Battery module and battery system

Abstract

To provide a battery module that is easily assembled and adaptable to various members of a product line for different application fields.SOLUTION: A battery module includes a liquid-tight battery housing and a plurality of cell assemblies. The battery housing includes front and back plates, a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and at least two housing interfaces. The fluid inlet is provided on the front plate to allow fluid to flow into the battery housing. The fluid outlet is provided on the front plate to allow fluid to flow out of the battery housing. The at least two housing interfaces are provided on the front plate. Each of the plurality of cell assemblies has at least two assembly electrodes and a flow control member. The plurality of assembly electrodes are connected to one of the cell connectors, and the flow control member is disposed between two of the plurality of cell assemblies.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates generally to battery modules, and more particularly to immersion cooled battery modules and battery systems. [Background technology]

[0002] The development of electric vehicles is progressing rapidly. To improve the fast charging and slow discharging capabilities, it is important to manage the heat generated during the charging and discharging process. It is known that battery cells may be immersed in a thermal management liquid for thermal management purposes. It is also known to use a combination of multiple immersion-cooled battery modules to form a battery pack. A modular configuration has the advantage that the battery pack can be formed into a variety of shapes because it is made up of battery modules. This makes it convenient to adopt the battery pack in various types of vehicles, especially when the available space for the battery pack is limited.

[0003] Currently, there are two types of conventional immersion-cooled battery packs: modular immersion-cooled battery packs and non-modular immersion-cooled battery packs. Non-modular immersion-cooled battery packs often contain multiple cell assemblies in a single large liquid tank, which can make the battery pack large and heavy. Therefore, non-modular immersion-cooled battery packs are difficult to apply to vehicle platforms of various sizes. Modularized immersion-cooled battery packs have been able to solve the aforementioned problems of non-modular cooled battery packs by modularizing the liquid tank (e.g., by enclosing each cell assembly in an independent liquid container). In modularized immersion-cooled battery packs, a cell holder is configured to hold multiple battery cells to form cell assemblies in one battery module. The battery module housing functions as a container for the cell assemblies and the thermal management liquid. However, modularized immersion-cooled battery packs may require more connectors (e.g., electrical, mechanical, and liquid connectors) between modules. Therefore, manufacturing a conventional modularized immersion-cooled battery pack can be problematic due to additional material costs, complex manufacturing processes, and potential reliability issues associated with such battery packs. Furthermore, another problem with conventional modularized immersion-cooled battery packs is that various specification parameters associated with the battery, such as overall size, shape, voltage, and current, may not be the same for various battery applications. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the immersion cooled battery modules may include modules that are easily assembled (eg, during a manufacturing process) and adaptable to various members of a product line for different applications. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a battery module includes a battery housing including a front plate, a fluid inlet provided on the front plate for allowing fluid to flow into the battery housing, a fluid outlet provided on the front plate for allowing the fluid to flow out of the battery housing, and a plurality of housing interfaces provided on the front plate, and a plurality of cell assemblies attached to the battery housing, each having a plurality of assembly electrodes, each of the plurality of assembly electrodes being coupled to one of the plurality of housing interfaces and electrically exposed to the outside of the front plate.

[0006] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the battery housing further includes one or more flow control members, each of the one or more flow control members being disposed between two of the plurality of cell assemblies and controlling the fluid flow through a fluid passage between the two of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0007] In another embodiment of the first aspect, one of the one or more flow control members includes a seal member adjacent to the front plate to block a front passage between two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0008] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the front passage includes a first front opening adjacent to the front plate and located on a lower surface of one of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies, and a second front opening corresponding to the first front opening and located on an upper surface of the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies, and the sealing member covers the first front opening and the second front opening to prevent the fluid from flowing through the front passage adjacent to the front plate.

[0009] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the fluid passage further includes a first rear opening located away from the front plate and on a lower surface of one of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies, and a second rear opening facing the first rear opening and on an upper surface of the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies, and the sealing member is located away from the first rear opening and the second rear opening to allow fluid to flow through the fluid passage located away from the front plate.

[0010] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the seal member is provided on the front plate and includes a stopper that blocks the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0011] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the sealing member includes a partition member inserted into the battery housing and blocking the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0012] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the battery housing further includes a rear plate opposite the front plate in the battery housing, and each of the one or more flow control members is positioned adjacent to one of the front plate and the rear plate and spaced apart from the other of the front plate and the rear plate.

[0013] In another embodiment of the first aspect, when the number of the one or more flow control members is greater than one, one of the plurality of cell assemblies is sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members, and when one of the two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members is adjacent to the rear plate, the other of the two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members is adjacent to the front plate.

[0014] In another embodiment of the first aspect, one of the one or more flow control members is a partition member inserted between two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies to separate the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies from each other, wherein the fluid passage is kept unblocked by a partition opening of the partition member, and the fluid flows from one of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies to the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies through the partition opening.

[0015] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the battery housing further includes a rear plate facing the front plate in the battery housing, and the partition opening of the partition member is located away from the front plate and adjacent to the rear plate.

[0016] In another embodiment of the first aspect, when the number of one or more flow control members is greater than one, a particular one of the plurality of cell assemblies is sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members, each of the two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members including a partition opening for allowing the fluid to flow through the partition opening, and when the partition opening of one of the two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members is located away from the front plate, the partition opening of the other of the two adjacent flow control members of the one or more flow control members is adjacent to the front plate.

[0017] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the plurality of housing interfaces include a plurality of interface holes located in the front plate, and each of the plurality of assembly electrodes is exposed to the outside of the front plate through one of the plurality of interface holes.

[0018] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the plurality of housing interfaces includes a plurality of connector interfaces located on the front plate, and each of the plurality of assembly electrodes is electrically coupled to one of the plurality of connector interfaces.

[0019] In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of housing interfaces is respectively coupled to at least one of the plurality of assembly electrodes.

[0020] In another embodiment of the first aspect, when a particular one of the plurality of housing interfaces is coupled to more than one assembly electrode of a plurality of assembly electrodes, the particular one of the plurality of housing interfaces further includes more than one interface region, each of the more than one interface region being coupled to one of the more than one assembly electrodes of the plurality of assembly electrodes.

[0021] In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of cell assemblies further includes a monitoring member having a first wiring member and a second wiring member, the first wiring member and the second wiring member being respectively coupled to one of an upper cell holder and a lower cell holder that support a plurality of battery cells of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0022] In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is connected to one of a cooling system and an additional module, the additional module being the same as the battery module.

[0023] In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of cell assemblies includes a plurality of battery cells, a lower cell holder attached below the plurality of battery cells, an upper cell holder, and at least one lower connector plate, a lower connector member attached below the lower cell holder and connected to the plurality of battery cells, and at least one upper connector plate, an upper connector member attached to the upper cell holder and connected to the plurality of battery cells, and two battery covers, wherein the plurality of battery cells are sandwiched between the upper cell holder and the lower cell holder, two of the at least one lower connector plate and the at least one upper connector plate are output connectors, each coupled to one of the plurality of housing interfaces, and the at least one lower connector plate and the at least one upper connector plate are sandwiched between the two battery covers.

[0024] In another embodiment of the first aspect, at least one of the lower connector member or the upper connector member includes a plurality of connector holes, and a plurality of connection members connect the plurality of battery cells to the at least one of the lower connector member or the upper connector member via the plurality of connector holes.

[0025] In another embodiment of the first aspect, at least one of the lower cell holder or the upper cell holder includes a plurality of holder holes each aligned with one of the plurality of connector holes, and the plurality of connector members connect the plurality of battery cells to the at least one of the lower connector member or the upper connector member via the plurality of connector holes and the plurality of holder holes.

[0026] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the battery enclosure further includes a battery housing having a plurality of rails on an inner surface of the battery housing, and each of the plurality of cell assemblies further includes a plurality of rib members, and the plurality of cell assemblies are removably attached to the battery enclosure by sliding the plurality of rib members onto the plurality of rails.

[0027] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the battery housing further includes a plurality of protrusions provided on the front plate, and the plurality of protrusions of the battery housing are removably connected to a plurality of protrusions of an additional housing of an additional module, connecting the battery module to the additional module.

[0028] In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of cell assemblies includes N battery cells, and the N battery cells are arranged into a plurality of battery groups to control current of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0029] In another embodiment of the first aspect, a system casing has a sidewall and is removably connected to the battery module and a plurality of additional modules, and further includes a casing inlet provided in the sidewall for allowing the fluid to flow into the system casing, a casing outlet provided in the sidewall for allowing the fluid to flow out of the system casing, and two casing interfaces provided in the sidewall.

[0030] In another embodiment of the first aspect, the system casing further includes a plurality of casing passages, a first casing passage of the plurality of casing passages connected to the casing inlet and one of the battery module and the plurality of additional modules, a second casing passage of the plurality of casing passages connected to the casing outlet and the battery module and one of the plurality of additional modules, and another casing passage of the plurality of casing passages connected to the battery module and two other modules of the plurality of additional modules.

[0031] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a battery module further comprises a battery housing, a plurality of cell assemblies attached to the battery housing, each cell assemblies having a plurality of assembly electrodes, and a battery plate coupled to the battery housing and covering the plurality of cell assemblies, and a plurality of housing interfaces provided on an outer surface of the battery plate, wherein the plurality of assembly electrodes of the plurality of cell assemblies are each coupled to one of the plurality of housing interfaces and electrically exposed to the outside of the outer surface.

[0032] In another embodiment of the second aspect, the battery plate further includes a fluid inlet provided on the outer surface of the battery plate for allowing fluid to enter the battery housing, and a fluid outlet provided on the outer surface of the battery plate for allowing the fluid to exit the battery housing.

[0033] Embodiments of the second aspect further include all embodiments of the first aspect.

[0034] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a battery system includes a system casing including a sidewall, a casing inlet provided on the sidewall for allowing a fluid to flow into the system casing, a casing outlet provided on the sidewall for allowing the fluid to flow out of the system casing, and two casing interfaces provided on the sidewall; and a plurality of battery modules, each including a battery housing and a plurality of cell assemblies, wherein for each of the plurality of battery modules, each of the plurality of cell assemblies has a plurality of assembly electrodes and is attached to the battery housing, the plurality of assembly electrodes being electrically coupled to the two casing interfaces, and the battery housing includes an outer surface and a plurality of housing interfaces (preferably at least four) provided on the outer surface, each coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of assembly electrodes of the plurality of cell assemblies.

[0035] Embodiments of the third aspect further include all embodiments of the first aspect. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0036] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary flow control member of the battery module shown in FIG. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary flow control member of the battery module shown in FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary flow path of the battery module shown in FIG. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary flow path of the battery module shown in FIG. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A shows a perspective view of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4B]FIG. 4B shows a perspective view of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows a partial exploded view of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6A] FIG. 6A shows a side view of the cell assembly and front plate shown in FIG. 5 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B shows an expanded view of area A shown in FIG. 6A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows a partial exploded view of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A] FIG. 8A shows a side view of the cell assembly, flow control member, and front plate shown in FIG. 7 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8B] FIG. 8B shows an expanded view of area B shown in FIG. 8A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9A] FIG. 9A shows a side view of the cell assembly, flow control member, and front plate shown in FIG. 7 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary flow control member having a septum opening, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9C] FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram of an exemplary flow control member having a septum opening, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of the two cell assemblies shown in FIG. 5 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of the cell assembly shown in FIG. 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the upper cell holder shown in FIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13A] FIG. 13A shows a perspective view of the lower connector member and the upper connector member shown in FIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13B]FIG. 13B shows a perspective view of the lower connector member and the upper connector member shown in FIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14A] FIG. 14A shows an exploded view of the cell assembly shown in FIG. 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14B] FIG. 14B shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary electrical connection of a battery cell, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary connection relationship between the lower connector member and the upper connector member shown in FIG. 14A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16A] FIG. 16A shows a perspective view of the battery housing shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16B] FIG. 16B shows a front view of the battery housing and front plate shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16C] FIG. 16C shows a front view of the battery housing and front plate shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 shows a front view of the two battery housings shown in FIG. 16B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18A] FIG. 18A shows a perspective view of a cell assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18B] FIG. 18B shows a front view of the battery housing shown in FIG. 16B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19A] FIG. 19A shows a partial enlarged view of the right side of the cell assembly shown in FIG. 18A according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19B] FIG. 19B shows an enlarged view of area C shown in FIG. 19A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of a battery system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the battery system shown in FIG. 20 without the system cover, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of some elements in the battery system shown in FIG. 20 to illustrate the electrical connections of the battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of some elements in the battery system shown in FIG. 20 to illustrate fluid flow in the battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] The present disclosure will be better understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The following disclosure contains specific information related to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The drawings in this disclosure and their accompanying detailed disclosure are directed to exemplary embodiments only. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Other variations and embodiments of the present disclosure will occur to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise described, like or corresponding elements in the drawings may be indicated by like or corresponding reference numerals. Furthermore, the drawings and illustrations in this disclosure are generally not to scale and are not intended to correspond to actual relative dimensions.

[0039] For consistency and ease of understanding, like features are identified by numerals in the exemplary drawings (although in some instances not shown). However, features in different embodiments may differ in other respects and therefore should not be narrowly limited to those shown in the drawings.

[0040] In this disclosure, phrases such as "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," and the like are used, which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. The term "coupled" is defined as directly or indirectly connected through intervening parts, and is not necessarily limited to a physical connection. The term "comprising" means "including, but not necessarily limited to," and specifically indicates an open-ended inclusion or membership in the above combinations, groups, series, and the like.

[0041] Also, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details of functional entities, techniques, protocols, standards, etc. are set forth to provide an understanding of the described technology. In other instances, detailed disclosure of well-known methods, techniques, systems, architectures, etc. is omitted so as not to obscure the present disclosure with unnecessary detail.

[0042] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary battery module 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 10 includes a battery housing 100 and a plurality of cell assemblies attached to the battery housing 100. Instead of providing each cell assembly with its own housing for containing the thermal management liquid, multiple cell assemblies are included in a single housing. For example, in FIG. 1 , the illustrated embodiment of battery module 10 includes cell assemblies 110, 120, 130, and 140 installed in a single battery housing 100. For example, in the present disclosure, if each module has two cell assemblies, only one liquid connector is required for four cell assemblies between two battery modules. In a conventional modular immersion-cooled battery system, such as a battery module having one cell assembly each with a housing, the number of liquid connectors or channel structures required to connect the four cell assemblies is three. The design of the present disclosure effectively reduces the number of liquid connectors required. The battery housing 100 may have a front plate 101 and a back plate 102. The battery housing 100 may further include a fluid inlet 151, a fluid outlet 152, and a plurality of housing interfaces. In some embodiments, the battery housing 100 may further include a battery housing (not shown) covered by two battery plates (e.g., the front plate 101 and the back plate 102), and the cell assembly may be attached to the battery housing. The battery housing, the front plate 101, and the back plate 102 combine as a liquid-tight battery housing 100. In some embodiments, fluid inlet 151 may be provided at a bottom of front plate 101, and fluid outlet 152 may be provided at an top of front plate 101. Thus, fluid may enter battery module 10 from the bottom and exit battery module 10 from the top of battery module 10. Fluid inlet 151 and fluid outlet 152 are configured to be connected to a liquid thermal management system (not shown), which may include, for example, a pump, a liquid tank, and a heat exchanger for circulating a thermal management liquid.

[0043] In some embodiments, the number of cell assemblies may be two or more. For example, the number of cell assemblies may be equal to two, three, four, or other positive number. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the number of cell assemblies may be equal to four, and the cell assemblies may be first through fourth cell assemblies 110-140. In some embodiments, the number of housing interfaces may be two or more but equal to or greater than the number of cell assemblies. For example, the number of housing interfaces may be equal to two, three, four, five, six, or other positive number. In FIG. 1, the number of housing interfaces may be equal to eight, and the housing interfaces may be first through eighth housing interfaces 1011-1018. Also, in FIG. 1, the number of housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be twice the number of cell assemblies 110-140 because each cell assembly 110-140 can accommodate two of the housing interfaces 1011-1018.

[0044] In some embodiments, a fluid inlet 151 may be provided on the front plate 101 to allow fluid to enter the battery housing 100. A fluid outlet 152 may be provided on the front plate 101 to allow fluid to exit the battery housing 100. In some embodiments, the fluid inlet 151 may be provided on an outer surface of the front plate 101 to allow fluid to enter the battery housing 100, and the fluid outlet 152 may be provided on an outer surface of the front plate 101 to allow fluid to exit the battery housing 100. The battery module 10 may be coupled to a fluid-cooled thermal management system (not shown). Fluid may enter the battery module 10 from the fluid-cooled thermal management system through the fluid inlet 151. When fluid enters the battery module 10, the cell assemblies 110-140 may be immersed in the fluid. The fluid-cooled thermal management system may use the fluid to control the temperature of the battery module 10 and prevent the battery module 10 from overheating. After flowing throughout the battery module 10, the fluid may exit the battery module 10 through the fluid outlet 152 and return to the fluid-cooled thermal management system.

[0045] In some embodiments, the housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be provided on the front plate 101. In some embodiments, the housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be provided on the outer surface of the front plate 101. Also, each cell assembly 110-140 may have multiple assembly electrodes. In some embodiments, the number of assembly electrodes in one of the cell assemblies may be two or more. For example, the number of assembly electrodes in one of the cell assemblies may be equal to two, four, six, or other positive number. As shown in FIG. 1 , the number of assembly electrodes in one of the cell assemblies 110-140 may be equal to two. Thus, the first cell assembly 110 may have a first assembly electrode 1101 and a second assembly electrode 1102, the second cell assembly 120 may have a third assembly electrode 1201 and a fourth assembly electrode 1202, the third cell assembly 130 may have a fifth assembly electrode 1301 and a sixth assembly electrode 1302, and the fourth cell assembly 140 may have a seventh assembly electrode 1401 and an eighth assembly electrode 1402.

[0046] In some embodiments, each assembly electrode may be coupled to one of the housing interfaces, and each housing interface may be coupled to one of the assembly electrodes. Thus, if the number of assembly electrodes in each cell assembly is two, the number of housing interfaces may be twice the number of cell assemblies. As shown in FIG. 1 , each of the assembly electrodes 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402 may be coupled to only one of the housing interfaces 1011-1018, and each of the housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be coupled to only one of the assembly electrodes 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402. Thus, the number of housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be twice the number of cell assemblies 110-140.

[0047] In some embodiments, each housing interface may be coupled to at least one assembly electrode. When a particular one of the housing interfaces is coupled to more than one assembly electrode, the particular housing interface may further include more than one interface region. Each of the more than one interface region of the particular housing interface may be coupled to one of the more than one assembly electrodes. For example, the particular housing interface may have two interface regions and be coupled to two assembly electrodes. Thus, each of the two interface regions of the particular housing interface may be coupled to one of the two assembly electrodes. Thus, the number of housing interfaces in the battery module 10 may be equal to 2, 3, 4, 5, or any other positive number. For example, the battery module 10 may include two cell assemblies 110 and 120 and three housing interfaces. In some embodiments, one of the two assembly electrodes in cell assembly 110 may be coupled to one of the three housing interfaces, one of the two assembly electrodes in cell assembly 120 may be coupled to another of the three housing interfaces, and the other of the two assembly electrodes in cell assembly 110 and the other of the two assembly electrodes in cell assembly 120 may both be coupled to the last of the three housing interfaces. In some embodiments, the size of a housing interface coupled to one or more assembly electrodes may be larger than the size of another housing interface coupled to only one assembly electrode.

[0048] In some embodiments, the assembly electrodes may be exposed outside the front plate 101. In some embodiments, the assembly electrodes may be exposed outside the outer surface of the front plate 101. In some embodiments, the housing interface may be a plurality of interface holes on the front plate 101, and each assembly electrode may each penetrate one of the housing interfaces. Thus, the assembly electrodes may be directly exposed outside the front plate 101, as they directly penetrate the housing interface and are exposed outside the front plate 101. For example, the housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be interface holes on the front plate 101, and each assembly electrode 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402 may each penetrate one of the housing interfaces 1011-1018 of the front plate 101. Therefore, the assembly electrodes 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402 can be exposed to the outside of the front plate 101 through the interface holes.

[0049] In some embodiments, the housing interfaces may be a plurality of connector interfaces on the front plate 101, and each assembly electrode may be electrically coupled to one of the plurality of connector interfaces. Thus, each assembly electrode of the cell assembly may be electrically exposed to the outside of the front plate 101 because each assembly electrode is engaged with one of the housing interfaces. For example, the housing interfaces 1011-1018 may be connector interfaces on the front plate 101, and each of the assembly electrodes 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402 may be coupled to one of the plurality of connector interfaces. Thus, each of the assembly electrodes 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402 can be engaged with one of the housing interfaces 1011-1018, so that the assembly electrodes 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, and 1402 of the cell assemblies 110-140 can be electrically exposed to the outside of the front plate 101.

[0050] 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams of an exemplary flow control member of the battery module 10 shown in FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 10 includes a battery housing 100 and a plurality of cell assemblies 110-140 attached to the battery housing 100. The battery housing 100 may have a front plate 101 and a rear plate 102. The front plate 101 of the battery housing 100 may further include a fluid inlet 151, a fluid outlet 152, and a housing interface (not shown). To clearly illustrate the fluid flow operation of the battery module 10, the assembly electrodes and housing interface in FIG. 1 are omitted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, but the battery module 10 in FIGS. 2A and 2B still includes the assembly electrodes and housing interface. The battery housing 100 may further include at least one flow control member. The battery housing 100 in Fig. 2A may further include three flow control members 161-163, and the battery housing 100 in Fig. 2B may further include three flow control members 164-166. To clearly illustrate the electrical connections of the battery module 10, at least one flow control member shown in Figs. 2A and 2B is omitted in Fig. 1, but the battery housing 100 in Fig. 1A still includes at least one flow control member as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B.

[0051] In some embodiments, each of the at least one flow control members may be disposed between two of the plurality of cell assemblies 110-140 and may control fluid flow through a fluid passage (not shown) between the two of the plurality of cell assemblies 110-140. In some embodiments, each of the at least one flow control member may be a sealing member adjacent to one of the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102 to block the fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies. The number of the at least one flow control member may be determined based on the number of cell assemblies. For example, the number of the at least one flow control member may be determined by subtracting one from the number of cell assemblies. Thus, if the number of cell assemblies is equal to two, the number of the at least one flow control member may be equal to one. Also, if the number of cell assemblies is greater than two, the number of the at least one flow control member may be greater than one.

[0052] To ensure that the flow of the thermal management liquid can pass through each battery cell, each cell assembly may include an assembly cover that influences the flow of the thermal management liquid so that the flow can pass through each battery cell of each cell assembly. For example, each cell assembly may include two assembly covers. The assembly covers function as walls and guide the flow of the thermal management liquid so that the thermal management liquid flows sequentially through the cell assemblies. In some embodiments, cell assemblies 110-140 may include first through fourth bottom covers 111, 121, 131, and 141, first through fourth top covers 112, 122, 132, and 142, first through fourth cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143, and first through fourth battery cells 114, 124, 134, and 144. Battery cells 114, 124, 134, and 144 may each be supported by a corresponding one of cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143. Each cell holder 113, 123, 133, and 143 may include a central holder for receiving a corresponding battery cell, such as cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143 of FIGS. 2A and 2B. In another embodiment, each of the cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143 may include two terminal holders for securing the corresponding battery cell by pressing both sides of the corresponding battery cell. In other embodiments, some of the cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143 may each include two terminal holders, and other of the cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143 may each include a center holder.

[0053] In some embodiments, the number of battery cells in each of the cell assemblies 110-140 may be equal to one another. In other embodiments, the number of battery cells in one of the cell assemblies 110-140 may be different from the number of battery cells in another of the cell assemblies 110-140.

[0054] In some embodiments, each of the bottom covers 111, 121, 131, and 141 can be positioned below a corresponding one of the cell assemblies 110-140, and each of the top covers 112, 122, 132, and 142 can be positioned above a corresponding one of the cell assemblies 110-140. Thus, each of the cell holders 113, 123, 133, and 143 and battery cells 114, 124, 134, and 144 can be sandwiched between a corresponding one of the bottom covers 111, 121, 131, and 141 and a corresponding one of the top covers 112, 122, 132, and 142.

[0055] In some embodiments, the sealing member may be a stopper provided on one of the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102 to close a fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies among the plurality of cell assemblies 110-140. In some embodiments, the sealing member is a partition member inserted into the battery housing 100 to close a fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies among the plurality of cell assemblies 110-140. In some embodiments, if the fluid passage is located adjacent to the front plate 101 and away from the rear plate 102, the fluid passage may be a front passage. Alternatively, if the fluid passage is located adjacent to the rear plate 102 and away from the front plate 101, the fluid passage may be a rear passage.

[0056] In some embodiments, in FIG. 2A, each of the three flow control members 161-163 may be a sealing member adjacent to one of the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102 to block a fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies among the cell assemblies 110-140. The first flow control member 161 adjacent to the front plate 101 may be provided between the first upper cover 112 of the first cell assembly 110 and the second lower cover 121 of the second cell assembly 120 to block the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies 110 and 120, the second flow control member 162 adjacent to the rear plate 102 may be provided between the second upper cover 122 of the second cell assembly 120 and the third lower cover 131 of the third cell assembly 130 to block the rear passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies 120 and 130, and the third flow control member 163 adjacent to the front plate 101 may be provided between the third upper cover 132 of the third cell assembly 130 and the fourth lower cover 141 of the fourth cell assembly 140 to block the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies 130 and 140.

[0057] In some embodiments, in FIG. 2B, each of the three flow control members 164-166 may be a sealing member inserted into the battery housing 100 to block a fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies among the cell assemblies 110-140. The fourth flow control member 164 can be inserted between the first top cover 112 of the first cell assembly 110 and the second bottom cover 121 of the second cell assembly 120 to block the front passage between two adjacent cell assemblies 110 and 120, the fifth flow control member 165 can be inserted between the second top cover 122 of the second cell assembly 120 and the third bottom cover 131 of the third cell assembly 130 to block the rear passage between two adjacent cell assemblies 120 and 130, and the sixth flow control member 166 can be inserted between the third top cover 132 of the third cell assembly 130 and the fourth bottom cover 141 of the fourth cell assembly 140 to block the front passage between two adjacent cell assemblies 130 and 140.

[0058] In some embodiments, some of the at least one flow control member in the battery housing 100 may be stoppers, and other of the at least one flow control member in the battery housing 100 may be partition members. For example, to create a battery module 10, a fourth flow control member 164 adjacent to the front plate 101 may be provided between the first cell assembly 110 and the second cell assembly 120 to block the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies 110 and 120. A fifth flow control member 165 may be inserted between the second cell assembly 120 and the third cell assembly 130 to block the rear passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies 120-130, and a third flow control member 163 adjacent to the front plate 101 may be provided between the third cell assembly 130 and the fourth cell assembly 140 to block the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies 130-140.

[0059] 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams of an exemplary flow path of the battery module 10 shown in FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 10 includes a battery housing 100 and a plurality of cell assemblies 110-140 attached to the battery housing 100. The battery housing 100 may have a front plate 101 and a rear plate 102. The front plate 101 of the battery housing 100 may further include a fluid inlet 151, a fluid outlet 152, and a housing interface (not shown). To clearly illustrate the fluid flow operation of the battery module 10, the assembly electrodes and housing interface shown in FIG. 1 are also omitted in FIGS. 3A and 3B, but the battery module 10 in FIGS. 3A and 3B may still include the assembly electrodes and housing interface. The battery housing 100 may further include at least one flow control member. The battery housing 100 in FIG. 3A may further include three flow control members 161-163, and the battery housing 100 in FIG. 3B may further include three flow control members 164-166.

[0060] 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B, a first front opening adjacent to the front panel 101 may be formed between the front panel 101 and each of the lower covers 111, 121, 131, and 141, and a first rear opening adjacent to the rear panel 102 may be formed between the rear panel 102 and each of the lower covers 111, 121, 131, and 141. Also, a second front opening adjacent to the front panel 101 may be formed between the front panel 101 and each of the upper covers 112, 122, 132, and 142, and a second rear opening adjacent to the rear panel 102 may be formed between the rear panel 102 and each of the upper covers 112, 122, 132, and 142.

[0061] In some embodiments, each of bottom covers 111, 121, 131, and 141 may include a corresponding one of bottom surfaces 171, 173, 175, and 177, and each of top covers 112, 122, 132, and 142 may include a corresponding one of top surfaces 172, 174, 176, and 178. In some embodiments, a first front opening 1711 adjacent to front plate 101 may be located on the bottom surface 171 of cell assembly 110, and a first rear opening 1712 away from front plate 101 and adjacent to rear plate 102 may be located on the bottom surface 171 of cell assembly 110. In some embodiments, a second front opening 1781 adjacent to front plate 101 may be located on the top surface 178 of cell assembly 140, and a second rear opening 1782 away from front plate 101 and adjacent to rear plate 102 may be located on the top surface 178 of cell assembly 140.

[0062] In some embodiments, a first front opening 1731 adjacent to the front plate 101 can be located on the lower surface 173 of the cell assembly 120, and a second front opening 1721 adjacent to the front plate 101 can be located on the upper surface 172 of the cell assembly 110. Because the cell assemblies 110 and 120 are two adjacent cell assemblies, the first front opening 1731 corresponds to the second front opening 1721 to create the front passageway 1701. Also, a first rear opening 1732 away from the front plate 101 and adjacent to the rear plate 102 can be located on the lower surface 173 of the cell assembly 120, and a second rear opening 1722 away from the front plate 101 and adjacent to the rear plate 102 can be located on the upper surface 172 of the cell assembly 110. Because the cell assemblies 110 and 120 are two adjacent cell assemblies, the first rear opening 1732 corresponds to the second rear opening 1722 to create the rear passageway 1702.

[0063] In some embodiments, cell assemblies 120 and 130 are two adjacent cell assemblies, such that a first front opening 1751 located on a lower surface 175 of cell assembly 130 corresponds to a second front opening 1741 located on an upper surface 174 of cell assembly 120 to create a front passageway, and a first rear opening 1752 located on a lower surface 175 of cell assembly 130 corresponds to a second rear opening 1742 located on an upper surface 174 of cell assembly 120 to create a rear passageway 1704. In some embodiments, cell assemblies 130 and 140 are two adjacent cell assemblies, such that a first front opening 1771 located on a lower surface 177 of cell assembly 140 corresponds to a second front opening 1761 located on an upper surface 176 of cell assembly 130 to create a front passageway 1705, and a first rear opening 1772 located on a lower surface 177 of cell assembly 140 corresponds to a second rear opening 1762 located on an upper surface 176 of cell assembly 130 to create a rear passageway 1706.

[0064] In some embodiments, the flow control member may be a sealing member covering the first front opening 1731 and the second front opening 1721 to prevent fluid from flowing through the front passage 1701 adjacent the front plate 101. In one embodiment, the first flow control member 161 may be positioned away from the first rear opening 1732 and the second rear opening 1722 to allow fluid to flow through the rear passage 1702 positioned away from the front plate 101. In other embodiments, the fourth flow control member 164 may include a septum opening 1641 used for the first rear opening 1732 and the second rear opening 1722 to allow fluid to flow through the rear passage 1702 positioned away from the front plate 101. In some embodiments, the flow control member may be a sealing member covering the first rear opening 1752 and the second rear opening 1742 to prevent fluid from flowing through the rear passage 1704 adjacent the rear plate 102. In one embodiment, the second flow control member 162 may be positioned away from the first front opening 1751 and the second front opening 1741 to allow fluid to flow through the front passageway 1703 positioned away from the rear plate 102. In other embodiments, the fifth flow control member 165 may include a septum opening 1651 used with the first front opening 1751 and the second front opening 1741 to allow fluid to flow through the front passageway 1703 positioned away from the rear plate 102. In some embodiments, the flow control member may be a seal member covering the first front opening 1771 and the second front opening 1761 to prevent fluid from flowing through the front passageway 1705 adjacent the front plate 101. In one embodiment, the third flow control member 163 may be positioned away from the first rear opening 1772 and the second rear opening 1762 to allow fluid to flow through the rear passageway 1706 positioned away from the front plate 101. In other embodiments, the sixth flow control member 166 may include a partition opening 1661 used for the first rear opening 1772 and the second rear opening 1762 to allow fluid to flow through a rear passage 1706 located away from the front plate 101.

[0065] In some embodiments, the rear plate 102 is located at an opposite end of the battery module 10 when viewed from the front plate 101. In FIG. 3A , each of the flow control members 161-163 is adjacent to one of the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102 and spaced apart from the other of the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102. For example, the flow control members 161 and 163 are adjacent to the front plate 101 and spaced apart from the rear plate 102. Also, the flow control member 162 is adjacent to the rear plate 102 and spaced apart from the front plate 101.

[0066] In some embodiments, when the number of the at least one flow control member is greater than one, one of the plurality of cell assemblies may be sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members of the at least one flow control member. Also, when one of the two adjacent flow control members is adjacent to the rear plate 102, the other of the two adjacent flow control members is adjacent to the front plate 101. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A , the cell assembly 120 may be sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members 161 and 162. When the second flow control member 162 is adjacent to the rear plate 102, the first flow control member 161 is adjacent to the front plate 101. Also, the cell assembly 130 may be sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members 162 and 163. When the second flow control member 162 is adjacent to the rear plate 102, the third flow control member 163 is adjacent to the front plate 101.

[0067] In some embodiments, the at least one flow control member may be a partition member inserted between two adjacent cell assemblies to separate the two adjacent cell assemblies from each other. For example, the battery module may include at least one partition member that influences the flow of thermal management liquid so that the flow can pass through each battery cell of each cell assembly, ensuring that the flow of thermal management liquid can pass through each battery cell. The partition member divides the storage space into three compartments containing each of the cell assemblies so that the thermal management liquid flows sequentially through the three cell assemblies. In some embodiments, each partition member may be disposed between two adjacent battery cells. Additionally, the fluid passageway is kept unobstructed by a partition opening in the partition member, allowing fluid to flow through the partition opening from one of two adjacent cell assemblies to the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies. Further referring to Figures 2B and 3B, the fourth flow control member 164 may be a partition member inserted between the cell assemblies 110 and 120 to separate the cell assemblies 110 and 120, and the rear passageway 1702 is kept unobstructed by a partition opening 1641 in the fourth flow control member 164, allowing fluid to flow through the partition opening 1641 from the cell assembly 110 to the cell assembly 120. The partition opening 1641 may be located away from the front plate 101 and adjacent to the rear plate 102.

[0068] Alternatively, the fifth flow control member 165 may be a partition member inserted between the cell assemblies 120 and 130 to separate the cell assemblies 120 and 130, with the front passage 1703 kept unobstructed by a partition opening 1651 in the fifth flow control member 165, allowing fluid to flow from the cell assembly 120 to the cell assembly 130 through the partition opening 1651. The partition opening 1651 may be located away from the rear plate 102 and adjacent to the front plate 101. Alternatively, the sixth flow control member 166 may be a partition member inserted between the cell assemblies 130 and 140 to separate the cell assemblies 130 and 140, with the rear passage 1706 kept unobstructed by a partition opening 1661 in the sixth flow control member 166, allowing fluid to flow from the cell assembly 130 to the cell assembly 140 through the partition opening 1661. The septum opening 1661 may be located away from the front plate 101 and adjacent to the back plate 102 .

[0069] In some embodiments, when the number of at least one flow control member is greater than one, one of the plurality of cell assemblies may be sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members of the at least one flow control member. Each of the two adjacent flow control members includes a partition wall opening so that fluid can flow through the partition wall opening. Also, when one of the two partition wall openings of the two adjacent flow control members is adjacent to the rear plate 102, the other of the two partition wall openings of the two adjacent flow control members is adjacent to the front plate 101. As shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B , the cell assembly 120 may be sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members 164 and 165. When the partition wall opening 1641 of the fourth flow control member 164 is adjacent to the rear plate 102, the partition wall opening 1651 of the fifth flow control member 165 is adjacent to the front plate 101. Also, the cell assembly 130 may be sandwiched between two adjacent flow control members 165 and 166. When the partition opening 1661 of the sixth flow control member is adjacent to the back plate 102 , the partition opening 1651 of the fifth flow control member 165 is adjacent to the front plate 101 .

[0070] 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B, fluid can enter the fluid inlet 151 and exit the battery housing 100 through the fluid outlet 152. Also, the front passage 1701 may be blocked, while the rear passage 1702 remains unblocked. Thus, before fluid flows from the cell assembly 110 to the cell assembly 120 through the rear passage 1702, the cell assembly 110 is filled with fluid, allowing the fluid to flow through all of the battery cells 114 in the cell assembly 110. Similarly, before fluid flows from the cell assembly 120 to the cell assembly 130 through the front passage 1703, the cell assembly 120 is filled with fluid, allowing the fluid to flow through all of the battery cells 124 in the cell assembly 120. Before fluid flows from the cell assembly 130 to the cell assembly 140 through the rear passage 1706, the cell assembly 130 is filled with fluid, allowing the fluid to flow through all of the battery cells 134 in the cell assembly 130. Before the fluid flows out of the cell assembly 140 and out of the battery housing 100 through the fluid outlet 152, the cell assembly 140 is filled with fluid, and the fluid can flow through all of the battery cells 144 in the cell assembly 140. Therefore, the fluid can flow through all of the cell assemblies 110 to 140 in order. Therefore, the temperature control of the battery cells 114, 124, 134, and 144 can be improved, and the temperature distribution of the battery cells 114, 124, 134, and 144 can be made uniform.

[0071] 2B and 3B , the number of cell assemblies may be three, five, seven, or more. In some embodiments, the battery module 10 may include two flow control members to separate two adjacent cell assemblies, and the two flow control members may each have a partition wall opening. Furthermore, one partition wall opening of the two flow control members separating the two adjacent cell assemblies may be adjacent to the front plate 101, and the other partition wall opening of the two flow control members may be adjacent to the rear plate 102. For example, two flow control members may be provided between the cell assemblies 110 and 120. In some embodiments, one of the two flow control members between the cell assemblies 110 and 120 may include a partition wall opening adjacent to the rear plate 102, and the other of the two flow control members between the cell assemblies 110 and 120 may include a partition wall opening adjacent to the front plate 101. Therefore, the assembly inlet used for the cell assembly 120 may still be adjacent to the front plate 101. In some embodiments, two additional flow control members may be provided between cell assemblies 120 and 130, and the assembly inlet for cell assembly 130 may still be adjacent to front plate 101, while the assembly outlet for cell assembly 130 may be adjacent to rear plate 102. In some embodiments, there may be a flow control member above cell assembly 130 to ensure that fluid can exit battery module 10 through fluid outlet 152. Thus, fluid can exit cell assembly 130 through the bulkhead opening in the flow control member above cell assembly 130 and then exit battery module 10 through fluid outlet 152.

[0072] In some embodiments, the number of cell assemblies may be three, five, seven, or more, as shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B . In some embodiments, the battery module 10 may include one flow control member separating two adjacent cell assemblies, and the flow control member may have one or two partition wall openings. In some embodiments, if the flow control member separating two adjacent cell assemblies has one partition wall opening, the partition wall opening may be adjacent to the rear plate 102. Alternatively, if the flow control member separating two adjacent cell assemblies has two partition wall openings, one of the two partition wall openings may be adjacent to the rear plate 102, and the other of the two partition wall openings may be adjacent to the front plate 101. In some embodiments, for example, the battery module 10 may include three cell assemblies 110-130. There may be a flow control member 164 separating cell assemblies 110 and 120, and another flow control member 165 separating cell assemblies 120 and 130. The flow control member 164 may include a partition opening 1641 adjacent to the rear plate 102, and the flow control member 165 may include two partition openings 1651 adjacent to the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102, respectively. Thus, the cell assembly 110 is filled with fluid and the fluid can flow through all of the battery cells 114 in the cell assembly 110 before the fluid flows from the cell assembly 110 to the cell assembly 120 through the rear passage 1702. In some embodiments, because the two partition openings 1651 are adjacent to the front plate 101 and the rear plate 102, respectively, the fluid can flow through the front passage 1703 and the rear passage 1704 into the cell assembly 130. Because the fluid can flow into the cell assembly 130 through the rear passage 1704, the fluid can still flow completely through the battery cells 134 adjacent to the rear plate 102. Also, because fluid can exit the cell assembly 120 through the front passage 1703, fluid can still flow completely through the battery cells 124 adjacent to the front plate 101. Thus, fluid can flow completely through the battery cells 114, 124, and 134 to efficiently control the temperature of the battery module 10.

[0073] 4A and 4B show perspective views of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 20 may include a battery housing 200. The battery housing 200 may further include a front plate 201 and a rear plate 202. The battery module 20 may further include a plurality of cell assemblies attached to the battery housing 200. The battery housing 200 may further include a fluid inlet 251, a fluid outlet 252, and a plurality of housing interfaces 2011-2014.

[0074] In FIG. 4A , the number of housing interfaces 2011-2014 may be equal to four. In some embodiments, the number of housing interfaces may be equal to two, four, six, or other positive number. In some embodiments, each cell assembly may include multiple assembly electrodes. The number of assembly electrodes in one of the cell assemblies may be equal to two, four, six, or other positive number. In some embodiments, each housing interface 2011-2014 may be coupled to one assembly electrode in a cell assembly, and each assembly electrode in a cell assembly may be coupled to one of the housing interfaces 2011-2014. Thus, if each cell assembly includes two assembly electrodes, there may be two cell assemblies attached to the battery housing 200.

[0075] In some embodiments, the battery housing 200 may be attached by a battery housing 203 and two battery plates. A cell assembly having assembly electrodes may be attached to the battery housing 203. The two battery plates may be coupled to the battery housing 203 to cover the cell assembly. The two battery plates may be a front plate 201 and a back plate 202. One of the two battery plates may include a fluid inlet 251, a fluid outlet 252, and housing interfaces 2011-2014, each of which is provided on the outer surface of one of the two battery plates. In some embodiments, the battery housing 203 may be integral with the back plate 202. When the cell assembly is attached to the battery housing 203, the front plate 201 may cover the battery housing 203 to create the battery module 20. In some embodiments, the battery housing 203 may be integral with the front plate 201. When the cell assembly is attached to the battery housing 203, the back plate 202 may cover the battery housing 203 to create the battery module 20.

[0076] 5 shows a partially exploded view of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 20 may include a battery housing 200 and a plurality of cell assemblies attached to the battery housing 200. The battery housing 200 may further include a front plate 201 and a rear plate 202. The battery housing 200 may further include a fluid inlet 251, a fluid outlet 252, and housing interfaces 2011-2014.

[0077] In some embodiments, the number of cell assemblies may be greater than or equal to 2. For example, in Figure 5, the number of cell assemblies may be equal to 2, and the cell assemblies may be first cell assembly 210 and second cell assembly 220.

[0078] In some embodiments, each of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 may further include a plurality of assembly electrodes, each coupled to one of the housing interfaces 2011-2014. In some embodiments, the number of assembly electrodes in each cell assembly may be two or more. For example, the number of assembly electrodes in one of the cell assemblies may be equal to two, four, six, or other positive numbers. In FIG. 5 , the first cell assembly 210 may include a first assembly electrode 2101 and a second assembly electrode 2102, and the second cell assembly 220 may include a third assembly electrode 2201 and a fourth assembly electrode 2202. Thus, the number of assembly electrodes in each of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 may be equal to two, and the number of assembly electrodes in the battery module 20 may be equal to four.

[0079] In some embodiments, each of the housing interfaces 2011-2014 may be coupled to only one of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 and to only one of the assembly electrodes 2101, 2102, 2201, and 2202. Also, each of the assembly electrodes 2101, 2102, 2201, and 2202 may be coupled to only one of the housing interfaces 2011-2014. For example, the assembly electrodes 2101, 2102, 2201, and 2202 may be electrically coupled to connectors on the front plate 201 of the battery module 20.

[0080] 4A and 5 , when battery module 20 is connected to a fluid-cooled thermal management system, fluid may enter battery module 20 through fluid inlet 251. The fluid may flow through cell assembly 210 and then into cell assembly 220. After the fluid flows through cell assemblies 210 and 220, the fluid may exit battery module 20 through fluid outlet 252. In some embodiments, to ensure that fluid can flow through each battery cell of cell assemblies 210 and 220, fluid inlet 251 and fluid outlet 252 may be located at different ends of a diagonal of front plate 201, and fluid inlet 251 may be located below fluid outlet 252. For example, fluid inlet 251 may be located at the lower left corner of front plate 201, and fluid outlet 252 may be located at the upper right corner of front plate 201.

[0081] Figure 6A shows a side view of cell assemblies 210 and 220 and front plate 201 shown in Figure 5, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6B shows an enlarged view of area A shown in Figure 6A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0082] 6A and 6B , in some embodiments, the first cell assembly 210 may include a first front opening 2711 and a first rear opening 2712 located on the lower surface 271 of the cell assembly 210, and a second front opening 2721 and a second rear opening 2722 located on the upper surface 272 of the cell assembly 210. The second cell assembly 220 may also include a first front opening 2731 and a first rear opening 2732 located on the lower surface 273 of the cell assembly 220, and a second front opening 2741 and a second rear opening 2742 located on the upper surface 274 of the cell assembly 220. In some embodiments, the first front openings 2711 and 2731 and the second front openings 2721 and 2741 may be located adjacent to the front plate 201, and the first rear openings 2712 and 2732 and the second rear openings 2722 and 2742 may be located away from the front plate 201. As shown in FIG. 5, the first rear openings 2712 and 2732 and the second rear openings 2722 and 2742 can be located adjacent to the back plate 202.

[0083] In some embodiments, when the cell assemblies 210 and 220 are attached together with the front plate 201, the first front opening 2731 may face the second front opening 2721 to create the front passage 2701, and the first rear opening 2732 may face the second rear opening 2722 to create the rear passage 2702.

[0084] In some embodiments, the flow control member 261 may be a sealing member disposed adjacent to the front plate 201 to block the fluid passage between the cell assemblies 210 and 220. Therefore, because the flow control member 261 is provided on the front plate 201, the front passage 2701 created by the first front opening 2731 and the second front opening 2721 may be blocked. As shown in FIG. 4A , when fluid flows into the battery module 20, the flow control member 261 may be a stopper that prevents the fluid from flowing through the front passage 2701. Therefore, the fluid can fill the cell assembly 210 and then flow from the cell assembly 210 to the cell assembly 220 through the rear passage 2702.

[0085] In some embodiments, when the number of cell assemblies in the battery module is more than two, at least one flow control member may be provided on the rear plate 202. For example, when the number of cell assemblies in the battery module is more than six, three stoppers may be provided on the front plate 201 and two stoppers may be provided on the rear plate 202. If stoppers are provided on the rear plate 202, the rear passage created by the first rear opening and the second rear opening may be blocked.

[0086] 7 shows a partial exploded view of a battery module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery module 20 may include a battery housing 200, a plurality of cell assemblies 210 and 220 attached to the battery housing 200, and a flow control member 264 inserted between the cell assemblies 210 and 220. The flow control member 264 may be a sealing member for sealing a fluid passage between the cell assemblies 210 and 220. The battery housing 200 may further include a front plate 201 and a rear plate 202. The battery housing 200 may further include a fluid inlet 251, a fluid outlet 252, and housing interfaces 2011-2014.

[0087] In some embodiments, the number of cell assemblies may be greater than or equal to 2. For example, in Figure 7, the number of cell assemblies may be equal to 2, and the cell assemblies may be first cell assembly 210 and second cell assembly 220.

[0088] In some embodiments, each of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 may further include a plurality of assembly electrodes, each coupled to one of the housing interfaces 2011-2014. In some embodiments, the number of assembly electrodes in some of the cell assemblies may be two or more. In FIG. 7, the number of assembly electrodes in each of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 may be equal to two, and the number of assembly electrodes in the battery module 20 may be equal to four. In some embodiments, each of the housing interfaces 2011-2014 may be coupled to only one of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 and to only one of the assembly electrodes 2101, 2102, 2201, and 2202. Also, each of the assembly electrodes 2101, 2102, 2201, and 2202 may be coupled to only one of the housing interfaces 2011-2014.

[0089] 4A and 7 , when battery module 20 is connected to a fluid cooling thermal management system, fluid may enter battery module 20 through fluid inlet 251. The fluid may flow through cell assembly 210 and then into cell assembly 220. After the fluid flows through cell assemblies 210 and 220, the fluid may exit battery module 20 through fluid outlet 252. In some embodiments, fluid inlet 251 and fluid outlet 252 may be located at different ends of a diagonal of front plate 201, and fluid inlet 251 may be located below fluid outlet 252.

[0090] Figure 8A shows a side view of cell assemblies 210 and 220, flow control member 264, and front plate 201 shown in Figure 7, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8B shows an enlarged view of area B shown in Figure 8A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0091] 8A and 8B, the first cell assembly 210 may include a first front opening 2711 and a first rear opening 2712 located on the lower surface 271 of the cell assembly 210, and a second front opening 2721 and a second rear opening 2722 located on the upper surface 272 of the cell assembly 210. The second cell assembly 220 may also include a first front opening 2731 and a first rear opening 2732 located on the lower surface 273 of the cell assembly 220, and a second front opening 2741 and a second rear opening 2742 located on the upper surface 274 of the cell assembly 220.

[0092] In some embodiments, when the cell assemblies 210 and 220 are attached together with the front plate 201, the first front opening 2731 may face the second front opening 2721 to create the front passage 2701, and the first rear opening 2732 may face the second rear opening 2722 to create the rear passage 2702.

[0093] In some embodiments, the flow control member 264 may be a sealing member inserted between the cell assemblies 210 and 220 to block the fluid passage between them. Therefore, when the flow control member 264 is inserted through the front plate 201, the front passage 2701 created by the first front opening 2731 and the second front opening 2721 may be blocked. Further referring to FIG. 4A , the flow control member 264 may be a barrier member for preventing fluid from flowing through the front passage 2701 when fluid enters the battery module 20. Also, the length of the flow control member 264 may be shorter than the length of the cell assemblies 210 and 220, so that the flow control member 264 is too short to further block the rear passage 2702 created by the first rear opening 2732 and the second rear opening 2722. Therefore, fluid can fill the cell assembly 210 and then flow from the cell assembly 210 through the rear passage 2702 to the cell assembly 220.

[0094] In some embodiments, when the number of cell assemblies in the battery module is more than two, there may be at least one flow control member inserted from the rear plate 202. For example, when the number of cell assemblies in the battery module is more than six, there may be three partition members inserted from the front plate 201 and two partition members inserted from the rear plate 202. If a partition member is inserted from the rear plate 202, the rear passage created by the first rear opening and the second rear opening may be blocked. Also, the partition member may be too short to further block the front passage created by the first front opening and the second front opening.

[0095] Figure 9A shows a side view of cell assemblies 210 and 220, flow control member 264, and front plate 201 shown in Figure 7, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures 9B and 9C are schematic diagrams of an exemplary flow control member with a septum opening, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0096] 9A , in some embodiments, the first cell assembly 210 may include a first front opening 2711 and a first rear opening 2712 located on the lower surface 271 of the cell assembly 210, and a second front opening 2721 and a second rear opening 2722 located on the upper surface 272 of the cell assembly 210. The second cell assembly 220 may also include a first front opening 2731 and a first rear opening 2732 located on the lower surface 273 of the cell assembly 220, and a second front opening 2741 and a second rear opening 2742 located on the upper surface 274 of the cell assembly 220.

[0097] In some embodiments, when the cell assemblies 210 and 220 are attached together with the front plate 201, the first front opening 2731 may face the second front opening 2721 to create the front passage 2701, and the first rear opening 2732 may face the second rear opening 2722 to create the rear passage 2702.

[0098] In some embodiments, the flow control member 264 may be a sealing member inserted between the cell assemblies 210 and 220 to block the fluid passage between them. Therefore, when the flow control member 264 is inserted through the front plate 201, the front passage 2701 created by the first front opening 2731 and the second front opening 2721 may be blocked. As shown in FIG. 4A , when fluid flows into the battery module 20, the flow control member 264 may be a partition member to prevent the fluid from flowing through the front passage 2701. Alternatively, the length of the flow control member 264 may be the same as the length of the cell assemblies 210 and 220, but the flow control member 264 may include a partition opening adjacent to the rear plate 202 to allow the fluid to flow through the flow control member 264. Therefore, the fluid can fill the cell assembly 210 and then flow from the cell assembly 210 to the cell assembly 220 through the rear passage 2702.

[0099] In some embodiments, when the number of cell assemblies in the battery module is more than two, there may be at least one flow control member inserted from the rear plate 202. For example, when the number of cell assemblies in the battery module is more than six, there may be three partition members inserted from the front plate 201 and two partition members inserted from the rear plate 202. When a partition member is inserted from the rear plate 202, the rear passage created by the first rear opening and the second rear opening may be blocked. Also, the partition opening adjacent to the front plate 201 may allow fluid to flow through the front passage created by the first front opening and the second front opening.

[0100] 9B, the septum opening 2641 may be a rectangular slit on the flow control member 264. In some embodiments, in FIG. 9C, the septum opening may be an oval slit on the flow control member 264. In some implementations, when the septum opening 2641 is adjacent to the rear plate 202, the septum opening 2641 may be connected to the rear passage 2702 such that fluid flows through the rear passage 2702. Also, when the septum opening is adjacent to the front plate 201, the septum opening may be connected to the front passage such that fluid flows through the front passage.

[0101] FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of two cell assemblies 210 and 220 shown in FIG. 5 , according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, cell assembly 210 may include a bottom cover 211, a top cover 212, a cell holder, a plurality of battery cells 214, and a plurality of assembly electrodes, and cell assembly 220 may include a bottom cover 221, a top cover 222, a cell holder, a plurality of battery cells 224, and a plurality of assembly electrodes. In some embodiments, the cell holder of cell assembly 210 may include a bottom cell holder 2131 and a top cell holder 2132, and the cell holder of cell assembly 220 may include a bottom cell holder 2231 and a top cell holder 2232. In specific embodiments, the number of assembly electrodes may be two or more. For example, in FIG. 10 , in some embodiments, cell assembly 210 may have two assembly electrodes 2101 and 2102, and cell assembly 220 may have two assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202.

[0102] In some embodiments, the lower cell holder 2131 may be attached below the battery cells 214, and the upper cell holder 2132 may be attached above the battery cells 214. Thus, the battery cells 214 may be sandwiched between and supported by the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132. In some embodiments, the lower cover 211 may be attached below the lower cell holder 2131, and the upper cover 212 may be attached above the upper cell holder 2132. Thus, the lower cell holder 2131, the battery cells 214, and the upper cell holder 2132 may be sandwiched between the lower cover 211 and the upper cover 212.

[0103] In some embodiments, cell assemblies 210 and 220 may each have one of a plurality of monitoring members 215 and 225. Monitoring member 215 may be used to monitor the operating condition of cell assembly 210, and monitoring member 225 may be used to monitor the operating condition of cell assembly 220. In some embodiments, the operating condition may include voltage data, current data, and temperature data. In some embodiments, monitoring members 215 and 225 may be a Cell Monitoring Unit Printed Circuit Board Assembly (CMUPCBA) that includes a plurality of sensors for monitoring the operating conditions.

[0104] 11 shows an exploded view of the cell assembly 220 shown in FIG. 10 , according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 10 , the cell assembly 220 may further include a lower wiring member 2251, an upper wiring member 2252, a lower connector member 2261, an upper connector member 2262, and a plurality of support members 227. In some embodiments, the lower cell holder 2231, the battery cell 224, and the upper cell holder 2232 may be sandwiched between the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262. Also, the lower connector member 2261 may be attached above the bottom cover 221, and the upper connector member 2262 may be attached below the top cover 222. In some embodiments, the battery cell 224 may be a lithium-ion battery cell or any other rechargeable battery.

[0105] In some embodiments, the bottom cell holder 2231 may include a plurality of bottom holder holes 22310, and the top cell holder 2232 may include a plurality of top holder holes 22320. Each bottom holder hole 22310 may be aligned with one of the top holder holes 22320. The battery cells 224 may be inserted into the bottom holder holes 22310 and the top holder holes 22320 to be secured to the bottom cell holder 2231 and the top cell holder 2232. Because each bottom holder hole 22310 is aligned with one of the top holder holes 22320, the battery cells 224 may be secured vertically to the bottom cell holder 2231 and the top cell holder 2232.

[0106] In some embodiments, at least one of the lower connector member 2261 or the upper connector member 2262 may include multiple connector holes. In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 may include multiple lower connector holes 22610. In some embodiments, the upper connector member 2262 may include multiple upper connector holes 22620. If the lower connector member 2261 includes lower connector holes 22610, each lower holder hole 22310 may be aligned with one of the lower connector holes 22610. If the upper connector member 2262 includes upper connector holes 22620, each upper holder hole 22320 may be aligned with one of the upper connector holes 22620.

[0107] In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 may be attached below the lower cell holder 2231, connected to the battery cells 224, and electrically connected to the battery cells 224 by a plurality of connection members (not shown). Each connection member may be used to connect a corresponding one of the battery cells 224 to the lower connector member 2261 by a corresponding one of the lower holder holes 22310 and a corresponding one of the lower connector holes 22610, respectively.

[0108] In some embodiments, the upper connector member 2262 may be mounted above the upper cell holder 2232, connected to the battery cells 224, and electrically connected to the battery cells 224 by a plurality of connecting members (not shown). Each connecting member may be used to connect a corresponding one of the battery cells 224 to the upper connector member 2262 by a corresponding one of the upper holder holes 22320 and a corresponding one of the upper connector holes 22620, respectively.

[0109] In some embodiments, the connection member may include a plurality of bonders. In some embodiments, the connection member may include a plurality of connecting wires.

[0110] In some embodiments, at least one of the lower connector member 2261 or the upper connector member 2262 can include an assembly electrode. In FIG. 11 , the lower connector member 2261 can include two assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202. Referring to FIG. 10 , the upper connector member of the cell assembly 210 can include two assembly electrodes 2101 and 2102. Because at least one of the lower connector member 2261 or the upper connector member 2262 is electrically coupled to the battery cell 224, the assembly electrode can also be electrically coupled to the battery cell 224 and can further be coupled to one of the housing interfaces 2011-2014. Referring to Figures 5, 10, and 11, the two assembly electrodes 2101 and 2102 of the upper connector member of the cell assembly 210 may be electrically coupled to the housing interfaces 2011 and 2012, and the two assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 of the lower connector member 2261 may be electrically coupled to the housing interfaces 2013 and 2014.

[0111] In some embodiments, the lower wiring member 2251 may be attached to the lower cell holder 2231 and electrically connected to the lower connector member 2261, and the upper wiring member 2252 may be attached to the upper cell holder 2232 and electrically connected to the upper connector member 2262. In some embodiments, the lower wiring member 2251 may be attached directly to the lower connector member 2261, and the upper wiring member 2252 may be attached directly to the upper connector member 2262. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 10 , the monitoring member 215 may be electrically connected to the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252. Because the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 are electrically connected to the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262, which are electrically connected to the battery cells 224, the monitoring member 215 may receive a plurality of signals from the battery cells 224 to monitor the operating status of the cell assembly 220. In some embodiments, the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 may further include temperature sensing circuitry for detecting the temperature of the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262. Thus, the received signal may also include the temperature.

[0112] In some embodiments, in order to prevent the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 from causing turbulent fluid flow in the battery module, the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 may be flexible printed circuits (FPCs) instead of multiple wiring cords. If the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 are wiring cords, the wiring cords may be distributed throughout the battery housing 200. This may disrupt the fluid flow direction and reduce cooling efficiency. If the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 are FPCs, the FPCs may be flat and fixed to the lower cell holder 2231 and the upper cell holder 2232. This prevents the fluid flow direction from being affected by the lower cell holder 2231 and the upper cell holder 2232, thereby reducing cooling efficiency. If the monitoring members 215 and 225 do not receive operational status data (e.g., voltage data, in particular), the battery module 20 may not operate normally. To maintain stable operation, the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 may be fixed to the lower cell holder 2231 and the upper cell holder 2232 by at least one of ribbon bonding or screw locks with copper sheets. For example, screw locks may be used to secure the copper sheet to the lower wiring member 2251 and the lower cell holder 2231, and ribbon bonding may be further performed to bond the copper sheet to the lower cell holder 2231. In one embodiment, the ribbon bonding may be performed with hard gold.

[0113] In some embodiments, the support member 227 may be attached between the lower cell holder 2231 and the upper cell holder 2232. The support member 227 may be attached parallel to the battery cells 224 to provide support strength for the component weight of the battery cells 224.

[0114] In some embodiments, the bottom lid 221 and the top lid 222 may be used to protect the cell assembly 220. For example, the bottom lid 221 and the top lid 222 may protect the ribbon bonds in the cell assembly 220 from direct contact or external damage from the environment. In some embodiments, the bottom lid 221 and the top lid 222 may control fluid flow in a lateral direction and prevent fluid from flowing directly and vertically out of the cell assembly 220 from the upper cell holder 2232.

[0115] 12 shows a perspective view of the upper cell holder 2232 shown in FIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The upper cell holder 2232 further includes a plurality of upper holder holes 22320, a plurality of upper interference members 22321, a plurality of upper fluid holes 22322, a plurality of upper wall members 22323, and a plurality of upper rib members 22324.

[0116] In some embodiments, the upper holder holes 22320 may be used to hold the battery cells 224. In some embodiments, each upper interference member 22321 may be formed in one of the upper holder holes 22320. The upper interference member 22321 may slightly protrude from the inner surface (not shown) of the upper holder hole 22320. For example, each upper interference member 22321 may include an extended protrusion or rib. Therefore, with further reference to FIG. 11 , the upper interference member 22321 can apply an interference force to the battery cell 224 inserted in the upper holder hole 22320, making it difficult to remove the battery cell 224 from the upper interference member 22321 in the event of an accident. In some embodiments, the lower holder hole 22310 of the lower cell holder 2231 may further include a plurality of lower interference members (not shown) that slightly protrude from the inner surface (not shown) of the lower holder hole 22310.

[0117] In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may further include an upper interference member and a lower interference member. In some embodiments, even if the upper cell holder 2232 does not have an upper interference member, the interference amount of the lower interference member may be high enough to stabilize the battery cell 224. In some embodiments, the interference amount of the upper interference member may be lower than the interference amount of the lower interference member, and therefore the battery cell 224 may be easily assembled to the upper cell holder 2232. In some embodiments, the interference amount of the upper interference member may be equal to the interference amount of the lower interference member.

[0118] In some embodiments, when fluid flows into the cell assembly 220, the fluid can flow out of the cell assembly 220 through the upper fluid holes 22322. Also, when fluid flows into the cell assembly 220, the fluid can flow near the battery cells 224 through a plurality of lower fluid holes (not shown) in the lower cell holder 2231 to control the temperature of the battery cells 224. The upper fluid holes 22322 can be adjacent to the upper holder holes 22320. In some embodiments, each of the upper fluid holes 22322 can be adjacent to at least three of the upper holder holes 22320, and each of the upper holder holes 22320 can be adjacent to at least three of the upper fluid holes 22322. 12 , three adjacent ones of the upper holder holes 22320 can surround one of the upper fluid holes 22322 located at the center of the three adjacent upper holder holes 22320, and three adjacent ones of the upper fluid holes 22322 can surround one of the upper holder holes 22320 located at the center of the three adjacent upper fluid holes 22322. In some embodiments, each upper fluid hole 22322 can include at least one through-hole. For example, the number of at least one through-hole in one of the upper fluid holes 22322 can be one, two, three, or more. In some embodiments, the upper fluid holes 22322 can be smaller than the upper holder holes 22320. In some embodiments, each of the lower fluid holes can be adjacent to at least three of the lower holder holes 22310, and each of the lower holder holes 22310 can be adjacent to at least three of the lower fluid holes. In some embodiments, each of the lower fluid holes may include at least one through-hole. In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may further include upper and lower fluid holes.

[0119] In some embodiments, the upper wall member 22323 may protrude from an upper surface (not shown) of the upper cell holder 2232. Referring to FIG. 5 , the upper wall member 22323 may be perpendicular to the front plate 201 and the rear plate 202. The upper wall member 22323 can guide the fluid to flow along the direction of the upper wall member 22323. Thus, the fluid can be uniformly distributed and flow within the cell assembly 220. As a result, each battery cell in the housing can be uniformly cooled to reduce the risk of thermal runaway. In some embodiments, the lower cell holder 2231 may further include a plurality of lower wall members (not shown). The lower wall members may protrude from a lower surface (not shown) of the lower cell holder 2231. The lower wall members of the lower cell holder 2231 may also be perpendicular to the front plate 201 and the rear plate 202. In some embodiments, the number of upper wall members 22323 may be different from the number of lower wall members. For example, the number of upper wall members 22323 may be equal to two, and the number of lower wall members may be equal to three. In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may further include an upper wall member and a lower wall member.

[0120] In some embodiments, the upper rib members 22324 may be located on both sides of the upper cell holder 2232. When the cell assembly 220 is removably attached to the battery housing 200, the upper rib members 22324 can slide on corresponding rails on the battery housing 200. In some embodiments, the lower cell holder 2231 may further have a plurality of lower rib members (not shown) located on both sides of the lower cell holder 2231. When the cell assembly 220 is removably attached to the battery housing 200, the lower rib members can slide on corresponding rails on the battery housing 200. In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may further include an upper rib member and a lower rib member.

[0121] 13A and 13B show perspective views of the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 shown in FIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 11, the lower connector member 2261 may further include a plurality of lower fluid holes 22611, and the upper connector member 2262 may further include a plurality of upper fluid holes 22621.

[0122] 11 , in some embodiments, each lower connector hole 22610 can correspond to one of the lower holder holes 22310, and each upper connector hole 22620 can correspond to one of the upper holder holes 22320. Thus, each connection member can couple one of the battery cells 224 to the lower connector member 2261 via one of the lower connector holes 22610 and one of the lower holder holes 22310, or can couple one of the battery cells 224 to the upper connector member 2262 via one of the upper connector holes 22620 and one of the upper holder holes 22320. Thus, the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 can be electrically coupled to the battery cells 224 by the connection members. Also, the assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 can be coupled to the lower connector member 2261. Thus, when assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 are coupled to another power supply system, battery cell 224 may supply power through the connecting members, lower connector member 2261, and upper connector member 2262. In some embodiments, referring to Figure 10, when assembly electrodes 2101 and 2102 are coupled to another power supply system, battery cell 214 may supply power through the connecting members, lower connector member, and upper connector member of cell assembly 210.

[0123] 11 , in some embodiments, each lower fluid hole 22611 can correspond to one of the lower fluid holes of the cell assembly 220, and each upper fluid hole 22621 can correspond to one of the upper fluid holes 22322. Thus, when fluid flows into the cell assembly 220, the fluid may flow into the cell assembly 220 via the lower fluid holes and lower fluid holes 22611 of the cell assembly 220, and then flow out of the cell assembly 220 via the upper fluid holes 22322 and upper fluid holes 22621. The upper fluid holes 22621 may be adjacent to the upper connector holes 22620. In some embodiments, each of the upper fluid holes 22621 may be adjacent to at least three of the upper connector holes 22620, and each of the upper connector holes 22620 may be adjacent to at least three of the upper fluid holes 22621. 13A , three adjacent ones of the upper connector holes 22620 may surround one of the upper fluid holes 22621 located at the center of the three adjacent upper connector holes 22620, and three adjacent ones of the upper fluid holes 22621 may surround one of the upper connector holes 22620 located at the center of the three adjacent upper fluid holes 22621. In some embodiments, each upper fluid hole 22621 may include at least one through-hole. For example, the number of at least one through-hole in one of the upper fluid holes 22621 may be one, two, three, or more. In some embodiments, the upper fluid holes 22621 may be smaller than the upper connector holes 22620. In some embodiments, each of the lower fluid holes 22611 may be adjacent to at least three of the lower connector holes 22610, and each of the lower connector holes 22610 may be adjacent to at least three of the lower fluid holes 22610. In some embodiments, each of the lower fluid holes 22611 may include at least one through-hole. In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may further include upper and lower fluid holes.

[0124] FIG. 14A shows an exploded view of the cell assembly 220 shown in FIG. 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 14B shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary electrical connection of a battery cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 can include a plurality of lower connector plates, and the upper connector member 2262 can include a plurality of upper connector plates. The number of lower connector plates can be equal to Nb, and the number of upper connector plates can be equal to Nt. In some embodiments, the number Nb can be a positive integer, and the number Nt can be a positive integer. In some embodiments, the number Nt can be equal to or different from the number Nb. In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 can be formed by a plate, a sheet, or a panel.

[0125] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 12, the upper cell holder 2232 may be divided into multiple upper holder regions by an upper wall member 22323, and the lower cell holder 2231 may also be divided into multiple upper holder regions by a lower wall member Each upper holder area can accommodate one upper connector plate, and each lower holder area can accommodate one lower connector plate.

[0126] 14A, the number Nb may be equal to 4, and the number Nt may be equal to 3. In other words, the lower connector member 2261 may include four lower connector plates 2271-2274, and the upper connector member 2262 may include three upper connector plates 2275-2277. Also, the lower cell holder 2231 may be divided into four lower holder regions 2281-2284 by three lower wall members, and the upper cell holder 2232 may be divided into three upper holder regions 2285-2287 by two upper wall members 22323. In some embodiments, the lower connector member of the cell assembly 210 may include three lower connector plates, and the upper connector member of the cell assembly 210 may include four upper connector plates. Furthermore, the lower cell holder of cell assembly 210 may be divided into three lower holder regions by two lower wall members, and the upper cell holder of cell assembly 210 may be divided into four upper holder regions 223 by three upper wall members. In other words, the electrical connection structure of cell assembly 210 may be the inverse structure of the electrical connection structure of cell assembly 220.

[0127] 14B , one of the battery cells 224 can be inserted into a corresponding one of the lower holder holes 22310 in the lower cell holder 2231 and a corresponding one of the upper holder holes 22320 in the upper cell holder 2232. Also, one of the lower connector holes 22610 in the lower connector member 2261 can face the corresponding one of the lower holder holes 22310 in the lower cell holder 2231, and one of the upper connector holes 22620 in the upper connector member 2262 can face the corresponding one of the upper holder holes 22320 in the upper cell holder 2232. Thus, one of the plurality of lower connection members 2291 can pass through the corresponding one of the lower connector holes 22610 in the lower connector member 2261 and the corresponding one of the lower holder holes 22310 in the lower cell holder 2231 to couple the corresponding one of the battery cells 224 to the lower connector member 2261. Also, one of the plurality of upper connection members 2292 may pass through a corresponding one of the upper connector holes 22620 in the upper connector member 2262 and a corresponding one of the upper holder holes 22320 in the upper cell holder 2232 to couple a corresponding one of the battery cells 224 to the upper connector member 2262. In some embodiments, each of the lower connection member 2291 and the upper connection member 2292 may be a bonder, a wire, or any other electrical connector.

[0128] 14A and 14B, each of the battery cells 224 may be coupled to a lower connector member 2261 and an upper connector member 2262. In some embodiments, one of the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 may include two output connectors for the battery cells 224, each coupled to one of the housing interfaces. For example, the two output connectors may be assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202. In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 of the cell assembly 220 may include assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 on lower connector plates 2271 and 2274, respectively. Also, referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the upper connector member of the cell assembly 210 may include assembly electrodes 2101 and 2102 on two upper connector plates, respectively.

[0129] 15 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary connection relationship between the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 shown in FIG. 14A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 may include four lower connector plates 2271-2274, and the upper connector member 2262 may include three upper connector plates 2275-2277.

[0130] In some embodiments, lower connector plate 2272 may further include two lower connector regions 22721 and 22722, and lower connector plate 2273 may further include two lower connector regions 22731 and 22732. In some embodiments, upper connector plate 2275 may further include two upper connector regions 22751 and 22752, upper connector plate 2276 may further include two upper connector regions 22761 and 22762, and upper connector plate 2277 may further include two upper connector regions 22771 and 22772.

[0131] In some embodiments, the lower connector plate 2271 can correspond to the upper connector area 22751 to create a first cell area including a first portion of the battery cell 224, the lower connector area 22721 can correspond to the upper connector area 22752 to create a second cell area including a second portion of the battery cell 224, the lower connector area 22722 can correspond to the upper connector area 22761 to create a third cell area including a third portion of the battery cell 224, the lower connector area 22731 can correspond to the upper connector area 22762 to create a fourth cell area including a fourth portion of the battery cell 224, the lower connector area 22732 can correspond to the upper connector area 22771 to create a fifth cell area including a fifth portion of the battery cell 224, and the lower connector plate 2274 can correspond to the upper connector area 22772 to create a sixth cell area including a sixth portion of the battery cell 224. In some embodiments, the orientations of the first, third, and fifth portions of the battery cell 224 may be the same as each other, the orientations of the second, fourth, and sixth portions of the battery cell 224 may be the same as each other, or the orientations of the first, third, and fifth portions of the battery cell 224 may be different from the orientations of the second, fourth, and sixth portions of the battery cell 224. Thus, the battery cells 224 may be connected to each other in series or in parallel by the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262. For example, battery cells 224 corresponding to the same upper and lower connector regions may be coupled in parallel with each other, and battery cells 224 corresponding to different upper and lower connector regions may be coupled in series with each other.

[0132] In some embodiments, both assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 can be provided on one of the lower connector member and the upper connector member. For example, assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 can be provided on lower connector member 2261. In some embodiments, assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 can be provided on one of the lower connector plate and the upper connector plate to form an L-shaped connector plate. Also, the long side of the L-shaped connector plate can be the connector plate of the connector member, and the short side of the L-shaped connector plate can be one of the assembly electrodes.

[0133] In some embodiments, the lower connector member of cell assembly 210 may be the same as the upper connector member 2262 of cell assembly 220, and the upper connector member of cell assembly 210 may be the same as the lower connector member 2261 of cell assembly 220. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 10 , the orientation of battery cells 214 may be the same as the orientation of battery cells 224. In some embodiments, the orientation of battery cells 214 may be the same as the reverse orientation of battery cells 224.

[0134] In some embodiments, the number of battery cells in one cell assembly may be equal to Nc. In some embodiments, the lower connector member of the cell assembly may be divided into multiple lower connector regions. The number of lower connector regions in the lower connector member of the cell assembly may be equal to Nr. Thus, the number of battery cells in each lower connector region may be equal to a value Np calculated by dividing the number Nc by the number Nr. In some embodiments, the arrangement of the battery cells may be considered as (Nr)S(Np)P. For example, the number of battery cells Nc may be equal to 180, and the number of lower connector sections Nr in the lower connector member may be equal to 6. Thus, the number of battery cells Np in each lower connector section may be 30, and the battery cell arrangement may be considered a 6S30P. In some embodiments, when the number of battery cells Nc may be equal to 180, the battery cell arrangements may include 6S30P, 4S45P, 12S15P, and 10S18P.

[0135] In some embodiments, the placement of battery cells may be determined based on the output current demand of the cell assembly. If the output current demand increases, the number Np of battery cells in each lower connector area of ​​the cell assembly may be increased. In other words, referring to FIG. 15 , the connection relationship between the lower connector member and the upper connector member may be changed based on the number Nr of lower connector areas in the lower connector member of the cell assembly. Also, the wall members of the lower cell holder and the upper cell holder may be changed based on the number Nr of lower connector areas in the lower connector member of the cell assembly.

[0136] For example, the battery cell arrangement may be 4S45P. Thus, the lower connector member may include three lower connector plates, and a central lower connector plate among the three lower connector plates may be divided into two lower connector regions. Also, the upper connector member may include two upper connector plates, and each upper connector plate may be divided into two upper connector regions. The number of upper connector regions may be equal to four, and the number of battery cells corresponding to one of the four upper connector regions may be equal to 45.

[0137] In some embodiments, the lower connector plate may be divided into lower connector regions along a first direction, and the upper connector plate may be divided into upper connector regions along the first direction. In some embodiments, the lower connector plate may be divided into lower connector regions along a second direction, and the upper connector plate may be divided into upper connector regions along the second direction. In embodiments, the first direction may be different from the second direction. In some embodiments, the first direction may be perpendicular to the second direction. In some embodiments, the lower connector plate may be divided into lower connector regions along the first direction and the second direction, and the upper connector plate may be divided into upper connector regions along the first direction and the second direction. For example, the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 in FIG. 15 may be further divided along the lateral direction to generate more connector regions. For example, there may be 12 upper connector regions in the upper connector member 2262.

[0138] In some embodiments, one of assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 may be provided on lower connector member 2261, and the other of assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 may be provided on upper connector member 2262. For example, assembly electrode 2201 may be provided on lower connector member 2261, and assembly electrode 2202 may be provided on upper connector member 2262. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 5 , when assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 are provided on different connector members, two of the four assembly electrodes in the battery module may be exposed to the outside of two corners of front plate 201. However, to maintain uniformity of fluid flow, fluid inlet 251 and fluid outlet 252 may also be provided on two corners of front plate 201. Therefore, one of the four assembly electrodes and one of fluid inlet 251 and fluid outlet 252 may be provided on the same corner of front plate 201. In some embodiments, one of the four assembly electrodes may be further coupled to a connector interface provided adjacent one of the fluid inlet 251 and the fluid outlet 252 for exposure to the outside of the front plate 201.

[0139] In some embodiments, the lower connector member 2261 and the upper connector member 2262 may be divided into Nr lower connector regions and Nr upper connector regions. Each of the Nr lower connector regions may correspond to one of the Nr upper connector regions to define Nr groups of battery cells 224. In some embodiments, if the number Nc of battery cells is equal to 180, the battery cell configurations may include 1S180P, 3S60P, 5S36P, and 9S20P. In some embodiments, if the number Nr is equal to 1, one of the cell connector members may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery module, and the other of the cell connector members may be connected to the negative terminal of the battery module. In some embodiments, if the number Nr is greater than 1, one of the connector regions of one of the cell connector members may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery module, and one of the connector regions of the other of the cell connector members may be connected to the negative terminal of the battery module.

[0140] In some embodiments, for example, the battery cell arrangement may be 3S60P. Thus, the lower connector member may include two lower connector plates, and the right-hand one of the two lower connector plates may be divided into two lower connector regions. The upper connector member may further include two upper connector plates, and the left-hand one of the two lower connector plates may be divided into two lower connector regions. The number of upper connector regions may be equal to three, and the number of battery cells corresponding to one of the three upper connector regions may be equal to 60. In some embodiments, the orientations of the first and third portions of the battery cells 224 may be the same as each other and different from the orientation of the second portion of the battery cells 224. To accommodate the orientations of the first, second, and third portions of the battery cells 224, the assembly electrode 2201 may be provided on the lower connector member 2261, and the assembly electrode 2202 may be provided on the upper connector member 2262.

[0141] In some embodiments, assembly electrodes 2201 and 2202 may be provided on different connector members or the same connector member to accommodate different battery cell configurations. In some embodiments, the battery module may provide flexibility in the voltage or current range of the cell assembly. Thus, under some shared elements of similar structure, the battery module can accommodate a variety of electrical output specifications.

[0142] Figure 16A shows a perspective view of the battery housing shown in Figures 4A and 4B, and Figures 16B and 16C show front views of the battery housing and front plate shown in Figures 4A and 4B, respectively, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0143] In some embodiments, the battery housing 203 may be formed by multiple outer plates 2030. The shape of the battery housing 203 may be tubular. For example, the battery housing 203 may resemble a box having at least four outer plates 2030. In some embodiments, the shape of the battery housing 203 may be a square pipe or a rectangular tube. Due to cost requirements, an extrusion method for the battery housing 203 may be used for mass production. The battery housing 203 may be made of aluminum or other materials.

[0144] 4A and 4B, in some embodiments, the battery housing 203 may include four outer plates 2030 to create a storage space 2031 covered by the front plate 201 and the rear plate 202. The storage space 2031 may be used to store the cell assemblies 210 and 220. In some embodiments, the battery housing 203 may include five outer plates 2030 to create the storage space 2031 covered by the front plate 201.

[0145] In some embodiments, the outer plate 2030 of the battery housing 203 may include an outer surface 2032 and an inner surface 2033. The outer surface 2032 may further include a plurality of outer protruding lines 20321, and the inner surface 2033 may further include a plurality of inner protruding lines 20331 and a plurality of inner protruding units 20332. In some embodiments, some of the outer protruding lines 20321 on the upper surface of the outer surface 2032 may further include hanging holes 20322. The hanging holes 20322 may be used to connect the battery module to a hanging fixture for easy transportation.

[0146] 16B, the outer protruding lines 20321 may protrude from the outer surfaces 2032 of the four outer plates 2030. The inner protruding lines 20331 and the inner protruding units 20332 may protrude from the inner surfaces 2033 of two of the four outer plates 2030. In some embodiments, two of the four outer plates 2030 may be two side plates of the battery housing 203.

[0147] In some embodiments, each of the outer protruding lines 20321 may extend along a straight line and be parallel to one another. In some embodiments, each outer protruding line 20321 may be a long rib extending from the forward end (not shown) of the skin 2030 to the aft end (not shown) of the skin 2030. With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B , the forward end of the skin 2030 may be covered by the front panel 201, and the aft end of the skin 2030 may be covered by the aft panel. In some embodiments, one of the outer protruding lines 20321 may include multiple short ribs aligned along a straight line, each protruding from the outer surface 2032. For example, one of the outer protruding lines 20321 may include two short ribs aligned with each other along a straight line, each protruding from the forward end and the aft end of the outer surface 2032. In some embodiments, some outer protruding lines 20321 may include long ribs extending from the forward end to the aft end, and other outer protruding lines 20321 may include short ribs distributed along a corresponding straight line.

[0148] In some embodiments, each of the medial protruding lines 20331 and the medial protruding units 20332 may also extend along a straight line and be parallel to one another. In some embodiments, each of the medial protruding lines 20331 and the medial protruding units 20332 may also be a long rib extending from the front end to the rear end. In some embodiments, one of the medial protruding lines 20331 may include multiple short ribs aligned with one another along a straight line, each protruding from the inner surface 2033. In some embodiments, one of the medial protruding units 20332 may include multiple short ribs aligned with one another along another straight line, each protruding from the inner surface 2033. For example, one of the medial protruding lines 20331 and the medial protruding units 20332 may include two short ribs aligned with one another along a straight line, each protruding from the front and rear ends of the inner surface 2033. In some embodiments, some of the medial protruding lines 20331 and medial protruding units 20332 may include long ribs extending from the front end to the rear end, and other medial protruding lines 20331 and medial protruding units 20332 may include short ribs distributed along a corresponding one of the straight lines.

[0149] In some embodiments, two adjacent inner protruding lines 20331 may form a rail 20341. Thus, the inner surface 2033 may include multiple rails 20341 generated from the inner protruding lines 20331. As shown in FIG. 11 , each rail 20341 may correspond to one of the cell holders, such as the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132.

[0150] In some embodiments, two adjacent inner protruding units 20332 may form an inner flow slit 20342. Thus, the inner surface 2033 may include multiple inner flow slits 20342 generated from the inner protruding units 20332. Referring to FIG. 6B , the inner flow slits 20342 may be used to accommodate a flow control member 261. In other words, the flow control member 261 may be inserted into the inner flow slit 20342 to block the fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies. In FIG. 6B , the flow control member 261 may be a sealing member inserted into the inner flow slit 20342. Because the flow control member 261 may be a stopper, the inner flow slit 20342 may be two small slits formed on both sides of the battery housing 203. Thus, the inner protruding units 20332 may be two pairs of protrusions protruding from both sides of the battery housing 203. Therefore, when the flow control member 261 is a stopper, the inner protruding unit 20332 does not have to extend from the front end to the rear end.

[0151] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 7 , the inner flow slit 20342 can be used to accommodate the flow control member 264. In other words, the inner flow slit 20342 can be inserted by the flow control member 264 to block the fluid passage between two adjacent cell assemblies. In FIG. 7 , the flow control member 264 can be a sealing member inserted into the inner flow slit 20342. Since the flow control member 264 can be a partition member, the inner flow slit 20342 can be two internal flow passages formed on both sides of the battery housing 203. Therefore, the inner protruding unit 20332 can be two pairs of protruding lines protruding from both sides of the battery housing 203. Therefore, when the flow control member 264 is a partition member, the inner protruding unit 20332 can extend from the front end to the rear end.

[0152] In some embodiments, referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, each of the front plate 201 and the rear plate 202 may have two side surfaces. The side surfaces of the front plate 201 and the rear plate 202 may also include multiple plate protrusions. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 16B, each of the plate protrusions may correspond to one of the outer protrusion lines 20321. Therefore, each plate protrusion and the corresponding outer protrusion line 20321 may be assembled as multiple housing protrusion lines. Each plate protrusion and outer protrusion line may further have a pin hole for locking the front plate 201 and the rear plate 202 to the battery housing 203. For example, one plate protrusion on the rear plate 202 may be locked to a corresponding outer protrusion line to connect the rear plate 202 to the battery housing 203. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 16C, the front plate 201 may have two side surfaces 2019, and multiple plate protrusions 20191 may protrude from the two side surfaces 2019. In addition, each plate protrusion 20191 and the corresponding outer protrusion line 20321 may further have a thickness sufficient to form a fastening hole for a screw or bolt, which may be formed by an extrusion molding process. Thus, each plate protrusion 20191 and the corresponding outer protrusion line 20321 may be assembled as a housing protrusion line.

[0153] In some embodiments, the front plate 201 may further include multiple board interfaces. The number of board interfaces may be equal to the number of cell assemblies in the battery module. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 16C , each of the monitoring members 215 and 225 may correspond to one of the board interfaces 20101 and 20102. In some embodiments, the board interfaces 20101 and 20102 may be plate holes for exposing the monitoring members 215 and 225 to the outside of the front plate 201. Therefore, there may be several connector wires connecting the monitoring members 215 and 225 to an external monitoring system to monitor the operating status of the cell assemblies 210 and 220. In some embodiments, the board interfaces 20101 and 20102 may include internal connectors for connecting to the monitoring members 215 and 225 and external connectors for connecting the monitoring members 215 and 225 to connector wires and an external monitoring system to monitor the operating status of the cell assemblies 210 and 220.

[0154] 10, 11, and 16C, the monitoring member 225 may include a circuit board coupled to the lower wiring member 2251 and the upper wiring member 2252 for receiving the operating status, and the circuit board is connected to an output interface (not shown) for outputting the operating status. The output interface may be an output connector exposed to the outside of the front plate 201 and connected to the circuit board of the monitoring member 225 by a board wire. In some embodiments, one end of the board wire may be coupled to the output interface, and the other end of the board wire may be coupled to the circuit board of the monitoring member 225. In some embodiments, a plate connector may be provided between the circuit board and the output interface to fix and stabilize the board wire on the front plate 201.

[0155] 17 shows a front view of the two battery housings shown in FIG. 16B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Battery housing 203 may have an outer plate 2030. Outer plate 2030 may include an outer surface 2032, which may further include an outer protruding line 20321.

[0156] 4A and 4B, in some embodiments, the battery housing 303 may include four outer plates 3030 to create a storage space 3031 that is covered by corresponding front and rear plates of the battery housing 303. The storage space 3031 may be used to store a cell assembly. In some embodiments, the battery housing 303 may include five outer plates 3030 to create a storage space 3031 that is covered by the front plate.

[0157] In some embodiments, the protruding height of the outward protruding line 20321 located on the left side of the outer surface 2032 may be different from the protruding height of the outward protruding line 20321 located on the right side of the outer surface 2032. In some embodiments, each outward protruding line 20321 located on the left side of the outer surface 2032 may be higher than at least one outward protruding line 20321 located on the right side of the outer surface 2032. For example, the outward protruding line 20321 located at the lowest position on the left side of the outer surface 2032 may be higher than the outward protruding line 20321 located at the lowest position on the right side of the outer surface 2032. In other embodiments, each outward protruding line 20321 located on the left side of the outer surface 2032 may be lower than at least one outward protruding line 20321 located on the right side of the outer surface 2032.

[0158] 17 , battery housing 303 may be the same as battery housing 203. When battery housing 303 is engaged with battery housing 203 to connect two different battery modules together, the outer protruding lines 20321 of battery housing 203 may be engaged with the outer protruding lines 30321 of battery housing 303 to enhance the structural strength between the two adjacent battery modules. In some embodiments, each outer protruding line 30321 located on the left side of outer surface 3032 may be higher than at least one outer protruding line 20321 located on the right side of outer surface 2032. Also, each outer protruding line 30321 located on the left side of outer surface 3032 may be slightly higher than the corresponding one outer protruding line 20321 located on the right side of outer surface 2032. Therefore, when the battery housing 303 is engaged with the battery housing 203, each outer protrusion line 30321 located on the left side of the outer surface 3032 can be engaged with a corresponding outer protrusion line 20321 located on the right side of the outer surface 2032. In other words, the outer protrusion lines on one side can be arranged asymmetrically with respect to the opposite side. Therefore, when assembling the battery modules, the outer protrusion lines of adjacent battery modules are offset to reduce the distance between the battery modules, thereby improving the airtightness of the battery system and further enhancing the stability of the battery system.

[0159] 16C and 17, in some embodiments, the front plate 201 can be connected to the battery housing 203 to create a battery housing 200 having multiple housing projection lines. Accordingly, the housing projection lines of the battery housing 200 can also be removably coupled to other housing projection lines of another battery housing having a battery housing 303 to couple the battery module 20 to another battery module having another battery housing.

[0160] In some embodiments, battery housings 203 and 303 may be stacked on top of each other. Thus, each outer protruding line 20321 located on the upper part of outer surface 2032 may be slightly offset from a corresponding outer protruding line 20321 located on the lower part of outer surface 2032. Also, each outer protruding line 30321 located on the upper part of outer surface 3032 may be slightly offset from a corresponding outer protruding line 30321 located on the lower part of outer surface 3032. In some embodiments, when battery housing 303 is attached adjacent to battery housing 203, outer protruding line 20321 located on the upper part of outer surface 2032 may engage with outer protruding line 30321 located on the lower part of outer surface 3032.

[0161] Figure 18A shows a perspective view of a cell assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 18B shows a front view of the battery housing shown in Figure 16B according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Comparing the cell assembly 210 in Figure 18A with the cell assembly 210 in Figure 5, only the monitor member 215 has been removed to clearly show the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132.

[0162] In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may include a lower cell holder 2131 and an upper cell holder 2132. The lower cell holder 2131 may further include a plurality of lower rib members 21314, and the upper cell holder 2132 may further include a plurality of upper rib members 21324. In some embodiments, the two lower rib members 21314 are each located on one of two side surfaces of the lower cell holder 2131, and the two upper rib members 21324 are each located on one of two side surfaces of the upper cell holder 2132.

[0163] In some embodiments, the storage space 2031 of the battery housing 203 may include an upper region and a lower region. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 10 , the cell assembly 210 may be inserted into the lower region, and the cell assembly 220 may be inserted into the upper region. In some embodiments, the lower region of the storage space 2031 may include multiple rails. In FIG. 18B , the number of rails in the lower region of the storage space 2031 may be equal to four. In some embodiments, the rails 20341 and 20343 may be positioned at the same height, and the rails 20345 and 20347 may be positioned at the same height. Also, the height difference between the rails 20341 and 20345 may be the same as the height difference between the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132. Thus, each rail 20341, 20343, 20345, and 20347 in the lower region of the storage space 2031 may correspond to one of the lower rib member 21314 and the upper rib member 21324 of the cell assembly 210. In some embodiments, and with further reference to FIG. 12 , each rail in the upper region of the storage space 2031 may also correspond to one of the lower rib member and the upper rib member 22324 of the cell assembly 220.

[0164] In some embodiments, when the cell assembly 210 is inserted into the accommodating space 2031 of the battery housing 203, the two lower rib members 21314 may be inserted into the two corresponding rails 20341 and 20343, and the two upper rib members 21324 may be inserted into the two corresponding rails 20345 and 20347. In some embodiments, when the cell assembly 220 is inserted into the accommodating space 2031 of the battery housing 203, the two lower rib members may be inserted into the two lower rails in the upper region of the accommodating space 2031, and the two upper rib members 22324 may be inserted into the two upper rails in the upper region of the accommodating space 2031.

[0165] Figure 19A shows a partial enlarged view of the right side of the cell assembly shown in Figure 18A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 19B shows an enlarged view of region C shown in Figure 19A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0166] In some embodiments, the lower rib member 21314 may further include a plurality of inferior transverse projections 21315 and a plurality of inferior longitudinal projections 21316. Also, the upper rib member 21324 may further include a plurality of superior transverse projections 21325 and a plurality of superior longitudinal projections (not shown). In some embodiments, the inferior longitudinal projections 21316 can project upwardly from the lower rib member 21314, and the superior longitudinal projections can project downwardly from the upper rib member 21324. Also, with reference to FIG. 18B , the inferior transverse projections 21315 can project from the lower rib member 21314 toward the rail 20343, and the superior transverse projections 21325 can project from the upper rib member 21324 toward the rail 20347.

[0167] 18A , the left sides of the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132 may further include an inferior transverse process, an inferior longitudinal process, a superior transverse process, and an superior longitudinal process. In some embodiments, when the cell assembly 210 is inserted into the battery housing 203, the inferior transverse process 21315 located on the right side of the lower cell holder 2131 and the inferior transverse process located on the left side of the lower cell holder 2131 may provide a force in the lateral direction to introduce a lateral interference fit between the lower cell holder 2131 of the cell assembly 210 and the rails 20341 and 20343 of the battery housing 203. Additionally, when the cell assembly 210 is inserted into the battery housing 203, the upper transverse protrusion 21325 located on the right side of the upper cell holder 2132 and the lower transverse protrusion 2131 located on the left side of the lower cell holder 2131 may also provide a force in the lateral direction to introduce a lateral interference fit between the upper cell holder 2132 of the cell assembly 210 and the rails 20345 and 20347 of the battery housing 203. The lower transverse protrusion and the upper transverse protrusion may include a thickness that gradually increases along an increasing direction. The increasing direction may be perpendicular to the lateral direction. In some embodiments, the cell assembly 210 may be inserted along an insertion direction to be assembled into the battery module 20. In the embodiments, the increasing direction of the thickness gradually increases may be opposite to the insertion direction. Therefore, when the cell assembly 210 is inserted into the battery housing 203, the lateral interference fit between the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132 of the cell assembly 210 and the rails 20341, 20343, 20345, and 20347 of the battery housing 203 is strengthened, thereby increasing the stability of the cell assembly 210.

[0168] In some embodiments, the lower longitudinal protrusion 21316 can provide force in the vertical direction to introduce an interference fit between the lower cell holder 2131 of the cell assembly 210 and the rail 20343 of the battery housing 203, and the upper longitudinal protrusion located on the right side of the upper cell holder 2132 can provide force in the vertical direction to introduce a vertical interference fit between the upper cell holder 2132 of the cell assembly 210 and the rail 20347 of the battery housing 203. In addition, the lower longitudinal protrusion located on the left side of the lower cell holder 2131 can also provide force in the vertical direction to introduce an interference fit between the lower cell holder 2131 of the cell assembly 210 and the rail 20341 of the battery housing 203, and the upper longitudinal protrusion located on the left side of the upper cell holder 2132 can provide force in the vertical direction to introduce a vertical interference fit between the upper cell holder 2132 of the cell assembly 210 and the rail 20345 of the battery housing 203. The lower longitudinal protrusion and the upper longitudinal protrusion may include a thickness that gradually increases along the increasing direction. The direction of the gradually increasing thickness may be perpendicular to the vertical direction and opposite to the insertion direction. Therefore, when the cell assembly 210 is inserted into the battery housing 203, the vertical interference fit between the lower cell holder 2131 and the upper cell holder 2132 of the cell assembly 210 and the rails 20341, 20343, 20345, and 20347 of the battery housing 203 is strengthened, thereby improving the stability of the cell assembly 210.

[0169] In some embodiments, a lower mounting notch may be provided between two adjacent lower transverse protrusions 21315, and an upper mounting notch may be provided between two adjacent upper transverse protrusions 21325. Also, another lower mounting notch may be provided between two adjacent lower longitudinal protrusions 21316, and another upper mounting notch may be provided between two adjacent upper longitudinal protrusions of the lower rib member 21314. In some embodiments, some soft material may be attached to the lower and upper mounting notches to provide additional friction and increase the structural strength of the assembled battery module 20.

[0170] In some embodiments, the transverse and longitudinal protrusions may be offset along the insertion direction, such that lateral and vertical forces from the transverse and longitudinal protrusions may be applied to the battery housing 203 at multiple offset positions. The above design provides common components such as assembly covers, partition members, cell assemblies, etc. for various sized housings. One advantage of this design is the flexibility to adjust the number of cell assemblies in a battery module without redesigning the housing.

[0171] 20 shows a perspective view of a battery system 9 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery system 9 may include a system casing 90 and a system cover 91. The system casing 90 may have a sidewall 92. The sidewall 92 may further include a plurality of casing interfaces, a casing inlet 9221, and a casing outlet 9222. The casing interfaces, the casing inlet 9221, and the casing outlet 9222 are provided on the sidewall 92 of the system casing 90. In some embodiments, the distance between the casing inlet 9221 and the casing outlet 9222 may be greater than one-quarter of the width of the sidewall 92.

[0172] In some embodiments, the number of casing interfaces may be equal to a positive integer. For example, the number of casing interfaces may be equal to two. In some embodiments, the casing inlet 9221 may be used to allow fluid to enter the system casing 90, and the casing outlet 9222 may be used to allow fluid to exit the system casing 90. Additionally, the casing interfaces 9211 and 9212 may be connected to an operating system to provide power to the operating system or to a charging device to charge the battery system 9.

[0173] In some embodiments, the battery system 9 may further include a signal connector 923 and a system switch 924 provided on the side wall 92. In some embodiments, the signal connector 923 may be coupled to a computing system to receive an operating status of the battery system 9. The operating status may include voltage data, current data, and temperature data of the battery system 9. In some embodiments, the system switch 924 may be a manual service disconnect (MSD) switch to allow a user to manually disconnect the battery system 9. For example, the system switch 924 may be used to manually adjust the battery system 9 so that the battery system 9 is open circuited.

[0174] 21 shows a perspective view of the battery system 9 shown in FIG. 20 without the system cover, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The battery system 9 may house multiple battery modules. In some embodiments, the battery module in the battery system 9 may include the battery module 10 shown in FIG. 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, or 3B. In some embodiments, the battery module in the battery system 9 may include the battery module 20 shown in FIG. 4A, 4B, 5, or 7.

[0175] In some embodiments, the number of battery modules may be equal to a positive integer. For example, the number of casing interfaces may be equal to four. In some embodiments, the battery modules 20-50 may be mounted along an installation direction. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 4A, the installation direction may be parallel to the front panel 201 and perpendicular to the normal direction of the front panel 201.

[0176] In some embodiments, when fluid enters the battery system 9 through the casing inlet 9221, the fluid can sequentially flow into the battery modules 20-50 along the installation direction and then exit the battery system 9 through the casing outlet 9222. In some embodiments, the casing interfaces 9211 and 9212 can be electrically coupled to the battery modules 20-50 to supply power to an operating system or to charge the battery modules 20-50 by a charging device. In some embodiments, the signal connector 923 can be coupled to the battery modules 20-50 to receive the operating status of the battery modules 20-50.

[0177] 22 shows a perspective view of some elements in the battery system shown in FIG. 20 to illustrate electrical connections in the battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The cell assemblies include connector members that form electrical connections between the battery cells. Each of the connector members is further electrically connected to an assembly high-voltage interface disposed in a battery housing of a battery module. The battery system includes a high-voltage connector for connecting the housing interfaces of the battery modules to form electrical connections between the cell assemblies.

[0178] In some embodiments, the casing interface 9211 may be coupled to a first casing connector 931 for coupling to a first bottom cell assembly in battery module 20, the second casing connector 932 may be used to couple the first bottom cell assembly to a second bottom cell assembly in battery module 30, the third casing connector 933 may be used to couple the second bottom cell assembly to a third bottom cell assembly in battery module 40, and the fourth casing connector 934 may be used to couple the third bottom cell assembly to a fourth bottom cell assembly in battery module 50. In some embodiments, the fifth casing connector 935 may be used to couple a fourth bottom cell assembly to a fourth top cell assembly in battery module 50. In some embodiments, the sixth casing connector 936 may be used to couple the fourth upper cell assembly to the third upper cell assembly in the battery module 40, the seventh casing connector 937 may be used to couple the third upper cell assembly to the second upper cell assembly in the battery module 30, the eighth casing connector 938 may be used to couple the second upper cell assembly to the first upper cell assembly in the battery module 20, and the casing interface 9212 may be coupled to the ninth casing connector 939 to couple to the first upper cell assembly.

[0179] In some embodiments, a system switch 924 provided on the side wall 92 can be coupled between the casing interface 9212 and the ninth casing connector 939 to allow a user to manually disconnect the battery system 9.

[0180] In some embodiments, the signal connector 923 may be coupled to a computing system to receive the operating status of the battery system 9. The signal connector 923 may be coupled to the monitoring members of the battery modules 20-50 and coupled to a monitoring board 925 to receive the operating status of the battery modules 20-50. For example, referring to FIG. 10 , the monitoring board 925 may be coupled to the monitoring members 215 and 225 of the battery module 20 to receive the operating status of the cell assemblies 210 and 220 of the battery module 20. In some embodiments, the operating status may include voltage data, current data, and temperature data of the battery modules 20-50. In some embodiments, the operating status may be monitored by the monitoring members 215 and 225, and the monitoring board 925 may further output data to another system via the signal connector 923. For example, the monitoring board 925 may output data to a vehicle computer having the battery system 9. In some embodiments, the monitoring board 925 may be a battery control unit (BCU).

[0181] In some embodiments, the battery modules may be stacked on top of one another. For example, battery module 50 may be provided above battery module 40, which may be provided above battery module 30, which may be provided above battery module 20. In some embodiments, casing interface 9211 may be coupled to first casing connector 931 to couple to a first lower cell assembly, and casing interface 9212 may be coupled to ninth casing connector 939 to couple to a fourth upper cell assembly. In some embodiments, second casing connector 932, fourth casing connector 934, sixth casing connector 936, and eighth casing connector 938 may be used to couple multiple cell assemblies in a corresponding one of battery modules 20-50, respectively. For example, fourth casing connector 934 may be used to connect multiple cell assemblies in battery module 30. In some embodiments, the third casing connector 933, the fifth casing connector 935, and the seventh casing connector 937 may be used to connect an upper cell assembly in one of the battery modules 20-50 to a lower cell assembly in another battery module 20-50 located above the one of the battery modules 20-50. For example, the seventh casing connector 937 may be used to connect an upper cell assembly in the battery module 40 to a lower cell assembly in the battery module 50.

[0182] In some embodiments, to shorten the length of the casing connectors 931-939 of stacked battery modules, the assembly electrodes of the cell assemblies may be provided on different cell holders of the cell assemblies. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 10 , assembly electrode 2101 may be provided on lower cell holder 2131 and coupled to casing interface 9211, assembly electrode 2102 may be provided on upper cell holder 2132 and coupled to assembly electrode 2202 provided on lower cell holder 2231, and assembly electrode 2201 may be provided on upper cell holder 2232 and coupled to another assembly electrode provided on another lower cell holder of a lower cell assembly in battery module 30. Thus, the distance between two assembly electrodes coupled to the same casing connector can be reduced, and the length of the casing connector can be shortened.

[0183] In some embodiments, some battery modules may be stacked on top of each other, and other battery modules may be arranged side by side along an installation direction parallel to the front panel of the battery module and a normal direction perpendicular to the front panel of the battery module. Thus, when the number of battery modules is equal to four, the battery modules may be stacked as a 2x2 rectangular parallelepiped. In some embodiments, the electrical connections may be coupled as an S-shaped connection. For example, two bottom cell assemblies in different battery modules may be coupled to each other, and then one of the two bottom cell assemblies may be further coupled to the top cell assembly in said one of the battery modules.

[0184] FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of some elements in the battery system shown in FIG. 20 to illustrate fluid flow in the battery system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0185] In some embodiments, the casing inlet 9221 coupled to the fluid cooling thermal management system may be coupled to an inlet conduit 9223 for coupling a first flow conduit 941 coupled to a first fluid inlet of the battery module 20. In some embodiments, a second flow conduit 942 may be used to couple a first fluid outlet of the battery module 20 to a second fluid inlet of the battery module 30, a third flow conduit 943 may be used to couple a second fluid outlet of the battery module 30 to a third fluid inlet of the battery module 40, and a fourth flow conduit 944 may be used to couple a third fluid outlet of the battery module 20 to a fourth fluid inlet of the battery module 50. In some embodiments, the casing outlet 9222 coupled to the fluid cooling thermal management system may be coupled to an outlet conduit 9224 for coupling a fifth flow conduit 945 coupled to a fourth fluid outlet of the battery module 50. 20 , in some embodiments, the inlet pipe 9223 may be provided behind the side wall 92, and the outlet pipe 9224 may be provided below the battery modules 20-50. Accordingly, each of the fluid inlets and outlets may be coupled to a fluid cooling thermal management system or another battery module. In other words, the fluid inlet of one battery module may be coupled to a fluid cooling thermal management system or a fluid outlet of another battery module. In some embodiments, the inlet pipe 9223, the first flow pipe 941, the second flow pipe 942, the third flow pipe 943, the fourth flow pipe 944, and the outlet pipe 9224 are multiple casing passages for allowing fluid to flow within the system casing 90.

[0186] In some embodiments, the battery modules may be stacked. In some embodiments, the second flow conduit 942 may be used to connect the first fluid outlet of battery module 20 to the second fluid inlet of battery module 30 located above battery module 20, the third flow conduit 943 may be used to connect the second fluid outlet of battery module 30 to the third fluid inlet of battery module 40 located above battery module 30, and the fourth flow conduit 944 may be used to connect the third fluid outlet of battery module 40 to the fourth fluid inlet of battery module 50 located above battery module 40.

[0187] In some embodiments, some battery modules may be stacked on top of each other, while other battery modules may be arranged side by side with the installation direction parallel to the front panel of the battery module and the normal direction perpendicular to the front panel of the battery module. Thus, when the number of battery modules is equal to four, the battery modules may be stacked as a 2x2 rectangular parallelepiped. In some embodiments, fluid flow between different battery modules may be an S-shaped path. For example, the second flow pipe 942 may be used to connect the first fluid outlet of battery module 20 to the second fluid inlet of battery module 30 located on the right side of battery module 20, the third flow pipe 943 may be used to connect the second fluid outlet of battery module 30 to the third fluid inlet of battery module 40 located above battery module 30, and the fourth flow pipe 944 may be used to connect the third fluid outlet of battery module 40 to the fourth fluid inlet of battery module 50 located on the left side of battery module 40.

[0188] In some embodiments, to shorten the length of the flow pipes of the stacked battery modules, the locations of the fluid inlets and fluid outlets of the cell assemblies in the first layer of the battery system 9 may be different from the locations of the fluid inlets and fluid outlets of the cell assemblies in the second layer of the battery system 9. In some embodiments, the cell assemblies in the second layer of the battery system 9 may be disposed above the cell assemblies in the first layer of the battery system 9. For example, the fluid inlets of the cell assemblies in the first layer of the battery system 9 may be disposed in the lower left corner of a corresponding front plate, and the fluid outlets of the cell assemblies in the first layer of the battery system 9 may be disposed in the upper right corner of a corresponding front plate. Furthermore, the fluid inlets of the cell assemblies in the second layer of the battery system 9 may be disposed in the lower right corner of a corresponding front plate so as to face the fluid outlets of the cell assemblies in the first layer of the battery system 9 or to connect to the fluid outlets of other cell assemblies in the second layer of the battery system 9. Also, the fluid outlet of a cell assembly in the second layer of the battery system 9 may be provided at the upper left corner of the corresponding front plate so as to face the fluid inlet of a cell assembly in the third layer of the battery system 9 or to connect to another fluid inlet of another cell assembly in the third layer of the battery system 9. Therefore, the distance between the fluid inlets and fluid outlets in different battery modules can be reduced, and the length of the flow pipe can be shortened.

[0189] The embodiments shown and described above are merely examples. Many details are often found in the art. Thus, many of such details have not been shown or described. Although many features and advantages of the present disclosure have been set forth in the above description, along with details of the structure and function of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is merely exemplary, and details can be modified. Therefore, it will be understood that the above-described embodiments can be modified within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0190] 10, 20: Battery module 100: Battery case 101: Front panel 102: Rear plate 110, 120, 130, 140: Cell assembly 151: Fluid inlet 152:Fluid outlet 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018: Housing interface 1101, 1102, 1201, 1202, 1301, 1302, 1401, 1402: Assembly electrodes 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166: flow control members 111, 121, 131, 141: Lower lid 112, 122, 132, 142: Top lid 113, 123, 133, 143: Cell holder 114, 124, 134, 144: Battery cells 171, 173, 175, 177: Bottom surface 172, 174, 176, 178: Top surface 1711, 1721, 1731, 1741, 1751, 1761, 1771, 1781: Front opening 1712, 1722, 1732, 1742, 1752, 1762, 1772, 1782: Rear opening 1701, 1703, 1705: Front aisle 1702, 1704, 1706: Rear passage 1641, 1651, 1661: Bulkhead opening 200: Battery case 201: Front panel 202: Rear plate 203: Battery housing 210, 220: Cell assembly 211, 221: Lower lid 212, 222: Upper lid 214: Battery cell 224: Battery cell 251: Fluid inlet 252:Fluid outlet 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014: Housing interface 2101, 2102, 2201, 2202: Assembly electrodes 2131, 2231: Lower cell holder 2132, 2232: Upper cell holder 21314: Lower rib member 21315: Lower transverse process 21316: Inferior longitudinal process 21324: Upper rib member 21325: Superior transverse process 215, 225: Monitoring member 2251: Lower wiring member 2252: Upper wiring member 2261: Lower connector part 2262: Upper connector part 227: Support member 22310: Lower holder hole 22320: Upper holder hole 22321: Upper interference member 22322: Upper fluid hole 22323: Upper wall member 22324: Upper rib member 22611: Lower fluid hole 22621: Upper fluid hole 2271, 2272, 2273, 2274: Lower connector plate 2275, 2276, 2277: Upper connector plate 2281, 2282, 2283, 2284: Lower holder area 2285, 2286, 2287: Upper holder area 2291: Lower connecting member 2292: Upper connecting member 22721, 22722, 22731, 22732: Lower connector area 22751, 22752, 22761, 22762, 22771, 22772: Upper connector area 2030: Outer panel 2031: Containment Space 2032:Exterior 2033:Inside 20321:Outward protruding line 20331: Inner protruding line 20322: Hanging hole 20341, 20343, 20345, 20347: Rail 20332: Inner protruding unit 20342: Inner flow slit 2019: Side 20191: Plate protrusion 20101, 20102: Board interface 261, 264: flow control members 22610: Lower connector hole 22620: Upper connector hole 2641: Bulkhead opening 271, 273: Bottom surface 272, 274:Top surface 2711, 2721, 2731, 2741: Front opening 2712, 2722, 2732, 2742: Rear opening 2701: Front passage 2702: Rear passage 303: Battery housing 3030: Outer panel 3031: Containment Space 30321:Outward protruding line 3032: Exterior 9: Battery system 90: System casing 91: System cover 92: Side wall 9221: Casing inlet 9222: Casing outlet 923: Signal connector 924: System switch 925: Monitoring board 20, 30, 40, 50: Battery module 9211, 9212: Casing interface 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939: Casing connectors 9223:Inflow pipe 9224:Outflow pipe 941, 942, 943, 944, 945: Distribution pipe

Claims

1. A liquid-tight battery housing, a front plate and a rear plate opposite the front plate and the battery housing; a single battery housing having the shape of a square pipe or a rectangular tube and including four plates, the single battery housing being coupled with the front plate and the rear plate to form a liquid-tight battery enclosure; a fluid inlet provided in the front plate for allowing fluid to flow into the battery housing; a fluid outlet provided in the front plate for allowing the fluid to flow out of the battery housing; At least two housing interfaces provided on the front panel; a liquid-tight battery housing including: a plurality of cell assemblies disposed in the single battery housing, each of which comprises: a plurality of battery cells; at least one cell holder having a plurality of holder holes, the at least one cell holder receiving and holding at least a portion of a body of one of the plurality of battery cells; at least two cell connectors, each electrically connected to one of a positive electrode and / or a negative electrode of one battery cell of at least a portion of the plurality of battery cells, such that the battery cells of the cell assembly are electrically connected; at least two assembly electrodes, each of the at least two assembly electrodes of each of the at least two cell assemblies being connected to one of the cell connectors; one or more flow control members, each disposed between two of the plurality of cell assemblies to control the fluid flow through a fluid passage between the two of the plurality of cell assemblies; a plurality of cell assemblies, Equipped with the at least two housing interfaces are electrical connector interfaces, each of the housing interfaces electrically connected to at least one of the cell assemblies such that the cell assemblies are electrically exposed to an exterior of the battery housing; the battery housing is configured to allow the fluid to flow throughout the battery module such that the cell assemblies are immersed in the fluid; the one or more flow control members are partition members attached to an inner surface of the battery housing or to an assembly cover attached to the at least two cell assemblies to function as a wall for directing the flow of the thermal management liquid so that the thermal management liquid flows sequentially through the cell assemblies; each of the at least two assembly electrodes is coupled to a corresponding one of the at least two housing interfaces such that each of the at least two cell assemblies is electrically exposed to an exterior of the battery housing to form a battery system that supplies power to an operating system or is charged by a charging device; Battery module.

2. the battery module includes a sealing member adjacent to the front plate to close a front passage between two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies or adjacent to the rear plate to close a rear passage between two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies, The battery module according to claim 1 .

3. The front passage is a first front opening adjacent the front plate and located on a lower surface of one of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies; a second front opening corresponding to the first front opening and located on a top surface of the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies among the plurality of cell assemblies; further comprising the seal member covers the first front opening and the second front opening to prevent the fluid from flowing through the front passage adjacent the front plate. The battery module according to claim 2 .

4. The fluid passage is a first rear opening disposed away from the front panel and located on a lower surface of one of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies; a second rear opening facing the first rear opening and located on an upper surface of the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies; further comprising the seal member is spaced apart from the first rear opening and the second rear opening to allow the fluid to flow through the fluid passageway spaced apart from the front plate. The battery module according to claim 3 .

5. the sealing member is provided on the front plate or the rear plate and includes a stopper structure that closes the front passage or the rear passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies among the plurality of cell assemblies. The battery module according to claim 2 .

6. the sealing member is inserted into the battery casing and includes a partition member that closes the front passage between the two adjacent cell assemblies among the plurality of cell assemblies. The battery module according to claim 2 .

7. each of the flow control members is a partition member attached to the inner surface of the battery housing; each of the partition members is interposed between two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies so as to separate the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies from each other; the fluid passage is kept unobstructed by a partition opening in the partition member, allowing the fluid to flow through the partition opening from one of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies to the other of the two adjacent cell assemblies of the plurality of cell assemblies. The battery module according to claim 2 .

8. The partition opening of the partition member is located at a position away from the front plate and adjacent to the rear plate. The battery module according to claim 7 .

9. the number of the at least two housing interfaces is twice the number of the at least two cell assemblies; The battery module according to claim 1 .

10. the inner surface of the battery housing further includes a plurality of inward protruding lines or units protruding from the inner surface of two of the four plates; The battery module according to claim 1 .

11. The plurality of inward protruding lines or units are rib structures extending from the front end to the rear end. The battery module according to claim 10.

12. the battery housing further includes a rail structure formed from the inner protruding line and configured to mount the at least two cell assemblies; The battery module according to claim 11 .

13. the battery housing further includes an inner flow slit structure formed from the inner protrusion unit and configured to accommodate the one or more flow control members. The battery module according to claim 11 .

14. the battery housing is formed by an extrusion process; The battery module according to claim 1 .

15. 1. A system casing comprising: A side wall; a casing inlet in the sidewall for allowing fluid to enter the system casing; a casing outlet in the sidewall for allowing the fluid to exit the system casing; two casing interfaces provided on the side walls; a system casing including: A plurality of battery modules, each of the plurality of battery modules comprising: A liquid-tight battery housing, a front plate and a rear plate opposite the front plate and the battery housing; a single battery housing having the shape of a square pipe or a rectangular tube and including four plates, the single battery housing being coupled with the front plate and the rear plate to form a liquid-tight battery enclosure; a fluid inlet provided in the front plate for allowing fluid to flow into the battery housing; a fluid outlet provided in the front plate for allowing the fluid to flow out of the battery housing; At least two housing interfaces provided on the front panel; a liquid-tight battery housing including: a plurality of cell assemblies disposed in the single battery housing, each of which comprises: a plurality of battery cells; at least one cell holder having a plurality of holder holes, the at least one cell holder receiving and holding at least a portion of a body of one of the plurality of battery cells; at least two cell connectors, each electrically connected to one of a positive electrode and / or a negative electrode of one battery cell of at least a portion of the plurality of battery cells, such that the battery cells of the cell assembly are electrically connected; at least two assembly electrodes, each of the at least two assembly electrodes of each of the at least two cell assemblies being connected to one of the cell connectors; a plurality of cell assemblies, one or more flow control members, each disposed between two of the plurality of cell assemblies to control the fluid flow through a fluid passage between the two of the plurality of cell assemblies; a plurality of battery modules including: Equipped with the at least two housing interfaces are electrical connector interfaces, each of the housing interfaces electrically connected to at least one of the cell assemblies such that the cell assemblies are electrically exposed to an exterior of the battery housing; the battery housing is configured to allow the fluid to flow throughout the battery module such that the cell assemblies are immersed in the fluid; the one or more flow control members are partition members attached to an inner surface of the battery housing or to an assembly cover attached to the at least two cell assemblies to function as a wall for directing the flow of the thermal management liquid so that the thermal management liquid flows sequentially through the cell assemblies; each of the at least two assembly electrodes is coupled to a corresponding one of the at least two housing interfaces such that each of the at least two cell assemblies is electrically exposed to an exterior of the battery housing to form a battery system that supplies power to an operating system or is charged by a charging device; each of the at least two assembly electrodes is electrically coupled to the two casing interfaces; Battery system.

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