detection unit (S1, S2). The information processing device (10) includes a target acquisition unit (110a) that acquires the target abnormality information (1410) output by the abnormality output unit, and a general acquisition unit (110b) that acquires general abnormality information (1420) including information regarding the occurrence of abnormalities that occurred in a plurality of work machines (20a). The information processing device (10) includes a reference determination unit (120) that determines reference values (L1-L3) for determining the maintenance rank of the abnormality at the generation site (U1, U2) of the target work machine based on the general abnormality information (1420) acquired by the general acquisition unit (110b), a rank determination unit (130) that determines the maintenance rank of the generation site (U1, U2) of the target work machine (20) based on the target abnormality information (1410) using the reference values (L1-L3) determined by the reference determination unit (120), and a rank output unit (150) that outputs the maintenance rank determined by the rank determination unit (130).

[0011] A program (P1) according to an embodiment for achieving the above object causes an information processing device (10) to acquire target abnormality information (1410) including information regarding the occurrence of an abnormality that occurred in a target work machine (20) among a plurality of work machines (20) having a generation site (U1, U2) where an abnormality may occur, acquire general abnormality information (1420) including information regarding the occurrence of abnormalities that occurred in a plurality of work machines, determine reference values (L1-L3) for determining the maintenance rank of the abnormality at the generation site (U1, U2) of the target work machine based on the acquired general abnormality information (1420), determine the maintenance rank of the generation site (U1, U2) of the target work machine (20) based on the target abnormality information (1410) using the determined reference values (L1-L3), and output the determined maintenance rank.

Advantages of the Invention

[0012] According to the above form, it is possible to rank the abnormalities occurring in the working machine with high accuracy.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013]

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] (First Embodiment) The maintenance support system 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the maintenance support system 1 includes an information processing apparatus 10, a group of working machines 20a including the working machine to be processed, and a terminal device 30. The information processing apparatus 10 is communicably connected to the group of working machines 20a and the terminal device 30 via a network NT. The network NT is, for example, the Internet, an intranet, or the like.

[0015] The group of working machines 20a includes a plurality of working machines 20. In this embodiment, each working machine 20 is a working machine of the same type managed by the administrator of the maintenance support system 1, and each has similar functional parts. For example, when the administrator of the maintenance support system 1 is the manufacturer of the working machine 20, the group of working machines 20a may include working machines 20 of the same type as the currently operating working machines 20. Alternatively, when the administrator of the maintenance support system 1 is the owner of a specific farm, the group of working machines 20a may include all working machines 20 of the same type as the working machines 20 used on that farm. As a modification, the group of working machines 20a may be similar types of working machines having functional parts corresponding to the respective functional parts of the working machine 20. The working machine 20 includes, for example, machines such as tractors and combines that perform work in the field.

[0016] The working machine 20 outputs information on abnormalities that occurred at the occurrence sites U1 and U2 shown in FIG. 2 to the information processing device 10. The information processing device 10 shown in FIG. 1 determines a reference value for determining a maintenance rank indicating the degree of urgency of maintenance based on the abnormality information acquired from a plurality of working machines 20 included in the working machine group 20a. The maintenance rank includes a plurality of ranks with different degrees of maintenance urgency, for example, "no problem" as level 0, "observation of progress" as level 1, "key inspection" as level 2, "emergency inspection" as level 3, and so on. Then, the information processing device 10 uses the determined reference value to determine a maintenance rank for the abnormality that occurred in the target working machine (for example, the working machine 20 in FIG. 2) that is the target of the process of assigning a maintenance rank. Then, the rank information indicating the determined maintenance rank is output to the terminal device 30 (or the working machine 20). The terminal device 30 (or the working machine 20) outputs the rank information indicating the received ranking result to the input / output device 32. As a result, a user who views the rank information output to the terminal device 30, for example, a service technician who performs maintenance on the working machine 20, can grasp the urgency of maintenance for the working machine 20.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 2, the work machine 20 includes an input / output device 22, an arithmetic device 24, a communication device 26, a storage device 28, a plurality of sensors (first sensor S1, second sensor S2, etc.), and a plurality of occurrence sites (occurrence site U1, occurrence site U2, etc.) where an abnormality can occur. When not distinguishing each sensor, it is simply called sensor S, and when not distinguishing each occurrence site, it is simply called occurrence site U. The occurrence site U1 includes, for example, agricultural work equipment such as a rice cutting device of a combine or a planting part of a rice transplanter. Further, the occurrence site U2 is a site where an abnormality different from that of the occurrence site U1 can occur. The occurrence site U2 includes, for example, an engine and a transmission. In the occurrence site U1 of each work machine 20, the same type of abnormality (for example, first abnormality, second abnormality, etc.) can occur. For example, when the occurrence site U1 is a rice cutting device, the first abnormality can be an abnormality such as no rotation being detected while the rice cutting device is in a cutting state, and the second abnormality can be an abnormality such as the gyro voltage being too high (or too low). In the occurrence site U2, the same type of abnormality (for example, third abnormality, fourth abnormality, etc.) can occur. For example, when the occurrence site U2 is an engine, the third abnormality can be an abnormality such as the engine speed being too high, and the fourth abnormality can be an abnormality such as the oil pressure being too high (or too low).

[0018] Information for the arithmetic device 24 to execute processing is input to the input / output device 22. Further, the input / output device 22 outputs the result of the processing executed by the arithmetic device 24. The input / output device 22 includes various input devices and output devices, and includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a display, a speaker, a touch panel, and the like.

[0019] The plurality of sensors S detect an abnormality occurring in each part of the work machine 20, for example, the occurrence site U. For example, the first sensor S1 detects the physical state of the occurrence site U1 (for example, the voltage, rotation, temperature, etc. applied to the cutting device). The second sensor S2 detects the physical state of the occurrence site U2 (for example, the rotation and temperature of the engine). The first sensor S1 and the second sensor S2 transmit information about the detected physical states of the occurrence sites U1 and U2 to the arithmetic device 24.

[0020] The arithmetic unit 24 determines whether an abnormality has occurred at the occurrence sites U1 and U2 based on the physical states of the occurrence sites U1 and U2 detected by the first sensor S1 and the second sensor S2. When it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, the arithmetic unit 24 generates abnormality information, which is information about the occurred abnormality. For example, as the abnormality information, the storage device 28 stores, in association with each other, information that can identify the aircraft in which the abnormality has occurred (for example, aircraft ID), information that can identify the site where the abnormality has occurred (for example, occurrence site ID), information that can identify the type of the abnormality (for example, abnormality ID), and information about the date and time of occurrence.

[0021] The communication device 26 is communicably connected to the network NT and communicates with an external device (for example, the information processing device 10 or the terminal device 30) via the network NT. The communication device 26 transfers the signal acquired from the information processing device 10 to the arithmetic unit 24. Further, the communication device 26 transfers the information generated by the arithmetic unit 24 to the information processing device 10. The communication device 26 includes, for example, transceivers used for wireless communication such as wireless LAN (Local Area Network) and cellular network, NIC (Network Interface Card), and various interfaces such as USB (Universal Serial Bus).

[0022] The storage device 28 stores various data for detecting and outputting an abnormality occurring in the machine tool 20, such as the program P3. The storage device 28 is used as a non-transitory tangible storage medium that stores the program P3. The program P3 may be provided as a computer program product recorded on a computer-readable storage medium M3. Alternatively, the storage medium M3 may be a storage device of an external server that stores the program P3. In this case, the program P3 can be provided as a computer program product downloadable from the server.

[0023] The arithmetic unit 24 reads and executes the program P3 to obtain measurement values of the physical states of a plurality of occurrence sites U detected by a plurality of sensors S. Then, based on the obtained measurement values, the arithmetic unit 24 determines whether an abnormality has occurred at any of the occurrence sites U. When it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, in response thereto, the arithmetic unit 24 generates abnormality information and outputs the abnormality information to the communication device 26 at a predetermined timing. As an example, the communication device 26 outputs abnormality information every time an abnormality is detected at any of the occurrence sites U. Alternatively, the communication device 26 may output abnormality information about an abnormality that has occurred since it was started immediately before the work machine 20 is switched off. In this way, the plurality of sensors S can function as detection units that detect abnormalities occurring at the corresponding occurrence sites U. Also, the communication device 36 can function as an abnormality output unit that outputs abnormality information.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1, the information processing apparatus 10 includes an input / output device 12, an arithmetic unit 14, a communication device 16, and a storage device 18. The information processing apparatus 10 is, for example, a computer or a server device.

[0025] Information for the arithmetic unit 14 to execute processing is input to the input / output device 12. Also, the input / output device 12 outputs the result of the processing executed by the arithmetic unit 14. The input / output device 12 includes various input devices and output devices, and includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a display, a speaker, a touch panel, and the like. The input / output device 12 may be omitted.

[0026] The communication device 16 is communicably connected to the network NT and communicates with devices external to the information processing apparatus 10 (for example, the work machine 20 and the terminal device 30) via the network NT. The communication device 16 transfers information obtained from the plurality of work machines 20 and the terminal device 30 to the arithmetic unit 14. Also, the communication device 16 transfers information generated by the arithmetic unit 14 to either or both of the work machine 20 and the terminal device 30. The communication device 16 includes various interfaces such as, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card) and a USB (Universal Serial Bus).

[0027] The storage device 18 stores various data for performing ranking of abnormalities that occur in the target working machine 20, such as the program P1. The storage device 18 is used as a non-transitory tangible storage medium that stores the program P1. The program P1 may be provided as a computer program product recorded on a computer-readable storage medium M1. Alternatively, the storage medium M1 may be a storage device of an external server that stores the program P1. In this case, the program P1 can be provided as a computer program product that can be downloaded from the server.

[0028] The arithmetic unit 14 reads the program P1 from the storage device 18 and performs various data processes for determining the maintenance rank of the target working machine 20. For example, the arithmetic unit 14 includes a central processing unit (CPU).

[0029] By reading and executing the program P1, the arithmetic unit 14 realizes a target acquisition unit 110a, a general acquisition unit 110b, a reference determination unit 120, a rank determination unit 130, an information storage unit 140, and a rank output unit 150, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0030] The target acquisition unit 110a acquires target abnormality information regarding an abnormality that has occurred at a generation site U (for example, generation site U1 or generation site U2) where an abnormality can occur in the target working machine 20 from the target working machine 20 that should be the target of the ranking process. The target acquisition unit 110a stores the acquired target abnormality information in the information storage unit 140 as target abnormality information 1410.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 4, the target abnormality information 1410 stores, in association with each other, information that can identify the target working machine 20 (for example, the machine body ID of the target working machine 20), information that can identify the part where the abnormality has occurred (for example, the occurrence part ID), information that can identify the type of the abnormality (for example, the abnormality ID), and information on the date and time of occurrence.

[0032] The general acquisition unit 110b acquires general abnormality information 1420 regarding the abnormality information generated in each of the plurality of working machines 20 included in the working machine group 20a. For example, the general acquisition unit 110b receives, from the arithmetic unit 24 of the target working machine 20, the target abnormality information regarding the abnormality generated in the working machine 20. Then, the information storage unit 140 stores this information as the general abnormality information 1420.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 5, the general abnormality information 1420 stores, in association with each other, information that can identify the working machine 20 in which the abnormality has occurred among the plurality of working machines 20 (for example, the machine body ID), information that can identify the part where the abnormality has occurred (for example, the occurrence part ID), information that can identify the type of the abnormality (for example, the abnormality ID), and information on the date and time of occurrence.

[0034] The general acquisition unit 110b may create aggregated information 1430 that aggregates the occurrence status of abnormalities in each construction machine 20 based on the target abnormality information 1410 and the general abnormality information 1420. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the aggregated information 1430 includes information capable of specifying the type of abnormality (for example, an abnormality ID), the number of occurrences (cumulative number of occurrences) of abnormalities in a predetermined period (for example, one year, 30 days, etc.) in the target construction machine 20, and the ratio (occurrence ratio) of the number of times (for example, the first abnormality) that the abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times or more (for example, one or more times) among the plurality of construction machines 20 included in the construction machine group 20a. This occurrence ratio indicates the ratio between the number of the plurality of construction machines 20 and the number of construction machines 20 in which the abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times. The general acquisition unit 110b may update the aggregated information 1430 each time the general acquisition unit 110b acquires abnormality information. Alternatively, the general acquisition unit 110b may acquire the aggregated information 1430 from an external server (for example, the server of the manufacturer of the construction machine group 20a) that aggregates the aggregated information 1430.

[0035] The reference determination unit 120 is used to determine a reference value for determining a maintenance rank indicating the urgency of maintenance of an abnormality (for example, the first abnormality) in the target construction machine 20 based on the general abnormality information 1420.

[0036] The reference determination unit 120 determines a reference value for determining a maintenance rank based on the aggregated information 1430 aggregated based on the general abnormality information 1420 for the abnormality to be processed. Here, the reference determination unit 120 determines whether the ratio of the number of construction machines 20 in which this abnormality has occurred at least once (or a predetermined number of times or more) among the plurality of construction machines 20 included in the construction machine group 20a is less than a predetermined ratio threshold or greater than or equal to the ratio threshold, and determines the reference value based on the determination result.

[0037] The reference determination unit 120 refers to the aggregated information 1430 aggregated based on the general abnormality information 1420, and determines whether the abnormality occurs only in a number of working machines 20 that is less than the ratio threshold among the working machine group 20a (that is, an abnormality that occurs only in a small number among the working machine group 20a), or whether it occurs in a number of working machines 20 that is equal to or greater than the ratio threshold (that is, an abnormality that occurs in many of the working machines 20). Then, the reference determination unit 120 determines, as the reference value to be used for determining the maintenance rank, the reference value corresponding to the determination result from among a plurality of reference values including the first reference value and the second reference value. For example, as the reference information 1440, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of sets (for example, the first reference information D1 and the second reference information D2) of reference information in which the information storage unit 140 stores in advance threshold values for comparing the number of times with different numerical values are stored. When it is determined that the abnormality occurs only in a number of working machines 20 that is less than a predetermined ratio threshold among the working machine group 20a, the reference value indicated by the first reference information D1 (also referred to as the first reference value) is determined, and when it is determined that the abnormality occurs in a number of working machines 20 that is equal to or greater than the ratio threshold, the reference value indicated by the second reference information D2 (also referred to as the second reference value) is determined as the reference value to be used for rank determination.

[0038] As shown in, for example, FIG. 7, the first reference information D1 stores a plurality of first reference values (e.g., "L1 reference" to "L3 reference") to be compared with the "cumulative occurrence count" of the aggregated information 1430, in association with information for identifying an abnormality (e.g., an abnormality ID) for each of a plurality of abnormalities that may occur in the target working machine 20. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 8, the second reference information D2 also stores a plurality of second reference values (e.g., "L1 reference" to "L3 reference") to be compared with the "cumulative occurrence count" of the aggregated information 1430, in association with information for identifying an abnormality (e.g., an abnormality ID) for each of a plurality of abnormalities that may occur in the target working machine 20. The numerical values of the second reference values are different from those of the first reference values. Here, the "L1 reference" is a threshold value for determining whether the abnormality in the target working machine 20 of the abnormality is at the lowest level 0 in terms of severity and / or urgency, or at the next higher level 1, when compared with the "cumulative occurrence count". Similarly, the "L2 reference" is a threshold value for determining whether the severity and / or urgency of the abnormality is at level 1 or at the next higher level 2, when compared with the "cumulative occurrence count". Further, the "L3 reference" is a threshold value for determining whether the severity and / or urgency of the abnormality is at level 2 or at a higher level 3 (the highest rank in this embodiment) than level 2, when compared with the "cumulative occurrence count".

[0039] In this embodiment, when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred at least once (or a predetermined number of times or more) in the working machines 20 whose number is less than a predetermined ratio threshold among the group of working machines 20a, the reference value (first reference value) indicated by the first reference information D1 is determined as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank. On the other hand, when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the working machines 20 whose number is equal to or more than the predetermined ratio threshold among the group of working machines 20a, the reference value (second reference value) indicated by the second reference information D2 is determined as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank. In this embodiment, at least one or more of the L1 to L3 criteria included in the second reference value are higher in numerical value than the first reference value (L1 to L3 reference values) indicated by the first reference information D1. Therefore, for at least some of the possible cumulative occurrence times, when the rank determination unit 130 determines the maintenance rank by comparing with the first reference value indicated by the first reference information D1, it can determine a maintenance rank with higher urgency than when comparing with the second reference value indicated by the second reference information D2. In a modified example, for any cumulative occurrence times, the maintenance rank determined using the second reference value indicated by the second reference information D2 may be equal to or higher than the maintenance rank determined using the first reference value indicated by the first reference information D1.

[0040] The rank determination unit 130 shown in FIG. 3 uses the reference value determined by the reference determination unit 120 to determine the maintenance rank of the abnormality to be processed (for example, the first abnormality) that has occurred in the target working machine 20 based on the target abnormality information 1410. For example, the cumulative occurrence times of the first abnormality in the target working machine 20 within a predetermined period stored in the "cumulative occurrence times" of the aggregation information 1430 are compared with the frequency threshold of the reference information determined by the reference determination unit 120 to determine the maintenance rank of the abnormality.

[0041] The information storage unit 140 stores, for example, the target abnormality information 1410 acquired by the target acquisition unit 110a, the general abnormality information 1420 acquired by the general acquisition unit 110b, the aggregated information 1430 aggregated by the general acquisition unit 110b, and the reference information 1440. Note that the reference information 1440 includes the first reference information D1 and the second reference information D2. The information storage unit 140 outputs each stored piece of information to each functional part realized by the arithmetic unit 14 at the timing required by other functional parts of the information processing apparatus 10, such as the reference determination unit 120. Further, the information storage unit 140 updates or newly stores, as the target abnormality information 1410, the general abnormality information 1420, the aggregated information 1430, and the reference information 1440, the information generated or acquired as an operation result by other functional parts of the information processing apparatus 10.

[0042] The terminal device 30 shown in FIG. 1 includes an input / output device 32, an arithmetic unit 34, a communication device 36, and a storage device 28. Examples of the terminal device 30 may include, for example, a computer, a tablet, a mobile phone, and the like. Information for the arithmetic unit 34 to execute a process of displaying a screen based on the rank information is input to the input / output device 32. Further, the input / output device 32 outputs the result of the process executed by the arithmetic unit 34. The input / output device 32 includes various input devices and output devices, and includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a display, a speaker, a touch panel, and the like.

[0043] The communication device 36 is communicably connected to the network NT and communicates with each device (for example, the information processing apparatus 10, the machine tool 20, etc.) via the network NT. The communication device 36 transfers the information acquired from the information processing apparatus 10 to the arithmetic unit 34. Further, the communication device 36 transfers the information generated by the arithmetic unit 34 to the information processing apparatus 10. The communication device 36 includes various interfaces such as a transceiver used for wireless communication such as a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) and a cellular network, a NIC (Network Interface Card), and a USB (Universal Serial Bus).

[0044] The storage device 38 stores various data for displaying information representing the maintenance rank acquired from the information processing device 10, such as the program P2. The storage device 38 is used as a non-transitory tangible storage medium for storing the program P2. The program P2 may be provided as a computer program product recorded on a computer-readable storage medium M2. Or, the storage medium M2 may be a storage device of an external server that stores the program P2. In this case, the program P2 can be provided as a computer program product downloadable from the server.

[0045] By reading and executing the program P2, the arithmetic unit 34 realizes a display unit 310 that, as shown in FIG. 3, cooperates with the input / output device 22 to display information regarding the maintenance rank acquired from the information processing device 10.

[0046] When the arithmetic unit 14 of the information processing device 10 shown in FIG. 1 receives information indicating that the target abnormal information is output from the target work machine 20, for example, it reads and executes the program P1. By executing the program P1, the arithmetic unit 14 executes the process shown in FIG. 9 which is a part of the maintenance support method. In step S1002, the target acquisition unit 110a realized by the arithmetic unit 14 acquires the target abnormal information. For example, the communication device 26 of the work machine 20 outputs information regarding an abnormality that has occurred at its own part (for example, the occurrence part U1). Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the target acquisition unit 110a updates or newly generates the target abnormal information 1410 by registering the abnormal information included in the newly acquired abnormal information in the currently stored target abnormal information 1410.

[0047] In step S1004, the general acquisition unit 110b acquires general abnormality information 1420 including information regarding an abnormality of interest in the work machine group 20a. In the present embodiment, the general acquisition unit 110b reads out the general abnormality information 1420 that has been acquired in advance from the server of the manufacturer of the work machine group 20a and stored in the information storage unit 140. As another example, each time the general acquisition unit 110b receives the abnormality information output by all the work machines 20 included in the work machine group 20a, the general acquisition unit 110b registers the abnormality information included in the newly acquired abnormality information in the currently stored general abnormality information 1420, thereby updating or newly generating the general abnormality information 1420.

[0048] In step S1006, the reference determination unit 120 calculates an occurrence ratio based on the general abnormality information 1420 acquired in step S1004. For example, for each type of abnormality included in the general abnormality information 1420, within a predetermined period (for example, within one year, the period from the start of the current year to the time when the processing is being performed, etc.), the reference determination unit 120 totals the cumulative number of occurrences that have occurred in each work machine 20. Then, for each type of abnormality, the reference determination unit 120 calculates the ratio of the work machines 20 in which the total cumulative number of occurrences is equal to or more than a predetermined number (for example, one or more). Then, for each type of abnormality, in association with the information identifying the abnormality (for example, "abnormality ID"), the ratio of the work machines 20 in which the abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times or more among all the work machines 20 included in the work machine group 20a is stored as the "occurrence ratio" in FIG. 6.

[0049] Further, the reference determination unit 120 totals the number of occurrences of the first abnormality that has occurred in the target work machine 20 within a predetermined period (for example, within one year, the period from the start of the current year to the time when the processing is being performed, etc.) and stores it in the "cumulative number of occurrences" in FIG. 6. Also, for the second abnormality that has occurred at the occurrence site U1, the third abnormality and the fourth abnormality that have occurred at the occurrence site U2, after totaling the respective cumulative numbers of occurrences, the "cumulative number of occurrences" is calculated and stored separately.

[0050] In step S1008, the reference determination unit 120 determines whether the "occurrence ratio" of the first abnormality in the machine tool group 20a calculated in step S1006 is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio threshold (for example, 20%). This ratio threshold is set for each type of abnormality (for example, for each of the first to fourth abnormalities) by the user of the terminal device 30 using the input / output device 32 of the terminal device 30, for example.

[0051] When it is determined that the "occurrence ratio" of the first abnormality is less than the predetermined ratio threshold (step S1008; NO), the rank determination unit 130 determines, in step S1010a, the reference value for determining the maintenance rank to the first reference value indicated by the first reference information D1 (for example, the set of reference values stored in FIG. 7). On the other hand, when it is determined that the "occurrence ratio" of the first abnormality is equal to or greater than the predetermined ratio threshold (step S1008; YES), the rank determination unit 130 determines, in step S1010b, the reference value of the maintenance rank to the second reference value indicated by the second reference information D2 (for example, the set of reference values stored in FIG. 8).

[0052] Then, in step S1012, the rank determination unit 130 determines the maintenance rank of the first abnormality based on the reference value determined in step S1010a or step S1010b and the target abnormality information 1410. For example, the rank determination unit 130 determines whether the "cumulative occurrence count" of the first abnormality calculated based on the target abnormality information 1410 is greater than or less than any of the plurality of reference values included in the reference information (for example, the first reference information D1 or the second reference information D2) determined in step S1010a or step S1010b. Then, the rank determination unit 130 determines the ranking of the first abnormality based on the largest reference value among the plurality of reference values L1 to L3 of the first abnormality in the determined reference value, where the "cumulative occurrence count" is equal to or greater than that reference value.

[0053] For example, the rank determination unit 130 generates rank information regarding the maintenance rank as shown in, for example, FIG. 10. In the example of FIG. 10, the rank determination unit 130 associates information indicating the target work machine 20 (e.g., the machine body ID), information indicating the occurrence site of the target abnormality (occurrence site), and information indicating the content of the abnormality (abnormality content), and generates rank information indicating the maintenance rank determined by the rank determination unit 130.

[0054] Then, in step S1014 shown in FIG. 9, the rank determination unit 130 determines whether the processing from step S1008 to step S1012 has been completed for all the abnormalities to be processed. For example, it is determined whether the maintenance rank has been determined for all types of abnormalities (e.g., the first abnormality to the fourth abnormality) that can occur at a plurality of occurrence sites (e.g., occurrence site U1 and occurrence site U2) of the target work machine 20. If there are still unprocessed types of abnormalities (step S1014; NO), the process returns to step S1008, and the same process is repeated for the next type of abnormality. For example, each time the process from step S1008 to step S1014 is performed once, one line of the rank information shown in FIG. 10 is obtained and stored.

[0055] When it is determined that the processing for all abnormalities has been completed (step S1014; YES), the rank output unit 150 outputs the rank information shown in FIG. 10 in step S1016. For example, the rank output unit 150 outputs the rank information in FIG. 10 to the terminal device 30. Then, based on the rank information, the display unit 310 of the terminal device 30 displays a screen as shown in FIG. 11 that enables the user to grasp the urgency of maintenance for each type of abnormality that occurred in each working machine 20. In the example of FIG. 11, the display unit 310 associates information that can identify the working machine 20 ("airframe ID") with information that can identify the occurrence site U where the abnormality occurred (for example, "occurrence location ID" and "name"), the type of abnormality, and information that can identify the specific content of the abnormality (for example, "abnormality ID" and "error content"), information that can identify the number of times the abnormality occurred in that working machine 20 (for example, "number of occurrences in this machine"), and information that can identify the maintenance rank and its urgency (for example, "abnormality rank" and "judgment"), and displays them. Regarding the screen in FIG. 11, new information may be added or unnecessary information may be deleted based on user settings.

[0056] As described above, the maintenance support system 1 of the present embodiment determines a reference value for determining the maintenance rank for corresponding abnormalities that occurred not only in the target working machine 20 but also in the working machine group 20a including the target working machine 20. Therefore, the maintenance support system 1 can determine the rank of the abnormality with high accuracy.

[0057] (Second Embodiment) The maintenance support system 1 of the present embodiment is different from the maintenance support system 1 of the first embodiment in that the information processing device 10 executes the processing shown in FIG. 12 instead of the processing shown in FIG. 9. It is different from the first embodiment in that the information storage unit 140 further includes information as shown in FIG. 13 as the aggregated information 1430, and stores the second reference information D2 indicating the percentile value shown in FIG. 14 as the second reference information D2 of the reference information 1440.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 13, the aggregated information 1430 of the present embodiment includes information obtained by aggregating the number of occurrences of anomalies (e.g., the first anomaly to the fourth anomaly) for each of the plurality of working machines 20 included in the working machine group 20a during a predetermined period (e.g., one year, the period from the start of the current year to the time when the processing is being performed, etc.). Based on this aggregated information 1430, as shown in FIG. 15, the reference determination unit 120 generates a graph in the form of a histogram showing the number of working machines 20 in which the anomaly has occurred by the number of occurrences for each category of the number of occurrences of each anomaly. In FIG. 15, for each category of the number of occurrences, the number of working machines 20 in which the anomaly has occurred by the number of times within each category is indicated by a vertical bar, while the cumulative percentage value of the number of machines within the entire working machine group 20a is indicated by a black line. Note that in FIG. 15, the number of occurrences of the anomaly (444 times) in the target working machine 20 is indicated by arrow A1.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 14, the second reference information D2 of the present embodiment stores a plurality of percentile values as reference values (e.g., "L1 reference" to "L3 reference") in association with information for identifying anomalies (e.g., "anomaly ID") for each of the plurality of anomalies that can occur in the target working machine 20. Each percentile value is a threshold value that is compared with the cumulative percentage value of the histogram in FIG. 15 in order to determine the maintenance rank. Specifically, all the working machines 20 included in the working machine group 20a are arranged in the histogram in ascending order of the cumulative number of occurrences, and the position of the target working machine 20 in the histogram is determined. For example, when the reference L1 is 20%, the reference L2 is 40%, and the reference L3 is 60%, if the number of occurrences of the target working machine 20 is less than the lower 20% within the working machine group 20a, the maintenance rank is determined to be level 0, if it is 40% or more and less than 60%, the maintenance rank is determined to be level 2, and if it is 60% or more, the maintenance rank is determined to be level 3.

[0060] When the arithmetic unit 14 of the information processing apparatus 10 receives information indicating that target abnormality information is output from the target construction machine 20, for example, it reads and executes the program P1. By executing the program P1, the arithmetic unit 14 executes the process shown in FIG. 12, which is part of the maintenance support method. In step S2002, similar to step S1002 in FIG. 9, the target acquisition unit 110a acquires the target abnormality information. Next, in step S2004, similar to step S1004 in FIG. 9, the general acquisition unit 110b acquires general abnormality information 1420 including information regarding the abnormality of the target in the construction machine group 20a.

[0061] In step S2006, similar to step S1006 in FIG. 9, the reference determination unit 120 calculates the occurrence ratio based on the general abnormality information 1420 acquired in step S2004. In step S2006, the reference determination unit 120 generates aggregation information 1430 as shown in FIG. 13.

[0062] Then, in step S2008, similar to step S1008 in FIG. 9, the reference determination unit 120 determines whether the "occurrence ratio" of the first abnormality in the construction machine group 20a calculated in step S2006 is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio threshold (for example, 20%).

[0063] When it is determined that the "occurrence ratio" of the first abnormality is less than a predetermined ratio threshold (step S2008; NO), the rank determination unit 130 determines, in step S2010a, a reference value for determining the maintenance rank as a first reference value to be compared with the cumulative occurrence count (for example, the first reference value indicated by the first reference information D1 stored in FIG. 8). On the other hand, when it is determined that the ratio is equal to or greater than the predetermined ratio threshold (step S2008; YES), the rank determination unit 130 determines, in step S2010b, a reference value for determining the maintenance rank as the percentile value indicated by the second reference information D2 (step S2010b). This percentile value indicates the position of the target working machine 20 in terms of percentage when the plurality of working machines 20 included in the working machine group 20a are arranged in ascending order of the cumulative occurrence count of the first abnormality, counted from the lower rank of the cumulative occurrence count among all the plurality of working machines 20. To determine this cumulative percentage value, in the present embodiment, in step S2010b, the rank determination unit 130 further totals, for each category of the occurrence count of the abnormality (for example, occurrence counts of 0 to 10, 11 to 20, etc.), the number of working machines 20 in which the abnormality has occurred by that occurrence count. This total result corresponds to a histogram as shown in, for example, FIG. 15. For example, the rank determination unit 130 can obtain the cumulative percentage value from the cumulative number of units up to the category of the occurrence count to which the target working machine 20 indicated by the arrow A1 belongs from the occurrence count of 0 and the total number of working machines 20 included in the working machine group 20a.

[0064] Then, in step S2012, the rank determination unit 130 determines the maintenance rank of the first abnormality based on the reference value determined in step S2010a or step S2010b and the target abnormality information 1410.

[0065] When the rank determination unit 130 determines the first reference value included in the first reference information D1 in step S2010a, it determines the maintenance rank in step S2012 in the same manner as in step S1012.

[0066] When the rank determination unit 130 determines the second reference information D2 in step S2010b, it compares the cumulative percentage value of the target working machine 20 obtained in step S2010b with the percentile value indicated by the determined second reference information D2. Then, among the plurality of reference values ("L1 reference" to "L3 reference") for the first abnormality among the determined percentile values, the rank determination unit 130 determines the maintenance rank of the abnormality based on the largest reference value for which the "cumulative percentage value" is equal to or greater than that reference value.

[0067] Then, in step S2014, the rank determination unit 130 determines whether the process has ended in the same manner as in step S1014. If there are still types of abnormalities that have not been processed (step S2014; NO), it returns to step S2008 and repeats the same process for the next type of abnormality. On the other hand, when it is determined that the process has ended for all abnormalities (step S2014; YES), the rank output unit 150 outputs rank information in the same manner as in step S1016 in step S2016. Then, based on this rank information, the display unit 310 of the terminal device 30 displays a screen as shown in FIG. 11 that allows the user to grasp the maintenance rank. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, the display unit 310 also displays a histogram showing the number of working machines 20 in which abnormalities have occurred by the cumulative occurrence times for each category of the cumulative occurrence times among the plurality of working machines 20 in the working machine group 20a. As shown by the arrow A1 in FIG. 15, it is displayed so that it can be grasped which position of the histogram the target working machine 20 corresponds to.

[0068] According to the present embodiment, for abnormalities occurring in a proportion of the working machines 20 in the working machine group 20a that is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, the maintenance rank can be determined based on the position of the target working machine 20 in the cumulative percentage value of the histogram. Therefore, since the maintenance rank can be determined by reflecting the occurrence status of abnormalities in the working machine group 20a, the maintenance rank can be accurately determined.

[0069] (Modification example) The configurations described in the embodiments are merely examples, and the configurations can be changed as long as the functions are not impaired. For example, the abnormality information of the working machine 20 may be transmitted to the information processing apparatus 10 by any method. For example, the abnormality information may be stored in a storage medium, such as a USB memory, from the working machine 20 and transmitted to the information processing apparatus 10 via the terminal device 30. Further, the abnormality information may be transmitted from the communication device 330 of the working machine 20 to another working machine 20 using wireless communication capable of short-distance communication, and transmitted to the information processing apparatus 10 via the other working machine 20.

[0070] The group of working machines 20a is not limited to working machines of the same type, and may include working machines having the same or corresponding occurrence site U as the target working machine 20, in other words, a plurality of arbitrary working machines 20 in which the same or corresponding types of abnormalities may occur.

[0071] In the second embodiment, when the target abnormality occurrence rate is equal to or higher than the rate threshold, the percentile value is determined, and when it is less than the rate threshold, the first reference value is determined as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and when the target abnormality occurrence rate is less than the rate threshold, the percentile value may be determined, and when it is equal to or higher than the rate threshold, the first reference value may be determined as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank. Alternatively, when the target abnormality occurrence rate is equal to or higher than the rate threshold, the first percentile value may be determined, and when it is less than the rate threshold, a second percentile value different from the first percentile value may be determined as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank.

[0072] Also, in the above embodiment, the reference values for determining the maintenance rank are determined from the first reference value and the second reference value. However, the reference values for determining the maintenance rank may be determined from three or more options. In this case, for example, in addition to the first reference information D1 in FIG. 7 and the second reference information D2 in FIG. 8, the information storage unit 140 stores, as reference information 1440, third reference information indicating a percentile value as shown in FIG. 14. Then, in step S1008 of FIG. 9, when the occurrence rate of the target abnormality is less than the first rate threshold, the reference value indicated by the first reference information D1, when it is equal to or greater than the first rate threshold and less than the second rate threshold, the reference value indicated by the second reference information D2, and when it is equal to or greater than the second rate threshold, the percentile value indicated by the third reference information are each determined as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank. Then, the rank determination unit 130 may determine the maintenance rank using the determined reference value in step S1012.

[0073] Also, in the above embodiment, the rate threshold used to determine the reference value for determining the maintenance rank is determined by the user's setting. However, the rate threshold may be determined by other methods. As an example, when the manufacturer of the work machine 20 determines the value of the rate threshold for each abnormality based on the occurrence rate of abnormalities in the entire work machine group 20a during a predetermined period (for example, one year), the rate threshold may be acquired from the manufacturer's server.

[0074] Also, in Embodiment 2, the rank determination unit 130 obtained the cumulative percentage value from the cumulative number of units obtained by accumulating the number of units from the occurrence count of 0 to the occurrence count category to which the target work machine 20 belongs, and the total number of work machines 20 included in the work machine group 20a. However, the rank determination unit 130 is not limited to this, and may obtain the cumulative percentage value from the cumulative number of occurrences of the target work machine 20, which indicates which number from the bottom in terms of the cumulative number of occurrences among the plurality of work machines 20 included in the work machine group 20a, and the total number of work machines 20 included in the work machine group 20a.

[0075] The embodiments and modifications described above are examples, and the configurations described in each embodiment and modification may be arbitrarily changed or / and arbitrarily combined within the range that does not inhibit the functions. Further, if the required functions can be realized, some of the functions described in the embodiments and modifications may be omitted. For example, the maintenance support system 1 may not include the terminal device 30. Alternatively, some of the processes performed by the information processing device 10 may be performed by the terminal device 30. Further, the terminal device 30 may undertake all the functions of the information processing device 10. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is determined by the scope of the claims described later.

Explanation of Signs

[0076] 1 : Maintenance support system 10 : Information processing device 12 : Input / output device 14 : Arithmetic device 16 : Communication device 18 : Storage device 110a : Target acquisition unit 110b : General acquisition unit 120 : Reference determination unit 130 : Rank determination unit 140 : Information storage unit 1410 : Target abnormality information 1420 : General abnormality information 1430 : Aggregate information 1440 : Reference information 150 : Rank output unit 20 : Machine tool 20a : Group of machine tools 22 : Input / output device 24 : Arithmetic device 26 : Communication device 28 : Storage device 30 : Terminal device 32 : Input / output device 34 : Arithmetic device 36 : Communication device 38 : Storage device 310 : Display unit M1-M3: Storage medium P1 - P3: Program S1: First Sensor S2: Second Sensor U1: Generation Site U2; Generation Site D1: First Reference Information D2: Second Reference Information NT: Network

Claims

1. A maintenance support method executed in a maintenance support system constructed by a computer, comprising: obtaining target abnormality information including information regarding the occurrence of a first abnormality that has occurred in a target working machine among a plurality of working machines each having a location where the first abnormality can occur; obtaining general abnormality information including information regarding the occurrence of the first abnormality that has occurred in the plurality of working machines; determining a reference value for determining a maintenance rank of the first abnormality at the occurrence location of the target working machine based on the obtained general abnormality information; determining a maintenance rank of the occurrence location of the target working machine based on the target abnormality information using the determined reference value; outputting the determined maintenance rank; wherein the step of determining the reference value includes determining an occurrence ratio indicating a ratio of the number of the plurality of working machines and the number of working machines in which the first abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times or more among the plurality of working machines based on the obtained general abnormality information; determining the reference value based on the determined occurrence ratio; and a maintenance support method.

2. At the occurrence location, a second abnormality different from the first abnormality can occur, the general abnormality information further includes information regarding the second abnormality that has occurred in the target working machine, the general abnormality information further includes information regarding the occurrence of the second abnormality that has occurred in the plurality of working machines, the step of determining the reference value includes determining the reference value for determining the maintenance rank for each of the first abnormality and the second abnormality; determining the maintenance rank includes determining the maintenance rank for the first abnormality and the second abnormality using the reference values determined for the first abnormality and the second abnormality; and the maintenance support method according to Claim 1.

3. The step of determining the reference value based on the determined occurrence ratio includes when the determined occurrence ratio is less than a predetermined ratio threshold, determining a first reference value as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank, and when the occurrence ratio is greater than or equal to the ratio threshold, determining a second reference value as the reference value for determining the maintenance rank. The step of determining the maintenance rank includes: determining, based on the target abnormal information, the cumulative occurrence times of the first abnormality occurring at the occurrence site of the target working machine; comparing the cumulative occurrence times with the determined first reference value or the second reference value to determine the maintenance rank; and The maintenance support method according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The step of comparing the cumulative occurrence times with the determined first reference value or the second reference value to determine the maintenance rank includes, for at least some of the possible numerical values of the cumulative occurrence times, when determining the maintenance rank by comparing with the first reference value, determining a maintenance rank with a higher urgency than when comparing with the second reference value. The maintenance support method according to claim 3.

5. The step of determining the reference value based on the determined occurrence ratio includes: determining, based on the target abnormal information, the cumulative occurrence times of the first abnormality occurring in the target working machine; when the determined occurrence ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio threshold, determining, as the reference value, a percentile value to be compared with the cumulative percentile value indicating what percentage position the target working machine is in from the bottom in terms of the cumulative occurrence times in all of the plurality of working machines when the plurality of working machines are arranged in ascending order of the cumulative occurrence times of the first abnormality; and The maintenance support method according to claim 1 or 2.

6. The step of determining the reference value based on the determined occurrence ratio includes: determining, based on the target abnormal information, the cumulative occurrence times of the first abnormality occurring at the occurrence site of the target working machine; when the determined occurrence ratio is less than a predetermined ratio threshold, determining, as the reference value to be compared with the cumulative occurrence times, the reference value for determining the maintenance rank; and The maintenance support method according to claim 5.

7. A target acquisition unit that acquires target abnormal information including information on the occurrence of an abnormality that has occurred in a target working machine among a plurality of working machines each having an occurrence site where an abnormality can occur; A general acquisition unit that acquires general abnormal information including information on the occurrence of the abnormality that has occurred in a plurality of working machines including the target working machine; A reference determination unit that determines a reference value for determining a maintenance rank of the abnormality at the occurrence site of the target working machine based on the general abnormality information acquired by the general acquisition unit; A rank determination unit that determines a maintenance rank of the occurrence site of the target working machine based on the target abnormality information using the reference value determined by the reference determination unit; A rank output unit that outputs the maintenance rank determined by the rank determination unit; Comprising; The reference determination unit, Based on the acquired general abnormality information, determines an occurrence ratio indicating the ratio of the number of the plurality of working machines and the number of working machines in which the abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times or more among the plurality of working machines; Based on the determined occurrence ratio, determines the reference value; Is configured as follows, An information processing apparatus.

8. A maintenance support system including a target working machine and an information processing apparatus, The target working machine, An occurrence site where an abnormality may occur; A detection unit that detects a physical state of the occurrence site; An abnormality output unit that outputs target abnormality information including information on the occurred abnormality generated based on the information on the physical state detected by the detection unit; Comprising; The information processing apparatus, A target acquisition unit that acquires the target abnormality information output by the abnormality output unit; A general acquisition unit that acquires general abnormality information including information on the occurrence of the abnormality occurring in a plurality of working machines including the target working machine; A reference determination unit that determines a reference value for determining a maintenance rank of the abnormality at the occurrence site of the target working machine based on the general abnormality information acquired by the general acquisition unit; A rank determination unit that determines a maintenance rank of the occurrence site of the target working machine based on the target abnormality information using the reference value determined by the reference determination unit; A rank output unit that outputs the maintenance rank determined by the rank determination unit; Comprising; The reference determination unit, Based on the acquired general abnormality information, determines an occurrence ratio indicating the ratio of the number of the plurality of working machines and the number of working machines in which the abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times or more among the plurality of working machines; Based on the determined occurrence ratio, determines the reference value; Is configured as follows, A maintenance support system.

9. In the information processing apparatus, Obtaining target abnormality information including information regarding the occurrence of an abnormality that has occurred in a target working machine among a plurality of working machines each having a generation site where an abnormality can occur; Obtaining general abnormality information including information regarding the occurrence of the abnormality that has occurred in the plurality of working machines; Determining a reference value for determining a maintenance rank of the abnormality at the generation site of the target working machine based on the obtained general abnormality information; Determining a maintenance rank of the generation site of the target working machine based on the target abnormality information using the determined reference value; Outputting the determined maintenance rank; A program for causing the above to be executed, Determining the reference value is Based on the obtained general abnormality information, determining an occurrence ratio indicating a ratio of the number of the plurality of working machines and the number of working machines in which the abnormality has occurred a predetermined number of times or more among the plurality of working machines; Determining the reference value based on the determined occurrence ratio; Including Program.

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